The Sun.
London, England, 1860-02-27 00:00:00

MEDICAL ADVICE.

DR. LA'MERT, Registered L.S.A., Honorary
Member of the London hospital Medical Society, M.D.
al the University of Erlangen, &c., may be CONSULTED
on all cases of Debility, Nervousness, and en the Secret In
firmities of Youth and NTaturity, from Eleven till Two, and
from Six till Eight, at his residence,
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE. LONDON

Dr. La'Mert has just published, t3rice Sixpence, with nu-
merous es. a New Edition of his Work,
SEL ESE ItVAT lON,
which will he sent tree, in a sealed envelope, by Mann, 39
Coruhill, London, or by
COSAT EN tbe uthor, for light stamps.
TS.
SECTION T.—The Physiology of the Generative Organs.
ScrrtoN IL—Puberty- -Manhood -The Morale of Genera-
lye Physiolocry—True and False Morality.
SECTION 111.—Marriage in its Moral, Social, and Physical
delations—lts Expectancies and Disappointments—Advan-
tages of Physical Contrasts in securing Healthy Offspring.
SECTION IV.—Sperrnatorrhva and Impotence—The causes
of Sterility in both Sexes—Sett-inflicted Miseries.
SEeTtox V. -The Vices of Schools—Effects of certain per-
nicious habits on the mental and general faculties.
SECTION VI.--Treatment of Nervous and Generative De-
bility—lmpotence and Sterility—Dangerous Results of
various Hazardous Specifics —The Author's Principles of
Treatment ; Medical, Dietetic. and General, derived from
Twenty Years' successful practize,
The above work is intei•ded for the perusal of those who
• have in early life been induced to swerve from the strict rules
ipt. morality. In its pages facts of par ;mount utility are
brought together, wholly divested of tne delusions and incon-
sistencies so largely introduced tntn certain quasi. medical
publications given to the world szratis under the tuise of
y,
philanthrop or as " acts of g;ratitude,".by pretended clergy-
men and others, whose tamperings with the constitution are
frequently followed by serious consequences.

