The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-24 00:00:00

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STANFORD S. SMITH, Sec.

THE FUTURE OF EUROPE.

(From the Dispatch.)

The " starry Galileo," looking to the inexorable heavens

—upward to the immutable immensities, where unap-
proachable is fixed in eternity the throne of Him who is
without variableness or shadow of turning—first conceived

the idea that after all it might be the earth and not the sky
that changed ; the world with its sublunary vicissitudes
and ever-shifting scenes, and numberless religions, and
chameleon principles of morals ; not that azure deep of air
with its fathomless stillness, nor the everlasting Artificer,
dwelling afar off the Great Solitary of the universe, who
was, and is, and is to come. "The wisdom which is from
above," pure and perfect, he knew to be therefore infallible,
therefore unchangeable; that of this world here below he
saw was "of the earth, earthy;" better that it should be
capable of change—it was imperfect—it could not progress
without moving—could not improve without faculty to alter.
And so he propounded his opinion that the earth moved
daily round itself, and yearly round the sun. What ! can
" this fixed and firm-set earth" be other than it is ? Are
not our "thrones, principalities, and powers" exempt from
the chance of fortune? This infallible Pope here, and our
certain, immutable, unquestionable holy Catholic faith—
our immaculate moral precepts and certain canons of duty
—are all these only part of the cargo of the whirligig of
time? Do they and we alter, subject to be involved in the
vortex of ceaseless change ? Are both of us " blown with
restless violence round about the pendent world ?"
Rank heresy 1 Away Ns ith him I Doctors of the Sor-
bonne knew better, were determined that the world should
stand still if it could b 3 stopped by believing that it was
motionless, if it could be arrested by a bull, if it could be
prevailed upon to stay at home by an encyclical letter and
the ban of bell, book, and candle. Down on your knees,
moonstruck star-gazer. Tbis cames of your vain philo-
sophy—looking up to heaven in place of looking down to
us. Recant, thou blaspheming heretic I And so the im •
mortal bowed and bent to the mortal and the ignorant, on
his knees confessed a mighty truth to b 9 an error, and
declared the world stood still ; but as he rose from the earth
again, and stood with his head nearer heaven, he murmered,
"It doth move notwithstanding."
Aye, it moves, even in another pathway than tho astro-
nomer dreamt of. He knew only that it went "round, wo
can see that it moves forward. Materially its motion is but
peristrephic, morally it is onward and progressive. The
change has been insensible, the pace not ordinarily percep-
...

