The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 16, 1860.

211 E NAVE.

--

The screw steamer Rodney, 91, fitting for the
first division of the steam reserve, is having her ma-
chinery put on board by the contractors, who hare
a number of men employed in the work. The Rod-
ney remains lashed to the sheer hulk to be in readi-
ness to receive her masts.

The screw steamship Royal Albert, 120, Captain
Lacon, continues in Plymouth Sound waiting orders.
The screw steamship Conqueror, 101, Captain
Sotheby, was hauled out of No. 3 dock in Keyham
Steamyard on Friday, and put in the lock. On
Saturday she was taken alongside the sheer hulk
Kent, and received her mainmast. She was then
placed at her moorings.
The screw steamship Nile, 93, Capt. E. R. Bar-
nard, will be docked to-day (Monday) at Keyham
Yard, Plymouth. Her topmasts are stripped.
The screw steamship Sanspareil, 72, Capt. Wil-
mot, was hauled out of the basin in the Devonport
dockyard on Friday and placed alongside the hulk
Vigo in Harnoaze to complete her fitment.
The topsail yards of the screw steamship Revenge,
90, at Plymouth, are crossed, and the lower yards
are athwart the nettings ready for sending aloft.
The paddlewheel steam tender Avon, 3, second
Master G. Davey, from Pembroke, arrived at Ply-
mouth on Saturday. She touched at Penzance to
enter men for the Royal navy.
The paddle-wheel steam-sloop Basilisk, 6, Com-
mander G. A. Phayre, lately from North America
and the West Indies, is ordered to be paid off at
Woolwich on Wednesday next.
The naval transport Diligence, J. Head, master,
from Woolwich, arrived at Plymouth on Friday,
with stores for the dockyard.
The revenue cutter Royal Charlotte, from Pem-
broke, arrived at Plymouth on Friday.
The Board of Admiralty has decided on taking
the examinations of candidates for apprenticeship
in Chatham Dockyard entirely out of the hands of
the dockyard officers, and placing them under the
control of the Civil Service Commissioners, who are
directed to attend at Chatham dockyard on the oc-
casion of the next examination. The Lords of the
Admiralty have fixed the examination of the candi-
dates for this year's entry to take place on the 23d
and 24th inst., on which days the candidates for
apprenticeship in Sheerness dockyard will assemble
at Chatham, in order that the whole number may
be examined at the same time. The lads will all be
required to undergo a physical test, and must con-
form to the rules laid down by the Director-General
of the Medical Department of the Navy. This ar-
rangement has given great satisfaction, as it will
put an end to that system of favouritism by the
local officers which has been complained of, not only
at Chatham, but at the other Royal dockyards.
The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :—Lieut. W. C. S. Sulivan and
Lieut. J. J. W. Jervis, additional, to the Hawke;
Dr. L. T. Cunningham, staff surgeon, to the For-
midable ; J. S. Davidson, surgeon, to the Algiers ;
S. Donnelly, surgeon, to the Cumberland ; C.
Smith, surgeon, to the Hawke ; Dr. W. H. Lloyd,
assistant-surgeon, to the Nile; Robert Murphy,
assistant-surgeon, additional, to the Formidable; A.
R. Moxham, acting 3d-class assistant-engineer, to
the Asia, as supernumerary ; G. H. Doming, second
master, to the Nile ; G. Harris, second master, to
the Impregnable; and G. W. Burnett, master's as-
sistant, to the Chesapeake.

THE EMPEROR AND TUE ITALIANS.

