The Sun.
London, England, 1869-06-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 22, 1869.

wuctr UST.gage, ana tne ponce naa to clear a paasaga
for them. There was some hooting, but the crowd
fortunately dispersed without further mischief.

THE FERYDA LE COLLIERY EX PLO E ON.

There is now too much reason to believe that the
Ferndale Colliery explosion was the result of care-
lessness. An unlocked safety-lamp has been found
in one of the working-places. There hi.v..‘ been dis-
covered, moreover, indications of an attempt at
boring and blasting, from which it appears certain
that some half-dozen men have been secretly
carrying on a practice which is strictly disallowed.
If the inquest can throw any light upon these
breaches of rules it will do good service.

the road would be carried 52 miles, the summit of
the pass being but 3,760 feet above the sea level,
which leaves for the ascent but 760 feet. A consider-
able amount of bridging and a quarter of a mile of
cutting through the Roche Amiette, a singular
shaped mountain, are the only obstacles, when British
Columbia would be entered through the Yellow
Head Pass. The country then becomes difficult,
but he takes the road down the valley of the Fraser,
the only one through the mountains of British
Columbia, which years of exploration have proved
to be really practicable, though not easy, eventually
reaching Waddington Harbour down the Bute Inlet
Valley. The distances are from Montreal to
Ottaway, 115 miles; to Fort Garry, 1,200; to the
Yellow Head Pass 1,010 ; to the limit of British
Columbia, 52 ; to Waddington Harbour, 445
total 2,822, from Montreal to the Pacific, being
483 miles less than from New York to San Fran-
cisco. His Estimate of the expense is £26,931,000,
which, coupled with interest for six years till the
h
road is completed ant becomes remunerative,
forms a total of £32,000,000. The advan-
tages are a richer country than that of the Union
Pacific, the arable land over which it passes being
2,107 miles, and the grazing, timbered, and moun-
tainous, 600, together with a distance materially
shortened. Mr. WADDINGTON considers that the
Pacific Railroad now open makes England's com-
mercial fate tremble in the balance, its professed
purpose being to transfer the trade of the Old to
the New World. What he proposes is to make
Canada the emporium of Europe for China and
Japan, but Mr. WADDINGTON overlooks the fact
that if he succeeded in this, the trade would still be
transferred from the Old to the New World, as we
have yet to learn that British North America is any
more the Old World than the United States. The
system of arousing jealousy as a strong motive of
action is objectionable, and many of the leading
papers in America set a good example in discarding
these mean incentives. One of the most influential
thus remarks on the very road of which Mr. WAD-
DINGTON is so able and persistent a promoter :
" The building of this road would be a scheme worthy
of the hest energies of the British mind, and a policy
eminently strengthening to the English foothold in Ame-
rica."

But here comes the real question, What about the
climate? The Southerners assert, 'in advocating
the lines they propose, that the Union Pacific will
prove a failure, -at least during the winter, for it
Must be blocked by snow for weeks, perhaps months,
of the year. If so, how is a line passing to the north
of Lake Superior to be kept open; and even if pro-
fitable during the summer, who are likely to settle
on the stubborn clays of that cold country when
iNlinnesota invites the emigrant with every advan-
tage of railroad, lake, and river communication, cli-
mate, soil; and civilization all ready to his hand? We
feel assured that by way of Minnesota must go the
only Northern through line to the Pacific, and that
Canada's greatest advantage would be in starting the
railroad from the Red River Settlement that is the
head of the water navigation. The question has
yet to be decided what the true value of the Union
Pacific Railroad is. Many assert that even New
York and all the cities of the Atlantic will still get
their tea, silks, and other China produce by sea,
and it cannot yet be asertained to what Eastern
point even light and valuable goods, carried from
Japan, can successfully compete with ocean trans-
port. We believe that the Union Pacific Railroad
will be found more useful than merely to supply
the inland States with Eastern produce ; but expe-
rience only can prove how far it can compete
against the route in the opposite direction, as far
as Europe is concerned, • even for the carriage of
goods of high value and small bulk. That there
will be a sharp competition in passenger traffic we
have little doubt, with a strong belief that the
United States road will prevail. Several Atlantic
cities anticipate a great increase to themselves in
population and commerce from the opening of this
line. The demands which are to spring out of the
completion of the Pacific Railroad are, according to
them, to result in miles of docks lined by ware-
houses, and the vast consolidations are already rea-
lizing the prediction of a Congressman in the House
of Representatives, long before its due time, that in
fifty years the world would be governed by a rail-
way corporation. Half a dozen now rule in Ame-
rica, and when they are consolidated into one, the
imperialist may put up its shutters, announcing
thereon that its work is done, the empire is formed,
and Railway is King. Americans are fully alive to
the danger involved in these monopolies, and will
same time they are equally alive to the immense use every means to guard against them. At the
ad-
vantages derivable from throwing their main ar-
teries into the hands of one corporation, facilitating
and travel, and in a pro-
portionablyinstead of i mgpreedaitn
degree
e tgrraffic e e
benefiting the country.

