The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-30 00:00:00

IRELAND,

R BUCHAN'S PATENT SUGAR-COATED
D
VEGETABLE PILLS, VEGETABLE SKIN OINT-
MENT, and CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE,
for purifying-the Blood, Regulating the Bowels, and removing
Vitiated Humours, Bilious and Liver Complaints, Rheuma-
tism, Gout, Scorbutic Affections, Costiveness, Skin Erup-
ticrns, deep-seated Ulcers, and all diseases of the Nervous
System, from whatever cause, &c., affording at once a new
lease of life to the sickly and aged of both sexes, whilst in
addition imparting a beautiful and clear complexion, so anxi-
ously sought for by all. Proved by the sworn testimonies
made before the Lord Mayor of London, and sitting Magis-
trates. Sold by Buchan and Co , patentees, 22, Newman-street,
Oxtord-street, London, W., and all chemists in town and
country. Prices :—Pills, per box, ls. lid.. 2s. 9d., and Ils. ;
Ointment, per pot, ls. lid., and 2s. 9d. ; Essence, per bottle,
lls., or family bottle containin,g four times that quantity, 335.
Agents :—Barclay, 75, Farringdon-street ; J. Sanger, 150,
Oxford-street 1 Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Butler, 4, Cheap-
side ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London-bridge ;R.
Howden, 78, Gracechurch-street ; Prout, 229, Strand, die. itC.
Just published, gratis, or post free for one stamp, to be had
of all Agents, and at 22, Newman-street, Extracts from Dr.
Buchan's Work, entitled, BUCIIAN'S DOMESTIC MEDI-
, CINES, being a Book of Reference, containing instructions
, for the cure of every ailment incidental to man, woman, or
child.
---------..

S. G-REAT MARLOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR
TB UE PANTHEON.
R. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
L./ College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and kpo-
hecariss' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as
above, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive lindul-

genes
liar Just published, price is. ; by post, 13 stamps,
18_sealed,

No. 4. -
An entire new and original Work, entitled"
OURSELVES.
Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation
—The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure.
Also, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange-
ments and Marital Disqualifications,
MALE.
The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagia
Gonorrhcea), Spermatorrhcea, Impotency, and all Diseases of
the Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, &o.
FEMALE.
The Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Funciional Ir-
rerrularities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Maiage—
Their Expectancies and Disappointments—Tlvt Cause and
ltemoval of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta-
tien—Use of the Speculum. Also,
No. 1.
HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY ;
On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion,
No. 2.'
LOVE AND MARRIAGE :
Their Oblie•ations, Happiness, and Disappointments; Love
4nd other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off-
pring secured.

No. Z.
THE CASE BOOK :
100 Cases of SPERMATOREHMA.
Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions and
Cure by Cauterisations, Galvanism, &c. &c. &O.
To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Authors.
Advice to the Workinre Classes fee Half-a-Guinea.
(SPECIAL NOTICE.)
Dr. Culverwell is the only lcgally qualified medical practi-
tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as
above).

----------
CURTIS ON MANHOOD NEW EDITION :
A. MEDICAL ESSAY ON
D ISE NERVOUS AND GENERA-
Just S
Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates.
in a sealed envelope, price la., Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, for 1 2 stamps,
14 ANHOOD
MATURE: the
DECLI N CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
1_ :E wit h Pl ain Directions for
Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. ByJ. L. CURTIS,
t 5; Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER cn the Physiological
Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs.
CHAPTER IT.—Causes of Supermatorrhma and Impotence;
Early Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect.
CHAPTER lII—A Review of the various Disqualifications
o,t l'tlarria,e ; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the
Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
CH /arc ER IV.—'rhe Author's plan ot Treatment, Medical
and Moral, being the result of a successful practice extending
over a period of 25 ears.
CHAPTERS V.y and VI. on the modern Treatment of
Gonorrhoea and Syphilis.
The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting
eases, to which is added the Author's receipt of a preventive
Lotion.

REVIEWS OF THE WORK.
" Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and
should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times,"
".3d March, 1856.
"The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this
tittle work, in which is described the source of those diseases
Sold also
which produce decline in youth Marchore frequently premature
old age:"—" Daily Telegraph," 27, 1856.
Cornhill Co.,by Rent and C Paternoster-row;
Mann, 39

