The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-29 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 29, 1856.

martial law, without occasion or justification,
"an. essential prerogative of the Crown ?" Was
the letting loose of 18,000 armed men against
the unprepared people, to shed their blood with-
out .mercy or forbearance. "Peaceable discussion ?"
Or did the firing on the members of the
Cortes, who were proceeding to lay their
just complaints before their Sovereign, more
appropriately fall within the terms ? It would,
indeed, be difficult to answer these queries in
such a manner as to remove the imputations to
which O'DoINELL has rendered himself liable by
his proceedings from the earliest moment of his
conspiracy against his colleagues, and by this ex-
travagant and unwarrantable Manifesto.
There is, then, an elaborate attack on the
institution of the National Guard, which it
declares was, on the whole, "an element of un-
unceasing perturbation ; a constant opponent of
every established government," which " even had
the effect of preventing all salutary reforms.'
And this comes from O'DoNNELL, from the very
man who within two short years assumed arms
for the purpose of re-establishing that institution
which he then asserted to be illegally and uncon-
stitutionally suppressed ! While he sought his
way to power, under the mask of liberalism,
he defended those whom he has now basely
deserted and loudly condemned.
He is, however, conscious that his own designs
of establishing a despotic Government, founded
on military force, is incompatible with the exist-
ence of an armed body of citizens. He felt from
the beginning that the programme which he
sketched out must be strenuously and energeti-
cally opposed, and thus he first stimulated to
resistance those whom he now recklessly slanders.
Like all absolutists he resorts to the slang
of " public order and tranquillity," which
he himself had disturbed. He has now clearly
flung aside disguise. He stands exposed before
the world in all his naked deformity, and leaves
no possible doubt as t• his flagitious projects.
Let him, however, beware, notwithstanding his
temporary success. He leans on a broken reed
in imagining the constancy of Court favour,
and may have the illusion painfully dispelled
ere many weeks have elapsed. He is but
the vile instrument that will be cast aside
without a moment's hesitation whenever the
dirty work has been performed. Although the
" Guard" has been dissolved, the men of whom
it was composed still remain, and the unanimity
which formerly existed will not be lessened by the
infamous libel directed against them. It is true
that they did not display the energy that might
have been anticipated in the hour of trial, but
there is "a good time coming," and we cannot
believe that Spaniards will patiently acquiesce
in the destruction of their Constitution by a
faction like that to which O'DANNELL has recently
allied himself.

There is a story respecting an ignorant judge
in the olden time, who had been pitchforked into
a situation for which he was wholly incompetent.
When asking the advice of an acute friend as to
the course he should adopt to conceal his defi-
ciencies, he was told to pronounce his judgment
boldly, but carefully to abstain from assign.
ing reasons. There was at least a probability
that the decisions might be right, and there
would be interested parties anxious to sustain
them, but it was a positive certainty that his
reasons and arguments would be wrong. It is
reported that the party adopted the prudent
counsel, and that he passed through life with the
reputation of a sound, if not a brilliant, lawyer.

