The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-02 00:00:00

Lord DERBY, with all his splendid talents, is him-
self deeply prejudiced on Church matters, and that

Across Piedmont, across Lombardy—Parma—
Modena—Tuscany—the JEmilian. Provinces—be-
yond the Neapolitan frontiers—southwards to the
Abruzzi—across Calabria—beyond the Straits of
Messina—throughout Sicily, at Turin, at Milan, at
Florence, at Naples, at Palermo, there flutters at this
moment from all the conspicuous watchtowers of
the Italian nation that tricoloured token and type
for Italy of her Unity and her Independence. The
work is already, we have said, more than half
achieved—shall it not now be fully and perfectly
accomplished ? Whether the Crown shall or shall
not be put to the task of its accomplishment rests,
we believe in our hearts, with the Italians them-
selves—but especially with the Chiefs of the Ita-
lians—above all, with the accord of the three fore-
most men of the nation—with the Soldier of Italy,
the Statesman, and the Sovereign—with GARI-
BALDI, CAVOUR, and VICTOR EMANNUEL. Those
who shall breed strife in the councils of these three
are the deadliest foes of Italian Unity and Italian
Independence. As for the three chiefs of men
themselves—they should aim now principally at
the most generous mutual concessions. The paths
they have until now trodden have hitherto run
parallel to each other—and have thereby made one
broad and noble highway for the Italian race to
traverse in its rapid and uninterrupted advance
towards the final goal of the national Independence.
The disastrous interruption of their triumphal
march together along those heretofore parallel
paths can commence only from the point of their
divergence!

L A 'T E S

he wished to please the High Church Bishops.
1
To the reason, or rather pretext, assigned there
are two objections. The case adverted to would
not, as we conceive, touch the colonial question.
The issue to be decided on appeal to the Lords, is
whether persons, leaving England to marry in a
State where the marriages prohibited here are law-
ful, can sustain their legality in England. But the

point between the colonists and the Government is
whether their laws on the subject must be
identical with those of the mother-country.

They desire to be a State in which

such marriages are lawful; which surely has not,
fairly, anything to do with the legal question
whether resorting to other countries to evade the

prohibitions of an English Act of Parliament enables
the parties really to get free from its penalties. To
us it appears the very shallowest of pretences, and
we wonder Lord STANLEY was not ashamed to be
the channel of its transmission to the colonists ; and
to allege this irrelevant issue as a reason for advis-
ing the QUEEN to do what she is never advised to at
home—to exercise her veto on a bill which has
passed the two houses.
But this includes, indeed, the second objection—

that England certainly intended, in giving her
colonies constitutions, to make them entirely inde-
pendent in regard to their own internal manage-
ment. Now, we cannot conceive how diversity of
views, and legislation on the degrees of affinity and
consanguinity, within which marriage is permitted,
can be other than an affair of any community
which forms, like a colony, a social whole.
There is no State Church in South Australia ; and
the vast majority of Colonists, are, we believe, Dis-
senters. They have a Bishop, who of course
acted the same part as Bishops, with some honour-
able exceptions, do here ; at least as well
as his position enabled him. He could not vote,
but he could, and did, petition for enforcing the
Canon of his Church on those who utterly repudiate
it as sheer superstition. But he was the only
petitioner ! Not one even of his clergy joined
him. But all would not avail. The colonists
this year, and after the election of a new
Parliament, have passed again the Bill of
1858, and it is now, we presume, in the hands of
her MAJESTY'S Ministers ; since we have the ac-
count of its finally passing both Houses on the 21st
of July. We hope the present Government, the
more liberal character of which was several
times adverted to in the colonial debate, will not
imitate its predecessors. Its leaders have avowed
themselves favourable to the abolition of the re-
striction in this country; the Premier has done so
in very strong language, even speaking of these mar-
riages as desirable. But over and above the special
grounds, it would be strange, indeed, if we could
not trust a Liberal Ministry to put the most
liberal construction on the rights of the colo-
nists. The QUEEN might quite as reasonably
have interposed to prohibit vote by ballot and
universal suffrage, or what there is tantamount to
it, as to prohibit the colonists marrying according
to their own conceptions of what is proper and
advantageous. As to the validity of such mar-
riages in this country, it were surely but due to
colonial legislative independence to regard them,
in this respect, in the light of those countries where
such marriages are legal. We never deny the validity
of marriages which are contracted there between
natives or naturalised persons. Let the same rule
apply to South Australia, or to any other colony
which passes similar acts, so long as our law remains
unaltered. Between persons who become bonafide
citizens of the colony, the marriage should be hold
in our courts as a marriage would between two
persons in the same relation, citizens of Altona.
This question, then, raises a very important point
as to the independence of the legislation of our
numerous, intelligent, and hereafter to become
powerful colonies, and it is much to be desired that
the inhabitants of South Australia will, temperately,
yet decisively, assert their reasonable and constitu-
tional privileges.

