The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-05 00:00:00

LoNpON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 5,
,1356.

had to resign himself, with the best grace pos-

sible, to return into private life, the station for
which he is best qualified. Mr. BUCHANAN, the
late representative of the United States at the

Court of St. James's, was selected by the Demo-

cratic section as their candidate. This was the

party which formerly secured a four years' term

of the White House for the pugnacious General.

But it appeared that he could not retain their
allegiance. His chances were, therefore, accord-
ing to Yankee parlance, "most catawampously
chawed up ;" and Mr. BUCHANAN, who had the
advantage of being away from home for a coni-

derable time, succeeded to his forfeited honours.

But still the Democrats had it not all their own
way. The al Whig party had a will of their
own ; and as the successful candidate generally
clears out all the public offices, and substitutes
friends and supporters of his own for the old

employees, there was that lively sense of favours to
come, the sanguine anticipation of personal benefit,

,o stimulate the voters on behalf of their favourite.

They well knew that if the Democratic ticket
turned up the capital prize there would not be
that general clearing out that would create the
anxiously-looked for vacancies. Neither PIERCE
nor BUCHANAN could disturb the existing arrange-

ments, and therefore the transatlantic waiters on
Providence should put forward one who would be

their Sovereign a QUEEN who, to an invincible
repugnance to virtue, adds the treachery of a
BOURBON, and more than the caprice of a village
coquette, and whose line, if perpetuated, must be
associated with her dishonour, and the humilia
tion of her subjects.
How it is all to end is now the problem for
consideration. Time only can yield the solution.
Master though General O'DortrrELL now is of the
situation, nothing is more preCarious than his
tenure of power. Perfidious towards ESPAETERO,
and a traitor to the Constitution, he walks among
pit-falls, and may disappear from his elevation in
a night. What he has sown it is his doom already
to reap. If he would rest where he is he will
fall short of what his prompters and patrons ex-
pect of him. If he resolves on gratifying their
wishes, and burying the debris of the Constitution
in the gulf of absolutisra.--he will be dismissed
when he has served the turn, to make way for a
more courtly and more reliable instrument. If
in despair he turns to the more pliable of his
former friends among the Liberal party, and en-
treats their aid on the ground of a desire to
rescue and consolidate what remains of the Con-
stitution, possibly he may draw some of them over
to him ; but the Liberal party can never hence-
forth regard him otherwise than with suspicion.
The people hate while they fear him, and -the
army, though it may like him, will have but little
hesitation to turn him off to make way for a
better bidder.

crippled by no such restrictions, but could offer
the highest rewards to his friendly constituents.
They found a good man and true for the position,
bight MILLARD FILLMORE, who had formerly .filled
the Presidential chair, and who had also been out
of the way on an European tour. He was there-
fore the chosen of the Whig party. But there
was an unfortunate difficulty in the way that de-
stroyed the unanimity indispensable to success.
The " domestic institution," or, in other words,
the system of slavery for which PIERCE and
BUCHANAN were ready " to go the entire animal,"
proved the fertile cause of dissension, a very apple
of discord, amongst the Whig delegates. There
were Northerns and Southerns who were diamet-
rically opposed on this important topic. The
recent proceedings at Kansas had alarmed those
who might otherwise have voted with the general
body. They saw, however, the attempt to obtain
a recognition of the unholy traffic by even those
opposed to the de,norelising system, and to do so
vi et arrnis, obtaining converts, according to the
system of MAHOMET, by the strong hand. There
was, therefore, a split amongst the party ; and
although FILLMORE obtained the ticket so far as the
slave-holding States were concerned, the North-
erns, who constituted a large and influential
minority, refused to be bound by the arrange-
ment.