The following article, signed "A. Peyrat," ap-
pears in the Presse :
When Jupiter would shake the world he had
only to frown. The Emperor of the French, when
he would move Europe, has only to open his mouth
or to sit down to his writing-desk. Since he can
make peace or war according to his will, he is in
the eyes of all other governments the mind and t.L..e
arm of France ; he holds them all, so to speak, sus-
pended on his lips or hanging on the tip of his pen.
A year ago his speech to M. de Hubner gave an
entirely new direction to the course of affairs, and
overthrew all the combinations of diplomacy. Now,
his letter to Pius IX., showing that the most serious
complications have survived the war, has thrown
public opinion into new.perplexities. The semi-offi-
cial press, in its intolerable optimism, expresses the
opinion that this letter simplifies the situation. The
E-nperor of the French,w ith more modesty and frank -
nose, is far from pretending that all difficulties are at
an end. In his St. Cloud speech he confessed that he
had had the pain of leaving his programme incom-
plvte. In his letter of Dec. 31 he says to the Pope,
" Your Holiness will understand the difficulty of
my situation." The especially strikinr, part of this
letter is the sentiment of the incompatibility which
exists in the mind of the French Emperor between
his feelings towards the Pope and his engagements
to the Italians. " I cannot," he tells the Pope,
" escape a certain degree of solidarity with the
effects of that national movement which was pro-
voked in Italy by the struggle with Austria." This
solidarity, born of the force of things—a solidarity
which explains the imperturbable confidence of the
Italians—is something more than relative ; it has
governed the situation for the last six months, and
will for a long time to come rule the foreign policy

of France. On Jan. 1, 1859, the Italians- had no
thought of war. They were surprised, in common
with the rest of Europe, by the speech of M. de
Hubner. The Emperor of the French, in his mani-
festo of May 3, declared that Austria hart brought
things to such an extremity that she must either
dominate as far as the Alps, or Italy must be free
from the Alps to the Adriatic ; they felt within
their bosoms a revival of those hopes which they
lost at Novara. Their joy redoubled, and they
looked upon their independence as certain on the
day when there went forth from Milan this appeal
to their wisdom and courage. " Profit by the for-
tune offered to you. Be only soldiers to day, and
to-morrow you shall be citizens of a great nation."
This appeal, issued on June 8, after the battle of
Magenta, and when the Lombards were already
emancipated, was plainly addressed to all Italy. And
accordingly the Italians, blonding all their aspira-
tions, had thenceforth only the one thought of found-
ing a great country inhabited by free citizens. All
on a sudden, in the midst of their enthusiasm, they
learned that the two emper ors had met at Villafransa,
and that alone in a little chamber, tete-4-tote with
a nosegay before them, in the space of a single hour
they had settled the fate of Lombardy and Venetia,
and reserved the rights of the fugitive princes—in
other words, had called in question the rights of
those populations which had been invited to choose
an independent existence. Surprised by the peace
as they had been by the war, the Italians, never-
theless, did not give way to discouragement. They
had been told, " Profit by the fortune that offers
itself to you. Providence sometimes favours nations
as it does individuals, by giving them an opportu-
nity to grow great all at once, but this is on the
condition that they show themselves equal to the
occasion." The Italians at Bologna arid Florence
did profit by the opportunity, and thinking that
the only way to grow great all at once was to form
a state of ten or twelve millions of souls, they de-
manded to be annexed to Piedmont, already aug-
mented by the addition of Lombardy. Whatever
may be thought of this their determination—whe-
ther it may or may not be thought blameable, it is
abundantly evident that it was the effect of the
" national movement provoked by the struggle with.
Austria," from a solidarity with which the French
Emperor admits that he cannot escape. It might,
however, have been thought that he intended to

limit this solidarity to the movement in Romagna ;
but this is shown in the pamphlet to be altogether
a mistake, and on this point the pamphlet, naturally
more explicit, explains and completes the letter of
Dec. 31. The right of self-emancipation from Pon-
-nfined to the
hen=e" .
sand Umbria have the 11103
r iit flcal dom tin
go
in n
h tas
aia l
r the like reason ; and, consequently,
if to morrow Ancona and Ravenna were to separate
themselves from the Holy See, their insurrection,
just like that at Bologna, would be " an effect of the
national movement provoked by the struggle against
Austria," and would carry with it the same soli-
darity. The pamphlet admits this ; and pur-
suant to this reasoning, the pamphlet would leave
to the Pope, of all the 21 provinces which he
now possesses, xothing but "a little corner of earth
sequestered from the passions and interests which
agitate other peoples, and devoted exclusively to
the glory of God. This project, although far more
radical than the letter, is yet incomplete.
But why do you inflict, for the sake of religion,
on the souls and rights of two or three hundred