The legislative rights of the colonies are about to '
be tested by a question we have not unfrequently
discussed in our columns, the Amendment of the
v9lArriage. taw. There is now, so far as we are
aware, but one point on which the community
feels much solicitude in regard to the present state
of the law, in which the House of Lords, or
rather we may say the House of Bishops, resists
its declared wishes. Repeatedly, and by increasing
numbers, the constitutional representatives of the
nation have affirmed the desirableness of legalising
marriage with a deceased wife's sister; but the Lords,
at the instance of its most High Church bishops,
have, though by decreasing numbers, rejected the
bill. The true position of the question, now,
in England is the Bishops of EXETER and
OXFORD, with some aid from Tory partizanship
and from antiquated bigotry, versus the genuine
Protestantism, the liberality, the intelligence;
we may add the morality and religion of the
country. For the fact is undisputed, that per-
sons of the best character for religion and morality
frequently contraet these marriages, and the mass
of the community encourage and approve.

Adriatic.

In making these remarks we are not speaking at
random. The Marriage Bill has been before
the House of Lords four times ; and the following
table will show that not only the lay opposition,
but that of the Bishops' also, has each expressed
itself by diminishing majorities :-
1851. 1856. 1858. 1859.
Tho vote against the bill was, 50 43 46 49
The vote for the Bill, l6 19 22 39
Bishops against the bill
Bishops for the bill 1 4
Number of Lay Peers against, 39 31 39 41

proclamations.

Majority against, without the
Bishops ..
So that the majority of hereditary Peers against
the bill in 1859 was only 6.
In regard to the other point, those great Christian
bodies in England who are not fettered by
the canons of the Chureh, are unanimous in de-
manding the repeal of the present law ; and it will
not be pretended, even by their opponents, that the
great Nonconformist Churches of the country, so
large a part of them the descendants of the ancient
Puritans, and all of them disposed to press the very
letter of scripture to the utmost, are not classes of
men distinguished for morality and religion. The
same fact is apparent in the petitions which
have been presented to Parliament. We
will not now advert to the vastly greater
number in favour of repeal of the restrictive law,
but to the character of the petitions ; we will refer,
too, only to the last returns, those for this year,
because they show the present state of feeling
among the class whom no perversity or bigotry
could deem capable of sanctioning anything morally
and socially objectionable.
In the returns of public petitions for the 15th of
August this year, we find a long list indeed—five
hundred and two petitions-113 of them from corpo-
rations and other public bodies in the boroughs and
towns of England, some signed officially, with the
common seal; some including a considerable number
of the inhabitants, very few indeed wanting the
signature of the Mayor, or of the Aldermen, or other
heads of the town. The number of the signatures
amounts to 49,499. It is .not on the large
number, however, that we lay stress. Their
character is the point. We affirm, and
we defy contradiction—that a law which
pretends to stigmatise as immoral, what such a
number, of such a class of Englishmen, pronounced
by the fact of their petitions to be moral, is itself a
bad and immoral law. If the moral judgments of
the elite of the burgesses of England are not to be
trusted in a matter of legislation, we know not to
what standard we can appeal. Obviously no law
can persuade men of the guilt of an act to whose
innocence, to whose desirableness, indeed, in so
many cases, the most respectable persons in the
kingdom testify by thousands. Were we indeed
amongst the doubters or opponents of the morality
of the marriages in question, we should, as advo-
cates of religious liberty, protest against forcing
our standard of morality on others. Enough to
obey ourselves our own scruples and convictions;
but it is neither in scripture nor in reason that we
should judge another man's liberty, and especially
it is not for us to enforce our scruples on others by
fearful civil penalties—just because we could secure
the votes of a few bishops, in a house too where half
the worshippers of England are unrepresented.
While such is the position of the question in
England, one of our legislatively independent colo-
nies takes it up on its own account. Two years
ago the colony of South Australia passed an Act to
legalise the marriages under discussion. So far as
we can understand, and tho colonial debates seem
to sustain this view, the colony of South Australia
is not bound by the Act of 1835, and it must there-
fore be amenable only to the old state of the law by
which such marriages were voidable during the life
of both parties by proceedings in an ecclesiastical
court. There are, however, no ecclesiastical courts,
indeed, no State Church in South Australia, and
while, therefore, the law remains as it is, the
penalties of the Act of 1835 would be operative
only if the parties returned to Euglaud. Be this
as it may, a Colonial Act was passed in 1858,
by which marriage with a deceased wife's
sister was definitively made legal in the
colony. The Governor reserved his assent
till the Act had been laid before her M tJESTY—
that is before the Government of the day. Unhap-
pily for the Australians, the party with whom the
majority of the Bishops vote, Lord DERBY'S, was
then in power. And, as might,be expected, a pre-
text was found for not giving the QUEEN'S
sanction to the Act. The pretext was, that a case
was peading in the law courts here, the decision on
twhhei which wt o urrl dh
esettle t
rhee question a
son
as
ce
rot
af thely legality of
that