A resplendent Pharos erected upon that ever-
lasting Mountain of Honace, by way of comme,
morating the " ridiculous Mouse," of whose par-
turition it was once upon a time guilty, would be
nothing to it. Absolutely nothing to it ! Fancy
—Marehal PeressrEtt made a Duke, and Admiral
LYONS created a B tron—for what ? For the ex-
press pnrpo,,te of celebrating in a very signal man-
ner the Mouse of a Peace brought forth by the
growling, thundering, earthqietkieg, Mountain of
the late E iropean War ! Ia colitn(eneretion of this
tremendone little Event--Admiral:Lvoes is made a
Peer of Parli'ment, and Mtreletl PELISSTER
Nepoleonia,n Deke ! Tee ridicules Mus has its
oapee, then, flaming away atop of the parturient
Mons ! As though—" Mons -Meg'' herself having
fired off a dried pea with a solpe,n.lous and re-
echoing detonation, the lieges of Auld Reekie were
forthwith to " pile Potion upon Oasa," by topping"
the Ctstle of E linbureli with a cloud-piercing
monnment in celebration of the sari dried pea
Never was there anything more preposterous.
Marshal PELISSIER created a Duke—what for ?
for never taking the northern forts of Sebestopol
after all, with an army of 200,000 men, airier! by
a fleet the world had never bef ire seen paralleled
for efficiency, thanks to the combined influence of
ateem-engines, screw-propellers, railroads, and
electric telegraphs ! Adinir a LYONS created a
Baron—for what ?—for doing just about "ditto" to
Sir C. NA.PIER in the Baltic, or, in other words,
" next to nothing !" Why, it was only thus, by
the distribution of baronial and ducal coronets,
that the Great Decisive Battles of the World
(Victories such as those recounted by Professor.
CREASY) were recompensed of yore by the Rulers
whose Captains by sea and land were not
Pigmies, but Paladins ! Even the Grandest
Sea C 'plain who ever bore the " Meteor
Flag of England" in triumph over the ocean,
even HORA.TIO NELSON himself, after such
victories as St. Vincent, and the Nile, and Copen-
hagen, and Trafalgar, died at last but an English
Viscount, with a beggarly Italian Dukedom !
And NAPOLEON,- the First Narouoil, the Great
NAPOLEON—wI...at Marshals those were he created
Dukes of the Empire ! Not a PELISSIER among
them—not one man among them (the ghastly
joke must be pardoned, if only in consideration
of its exceeding appositeness)—who could either
smoke others or be smoked himself! His Ducal
Marshals were victorious heroes—such as Mils
SENA, gg the Spoilt Child of Victory," or as
MUlt AT, gg the Beau Sabreur " (who was Sing
even ultimately), or as NEY, "the Bravest of the
Brave," or as LANNES, of whom the modern
SESosTafs said " I found him a Dwarf, I left him
a Giant," as DIIROC, as SOULT, as JIINOT, as BEE.-
NADOTTE, as MACDONALD, as a throng of otherb,
the Knights of the Gallic ARTHUR, the PALADINS
of the greater CHARLEMAGNE ! And now the
Royal descendant of ARTHUR, the Imperial.
,suc-
cessor of N.A.rouoN, selects—the one, Admiral
tivoNs, for doing "next to nothing," to be a
Baron the other, Marshal 13.31,1551 ER, for pretty
nearly do. do. do., to be a Dike ! And so—
for the Peace —we have had in aig-
laud royal salutes, a flourish of trumpets,
reviews, and fireworks ? And so—for the War—
in France they are going to adorn their eitpi.!al
with au imperial colossal monument of comm no-
ration. Bere, as though it were after the GAtri-
paigns of a MARLBOROUGH or a WELLINGTON. ,
Then?, as though the present were the worthy 1
sequel of campaigns, like those of Marengo or of
Austerlitz. Alas I—for the contrast : and Alas I
also, by reason of that contrast—for the inevit-
able Ridicule !

