The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-24 00:00:00

BRI PIM BAGGAGE IN ST. P.IITERSBURP.

shirts,t theseheshookir peculiarities
orta;Notiovktpd,te.arngtasth.(upside°passed
etd TheyiT(
tniThey
ble
dnyyt had
Cashmereasuti
c,shnnrtteieope{ RI;
manuscript contents
contents, and mixture of their several ties, Suchpell-
mell,
hheu
ddauacts
hrostnwei
.Indal turningawyistndt:ifnierasotsogis:lrnTak,
higgledy-piggledy, helter-skelter, jerry-cum 7
tumble, butter upon bacon, topsy-turvy, muck, mess,
and muddle, I never saw in my life. There was a
villanous douanier, who held a bandbox under one arm,
and seemed desirous of emulating the popular hat
trick of Herr Dobler ; for he kept up a continual cascade
of gloves, collars, eau-de-Cologne bottles, combs, hair-
brushes, guide books, pincushions, and lace cuffs, till I
turned to look for the accomplice who was supplying
him with fresh bandbox° e Now, the Custom-house
officers of every nation I have yet travelled through
have a different manner of examining your luggage.
Your crusty, phlegmatic Englishman turas over • Ich
article separately, but carefully. Your stupid Belgian
rummages your trunk as if he were trying to catch a
lizard ; your courteous Frenchman either lightly turns up
your fine linen, as though he were making a lobster salad,
or, more frequently, if you tell him you have nothing to
declare, and are polite to him, just peepisdtlinlioleik::nlyseiiettsho,B)esttacanhookuinoetitlynaewhikngeetwesflouoan:rir
jykoetnnhveeee(teesr,diffr.r
of your portmanteau, and says, " C'est a, saz.” Your
sententious German ponders deeply over your trunk,
pokes his fat forefinger into the bosom of your dress
cletters, led
hats,
over, they held writing cases open, bottom upwards, and
They held up coats end shirts, and examined them like
seal and Ot r
i e d lookedt
read
natdo
tthheeii
rr
clothesmpeecntionT;hte,pyepnue:
furpciiun:tine:l
ass
their arras ; held boots by the tees, and shook
them ; opened betties, and closed them again with
wrong corks ; left the impress of their dirty hands upon
clean linen and virgin writing-papers ; crammed ladies'
under-garments into gentlemen's carpet-bags, e4c...d ti
bootjack into the little French actress's reticule, dropped
things underfoot, trade on them, tore them, and
laughed, spilt eau-de-Cologne, greased silk with Nina-
tutu, forced hinges. sprained lucks, ruined springs;
broke cigars, rumpled muslin, and raised a cloud of
puff-powder and dentifrice. And all this was don'',
perhaps not wantonly, perhaps only in ignorant
savagery, but with such a reckless want of thoeuctonm,„;
tannest care, with such a hideous vacarme of eh
lighti •
d rha,unes
I could view the scone in—besides the Schin e
screaming, trampling, and plunging, that the only
one—was in the improbable event of, and Mr.
i_, , I Mrs.i,io-
Keeley travelling through the country of the. -1-'
their theatrical wardrobe overhauled by
savages.—Rousehold Words.
flans falling into a
t hose col crgrow ii
Aigel;roic'• arebericale, and, ' having

