The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-27 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 27, 1860.

' Mr. M'ARTiIuR, and care has been taken by the
colonists to foster and improve the breed. Within
the last few years we find the name of WARTHUR
again before the public, in conjunction with those
of Messrs. LOYD and LEDGER, engaged in the
importation of alpacas from South America. When
a few adventurers determined, in spite of previous
failures, to settle in Victoria, liberal grants were
given to the stockholders, much on the same prin-
ciple as that adopted in New South Wales.
South Australia, of course, was different;
being specially an agricultural country the squat-
ters were there a secondary power ; while in New
South Wales and Victoria they were omnipotent.
The former being here in the ascendant, the squat-
ters had to seek for runs on the banks of the Mur-
ray, leaving the plains and fertile valleys to the
husbandman.
When the gold diggings broke out "a change
came o'er the spirit of the dream" of Victoria. A
few years wrought wonders ; and although the
Government lease did not protect the runs of the
squatters from the researches of the miner, still it
was felt to be a grievance that so much
land should be taken up for pastoral purposes
when it could be so much more profitably
employed for agriculture, while Victoria was de-
pending on South Australia and America for flour,
while thousands of rich acres were lying idle
within her own boundaries.
But the country was wide; and if the squatter
held part, still there was enough, and to spare.
" Let the Government survey new ground, and let
us purchase and cultivate," was the cry. The Exe-
cutive, after much delay, did extend their surveys,
and land, in small quantities, was thrown into the
market at an upset price of XI per acre ; but now
the squatters were aroused; were they to suffer
small agriculturists to settle down among then to
impound their cattle and curtail their runs ? No,
that would never de. Backed by the Melbourne
banks, they entered the market and ran up allot-
ments beyond the means of the would-be small
purchasers, and, in certain cases, sublet the pro-
perty to those, who but for their intervention,
would have been the proprietors of the soil. The
matter has stood thus for some years in Victoria,
but the time has come when a change must take
place. The people of Australia are no longer the
wild, devil-may-care class they were seven or
eight years ago. Then the sole desire of the
digger or speculator was to amass wealth,
and leave a country alike destitute of com-
fort and safety; but things are now altered—
an efficient police organisation has rendered the
roads comparatively secure, and the vast influx of
immigrants has, as a matter of course, brought with
it not only the necessaries, but even the luxuries of
life. Consequently, when a storekeeper, gold-digger,
or other adventurer ha: gathered.together an inde-
pendence, he would, if possible, settle down in the
land of his adoption, rather than return to
a country where, after a long absence, he
might find all his former associates dispersed.
It is this feeling which is now moving the people
of Victoria to combine ; for although the
Victorian Government is not altogether free from

blame, it is not fair to lay that to their charge,

which by right and justice belongs to a negligent
and apathetic public. It is impossible for a Minister,
however good his intentions may be, to carry a bill
through the house of Assembly when the majority

is against him; and if the free and independent
electors will not return men to rote in favour of
measures conducive to their interest, let them thank

:her own want of foresight and promptitude rather

than animadvert on those who, without the support
of the great body of the electors, cannot do justice
to the country in the face of a well organised and
determined body of men who represent one of the
richest and most influential sections of society. What
is at present required for Australia generally, and
for Victoria in particular, is, that the crown lands
should be thrown open to the public for free selec-
tion, of course reserving such as are supposed to
be auriferous, and such as, from their peculiar posi-

tion, may command special attention. If already
surveyed, let the first applicant take what ground
he requires at the upset price of £l, or whatever
price may be determined, but we do not think that
Ll per acre would be objected to when the pur-

chaser has a free selection ; and if unsurveyed, let
the settler who first sits down on the land, when the
survey reaches him, purchase his section or half

section, as the case may be, on the same terms as
though he had applied for it at th• Surveyor-

General's-office as surveyed land. And, as a check
on laud speculators who would buy up allotments
to make money out of them by a resale when the
property had advanced in value, lot there be a heavy
tax levied on all estates which had lot, within a

year after the date of purchase, a certain proportion

fenced in and cultivated. Thus would the harpies

who prosper by the exigencies of their country be

held at bay, and honest industry reap the fruits

of its labour.