ACCIDENT TO THE PRINCE CONSORT.

On the return of the Prince Consort to Coburg
yesterday, the Ist inst., from shooting, the horses
of his carriage ran away.
His Royal Highness jumped out, but has not
been hurt beyond a scratch on his face.

His Excellency the Brazilian Minister, Madame
de Carvalho Moreira, and family have returned to Caven-
dish•square from the Isle of Wight.
His Excellency the Danish Minister has left
-Upper Brook-street from Brussels en conge. Captain de
Talbe, secretary of legation, acts as charge d' affairee
during the absence of his excellency.

The Duchess (Dowager) of Cleveland was, up to
a late hour last evening, in a very weak state, and we are
sorry to say no hopes are entertained of her ultimate re-
covery.
The Marquis of Lansdowne is expected to arrive
at Lansdowne House to-morrow from Bowood Park,
Wilts. The Earl and Countess of Shelburne will also come
to town to-morrow. _ _

The marriage of Lady Mary Petty Fitzmaurice,
only child of the late Earl of Kerry and the Countess of
Kerry, and granddaughter of the Marquis of Lansdowne,
with Colonel the Hon. Percy Herbert, M.P., brother of
the Earl of Powis, and heir presumptive to the earldom, is
appointed to be solemnised on Thursday next.
VISIT OF PRINCE NAPOLEON TO MILFORD HAVEN.
—His Imperial Majesty's screw steam yacht Jerome Bona-
parte arrived at Milford Haven at about 1 o'clock, p.m. on
Saturday last, with his Royal Highness Prince Napoleon
and suite on board. Immediately on arrival a report was
spread that the Prince was not on board, but would arrive
by the express train at 6.30 p.m. By this ruse his Royal
Highness walked quietly about with his suite, unattended
by any crowd. At about 6 o'clock he entered his little
screw steamer and returned onboard the vessel. This tiny
craft appears to be a most convenient one, it is furnished
with two screws, is about 35 feet long, and goes at a great
pace. Moreover, it only requires a couple of hands besides
the engineer, which might make it a means of saving much
useless labour to boats' crews throughout our steam navy.
His Royal Highness purchased it at Holyhead last Septem-
ber from Mr. Rigby, The Jerome Bonaparte sailed for
Bristol on the same evening.
THE DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND THE
SEAFARING POPULATION.—The Duke of Northumberland
has handed £lOO to the Seamen's Benevolent Societies in
North Shields, to assist them out of the difficulties occa-
sioned by the unexpected and severe losses during the
Whitsuntide gales of this year. Mr. Glaisher, of the Royal
Observatory, and the agents to the Duke of Northumberland,
have just completed the establishment of barometer stations
at all the principal ports, creeks, and headlands on the
Northumberland coast. His Grace having arranged with
the Meteorological Society that instruments of first-rate
quality should be placed for the use of the fishermen and
seamen at those stations, to warn them of impending s
Mr. Glaisher has been instructing the fishermen in the u..,
of the barometer and other instruments, and the men have
expressed great gratitude to Mr. Glaisher and the Duke for
the very great interest they have taken in their welfare.
During the past month a new lifeboat has been placed at
Newbiggen by the Royal Lifeboat Society, and through
the instrumentality of the Duke. His Grace has also in-
timated his intention to endow a church for the use of the
seafaring population adjoining the Tyne Sailors' Home ;
also churches in the fishing village of Cullercoats, is the
sea-coast village and bathing-place of Tynemouth, and ad-
jacent to the Northumberland Dock, on the river Tyne.
BORN A MAN, DIED A GROCER.—A grocer's ap-
t/Tithe°, a fine young man, of 26, named Arseno, who loved
literature neither wisely nor well, lately hung himself in his
master's house, in Paris. Upon his table, amid heap of books,:
was found the following letter, the orthography of which
was not on a par with the style :—" I am but a grocer and
shall never be anything else. I always think of that cari-
cature representing a grocer standing on the threshold of his
door, and making this reflection, Born to be ,a man and
condemned to become a grocer.' lie who thus judged our
calling was in the right. For many years I have tried to
improve my mind ; I have read, and even copied out, books
which I don't understand. All this muddles my head, and
I find that I be, onie more and more stupid every day. The
longer I live the worse I shall be. Now, I remember to
anything but to weigh cheese and dried plums, I
have read somewhere that a man should apply his intelli-
gence to be useful to humanity, and as I see 1 shall never
be fit for
have made up my minot to go to another world which I have
heard of, and see whether there may not be a place for me
.there. I ask pardon of my brethren for speaking in this
disparaging way of our common profession ; but I defy theta
to. point out a single instance of a grocer having ever made
his way to a higher position. There are plenty of manu-
facturers who become deputies and are decorated and
leaded with all sorts of honours, but the like has never
happened to a grocer. For these reasons I have determined
to hang myself. I beg my parents to erect a simple tomb-
stone to my memory, and to inscribe upon it these words,
o' Born to be a maz ; died a grocer."