The following observations are from t h
tleman who !las recently returned from. a
through the Australian eeloMee
arriving in Melboures or,e is par ;icularly struck
with the riFid strides of civi:;eetion wed the immense
improvements and progress 'dia.:. must !lave gene on
during the last two years in the b uildinees, paving, mak-
ing of roads, draining and beak g of the city. The
streets aro wide, well formed, and the Lenildings mostly
handsome shops and warehouses of /Ace none and brick,
which have almost entirely eupplantod the wretched
wooden and iron etructures of only thilee years since.
Already Melbourne can boast of its water and gaswork
companies, and railways, with the electric to legraph, are
rapidly
coursing the country. On landing film a vessel
in Hobson's Bay at Sandridge you now travel for a
shilling fare to the heart of Melbourne, a distant...) which
two years ago was traversed by very uncertain celevey.
antes for a sum Cniryilig fresui 10s. to 20e. The Mel-
bourne tied Geelong Railer--- wilt nrobably open before
the end of the
Year. Teat with Wittiatee own is. in pro-
gress of making, and for the ext -wive lines !endive; to the
river Murray districts arid goldfields surveys have been
made. The great drawback to these undertakin ;s is the
want of labour, not of that kind which caused sin a flow
of emigration three and four years since—as clerks,
drapers' assistants, and young men who haves never
handled a spade or tool in their lives, but bones and' sinew
are what is wanted—that class of labour, inde-d, which
would derive and produce the greatest benefit by its
emigration, and yet of that very' kind which is una We to
assist itself to it. How can a farm labourer or it evvY)
let his wages be taken at their highest, pay his pai sage
to the Antipodes ? it is often that he clan barely find lood
for his wife and children. The country is taxed by poor-
rates to find bread for those who cannot find it for,
themselves.
'When I left the colony of Victoria in June the com-
monest labour was receiving his re's. per day of eight
hours' work, this limit having been recently fixed as a'
day's labour; other and more skilled labour in propor-
thin, and many works were suspended, o wing not s., south
to the dearness of labour as its scarcity.
It may be urged that the expenses of living, &c., are
proportionate ; this, however, is not so. In Melbourne
a labourer need never be idle. Meat is eiheaper than in
England, potatoes the same, bread a trifle dearer, and a
cottage, such as few labourers of the class I especially
refer to have in this country, can be obtained, at from
t6los. per week.
How, then, can this supply of labour be obtained is a
question well worthy the attention Of kVA kin') and c°'
lonial Governments. Various suggestions pre.eeTit them- --
selves; and in the reduction of the arrny.wonld it not be
a worthy reward to the soldiers of our country, ,e ew we
require their services as such eio longer, to offer them
a tree passage to these colonies, where their pre, tango
would he welcomed, and to the industrious an he nest
independence secured ? To those paeishes heavily taxed
for poor-rates the subject is one I should think worth
attention, by trying this as a means relieving their
surplus labour, leaving those behind setter means of
providing for themselves.
The present system of emigration carried on by Go-
vernment is tedione incomplete, and, insttiad of facilita-
ting the object in view, throws so many in 'pediments in
the way that I venture to say one half o,' those who
apply for the forms in Park street, Westmineter, throve
up their intentions from the restrictions they are con.'
fined to, or inability to comply with the ,requisite
regulations, and hence the colonies are deprived of what
they are so urgent for, and our own country ,remains
burdened with taxation.

The progress of the mercantile community of'
bourne has been se regulirly reported in your p aper
as to scarcely require comment from me. After a
crisis and panic in 1854 and 1855, unelsupled for its
calamity and amount, the mercantile 'houses bay-fere-
covered themselves with an elasticity which. must have
astonished the world : and, if merchants and shippers ;
will but study t'se taste,, consumption, and absolutem
require mente of the market, it will always be one of our
best customers. I regret to observe that already there
is a dispositie n to glut the market, which can only pro-
duce a similar effect to that experienced two years since.;
A glance at tie circular of Messrs. W. W. Stables and
CO. shows brandy, British spirits, and wrought leather
to have been shipped during the last three months to an
excess of at least three times the consumption, and I.
would warn shippers to note and study these facts ,
before they find it coins home to them by the results.
The riches of Victoria are patent to all ; her wool,
tallow, hides, and auriferous productions are as yet but
faintly developed to what they will be ; the firstnanied
have steadily increased year by year, and this year we
are seeing the great increase in the production of gold
brought about by the application of machinery and scien-
die princ:ples.
The new constitution has yet to be tried, and would
doubtless bring about contests of conflicting interests,
the probable results of which will only be the further
development of the wonderful resources of the country.
Sydney, with its beautiful harbour, seems destined to
rank second to Melbourne in commercial importance.
Its export trade is very extensive with the sister colony,
which it rather seems to follow than to lead, for, though
far older in history than Melbourne, is being fast super-
seded by :hat c'llony, which seems to possess an energy,
and will go ahead unknown in New South Wales. There
is doubtless a large and valuable trade between this
country and Sydney, though it is a singular fact that
I one-third of the exports thence to Sydney find a market
ultimately in Melbourne.
Adelaide is considerably in arrear of either Melbourne
ear Sydney...hut is pursuing_the even tenonr of her' way,
and prowi,,es to become the great agricultural produeer
for the other cAonies. She has of late months been
greatly impoverished in her sepp'y of labour by the drain
nr
et sa
t ofa s
eoi ce
rliuiestintg•Vtoi cctoaruisae,
tabned
I,‘,vehailc
oh
oh
vaedr
zannt leenntg tnhl
übczi
that has been male upon it by Vie superior wages and
in
anxiety. . .

