The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-09 00:00:00

AMERICA.

LONDONDERRY, MONDAY.
The Canadian mail steamer Jura, which left
Quebec on the 29th ult., has arrived here, and
landed all mails.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales arrived
at St. Louis on the 28th ult., and met a cordial re-
ception throughout his journey.
A British steamer has arrived at New Orleans
with the remnant of Walker's party.
Official despatches from Peru announced that
the Peruvian Government had made a proposition
to the American Minister for the settlement of the
difficulties between the two Governments.
Dates from Matanzas were to the 22d ult. The
sugar market was inactive. Freights were easy,
owing to an abundance of tonnage. Exchange
firmer.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, SEPT. 27.

The stock market has been less active. Quota-
tions were lower at the opening, but closed firmer.
Money is in more demand, and firm, at 61 to 7 per
cent. for loans on call, and 7-1 to 71-, for short first
class paper. Exchange quiet, and nominally un-
altered.

Cotton firm, with sales of 1,200 bales. Middling
Uplaiad 101 c. Sugar steady. Coffee firm. Mo-
lasses unchanged. Flour firm. Wheat closed
heavy. Corn shows an advancing tendency.
P.ales 58,000 bushels. Pork, lard, and whisky dull.
Rice firm. Freights to Liverpool drooping.

MONTREAL, SEPT. 29.
The weather during the week has been cold and
stormy.

Flour is firm, with a fair demand. Receipts
moderate. Wheat inactive. Canada spring is
quoted at 1 dol 22e. Peas steady. In oats nothing
doing. Potish is in good demand;

r LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT.
NEW YORK, SEPT. 29, EVENING.
The steamships Bremen and Kangaroo sailed
to-day, with about 700,000 dols. in specie.
The Stock Market is dull, and prices are rather
easier. Illinois shares are quoted 862-; Erie, 411.
Cotton is steady. Middling upland, 101 c. Bread-
stuffs are generally quiet. Wheat is heavy, and
prices are 4c. lower. The market for provisions is
dull.

NEW ORLEANS, SEPT. 28.
Cotton is quiet and unchanged.
The sales of the week amount to 33,000 bales.
Receipts during the same period, 46,000 bales.

LITERATURE.

liacMillan's Magazine.
_ _

The Rev. H. G. Robinson, of the Training Col-
, lege, York, furnishes some very sensible remarks
on the neglect of English Literature in Schools in
general. He maintains that it is the fashion in
schools and colleges to seek fine composition and
grand ideas among the writings of the Greeks and
Romans to the prejudice of English authors, in the
same way that the Scotch peer visits Switzerland
in search of scenery, when he has as fine if not
grander at home. There is much truth in his re-
marks, but we have no reason to complain with the
instruction imparted by the schoolmasters of the
present day. If we anly look back some thirty
years we will see that a long step has been made
in the right direction, and we must have patience
until time and common sense complete the neces-
sary reform. " The Fate of Kyloe Jock and the
Weird of -Wanton -Walls" is continued. A chapter,
entitled " The Christian Subjects in Turkey," is
t full of interest, and the reader will feel indignant
a
the writer's persecution to which Christians are
subjected by their Moslem rulers. The Sultan
may desire to protect them, but he has not the
power. It is not to be expected that religious fana-
tism can be held in check by a weak and sinking
Government like that of the Porte, and the late
massacres in Syria and elsewhere are a sure sign
of h
that the days of the rule -
hotnet in Europe are numberee followers
Whatd. good
Russian a
bys
English, French,_
pretty clearly shown by the fol-
lowing extract ;
" The systematic abduction and ill-treatment of Chris-
tian women.—lt is only in Turkey that outrages of this
description either meet with no punishment or are actually
rewarded. Some years ago considerable attention was ex-
cited by the case of Saleh Pasha, Governor of Varna. Ho
caused to be removed to his harem the daughter of one of
the chief men at Toulcha. Some time elapsed before the
father discovered what had become of his child. When ho
attempted to procure her release he was arrested, and his
property confiscated. But Varna was then garrisoned by
an English force, and the case was so notorious that our
authorities are understood to have remonstrated. The re-
sult was that the dead body of the girl was found some
days afterwards. An inquiry took place respecting Saleh
Pasha's concern both in the abduction and in the murder.
He was removed from his post and sent to Constantinople
to be formally tried, and the father was released. But we
believe that we are perfectly correct in stating that Saleh
Pasha was at once set at liberty, and has been since living
in the capital, not having undergone even the semblance a
a trial, and that the father's property has been retained by
the Government. Outrages of this description are extremely
frequent in the rural districts of Europe, and are never
punished.

