The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-19 00:00:00

For several days negotiations have been going
on with General Salzano, our friend from Palermo,
for the exchange of prisoners. It was, above all,
Major Catabene who was taken at Cajazzo, who
was the object of these negociations.. Our first par-
lementaire was not received, instructions being
wanting in this respect; but next day another was
sent, and the Neapolitans expressed their readiness
to exchange him; they at the same time asked that
the water conduit which had been cut at St. Angelo,
and which is the only one supplying Capua with
good water, should be restored. .As they hava the
river all around Capua, which canmot be turned off,
they can never be without -water, so it was only
aggravating the position of the sick and wounded
to withhold the better water, and orders were given
to the engineer of the waterworks at Santa Maria
to see the thing repaired.
Yesterday the exchange of Major Catabene took
place against one of the lieutenant-colonels taken
the other day at Caserta. His name is Nicoleni.
Catabene, who is wounded in the arm and on the
leg, but is going on well, cameia a carriage, accom-
panied by two Neapolitan officers, to our outposts
at Santa Maria. While the letter of Gen. Salzano
was brought in, and the other necessary formalities
gone through, our officers at the -outposts gave to
the escort of Catabene the latest n ews to take back
to Capua, where it will not fail to produce the de-
sired impression. Indeed, from w hat Major Cata-
bene says, there is a light dawning upon the Nea-
politan army, owing above all to tl ie Ist of October.
When the troops were beateri, baelt they returned,
clamouring that they had been d e< 'eived, and there
was a considerable irritation again st Gen. Salzano,
who had remained in the forge ess all day long
without showing before his soldkr, s.
According to the Major's account the wounded
officers are treated well, but the t reatment of the
men leaves much to be desired. '1 'his is probably
owing to the great number of their wounded whom
the Neapolitans have, amounting to more than 1,000.
It was likewise through Major C 'atabene that we
had the first news of Count Arrial abene, the corre-
spondent of several English and French papers,
about whose fate his friends were in great anxiety,
He had been last seen going out.l .rom St. Angelo;
according to others, from Santa 34 aria, and had no
more been heard of. As he was in plain clothes, he
would have been found among 'those left on the
battle-field. The supposition them efore was that he
had been taken prisoner—a sup] )13sition which has
turned out true. He is slightly w ounded in the leg.
The thing has been reported to I 3raribaldi, who, no
doubt, will make the necessary el ispositions to have
him exchanged against some one of the many officers
we have.
In spite of the general discou ragenaer,t which all
those who come from the other side admit, there is
still a rumour of another attack *II ich the Neapoli-
tans are said to meditate against o ar 'line. At first
it was to have been to-day, new it is a a gain predicted
for to-morrow. In the meantime t. he se rumours do
not disturb Garibaldi in his plans. f n. crossing the
river in force. The batteries at St. Ai igelo are being
placed, and the means for pass;.ng are ready and
may be adopted any night he choosc to think fit.
But really every drop of blood w: hich may gm
henceforth in this struggle is almot4 t a crime, for it
is a hopeless cause that of the New p olitans. A few
days more and the Piedmontese ari cciy will be here.
There is official news of the avat tie garde having
crossed the frontier; but even befc are this arrives a
Piedmontese division is expected by sea from An-
cona, and the general impression is that King Vic-
tor Emmanuel will be with it. on know that b-
an order of the day of the 4th he i has
placed tim-
self at the head of his army. Ti no deputations of
the northern provinces have gone: tc ► meet him at
Ancona, inviting him to come. Amoh her deputation,
composed of representatives of Na/ des an of the
more southern provinces, has likewise started.
They asked for Garibaldi's consent, which was given
readily. At Naples the
preparations for the K '
reception are made for Thursday, while the p•
montese division, which is to be brough ing
P
fleet, under the command of Persano
the day before.
W
This morning Garibaldi rev
0;- ewed at
Division Bixio, which, as v
Caserta the
t
andthe drovepositiobnascokf
thel tali on the Ist of October
adrdal-
u ill remember ke p
brought over ag' ..olumns which the enemy had
general succv
44inst that Point. In epite of the
,es of the action,
there wee 'e several
,
cases tb,"
*•'-`
as on some other poin"
of
t 0 the battle-