The'opening up of the navigation of the River Mur-
ray as discovered and practical.y applied by Captain
Ca(lell will Fr)ve of the utmost importance to Adelaide,
and may ultimately cause great changes in the several
markets from which the River Murray districts and
goldfields are supplied.

PRIZE ESSAY OA TMs NATIONAL DEBT.

The council of the Society of Arts have received the
following letter:—

"To the Chairman of the Council of the Society of Arts.
" Sir,—The financial position of this country, and the
enormous national debt, must always be subjects of great
commercial importance, and of grave interest to English-
men, even during the times of peace and prosperity.
Recent events of great importance, such as the influx of
gold from Awstratia and California, the drain of silver to
the EAst Indies and to China, the establishment of 1r •
trade, and the vast extension of our commerce, have ma-
terially alrend the financial position, and will cause a
revision ol the eulject to be very useful and interesting.
The important • It that might be obtaiued by the re-
results
uovved application to the reduction of the debt of the
prinrepe., ' f compound accumulation, Vie essential prin-
ciple of the sinking fired, which has unfortunately been
abandeued, appear also to rtirit a further examination,
and I am convinced that the interest.s of arts, manufac-
tures, and cermeerce would he promoted if the society
would encourage the investigation of these subjects, and
elicit the mature opinions of those who have studied fin-
ancial sciences. As, however, the funds of the society
are devoted to objects
I shall have pleasure in offering a prize for the
j_l o
rprize of 200 guineas fur the best exiay
o u national interest im-
t
ti:fi:lhy:.aa teities o
councilf great
;approve
o a
f the proposal.
financial position of the country, as af•
i say—
fee-ed by recent events, in which the principle of a sink-
ing fund should be discu&kd, and also an investigation
made as to the best mode of gradually liquidating the
national debt.--I am, sir, your very humble servant,
"HENRY JOHNSON.
"London, 39, Crutched-friar', Oct. 14, 1856."
The council have resolved that the beet thanks of the
soci€tv he conveyed to Mr. Johnson for his very liberal
offer of a prize of 200 guinea-, and that the same be ac-
cepted on the conditions stated in Mr. Johnson's letter.

