The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-15 00:00:00

LONDON, T S DAY

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TRALIA.

Yeeterday, at two (Mock, alaree and, influential public
meetingeconvened at the instance of the General-Associa-
tion for the Australian Colonies, was hell at the LendoU
Tavern, BiShopsgate-street, to determine on the -best means
to betaken to insure the immediate..re-establishment of
our steam postal relations with Australia. The Right Ilea.
the lord Mayor was called to the chair, and among the
coniparry on the platform were the Earl of Hardwicke,
Lord Stanley, M.P,' Mr. Ker SeYiner, M,P.. Mr. W.
Brown, M.P., Mr. John M`Gregor, Mr. R. W.
Crawford, Mr. W. Cs Wentworth, Mr. C. 13: Newenham,
Sheriff of - South Australia, Mr. De Salle, M hee Stevenia.
Mr. O'Bierne,: .Mr. Dakin; lifialtavensiraw, Mr. J. A.::
Yo-iil, and' many other gentlemen of influence and standing.
The CHAntuAN; in opening. the proceedings, expieSsed
the pleasure he, felt in seeing -.so large-and influential W
meeting before hiO3, because the subject .on' which they
were called together to deliberete was second to none in
importance to this country. (Cheers.) No one- ould have
a higher opinion of the importance of the Australian colo-
nies to the mother country than himself, and it lied been
a subject of great regret to him that'solittlo had hitherto
been-done with the view of bringing those colonies within.
a reasonable time of doinniunication with the parent State.
(Hear, hoar.) Most 'of them were aware that a ship with
a large freight of gold was now considered out of time, and
although, perhaps, the period of her being out Might not
be very great, yet the apprehension of persons expecting
remittances by that vessel probably drove them into the
market to give a. heavy premium, which; if the ship ar-
rived, might be said, to be money unfairly taken from
the colotiets, or from their agents in this country.
(Hear, • hear.)- Dining the last year especially, when
money in this country was very scarce; every' day which
a vessel bringing- the mails to this'conntry was-detained
at sea was an injury to the public and- a lose. tai • mer-
chants engaged in' the trade' ith Australia: 'The money,
therefore,hat would be saved by an improved postal com-
munication would go a long way, towarda the expense of a
subsidy ; and the ineetine'-in coining forward to urge on
the Government, both for themselves and for the-colonies,
to expedite the employment of a fleet of steamships to
carry on the intercourso.between the Attstialian colonies
and this-country, instead of sailing vessels, wore doing a
groat public service. He trusted the result would be that
a line of steamships would.be establiShed to remedy the in-
conveniences' which they bad hitherto felt, and -that 'the
cemmunication .betseeert: the:Australian colonies and the
mother country would be further facilitated by the adop-
tion °florae more direct and eligible route than the pre-
Sent.. (Hear.) :He concluled: by calling upon Mr. Went-
worth,. an eminent colonist in NeW South, Wales, to move
the first resolution.