p. 26, No. 246.
Surely all this is very terrible. But read on :
"James Thomson (Mr. Wallace's Bleaching, Scouring,
and Finishing Works for Cotton and Woollens, Burn-
bank, Glasgow)—" I am manager of these works, and
nephew of tho owner. In summer some of the hands work
occasionally from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m." (18 hours) " the whole
week through; we did this last summer several times.
Three days we worked 20 hours each day. The ages of most
of our girls is from 10 to 18." (Observe these ages—some
of the girls mere children.) " The stove-rooms in which
they work are in winter heated up to 100 or 110 deg.; in
summer the heat is from 120 to 130 deg." (and at times very
much higher, as stated by the same witness in evidence
given at a subsequent page.) " I feel, when lam urging
the females to work these long hours that I am doing what
is not right, but I have been urged to do it to get a lot of
goods finished. Sometimes they stay here all night, and
then we make a place for them to lie down upon in a store-
room upon the pieces of goods unfinished. Sometimes 14
or more girls will pass the night in this manner, after work-
ing 19 hours, and coming out of those hot places dripping
wet with perspiration, and their clothes wet through with
it."—lbid., p 59, Nos. 643-645.
And this in the country which is energizing through the
world to put down slavery
Alexander King.—" I work at Mr. James Young and
Son's bleachworks, Auldhousefield, Pollockehaws. There
are about 300 hundred hands employed ' • of those 250 aro
females. When we are busy the number is about 400.
* * * Sometimes, about once a week, one shift will be •
gin at 6 a.m., and go on till 6 the next morning" (24 hours).
"This has happened once a week on an average for the last
six months. The females all work in the stoves."—lbid.,
p. 61, Nos. 682, 683.
What a spectacle—what a hideous, sickening spectacle
must 400 workers present at the close of their 24 hours'
toil ! " The females all work in the stoves 1 " Among
them " will be some from 10, 11, to 13 years of ago ; the rest
chiefly between that and 21;"—toiling, bear in mind, in a
temperature, exceeding, by some 20 dog. er 30 deg., the
general temperature of an Indian summer
Elizabeth Henderson (Mr. Clark's Bleachfield, Burnbrae,
Millengood).—" We sometimes begin at one o'clock upon
Monday mornings and work sometimes till nine o'clock on
Monday night" (20 hours), " and sometimes even all Mon •
day night, and got home at six o'clock on Tuesday morning"
(29 hours from the time of commencing work).—" Home
for four hours and out here again at ten o'clock, and work
up to 11 and sometimes 12 o'clock that night. The next
day we should come out atsix and work the regular hours;
that may go on fcr a few days or a week, and then we
should commence, as before, at night-work, going home at
seven in the evening for one hour, and working through
the night. We stop from 12 till one in the night for re-
freshment. It was rather before the new year when we
commenced to be so busy, and it has been going on this way
up to this time (March 24)."—A quarter of a year of such
toil as this !—lbid., p. 66, No. 783.
Elizabeth Edge—" lam 14 years of age. I have worked
here" (at Mr. Sadden's, Breightmet Bleach-works) "four
years. Three months since I worked" (and of course she
was not working alone upon the occasion) " two nights and
two days. I slept four hours the first morning, and not at
all the next night. I have very often worked till twelve."
—lbid., p. 49, No. 491.
If there be any one thing which more than another adds
to the enormity of this national iniquity, it, is the fact that
there is not—nor ever has been—even so much as a ' diffi-
culty,' worthy of the name, to prevent a stop being put to
all these terrible shames by just legislation.
ihl(n2aw4itfhoh.
rpaoktauestrdtist:tft.wreoo,ln
thhaov
no
ex workedt(twenty
on fromt y
* Diary Ann Smith.—" Last Saturday I was 12 years old.
* * 1 came here nearly three years ago. Six times
I six
h a
vo
en et
on
rub
ourbn imn
yg
tt
ni
sl
tseipx e tvhe er
yn enxi
gt
hnti
bo re of
oi nr
hsoinxrainantdhae hmalofrn).in"gOnteilel
tmme
sy e. 1 oogns off.e of
mTy hhensgkeirns
icracks,gath earni
gI
fromee n cannot abideing
cul
e I
so
cabynniteghteei selvage, and the other is running."—lbid., p. 47.
No. 457.

Contemplate o
sicoit
w
t hea es onnidniet i
yo condition of s thisold. poorA cdhii
tl a
sI t
thas g boon
n
at w
hour after hour, day after day, the skinn of its instep still
cracking and festering, the selvage still sawing against its
gathering, running sores. Woe to the nation that shall
hear such things and will not raise its voice I
Amelia Woed (15 next Julp._.‘i have bees at this
July).
__«
work about three years. We o toneat begin at 5 or 6 in the
morning, and oftenest leave off at 11 or 12. * * *
Sometimes we do not leave off till 3 or 4 in the morning.
My fingers are often very bad; the cloth wears them
through."—/bid., No. 158.
Think of it, reader. It is the every-day complaint of
The friction of the piece, in hooking, cuts their fingers
and makes them very sore, their skins being soft. 'Whose
finger is bleeding,' is net an uncommon expression as the
suffering
blood stains the pieces; they then have to have their fin-
gers
geAs the blood stains the pieces
Sore feet, likewise,—the natural consequences of stand-
No. 414.
and frequentlyturnitveery hot floors,—
are very general, especially among
ingnstoiendiau;::ouiris":" 'P.
43,
had 'the aching legs' many a time" (No. 22k8) "Ankle
-always sore" ( o. 226.)—' Have
The sin comes off,
" My feet are almost
and they are very sore" (No. 274)• I have often so
bone was growing out" (No. 273).--,,
kin is off very often, and
the soles of my feet are blood-raw • " (No• 2i 9).—" My feet
feet ; they bleed sometimes, and my ankle_ bone has been r
growing out" (No. 277).—"The s
are often blood-raw"—
No 241.
"are often blood-raw, and they pain Inc"
Mother
" My feet blister at bottom and are very sore.
Moth
[How can we comment upon facts like these
puts some snuff to them that' makes the new skin come"
No. 28.5).—" I have always sore feet in summer
time" (No. 533.)—"' My feet aro often sere winter and
summer" (No. 436).—" Feet often so sore that the skin
comes off with my stockings" (No. 504).—" If you could
have seen my feet last night" (No. 491).—" Worked when
the skin was off my feet very badly" (No. 492).—" I have
often had the skin (Army feet" (No. 232—" Her feet very
often get raw" (No. 448).—" My feet were always sore in
summer : they were blood-raw at bottom, and my ankles
are swelled with a deal of pain" (No. 463).
Equally painful to contemplate is the " dead -beaten"
state of the workers :
" I have scores of times seen both men and children
asleep at their work. and very dangerous work too" (No.
10).—" Very often they go to sleep over their work" (No.
51).—" I have almost every day to take a board and beat it
on the table to waken thorn, as they were slumbering at their
work." (Observe the expression, reader—' at their worla
" At that time they would be hooking cloth; and while
they should be doing it, I see them nodding and trying to
catch the hook" (No. 83).—" As to the older ones, I have