_led-

by the
1s to arrive

field, of officers not doing their duty. Several of
these were called out, and Garibaldi, in the pre-
sence of the troops, had their swords taken away,
their distinctive marks stripped off, and had them
ignominiously expelled from the corps, declaring
them to be unworthy of being Italians, and telling
them that their only mode of redeeming their past
behaviour was to enter as privates and do their
duty.
Every one hopes that this measure of rigour will
be extended to the whole army, which, among ex-
cellent officers who would be an honour to any
army, contains likewise black sheep. No wonder ;
in the hurry in which the army was got together;
it was impossible to sift the claims de those who
presented themselves ; besides, there were so many
intrusted to organise battalions and brigades that
the responsibility must remain with those who
proposed men unfit for their posts. The army being
continually in movement, there was no possibility
to sift it; but, now that the time is not distant
when it is to be amalgamated with the Piedmon-
tese forces, the thing becomes absolutely necessary,
and the battle of the Ist offered a good opportunity.
EVENING.
Garibaldi, after having passed in review General
Bixio's troops, came on to Santa Maria, and thence
to his usual post at St. Angelo. lie arrived there
about noon, and at 2 p.m. the Neapolitans made a
reconnaissance with a few battalions towards the
road of St. Angelo, and to the left of it towards the
river where our outposts stand. The object was
evidently to see and not to act, for they withdrew
as soon as ours advanced. Towards half-past three
they came on again, helping on their advance by
the fire of the fortress, which can throw its shells
at a tolerable distance in that direction. A column
of ours was sent down to support our outposts,
while at the same time another advanced from
Santa Maria to take them in the flank. The fire
was kept up till nightfall, and the Neapolitans
withdrew.
The Neapolitans are perfectly aware that prepa-
rations are going on at St. Angelo to force the pas-
sage of the river, that powerful batteries aro being
thrown up, and that as soon as they are ready there
will be an advance. It is natural that this should
cause uneasiness—nay, it may drive them even to
make an attempt to destroy these works.
Among our troops the impression that we shall
hear of something to-morrow is very strong.
OCTOBER 9, MORNING.
The night passed very quietly ; indeed, more so
than our nights usually do, and there is no sign of
any hostile intention on either side.
SANTA MARIA, OCT. 11.
On the Bth an armistice was concluded for the
next day. The object of it was the burial of the
dead who fell within the range of the guns of the
fortress, and could not be buried on account of the
fire of the artillery of Capua, which sweeps the
river banks and the edge of the wood. When those
who fell towards St. Angelo and Santa Maria were
buried, an attempt was made to bury those now in
front, but as soon as a burying party showed the
guns opened, and it was impossible to retain the
country folks who were intrusted with this work.
The consequence was a frightful atmosphere towards
the outposts before St. Angelo. During the late
negotiations about the exchange of prisoners the
Neapolitans asked for the restoration of the water•
works which provide Capua with potable water. In
return a truce of 24 hours was agreed upon, during
which time the fortress was to be silent. But the
armistice extended merely to the fortress, General
Salzano declaring that he had no power over the
commander of the troops outside. The result was a
constant cannonade between our batteries at St.
Angelo and those of the enemy on the opposite
shore of the river.
On the very morning of the armistice Col. Bore
done, who is directing the works against.the oppo-
site shore, had a narrow escape. He had returned
late from the works to a little house not far distant
from them, where he had taken up his quarters with
two of his officers. Towards half•past 4 a.m. two
shells were sent, one close after the other, right
into the house, smashing everything about the
