The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 17, 1860.

SOUTH WALES IN AUTUMN.
BOARD and LODGING.—A LADY or TWO
SISTERS, wishing for a comfortable. Home in a
beautiful and romantic part of South Wales, may be accom-
modated on very favourable terms.
For further particulars apply to Dirs. DURANT, 85, New-
gate-street, City, London.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
TOURISTS' SEA-SIDE and FAMILY TICKETS,
available for a month, or longer by extra payment, are now
issued at Paddington and other principal stations.
To Exeter, Bideford, Barnstaple, Dawlish, Teig,nmouth,
Torquay, and Paignton, 50s. first class, and 355. second class.
Truro, 60s. and 40s. And Penzance, 655. and 455. To parties
of not less than three persons.
To Weymouth, Dorchester, and Bridport, 355. and 255. ; to
parties taking not less than four first or six second class
tickets.
To the Isle of Man, Bangor, and Beaumaris, via Cheater
and Liverpool, 70s. and 50s.
To Llandudno, via Liverpool, 67g. and 475.
To Carnarvon, via Llangollen and Llanberris, and to Bala
and Dolgelly, via Llangollen, 70s. and 50s.
To Narberth-road and New Milford, for Tenby and Milford
Haven.—Tourists' tickets, 725. and si's. ; family tickets (to
parties of not less than three persons), 635. and 455.
To Limerick and Killarney, for the south of Ireland, via
Milford Haven and Waterford. £5 ss. and £4.
Bills, giving full particu ars, can be obtained at the Com-
pany's offices and stations, or upon application to the Super-
intendent at Paddington.

he wants to make Italy free, and he makes her war-
like. This is not one of his smallest merits.

It is scarcely necessary to observe, and it would
be useless to dissimulate, that all that is done now

s only preparation for the Mineio and Po. Before

beginning the last and decisive struggle which
must make Italy free there must be union of forces
between the North and the South. How this ulti-
mate hope is uppermost in all minds could be seen
a few days ago, when the rumour spread that the
Austrians had crossed the Mincio. The rumour
spread like wildfire, and Sicily and Naples were
willingly forgotten in the excitement of the moment.
Every one expected to be led immediately against
the Austrians.

The batteries on the Faro point are getting into
shape ; two heavily armed ones have already their
guns in position, and can open fire wherever it may
be thought convenient. The others arc preparing,
and will probably to-morrow or the day after have
their armament. The diversity of armament is
just as great as that in the uniform. One might
make a history of the progress in gunnery and fire-
arms, from the Enfield and Swiss rifle down to the
flint-lock metamorphosed into a percussion gun,
with no few specimens of old Brown Bess. In guns
in the same way, 68-pounder ship guns, long
and short 32, 24, and 18 -pounder : siege guns,
bridge, field, mountain guns, &c. Any one but
Garibaldi would have despaired of ever making
anything out of this historical cabinet, but the
great genius of our General consists in using what.
ever he has to the best advantage.
Of the preparations for crossing it would be too
early to speak, but I can assure you they are get-
ting on fast enough. The diplomatists have no
time to lose, for events will not wait for them. In
popular movements and with popular armies no
time can be lost. A short respite after a success is
not only useful,—nay, necessary, but all along de-
lays aro a decided disadvantage. The etia of gar-
rison life are not for us ; they deteriorate our
troops, while active campaigning keeps them in a
state of healthy excitement.
This afternoon Garibaldi was to have passed in
review the first category of the town of Messina.
You will remember that this first category, includ-
ing all men from 17 to 30, is to form what may be
called the active army, while the second, from 30 to
40, and the third, from 40 to 50, are to be a kind of
stationary force for the security of the garrison and

fanatics of Syria—it will be cheaper and wiser to
endeavour to solve the Eastern problem at once ; to
further postpone it is cruel to all alike, and an act
of moral cowardice.

On the other hand, it is said the Turkish Empire
possesses elements of vitality little dreamt of in
Europe—a vitality as tenacious and invincible as
any. Few Western States, it is urged, could have
supported a foreign invasion, an armed occupation,
and a social revolution, as Turkey did from 1854
to 1856. Persons who take this view argue that—

" Mieux vaut un sage ennerni

Qu'un maladroit ami."
And all the evils of Turkey, they contend, proceed
from the maladroitness of the Sultan's friends,
whose representatives or ambassadors at Constanti-
nople lower his dignity and diminish his authority
by the imperious tone of their remonstrances, and
the de haut en bait style in which they convey the
advice of their respective Cabinets. The Porte has
undertaken reforms of the greatest moment, which
are the object of suspicion and hatred by all " true
believers"—that is to say, the majority of the Mos-
lem population. Nothing but the absolute and
theocratic despotism of the Sultan can secure their
adoption, and it does seem the height of folly to en-
feeble his authority in the eyes of his subjects.
Such, in a few words, are the rival opinions of
persons out here. Which is the right one time will
shortly show, for the settlement of the Eastern
question is rapidly approaching.

(FROM ANOTHER CORRESPONDENT.)
ALEXANDRIA, AUG. 6.
Oar latest intelligence from Beyrout is to the
2d inst., and was brought by the French mail
steamer, which leaves to morrow for Marseilles.
Since the arrival of Fuad Pasha and Admiral Martin
things have continued pretty quiet in the neigh-
bourhood of the city ; and although very little con•
fidence is expressed in the ability of the Turkish
Governor to maintain permanent peace and order,
yet the presence of Fund Pasha and the measures
he hat. taken were, to a certain extent, producing a
tranquilising effect upon the minds of the public.