It would have been well for the Spanish
Ministry if they had preserved a similar course,
and been contented with dissolving the National
Guard, without attempting an elabarate exposi-
tion of motives, and seeking to justify themselves,
by a document in which it is difficult to say
whether the statements are more mendacious, or
the reasoning untenable. The gross and, we re-
gret to be obliged to add, wilful falsehoods, are
interspersed with virulent abuse of a constitu-
tional body, so as to render it palpable that the
national militia were wholly and unanimously
opposed to the reckless policy of the conspirators
against the rights and liberties of the people.
Out of their own mouths have the new ministers
condemned themselves. It needs nothing mere
than a deliberate consideration of the document
to convince any dispassionate and unprejudiced
person, that the parties from whom it emanated
Are wrong, and know themselves to be so.
The opening sentence is sufficient to indicate
its nature. It declares that " the initiative of the
aggression on the 14th July was not commenced
by the Government of her MAJESTY ;" that
" the Citizen Militia of Madrid, an I the
greater part of the Militia in the kingdom imitat-
ing its. example, simultaneously rose against the
Royal authority, solely because her MAJESTY had
deigned to accept the resignation repeatedly ten-
dered by the President of the former Cabinet, and
OD this occasion with every symptom of an irrevo-
cable resolution." Never was there a viler
or more unblushing fabrication than the above. It
is not merely the distortion or suppression of facts,
but it is the positive declaration of that which is
without the slightest foundation of truth.
Is it not too painfully notorious that the first
step taken on the nomination of the new Ministry
was placing the entire kingdom under mar-
tial law ? This extreme measure was not
founded on any insurrectionary demonstration,
The Proclamation, which was published simul-
taneously with the announcement of the change of
Ministry, was prepared by the arch-deceiver, and
ready to be made available even while he was
still pretending to act with good faith and loyalty
towards the colleagues whom he had determined
to betray. A large body of troops-18,000 sol-
diera—were concentrated on the capital in order
to suppress the outbreaks that were stimulated by
O'DoNs-itta. himself and his fellow•conspiratora for
their own nefarious purposes. There was an elabo-
rate organisation that must have taken a consider-
able time in arranging, on the
part of O'DONNELL
and his associates, while the intended victims were
wholly unsuipiciong of approaching danger.
What, then, becomes of the atrocious lie, that
the initiative of the aggression was not taken by
the Government ?

der of the narrative we pass over, includ-
ing, though it does, some scurvy treatment
ePf the too earnest and knowing Mr. CULLEN by
Commander HANCOCK —remarking, however, that
Commander PARSONS surveyed the harbours,
and found them admirably adapted for the ter-
minus of a great ship canal.
We might have stated at the outset—had we
not preferred to direct attention, in the first place,
to the GISBORNE exploration—that, as originally
planned and arranged, the exploration was to
have been carried on under the auspices of Eng-
land, France, and the United States, each of
which Powers contributed a man-of war and a
staff of engineers. The commander of the
American vessel, however, was " tarnation" too
great a man to do anything save on " his
own hook," and accordingly left the Britishers
and Frenchers behind, and made a tour on his
own account. The miserable vanity of the man
met with by no means an inappropriate punish-
ment. He and his party wandered out of the
way, and after undergoing great trial never got
into it, but were, after " many days," discovered
thirty miles to the east of the Canal route 1
Grabbing at all the glory, the brilliant Yankee
sank up to the neck in a quagmire, with the
national flag drooping over his aspiring head, in-
stead of hunting invidiously in the breeze before
the discomfited French and Britishers. In strik-
ing contrast is the conduct of the French com-
mander, who appears to have acted with
a sincere desire to promote the object for
which he and his party were sent out by
their Government. Into the particulars of the
third exploration we have neither time nor space to
enter. Suffice it to say that the practicability
of the Darien route seems to be sufficiently well
established to call for a practical survey by a com-
petent engineer under the guidance of Mr. CULLEN,
to whom the command of the exploring expedition
ought to be, as it should have been in the in
stance to which we have referred, entrusted, he
having surveyed the country previously for almost
the entire distance at his own expense. It is not
yet too late to redeem the past, and recompense
him for the ill-usage he has experienced, as well
as the services he has both rendered and tendered
to his country. Surely we have had enough of
favoar, routine, incompetency, and personal
vanity. Let the public at last have its
gorge stayed by the appointment of a
competent person to undertake so important
a task, and not again bo subjected to the mortifi-
cation which the failure of
,the GISBORNE Explo-
ration occasioned. Not only the interests of
Great Britain, but the interests of the wide world
are involved in the establishment of a canal com-
munication between the two seas. Littleness
never looks so little as in connection with great
things.

