The Sun.
London, England, 1856-05-19 00:00:00

THE BATH MEETING.

The movements during the ensuing seven days will be
calculated to sastain to the utmost the interest and
.curiosity which centre in the all-iinporta‘nt racing event
of the year. -Already the demonstirations for and against
certain horses become more frequent and determined,
and are marked with a deeper .signifieanee. 'AlthoUgh
it is not probable that we shall witness such havoo in
the ranks of the favourites as was ma;de lalt year, or
such wholesale knockings out a; in 's4,:yet daring the
meeting at Bath operations are likely to be made; which
will he followed up with good effect in London. These
expectations gire an additional interest to the gathering
on the heights of Lansdown, and will induce turfites to
muster in greater force than the character and quantity
of the racing would justify. Still it must not-be ima-
gined that the programme is devoid of interest, for, on
the contrary, it possesses many items which will com-
mand-marked attention. The handicapper has, howeve-,
done his' best to counteract the efforts of the committee
to procure a good supply of sPert and large fields. The
style in which the imposts have been adjusted for the
Sotnersetehire Stakes forms the clumsiest specimen of
the art pf handicapping, and has rendered the principal
event of the meeting a failure.
Per the Landown Handican 17 are weighted. New
Brighton heads the list at Bst 71b, but it is likely thathis
weicht will be raiser] to Bst 121 b, and the others in pro.
portion. Sir Rowland Trenchard, Claret, and Curious
seem likely to fill the foremost places, the young 'un,
perhaps, being most worthy of confidence.
The• Biennial So.kes is likely to introduce us to some
two-yr-olds at .present unknown to fame. Of several I
have received the most satisfactory reports, but as I pre-
fer public performers to dark animals I shall select Lam-
bourn and Western Power. The latter. has an allow-
.ance of 31bs.

A rumour is in circulation to the effect that Roger-
thorpe will be brought out for the Biennial Stakes for
three-yr-olds. Should this rumour be founded on truth.
considerable interest will be excited. Coroner, too, who
won this stake last year after a slashing set-to with
Stork, is also likely to figure amongst the competitors.
Stork, who seems to have recovered from the effects
of the injuries which he received during the fire on Wed-
nesday last, will also put in an appearance. He, how-
ever, seems to have had so much knocking about yester-
day that he is doubtless by this time somewhat stale.
With a start, therefore, I shall stand The Coroner.
If I had no doubts as to Alonz fs staying powers, the
comparative lightness of his weight for the Somerset-
shire Stakes would induce me to prefer his chance to
that of any of his opponents. I, however, scarcely be-
lieve that he will be capable of getting home. Poodle
will certainly run through, and will not be far off the
leading horses at the fini-h. Of Mr. Stanley's three I
prefer Mishap. Diego and Derwentwater are the best
" in" of the three-year-olds. The winner will, I
anticipate, be either POODLE or DIEGO.
I scarcely know which to select for the Members'
Plate. Domino, badly as he has cut up of late, and Old
Rowley, may be the best to stand on. For the Dyrham
Park Plate I shall select Jack Sheppard, Diana, and
Omer Pacha.

Black Tomthy has been much talked about in connec-
tion with the 'Weston Stakes, and great things are evi-
dently expected of him. Should any mistake, however,
be made with him, I shall expect either M. D. or
Madame Cliquot to be the winner.
Speed the Plough, Challow Boy, and Furioso are my
fancies for the Bath Handicap.

Not Withstanding the " nibbling" which is occasionally
made at Fly-by-Night, the opinion that Fazzoletto
will be the trusted representative of the Whitewall
stable is evidently strengthened. On Saturday the horse
was spiritedly supported, and I am inclined to believe
that the outlays which have been made upon him will
not prove unprofitable. Soon after the race for the Two
Thousand, I expressed my belief that Fazzoletto would
be as good a favourite as Wentworth on or before the
day, and I am not likely to be far out in my reckoning.
As to Fazzaletto's reported lameness his backers need
not be discouraged. Ever since the horse has been in
training he has invariably pulled up lame, and the cause
of his limping may be traced to a rheumatic affection.
Wentworth maintains his pride of place in the betting
with considerable steadiness. Vandermulin has been
hotly peppered, and his opponents seemed to have good
cause for their hostility. The Coroner is rapid y ad-
vancing into high favour, but until I see him " perform"
at Bath I shall not express my opinion on his Derby
chance.
May 19. A FRESH MAN.