thousand men the mutilation formerly practised on
other creatures for the sake of music? And if these
creatures of the Papacy, according to the pamphlet,
fatigued with the "sweet and calm vistas of the
spiritual world," should imitate their brethren at
Bologna and Ancona, would you renew the expe-
dition of 1849 for the purpose of teaching them to
remain content with contemplation, the arts, the
study of great historical traditions, and prayer ?
As right and justicedo not happen to be a geogra-
phical question, you cannot censure at Rome what
you approve at Bologna, and as the Emperor of the
French says very truly in his letter to Pio Nono,
4, Facts hare an inexorable logic," against which
you contend in vain.
What is to be done, then ? For in short, as the
letter of December 31 alto says, "this uncertainty
cannot last for ever." The Emperor of the French
thought that what was " most in conformity with
the interests of the Holy See" would be to make a
sacrifice of the revolted provinces, and ask the
powers to guarantee the rest. At once England
replies that she will guarantee nothing, and then
the Pope declares he will not give up one tittle of
what ho regards as his right and duty. He does
not exactly adopt Hildebrand's method, he launches
no ecclesiastical thunderbolts, he does not thunder
out excommunication as yet ; but, in the meantime,
the vivacity of his language announces an im-
movable will. So, between the court of Rome ani-
mated with the spirit that inspired the Pode's
answer to General de Goyon, and the French Go-
vernment faithful to the spirit that inspired the
pamphlet, no arrangement is possible.
There is still the Congress. Supposing it does
meet, it will not choose, we miry be sure, to regis-
ter purely and simply the stipulations of Villa-
franca and the arrangements of Zurich. A solemn
and controversial debate will commence on the state
of Italy. If this debate be merely consultative, the
result, be it what it may, will not at all change the
situation. If, on the contrary, the Congress in-
tends giving to its decision the sanction of force,
and if that decision be contrary to the state of
things now existing in the Duchies and Romagna,
what will France and England do, engaged as they,
are, the one to admit no discussion about the abso-
lute right of the Italians, the other to refrain from
interference herself and to prevent all other inter-
vention ? It is not to be supposed that they will
yield, and the Times thinks that their sincere and
perfectly authentic accord will discourage all oppo.
sition. Possibly ; but, for all that, should the
Congress remain firm, should it yield no more than
France and England will, we do not see how
Europe can escape a general conflict.
Such is the situation which the semi-official jour-
nals represent as being " very much simplified."

[AnvmurismiEsr.]—We are happy to quote the follow-
ing interesting information from Pu Barry's report. on
cures of indigestion (dyspepsia), flatulency, constipation,
nervous, bilious, and liver complaints, cough, asthma, con-
sumption, and debility, without medicine, by Du Barry's
Revalenta Arabica Food :—Eight years' dyspepsia, ner-
vousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, far
which soy servant had consulted the advice of many, have
been effectually ,:.moved by Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica
Food, in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
inquiries.—Rev. John W. Flavell, Ridlington Rectory,
Norfolk. Cure 18,216. Dr. Andrew Lire of constipation,
dyspepsia, nervous irritability. Cure 36,212. Captain
Allan of epileptic fits. Cure 42,116. Major Edie, of en-
largement of the liver and total prostration of strength.
Cure No. I,6o9.—Three years of excessive nervousness,
' with pains in my neck and left arm, and general debility,
which rendered my life very miserable, has been radically
removed by Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food.
Alexander Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross, Sibbereen.
In tins, at Is. Gd.; 11b., 3s.'; 21b., 55. 9d.; 51b., 125.; 121 b.,
265. The 101 b. and 121 b. tins carriage free, on receipt of post-
office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London*
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., 182, Piccadilly ; Abbis, 60,
Gracechurch-street ; 4, Choapside ; 63, and 150, Oxford-
street; 330 and 451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate-
street ; 85, Tottenham-court-road. Also at Dublin.
Bewley and Draper ; at Edinburgh, %limes and Co.;
at Liverpool, Nixon and Thew; at Manchester, Sharp and
Scott; at York, Rairues, Blanchard, and Co.; at South-
ampton, Randall and Sort.

