The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-01 00:00:00

GARIBALDI'S ARMY.

(From the ,Ve9aal Correspondent of the Times.)
CASRTA., :OCT. 22.
DeCidedly the denouement of• the third phase of.
the stiuggle for Italian independence is at hand,
and before,.perhaps, you get this letter it vrlll be
completed. Yesterday, the first . day of the ple-
biscite, a despatch came from Cialdini, dated Istx•-
nia.in ivhieh !c announces that he had gained a
victory over the Neapolitans before Isernimo The
despatch is very laconic.. It-ninfely- says :
" The' enemy has been defeated by me before
loit of 800 prisoners; 50 offors,
among thetri (ion: scotti, several cannon and colours.
Every.moment peasants armed by the Reaction
are brought in .who have committed horrors: 1
haye them shot."

testql42Y !another equally successful .engage-
ment, ,
took place near Venafro, and . this morning
King Victor Emmanuel has made his entry into
Isernia.

These events took place sooner than was; ei-
peCted. But evidently the Piedmontise were
anxious to come UP, and have made foree,d- marches
frOm Popoli and Sulmona._ According to the ac-
count of people come from Campobasso this morn-
fight before Isernia lasted three hours,.
and would have had even more complete results;
hed not tke exhaustion' by marching of the trooPS
prevented Cialdini• from- following up his sucteSs.
Of the second encounter we know not.,the exadt
spot wiftre it took plane, but according to all pro-
bability it must have been on the banks of the Vol-
turno, w4Aqh has to be croSsea' on the road fro
Isernia to Vena fro.
V7r;afro once pated, Cialdini is in the rear of all

the lines of communication between Gaeta and
Capua. He may. either film to the right towards
San Germanci;Antl'iiiass the ''Garigliano by Ponte-
corvo (a. I; artlof the. Papal territory), or else coma
down in one march of 20 miles on Calvi, which is the
centre of all lines of communication on the western

part of the Apennines,and just on the northern out-,1
skirts of the plain of the Volturno. lie will pro-
bably choose this latter road, which will bring him
nearer to the forces south of the Volturno, but
which ever 'he chooses be will.protably have to
meet once more the Neapolitan army, unless these.
latter resolve to' withdraw at once to their second line
Of defence, the Garigliano, leaving a small garrison
to hold out at Capua. From what we hear we ought
to Conclude that they will attempt some resistance'
before they withdraw, for there are still from 3,000
to 4,000 men in Cajazzof who would be cut off were
the army already withdrawn behind the Garigliano.
Capua itself. has been alniost denuded of troops ; so
has, with the exception of Cajazzo, the rest of the
line of the Upper Volturno. In consequence of all
this, proceedings at 'the front are almost eventless.
Only, when. one of our patrols, encouraged by the
inactivity on the side of Capua, pushes forward
'under the very walls of the fortress, do there come
signs which: show that Capua and its neighbour-
hood are not deserted. Nevertheless, yesterday being
-the first day of voting for the annexation, precau-
tions were taken in case there should be on the
part of the enemy an intention of disturbing the
process which is 'legally to deprive 'King Francis
f his kingdom and make- Italian unity almost a
reality. Inc, Trir
i As I told you long ago, as soon
,as the Pied-
atontesc crossed the frontier Garibaldi considered
his military task ended, and you will find that fro&
that time no offensive movement was made on our
si,de. On the 18th, nevertheless, the Medici Divi--
sion was sent forward towards La Valle, in front
of Nraddaloni, and this looked as if this division
w 1.0 sent to unite with . the Sonnaz Brigade, which
was expected in that direction, and then make a
joint operation against the Volturno, near or above
Cajazzo. The intentions in this respect have been
clianged, and the Medici Division returned the next
de;y and took up its quarters at Caserta. It received
neva day orders to return to St. Angelo and re-
lieve the Piedrnontese troops, Who were all to unite
at Madcialoni for a forward movement. According
to this, Garibaldi's whole force is to remain!on the
south side of the. Volturno, and the offensive move-
ments to be exclusively made by Piedmontese
troops, This is a• kind of compliment on the
part of Garibaldi, and not, as some might think,
another slap in the face of the Dictator; for
it if; but: fair to say that the commanders of
'the Piedmontese troops have paid their respects
to Garibaldi, informing him that their orders
were to place themselves unconditionally under
the orders of the Dictator, to be employed as he
thiiaks most •fit..

Nevertheless, I do not believe that Garibaldi has
any intention of making any operation whatever,
his presence being required with the King, who is
approaching. Much will depend upon their first
interview. There is no doubt that evil councillors
have shaken the confidence of Victor Emmanuel in
thee purity of Garibaldi's designs, but subsequent,
e ovnts must have made him see the error into which

he was led, and he must be anxious to heal the
wounds which his distrust has inflicted on the
frank but extremely sensitive nature of Garibaldi.
:For the last few days he has been, as it were,
making his Dictatorial testament—making those
last dispositions which he thinks necessary? pa;tly
to recompense those who have suffered, or distill-
gutished themselves during the war, and to have
those who have lost limbs or property by the war
provided for. _ _ _ _ _

As you will remember, the original few hundred
Cacciatori who remained after Calatafimi and Pa-
lermo became the nucleus of the first two Brigades,
Bixio and Eber. These Cacciatori represented, as it
were, the creme de la creme of the Volunteers, the
majority of them being educated youths—students,
engineers, lawyers, proprietOrs, &c:,. who, carried
away by the greatness of the enterprise and its
dangers, followed Garibaldi, regardless of all con-
sideration. It is matter of history how this small
band behaved, and, not unnaturally, very few of
them were inclined to separate, even for promotion's
sake, from their old compa,nions, with whom they
had trod the same path of Iltwour. They were like
so many groups, which in their turn were held toge-
ther by emulation.
Taus ail the students of Pavia were in one, those
of Bergamo in another battalion, those of Genoa
and Milan again in others. This clubbing together
was greatly favourable to the development of an
esprit de corps such as perhaps no other corps pos-
sesses in the South Italian army, but it was by no
means favourable to the promotion of these devoted
youths. In spite of all the care taken to reward
those who , had most merited it, there were not
officers' charges enough in these two brigades to
recompense all those who would have deserved it.
Numbers of youths Who have behaved splendidly
every time they were called upon, and who besides
by their education-were quite as capable of being
Officers as the boys who came out of the military
colleges of Ivrea and Novara, are still privates and
non-commissioned officers. It would have been the
greatest ingratitude to leave them so, and Garibaldi
has now raised all those who deserved it to the
rank of officers. Whether the Piedmontese War
Department will recognise these as well as the
moet
ovt
aheNtnetroe
trrpht rhi
this
stillmlp t
ootatil
noiyotbn wes hasad
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iomi s
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South
h
Another last disposition of Garibaldi is that the
families of all those fallen in battle, and those who
have suffered imprisonment or exile under the late
Government, should receive pensions from the State.
Further dispositions are to be made by the
Ministry of the 'lnterior, that all those who have
suffered by the inevitable consequences of war in
their property may be indemnified in proportion to
the damage they have sustained.
To recompense soldiers of En erit the national
domains are to be employed, and the property exist-

in in mortmain.
The British volunteers have 'had their baptism of