The Sun.
London, England, 1869-06-30 00:00:00

SPANISH DIFFICULTIES IN CUBA.

The telegram by which we announced that the Spa-
niards in Cuba had found a new and formidable enemy in
the shape of the yellow fever is fully confirmed by intelli-
gence through Madrid. The malady has broken out at
Havanna with great virulence. More men are wanted—
the cry from Cuba is always " More ;" but the Madrid
Government thinks it unwise to send them until October,
on account of the fever,

NETV ENGLAND ENMITY TO ENGLAND.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
One of the dangers of placing reckless and inex-
perienced men in power is, that though they may
appreciate the immediate effect of what they do,
they may not see, or perhaps do not care, what will
be the ultimate, more lasting, and more important
effect. When General BUTLER was instilling into

the orphan children of Gloucester, who came to
decorate their fathers' graves, a hatred of England,
he was setting an example to be eagerly followed by
Southerners from the Potomac to the Rio Grande.

The conversation, he imagined, between parent and
child would come with greater force when spoken

by Southerners over the graves of those who had
died to uphold the " lost cause," and we have little

doubt that these words will be transplanted from
the soil of Massachusetts, and bear their fruit of
bitter hate in many a Southern cemetery. Ile thus
turns a mournful ceremony, conveying to the mind
the blight and horrors of war, while furnishing a
touching lesson in favour of peace, into a thirst for
revenge. As if he intended to make the feeling
lasting, he selects as his cause, events which oc-
curred a hundred years ago. Thus he combines, in
this speech, doctrines the most opposed to Chris-
tianity, and the most detrimental to the progress
and well-being of his country. First, the propriety
of nourishing hatred ; next, that the feeling should
be everlasting, going back to affairs impossible now
fairly to adjudicate on, as bald facts alone remain,

withoutthe motives andiufluenceswhich ledtothem;

finally,revenge,and the necessity of handing it down
from father to son till accomplished. No man knows
better than Gem BUTLER that there are tens of thou-
sands in the South who could, from the bottom of
their hearts, speak his words to their offspring, to
inculcate detestation against himself and the very
peof le he was addressing at Gloucester. Had he
heard such a speech made to an assembly in a
Southern graveyard to implant au undying ani-
mosity against New Englanders, he would have
thought it as wicked as it was foolish, but he well
knows the fact that no New Englander hates an
Englishman in anything like the degree that the
Southerner hates the New Englander. If England
accepted the feeling he taught as inevitable, she
might place the Union in jeopardy merely by
directing the full force of her emigration to the
Southern States, where it would be absorbed and
acquire as is usual the ruling passion of the Southern
people. Continental unity can be attained only by
a commuaity of interest and sentiment ; and of all
nations the one which has most to lose by scatter-
ing broad-cast over its territory seeds of hate is the
United States. That just, eminent, and upright.
Judge, SALMON P. CHASE, wrote what really should
be engraved on the American mind, in reply to the
invitation to decorate the graves of the Union dead
at Charleston, words which we last week gave.
There might be some reason in a speech so wholly
opposed to the sentiment of the Chief Justice as
that of BUTLER, if by turning American hatred into
a foreign channel he could get it all out of the
country, or at least directed away from the con-
tinent ; but its effect is the reverse, for, like other
noxious weeds, it has a habit of spreading on the
spot and where not intended, choking the growth
of good seeds, the truth of which is shown by a
glance over America. No man can read the papers
of Canada or of the Southern States without being
aware that it requires little fostering to grow large
crops of animosity. Here is an extract from a
Quebec paper
" There must be an end of concessions, an end of
humouring', an end of all attempts to keep peace between
the two countries, except by acting so as to allow the
Americans to realise the fact that, nation for nation, we
are, and shall probably continue to be, their masters. If
it must be, we will fight them, and to a certainty we will
thrash them." On annexation, it remarks, " Canada will
be more likely, in the distant future, to annex some por--
ion of the United States."
A New York paper, alluding to the spirit of the
Canadian press, gives several extracts, which it as-
serts to be a fair sample of the bluster usually in-
dulged in with regard to American affairs all over
the Dominion. Here, then, we have undeniable
proof that both north of the St. Lawrence and south
of the Potomac the feelings are hostile to the Union,
feelings not generated by any diversity of interest,
by any distinguishing marks of race, but arising
from " pure cussedness," such as good men as well
as wise men should do all they can to eradicate.
While Gen. BUTLER depicted England as a power
of monstrous selfishness and iniquity, the Cauadisns
uphold a connection which makes them mere colo-
nists, preferring that status to the dignity of Ame-
rican citizenship, a citizenship many Southerners
would join an invading army to shake off. In this
there is doubtless food for reflection, as it'ought to
teach those BUTLER addressed that there was some-
thing wrong in his deductions. If we, they might
ask, are so good and such a suffering community, how
comes it that we are disliked by Americans who know
England best, and who cherish their association with
Britain, while others, fellow-citizens of our own,
prefer the Britisher to us? It would have been an
awkward fact for the orator to deal with, and would
have struck with most effect at his doctrine; for this
cultivation of enmity in children, is at the root of
the matter, the vice having spread and turned
against palpable, not abstract, enemies. Those who
are educated to hate get an object they can see and
which can feel their spite, and this is most readily
done at home, wherein lies the reward of love, for
harmony prevails where love has been successfully
taught. By falsifying and misrepresenting a people
the young may imbibe prejudices against that na-
tion difficult to overcome ; but the example is catch-
ing, for the ground being prepared one section of
the Continent can readily be rendered inimical to
another, and the foundation is laid of those differ-
ences which may not only prevent the fusion into
continental unity of North America, but split up the
Republic. - It is, then, as a home policy, unwise
teaching, and it is as unjust as unwise. Surely,
if the children of New Englanders are to re-
venge acts done by the English great-grandfathers
the existing generation, they ought to weigh
in the other scale the benefits derived from Ens._
land. Did the thought suggest itself to General
BUTLER, or any of his hearers, that he in English,
with an English name, was addressing others
also with English name in a town called after an
old cathedral city of England, while the coun-
try around him was known in the States as New
England ? Did it occur to any of them to go back
to a period prior to that descanted on by BUTLER,
when the Mayflower landed her English freight
from Old Plymouth at New Plymouth, and com-
menced a settlement, whose principles were destined
to permeate the Continent? What are those prin-
ciples but the genuine birth of English freedom
seeking a more congenial atmosphere than feudal
Europe in which to spread. England colonized
New England, and New England colonized the
States. From England then came the language,
the laws, the religion of the Republic, and if there
is much that was hostile in England to the ideas
with which the colonists of the Mayflower were