place, and rolling under the bed where the two offi-
cers were reposing, burst there, throwing them up
in the air, and wounding one on the head and the
other on the leg. but without hurting Col. Bordone,
who was only covered with dust and fragments of
grass and rubbish. I mention this because it is ex-
traordinary ; otherwise the fire of the batteries
from the other side has done very little harm.
Since the armistice ended, yesterday at noon,
things have been more quiet than while it lasted.
The fortress is quite silent, and sends only at long
intervals a shot or two against our batteries.
Otherwise, the Neapolitans keep on the strictest
defensive. They have only a few small posts outside
Capua, and even these are withdrawn at night into
the immediate neighbourhood of the fortress. And,
indeed, from what we hear, this plan seems to put
Capua into a complete state of defence, so as to be
able to hold out for some time, even if the army in
the field had to fall back toward Gaeta. All the in-
habitants have been ordered to provide themselves
with provisions for two months, and those who are
unable to do so have got orders to leave the town.
People of this place who have communications
with Capua state that the fortress, as well as the
Neapolitan army, expects but the arrival of the
Piedmontese to surrender. This en dit, is by no
means improbable. The officers want to secure their
position, and were they sure that Garibaldi's re 5h
was to last, they would probably have already aban-
doned the falling cause they are defen,l'ing--
now.
The Piedmontese army represents s.a established
successor of Garibaldi's
government and the natural succe,
interregnum. Since the beay of the Ist there are
but few in the Neapolitan army who indulge in any
illusions about a possible success, nor can it be other-
wise; many of the officers are supposed to be luke-
warm, and the defeat of the Ist is attributed to this
circamstance. An order of the day of Francis 11.
is reported, which attributes this ill success to the
treachery of the officers, and enjoins the soldiers to
watch cm er their conduct. If true, the King of
Gaeta, and Capua does more to loosen the discipline
of his army than his adversaries could do.
These are the news which come to us from Capua.
At Gaeta, on the contrary, every one seems in high
spirits. A gentleman, who spoke yesterday with
one of the members of the Spanish Legation, returned
the day before from Gaeta, says that the latter seemed
vhtahelereresnaPemdei seemed
dne
mtlaaaontt, Naples.
nodtekedsneo_awt t
clothing
Naples,
att
phtThel i:hesa,ficaarubsnrtodi
about
brigade
ihstghaattedhmeianoongf:
movements
hmh waseeerm th
at
he ttwhs had
dst
quite confident of the speedy return of the old Go-
vernment
lea xn pd ee
de t eadt ,
Gtihual ti
at he
Nuova,ara natne -dg at
he daet oafn
oothneercowrpass
expected to land at Manfredonia, and make its
way towards Benevento. Thus, before long, the
Neapolitans
`will be shut in on all sides from land
and sea, •aud may
I-4.:itherto, of all 'nave before them the fate of
a:rmy who surrendered or
the thousands of the
Laraer.eiere's ant
few remained to swell
went home to resulne Nesrpolitan
caPitu...ated only very
1.
Thus all that ar-,ny,
.dappear wiatohoulatbl
ow ranks, most of whom
their pacific pursuits.
yet it contained threatened todi
required only a different organisation
oedariveoixuncsgelylalnenyftormd,
advan-
tage to Ital--,,,,
good servaincde. Nor. is there any disinclination
mate-
rials, w rich
is respect, as may be seen
it
no , dtoh,
stance that most of those who were taken prisoners
(
at Caserta have consented to serfvro:
off to Genoa to be reorganiy- a -
ope-
rations against the Iv ..-
them ; and t - ' the • c
and were sent
-e • In all future
le...polltans, the object is rather
to preserve the 1-
them elements than to destroy
inactivit- ~..as object will account for Garibaldi's
whir.'
~f. With his well known unselfishness, of
' ...n late events have given so great a proof, he
foregoes all the glory which might be earned by
finishing before the Piedmontese come up, in order*
to gain with their co-operation so much greater
advantage for Italy.