tib'e. " Tempora niutantur et 7203 mutantur in illie." We
have moved as well as time ; just as the globe whirls it
carries us with it, so that we do not perceive that it goes
round at all—think it is something else that flies so fast.
" There is," said the preacher, " nothing new under the
sun." Mankind have outlived the era of that dispensation.
There is something entirely new in this our day and gene-
ration. The reason, the moral sense, the ethical principles
of the nations have undergone the mightiest revolution ever
registered in the history of our race; we can at last truly
say that the public conscience of Europe has become more
pure—that the intelligence aid humanity of our kind have
stridden on to a loftier attainment of spiritual endeavour.
The abominable Bourbons are being eradicated, extirpated
from the Royalty of Europe, from France, from the
Duchies, from Naples. Spain likewise progresses, and
from that fair kingdom also the woman that is a scandal to
her sex will be driven, if she live long enough to fill up the
measure of her iniquities. Of Lord Palmerston Sir Robert
Peel once said, "We are all proud of him." He honoured
his country when he dared to remonstrate with the Court
of Spain upon its tyranny,when he, with the voice of Eng-
land, demanded that Europe and civilisation should be no
more disgraced by the intolerable oppression exercised by
the Spanish Bourbon upon her subjects. He withdrew our
Ambassador from Naples, refusing to represent the presence
of our good Queen at the Palace of a miscreant Lazzaroni
king of clouts. He protested, on our behalf, against the
misery and ruin inflicted upon the unhappy subjects of the
Pope by cruel and perverse misrule of remorseless priests—
he denounced the policy of propping up sacerdotal tyranny
by foreign bayonets. How glorious is the issue, how wise
has been his policy
In the past history of mankind war has had for its ob-
ject the subjugation of humanity to ambition. Armies in-
vaded countries to conquer them. At the worst, their func-
tion was to enslave their fellow-creatures, rob them, make
them tributaries. At the best, they carried fire and sword
among them to subdue them to their own religious creed,
to reduce them by fraud and force within their own politi-
cal system, to draw them within the sphere of their own
theory of civilisation. Sometimes. at the call of what has
been caricatured into the high-sounding name of patriotism,
nations have been induced tofight for what has been termed
their independence; that is to say, for defeating the at-
tempts of foreign invaders to interfere with the tyranny of
their domestic rulers. We have spent a thousand millions
to restore Bourbons to their thrones,, to perpetuate the
stupid tyranny of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Italy.
We exhausted our resources and brought ourselves to the
door of ruin to tread out the upheavings of oppressed na-
tions, to drive away from us the contagion of republican
ideas. It is impossible to lay the finger upon one spot of
the entire history of mankind where States have gone to
war in the interests of the human race—with the true and
sincere object of promoting the happiness of subjects—in
the genuine interests of duty and philanthropy. Consi-
derations of State policy, of national honour, of patriotic
self-assertion, of Kingcraft, of diplomacy, have alone
moved all the former acts of kingdoms; it has even been
thought dangerous to recognise the principle that enlarged
humanity, or the abstract love of truth and justice, had
any claims upon our policy as a collective people. Senti-
mental England was tolerated in the indulgence of what
was regarded as her slave-trade hobby only because the
objects of her sympathy were black ; and when Russia
spoke of protecting the Christian subjects of the Porte, it
was scouted as the dodge of a tyrant who sought to hide
the covetousness of territorial aggrandisement under the
cloak of religious bigotry. Thrones, States, Principalities,
Powers, and dynasties, the punctilio of forms of govern-
ment—these alone have hitherto formed the casus belli of
hostile armies. Subjects have been ignored—the destinies
of the human race have not hitherto entered into the calcu-
lations of diplomacy.

That is a stain upon our intelligence—a flaw in the na-
tural history of society—that can humiliate the friends of
our kind no longer. At last Man has become the true
object of the duty, the conscience, the sympathy of men.
Moral ideas are entering into the policy of States—to make
the people happier is the object of war—to redress wrong,
to crush oppression, to do justly and love mercy—these are
really the purposes to which soldiers put their arms. Even
despots stand by and suffer the Liberator to do his
work, afraid lest their own Nemesis should make their
places desolate, made conscious of the new strength huma-
nity discovers it possesses, in terror of the grim silence of
England as a State, and her loud sympathy with Garibaldi
as a people. The very myrmidons of the tyrant fall away
from him as snow from the ruined tower before the sum-
mer heats. There is a natural hatred of cruelty and in-
justice in the heart of man that develops itself the moment
it is suffered to have free expression. Garibaldi has
marched through the Two Sicilies with his walking-stick
—army and navy, rulers and ruled, figuratively without
firing a shot, have restored their power to the people, and
placed their forces at the disposal of the Italian nation;
the brutal Bourbon has been scored out, ignored ; he has