more or less from England. To it the "Irish Catho-
lics are objects of dread and suspicion," and those of
the Germans who are Rationalists are distasteful.
The Republic is undergoing no greater strain than
that of educating these immigrants, so as to fit
them for the political privileges they enjoy. The
common law and Constitution, popular election to
all place, are very fine when properly worked, but it
is necessary that the bands to which the privileges
are committed should be clean and skilled in their
use. Most of the evils from which the Republic
now suffers are directly traceable to the power dele-
gated to men unfitted to exercise it. Native Ame-
ricans have seen themselves almost excluded from
office in the Empire City, and New York State fur-
nishes little that is encouraging to the advocates of
free institutions. The truth is that institutions pecu-
liartotheAnglo-Saxon are passing into the hands of
other races, and what the Republic now wants is tobe
strengthened by the free flow of Anglo-Saxon far-
mers, mechanic?, and operatives to aid in their sup-
port. Such an emigration would at once be ab-
sorbed by the Protestant community, taking their
places in the Methodist, Baptist, Cougre,ationalist,
and Episcopalian Churches. The Republic re-
quires men who can sit on juries, and award a ver-
dict free from prejudice, who will vote on principle,
who can be influenced by reason, and on whom na-
tive Americans can rely for support in the cause of
truth and intelligence. Emigration adds as much to
the wickedness as to the wealth of the community,
and the time has arrived when those who sway the
destinies of the Republic ought to take steps to en-
courage such au addition to their strength, steps
which should be met by a cordial response on this
side, and the work be mutually carried out as a great '
Protestant and Anglo-Saxon movement. The folly of
the one hating the other,and both using every means to
place an impassable chasm between them is enough
to make the angels weep. England, just now,is com-
pelled to seek relief for her overcrowded population
in emigration, and a strong movement is on foot to
organize and direct it into the best channel. Ame-
rica is suffering not so much from want of immi-
grants as from an undue proportion of a particular
sort. The former contains to an injurious extent the
element for which the latter lines. The one
room is overcharged with the very gas so consumed
in the other as to be vitiating the air, yet the occu-
pants of bath rooms are carefully filling up every
crevice through which the interchange would natu-
rally take place, to the immediate relief of both. Is
not this what both are striving to do, and is it wise ?
We grant it may suit the Irish emigrant ; it may an-
swer for the demagogue, furnishing him always with
an easy theme on which to descant; it maygratify the
pique and annoyance felt against England by native
Americans, but it is playing into the enemy's hands ;
the enemy of Protestantism and of liberty. Nor that
alone. Each community conspires against its own
peace and welfare, for not only do both strengthen
the hands of their common foe, but they employ
their own hands actively in injuring each other,
when they ought naturally to be engaged in work
which would tend to their mutual advantage. There
never was a case of such deliberate political suicide ;
there never were opportunities so bountifully offered,
and so recklessly cast away, indeed the prudent
might tremble to think that they had almost gone
beyond recall, the chance being lost for ever of
guiding the destinies of mankind into what, poli-
tically regarded from the light of the past, would
be a heaven. If the Anglo-Saxon race would but
consider the mission now offered, which they, by
this senseless enmity incline to trample on, they
would pause and draw back. Suppose, for instance,
that Protestantism and liberty broke down in the
United States, let them try to realize what would
follow the relapse into barbarism of such a continent.
Nor should Americans in their might sneer at the
idea, for it is possible that their institutions may be
smothered by the weight of ignorant immigration
ere the incomers can be fitted for their privileges.
Added to the vast incoming mass has lately been
the untaught negro population of the South.
JONATHAN may he a giant, he may glory in his
strength, and feel confidence in it, yet there is a
weight beneath which even the strongest of giants
would be crushed, and the advent of anarchy is in-
sidious, beginning in corruption and license, and
ending in utter disregard of law. Nor is England
uninterested in the future of the Republic, for if
its home affairs be ill-tn tnaged, its foreign affairs
will not be conducted on the strictest principles of
international law, and England might prove to be the
victim. The question then of British emigration
to America nearly concerns the future of both coun-
tries, and no time could be more opportune than
the present. England could now pour across the
Atlantic a greater tide of emigration than ever did
Ireland, an emigration that would be lost as fast as
it arrived in the American element, absorbed in her
churches, and entering into the back-bone of the
national strength. In a few years the effect would
be striking. The tone of the demagogue would
be changed ; BANKS' anti-British resolutions would
cease ; and the nations would begin in reality to
recognize the fact that, instead of being rivals, they
were engaged in the same work, and ought to sup-
port each other. What we would consider the first
grand step of this programme would be the entrance
of British North America into the Union, when a
great weight would at once be thrown into the Repub-
lican scale of genuine British colonists, which being
followed by an emigration which picked up terri-
tories, converting them into States, would alter as
by majc the whole aspect of affairs, and open up
in a friendly country the grandest field for the in-
vestment of English capital. Nor would English emi-
grants, if they preferred proximity to civilization,
have to go far afield while such States as Virginia, as
we explained last week, lie open. The true system is
for the pioneers to purchase land in blocks, on which
neighbours could live in families near each other ;
and let us close with an instance to prove that what
we propose is not a chimera. The adjoining island,
a marvel of ignorance and poverty in Europe, was
smitten by a famine, followed as usual by a plague.
The poor benighted people, perhaps the victims of
oppression, but doubtless still more of their national
temperament and the influences of their climate,
fled in swarms from their pest-stricken island to the
Republic. There they prospered, though in a lesser
degree than other emigrants, and their weight in
the affairs of the Union has for years been suffi-
cient to influence the national policy, and to such
' an extent perhaps that England was only saved
from a desperate war by the effort the South made
to establish a slave empire. If the poorest class of
Catholic Irish can achieve so much in a Protestant
community, what might not the Protestant English
effect, three times as numerous, and far better qua-
lified for emigration ? Let the letter-writer in the
Pall Mall Gazette of last Wednesday answer that
question.—A nglo-A Merkan