THE ROYAL VISIT TO THE WEST.—Her Majesty the
Queen, hearing on her late visit to Devonport that
several hundred pounds were still required for the com-
pletion of the new church, in course of being built by
the Rev. G. W. Procter, for the families of sailors,
marines, soldiers, and dockyard artificers and labourers
who reside in the district of St. Stephei, in that town,
was graciously pleased to send 1001. as a contribution.
His Excellency Baron Bentinck, Minister of the
Netherlands, has left town for the continent. His
Excellency will be absent from this country a couple of
months.

The charter of universal dominion over th•
waves, and of never.ending freedom for Britons,
with which, according to our great national strain,
Britannia is endowed, would seem to be accom•
panied by a licence, by way of drawback, of which
Britannia, or rather those who manage her affairs,
freely avail themselves, to her infinite detriment,
and that is evermore to subordinate merit to
favour, and keep the right man out of the right
place.

The Marchione3s Campana has left tha Clarendon
H.)tel, for Rome, via Paris.

The Right Hen. Sir Benjamin Hall, Bart., M.P.,
arrived in London on Monday, and left on Wednesday
for Elinburgh.
Sir Charles and Lady Lamb have left the Clarendon
Hotel, for B-auport, Battle, Sussex.
Sir Alan M'Nab had an interview with Mr. Secretary
Labouchere yesterday, at the Colonial-office. Mr. Bruce
Stewart had also an interview with the right hon. get.
tleman.

The perusal of a communication from Mr.
EDWARD CULLRN, which appears in our present
impression, describing the results of the late so-
called exploration of the proposed canal route to
communicate between the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans, furnishes a remarkable illustration in
support of our hypothesis—an illustration which,
taken in connection with other circumstances,
goes fir to establish it AS a fact: The world-
wide importance of a communication between
the two oceans is everywhere admitted, and
that it would be of immense value to us
is also placed beyond dispute. Under such cir-
cumstances, common sense,•we imagine, must have
indicated the propriety of sending men of first
class and approved ability to undertake the
exploration required. How little common sense
had to do with the appointment of Mr. GISBORNE
and Capt. HANCOCK, let the readers of Mr.
CULLEN'S letter determine. Never, wo incline to
think, did self-sufficiency and incompetency for a
peculiar task—. we say nothing of their general
ability as professional men—more signally expose
individuals to the observation and the derision of
the world. The right man to have led the ex-
ploring party was surely one who, like Mr.
CCLLEN, knew something about the country, and
had some inkling of the route to be pursued.
Perhaps on that very account Mr. GISBORNE, like
the donkey who the more he was beaten the more
he wouldn't go, obstinately refused to avail him•
self of Mr. CULLEN'S experience at all, and the
more foolish appeared his reiolve the more
pertinaciously persisted in it. The result
was, the party wandered in the first in-
stance in a circle, and on arriving at their
journey's end found themselves, not within sight
of the Pacific, but of the Atlantic—not at the
goal, but at the point from which they started.
Mr. CULLEN'S direction, one would have thought,
would by this time have been in request. By no
means. He knew too much for official vanity,
and must have his presumption rebuked ! " Let
me guide the next party," was bis entreaty. "By
no means," exclaims Mr. GISBORNE. "No 1"
thunders the illustrious Commander HANCOCK,
"Land me three seamen and I will undertake the
survey myself." "My instructions," replies the
Commander with austere dignity, "are to pro-
tect a survey, and not to send exploring parties."
Admirable disciple of routine—judicious servant
of the public ! The resolute CULLEN resolves to
start alone, but the officers of the Espiegle, fearing
lest his life should be taken, as were the lives of
some of PREVOST'S party, persuade him to revoke
his determination.

CONiJCATlON.—Yesterday morning the Archbishcp
of Ca it erbury, who was accompanied by Dr. Travers
Twi-s, and Mr. Francis Hart Dyke, attended at the
Jorumlem Chamber, Westminster, and formally pro-
rogued Convocation until the Bth of October.
THE CANADIAN MAILS.—LIVERPOOL, August 28.
The Montreal Ocean Steam-ship Company's screw-
steamer Canadian, Capt. Wm. Thallantine, left the Mer-
sey on Wednesday at 20 minutes past 10 o'clock, with
the fortnightly mails, for Quebec and Montreal. She
takes out 213 passengers and a large cargo.