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1860

E w h.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

ROME, SEPT. 28, EVENING
(VIA MARSEILLES).

A secret Consistory of Cardinals was held to-day.
The Pope delivered an allocution, concerning which
nothing is yet known.
A long conference between Cardinal Antonelli
and the French Ambassador took place to-day.

The only provinces still under the Papal Govern-
ment are Civita Vecchia, Frosinone, and Velletri.
It is said that the Papal Government has given
up the idea of defending the two latter against the
Sardinians should they pass through them to pro-
ceed to Naples. _

The head-quarters of the Sardinian army will be
at Aquilla, the officers of the commissariat having
already arrived there.

MARSEILLES, OCT. 2.

The Journal of Naples, received here, states that
out of 900 Garibaldians who defended Cajazzo 100
only escaped by swimming across the river.

'
The citadel of Messina reopened fire upon the
city on the 24th ult., in order, it was said, to secure
the supply of provisions.

PARIS, OCT. 1.

M. Thouvenel tendered his resignation to the
Emperor while at Ajaccio, insisting that a more
efficacious protection should be granted to the Pope.
Since the return of the Emperor and the reply
given to the Duke de Cadore, M. Thouvenel las
withdrawn his resignation.

TURIN, OCT. 1

King Victor Emmanuel will pass the night at
Forli, and will leave to-morrow for Ravenna, where
his Majesty will embark for Ancona.
The conditions of the capitulation of Ancona are
not yet known at Turin.

The Sardinians found 140 cannon and 700,000
Ln the fortress.

Letters from Naples to the 27th ult., state that
the new Ministry formed by Garibaldi comprises
Signori Bianco, Guira, and Ferrioni.
The deputation from Sicily has arrived at Turin.

PARIS, MONDAY EVENING

The Patrie announces that further armaments
have been ordered at the Austrian ports in the

The same paper says :—" It is said that the King
of Sardinia, after having visited Ancona, will pro-
ceed towards the Neapolitan frontier."
The Pays publishes the same news, and adds :

"It is also said that three Sardinian divgsions are
about to enter the kingdom of Naples."

VIENNA, OcT. 1.

Numerous arrests have taken place in Hungary
on account of the dissemination of revolutionary

The military classes of 1840.39-38-37-36, com-
prising young men of the ago of 16 years, have
been called to service. The levy will terminate on
the 31st of December next.

TRIES FE, OCT. 1.

According to advices received here, the com-
mander-in-chief of the French troops at Beyrout
has declared to Fuad Pasha that he had received
orders from Paris to place himself at his disposal,
and to act according to the instructions agreed upon
on the 10th ult. at Constantinople between the
Porte and the foreign representatives.
These instructions states that the European Com-
' mission of Inquiry could not claim any legislative
or executive powers, the same being exclusively re-
served to the Extraordinary Commissioner of the
Sultan.