The political aspect is turned to all appearance
towards despotism. The fate of O'DozTNELL
seems sealed, and with his downfall fare-
well for a time to what is left of the Consti-
tution. An abler intriguer will in all probability
supply his place, though it may be not until the
Court Camarilla has brought the country to a
dead lock. The people will then be ruled with an
iron, but for all that an uncertain, hand, and the
end will come if only for the country to go through
the same round again. A despotism with such a
Sovereign not merely ought not, but in the nature
of things cannot, stand. The interests that are
inseparably bound up with it are contemptible
No reputable portion of the population can enter-
tain for it any respect. Y.) hereditary affection
exists for it to appeal to, and the army, rude en-
gine though it be, feels its position, and is not
likely to offer itself a sacrifice to imbecility.
That day would deserve to be signalised by a
white stone which saw constitutional liberty once
more established in Spain. The year of revolu-
tions comes slowly on, may it, if all previous at-
tempts fail, bring freedom to that unhappy coun-
try also ! Could but CHARLES V., or " Armada"
PHILIP rise from the grave to witness its present
condition

The forthcoming Presidential election seems to
be the prevailing excitement amongst our Train-
atlantic brothren. The ....PTERcE-MARcy dodge, at
one time regarded as a promising "spec.," totally
failed irlitz int:-nd&d G aural PLEB.c.a.,I

There was, however, " another RICHMOND in
the field." Col. FREMONT, the fortunate pro-
prietor of a large tract of auriferous land in Cali-
fornia, was free from the sable stain, with which
both his opponents were indelibly marked. He
not only holds the Republican ticket, at all times
offering a respectable chance, but has had it
endorsed by the Northern Whigs, who refuse to
swell the ranks of the slave-owners, or voluntarily
to assume the iniquitous brand. The result has
been that FREMONT has wan many votes from
both of his opponents, and that he will probably
show a greater number of suffrages than
either BUCHANAN or FILLMORE at the hour
of trial. Indeed, so far as the popular
selection is concerned, the question lies be-
tween BUCHANAN and FREMONT, and FILLMORE
has not the slightest possible chance.
But it is not the candidate who has the greatest
number of votes that must 'succeed. An absolute
I llajority is required—that is to say, more than a
clear maj nity of Electors must record their
suffrages in favour o: one person—to render the
Election valid. The time consumed before a
Speaker was appoiutedwill give some notion as
to the difficulty of the task. If no person should
obtain that clear in ijerity in the Electoral Col-
lege, the House of RepresentativeS will have to
select one from amongst the three who have ob-
tained the highest number of votes. •
The hopes of the Fillmorites rest entirely on
the House of Representatives. If they succeed
in neutralising the popular election, they antici-
pate that by a fusion of parties they may possibly
succeed. Like their namesakes in Great Britain
they hope to ru'e by playing the extremes against
etch other, and filching votes alternately front
FREMONT aail BUCHANAN. The slaveholders may
vote for the slave-supporting FILLMORE, while
they would fight to the uttermost against the
I Abolitionist, FREMONT ; while the Northern
Whigs may possibly be induced to come round
rather than see the coveted prize fall into the
hands of BUCHANAN.
An absolute majority of States will, however,
be! required in Congress as well as in the Elec-
toral College ; and there is a fourth party
interested in preventing any election in
either place before the 4th M trch, in which case
the Vice-President will at oace be elevated to the
" Presidential chair. It scorns to be generally
considered that Mr. BRECKENRIDGE, the Demo-
cratic candidate fur the Vice-Presidency, wili
succeed in the contest. If, then, both elec
tions for the Presidency be neutralised, a
person will obtain the position who would
not directly receive a single vote. This
shows. the complicated system of the State ma-
chine at Washington. FRE3IONT or BUCHANAN
would unquestionably be placed at the head of the
poll at the Electoral College ; but FILLMORE will
strive to render that abortive, and may probably
suceed in so doing. Then comes the chance of
BRACKENRIDGE, and if the same game can be
played the House of Representatives, his will be
the triumph. From this it will be seen that the
system in force in the model Republic is eminently.
calculated to bring second-rate men into power,
and to set aside those whose position and charac-
ters better .eutitle them to the distinction. It isi
however, to be hoped that the growing enthusiasm
in favour of Colonel FILEMONT, the abolitionist can
didate, may achieve the victory, and save the,
United St ~tee from the disgrace of having its
first citizen au advocate of the nefarious and
abominable traffic in human beings.

