The Sun.
London, England, 1856-06-02 00:00:00

and rights, guaranteed them by the Treaty of
Vienna. They enumerate them as follows :

Art. 1. The Poles, subjects of Austria, Russia,
and Prussia respectively, will have a representa-
°ion and a national institution !

Art. 6. The City of Cracow, with its territory,
is declared for ever a free city, independent, and
strictly neutral !
Art. 9. The courts of Russia, Austria, and
Prussia bind themselves to respect, and cause to
be respected, at all times, the neutrality of the
free city of Cracow and its territory, No armed
force shall be introduced into it under any pre-
text whatever ! ! !

According to the Treaty of Vienna Poland is a
Kingdom, distinct from Russia, with its own Go-
vernment, laws, and army, and the entrance of a
Russian army is illegal. In the whole affair of
the Peace there is nothing therefore more igno-
minious to England than this evasion of responsi-
bility for Poland. Their own fifth basis of peace
gave them a right to bring the subject forward.
Me permanent interests of Europe confessedly
demanded it. Justice to the Poles, whose rights
were placed in a worse position if neglected on
such a European occasioa, required that they
should have a record, if only in protocols, which
could be abused readily enough in the wrong of
Belgium. The deserts, however, of men who longed
far more than Sardinia to fight the great battle
of European liberty, but were not permitted in
time, ought surely to have been considered.
It is hardly possible to conceive stronger pleas
than those presented by the Poles. The solemn
Treaty of Vienna, never yet abrogated, by which
Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, and France are what
they are, and to which England and Russia were
actual parties ;—the impossibility without an in-
dependent Poland, of lasting security for Turkey,
Austria, or Prussia ;—the injustice of blotting
out from the map of Europe the name of a Chris-
tian kingdom of 20,000,000 of people, when
so many other races, and Mahommedan Turkey
itself, have been taken under its protec-
tion ; the forwardness of the Poles everywhere to
aid the Allies against their oppressors, and, we
may add, the lives and treasure which would have
been saved had their aid been accepted ;—the
deep interest always felt by the people both of
England and France in Polish emancipation ;
these and other facts which might be mentioned,
constitute such a petition of right in the face of all
Europe as ought even now to obtain attention.
A. series of facts which will for ever brand the
peace of Paris with the stigma of injustice, and
short-sighted timidity ; for Russia could not have
fought in Poland.
ALEXANDER, however, is awake. His first
journey is to Warsaw; his first address the
mingled cajolery and threats for which Russia is
so well known. All sort of despot blessings will
be showered ou the Poles—only let them seek
their happiness in amalgamation with their gentle
oppressors, not in the national independence,
without which, to be happy is to be base. Such
is the paternal advice 'of a CZAR to his manacled
slaves.

MINISTERIAL ENTERTAINMENTS. The customary
full dress banquets, in honour of her Majesty's birthday
(with one exception postponed from Thursday last), took
place on Saturday evening. The mansions of the seve-
ral Ministers were illuminated, and after dinner, at
each of the banquets, the health of her Majesty was pro-
posed by the host, and responded to with much enthu-
siasm by the guests.
The Countess of Exmouth has left the Pavillion Ho-
tel for town on her return from the continent.
The Duke and Duchess de Fitzjames, accompanied
by a numeral s suite, have left the same Intel.
General and Mrs. Robinson are sojourning at th •
Pavillion Hotel in Folkestone.
DEATH OF GENERAL J. F. BIRCH, C.B.—We have
to record the death of General J. F. Birch, of the Royal
Engineers, who died on Thursday last. The gallant
general had been in the army above 60 years, and had
seen much service.
AMERICAN MAILS.—The British and North American
Royal Mail-steamer Arabia, Captain Stone, sailed from
Liverpool for New York about 5 o'clock on Saturday
afternoon with the mails and 114 passengers.
AUSTRALIA.- PLYMOUTH, Sunday Evening.—H.M.
sloop, Fantome, Commander Gennys, 118 days from
Melbourne, passed up the Channel off this port this af-
ternoon. She brings 4,000 ounces of gold. Lieutenant
Holler, 40th Regiment, who took passage in her, landed
at Plymouth.
The letters from the Continent express anxiety regard-
ing the effect of the weather on the crops. The con-
tinued floods in France threaten damage to the wheat,
and from Milan a considerable rise in silk is reported to-
day by telegraph, also in consequence of prolonged rain.
NEW RUSSIAN LOAN.—The amount of the new Rus-
-ian Loan, we are informed, is for either 15,000,0001. or
20,000,0001. sterling, ina 4 per cent. stock redeemable by
a sinking fund of 1 per cent., by the hypothecation of
cn,tims duties. Only a small portion (about 5,000,0002.)
will, it is expected, be offered in the London market.
We regret to state that a heavy affliction has fallen
upon the Earl Jerinyn, by the sudden and premature
demise of his accomplished daughter, the Lady Elizabeth
Hervey. We believe that fever of a malignant character
was the fatal disease which has struck down this la-
mented young lady.
The advices from Paris received on Saturday after-
noon state that great excitement prevailed on the
Bourse yesterday, in consequence of the failure of M.
Place, one of the directors of the Credit Mobilier, with
engagements to the extent of 18,000,0001., or 720,0001.
sterling.
IRISH SPIRITS.—In 1855, 6,228,856 gallons of proof
spirits were entered for home consumption in Ireland,
against 8,410,734 gallons in 1854, and 8,130,362 in
1853. There were, in 1855, 2,214 detections of offences
against the excise laws, 597 prosecutions, and 464 con-
victions, the result of which wa sthe immuring in gaols
of 246 persons.
SOUTHAMPTON, MAY 31.—At a meeting of the town-
council, held to-day. Mr. Richard Andrews was elected
Mayor of this town in the place of Mr. Sampson Payne,
deceased. This is the fourth time this gentleman
has received the civic honours of this ancient port, his
known liberality and great anxiety for the welfare and
prosperity of Southampton having gained for him the
esteem of a large number of its inhabitants.