gone out with his carpet-bag at one end of the kingdom
as the Sardinian recruiting sergeant has entered at the
other. The soul. of Europe has gone to war for an
idea—the promotion purely of human happiness—to
call man to the dignity of his function—to restore the
imege of God to Ls place in the order of His creation—
to make the raco, the kind, the species, what the Father
of All destined it—the heir of all things—to give to every
human being the:glorious inheritance,the splendid patrimony
of thi3 fair earth—ti tench the nations how to live—to live
for themselves and for each other, no lo'eger for Icngs, as
the drudges of liingcra:i,, or the abjeci., sa..vel of tyrants
A film k s fallen from the eyes of a despot and his victims.
It is seen that power is the mere creature of opinion; that.
men have but to think themselves free and they are free ;
that no delusion can be more ludicrous or absurd than that
one stupid and cruel wretch can hold in bondage millions of
men with discourse of reason, if they understand each other,
and will that it should be otherwise. The revolution of
Naples has been chemical ; truth, right, humvnity, have
intervened between tyrant and people, and Bombe. has been
precipitated to the bottom simply by the superior spiritual
affinity of his subjects for the new element which has be-
come the moral solvent of the difficulties of Europe. The
public opinion of the world has been suffered by Sovereigns i
to have its free course. Men, money, ships, have gone from
every country in the Old World on the purest, most disin-
terested, holiest mission that ever sanctified a cause. Mini-

sters of Sovereigns have encouraged their wives to ostenta-
tious sympathy with the common benefactor of the age.
Holiday tourists, passengers on excursions, have' extended
their trip to the seat of war, and gone over, themselves and
their ships, to the Liberator as their conUngent to his irre-
sistible army.
We say nothing here of what must follow politically. We
hold it to be impossible any longer to maintain the despotism
anywhere which has become traditional in Europe. Venetia
is doomed ; so are the States of the Church ; one mighty
Italian kingdom already looms above the ruins of wrecked
Kings. Need we ask, What of Austria, of Hungary, of
Poland, of Prussia? "The greatest is behind." It is
literally nothing—it is less than nothing—that you for the
time strike the fetters from men's bodies. They never could
have had chains of iron had not their souls been already
meshed in the strong links of ignorance and superstition.
The Greeks now and other Christian subjects of Turkey, are
held in bondage to Mahometan conquerors only because they
themselves are the slaves of a grosser end less earnest super-
stition. We sbould utterly despair of Italy and the other
European countries to which the prospect of Liberal institu-
tions now opens, if their emancipation were only political
and material. Subjects would only effect a change of tyrants
if their own minds were not set free by insurrection or revolu-
tion. The truth is, neither the Reformation nor the discovery
despotism, and a nervous censorship have conspired
to keep
ofthe printing press have yet had free course or fair-play,
Popery,the fairest regions, perhaps the most quick and in-
genious people in Europe, in a state of the most abject
mental and spiritual, the certain instruments of political,
bondage. Garibaldi calls his ass Pio Nono. The hero whom
all men worship dares to denounce priestcraft, and to treat
the Vatican with open defiance and contempt. The press
is free. The augurs who have long been laughing in each
other's faces turn from scepticism and cynicism to earnest-
ness and patriotism. The Popish priests abjure their im-
Liberation. The
is set free, let
loose from its fetters and its dungeon; the tongue of its
sa
sw
teul lt
et haen rdasnukbst
loof
othi
ne
da romf yI
toafl y
quick,postur edaneepd,
orators and philosophers may now speak what thought
thinks and the heart feels. Truth and "the spirit of power
and of a sound mind" will inspire the genius of the Impro-
visatore, the press will groan with the prolific birth of
spiritual regeneration, and the serfs of European legit imacy
will stand for the "redeemed, regenerated, and disen-
thralled." Popery.that expires in Italy cannot sr' ive in
France, Austria, even Spain or Portugal. You cannot have
press free in Piedmont and fettered in Savoy. "Methinks
I see, in my mind, a noble and puissant nation rousing her-
self like a strong man after sleep, and shaking her invincible
locks; methinks I see her, as an eagle, mewing her mighty
youth, and kindling her undazzled eyes at the full mid-day
beam, purging and unsealing her long-abused sight at the
fountain itself of heavenly radiance ; while the whole noise
of timorous and flocking birds, u ith those also that love the
twilight, flutter about, amazectat what it means 1"