" It is not uncommon to quarter troops on houses only
inhabited by female Christians. In these, as well as in
other instances, seldom does a male relative, who interferes
on their behalf, escape alive.
" Forcible abduction is encouraged by the following
means. In Albania the prestige which it confers leads to
personal advancement in Government employment. In
Bulgaria it is facilitated by placing the relatives of a Chris-
tian girl who becomes a Mahometan on the same footing as
Mahometans with respect to protection from fiscal oppres-
sion. In Monastir, and we believe elsewhere, a Turk who
carries off a Christian girl and causes her to become a
Mahometan, is exempted from military service.
" The conduct of the Ottoman authorities in this respect
is most reprehensible. The theory is that, on any case of
abduction being made known, the girl is to be placed under
the care of the chief of the religious sect to which her
parents belong, at the place where they reside, until the
case is decided. This done at large commercial ports where
a European element compels the observance of some form
of law and justice. In the interior another mode of pro-
cedure is adopted. Such cases are declared by the Govern-
ment of Constantinople to be religious and civil cases, not
criminal ones. The girl is brought before the Medjlis and
asked what her religion is. If she replies Mahometan, the
case is of course at an end. If she declares herself a Chris-
tian, the result is the same. The Medjlis quotes the Hatti-
Humayun of 1856. In this much-vaunted edict, which
has everywhere and in every respect proved to be a delu-
sion, a mockery, and a snare,' it is only provided that
Christian evidence shall be received in commercial, correc-
tional, and criminal cases. The Medjlis decides that the
case before it is a civil question. It consequently refuses
to hear the girl's statement or that of her relatives ; and un-
less a Mahometan comes forward to give evidence against
his co-religionist in a matter which his creed regars as
meritorious—an extremely rare occurrence—the Medjlis
decides against the Christian plaintiff."
In civil cases the Christian meets with equal injus-
tice, and until the last remnant of the rule of bar-
barism and intolerance is swept away, it is hopeless
to look for peace or order in the East. " The
Ammergau Mystery, or Sacred Drama of 1860,"
is a clever account of the would-be religious cere-
mony which lately took place in the neighbour-
hood of Munich. These representations, which
were once common in all Europe, when under the
influence of a superstitious and crafty priesthood,
are now, we are happy to say, of rare occurrence.
To our ideas of religion in the present day they
seem almost blasphemous. Tom Brown leaves
Oxford for the long vacation. He makes a clean
breast of it, as he terms it, to his father about his
bill transactions, and receives a sensible letter in
answer from the old gentleman. He, as the reader
must have seen in the last number, has tumbled
head and ears in love with his cousin, Mary.

" The History of Casuistry," by the Rev. J. D.
Maurice, which concludes this number, treats of
causistry in tke time of Elizabeth, and to those
learned in this subject may prove interesting.

Ure's Dictionary of Arts, .117ani(factares, and
Mines. Parts 11 and 12.
We have with part 12 reached the letter 0,
but owing to the extent and minuteness of
detail entered into on all subjects in this
valuable dictionary, it progresses towards com-
pletion slowly. The public are not generally'
aware how much science owes to our trans-
atlantic neighbours for improvements in ma-
chinery now generally in use. English mechanism
may improve upon the idea, but Brother Jonathan
very often takes the lead and shows the way. With
reference to the manufacture of nails, we give the
following extract :