Mr. NITENTivOnTa saidehe hid passed the greater part of
his life in Australia, and he could conscientiopely say that
there was but one feeling of indignation and disgust in re-
ference to this cpidstion prevalent from one end of the
Australian colonies to the other. (Cheers 4 Steam, com-
munication was ofileially promised to the colonies in 1816,
and treat promise, tardily made; was reluctantly fanned
in 1852—six years afterwards ; and then, instead of giving
the service to one competent public company, it was split
into two parts,, and the ono assigned to the General, Screw
Company; and the other .to the-Petinsular and Oriental
Company. It. was. predicted from-- the first,' both in the
colonies and, in this country, that the route round the Cape
cOnld not be aceomplished in any certain time by the sub-
sidiary screw vessels which lesloeged to.the.Gmeral Screw
Company. It was known that the vessels wore too small
and that the places of coaling were too far apart. Those
apprehensions wore verified by the result; for the average
time taken by the General Screw Company's ships to per-
forin the voyage between this country and Australia was •
84 days. Tho contract of the
.Peninsular and Oriental
Company was performed by subsidiary vessels, branching
off from the great Indian steam dine at Ceylon, and one of
the stipulations in that contract was that the steamers
should go at the rate of 8i miles an hour; but, in point,
of fact,..they only wont 6 miles an• hour. Still, bow-
ever, they performed the voyage. in
,64 days, which it
took the General Screw Company 84 days to do. That
state of things continued for about two yeara In 1854 the
General Screw Company's ships employed in the Atistra-
lien postal service were 'required. for the purposes 6f the
war; it was said, also, that the other company's vessels
were wanted for the same purpose, and upon that pretext
the steam communication with Australia, bad as it was,
was extiogniehel, or, rather, he should say, suspended,
for in a Treasury minute on the subject it was expressly
stated that the contract extended.from 1853 to 1861, and
seas therefore still in force. The universal impression,
however, in the colony was that these companies took the
contract at tocelow a rate, and that they were anxious to
get rid of it, and that the alleged requirements of the war
were a pretext, and not a reality. lie came to this Conn-
try in one of Mr vessels-belongiag to 'thee Peninsular and
Oriental-Company jest before the war broke out,, and he
knew that that ship, instead of being pressed into the ser-
vice of the War.' was intattediately entinto the opium trade
with China. He was told that other vessels on the-line
went into the same trade.. At all events, the result was
that it was decided about that time to carry on thesteam
communication with China twice a month. anti to drop the
Australian service altogether. (" Hear," and "Shame.")
Since that time they had had what. was called a clipper
line, one of whicleclippers had been out 110 days ; so that,
'bad as the postal communication was carried on by the
Peninsuler and Oriental Company, it was certainly better
than it was under-the clifper service, for those clippers had
been 84. days on an.a.v.sEige piogirL.oo4-10,,ft:4,AL)
47Fpricktrup their ears anti went to the immense labour
of preparing a Treasury minute on the subject. A very:
general opinion prevailed that the substance of that doeu-
meat was that the steam communication was to be imme-
diately resumed ; but, in point of.fact, a reference had
been made by it to the Australian colonies to ascertain the
amount of contribution or subsidy which each colony *as,
willing to. pay for so great n' benefit. (Flear, hear.) Upon
that, question of subsidy, though the colonists did not mean
to make ma stand upon it, he felt bouaa to eneke an obser-:
vation or two. ,Wheii the steam.postal line was established
by the Government in 1852, the whole cost of it, whatever
it was,-waa paid out of the Imperial exchequer, in confor-
mity with the univered rule in respect to the postal ser-
vice between the colonies and tho'inother country, that of
the LA India eampany excepted, and he asked upon what
principle of common justice or fairness could the Austra-
lian colonies be called on to pay ono-half of the expense of
the steam postal service with the parent. state •, why should
they be treated differently from the other colonies of the
kindom? (Rear.) Mr. Wentworth went on to contend
that, though the colonies were the parties moving in this
matter, it was really and truly more an Imperial queStion
than a colonial one, and this he sought to establish by a
reference to the statistics of the tonnage employed in the
trade between England and Australia and of the exports
-and imports. Ile conCluded by moving a resolution to the
effect that, while the long-continued interruption of all
postal steam intercourse with the Australian' colonies lied
-Leen -productive of •serione discontent and detriment to
them, it had been in a still greater- degree injurious to
therb.l:! dr,ra.rnicils:e.s
7.l.ltieEnsnmaatrihvewdliee.. coihoererreta
was put and carried unanimously. •
and would
:eNutvlseottrlt
jleifitecraws:tel
otpuihiriie)eeelp.
ini mositeinhfntoearwrylheseree
rettei.
inc, the necessity of at once piessine
11NT
Trint:iiAto(ilAeuiNnyilfitlictuDieli
paetNevafutri
tikel.taieebtisy7locaps,of:n:t seconded
dd Unitedthe resolution,Kingdom.