bued, it was inseparable from the increasing civiliza-
tion contending against the remnants of barbarism,
and the best, purest, and most thoroughly English
sentiment was that carried over the.ocean in the
breasts of the Pilgrim Fathers. That their teaching,
their liberty, laws, religion, and social habits have
but little differed from.those gradually assumed in
the old country, is evident from the fact that no
two communities so differently situated as regards
the physical features of the countries they inhabit
could at this moment be more thoroughly in har-
mony. It is a marvellous fact, which we cannot
'too often repeat, that this is the case ; and yet, if
we are to believe the assertions of many, there is no
part of the United States in which England is more
hated than in New England. We know this to be
untrue, while we fully admit that, under a sense of
recent injury, a strong feeling of irritation pervades
the New England community. But it is worthy of
careful investigation bow it comes to pass that men
who directly derive their origin from England,
whose names are nearly all English, who assert that
they have preserved the tongue in its greatest purity,
where English literature is read only in a lesser
degree than in England, who seek the graves of
their fathers in English churchyards, should politi
cally, cherish such an animosity. No one cares for
the rowdy scum of New York, the tools of vile
agitators, and the organs which represent them, be
they Democrat or Radical ; but the case of New
England ought to be understood, so that the cause
might be ascertained and the evil removed. It
bears absurdity on its face, and it surely cannot be
difficult to bring into harmony those who have so
much in common, and to neutralize such a senseless
course as that taken by General BUTLER and other
leading men of Massachusetts.

COLOURED RACES IN ,4111EILIC,1.

Whatever may be the ability, judgment, expe-
rience, and reading brought to bear on the subjects
constantly arising at Washington, there is no doubt
that they are the most important now handled by

any statesmen. From the fuss made in Great Bri-

tam over the disestablishrnent of the Irish Church,

it might be supposed that the wellbeing of mankind

was involved in maintaining the ascendancy in
Ireland of the Church of England. While many of

those who have been arguing or listening to the end-

less reasons advanced ou either side would have

heard with the indifference of ignorance how Ame-
rican statesmen settled some questions, or of the in-

extricable difficulties in which others had become en

tangled, yet these measures are of a really world-wide
interest—of importance, beyond comparison,greater
than ;he disestablishment of the Irish Church. Pro-

minent among the American problems is that of
races; not the temperament differences only, with
the hostility generated by oppression which distin-
guish the Anglo-Saxon from the Celt, but those of
colour, of organism, of idiocrasy, habits, and t istes ;
in a word insuperable, between men born and bred on
the same soil, who can have but little in common
and cannot amalgamate. Of these races the United
States have three to deal with. First in import-
ance is the Negro; next stands the Red Indian ;
and lastly, at present, but shortly to come far be-
fore the others in importance, are the Chinese.