A little exercise of observation and reire"Cribl
will enable any man at the present moment to dis-
cern the action of a great revolution. It is a peace-
ful revolution, certainly ; but, though it is not
working by convulsions or catastrophes, it is pro-
ceeding with extreme rapidity, and has already
modified the national character and social relations
of Englishmen. Mr. Disraeli once remarked that
railways would do more for England than monas-
teries had done, and the prediction has been verified
already. Has the reader ever thought of the effect
produced by excursion trains ? He has perused,
probably, the gigantic placards in which these
undertakings are announced, and observed that
anybody may be carried almost anywhere at the
rate of about ten miles for a penny, but has he ever
considered how the system must have operated ? It
has operated by fusing into one whole all the various
divisions of these islands, by effacing provincial
peculiarities, by introducing every county to the
knowledge of every other county, and by embracing
in its infallible effects every class of society. Com-
pared with these results the other effects of rail-
ways are as nothing. It is strange, no doubt, to
think that foreign travel should have become so
common as to make Custom-house regulations a
topic of popular interest and the passport system a
genuine grievance of Englishmen. It is rather sur-
prising to hear that the Rhine steamers, which used
to carry 20,000 passengers in a season, now carry
800,000. Nearer home, it is curious to reflect that
Loch Katrine and Snowdon are now anybody's
money, and we hardly know anything more sug-
gestive than the fact that any Post-office clerk may
now go to Weymouth for his gratification, and live
in the very house occupied by King George 111.
But, though all this is very striking, it is perfectly
insignificant compared with the results of excursion
trains. Here is the real movement—the great dis-
placement of masses, the momentous change of
level. The poorest artisan, the humblest domestic
servant, can now indulge in travel, and the oppor-
tunity is improved to the utmost. The develop-
ment of the system has been wonderful. It is not
merely that whole families of the middle classes
may migrate to the seaside or the lakes for their
month of recreation, but a few shillings, or even
pence, will transport anybody to a fresh scene.
The organisation of excursion trains now com-
prehends all the principal towns, or, in other
words, all the centres of industry in the kingdom.
The chairman of the Eastern Counties stated the
other day at the meeting of the company that 27
distinct branches of excursion traffic had been esta-
blished on that line alone. Think what this must
do in amalgamating population ! Think how the
practice of pleasure-seeking must have spread when
a single festival at the Crystal Palace brings up
70,000 people from the country ! It is the migra-
tion of a large city. The monster trains drop Lon-
doners in the country and bring countrymen up to
London. There are trains, again, between most pro-
vincial centres, and they stop at all intermediate
places. Not a nurse or kitchen-maid but can go to
her friends and visit her family or her acquaint-
ances. At the beginning of the present century
service at 50 miles' distance from home was almost
equivalent to separation for life. It now hardly
parts people for six months together; and all this,
too, implies not only expansion of mind but im-
provement of position. Even travelling by an ex-
cursion train costs a shilling or two, and takes up
a certain amount of time, so that every one of these
millions of passengers must have commanded a holi-
day and acquired the means of enjoying it.
The revolutions in places are as strange as those
affecting their inhabitants, and the most secluded
spots have been the first to change. Anything
primitive or picturesque operates instantly as an
attraction. A village possessing a natural cario-
sity finds a perfect treasure in it. The place is in-
undated by excursionists, who crowd its lodgings
and consume its stores, till new markets are opened,
and new hotels rise like Aladdin's Palace. The
rock, the hill, the well, the Druidical circle, the
waste moor, the haunted cavern—objects which for
centuries have been unknown beyond the immediate
district, are now advertised and exhibited in a re-
gular way of business, till the old-fashioned hamlet
becomes a distinguished place of resort. Strangest
of all are the revolutions along the coast. Our
seaport towns have been turned inside out. So
infallible and unchanging are the attractions of
the ocean that it is enough for any place to stand
on the shore. That one recommendation is suffi-
cient. Down comes the excursion train with its
thousands some with a month's range, others
tethered to a six hours' limit, but all rushing with
one impulse to the water's edge. Where are
they to lodge ? The old " twn is perhaps
half a mile inland, and turnoed as far away
from the sea as possible, for the fishermen
who built it were by no means desirous of
always looking at the sea or having the salt
spray blowing in at their windows. They gat as
far back as they could, and nestled in the cliffs or
behind the hill for the sake of shelter and repose.
But this does not suit visitors, whose eyes are always
on the waves, and so a new town rises on the beach "
.
Marine Terraces, Sea Villas, "e
Pospect-lodges,
" Bellevues," hotels, baths, libraries, and churches
soon accumulate, till at length the old borough is
completely hidden, and perhaps only to be reached
by an omnibus.
Sometimes the people rather grumble at all this,
and complain of the strangers who increase the
price of everything. The Japanese are now raising
exactly this objection against European trade. But
it can never be otherwise than fortunate for a com-
munity to get good prices for its produce. If a mac-
kerel or a chicken costs twice as much as before there
is twice as much money to buy it with. When eggs
were cheap it was because pence were few. Take
the thing altogether, and it means only a more gene-
ral distribution of money. Visitors make trade
wherever they go, and often where there would be
no trade without them. Look at the trays of little
curiosities on the jetty or thebeach, from the tempt-
ing piece of polished amber to the common-place
shell, with its descriptive label, "To be sold, in
consequence of the death of the late tenant ;" look
at the marble knickknacks and the pebble brooches
—they would never find customers except among
people on a holyday. Fifty little trades are main-
tained by small pleasuring, for pleasuring in the
end means spending, and where money is spent
there is always somebody who gains.
But where does all the money come from ? That
is one of the most wonderful things of all, and we
commend it to Mr. Bright's attention when he next
reflects on the resources and taxation of England.
Cheap as travelling is, it costs something, and yet
the luxury is indulged in by every class, down to
the very humblest. It is beneficial, beyond a doubt.
The man who sets aside a portion of his earnings for
the yearly holyday gets a return for his money. He
finds his account in improved health and spirits, in
confirmed strength, and in a longer lease of useful-
ness ; but still the proceeding is optional, and its cost
must be defrayed out of something like a surplus.
It is not yet a necessary of life. The city trades-
man makes a good investment in airing his brains
with the atmosphere of the Lakes, or the exhilarat-
ing breezes of the German Ocean ; but before he
can invest his money he must have earned it, and
the diversion can only come after more imperative
calls have been satisfied. Now, what must be the
wealth of a country where so enormous a portion
of its population has not only enough, but to spare ?
Let any tourist during these holyday months look
around him, and then think in what a revolution
of things he is participating, and what a prodigious
amount of prosperity the facts imply.— Times.