NA TV ENGLAND ENMITY TO ENGLAND.

BUTLER'S great speech at the decoration of the
Soldiers' Graves at Gloucester, Massachusetts, May
29, ought to attract attention in Great Britain. He
closed by attributing every misfortune that ever
befel the Republic to England, which he represented
as the foe of freedom, which struggled to crush out
the youn g life of theßepublic with hired Hessians and
Indian savages, which left the fatal legacy of slavery
to arm brother against brother ; then jealously
seizing the safe opportunity let loose her pirate
steamers to destroy and appropriate American com-
merce; and he concluded by recommending that
the remembrance of these injuries be kept alive in
the hearts of the people. No one will be surprised
that BUTLER should falsify history, every sentence
of that attack containing a misstatement, or that
his speech was as malicious as it was untruthful ;
but it prints distinctly tc a state of things England
should understand. Gen. BUTLER some call the leader
in the Federal House of Representatives ; SUMNER.
is undoubtedly the leader in the Senate, and both
are from Massachusetts. The Chairman of the
Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate is SUM ER;
the Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of
the House is BANKS, another member from Massa-
chusetts. The three leading men who have lately
distinguished themselves by hostility to England
are these thre6; and they are all New Englanders.
We have repeatedly remarked that the bitterness
of the hostility felt against England is centred in
that section of the Republic,:the evidence of this being
cleAr nor is the PAM difficult to 'Bud, Prior to