MALTON, MONDAY.
The following horses left here this morning for Lea-
tb ead

• Grmcolus Esurienv, Vindex, Vandal, Bracken, For-
bidden Fruit; Victlria, Comedy, Louvat, and Warlock.

Sporting Intelligence.

TATTERSALL'S. -SATURD AS.

Although notice was given that the Room would be
opened this afternoon for the despatch of linsiness, the
attendance was not numerous, nor was much progress
made in the settlement of the Shrewsbury and Manches-
ter accounts.
At intervals some Derby betting took place, but there
was a remarkable lack of spirit ; the proceedings, how-
ever, were altogether devoid of interest.
The principal bets were 500 to 200 agst Wentworth,
taken-1200 to 100 arg,t Fazz iletto, taken-1200 to 100
agst Fiy-by-Night, taken and offered-5000 to 250 ag-t
Vandermulin, taken ; subsequently 750 to 30 was laid
Astrologus was in some demand at 1000 to 10 ; towards
the close 1000 to 15 was taken--400 to 100 was booked
three or four times a')out Scot's " lot."

CLOSING PRICES.
THE DERBY.
sto 2 agst Wentworth (take)
6to 1 agst Fazzoletto (taken)
6to 1 agst Canuobie (take 7 to 1)
12 to 1 agst Artillery (taken)
100 to 8 agst Flv-by-Nig,ht (taken)
16 to 1 agst Yellow Jack
1000 to 60 agst Rogerthorpe (offered)
17 to 1 ag-t Prince (taken)
20 to 1 agst Coroner
25 to 1 ag4 Vandermulin (taken)
1000 to 20 agst Barbartna Colt (taken)
1000 to 15 agst Astrologos (taken)
1000 to 10 agst The British Lion (taken)
500 to 4 agst Pretty Boy (taken)
4to 1 agst Scott's lot (taken)

100 to 10 was betted on thefollowing twenty :—Went-
worth, Fazzoletto, Canrrobie, Artillery, Fly-by-Night,
Yellow Jack, Rotherthorpe, Prince, Coroner, Mr. Ver•
dant Green, Vanderinulin, Bird-in-Hand, Newington,
Ellington, Sul;ar Plum, Leamington, Barbarina colt,
Peter Wilkins, Port) Rico, and British Lion.

DERBY AND OAKS.—YODATT WM. GRAY, after a close
search, has discovered the right " Pea" for the Derby.
The most experienced sporting men have been puzzled
by the tricks played on the Derby. Two of the most
talented " playmen " on the turf have been employed to
work the oracle, and have succeeded. Well, I have dis-
covered the move; nothing but accident can prevent my
patrons winning a heavy stake by taking the double
event. Terms, ss. ; to Goodwood, IL ls. Subscribers
are particularly requested to enclose a good supply of
directed envelopes. Address, 15 Charing cross.

THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL SERVICE.-Dr. Greeves has
carried a motion in the Melbourne Council to consider
the propriety of immediately establishing a line of steam-
ers between Melbourne and Point de Galle, or Mauri-
tius, for postal purposes. It is stated the grand impedi-
ment in the way of steam communication is the want of
united action. The British Government, the Peninsular
ar.d Oriental Company, and the six Australasian colonies
have all different views, and different interests, which it
seems almost impossible to reconcile, and therefore they
say the only plan is for one colony to take the initiative,
and, in the first instance performing the service, after-
wards arranging with the other colonies to receive from
them a proportion of the subsidy. It is estimated that
three steamers can be purchased for about 20,0001. each,
in all 60,0001.; these could be worked for on an average of
about 3,0001. per month, say 108,0001. per annum. The
revenue, therefore, is calculated as follows :—Subsidy by
the Victoria government, 50.0001. ; postage of letters
and newspapers, 50,000/ , and profits oe passengers and
freight say 10,0001., making a total of 110,0001. It is
agreed in Melbourne that the route by Point de Galle or
Mauritius is the most advantageous, and, compared with
that via Singapore, is said to he seven days shorter.—
Australian. and New Zealand Gazette.
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JUVENILE CRThf IN.A LS I?EPOR2YATORIES: AND
THE JILANS OP REN DLRI Nil THE PERISH-
- INO AND DA NW:R.(IM CLASSES SERVICE•
ABLE TO TLI STATE, .• . .

Mr. Joseph Adsheaci, of Manchester, author of "
sons and FriSoners,"' hats wi l ih -the last few days
published the paper he recently read to the Wanchester
Statistical Society on the ve.4.important subject of juve-
nile Criminality. Mr. Aclshead basdevoted many years
of hi 4 life to great and benevolent oljects, and-the city of
Mandbeeter is indebted' to tlitn fer'hisuntiling interest
in all its.institutionse;tabradd for Llsketiing the arriount
of human woe. e
The Paper no a, submitted; to the ipublicideals.
pally with the sti4l difficillt social e.rnbrein,
T "What to
he done with juvenile delinqn'ents r2and -Nr..A.dshed
,r 1 leavours to awaken natiotial,attentinn to Ore cii.,=covery
.1 an effective.plan, combining-the twufeld object, preven-
tion of crime and refermation of the offender. "In
%isiting our gaols at tbe-preent day;". be says, "it is
pitiable to übserve children of nine yetai-s of agn.and up-
wards immured in the prison cell:.;.! To the-inquiry,
what had brought them into
,such a position ? the an.
ewer would probably be, parental neglect, a,dissolute
father, or an abaidened mother ; the destitution of
iceds in many cases the Want of one or, both parents;
in others, ill-treatment by stepfather's orstep-inothere, by
whom, a preference is often shown for their own children.
The hapless condition of juvenile oftnders is painfully
depmted'by the late Mr. E. Rushton, stipendiary magi•
-trate of .Liverpool:---e'"Born for the meat in misery
frinfateornfr
infancy, destitute
sltit:ftteen tialiskecuflazd to c,,it
oral
7inStp.e
instruction and
physical
'l
want, often instructed to p;rpetrate ofynnes. by theireer
ia parents or cctitarens, coupe led to en" tire bunger
steal—what chance has a child under such circumstance,
to be
-honest ?, A child
,so neglected bectitnes a thief--
is detected and cast into prison ; •he theta escapes from
the constraint of a bad' parent and wicked compa-
nions, and'passes into thd custoll of the officers of jus-
tice. He ,is brought into a court, the forins of the law
are complied with, and, whilst'. the infant offender is
gazng with wonder at the strange scene, an offence is
proved against him, and the loalice 'seal* him to pri-
L son. , Amidst a crowd of the gate Apa of
all ages the poor child is transferred to a gaol, either
under a summary conviction, or to Await his trial
amidst a mass of wickedness and depravity which vir-
tuous and educated people shudder to contemplate."
On the social characteri-tics of juvenile delinquents
he refers to the cases of 54 juvenile offenders which came
under the notice, during twelve months, of the Rev.
Mr. Clay, chaplain of Preston House of Correction,
who has furnished many interesting details and statisti-
cal tables on criminal jurisprudence. "A careful pe-
rusal of fifty-four narratives," observes Mr. Clay, "has
suggested a classification of the earliest causes from the
operation of which the start has been given to an after-
course of evil :