OCTOBER 13.
A complete standstill in the operations. Garibaldi
one to Naples for some days to superintend politics.

It is stated that a special meeting of the Regent's
„Can al
of applying
is about to be called to consider the expedi-
ency aPPlying to Parliament in the ensuing session for
d m7resn.to make a railway along the line of th'e canal from
lane to Limehouse, to be worked in conjunction with
the canal,

ITALIAN UNITY.
(From the Ttine,s.)
The dead set which the French clergy are making
on the Emperor, joined to the strong pressure of
Austria and Russia, through their Ministers at
Paris, might perhaps make a less resolute man and
less deep calculator waver in the present cause of
Italian unity. We cannot imagine that much can
come even of such combined pressure in the present
case. As for the foaming torrent of invective
which is being discharged from the mouth of the
French Episcopate, ho can hardly think it worth
more attention than the flattery from the same
mouth a little time ago. These fawning adulators,
who have but just risen from licking the dust
before him, have well earned an extremity of con-
tempt. These caitiffs, who made themselves the
scorn of Europe, should for mere shame slink back
into their holes when their idol disappoints them
and refuses to be their puppet. Are these men in
a position to give advice ? They committed them-
selves, body and soul, to the " elected of the 6th of
December" upon his first start; they worshipped
him as a God ; he was to think for tnem, will for
them, act for them. Well, that is just what he is
now doing. What have they to complain of ? Do
they think they have mistaken their man ? If they
have, it is too late to correct the mistake now ; and
if they do not know this there is somebody else
who does. But, what is their advice when they
give it ? Is there anything in it that could move
for a moment a man of sense ? It is made up of
the stalest assumptions, the refuse and dregs of the
old religious-political argument, worn out cries and
cut and dried platitudes, of which the history of
three centuries has proved the absolute falsehood.
r " It is true," says the Bishop of Poictiers, " the Pope
has more than St. Peter ever had, but it is required
for the spiritual chief of the whole world, the guide
of 200,000,000 of consciences." But is not the
direction of 200,000,000 of consciences quite
work enough for any man, without the addition of
a whole temporal kingdom to look after ? The
Bishop of Poictiers does not see this. It does not
occur to him to ask himself the question, " Why
does the guide of 200,000,000 of consciences want
this temporal appendage ?" He assumes it ; he
asserts it—it does not need a reason; it is too self-
evident to him for that; it is an axiom, a fact, a
truism, a law of nature; it is written in the sky
that the Pope must be a king. He can no more
argue about it than any necessary assumption in
matters of reason or practice. Why do we want to
breathe; why do we want to eat, or drink, or
sleep ? Why do we assume our own existence or
anything else? Because we find we must do so,
and in the same way the Bishop of Poictiers
assumes the necessity of a King-Pope. There must
be a King-Pope—nothing can go on without a
King-Pope—religion will drop without a King-
Pope. But this is not reason, it is impression, it is
mere habit, it is one of those irrational, artificial
instincts, which grow out of the simple continu-
ance of a particular state of things ; one of those
manufactured first principles which are of the
of the essence of delusion ; the fiction of brains
are too weak to untie any present combina-
tions, and separate principle from any existing
state of fact. The reason of Europe has been long
undermining the status quo of the Papacy, and if it
can appeal to nothing in its defence but a mere
shadow of itself, or the assumed necessity of its own
existence, which is the mere reflection of the past
in the minds of its followers, and only shows the
force of custom in the world of ideas, the shadow of
reason must yield to the substance. There is no
one who sees more clearly than the French Em-
peror the growing evidence, on which Cavour rests
so much, to the fact that the influence of religion is
not connected with this or that secular shape of
thing, and that it is a mere sham and imposture
upon such a ground to sound the alarmist cry that
religion is in danger.
The Russian and Austrian screw may possibly
work a little deeper than the clerical one, but the
arguments of these Courts will not gain much, at
any rate, from the general position and intrinsic
credit of the advisers. Their fundamental relations
to the new French dynasty are not such as to im-
part a very genuine character to any suggestions
they may offer for the benefit of French policy.
Napoleon 111. has, from the very nature and basis
of his throne, one absorbing and engrossing inte-
rest, itiad that is the success of his own dynasty.
His first thought on his ascent was a spouse of the
Royal blood of Europe, for Royal alliances are the
natural prop of a European throne. But he could
not get one, because certain Courts were resolved
to look on him as an adventurer. Two Courts, how-
ever, have given him the treatment of a Royal King,
and given him solid help and support as the founder
of a dynasty ; and those are the English and Sar-
dinian; the one gave him a Royal reception which
would have suited the descendant of a hundred
Kings; the other gave his family a Royal Princess.
And we may add—without going into the casuistry
of the original commencement of the Italian under-
taking—that, now that the cause of Italian unity is
fairly afloat, Napoleon's liberal Italian policy has
cemented and confirmed English approbation of all
the acts of the French Emperor connected with this
movement ; but it is not too much to say that the
patronage of the cause of Italian unity has given
French despotism a much more favourable light
to stand in before the English public than it would
otherwise have had; and this applies, we need not
say, in a much stronger degree to Sardinia.
It is certainly a question, then, whether Napoleon
could possibly gain much by receding at this
time of day, when the stream oe events has been
allowed to flow so far, from the cause of Sardinia
and Italian unity at the suggestion of two Courts who
naturally support dynastic interests wholly opposite
to his own, It may very likely be the case that the
cause of Italian unity has outstripped his original de-
sign, gone faster than he wanted, and taken a shape
which he had never intended for it. His ideawas that
of a confederacy which would have raised no new
Power in Europe, have given ample opportunity
for French interference, and possibly issued only in
an exchange of French influence for Austrian in
Italy. That idea has been obliged to vanish before
facts, rola the form which Italian unity
i is now as-
suming is that of one compact kingdom n powerful
aa.-aiirustrative hands. This is a different thing al-
I together, and the dream of a French possession of
Italy is over. Still Sardinia is his ally, his rela-
tion ; he wants royal connexions; it is his interest
to support them and make the most of them when
he has got them. A great Italian monarchy in al-
liance and affinity with the Napoleonic dynasty
would be a gain in this light, even if it left less
room for the control of France as an empire over
Italian politics. The French Emperor is too sag. -
cious to be angry with a movement because it has
not quite answered his expectations ; he knows the
uncertainty of human events as well as any one,
and the wisdom of meeting them half-way, and ex-
tracting all the advantage which can be extracted
from thcm,.if more cannot be. With all drawbacks
his interest even now lies in the cause of Italian
unity ; it will give him, at any rate, one great
European Royal alliance ; whereas to recede from
it, now that it has made such way, would be to lose
one alliance and possibly not get another in its
place, to embitter Sardinia, to disgust England, and
to abandon that whole ground which strengthened
his throne in the feelings of the liberal nations of
Europe,