the war it was the ships of New England that covered '
every sea ; from these States emanated nearly every
improvement in their construction. New Englanders
maintain, though erroneously, as we have before
shown, that it was the " Anglo-Rebel Pirates" which
swept American commerce from the ocean, and Ame-
rican commerce meant little more than the commerce
of New England; hence they were the material suf-
ferers. The war was, in truth, a renewal of the
old fight between the Cavalier and the Puritan,
with the question of slavery involved. To wipe away
the stain of an institution inherited from England
and to maintain intact the Union were the springs
which moved the New England States. Against
this they found united, to their extreme surprise and
disgust, the vast majority of the governing classes
in England. Whatever might have been the sym-
pathy for emancipation, it counted but little against
the desire to see the dangerous power of the Re-
public divided. Massachusetts was the most culti-
vated an 1 intellectual of the States, and we merely
take her as a representative of New England. Tier
connection with Europe was the most intimate ; the
best English newspapers, periodicals, and books
lay on all her library tables and were freely read by
her citizens. Thus it came to pass that the people,
whose greatest interests and whose strongest senti-
ments were involved, were hit hardest in both by
the course of England, and male to feel it the most.
Can we wonder, then, that the irritation finds there
its chief vent, or is it strange, as they were mainly
New England principles and teachings which tri-
umphed in the triumph of the war, that their uphold-
ers should now turn savagely on Britain ? But then
comes the question—lf natural, is it wise ? While
granting the provocation, we pronounce this course
to be simple suicide; and we' hope to be so fortu-
nate as to impress some New England editors with
the importance of the following remarks.
New England, like all successful communities,
has raised a host of enemies. There is no portion
of America so bitterly hated by other portions, and
so generally disliked as this group of small States.
It may be that the Anglo-Saxon race is a traitor
to itself ; for it seems to breed children who forget
the land and the blood of their forefathers, who for-
get every benefit while remembering with an intense
and long-enduring earnestness every injury. New
England is most directly of all American communi-
ties the child of Old England; yet'SumNEtt, BUTLER,
and BANKS speak the sentiments she entertains to-
, wards her mother. To New Englanders is mainly
due the settlement of the West, and many of her
people found a home in the South, for the tendency
has always been to leave her cold and comparatively
barren soil for more genial lands. Yet some of New
England's most bitter enemies in the Civil War were
the men who could only reach their English fore-
fathers through New England ; and the West,
mainly founded by these States, is now wrenching
from them political power, making them realize
what Old England is realizing, that " westward
the march of empire takes its way." How common
it is in America to hear " down-East Yankees"
spoken of in anything but terms of affection; and
take the leading Democratic paper, the New York
World, and it will be found spiced with hits and
vicious remarks of everything New England, from
its soil to its Senators. It is the World's storehouse
for crime and illustrations for villainy. Nothing oc-
curs anywhere else peculiarly wicked, but the World
improves the occasion to warn others to beware, lest
that they should become almost as bad as New Eng-
landers. The native population is rapidly decreas-
ing, the World says, through very iniquitous means,
and Irish fill the vacant places. Society is chang-
ing, for, where once the American operative worked
the mills, there is now but the American employer,
and the Irish employed, generating the oligarchical
class and the Roman Catholicism, against which
Puritanism was a continued struggle, and history, in
its grim irony, appears to be turning the descen •
dauts of the Puritan Fathers into something not
unlike the Cavaliers created in the South by the in-
stitution of Slavery. New England, the World
maintains, is becoming a New Ireland ; the inferior
race is supplanting the superior; and here again
history is at one of its old tricks, for the descendants
of the Irishmen, who were hewn hip and thigh by
the psalm-singing followers of CROMWELL, are