Per cent.
Instances. on the whole.
1. Early loss of ono or both parents 3 5.5
2. Having unkind step-parents
(chiefly fathers)
3. Running away from, or leaving,
home at an early age 3 5.5
4. Having in themselves a tendency
to evil, the parents being re-
spectable
5. Having ignorant and negligent
parents
6. Having drunken fathers
7. Having drunken and brutal
fathers
" The child neglected or outraged at home soon finds
in the streets or fields companions in misery and idle-
ness. Petty thefts are veni erred on, bolder ones planned
and effected ; there arises the inclination for debasing
excite neat, and it is plentifully supplied by low theatres
and singing-rooms ; there the use of the pawn-shop is
learned and never forgotten. As manhood succeeds
youth grosser indulgences are sought, and play-houses
and singing-rooms are exchanged for ale-houses, brothels,
and beer-shops." The Rev. J. P. O'Leary, chaplai❑ of
the Manchester City Gaol, supports Mr. Clay in his
views. " What resource has a lad without parents, or
what is perhaps worse, with drunken and vicious ones,
a wretched home, and pi envious subsistence,--what
refuge is open to such an one but a prison ?" The evi-
dence of Mr. Matthew Davenport Hill, the late Sergeant
Adams, and a recent Parkhurst Prison report, with the
testimony of prison inspectors and philanthropists in all
parts of the kingdom, show from personal experience
and statistics that juvenile criminals, with few excep-
tions, are without ccnnexions, or at least any from
whom whom they could be expected to derive benefit.
Mr. Adshead has gathered much important informa-
tion as to the extent of juvenile delinquency. Years
ago 30,000 naked, filthy, roaming, lawless children were
allowed to rue riot in the metropolis alone ; whilst at
least 100,000 of this class of destitute and neglected
children wander about the country obtaining support by
no other means than pillage on the industrial commu-
nity. Mr. Redgrave, of the Home-office, shows that
juveniles, aged 15 pars and under 20, form not quite
one-tenth of the population, but that they are guilty of
nearly one fourth of its crime.
Mr. Adshea•-1 devotes several pages of his pamphlet
to a history of the organised efforts on behalf of "the
perishing and dangerous classes," for more than half a
century. "Better days, however," he adds, "seem
dawning upon them. Notwithstanding the various poli-
tical topics which now agitate the public mind, at no
period during the present century has prevailed so exten-
sively as at present a benevolent interest in behalf of
those classes, or a conviction of the value and importance
of reformatory institutions. ' Scarcely a newspaper can
be taken up which does not contain some reference to
the subject. As, therefore, the current of public feeling
has so strongly taken this direction, it is most important
that it should be guided aright, and particularly that
such measures may be adopted as will prevent profligate
parents from ridding themselves of their responsibilities,
and by neglect or direct encouragement in crime, casting
their children upon the benevolence of the community,
or the protection of the State.