which
the Government to
(lcoellcittrlaeccltt,h:tutthfoel:csoommme
unreica'slotinonorwi
set-
tling this queskion. It appeared that the Government had
athnotthheerAthuesytratlhiaonu
co-
lonies should, be resumed by steam-vessels emplOyed under
ght
they had pot snfllcient information to enable them to re-
sume it with -that degree of success which the Postmaster
would consider necessary. He (lord Hardwicke) believed,
however, that they had the whole of the information
that was necessary for action, in the' matter, anti the
means not only of ascertaining the wishes of the coloni.ts
in reference to ik, but the degree of pecuniary assistance
which the colonies were able to afford towards the expense
of maintaining the communication in question. Teat he-
lug so, he asked why they should not be inamecliately put
in possession of it. He did not look at this communication
alone.as it would affect the intercourse bet ween the mother
conntry and the Australian colonies, . On the contrary,
'now that they had established between various parts of
the world that rapid means of intercommunication which
'science had facilitated, it became them to urge on the Go-
vernment to promote .between all the col•mies of the em-
pire that degree of frequent and affectionate intercourse
between themselves and the parent State which would
bind them together in the aggregate as one united empire.
The result of such a means of communication as was ,now
sought to be established between this- country and Aus-
tralia would ba as had been well said in a printed pamph-
let on the subject, to" facilitate the investment of capital
for the gradual development of the 'boundless resources of
Australia and New Zealand ; establish much greatei- con-
fidence in all mercantile transactions with the colony, by
preVenting loss from overstocked markets; obviate the in-
'convenience arising from a scarcity in the supplies of Eu-
ropean merchandise ; and enable the merchant shippers
in the colony to effect insurances on their ships and user-
, chandisein England." :These were really the great and
essential points in reference to the. communication with
Australia. Bat when he looked to Australia alone, and
dealt with it as a separate colony, he must advert to its
vast mercantile importance, the extent of its resources, and
the readiness of its people to co-operate with the mother'
I country in all the commercial enterprises of the colony. He
night state to the meeting, on the authority of a Perlin.,
mentary return, that thepopnlation of the world-L-oBU-
mated at niillions--consuined yearly ls. 2d. per head of
British exports, and thatihe prOportionate consumption
by foreign countries and British colonies was estimated as
t. follows—viz.:--- • :

I, AIR DESTROYER, 1, Little Queen-street,
j_ High Holborn —ALEX. ROSS'S DEPILATORY, for rem' 'T-
ing effectually Superfluous Hair from the Face, Neck, Arms, and
Hands, without the slightest injury to the skin. A. R. will warrant
!t not to irritate the flesh in the smallest degree, and the hair to be
entirely destroyed.—Sold in bottles, at 3s. 6d., ss. 6.1 , and 10s. 6d. ;
or applied at the Hair-dyeing Establishment, as above. Forwarded
for stamps, tree by post, eight extra.

Per head.
FOREIGN STATES. COLONIES.'
Franco
..
.......... Ol 6 Cape o f Good Rope 3
RI 15 0
Russia ......... 0 0 8 West Indies ...... . 2 17 6
Prussia .. . 1 l2o.lloead6 Canada
2 0 I
United States ...... 0 5 8 Australia
(flear, hear.) ,As to the question of route, the one as far
as Aden on the Red Sea had been established as a useful
route ; hut from that point a difference of opinion would
arise, and he could not understand why in the present day,
with the power of steam so thoroughly established and
understood, anything but rocks and 'Shoals, which always .
required a careful look-out on the part of seamen, was to
prevent a direct line of communication from port to port,
seeing that steam power defied winds and currents to a
certain extent. The question of propelling power was left
..----
-- --------; ------ ' entirely to their own discretion and command, and he, as
THE ' VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN THE SANDWICH a seaman, should say the shortest line was the best, espe-
ISLANDS.—Under date of December 28, the Rev.