An indifferent spectator surveying the scene might
exclaim, " Here is a pretty kettle of fish !" and
doubtless many an American statesman has looked
with no small perplexity to the solution. Circum-
stances enter into the ordinary difficulties, which
make them beyond measure greater than they would
be elsewhere, more especially two—first, the pride
of race which marks the Anglo-Saxon, or if not
that pride, at least that prejudice of colour, by WEL-
LINGTON truly pronounced to be the most marked
of aristocratic' distinctions. Though there is no
race more thrown into contact with children of the
tropics than the Anglo-Saxon, yet no other nou-

ishes so inveterate a dislike againstsuch contact. The
most coloured of the coloured is the negro, and there-
fore the negro is to him the most repugnant. Here
then we have the extreme contrastsbrought together.
But in connection they might still be divided by a
broad line were it not for the institutions of the
country, for that line is opposed to the principles
on which the American Commonwealth grounds its
government, and this is the second circumstance to

which we have alluded. It is a strange fact that
where the aversion is the greatest that the institu-
tions of the ruling race should be those which im-
pelled that race over the line, and thrust the negro

[nto social contact with the man whose property he

lately was. Nosuchdifficulty ever before arose-as that
now puzzling the statesmen of America. To any other
race the negro would not be so offensive, and no other
race would allow principle and theory thus to over-
rule the social and domestic arrangement by which
each race is compelled to fall into and is kept in its
place. Therefore the difficulty would not be likely
to occur anywhere else, but if it did occur it would
ba in a very modified form. On the 7th June the
City authorities of the political capital of the Union
were elected, and a negro obtained the post of
register, a negro barber at Willard's Hotel became
an Alderman of the First Ward, and seven other
coloured men were turned into councillors. The
City Council had decreed that in all hotels, places
of amusement, public conveyances, and churches
the negroes should be placed on a social equality with
the whites. This was to come into effect on the day
of the election, and a disturbance was anticipated
at the theatre that evening, as one of the two pro-
prietors having determined that negroes should not
be admitted to the boxes and stalls, although his
partner did not object, had openly stationed men at
the door to see this order enforced. Fortunately, for
the s tke of peace and order, no negro availed him-
self of his new-born rights, but that he will refrain in
the future is to the last degree improbable, and
the election itself in which two men were killed
and several wounded, successful though it was in
the African interest, show that he can very un-
scrupulously use physical force whenever he has
it at his back. The riots at Washington were
wholly unwarrantable, arising from " cussedness"
alone, as the only cause was the desire expressei by
the mob to hang one of their coloured fellow-citi-
zens because he voted the Democratic ticket. We
will then soon see how the social equality enactment
works at Washington, with the fact before us that
the Executive of the nation being located in that
city the PRESIDENT himself cannot escape the direct
decision of acting on it, either inviting the negro
civic dignitaries to his receptions and balls, or ignor-
ing it, and setting an example which the nation
will not be slow to follow. Washington is the focus
of fashionable soniety in the Union, which is a good
deal of a bureaucracy; the high official personages
and legislators having much social weight in the
community. What is done at Washington receives
wide publicity, and the most prominent Americans
who sooner or later find their way there, are; able
through the press to attract great attention to all
they do or say. We may then await with interest
intelligence of the social career of WILLARD'S bar-
ber, as well as the others, knowing that the reception
he meets with from the Executive will have its effect
for good or evil throughout the country. It is easier
to enact.laws making all equal, than practically to
establish such an equality socially ; but' this, after
the XVth Amendment has become a part of the
Constitution, is what remains for the SUMNER party
to achieve. Perhaps it will be found that, like the mix-
ture of oxygen and hydrogen, the races, when thus
pressed, may come together with au explosion, and
produce something wholly different from that de-
signed. We believe the attempt to be a blunder of
enforcing on a reluctant people this social equality,
for the best intentions are often defeated by our
haste to see them realized. We imagine something
good, and fret after settling that the good is to be, to
find that it is not, and will not come. A certain pro-
cess has to be gone through, the progress of which we
may not detect, and destroy our work in the ill-ad-
vised endeavour to hurry it. If the Anglo-Saxon race
has a prejudice against colour, that prejudice is almost
wholly grounded on the comparative weakness of
coloured races. Wherever the reverse is the case
a marvellous change has been seen. Take, for in-
stance, the New Zealanders among savage tribes ;
the Seikhs among Asiatic people. The hard fights,'
and we may add reverses, of the British and Colo
nial forces before thepahs of the Maoris established
a respect everywhere felt among Englishmen for the
New Zealander. The drawn battles and wide fields
covered with *ad, the d6bris strewn over despe-'