The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-16 00:00:00

lima WATER• AT LONDON BRIDGE.

THIS DAT—Morn. 47 rain. aft. I—Evening1—Evening 8 min. aft. 2
Tn-g,nßßow—Morn.3o min. aft. 2 —Evening 25 min. aft. 2

Taß WEA.THER--Strii Ornoz, AUGUST 16,
TIIIIIIMOMETSB, IN THI SHAD&
75 —highest singe noon yesterday.
sr) —lowest this morning and during the Right
73 —this day at noon.
3ARourris-29•98.
WIND, S.E.—Light, with cloudy weather.

emtinental rulers by far iuhe least important.
Russia and Austria are the •only powers who now

aim at conquest. Each of these would like to
protect country after country by occupations and
garrisons, till they droppel co•mpletely into their
rapacious hands. ProhaV y, 'however, this pro-
cess is now put a stop to, -.!or some time, at least;

but huge standing armies a 3 not put a stop to,
nor can they even be while his own subjects are

he dread of every despot.

The worst is, that if

a despot happens to he pe rsoually a better man
than usual, it is almost icipossible for him to
alter the habits of the sub-despots in office who
did his father's work, and, even if he could effect
this, and content his people, he finds all his neigh-

bour despots jealous of him, and that his better
government then needs the. -protection of a power-
ful army. The latter case :is, however, an almost

purely imaginary one. From the time of the
Greek Tyrants, to the present day, despots who
begin with popular measut es, end much in the
style of the Tyrants of Tuscany and Naples.
It is, of course, difficult to come at specific
cases of oppression, in the countries lying under
the Austrian yoke especially, or, indeed, in any
of the countries where absolutism is the order of
the day. Few dare to tell or to complain of what
they suffer., Numberless incidents show, how-
ever, more or less directly, how intolerable must
he the oppressions practised in Italy and Hun-
gary. All the classes whose wealth or education
should make them the reliance of any Govern-
ment are the classes most feared, because most
capable of appreciating their own wrongs and the
stolid brutality of their rulers. Even the work-
ing-classes, however, share the co mmon hatred,
as is evident from the way in which FELICE OR-
six' escaped, and in which AlAzzu tI can".travel in
safety all over the country. The. continued in-
flux of troops points the same wavy. By a letter
which appeared in The Sun on tatursday, from
GARIBALDI, it appears that when he left Rome
ANGELO BRUNETTI, a man in favour both with
Papal and Republican citizens, and accused of no
crime whatever, had left with hint. GARIBALDI
has misssd him ever since. He has just ascer-
.ained, however, that, with six other unarmed
- persons, "he was shot at Gmtrarina, near the
mouth of the Po, by Austrian soldiers, commanded
by an officer of the Imperial family►." These bru-
tal cowards are continually adding to their odious
reputation for bravery of this kind. In Hun-
gary, according to a recent letter from a person
who justifies the hanging of one of " KOSSIITECS
agents," and who, therefore, cannot be sup-

posed to be very hostile to Austria,
" the conduct of the Emperor and of his Minis-
ter, Bach, is as bad towards unhappy Hungary
as that of the King of Naples is towards that
wretched country. Hungary is treated as a con-
quered country, pillaged and insulted. To begin
with the former. Soldiers are sent into the vil-
lages, who are quartered on all the inhabitants,
except on the nobles who are in the employment
of the Emperor. They insult the people, they
break all furniture, and throw out of window
anything they do not think good enough for them.
If the weather is cold, they break up the floors
and sides of the rooms for fuel, and take the
thatch off the houses to light the fires ; and for
any insults that are offered to men or women not
the smallest redress whatever can be obtained.
The taxes are levied at the will of the tax-
gatherer. On asking for an explanation of this,
my informant, a nobleman in moderate circum-
stances, told me that the last demand made upon
him by the taxgatherer exceeded that which had
ever previously been made. He remonstrated
with the head officer, and the only answer ho re-
ceived was, that if the sum was not immediately
paid some of his goods would be seized and sold ;
yet this gentleman has some relatives and friends
connected with the Government, both in Hun-
gary and at Vienna. The peasants, and, indeed,
all, are compelled to pay a capitation tax for
every child, as well as for themselves, of a florin
a-head. They pay also a direct tax of a florin
for every beast used in husbandry, and for every
sheep, and for every pig, while the horses of
luxury which the rich gentry and nobles keep are
not taxed at all. One farmer to whom I spoke
had six children, four oxen, 30 pigs, and 100
sheep ; he paid, therefore, including himself and
wife, a direct tax of 146 florins." The ladies
appear to be most successful in outwitting their
oppressors. " The ancient colours of Hungary
are three stripes of green, red, and white. The
first has been erased from their banners. At this
all are furious, and even those in the employment
of the Crown barely conceal their indignation,
for there is probably no people so madly attached
to their country as the Hungarians. To avenge
end resist this insult as much as they dare they
leave rwourse to all kinds of ludicrous devices.
Among others, in one town I was told of three
young ladies who walked together arm-in-arm,
one in a green dress, one in a pink, and another
in a white, amid the applause of the people and
the consternation of the Austrian officers. A
lady had just received from Paris a new bonnet
with a wreath of very sua,tll re I and witie roses,
which hrd, of course, some green leaves ; in this
she was at the opera, when an Austrian officer
stared at her, and at it in so offensive a manner
that her husband took such notice of his conduct
as compelled him to desist."
It is obviously impossible that Austria can
reduce her army till she can learn to govern
through and for the people, instead of against
them and for the POPE and the HAPSBURGS.
With modifications the same may be said of all
the German and Italian despots, The Empire
in France, of course, rests upon suppressed or
banished intelligence and a fettered Press, and
upon an omnipotent army. Nothing, however,
is more objectionable to Mr. COBDEN than Eng-
lish intervention on behalf of the peoples. He
must, however, chose his altornati ve—costly
standing armies both here and abroad, or Go-
vernment by and for the people on the omitinent.
Ho can only get rid of the " Protection " of
standing armies by universal " Free Trade " in
Government.

We would once more impress on fisc-d and ;Ito
notary refcaniers the vast importance of 4:urnitty
the interval that must elapse before the ineet.ing
of Parliament to profitable account. Should they
appear lukewarm or indifferent the income tax
will be maintained in all its oppressive iuequality,
and the Old Lady of Threadneedle street wilt
' e-mtinue to paralyse the industrial energies of the
country. No concession will be made in either
case, unless it be enforced by the earnest pressure
from without. We shall still find the hard-working

professional man, clerk, or tradesman, who earns

his day bread :t.)3r his lablur, charged as