THE MED:

MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, Ara. 5.
By the Peninsular and Oriental Company's
steam-ship Euxine, Capt. Killoch, with the India,
China, and Mediterranean mails, we have dates
from Alexandria, July 22 ; Malta, 26th ; Gibral-
tar, 31st.
_ _

The Euxine brings 62 passengers, and on freight
2,009 bales of silk, 600 sacks of wheat, and nine
packages of general merchandise.
Daring the homeward voyage the Euxine expe-
rienced strong head winds. On the 30th ultimo
passed the brig Chesterfield, off Gibraltar, steering
to the westward ; 31st, spoke the schooner Maid
of Athens, in lat. 36.25 N., long. 7.20, steering
N. W. ; August Ist, off the Burlings, passed' the
screw steam transport W. S. Lindsay, with artil-
lery, for England, and the mail steamer Sultan,
with the Peninsular mails, steering for Lisbon.
The steam transports Clarendon and Clyde had
touched at Gibraltar, en route for England, from
the Crimea, with detachments of different regi-
ments.

The hired barque Barretto, Junior, with return-
ed stores ; the British ship DmJalus, with wooden
huts and stores ; the sailing transport' Gertrude,
in tow of her Majesty's steamer Banshee ; and the
troop ship Simoon had reachediGibraltar, from the
East.

Her Majesty's steamship Dragon, with three
companies of Royal Sappers and Miners, from the
Crimea, for Spithead, sailed from Gibraltar on the
30th ult.

The sailing transport Burlington, with Roya
Artillery, for England, was at Gibraltar.

The Queen Dowager of Oude, the heir apparent
to the throne of Oude, and suite, have not arrived
by this packet. The illustrious party remained at
Cairo, and will, it is said, proceed to England by
the mail packet Indus, next due at Southampton.

COURT CiRCULAR.

OSBORNE, AUG. 4

The Queen and Prince, the Prince of Wales, the Prin-
cess Royal, Princess Alice, and Princess Helena at-
tended divine service at Osborne yesterday morning,
which was performed by the Rev. G. Prothero.
The Duchess of Kent also attended the service.

Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Board of Inland
Revenue, had an interview with the Chancellor of the
Exchequer yesterday. Sir T. Fremanth3, Chairman of
the Cust,,tus, ha I ale an interview yesterday with the
right hon. baronet, at his official residence in Downing-
street.

bieres.

The condition of a people deprived of their
liberties by means of an army whose achievements
abroad reflect honour on—shall we say—the
national standard, and whose capabilities of offence
and defence keep aggression at a respectful die-
!
twice, is •suffieiently deplorable. But the condi-
tion of a People deprived of their liberties by
means of au army formidable against And terrible
to none but themselves, is enough to move the
least susceptible lover of freedom to heart-felt
compassion. To find an ex- mplification of the
first described condition would involve no great
research, and for the second we have only to turn
to Spain.
. .

that bluff,and blus-
itulated,
Saragossa has cap
blus-
tering traitor, General O'DeNNE.L. L) by 02e grace
of wantonness and fraud, and the instrumentality
of an army not rated very high in military
circles, i 3 now matter of-Spain ! "sow are the
mighty fallen !" The proudest people is the world
at the feet of a coarse-minded, military adven-
turer, in whose veins runs no drop of the blue
blood of their haughty grandees, asd having as

A deputation from the Metropolitan Board of Works
had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer
on Saturday, at his official residence in Downing street.
The deputation consisted of Mr. Thwaites (Chairman),
Major Lyon, and Mr. Corrie (members of the Board),
and Mr. ‘Voolrych (Clerk of the Board).
A deputation of the Board of Works for the White-
chapel District bad an interview with the Right Hon.
Sir B. Hall at the office of Public Works in Whitehall-
place on Saturday. The deputation consisted of Messrs.
J. Casey, F. T. Hart, T. Brushfield, G. Simmons, J.
Shelton, C. Sands, and the clerk, Mr. A. Turner. The
deputation was introduced by Mr. C. S. Butler, M.P.