DUBLIN, TUESDAY MORNING.
STATE OF THE LABOUR MARKET.
The Northern Whig of yesterday gives a grati-
fying report of the state of the crops in that quar-
ter. It says:—
" On the whole, after all the various songs of sor-
row chanted so dolefully on the subject, food sup-
plies are likely to be given with no sparing hand,
and in the highest class of cereals the yield promises
to exceed the average of the last four years. '
But then, it seems, a grave question stands out
for consideration—namely, the probable scarcity of
hands to gather in the bounties of Providence. " A
gentleman," continues the Belfast paper,
" Who was travelling some time ago round the
seacoast of Down, states that he felt surprised to
see so many small houses idle throughout the county.
Some of these he found roofless ; others in a partial
state of dilapidation, with doors off and windows
broken—in fact, seeming as if the band of the de-
vastator had been busy at work. In one case where
there were two or three uninhabited houses bear-
ing the evidence of having once been the homes of
small farmers, he found on inquiry that the former
occupants had gone to America, and that the pur-
chasers of the outgoing tenants' goodwill were not
permitted to use the houses as human habitations.
In this country a similar practice has been going on
under the administration of the less liberal and more
selfish landowners' property. Vast numbers of
steady, industrious labourers have been gradually
either driven to seek homes in the different towns,
or, where possessed of means for that purpose, have
emigrated to distant lands, and are, now enriching
tiftelelrby the exereisepeLotokatiAdtplpeugg4
could have been so well employed in the isle -of their
birth. The result of this wretched policy on the
part of one section of the landocracy, and carried
out, in the first instance, from the selfish dread of
increase of poor-rate taxation, has been to thin
the rural districts of a most valuable class of indus-
trials, and to cause serious disarrangements of far-
mers' operations in all times of extra demand for
labour. Ample supplies of labour are just as neces-
sary for the advantage of the farm as they are for
the success of the factory, and apart from the
cruelty of this exterminating process the extension
of its power will assuredly prove a national
calamity."
MR. SMITH O'BRIEN ON VOLUNTEERS.
Probably regarding himself as an authority on
any question relating to the arming of a people,
Mr. Smith O'Brien again appears in print for the
purpose of laying before the military world his
views upon the Volunteer movement now in pro-
gress in Great Britain. The ex-leader has ad-
dressed the following long letter to the honorary
secretary of the Dublin Association, which, it
seems, still keeps up its skeleton staff, despite the
positive declaration of the Government that there
is no present intention ofputting defensive weapons
into the hands of the Irish people at largo :
" Caermoyle, Newcastle West,
Aug. 25, 1860.
"My dear Sir,—l have to thank you for the
papers relating to the Volunteer Movement,'
which you have placed in my hands.
" I take for granted that you have sent them to
me with a view to elicit my opinion in reference to
the question, now so much debated, whether the
people of Ireland ought or ought not to take mea-
sures for the levy of a Volunteer force.
" I am happy to be able to tell you that I have
viewed with much satisfaction the manifestations
of a desire on the part of a highly respectable por-
tion of our countrymen to enrol a national force,
composed of men belonging to all parties, and pro-
fessing different creedsg, for the defence of this