and a small
channels, cially in a case where they gained a difference between 84
wa water
Mr. Coan writes as follows :—" Every day darkens days and 48 days. That seemed to bins to be an irresis-
the prospects of Hilo. The stream conies in greatmight be
Diego Garcia and the Mau
tibia argument in favour of a direct line. There •
force, some two miles a-week. Three or four miles a , cps' etifo no betweenaro. i
tll
Garcia wouldleg be necessary to huriltdietelierToa
will bring it through the woods. It folio
channels, dries up aqueous matter, and forma fiery: ships with other necessaries. He
colony to supply passing
riaaelithouegse, to csqablish a depot for coals,
cascades of terrible sublimity. It heads straight down thought that might be done in time, but ho should recorn-
upon us, and nothing but the band of Omnipotence can mend that the Mauritius be first taken, with the ultimate
save our town and bay. Our expulsion seems every day view of establishing the necessary facilities he had sug-
more and more a. solemn reality. Molten fires are gleam. Rested at Diego Garcia, and that the ships should pass
ing, trees are falling, the jungle is consuming, rivers are King George's Sound to Melbourne, and there deliver.the
boiling and ascending in steam cloud,. Onward, onward 'nails, leaving the colonists themselves to distribute those
rolls the burning deluge—slowly, sullenly, relentlessly, mails.
(near, hear.) The noble earl concluded by mov-
ino' thlt it was ex edient• that immediate steps be taken
and with resistless force. I hope to be able to give you toci.st,; p • suitable to the
com-
a full account. in time. P.S. A man died this morning mercy blish a steam postal servic?
Australia. vast
and growing importance of _ .
from falling into the boiling water near the fused lava? Mr. KER SEYHER, M.P. in seconding the resolution,
stream."—Californian paper.l , said his firm belief was-that, had the Government stated

.. _. .:
once
let that-they would stand aloof in reference to this
matter, the-spirit ant private enterprise of the people of
this country and of the colony would long ago have esta-
blished a line of steam caretnnuication for themselves.
-Mr. RIDGWAY suggested that, nosy that-a treaty of peace
had been: concluded, it would bo well for the eovernmeut
to send souse-of the steam-ships of ?he nityy to try and de-
termine_ best :and shortest reeks to , Australia. He
hoped, at all events, that Lard Hardwicke's idea of-pass-
ing, by the doorOf South Australia would not he carried
into effect. .
The reaoletion was-then put, and, like its predecessor,
carried unanimously.- . A .
Lord STANLEY, M.Pa, who.was recei veil with loud cheers,
said it appeared to him that the most material facts relating
to thii question had been laid,bef ore the-meeting at safil
iikit lefigtharid with sufficient' clearness; and he should
thereforatronble thernAvith only a few isoiisla on the gene-
ral subjeet. . He would say,. in .the firat place, the', uoceris
nected as lie was personally either with the colonies or with
toSiinerce, nothing would have induced him to appear in
this matter, except the-conviction, which had been relict- 1
antly forced upon- hie mind -by the circumstances of the ' I
case, that there had been, to say the least of it, culpable
carelessneis on thapart of the re in power in a matter deeply I
affecting the interests of au important portion of the empire.
(Cheers.) With the delay of six years, between 1841) and
1851, he had nothing now to do. Neither deuld he, in feria
tress, find fault with the Government dila day fur heving
in the 'first instance-adopted the line by. *:-.:y of the Cepe,
for it .wasllie. line in favour of which ea eoelonittee of the
House of Coneatons reported.. Indeed, he ,vens perhaps an
interested party in that Matter, for he was a member of that
ccenauittee. who took pains to collect whatever evidence
was accessible to them, and who entered upon the inquiry
with aminceredesireto do i sepertielly thatevitich they thought
best for the interest of the country ara)athe colonists. lint
they weriiniestly lendsnaen, and had ho practical experience
to snide thorn. They rajah' therefore wily go on. unciertain
and doubtful information ; and, in point and Pact, the line
which was now proposed, anti which sAined is have bean
generally adopteelsendapproved by practioramen, was not be-
fere the committee-Wills They had bef.A that committee
three lines, one of thumb sing by Panama, *Moll was rejected
almost unanimously. The lines most debated were the
one by way of the Cape, and that toCeylon by the Red Sea.