THE SUN, LO.NDON, TrESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 5, 1856.

LATEST NEWS.

MADRID, AUG. 3.

Tranquillity is general. The public funds are
rising rapidly. The national guard of Saragossa
have been disarmed. A new ayuntamiento and a
fresh provincial•deputation have been named. In
Catalonia, the bands which had taken refuge in
the mounains are dispersing. Espartero leaves
to-morrov for Logrone. M. Luzuriaga, Minister
of Justice, is replaced by M. Igurate.

MARSEILLES, AUG. 4, 8 P.M.
The Danube has arrived, with advices from
Constantinople of the 28th of July.
The evacuation of the Allied troops will be
completed on the 15th of .August, and the hos-
pitals wil be given up.
The equadron of Admiral Lyons will be sta-
tioned partly at Smyrna, partly at the Piraeus,
and partly on the coast of Syria.
The steamer Caledonia has arrived from Con.

AMERICA.

stantinople.
Marsha Pelissier has left Marseilles for Plom-

PARIS, Aua. 5.

yVASHINGTON, JULY 23.
In the proceedings of both branches of the Le-

gislature yesterday there were several signs that the
adjournment is approaching. The Senate sent
down to the House of Representatives a resolution
fixing the 11th of August as the termination of the
session. The rules of the house were suspended
to allow it to be discussed, and the debate, as de-
bates often do, deferred the decision. Provisos and
amendments were moved and discussed, but the
house rose without coming to a final resolution.
The Representatives, however, determined to meet
for the rest of the session an hour earlier than
usual ; by assembling sooner, sitting longer, and
attending more closely to the real business before
them, it is hoped the breaking up may be possible
within a fortnight or three weeks. Recent unhappy
incidents and the discussions that arose out of them

The Moniitur publishes the following :

The Emperor •returns to St. Cloud on the 9th
Inst. His Majesty has no intention of leaving
again before the 15th August. There will not,
however, be any official receptions on the 9th.
Tranquillity having been restored in Spain,
the Emperor has given orders for the suspension
of all movements of troops towards the frontier.