(From the Daily News.)

It was the startling reflection of an ancient ver-
ger in one of our cathedrals to an occasional wor-
shipper, who had remarked a sort of suspended
animation in the performance of the service, and a
sleepiness in the preaching of a minor Canon,
" Sir, I have teen five and twenty years verger of
this church, and, thank Heaven ! I am not an
atheist yet." We cannot help fancying that some
such sensation of pleased surprise must have
flitted of late across the brain, if not the heart, of
many an honest and enlightened believer in the
superhuman prerogatives and pretensions of the
Holy Father, whose advisers and apostles hive
been running a muck of commination at almost all
the Powers in heaven and earth, from Providence
in default to Victor Emmanuel in possession. Let
us only conceive a sincere disciple of the Roman
Church, who should be neither an Irish repealer,
nor an English convert, nor a French royalist, nor
a Roman nobleman, nor a Spanish crusader. Let
us suppose this simple-minded creature to have
lived so far out of the way of realities as to imagine
that the Vicar of Christ is a paragon of meekness,
paik.nce, and unworldliness, and his authority
purely zioral mid unsecular. Conceive this ingenu-
ous specimen of the Faithful suddenly transported
to Antonellift; ante-chambers in the Vatican, or even
to a church in IN-Thich the gentle Cullen is pouring
forth a flood of prayer and praise, in a style which
resembles nothing in the whole range of human
language so much as the choicest Billingsgate ren-
dered into dog-Latin and back again. Or let oar
ideal Catholic take up a pastoral of that polite
academician the Bishop of Orleans, or the portfolio
of General Lamoriciere, or any recent number of
the Journal of Roane, and study any .one of
ill nor
I;fa:test developments of faith and doctrine. -W
ii,:_q soul be strengthened and refreshed by these
-table words of peace and charity? O
awe
ur in-
' 4.riend can scarcely.fail to gaze with
combo
genuous ~.. ..niring
n. procession, so to speak, of all
upon this i
• ^ virtues, all the humilities, all the
the graces, allith, Christian life in its highest
abnegations of the wortunately, however, for
earthly expression. .- •ged not place themselves
heretical journalists, they 11. •„n -mporal powers
at an ideal point of view WI),
are in question. mtinue to
We are free to confess that vve c. il that is
derive edification and instruction from al. ih and
•%passing before our eyes at Rome, in, Franc,', ..