The great GISBORNE—for if self-reliance don't
make a man great, what will ?—starts on thn 7th
February (the landing took place on the 24th
January) with a small party, under the guidance
of a native, on a second exploration. This time
he reaches the other side, and hails the shores of
the Pacific at the expiration of three days' walk.
How severely his engineering abilities were tested,
and how signally they were manifested, let what
follows describe :--c,
In crossing the Cordillera to
Sucubti, this party followed the Indian, trail,
which passes over the highest ground, and traversed
the only portion of the country which presents
any engineering difficulties in, a few hsurs ! From
these circumstances, and from their very cursory
and fugitive inspection of a country which is one
unbroken forest of heavy timber and tall brush-
wood, where the explorer can scarcely see ten yards
ahead of him, it was manifestly impossible for the
engineers to make any search for the valley which
transversely divides the Cordillera ; consequently
they ware unable to form an opinion as to the
practicability of a canal. Sc thinks Baron HUM-
BOLDT, and so will others beside the Baron.
results were—the practicability of crossing tl,e
Isthmus by the Indian track in three days wta
established by Mr. GISBORNE, and the im-
practicability (?) of the proposed canal route
was made " as clear as mud." The remain-

THE ROYAL NORTH LANCASHIRE AGRICULTURAL
EXHIEITION.—PRESTON, Thursday.—The annual exhi-
bition of live stock, produce and agricultural implements
to ,It place to-day in two large fields at Per.evrtham,
about two miles from Preston. The day was exceed-
ingly unprop-tious, the rain descending in torrents
almost without intermission. The attendance, notwith-
standing, was very numerous, and amongst others on
the ground were Lord Stanley, M.P., Mr. J. Heywood,
M.P., Colonel W. Patten, M. P., &o. The exhibition,
in every department, was one of the most attractive that
has ever been held since the establishment of the society.
The display of live stock was splendid both as to quality
and the number of the specimr ns exhibited. Tne col-
lection of bulls was one of the finest that was ever seen
at an agricultural show, and amongst the exhibitors wets
the Earl of Balcarres, the Earl of Derby, Lieutenant-
C )lonel Townley, &c. The specimens of horses were
exceediegly numerous and of the Lest quality. The
show of live stock, agricultural implements, and poultry
was also very good. Lord Stanley will preside at the
dinner to-night.
CREDITON.—DIEING BURGLARS. —ilhout three o'clock
oh the morning of Wednesday last the servant man of
Mrs. B tdcock, maltster, was awoke by a strange man
coming into his bedroom with a naked candle in his
hand. The intruder, however, on the young mars lus-
tily calling out for assistance, beat a ha-ty retreat, but
succeeded in carrying off a quantity of silver plate from
the kitchen, which he had ent!red by cleverly forcing
the window shutters. On the constable, who was
quickly apprised of the occurrence, arriving at the spot,
he found a man attempting to enter a strongly barri-
caded house on the opposite side of the road, tenanted
by an elderly lady named Holderness, one of whose win-
dow shutters was found partly undone. The burglar,
who in the dark first took Mr. Stone, the constable, for
one of his confederates, on finding his mistake, hastily
scaled the walls of the vicarage garden adjoining, and
effected bis escape, there being a high palisading between
him and the c mstable. Not the least doubt is enter-
tained but that some of the many vagabonds who came
to the fair on Tuesday without any legitimate pursuit are
the perpetrators of the burglary.

