The Sun.
London, England, 1869-09-01 00:00:00

VACCINATION.

The anti-vaccination meetings in East London
have been supplemented by a very crowded gathering
at Mile-End. Several medical men were present, as
was Mr. Edmond Beaks. Several mothers, with
their children in their arms, graced the stirring scene,
and there, too, was " the released from gaol," Mrs.
Ann Sipple, who preferred to go to prison rather than
tolerate tho unclean process. Another refreshing in-
stance of zeal was quoted. A man, named Hodge, had
been imprisoned for refusing to have his child vacci-
nated. Somebody sent a sovereign to pay his costs, but
the man refused to have his costs paid, and went to
gaolon principle. After many speeches, resolutions
were passed declaringthat compulsory vaccination was
contrary to the principles of the British Constitution,
and wasting the hard earnings of the ratepayers.

RAILWAY ACCIDENTS.
The Philadelphia _Ledger and the Times City editor
have got up an interesting dispute as to whether
the English or the American system of granting
compensation for railway accidents be the better.
The Eingren law awards no damages against a com-
pany unless negligence can be proven; and this the
American writer considers the best mode. The
American law charges all accidents upon the com-
panies, negligence or none; and this the English
writer thinks the Lest. The Ledger argues that
absolute freedom from accidents cannot be expected,
and therefore " impossibilities should not be de-
manded lest we encourage the refusal of what is rea-
sonablo and just." The Times City article pleads
that if railway companies are not answerable for all
accidents a system of insurance societies be-
comes necessary, and these gain a profit on
the business of insurance which, the companies
might retain for themselves. It is much
better that the companies should pay for all acci-
dents, and charge the insurance in the fares, than
that they should leave the work to other hinds. It
is preferable " that a feeling of perfect security
should be encouraged among their customers, rather
than that on every journey the contingency of muti-
lations or death should be forced upon their minds
by the necessity of taking a separate ticket in
relation to it." At present the writer thinks there
is no certainty, because the railway companies are
able to bring all their power to bear to disprove
negligence. It may be observed, however, that they
A° not often succeed in prao#o,::;•.', • ...•

Dlt. LIVINGSTONE.
Many authorities on African matters hold tllB
belief that Dr. Livingstone is endeavouring to cross
the continent from east to west, and that he will
shortly reappear, probably at the mouth of t.llB
Congo. When the famous explorer made his furs'
,
journey to Loanda, he was met in the' interior. 01
Angola by Dr. Welwitsch. In the conversation
which ensued the mysterious portion of equatorial
Central Africa which rests a great white blank in
maps especially occupied their attention. Welwitsc'
gave Livingstone all the information he had beel
able to acquire, and though the English explorer cll
not express any intention of entering the unlin.ol,l
land, he seemed deeply impressed with the subject":
Dr. Welwitsch thinks it by no means improbable
that the missing explorer is trying a march acr°s9
the continent.

HEAT AND C3LD.
Mr. E. J. we, of Highfield Observatory! 11115
stlrtled on Saturday last by the great heat; 111
glad, we do not doubt, to make his meteorologict%
observations sans coat ; would have been harll..
have made it 5C12.3 everything. But when lln‘v11];
recorded his notes for the good of the publietc
came to write them out in proper form, the see`
lsl
was changed ; the sky was clouded, the w;nd Ic`o
gusty, and instead of despising his coat, :Sir. I,°''';
drew it tighter round him—found it possible, incleci`;;
to have too much of the very air he hild coveted olyo
a few hours before. For on the 28th tit:o
thermometer reached 94.6 deg. in the shade. 011
iYt
Sunday it was only about 52 to 65 deg. 64 Talc %f
,
your umbrella on the brightest days" is a „r
advice from the oldest almanacs, " Don't leave Ychr.,
big coat at home on the hottest clays," is 111°,et
novel ; but we do not feel at all sure it may not S.
become necessary.

THE MIMI LAND QUESTION. el.
The Times' Commissioner has reached C1011211„r,
ne finds the region round about this town super—,ij
in many respects, to the districts of TipperarY
Cashel; indeed, the Clonmel locality is in some s° a
an example of what may be accomplished by g°',D4
relations between landlord and tenant. Agricultll:i
wages in the neighbourhood of Clonmel are ied,
fair. The land, as a rule, is not over renbSer
The whole system of tenure is on a sole
footing than in other parts of TipPer3d.ry
county. A very large proportion 'of 13,1jcs,
lords, and those of the more influential °170;
reside more or less upon their estates, "Y°ll te-
at once the fortunate results, not only in mere rf-eliog
rial improvement, but in a kindlier mode of a°3
with the peasantry and a more equitable inan°ot
meat of landed property. Bad landlords arecllti,
much complained of here." Leases arc giv°ll,l„ras
comparative freedom, and in many cases lan' or
either make all improvements on land theinselveso
allow liberal compensation. In one instaneeci to
Lord Ormonde's estate, a sum of 3,200 was Ptvet,
a tenant without any positive engagement wila'heo
Such was the good effect of this liberality, that jool
the Ormonde family recently purchased sow° log
the tenantry expressed their delight by illumina
the adjoining hills with bonfires.
Irish
if
The Commissioner repeats his belief that „ot
landlords generally had acted after the 11',3citha
of many in the Clonmel district, not only is"°,ll:lncecl
agriculture of this country be more suc-Aby
-
than it is now, but the claims now urge"olo
many on behalf of the tenantry of Ireland fad,
never have arisen. He does not denounce the
owners of Ireland as extortioners or unjust. "fool
are not of the Ormonde type. In the co-oici
locality itself many tenants are without lease°'ots.
obtain no compensation for their improvcrillots
Between the condition of this class and of the te'o'o3
under the best landlords there is a marked differ; die-
still the leaven of just dealing in the Clonnle'ario
trict produces a very generally good effect. Agrstios
crime has long been unknown. The tenant (Piet air
is discussed without reference to extravaggl',ltees
wands. One man who held sixteen or se;le' had
acres of what was once barren ilea,lerala
reclaimed the soil, and built a '°t-eliss"
good homestead; but he was only a .0, til°
from year to year. In conversation
Commissioner this farmer expressed his wis,ect
of
lease of thirty-one years, at a fair rent, in re'raro
in
having reclaimed the land, and of sixty-on° Ye 1.10
respect of the house, which cost more than thef
was once worth. Considering that the valuecler. tile
property had been given to it by the °eel 700,
writer does not think this irrational or oisee`,
Fenian movement in this district was co to°'
chiefly to the rabble of the town. The farinethise.
no part in it, and did not even openly sYnlPe