The return is of the briefest kind, consisting only
of four pages. There are one or two formal notes,
acknowleding receipt of communications. Besides
these, the important despatches are four in number.
Lord J. Russell writes to Earl Cowley and Mr.
Cobden, under date January 26, 1860, and receives
their answer, under date January 28. Lord J. Rus-
sell in the first despatch named calls the attention
of the English Plenipotentiaries to seven points of
detail, and receives their answer in the secon,l4
after their meeting with the Frenchh, plenipotentiaries
to discuss the matters to which Lord. John had in-
vited their attention.

In the first place, under article 2 of the Treaty,
Lord John wishes that the terms " British coal"
and " British coke" should be substituted for " Eng-
lish coal" and "English coke." Alterations allowed.
2. Lord John, under the head of the same article
lad asked that the words "shall not exceed the
lowest rates which is now paid by Belgian coal"
should be substituted for " shall not exceed that
which is now paid by Belgian coal." The English
Government had contemplated that the general
standard four years hence should be the lowest
rate now leviable on Belgian coal, wherever or
however imported into France. The French Pleni-
potentiaries decline to accede to this proposition in
terms, with the remark that in the French tariff
there is no mention whatever of Belgian or English
coal. France, for the purposes of coal importa-
tion, is divided into three zones, and coal, without
reference to its origin, is subjected to a higher
or lower rate of duty, accordingly as it is im-
ported into one or other of these zones. The
existing rates are 3 francs, 11 francs, 1 franc, exclu-
sive of the 2 decimes war tax, still in force. The
Plenipotentiaries of the two countries finally agreed
to drop all mention of Belgian coal, and to name
11 francs as the maximum rate to which foreign
coal will be subjected, four years hence, on its in-
troduction into France.

The third point refers to the additional 10 per
cent. which, according to article 4, is to be paid to
the French Custom-house over and above the de-
clared value of goods claimed in consequence of
presumed short declaration of value. Lord J.
Russell remarks that the practice of the English
Custom-house has been to pay only 5 per cent. in
excsss under the circumstances named, and proposes
this modification to the French Government. They
accept with thanks. The fourth point is more im-
portant; it refers to article 6 and to the wine duties.
Lord John suggests that, as the proportion of duty
payable on French wines has been very closely cal-
culated according to the duties now payable on
English distilled spirits, an express provision
should be inserted in the Treaty, with reference to
the two higher classes of French wines, that if
henceforward the British Government find it ex-
pedient, for purposes of finance, to increase the duty
on British distilled spirits—now fixed at Bs. a gal-
lon—they may augment the duty on that class of
French p'oduce now charged with 2s. a gallon in
the proportion of 21d. a gallon for every Is. increase
in the duty payable on English distilled spirits,
and of lid. a gallon on the wines charged ls. 6d.
for every additional ls. of duty allowed.
Three verbal errors are then pointed out, and
rectified by permission. Article 10 had reserved to
each Government the power of levying " landing or
harbour dues, in order to pay the expenses of all
necessary establishments at the port of importation."
For the word " harbour" the word " shipping" is
substituted ; and " the port of -impoi tation" now
stands " port of importation or exportation." In
article 16 an error of translation from French
into English is rectified. As both versions
now stand, it is declared that " merchandise
of British manufacture and production shall
not pay more than the maximum of 25 per
cont." Finally, under article 19, the words
" to all other nations" are substituted for " to other
nations."
In the two concluding despatches of the corre-
spondence Lord J. Russell and Earl Cowley re-
spectively announce to each other, under date re-
spectively of Feb. 2 and Feb. 4, that ratifications
have been formally exchanged between the two
Governments on the parts of the Queen of England
and the Emperor of the French.