have consumed much time ; in truth, some things
more precious even than time have been lost ; a
state of feeling has been created, or, rather, deep-
ened in intensity and bitterness, which renders a
speedy separation of parties very desirable, and it
will be-well if they separate in peace.
The weather is excessively hot, all but incapaci-
tating for work of any kind ; though the "severity
of the season is probably a degree more endurable
here than in New York, where you are hemmed in
by miles of wall and pavement, and the atmosphere
is sometimes heated to fierceness. In Washington
the city has not swallowed up the country : the
two are more blended ; the main streets are a little
too wide for the present traffic certainly, but they
are well planted with trees, and there are many
pleasure spots of green, reserves and enclosures,
more fresh and verdant than might be supposed
possible under such a blazing sun ; a month or six
weeks more of such heat will no doubt change their
aspect for the worse, but as yet they look cool and
flourishing.
Under a Federal system there seems always t o
have been a difficulty in fixing the seat of Govern-
ment. 3he Swiss Republic solves it by changing
the locality in which the Grand Council meets every
two years. Even the German Confederation, which
represents the Sovereigns only, sits in a free city,
not within the territory of either of the royalties
represented. In founding the American system of
government many things were settled by a com •
promise ; thus neither of the larger cities was se-
lected as the centre of legislation and the ExeCu-
tive. A small district of 10 square miles only, a
mere speck on the surface of the country, was
forrned on the frontier of Virginia and Maryland,
and within it was founded the city of Washington,
as the centre of the federal Power. It is no more-
the metropolis of the United States than Oxford is
the capital of England. It is a special city, within
a special territory, for a special purpose. For
nearly 60 years all the business of the Federation
has been carried on from it ; but trade and com-
merce, as they were not mainly sought by its foun-
ders,' have kept aloof and found other channels. In
half a century it has only attained a population of
about 60,000—absolutely insignificant when com-
pared with the enormously rapid growth of many
other American cities. if quiet and repose are
essential to -the proper consideration of public
affairs, Washington affords them both ; whether
political feuds and the irritation of party feeling
are not aggravated by removal from the influences
of a great capital may be a matter of doubt. It is
very probable the two great parties in the States
—the Bianci and. Neri of America—would be re-
strained to a more moderate pitch of feeling, or at
least to a more temperate mode of expressing it,
by the cooler commercial spirit of society in New
York.
The two principal points in Washington are, of
course, the Capitol, the seat of the Legislative
Bodies, and the " White House," the official resi-
dence of the President, in the vicinity of which are
the chief Government offices. Such extensive addi-
tions are being made to the Capitol that all the old
views and descriptions of it are imperfect. It lies
about the centre of the city, yet in the midst of a
park-like domain, abounding in the blessing of
shade and the benevolence of seats, which are fully
appreciated by the'citizens. It is a favourite pro-
menade. From the Pennsylvanian Avenue, :the
main street of the city, after crossing the enc:oiure,
a flight of steps leads up to a terrace with a marble
fountain, on either side of which there are flights
of steps to a second terrace, which runs along the
whole front of the building. As every part of it
is open to the public without restriction, you soon
find your way to the gallery of the House of Re-
presentatives, a semi-circular hall, with seats and
desks so arranged 'that every member faces the
Speaker, who occupies a tribune at the central
point of the diameter, under a canopy with heavy
crimson drapery. The galleries run round the
whole apartment ;, the portion above the Speaker
is reserved for ladies, of whom a few were present.
The discussion was rather formal yesterday ; but
the members have more resources in such a case
than with us. The desks were strewe 1 with news-
papers, letters, and envelopes ; many were reading,
some:writing, and occasionally fanning themselves ;
Chinese fans were nearly as numerous in the hall
as straw hats ; the terrible heat compels the gen-
tlemen to adopt the fan and parasol (in the enlarged
farm of the umbrella) as in Australia they have
taken the veil ; there is no sound reason why any
of these articles should be exclusively for feminine
use. The names of the members having been twice
read over, with the prospect of a third call, I left
the house sitting,,and it rose for the day without
any definite result ; -there will probably be some
more lively debates before the adjournment.

The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post
(second edition) says :—Since the ratification of
the treaty of peace we have had many examples
on the part of Russia towards the Porte of an
ungenerous hostility, as well as positive violations
of the spirit of the treaty which Russia was evi-
dently more ready to sign than to respect. The
allies have performed their contract with the utmost
honour and fidelity. We have abandoned every
point of the Crimea as early as possible, and without
destroying at Eupatoria, or Bala.klava, or Kamiesh,
even the works erected by the allies. We have left
Sebastopol without any guarantee but Russian
honour of the port being reduced to a commercial
eepot. We have left thousands of graves on Rus-
sian soil, and created a heavy debt at home, with-
out seeking repayment in any way from Russia.
What is the conduct, on the contrary, of our late
enemy towards. Turkey ; the Power we went to war
for, to defend, to cause Russia to respect ? Why,
Russia destroys every fortress in the possession of
her troops. Reni and Ismail are blown up, and
Kars is &till occupied! It is all very welt to say
these places can be rebuilt ; but where is impover-
ished Turkey to get the money to construct sach
vast defective works ?