OPENING OF TILE PRUS,SLIN

CHAMBERS.

The following is the speech of the Prince Regent
of Prussia on opening the Chambers—an analysis of
which has been transmitted by telegraph :
Illustrious Nobles and Honoured Gentlemen of
the two Chambers of the Diet,—ln dismissing you
last year on the eve of your return to your horres,
we implored God to grant the restoration to health
of ear beloved King and lord. But to my great
sorrow- and that of the country, it was not in the
decrees of the Almighty to lessen the sufferings of
his Majesty.
Grave events have been accomplished in Europe.
The war which broke out in Italy approached in
its rapid course the German frontiers. To the
gravity of that situation the firmness of our at-
titude had to respond. I accordingly ordered
the mobilisation of six corps d'armee. Already had
those corps began to take up positions, in concert
with the troops of the German Confederates not en-
gaged in the conflict, when the war suddenly
ended.

The preliminaries signed at Villafranca were fol-
lowed by the conclusio❑ of poace. On the common
invitation of Austria and France my government
declared itself ready to take part in a European
Congress to deliberate on the best means of pacify-
ing Italy, and of consolidating in a durable manner
the political situation of that peninsula.
Quite recently the wish for a reform of the fede-
ral constitution has been anew manifested. Prussia
will always consider herself as the natural repre-
sentative of the tendencies which have for object to
restore and unite the national forces, and to pro-
mote efficaciously, by really practical measures, the
general interests of Germany.
My government is guided by the desire to see the
action of the Germanic Diet in its relations with
the constitutions of the different states to the nar-
rowest limits consistent with appropriate interven-
tion. In consequence, it has regarded as its duty,
in the constitutional question of Electoral Hesse,
which has been for years before the Federal Diet,
to indicate in conformity with that principle, the
return of the constitution of 1831, with, however,
the removal from that constitution of the enact-
ments contrary to the federal laws which it con-
tains.

In concert with my German Confederates, I am
making incessant efforts to obtain a constitution in
harmony with existing treaties, and with the recog-
nised rights of those countries, for the German ter-
ritories placed under the Danish sceptre. My efforts
in the Germanic Diet shall likewise tend to cause
to be regulated in a satisfactory manner the tran-
sitory situation which must necessarily exist until
a definitive arrangement can be come to.
The events of last year could not occur without
troubling commercial relations. My government,
has, however, endeavoured to repair as much as
possible the consequences which were produced.
Public works have been continued almost without
exception, and the construction of railways confided
to private enterprise, has been preserved as far as
possible foam interruption. Commerce and manu-
factures are now beginning to recover from the
serious consequences of that perturbation.
The mission which leaves for Eastern Asia, and
which is destined to establish regular relations with
the countries in that part of the world recently par-
tially opened to commerce, will contribute, I hope,
to give new activity to our manufactures and navi-
gation. This mission is accompanied by a squadron
of our navy. This Davy will receive a notable in-
crease in consequence of the extraordinary credits
which you have voted for the purpose.
An additional convention to the treaty of com-
merce and navigation of the 22d June, 1845, with
Sardinia was concluded on the 23th October last.
This convention will be submitted to your consti-
tutional approbation.
In spite of the unfavourable influence of the war-
like events of last year, we may regard with satis-
faction the financial situation of the country. We
way expect with confidence that the budget of last
year will be balanced by means of the ordinary
revenues and without having recourse to extra-
ordinary resources. The Goverment has besides,
for the present year, established the preliminary
budget of expenses and receipts in such a manner
as, IN hilst satisfying the wants of the public ser-
vices, may enable us to continue the
commenced, and provide for new and urgent wants.
We have been able to realise without difficulty
the loan which you voted for military purposes,
and which was left to public subscription. The
satisfactory result of that vast operation proves
alike the patriotism of the people and the confi-
dence placed in our finances. An account will
shortly be given to you of the employment of the
credits voted. A notable portion of them is still
in the coffers of the Government. A bill on the
employment of these funds shall be presented to
you, and provisionally a sum of 12,000,000 thalers
has been paid into the Treasury.
The general interests of the state require more
than ever prompt solution of the question of the
land tax. The bills which were not passed in the
last session will be again submitted to your deli-.
beration.