portanee of this tin cartridge is, that while it per-
mits the use of a lubricating material for the rest of
the barrel to be used, it quite does away with any

necessity for sponging out the breech, which at the
end of a hard day's firing remains as clean and

bright as if the gun Lad never been used at all. In

fact, the tin case takes the whole impurity of the
powder remaining in the barrel till it is withdrawn
for the next charge. Any one who has seen the
careful spunging or rather washing out which the
Armstrong gun requtres, and the time which after
each discharge is consumed in this operation, will
at once see the value of the tin case for the car-
tridge. As regards facilities for transport, free-
dom from the chances of accidental ignition, and
safety from damp, its superiority to the flannel
cartridge is, of course, obvious. Another point
which seemed to please equally the military men
and engineers on the ground was the extreme sim-

plicity of the breech-loading arrangement, and the
fact of the double-threaded screw which closes it

being outside the gun instead of inside the chambee.
as is the case with the Armstrong. It is this sim-
plicity of mechanism which enables one ordinary
workman to load and fire the piece with such ease,
and it is to the fact of the screw being outside in-
stead of in a chamber specially made for it that
the Whitworth is fitted for firing either round shot
or conical shot of any length whatever. When
the carriage for the 80-pounder is ready, Mr.
Whitworth intends firing a 2001 b. shot from
it at 35 degrees elevation. One of the objec-
tions formerly urged against Mr. Whitworth's
rapid pitch of rifling was the resistance it occa-
sioned to the passage of the shot, and the conse-
quent danger of bursting the gun. In theory this
objection appears to be well•founded ; practically
we find that with a piece of string passed through
one of Mr. White orth's projectiles, a sharp move-
ment of the hand is sufficient to draw it rapidly out
from the breech to the muznle, In the Armstrong
the resistance caused by the 40 sharp grooves cutting
into the double rings of lead is, on the contrary,
immense, and to this is due the immense recoil of
the gun each time—a recoil nearly three times
greater than we find in Whitworth's.
The first nine shots with the three-pounder at
three degrees were fired in about six minutes, with
the following results :
Yards Range.
1,607 ..
1,593 ..
1,439 ..

Deviation from true line,
.. f yard to the right.
.. Line.
.. Line.

1,588 .. 1 yard to the right.
1,577 ditto.
1,575 .. • . ditto.
1,573 ditto.
1,568 .. .. 2 ditto.
1,552 .. •• .. I ditto.
The practice with the three-pounder at 20 degrees
(each time with 71 ounces of powder) was not so
astonishing with the first five shots as on former oc-
casions, in consequence of a signalman having mis-
taken the direction in which the first shot fell. The
range and deviation in yards were as follows :
Yards Range. Deviation.
6,918 .. .. 26 to the left.
6,749 .. • .. 27 ditto.
6,602 ▪
54 ditto.
6,556 .. 35 ditto.
6,511 .. 34 ditto.
6,561 20 ditto.
6,316 20 ditto.
6,469 .. 11 ditto.
6,339 .. 12 ditto.
The 12. pounder gave a fair average result at 5
degrees elevation—all the shots, 10 in number,
struck at from 2,290 to 2y350 yards range, and all
at about 21 yards to the ',tight of the true line. At