ARTISTS' BENEVOLENT FUND.—The anniversary din-
ner of this institution took -place on Saturday at the
Freemasons' Hotel, Great Queen-street; the Right floc.
the Earl of Carn%rvon in the chair. After dinner the
Secretary read a list of subscriptions, including a dona-
tion of 100 guineas from her Majesty, of 101. from the
Duke of Sutherland, 101. from Sir John Swinborne, and
numerous ethers, making together a total of 4121. 10s.
THE EFFECTS OF PALMER'S CONVICTION.—The
Leeds Intelligeneer says :—lnformation was received in
Wakefield, on Thursday, that a person named Fisher,
coachman to Colonel Smyth, M.P. for York, has com-
mitted suicide in consequence of having lost a large
suns of money betted on the probable acquittal of
Palmer. He has left a wife and four children, who are
living in this town.

FOREIGN SHIPPING.—The sums paid last year under
the act 59 George 111., chap. 54, for the difference of
rates and charges due to corporations, companies, or
individuals for foreign vessels admitted by treaty of
reciprocity or otherwise into the United Kingdom, at the
same rates of charge as British vessels, amounted to
40,3001., making, together with the amounts paid up to
the 31st of December, 1854, a grand total of 981,6301.
BAZAAR IN REGENT'S-PARK.--A bazaar on a some-
what extensive scale is appointed to take place to-mor-
row (Tuesday) in the grounds of the Toxopholite Society,
Regent's-park, on behalf of the Hospital for Consump-
tion at Brampton. A mammoth tent has been pitched, to
accommodate 10,000 persons, and from the objects pre-
sented to the charity for sale, and the number of aristo-
cratical ladies who have consented to preside at stalls,
an interesting affair is anticipated.

THE GREAT SHIP.—The Eastern Steam Navigation
Company are issuing tickets to the public to view the
monster ship which is now being built at Millwall, by the
firm of Scott Russell and Co. These tickets, which
may be obtained at the offices of the company, under
certain regulations, admit visitors between the hours of
a quarter to one and a quarter to two o'clock, p.m.,
daily, during the first five days in the week, and on Sa-
turdays between three and five o'clock p.m.
The West London Union have called the attention of
the City Commissioners of Sewers to the unhealthy and
over-crowded state of Plumtree-court, near the foot of
Holborn hill, and much surprise has been called forth
at the existence of such a state of things in the City as
disclosed by Dr. Letheby ; but there are many such
spots in the metropolis, and their locality can at once be ,
ascertained by inquiry at the great hospitals from what
places their patients with fever and other contagious
diseases come. —Building News.
PRESENTATION TO SIR CHARLES NAPIER, K.C.13.
Robert Adams, Esq., Provost of Falkirk, accompanied
by Alexander Macfarline, Esq., of Thornhill, banker
there, and R. W. Kinnaird, Esq., of the Falkirk Iron-
works, on Thursday last, waited on Sir Charles Napier,
and presented him with a handsome piece of plate—a
salver. Sir Charles said he had much pleasure in ac-
cepting of this gift from his friends in the place of his
birth. The gentlemen afterwards dined with the gallant
Admiral,