Civil and Religious Liberty, once so popular a
rallying cry in this country, has latterly almost
died out and been forgotten. For the simple rea-
son that that grand twin boon has long since been
realised by Englishmen. It is already a year or
two since the very last of the religious disabilities,
for example, was abolished, when the Jew was
first enabled to take his seat in Parliament
amongst the ranks of the popular representatives.
If we nevertheless have ourselves broken down the
barriers of intolerance which hitherto impeded
the national progress im the development of our
civil and religious institutions—it is still far other-
wise beyond the boundaries of the great empire
ruled by the sceptre of our constitutional sove-
reignty. However, little reason, therefore, we may
have now amongst ourselves to hearken to the
echoes of the old cry of Civil and Religious Liberty
(having ourselves now the "material guarantees" of
both), we have peculiar cause, fur that very reason,
to thrill with responsive sympathy when the old
rallying signal comes resounding to us from a dis-
tance, from some remote and still struggling
nationality. It has been so—how long shall we
say ?—alas ! but too long in the instance of the
gallant and heroic Hungarians. Often and chival-
rously as they have fought for their civil and reli-
gious liberties, they have yet to achieve the victory.
The day of their eventual triumph, we may now
rest assured, will not be much longer in com-
ing. In anticipation of that day the citizens of
Glasgow have but just now passed a series of aus-
picious Resolutions—fraught with encourage.
went to the hopes of Hungary and the
Hungarians. The First of these Resolutions, moved
by the 'Rev. GEORGE JEFFREY, seconded by JOHN
HENDERSON, of Park—" That the citizens of Glas-
gow have witnessed with profound sympathy and
hearty admiration the manly attitude assumed by
the Protestants of Hungary, in resolutely opposing
the encroachments on, and despotic interference
with, their religious liberty and chartered
rights of independent self-government in Church
and School." The second, moved by the Rev: Dr.
ANDERSON, seconded by ALEXANDER HASTIE,ESII.
" That this meeting expresses its high appreciation
of the support and high-minded countenance which
the Roman Catholics of Hungary are lending to
their Protestant brethren in upholding their

rights." The third—moved by the Rev. Dr. R OB-
SON, and seconded by W. P. PATON--" That this
meeting, while acknowledging the principle that
every nation has an absolute right to regulate its
own affairs, including form and manner of Govern-
ment, desires to assure the Hungarian nation
that it never ceased to feel the liveliest
sympathy for its wrongs, and would hail
with intense satisfaction its restoration to
national freedom and independence." The
fourth and last of these resolutions, moved by the
Rev. Dr. SMYTH. Seconded by Bailie YOUNG.
" That this meeting expresses its unbounded ad-
miration of the character and efforts of the cham-
pion of Hungarian liberty, Louis KOSSUTH', and
appoints the chairman to request the illustrious
Magyar to convey to his ratriotic countrymen the
sentiments of the meeting, as well as to express the
hope that he may soon find it convenient to visit Glas-
gow, to explain more at length, than in his recent
admirable letter, the grounds on which the people of
Hungary are entitled to the cordial sympathy of
every lover of civil and religious freedom in this
country." We doubt not that these expressions of
earnest sympathy will resound hopefully from that
public meeting at Glasgow across Europe to the
homes and hearths of the patriotic Hungarians.

ACCELERATION OF NORTHERN DAY MAIL
FROM LONDON.