The Parana, which is due from the West Indies at the
end of this nionto, will, it is expected, bring home the
eflieer i and crew, and all that was saved from the Tay,
which wai wrecked in the gi.lph of Mexico.
In orate to forest the progre,s of the fraudulent trent•
aceions which have been so frequent of late on the part
of the pay sergeants of regiments, a degrading example
was, en Monday, made of a defaulter in the Royal Ar-
tillery corps at Woolwich, who was stripped of his but-
tons in front of the barracks in the presence of every
man and officer of his battalion, and publicly drummed.
out (4 her Majesty's service. On arriving at the gates
which separate the garrison from the town, he was
handed over to the charge of the civil authorities for
the purpose of being subjected to a term of imprison-
mmit.
[ADVERTISEMETT.I SIGH SPECTACLES,T AND HEARING ~_xspEcrivi
POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, PACE, AND
GLAssits,—Messrs. S. and B. e'olomons,
York Hotel.
marls-street, Piccadilly. Obseeve—oPP°B've ble and
for value
By aer Majesty's 'loyal Letters Patent
most powerful and
extraordinary improvements :n the
Opera, and Per-
brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse. Operas
These telescopes
spective Glasses, to know the disitaf ;:ome
three and a-half
po,sess such extraordinary powers that 'show
distinctly Jupiter's
inches, with an extra ey,piece,
(.)-ui With the same
-d bl e stam
moons, Saturn's ring, end tlui:
countenance three miles and a
teies3ope can be seen a person e
16 0 iles. They are of
, 39, Albe-
g towerspaccordingly.—The
larger and a:1 sizes, with in
Valuable, newly-invented , very smar
Royal Exhibition, 1851..
t elass, the size of a walnut, by widen
ower'et waisteeat-pocee „ ..
half distant,
P • • I, and known 2 opticians,
1, miles distant ; they answer
person
lei ,ceean be
eseetnhe race-course, and at the opera houses,
"'IT P-:`---° yon and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles.
country
They seenelr- 'W for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, tO
are
',ay: Tlemen, gamekeepere, and tourists. Opera,
Tort" c"' -en ard perspective glaeses, with wonderful
• soi. rse, camp,
:,..ce' ' treeted Spectacle Lenses of the great.
Newly-eons,
V"' et.' ,it power. The valuable advantage derived
strengthened, and very aged persons ale
~,,
traaapaarn,d an. object.efrreTsie
this invdention is, thet vision becoming impaired ii
employ their sight at the most minute occr•
enable(
lil, ion_ - eau see magnify.
with these knees of a much less
'‘g. power—and they do not require the frequent changes
itl,l,- the daugcrons effects of further powerful assistance.
poeoes'ean be suited at the most remote part of the world,
IT sending
one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a
letter, anti stating the distance from the eyes they can read
have
small newspaper print with it; and those .who
_ea..
not made use of spectacles by stating their age.
an
el.
nees. New Discovery. The Organic Vibrator,ti
ent for
te,oelinery powerful, small, nowlv-invented
inbuipeeß any'
deafness, entirely different from elf others,
to
°ever can be,
thing of the kind that has been, or probably
skin, is not per-
produeed. Being of the same colour as th:lB..Dety
;.;'ensierviiltean
I at church
e.Ttible ;it enables deaf persons to heart ti
and it affords all the
anises in the ears is entirely remoyed; _.
uvl —39, Albentede-
enri at public assemblies ; the unpleasta
assistance that possibly could bedog York Hotel.
o 010 the
stroot, Piccadilly. Obeeeee•-• PP distinctly at
singing

LITER kTTJ RE.

Advanced Text-Book of ueology. By DAvid Page,
F.G.S. Black wood and Sons.

Geology is now a science of such popular and
established character that those who have not
acquired some knowledge of its elementary prin-
ciples must frequently have occasion to regret their
ignorance, and the readiest method to,acquire cor-
rect and concise information on the subject would
be the studious perusal of such -a volume as Mr.
Page's, which deals amply, yet briefly, with the
mysteries concealed in the emerald-mantled. earth.
Geology is an engrossing and enlightening pursuit.
It looks boldly into the mouths of the mountain
and the valley, with as much reliance and skill as
a Bedouin peels between the jaws of an Arab barb,
and as surely as the horse-tamer tells the data of
the animal up to the oblivious tooth which defies
all further reckoning, so the expert gauger of this
mighty globe numbers its epochs by its dental stra-
tification, until his computation is terminated by
the hard granitic molar. Rocks, minerals, organic
accumulations, marine deposits, volcanic, aqueous,
and atmospheric agencies, are all treated by Mr.
Page with philosophic and intelligent clearness,
and the reader of this work will soon become im-
bued with an earnest spirit in ti,e endeavour to
fathom the secrets of his " mother earth."