Kurschid Pasha, the late Governor of Beyrout,
his secretary and dragoman, have been sent to Con-
stantinople, and they have been followed by the
civil and military commanders of Deir-01-Kamar.
On the 27th ult., Fuad Pasha left for Damascus,
whence Achmet Pasha, the Governor, had likewise
already been sent to the capital.
These men, there can be little doubt, go to Con-
stantinople feeling tolerably confident in their own
minds that, whatever danger there may be, it is more
threatening to their pockets than to their persons.
Their cashboxes, they must reflect, are sure to lose
very much in weight, but that is no reason why
they themselves should do the same. Turkish
Pashas can look upon such matters with sufficient
serenity of mind. All is ordained by fate ; and,
after all, those infidel dogs will presently cease
their howling to begin snarling at each other, ac-
cording to their wont. Snug berths will then soon
be found, where empty coffers can without much
trouble or difficulty be replenished. There is no
scarcity of good posts in the wide dominions of the
Sultan, and whether the wherewithal be extracted
from Christians or from true believers will matter
very little. Such, we know, is the train of reason-
ing to which Turkish officials, high and low, uni-
versally have recourse when in trouble or disgrace,
and it but rarely happens that they are disap-
pointed. Whether, however, in this particular in-
stance the parties will find themselves mistaken,
and their conduct be subjected to a strict and im-
partial investigation, is a question upon which few
persons in this part of the world will venture to
pronounce themselves.
Since the arrival of Fuad Pasha at Damascus, on
the 30th ult., the only news is that he refused to
receive the members of the Divan when they called
upon him ; that the Christians had received permis.
sion to leave the place, which they were prevented
from doing before ; and that some 2,000 persons
had availed themselves of the liberty. and were
seeking refuge at various places on the coast, chiefly
at Beyrout.
From Jaffa we learn that the panic lately pre-
valent there had likewise subsided since the arrival
of the British and French vessels of war. All per-
sons entering the town were disarmed at the gates.
The French Rear-Admiral and the French Com-
mander had paid a visit to Jerusalem, where
Turkish soldiers had been placed to keep guard
over the Christian churches and convents. De-
tachments of troops had likewise been sent to
Caipha, Nablous, and Bethlehem ; but as may
naturally be supposed, after the recent conduct of
the Turkish soldiers, these measures do not contri-
bute much towards the establishment of any sort
of general feeling of security.
The Viceroy of Egypt has been at little pains
to conceal his disappointment and chagrin at not
having been asked to send a body of troops to Syria,
to assist in quelling the disturbances, and he has
been still more free in exhibiting his feelings of
anxiety and annoyance at the idea of an interven•
tion by means of French troops. People differ
somewhat in their modes of accounting for the cir-
cumstance, but perhaps, like many private indivi-
duals, Said Pasha prefers his friends when they are
at some distance.
The news of the loan that has been contracted by
the Egyptian Government has probably before this
become known in Europe. Here the matter re-
mained a profound secret until the arrival, some
days ago, of the Viceroy's agent, Drancht Bey. The
latter left for Paris by the Calcutta mail with the
contract duly signed. The sum is understood to be
20,000,000 f., and the money is advanced by the
Bureau d'Escompte, through the banking-house of
Laffitte, without security, at 6 per cent. per annum
interest and 3 per cent. commission. The object
of the loan is to assist in paying off the Govern-
ment bonds in circulation, amounting to about
£2,250,000 sterling, and the due dates of which ex-
tend over a period of about three years from the
present time. This, it is stated, forms an express
part of the contract, and Said Pasha, moreover,
binds himself for the future to maintain the amount
of floating debts within the limit of 4,000,000 f. In
the event, however, of any unforeseen emergency
he will be at liberty to exceed that sum ; but in such
case the first option to discount the bonds he may
propose to issue shall be offered to his French credi-
tors. Since the promulgation of this news the rate
of discount upon Government Bonds has declined
to the extent of 2to 3 per cent. The present rate
♦aries from about 13 per cent. for long paper—say,
of two to three years, to 15 per cent. for bonds of
three to four months.
Many persons here look grave at the idea of the
country being involved in a debt in which they
imagine the French Government may not be with-
out interest. But, even granting that this were so,
the amount is as yet comparatively so small, being
scarcely three months' revenue, that it would be
premature to feel alarm on the subject. If a
determined course of economy be persistently ad-
hered to, the sum will be sufficient to render it an
easy task to free the Government from the debts
which have latterly been assuming the form of an
intolerable burden, and which threatened to become
a source of perpetual embarrassment. All that is
required, therefore, is that the Viceroy should per-
severe in his present good intentions of economy,
and, if so, even though, in contracting a loan, he
may have exceeded the strict limits of his legiti-
mate power, it may, perhaps, be most expedient for
those who wish the country well to close their eyes
to the irregularity of the proceeding. In speaking
of the debts of the Egyptian Government I have,
however, not taken into account the 31 millions
sterling incurred by the Viceroy's subscription to
the Isthmus of Suez Canal scheme. It is certainly
the most unfortunate of all, for although it will
doubtless become more and more apparent that
whatever is spent on the Isthmus or on either of its
shores is irretrievably gone, yet there is but little
hope that the parties concerned will relax the hold
they have got of the Viceroy. Indeed, it may be
well if the penalty he will have to pay be confined
to the loss of merely the portion of the capital, large
as it is, for which he has given his name.

GREAT YARMOUTH REGATTA.—This affair came
off on Tuesday. The prize of £5O offered for first •class
yachts was not competed for. The second-class yacht prize
of £3O was won by the Belvidere, of Yarmouth. The wea-
ther was fine, and the proceedings passed off very agree-
ably.