" The forging of nails was till of late years a handicraft
operation, and therefore belonged to a book of trades ra-
ther than to a dictionary of arts. But several combina-
tions of machinery have been recently employed, under
the protection of patents, for making these useful imple-
ments, with little or no aid of the human hand ; and these
deserve to be noticed, on account both of their ingenuity
and importance.
" As nails are objects of prodigious consumption in
building their block-houses, the citizens of the United
States very early turned their mechanical genius to good
account in the construction of various machines for snak-
ing them. So long since as the year 1810, it appears the
Americans possessed a machine which performed the cut-
tingt and heading at one operation, with such rapidity that
it could turn out upwards of 100 nails per minute. ' TvrTY
years ago,' says the secretary of the State of Massachu-
setts,u.37,
'some men, then unknown, and then in obscurity,
began by cutting slices out of old hoops, and,
of a hammer. By progressive improvements vice griping these pieces headed them with sebvytesraaalisitttrionkge.s.
perfected ; yet much labour and expense were
Jonathan
mills were built, and the sears and the headrivegretgouolisaiwteezt•oe
make nails. In a little time Jacob Perkins,
cutting P
wat upon their pecu-
Ellis, and a few others, put into executiontahre; tbhuourtgbhatinogf
and of heading nails by aan
more intent upon their machineroy
that more than
At different times other men .
niary affairs, they were unable
tcuftoerttuhne ebsulsniness
and it may be said Iv
im-
provements,
been expended ; but at
one million of dollars has h
at,thepstrprouesateh
crowned with complete success, and
these joint efforts are
an be manufactured for,nails
which wrought nails c
expense that .
we are now able to manufacture, at about one-third of the
heireshorntaoatahaemre for aliteldeasatntahrfee-fourths of the
full as good. The machines made use
pp , or most of those
of by Ordiorne, those
purposeswhic h aret
osuj.
are
invented by Jonathan Ell'
is, and a
fine specimens they
eryesent veryof American genius.
fpouvr purposes
others,t
--‘64 To northern carpenters, it is well known that in
almost all instances it is unnecessary to bore a hole before
edge of the nail across the grain of the wood ; it is
a
driving 9, cut nail ; all that is requisite is, to place the
that cut nails 'will hold better in the wood.' These
qualities
'arc, in some rough building works, worth 20 per
c sto t itn rgu e
cent. of the value of the article, which is equal to the whole
expense of manufacturing. For sheathing and drawing,
cut nails, are full as good as wrought nails ; only in one
respect are the best wrought nails a little superior to cut
nails, and that is where it is necessary they should be
clenched. The manufacture of cut nails was born in our
country, and has advanced, within its bosom, through all
the various stages of infancy to manhood ; and no doubt
we shall soon be able, by receiving proper encouragement,
to render them superior to wrought nails in every parti-
cular,"

TIIIS DAY'S MARKETS.

HAY MARKETS.

SMITHFIELD.—Moadow hay, £2 lOs to £5 15s Od ; clover
do., £3 lOs to £6 Os ; and straw, £1 103 to £1 16s per load.
Trade firm.

CUMBERLAND..--Meadow hay, S 2 lOs to £5 15, ;
Clover, £3 lOs to £0 Os Od ; and straw, £1 103 to 18s
per lead. A stoady demand.
WHITECHAPEL.—Meadow hay, £2 10s to £5 15s Od ;
clover, £3 10s to £6 Os Od ; and straw, lOs to £1 165
per load. Trade steady.

COLONIAL.
TEA.—The market has remained very quiet, the trade
having been occupied with the samples of the public Ea"'
which commence to-day. 11-, i t e
SUGAIL—There has been very little activityn 1_
ed war-
market •, prices, however, are firm, and in the refl.
ket rather higher rates are obtained for dried g 009%
COFFEE.—The inquiries for Plantation e_ I
CritenclencY,
more active, and prices have showm an upw.a
v.z.
I nearly
owing to the diminution of the stocks on bane, ;
erioa of last
3,000 tons, compared with those of the same p were
year, f ce have been entered
RICE.—No dealings of any imp l lonLis are unaltered.
into, and quotations for all descpri,
continued inactive, and
SALTPETRE.—The market
desks
tent extent.
prices have not varied to any iee
.I'
n of been extensive, but
quotations tend upwards.
TALLOW,—The dealings_. x.c.
on the spot, 545. 601.
Qnrin, delivery. 555. per cwt.
____

inotiindoe,ihna'adn
d bordersi
ts conditioni al:
TIIE HAIVVEST IN DEVONSII.IRE.—The weather
In this county during
ara Indbal
been
teh.hneeAtph\avlashattrewataheft
nr 1
rnahisteeibyt been
and
saboiasetternhicasttarsv_cektshet
stacked
eaniht:lll:alpervgetgaecollotptenodrhdfBo;eDg rr:eneuTedih e markets of the co, ioor—has been nearly
15 far superior than was
from thc prwrim week, and al-It y have not much varied
dull. 11$4 W 44 generally has been