It is to be expected that the Government will be
able to submit to you a bill relative to the organisa-
tion of the various circles of the country.
My Government has taken into serious considera-
tion the situation of the municipal organisation of
towns and villages, the state of the administration
of the rural police, and the deve:opment, promised
by the legislature of 1853, of the organisation of
districts and provinces. The investigation of these
subjects has been carried as far as the agitations of
last year permitted.
A bill relative to the execution of Art. 69 of the
constitution concerning the circumscription of elec-
toral districts for the Chamber of Deputies, which
will be presented to you, is destined to remove
numerous objections. The bill on marciage will be
submitted to you anew. I strongly desire that at
last you may succeed in realising the important
and urgent reform for which it provides. Other
measures which will be presented to you are destined
to supply wants which have long prevailed in dif-
ferent parts of the
My incessant solicitude is devoted to the moral
interests of the nation. The Government will care-
fully endeavour, as heretofore, to increase public
instruction, and to complete within the measures of
the resources of which it disposes the scientific esta-
blishments in the universities. By the side of the
gymnases, the manufacturing schools have obtained
the position which is due to them by the new regu-
lations, which assure to them a scientific character,
and make them of practical utility. As regards
elementary instruction, tile salaries of schoohnas-
ters have been again increased. Preparations are
besides being made for the creation of new training
schools, in order to supply the want of good school-
masters, which is still felt.

Gentlemen, a question of high importance re-
quires all the solicitude of my government and all
your solicitude also. When, last year, I found
myself obliged to order the calling out of our mili-
tary force, the soldiers zealously responded to the
appeal by ranging themselves under the national
flag. lam proud to pay the tribute of my grati-
tude to this patriotism, which has never been
wanting. Nevertheless, our military organisation
requires a reform—not one, however, rendered
necessary by the absence of devotedness or of bra-
very. The organisation of the army was proceeded
to in the midst of circumstances of the gravest
kind. Being in proportion to the population and
the financial resources of the epoch. the organisa-
tion was afterwards preserved, in conjunction with
the remembrance of its glorious successes. But the
experience of the last few years, during which the
armed force of the nation has been several times
called out, has proved the existence more and more
evident of inconveniences of various kinds, but all
serious. To remove those inconveniences is my
duty and my right, and I request your constitu-
tional cooperation in the adoption of measures
calculated to increase our defensive forces in a pro-
portion which shall correspond to the augmenta-
tion of the population, without encroaching on the
interests of manufactures and agriculture.
For this purpose a bill on the universal obliga-
tion of military service will be presented to you ;
and it will be accompanied by financial propose•
tions. It is not our intention to break off with the
inheritance of a great epoch. The Prussian army
will be in future, as now, the Prussian people in
' arms. What has to be done is to animate with a
new force, by regenerating forms, and in the limits
fixed by the financial resources of the country, the
military organisation which the past bequeathed
us. I Invite your impartial examination of, and
your consent to, this bill, which has been drawn up
after a profound examination,l and which affects
both the civil and military interests of Prussia.
This approbation will be in the eyes of all a proof
of the confidence which the country places in me
and in my loyal intentions.
Gentlemen, never have the representatives of the
country had to appreciate a measure of greater im-
portance for the defence, the grandeur, and the
destinies of the country against the vicissitudes of