3 5.5

4 7.4

"More has been done within the last seven years for
the advancement of the question before us than for tae
previous half century. From a return obtained by Mr.
11,1ile-, it appears that ten institutions had been certified
iu England under the provisions of 17 and 18 Vict., cap.
86, viz.—one each in Cumberland Devonshire, Leices-
tershire, and Northumberland ; three in Gloucestershire,
and two in Wareiekshire. The return ale() states that
ten reformatories in Sc oland had been certified under the
provisions of 17 and 18 Vict., cap. 74, and the limited
accommodation provided in England and Scotland was
for 1,158 boys and for 1,533 girls. How much has still
to be done to meet the necessities of the case !"
The following certified reformatories, established in
England urr!er the provisions of the act 17 and 18
Viet., cap. 80, receive the Treasury allowance of ss. per
week for the maintenance of each inmate :-
1. Bradwell Reformatory School, near Sandback,
Cheshire.
2. Berks Reformatory School, Berks.
3. Cumberland Reformatory School, Cumberland.
4. Devon and Exeter Reformatory Farm School,
Devon.
5. Bingswood Reformatory, Gloucester.
6. Hardwick Reformatory, Gloucester.
7. Red Lodge Girls Reformatory, Gloucester.
8. Hampshire Reformatory, Hants.
9. Liverpoool " Abkar Hulk" Reformatory, Lanca-
shire.
10. Leicestershire Juvenile Reformatory, Leicester.
11. Catholic Reformatory, Middlesex.
12. Home-in-the-East Reformatory, Bow, Middlesex.
13. Buxton Juvenile Reformatory Institution, Norfolk.
14. Northamptonshire Society's Reformatory School,
Northampton.
15. Newcastle Reformatory School, Northumberland.
16. Sa,ltley Reformat iry, Warwick.
17. Birmingham Girls' Reformatory, Warwick.
18. Stoke Farm Reformatory, Worcester.
19. Calder Farm School, York.
Mr. Adshead informs us that in Berkshire, Cheshire,
Dorsetshire, Hampshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Bedford, and
Essex some advance has been made. In about 20 of
the counties of England public meetings of magistrates
and others friendly to the cause of juvenile reformation
have been held. Middlesex has obtained a special act,
and under its provisions the magistrates have purchased
130 acres of land, at 301. per acre, about two miles from
the Watford Station on the South-Western Railway, and
are preparing plans for the erection of buildings upon
the most approved principle. The magistrates of the
West Riding of York are about to obtain au act for the
establishment of a juvenile reformatory in that extensive
district. Why should not South and North Lancashire
be amongst the counties moving in this important matter?
Mr. Adshead adverts also to the benevolent and un-
ostentatious plan of a gentleman in Cheshire, who pro-
poses to establish a reformatory for about 30 boys upon
his own estate— to erect a plain building near his house,
and to engage a bailiff, schoolmaster, and manager. He
intends to fill this domestic institution gradually, believ-
ing that the more it is made like a family, and the less
like a school, the more hope there is of its objects being
attained. He further proposes that the labour shall be
purely agricultural, "an occupation," he remarks, "the
most useful, innocent, and purifying," and he hopes to
be able to distribute the boys, when trained and re-
formed, amongst the farmers of the county.
Liverpool, as already shown, has adopted active mea-
sures in favour of reformatory institutions, and Man
chester has also followed in the benevolent cause, and an
institution on a large scale is proposed to be erected
without delay. It is intended that from six to eight
acres of land, suitably situated, be purchased. Buildings
are to be provided in the first instance for 40 boys, and,
if adequate means are found, to be increased to 100. As
a commencement more than 2,0001. have been promised
in donations to the building fund, and 1001. per annum
by one gentleman for two years, and subscriptions by
others, amounting to above 601, per annum, have also
been promised for general expenses. It is intended to
adopt the Mettray principle of family organisation as
the basis of operations, and to name the proposed este
blishment—" The Manchester and Salford Reforma-
tory."
The question of the reformatory treatment of criminals
has, however, yet to attain a eati-factory solution.
" Isolated experiments," Mr. Adshead remarks, " have
been made, partial legislation has been attempted, and is
already shown to requ;r4 considerable amendment,