island.
" I have at all times thought that military train
ing ought to form a portion of the education of
the youth of every country ; and that young
men arriving at manhood should be stimulated to
accustom themselves to the use of arms and to mili-
tary evolutions. Not only does such training give
a manly bearing to the person of a young man, but
it tends to develope vigour of character, to engen-
der habits of order founded upon discipline, and
above all, to nurture a spirit of self-reliance.
" The Swiss Confederation realises, more nearly
perhaps than any other country, the idea that I
have formed of the results which may be expected
from the organimation of it national force, by encou-
raging the military training of the inhabitants of
the country. If I have been rightly informed,
Switzerland, with a population of little more than
two millions, can place under arms, at a fortnight's
notice, an army of 250,000 men. The consequence
is that Switzerland, though comparatively power-
less when measured in point of strength and national
resources with some of the great Powers of Europe,
has yet been able to preserve an attitude which
commands the respect of all mankind.
" When I was in America last year it gave me
great satisfaction to find myself surrounded, not
only in New York and in other cities of the United
States, but even in Canada, by Irishmen who were
formed into military companies corresponding to
the volunteer force which we desire to establish in
this country. How much more intense would be
my satisfaction if I could see 10,000 men under arms
in the city of Limerick, arrayed in regiments repre-
senting the manhood of the counties of Limerick, of
Clare, and of other districts, of which Limerick is
the natural capital. How proud would be our
exultation if we could witness a review of 50,000
Irish volunteers in the Phoenix-park of Dublin ?
" To me it seems that it is not necessary or de-
sirable that hostility to any other country in the
world should be connected with the motives which
induce us to desire the formation of a volunteer
force in Ireland. In England the movement appears
to be founded upon an apprehension of France.
Now, while I respect much the national ardour
which has been excited both in England and Scot-
land in reference to the formation of a volunteer
force, I do not think it necessary to imitate our
neighbours in the disposition which they have
evinced to cherish in connection with this movement
a spirit of hostility towards France. The Emperor
of the French disavows the intention imputed to
him of invading England. The French press dis-
avows it. I have recently travelled through a con-
siderable section of France, and have conversed with
a very large number of Frenchmen. All of those
with whom I so conversed disavowed the desire of
quarrelling with England which is imputed to
them. We have, therefore, no right to assume that
the French or any other nation intend to invade
England or Ireland. But we have a right, and it
is our duty, to take care that we shall be prepared
for any eventuality
.that may arise, and that the
safety of our domestic hearths shall not be left to
the mercy, nor shall be dependent upon the protec-
tion of any people under the sun except the Irish
nation.
"If an invasion of what is called the United
Kingdom,' were really impending, it would be for
the interest of the people of England that the in-
vader should be attracted to our shores rather than
to the shores of England ; it would be for their ad-
vantage that the Irish nation should be divided
into two hostile camps, rather than that we should
be united, and by such union should become arbiters
of the destiny of the empire. It is not surprising
to me, therefore, that our shores should be left de-
fenceless, and that our people should be prevented
from taking steps which would discourage, if they
would not prevent, an invasion by the formation of
a Volunteer force composed of the united strength
of the Catholic and Protestant population of Ireland.
" For myself, I can truly say that there is not in
Ireland a single person who would more earnestly
than I deprecate an invasion. It would produce
results exactly opposite to those which I desire to
and conflagration, and proscription, and confisca-
tion,attain. It would introduce massacre, and plunder,
and civil war into the heart of our country,
whereas it is my desire that the Irish should enjoy
peace, e
anntd,
and that,
order, and
in
unity, under a national Go-
v
regard of external polity,
they should preserve friendly relations, not only
with England, but with all the rest of mankind.
ern rn
" I feel assured that nothing would tend so much
to produce these results as an indiscriminate arm-
ing of the Irish nation. The only event in our
recent history, to which all Irishmen look back
with pride, is the Volunteer movement of 1782.
The formation of a national force for the pro-
tection of this island against all its foes had at that
time the effect of bringing into kindly cooperation
elements which had been previously antagonistic to
each other ; and I believe it to be a mere pretext—
a pretext insulting to us as a nation—to tell us that
we must be treated as children, to whom sharp-
edged implements are denied lest they should injure
each other, and that, while the population ore Eng-
land and of Scotland are encouraged to ppare
themselves for the defence of their country, we are
to be denied the first privilege of freemen—the
right of bearing arms—because we shall employ
these arms in butchering each other.
" On the contrary, I feel convinced that
.if the
Protestants and Catholics of Ulster were in the
habit of associating together nnder a common
standard, as members of a volunteer force, such
unhappy incidents as that which occurred a few