ALTERATION IN TIME OF POSTING NEWS.
PAPERS AT TIIE CHIEF OFFICE.
- - -

On the Ist of February, and thenceforward, the day
mail from London to the North will be despatched
earlier than at present, and will be accelerated.
In consequence of this alteration, the latest time for re •
ceipt of Newspapers at the Chief Office, St. Martin's-
le-Grand, at the Lombard-street Branch, and at the prin-
cipal office in each postal district, for despatch by day mail
to the North will be-6.45 a.m. without a late fee.
Newspapers will be received at the chief office only, on
payment of a late fee of one half-penny each, up to 7 o'clock.
The change will apply to newspapers by day mail for
the whole of Scotland, and for such towns in England as
receive their day mails by the London and North-Western
or Great Northern line of railway.
The time for posting letters will remain as at present,
viz., at the Chief-Office and Lombard-street Branch
until 7.45 a.m., and at the principal offices in each postal
district until 7.15 a.m.—By command of the Postmaster-
General, ROWLAND HILL, Secretary.
General Post-office, January 27, 1860.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge will
remove from his apartments in St. James's Palace to Glou-
cester Holm during the present month, the improvements
and interior decorations having been completed for his royal
highness's reception.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam-
bridge and the Princess Mary come to town on Wednesday
next, from Cambridge Cottage, Kew, for the season.
His Highness the Prince Gabrielli and Count
Ludo have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jormyn-street, for
Paris, en route for Italy.
The Duchess of Inverness entertained a select
circle at dinner last evening, at her apartments in Kensing-
ton Palace.
The Marquis of Lansdowne left Lansdowne
House on Wednesday for Bowood.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston will leave
Cambridge House to-morrow for Windsor Castle, on a visit
to her Majesty.
The Right lion. E. Cardwell, M.P., and Mrs.
Cardwell arrived in town on Monday,
.from the Oatlands
Park Hotel.
The steam-ship Portugal, E. Courtenay, com-
mander, belonging to the Anglo-Luso-Brazilian Royal Mail
Steam Navigation Company, arrived at Milford Haven yes-
terday at 2 o'clock, after a run of four-and-a .half days from
Lisbon. Weather very bad ; she brings the usual mails,
cargo, specie, and passengers.
OFF TO THE DIGGING.-391, Strand.—The
gold fields have lost a great deal of the interest which they
once excited, and the present exhibition is more likely to
meet with support from returned diggers, who will visit it
just to see whether a true representation of a gold field can
be got up in the mother country ; but we advise any
one who wishes to understand the mode of working all kind
of aurefrous ground in Australia, and the various mechanical
contrivances used by the miner, to pay a visit to this model,
which is a faithful representation of the appurtenances of a
gold field.
GRAY'S INN, JAN. 26.—At a pension of the
Honourable Society of Gray's-inn, holden this day, the
undermentioned gentlemen were called to the degree of
barrister-at-law—viz., Lionel Uniacke Steele, Esq.; Hugh
Shield, Esq., of Jesus College, Cambridge, M.A., holder
of the studentship awarded by the Council of Legal Edu •
cation in the present Hilary Term; John Edwards, Esq.,
of Owen's College, Manchester, in the University of Lon-
don (certificate of honour of the first class), awarded in the
present Hilary Term ; and James Cornelius Broug, , l Esq.,
of King's College, London.
LINCOLN'S-INN, JAN. 26.—The undermentioned
gentlemen were this day called to the degree of barrister-
at-law by the Honourable Society of Lincoln's-inn, viz.:—
Henry Allison Pottinger, Esq., M.A., Oxford ; Andrew
Richard Daubeny, Esq., 8.A., late of Oxford ; Francis
Smale Drake, Esq., B.A. Oxford; William Hale Willats,
Esq., 8.A.. Oxford; John Rigby, Esq., M.A., Cambridge;
Andrews Commins, Esq., M.A., Queen's University, Ire-
land, and LL.D., London; Cecil James Monro, Esq.,
8.A., Cambridge; William Hornby Birley, Esq., M.A.,
Oxford ; James George Edwards, Esq., 8.A., Oxford ;
Henry William Woodbridge, Esq., 8.A., late of Oxford ;
Richard Yapp, jun., Esq., M.A., Oxford; Henry Main-
waring Sladen, Esq. ; William Leverton Donaldson, the
younger, Esq., 8.A., London ; Dennis Milner Esq. ; New-
digate Hooper Kearney Burne, Esq. •, William Charles
Harvey, Esq., 8.A., Cambridge; and Edward Rudge,jun.,
Esq., 8.A., ambridge.
INNER TEMPLE.—The undermentioned gentle-
men were yesterday called to the bar by the Honourable
Society of the Inner Temple :—Mr. Francis Joseph Colt-
man, Mr. William Court Gully, M.A., Mr. John Martineau
Fletcher, Mr. Alfred Cuthill, 8.A., and Mr. Gate-
ward Coleridge Davis.
FIRE AT A LUNATIC ASYLUM.--The inhabitants
of Wells were on Wednesday last, about 10 o'clock, pain-
fully excited by a report that the Lunatic Asylum, contain-
ing at present about 400 inmates was on fire. Upon pro-
ceeding thither it was found that the laundry and appur-
tenant offices had become ignited, it is supposed from the
overheating of the hot water apparatus. The Wells fire
engine was soon on the spot and at work, and there being
a good supply of water, the fire was confined to the place
where it originated. The damage is roughly estimated at
£4OO to £5OO. Arrangements had been inede in anticipa-
tion of the flames spreading for the removal of patients
from those parts which were is danger, but fortunately such
a step was unnecessary. The loss is covered by insurance.
—Sherborne Journal.