He remembered well that the question wess fully lend care-
fully considered ; and he thought the argument which
at that time most prevailed was that by the line by the
Cape pa.seengers and goods might go'from E island te'Aus-
tralia without trans-shipment. The coniplaintrenow'rnide
by the eoloeistsand by people at home were three-fold--
first, that the et.earit communication between the colony
and the mothercountry was superseded withoet.necessity;
secondly, that no steps had beea taken to 4tore it ; wets
thirdly; that new; when its restoration waeproposed, that
boon had leen'clogged with a condition unusual, and, in
fact; unprecedented. They said first that the steam com-
mnuieetion sird'S Superseded without necessity, and with-
eat necessity drethauae- the China line and the West ladies
and -South American lines were maintained during the
whole pressure of the war. WhetheretheY considered the
amount of traffic or the amount of personal intereehrsd,
the line to Australia equalled, . and perhaps outweighed,
in importance not only one of those three, but, perhepr, all
the three put together; for our exports to Chinn, with_itat
300,0)0,003 of populatinn, were just 1-16th eCtfiese tooling-
tralie, with: its 70),003 people.- He would eiVg ask whe-
ther, if preparations had been commence 1 earlienthe whose
of the routea Would not havtr been stippdie I witbout,inter-
ruptiona Ho would not ask how many steatneri were lying
idle in the harboUrs erßalaklava. and Constantinople when •
the suppression of this postal communication with Aue-'
Utah). tookplace. ( A laugh.) 'At thet tin* sate Duke of
Newcastle—and he wished-to speak of him with all cour-
tesy as, a gentleman eminently fitted for private life- (a
lingh)e-was in office ; ,and it was rather remarkable that
at that time,. when every order that emanated frem. that
department of the public service went to the wrens person
orthe -tvrol7 place, and when every act was either leftean-
deno, or, iff done, Was done six months after, it was di-
rected to be put in ferce—(a laugh) -the oh;i act that
was welt and effectually done was that of ping the
Australian' postal service. (Hear, ' hear.) ' hey next
complained that, that communication having been in-
terrupted, no pains were taken to restore it. In a moment
of emergency the Government might require the services
of every ateamvessel on which they coald lay their hands ;
but the war, though it Lasted two years, might have lasted
ten, and during its continuance no single step was taken.
for replacing that which in a moment of temporary exil
gooey they had taken away—(hear, hear)---a fact which
could only be explained by a reference to tha.tinveterete
habit of politicians of the old school of giving a disproner-
Monate share of attention to questions affecting foreign
Courts er questions of diplomacy, and overlooking the
inure importantinterests of the British colonies. (Hear,
hear,). The tbird complaint was that in this ease alone
the colonies of Australia hal been required to pay a share
of the expense of.this communication. .He was not going
to pledge himself to any opinion with reference to the
quest-ion Of subsidy. He would only observe that, if Eng-
land and Australia Obtained. a mutual benefit iii. this mat-
ter it was only fair that the colonies should pay their share
of Ih'eseigiense ; but 'it was rem 'akable that such a rule
should have- been adopted iu this solitary instance, espa-
&illy after the colonies had- actually 'offered 70,0301. for
the pur pose of maintaining this communication. - -He
thought if the object of not losing time had been duly ap-
preciated it would have been .no Offficult matter for the
Government to say they would accept that offer, add -an
equal sum to it, and make a provisional, arrangement now
e,I a - se-et ono hereafter-SCheers.) Bet there was
to doubt- that in te . etenagementef 'the -Colonial De-
partment the Government of ,the day—and he did not
speak of any Government in particular -had' been tie
much in the habit of acting towards the colonists-are
though they were negotiating with --a hostile people,
instead of dealing with thorn as friends and ' fellow-
countrymen, whose interests were indissolubly bound up
with our own. (Cheers.)' Ono. word as to Australia
itself:: Seventy years ago that vast continent was :hardly
laid down on any existing map. It was now the recipient
of one-eighth of our conitnerce, the hope of 'our brimming
population.; who have but small prospects -of ailva.ncs
ment or , amelioration at home, and the residence of .