• •
Whilst niimerons•Parliamentary inquiried hate been in-,1
stituted,,endienactspents passes!,
sitsveuiVe criminals have,
Strewn up by tholea.nds, have filled °imprisons, and' lie;
ceine olsi •in 'crfine. There' seems, -lio aever, at length
reason to hone that when agein,braught before Papp',
ment a coinprehen,ive view will b 3 taken pf -the, whole
subject, involving, as it necessarily will, not only the
treatment to hesejopted,-butsthe-ultimaterdestieation of
the persons reformed, without: detraeting froM the duty
and ialne of prisafe eff'rt. Surroundsilast vessareay
noble proofs of its efficiency, it may isercleCiarr.d., that
there are limits to its •capabi:itiss ;• the extensive
rprovi:,;
sian'clestinaided for: carrying out 4,l4efornatory systeni
for yoptbfpl ,ciiminalsis clearly beyopid the sc.spes..)f the :1
vOqint:,-ry principle; It is zi quest)en of poflcealas
: niottilS,, did iveltintitiy cantributiOns might as we E lien
•relleA ppon fsr mainsainiegetisetinsessteee of: wsetlal!ottsef);
prisoes a s 'for provitlisig the means- rsquired for suite
.portffig 'thets'ses of detention reformation for tile
•j'ver4ll:o--14'Iingurnt• - ,The o.nlYiati•ccitiaf source
veDpe for the purpose is the general. and local taxation
!of the cmintry. '
Mr.'Adeheeid concludes his•paper. with sonic .valesible
lreinarkii anal suggestions on the conk of punishment
;as compared 'with reformatory treatment, as also on, the
outlet :questinne or. .the. mode of. disposing of •juvenile
;criminals. "It is not easy to estimate the whole ex-
tent; of 'the 'cost to the CeminunitY, direcily and in-
directly, 'of: the. present • punishing :prcicess.• ,The -Rev.
:Mr,
~CiaTstates that the average imprisonment; 'qf each
offender hefUre 'transportation may 6J. taken at three.
years, ansd saes eirlierise of it at 651.; 'three yea.rs'pr•obt-
;tion in - eparate continemest at ,Plietlierst,,orspetbiic
;works, 50/ • removal to the colonies, 351.; tit's' 2001
-So that, when 3;000 sentences' or transportation are
passecl_in a. year, wesnay consider them tantamount to a
!notification to the public that a•last instalment i•f a sum
exceeding sterlinenis'about to be called for.
To be as precise as the nature of this inquiry will alto w, the
2,728 convicts under 31 years of age,to A'1:10M I have al ready
'alluded to as having run the career of juvenile crimina-
lity, represent a cost waste of 545,0001,! But let it be
re:nembered,that the felony of this kingdom (and,whe-.
ther juvenile or adult it belongs to this question to con-
sider : the :fact) is not ithainfaleed, While at large, for-
, nothing. Having inyestigatedln a oeneiderasble extent
the rates of income derived by thieves from their prac-
tices, and having obtained estimates of the same thing
from intelligent and experienced convicts themselves, I
believe myself to be within the real truth when I assume
such income to be more than 100/, a-year for each thief !
Well, then, allowing only two years' full practice to one
of the dangerous class preVious to his sentence of tran-
sportation, I do not know how the conclusion can he
escaped that, in one way or another, the easy, indifra-
rent, callous public has been, and is, mulcted to the
amount of more than a million sterling, by, and on ac-
count of, its criminals annually transported."
As regards the cost of reformatory treatment, the sum
expended in reforming a boy at Shelton-en-Dunmoor In-
stitution is set down at 12/. to 161. a-year ; or, having
regard to the whole average time demanded for a cure,
311.; the gross cost of a boss at Mettray ie 201. a-year,
and the total cost of each reformatioe 42/., the yearly
expenses being reduced by the average labour of each
boy, amounting to 81. a-year. The cost per inmate at
Redbill is 281 14s. per annum, from which Ale expected
that some reduction may be. made. It. would seem,
therefore, a fair deduction, to estimate the cost of pun-
ishment at from, four to fivefold more than the cost of
reformation. :

The outlet question Mr. Adshead properly considers
to be the gist of the whole matter. "Itis of little use
to hold public meetings, to appoint conitnittees' to pur-
chase land, or to erect buildings, unless there be some
defined mode of action, for the placing out or disPaiing
of those who are discharged from the reformatories."
Agricultural employment, emigration, the army, navy,
and our public works, are pointed out as suitable out-
lets ; but agricultural labour, as it is suggested, should
constitute tee chief mode of occupation, and Mr. Ads-
head is Of opinion that no " difficulty need be found,
under proper regulation, in the salutary and permanent
disposal of all young persons discharged from reforma-
tory institutions. If such institutions are established to
the extent required, and exercise, as they cannot fail to
do, a material influence in diminishing the number of
adult offenders, and in preventing the necessity for the
enlargement oigaols, an extensive reformatory appara-
tus, instead of that for punishment, will have to be pro-
vided, and adequate openings made for the class under
consideration.'