ousting from their old seats in America the de-
scendants of their conquerors. That the two can
amalgamate is impossible, for whatever may he the
hortcomings of New England, which the World
takes such delight in blazing abroad,i t is a thoroughly
Protestant and highly cultivated community, with
a strong innate dislike to the Celt. he State that
regarded the POPE as Antichrist, and Catholicism
as the enemy of mankind, now sees 'lowish tem-
ples everywhere arise, and the majority rapidly be-
coming those who acknowledge Papal supremacy ;
yet, while thus situated, in this State of Massachu-
setts is to be found the bitterest feeling against Eng-
land, not merely among the Irish emigrants, but
among the direct descendants of Englishmen. The
enemy of New England principles is in New Eng-
land itself ; it is away West ; it is down South,
where a hatred exists, the fullness of which it is
difficult even to conceive. Yet this is not enough
for New Englanders, who desire to measure them-
selves intellectually against the world in arms ; so
setting aside their brethren of the Continent, they
go against their old kindred across the ocean, doing
all they can to make the feud as irreconcileable as
possible. Here is an extract from the Charlottes-
ville Chronicle, showing its temper as well as its
knowledge, the writer having mistaken Senator
WILSON for Senator SUMNER :—" The great Massa-
chusetts bully, WILSON, is a little taken aback at
the reception of his great Alabama speech in Eng-
land. He thinks he snuffs danger in the breeze,
and is getting ready to craw-fish. It is announced
that, on the first opportunity, he will modify his
language and soften his expression." If some
authorities are to be believed, not only isNew Eng-
land decaying in power, but distinctly and more
rapidly in virtue, both political and moral. There
was a time whenMasssachusetts would have scouted
the idea of being represented in Congress by a man
who openly advocated such a national dishonour
as repudiation, whose principles were those of a
mere time-server, to be trimmed to catch the
passing breath of the mob. But now the lower
House does not suffice for a BUTLER, who asks
Massachusetts to seat him in the Senate by the side
of SUMNER, and his appeal may not be to the native,
but to the Celtic element. That BUTLER is power-
ful in Massachusetts is undeniable, yet he is bitterly
opposed by all that is best in the State, and his
success, in spite both of his record and the feeling it
has generated iu the minds of many gentlemen, shows
the change coming over the old Bay State. Not-
withstanding the bitterness of the New England
feeling towards England, there are`no two countries
more closely allied in sentiment and in real interest,
certainly no other section of the United States could
more cordially respond to New Englanders (putting,
national questions aside) than the majority in Eng-
land; and if not in America, assuredly not elsewhere.
There is not for instance a place on earth where all
the inhabitants could be gathered into a group and
addressed, say by SPURGEON on religious topics, by
BRIGHT on political topics, by DV:WENS on social
topics, three undeniably representative Englishmen,
yet who would speak more directly to the hearts of
the people. Is it so with the French, the Russians,
the Germans ; with Mexicans, Peruvians, or Bra-
zilians ; would it be so in Lower Canada or in the
Southern States? We ask any Massachusetts man if
this be not the case, and we ask him then to draw a
fair conclusion from the fact. If it be the case, ought
such a speech as that addressed by BUTLER to the
inhabitants of Gloucester to be made ? Is it wise
in SUMNER to generate the feeling that New Eng-
land represents the deadliest hatred of America
towards England, or in BANKS never to lose an
opportunity, justly or unjustly, of inducingthe
Representatives to pass resolutions hostile to Bri-
tain
in America the Protestantism, the
? New England represents moslitbesrttryo-nlogNl.y.
ing principles directly derived from
which through these States have so hap
that
to
millions England, labned en, anis
seminated throughout the Union.ist Thatteu l
dd-
df
Protes-
tantism and that liberty are distasteful
i
in America, and hateful more
.especially to those
rapidly filling Up the yacaut places in Massachusetts,
Englanders should draw
is
closerth e
instead reason
owfbY Nw
severinge the ties connecting them
allies
with the In England are their natural
cliodri should bo to attract English
andOltdheir country.