nearly 1,000,004 of industrious citizens, •(Heer ) It was
no figure of speech.to say that the future of England in a
great degree oopendedoroher colonies. Wo' had, as they
all, knew, many difficulties to impede our national pro-
gress. We had our hereditary pauperism and our heredi-
tary debt, and we had to maintain- at vast cost large...mi-
litary and naval atnements. He iinsgined that ovate!
thoughtftirstateSman mast feel that, vast as were our re-
sources and gigantic as were the euergyof the English race,
still that in tho'race of industrial competition with other
and younger 'nations we: wore fearfully' overweighted.
(Hear.) Let them take a simple statistical fact. The po-
pulation of-this country doubled 'itself in half.a-century ;
population of the Anglo-Saxon colonies, as a general rule,
doubled itself only in 25 years; and he believed it was a
wise expectation—looking forward a century from this
tiMe—to say that one of the greatest sources of (mom,
tional strength and our national glory would then lie in
our connexion with 'the independent States Of. Amoricita
Anstralie; and Canada. (Cheers.) It was therefore our
ditty and our interest to keep with them. The principle
of self-government was not much a fashion at the Present
period of the world ; but self-governinent: had been the
wholesome characteristic of the Eeglish race ; and they
might depend upon it that every English co'onist who In-'
cated himself in any of our disteutdependencies, and every
acre of lasd that he reclaimed from the.wiidorness anti the
waste, would he a guarantee to Europe for the recognition
of that principle and for.the ultimate.triumph throughout
the whole of the British dominions of .free speech, free
thought, and free action. (Cheers.) The noble lord, then .
moved a resolution to the effect that it appeared to, that
meeting that, provided the usual postal speed of 10 knots,
or nautical miles, an hour could be,obtained, the transit•l
letters between London and Melbourne might ba easily
effected in 44 days. .
The resolution was seconded by Mr. -H. GoßnosS.
Mr. E. STEVENS said he had just come to this country
from Australia, and was well acquainted with the feelings
of the colonists on this qwestion..lle wished.to ssy that he
did not believe it possible to get to Australia ,iia,44 . days,
nor did the colonists themselves desire to see such a sou-
summetion. They had but one simple request to make 1n
this` matter, and that was to have nci'more experiments in
reference to it. (Cheers.) They were sick of delay and
sick of change ; they had plenty of money to pay for steam
postal communication ; and they asked the Imperial Go-
vernment to concede it to theta at once. On the question
of route lie contended that Diego Garcia was a terra incog-
nita to the British sailor, and they would-lose one ship out
of four if they sent there by that route. (Hear, bees.)
After a few words from Mr. DAKIN and a gentleman in
the body of the meeting, whose name did not transpire,
the resolution was modified and passed, with scarcely X
dissentient, in this form :
" That it appeared to the meeting that the transmission
effectsb
ie l
tithe, h f
y . the most elitible
of letters between England and Anatraliti. could be per-
formed at an average rate of not less than 10 knots an
hour ,
route and
nanddiothiehtetsliiisorstlierstut pldobssei
FctAmucioution llKno,f Mport:itilloo.
sWsi.goCeer
byFotehno,
osheloirnmde4 boyt,
Sirb
ehO !nil ithiof the meeting, and founded ou the preceding so-
lpuitti
ioinasro,
owoetr;e angordee2dteopubteatipornesewnatsedaptpooiboottehd.
tHo w a s
on
the Government and press the subject on their imrae ate
consideration.
- -The meeting was also addressed by Mr.' W. Malins, Mr.
De Salle. Mr. L. Stevens, and other gentlemen..
On the motion of Sir W. WARTELUIt a vote of, throbs
was tendered by -acclamation to the Lord Mayor ; and
with that the proceedings terminated.