NEW METHOD OF BEEFING AND FURLING SAILS.
When a ship is short-handed it is difficult to set or take in
sail. Ships in the Indian Seas are manned, very frequently,
with eolonred.seamen, and they cannot always be persuaded
to go aloft on a dark windy night to furl the top-gallant-
sails or royals. The consequence is that full advantage
cannot be taken of the canvas, and the the voyage is re-
tarded. If a steamer is manned by Lascars it follows that the
consumption of coal must be increased if the upper sails are
not set whon the wind permits. The ships of the Peninsular
and Oriental Steam Navigation Company have coloured
seamen on board of them in the Red Sea; and if by any pro-
cess the sails can be quickly set, and taken infrom the deck,
the company would be much advantaged by its adoption.
Captain H. F. Finlay comes forward with an invention
which accomplishes this object. He has taken out a patent
for reefing and furling. The latter is the most useful, for
by means of a few rings on the sail, and a rope to the mast-
head, the sail is run out to the yard arms when hoisted,
and runs in again to the bunt when the yard is down. The
sail is then brailed to the mast, like a staysail, and the
sheets can be kept home. If the wind freshens the sheets
are let me, the dews and the bunt line hauled up, and then
the sail is brailed to the mast, and as it is furled up and
down with the mast, on fore part, it is well protected from
the weather. In harbour a line round it, and a jacket over
it, gives the line a neat appearance. In reefing a topsail
fitted with this contrivance the points are made fast to the
rings on the yard, so as not to interfere with the working of
the sail. The patentee, who has been master of steam and
sailing ships for 21 years, believes that if a ship of war was
fitted with his invention, a smaller number of hands would
be required on deck to work the sails, they would be pro-
tected from rifle balls, and allow a greater number of men
to fight the guns.

WATER-IN PARlS.—There is one all-sufficient
reason why the French use as little water in their houses as
they can avoid. It is peid for by the bucket. The system
of egoats, or drains, for supplying water to cleanse the streets,
to fill fire-engines, and to carry off the rain-water, is com-
plete; but every drop of water for household purposes is
brought to the door in butte, and retailed by the watercar-
riers, who are a powerful corporation, numbering 10.00 e,
with whose privileges no government, since waterworks
were invented, has been strong enough to interfere. The
Emperor is strong, and called absolute ; but he has many
masters, not the least of whom is the water-carrier of Paris.
Nothing could be easier than to supply Paris with water to
the very attics, for the Seine has a greater fall than the
Thames at Richmond Bridge ; but every attempt to intro-
duce waterworks is opposed,by the water. carriers, who will
not allow water to be taken from the fountains in greater
quantities than in bucketfuls, except by themselves, and it
is a hazardous thing for a touch-and-go dynasty to throw
10,000 able -bodied men out of employment —Once a Week.
ASIICOMBE WOOD MURDER.—It is said to
be not improbable that the trial of the Spaniard, Serafin
Manyano, who is now in the Devizes prison, charged with
the horrible murder of Anastatia Trowbridge, at Berwick
St. John, may be removed to London, in order that he may
have the full benefit of a right to which he is by law enti-
tled, viz., the right to be tried by a jury composed of half
foreigners. But should such be the case, ho would, in the
event of being found guilty, be brought back to Devizes to
be executed. The man's demeanour, since his confinement,
would, but for the strong evidence that was adduced at his
examination before the magistrates, induce a doubt that he
could really have been guilty of so foul and bloody a deed
as he is charged with having committed. He appears to be
one of the most simple-hearted, good-natured cheerful little
fellows that can possibly be conceived, and is always the
same to everybody who comes in contact with him—whe-
ther it be the chaplain, the surgeon, the governor, or the
turnkey. He has been visited in prison by the Spanish
Consul, and also by a Roman Catholic priest, who left with
him a Bible printed in the Spanish language, for he can
hardly speak a word of English. He is only 29 years of
age, and about five feet seven inches high,—Sl erborne
Journa(,

LATEST' NEWS.

THE COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN
ENGLAND AND FRANCE.
PARIS, JAN. 26.

The Constitutionnel publishes several articles of
the commercial treaty between France and Eng-
land, which are as follow :
On and after the Ist of July, 1860, the import
duties on cotton and wool will be suppressed.
English pit coal and coke will be subjected to
the same duty as in the Belgian tariff.
After October, 1860, a duty of 7f. will be substi-
tuted for the actual duty on iron.
From December, 1860, the duties on the impor-
tation of machinery will be diminished.
From January, 1861, the duty on sugar will be
educed.

From June, 1861, the prohibition on the impor-
tation of threads, tissues, and hemp will be replaced
by a duty not exceeding 30 per cent.
From October, 1861, all remaining prohibitions
will be abolished.
The advantages granted to France by the treaty
will be stated shortly.

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. 2

It is stated that the paper money is to be with-
drawn by the end of March by the proceeds of a
tax of 10 per cent. on rents of all houses in Con-
stantinople.

The Bank of Turkey is to be opened in June
next.

Sir Henry Bulwer has ordered the English Con-
sul in Rodosto to break off his official relations with
the authorities.

Ahmct Wifik Pasha, the Turkish Ambassador to
the French Court, will leave for Paris at the end
of this month.

NAPLES.

PARIS, JAN. 26,

The Paine of this evening says :—A telegram
received from Naples, dated the 25th inst., does
not mention that General Filangieri had tendered
his resignation, nor does it state that the Neapolitan
Cabinet was in a state of dissolution."