ROYAL ORTHOPOIDIC HOSPlTAL.—Yesterday this in-
stitution, which was established in 1840 for the cure of
c'ubfoot, lateral curvature of the spine, and all other
deformities, held its general half yearly court of gover-
nors, in the new board-room of the new hospital, 315,
Oxford-street ; Quarles Harris, Esq., Vice Pr?sident, in
the chair. The general report was read and adopted. It
stated that the number of patients now in the wards was
36 ; number of patients admitted during the half year,
831 ; being an increase over the preceding half-year of
236. Total number of patients admitted since the first
opening of the hospital, 19,067. The secretary announced
tie receipt of a further payment of 1061. 83. on account
of the legacy bequeathed to the hospital by the late Miss
Ann Thompson. Several liberal donations have also
been added to the fund since the formal opening of the
new premises by Prince Albert, including th• sum of
1001. from the Queen and Prince. The benefits con-
ferred by the hospital are being considerably extended,
and its funds increa.ing, but not in proportion to the
claims made upon them. Very heavy expenses have
been incurred in the purchase and adaptation of the
new and very commodious premises, for defraying which
the committee entirely depend upon the liberality of the
public. The proceedings cloud with a vote of thanks
to the chairman.

RUSSIAN REGRESSION.—During the occupation of the
Danubian provinces by the Austrians 100 officers of the
Corps of " Geographical Engineers," assisted by several
foreign officers, were charged to make the trigonometri-
cal survey of those provinces. The surveys tend to
show the importance of the territorial concessions made
by Russia. In execution of the Treaty of Paris of the
30511 of March last that Power restores to Moldavia a
part of Bessarabia, which comprises 1,125,000 superficial
hectares. (The hectare is nearly tyro acres and a•half.)
Moldavia, which formerly contained 4,729,000 hectares,
will henceforth consist of 5,845,000. It will be as large
as Bohemia, as Greece with the lonian Isles, as the
kingdom of Saxony, and much larger than Bdgium.
The portion of .Bessarabia which the Russians have
ceded is not the most fertile, but contains the banks
of the Danube and five towns, three of which are ports
—Kilia, Ismail, and,ißeni—ef veritable political, com-
mercial, and strategical importance. Moldavia, at
the height of its greatest power, which was in 1350,
had 10,000,000 hectares. Since that time she has
been
.the theatre of terrible wars between Poland,
Hungary, Turkey, and Russia. She became in 1529
a tributary of the Ottoman Porte, and continued in-
ce,santly to be invaded by belligerent nations. In
1777 Austria took from her a part of the Bukowina,
which now forms the circlo of Czernowitz. In 1812
Russia took from her BeEsa,rabia, which was of 4,720,000
hectares, and gave her a frontier which was very dis•
advantageous in a strategical point of view. At pre-
sent-, by the 'Fre tty of Paris, Moldavia will be restored
to eix•tenths of what she was at the period of her
f.recest power, and her population will be inerewed
by about 180,90) seuk.

The Manifesto further speaks of " the Throne
being attackisd in one of its essential prerogatives,
and peacea. hle discussion converted into open and
stowed rebellion." Way the proclamation of

THE SUN, I ONDON, FRIDAY EVENING. AUGUST 20, I 556.

LATEST _NEWS.

FRANCE.
PARIS, TLIVRSDIY EVENING.
A Council of Ministers was held yesterday at
.he residence of the Minister of Justice.

in the Royal order, issued with the approbation of the I
Council of Ministers, r have decreed : —l. The disso-
lution
of all associations among manufacturers, or
among operatives, existing in Catalonia, with a
view to exercise an influence on the price of labour, to
impede the free course of industry, or to minister relief to
individuals who, from some cause or other, are in want of
employment. The alcades of the towns, when such associa-
tions exist, will adopt. measures for their immediate sup-
pression, and take care, under their personal responsibility,
that the funds of those associations be restored to their
legitimate owners. Art. 2. All the members of the dis-
solved associations anxious in future to re-assemble
for the sole and exclusive object of founding mutual
relief societies, will receive from me an authorisation to
that effect, on the broadest basis, provided their regu-
lations or statutes shall contain rules and principles
calculated to protect and regulate the proper manage-
ment of the interests of the members, and secure
them against all abuse. 3. Individuals disobeying
the above provisions shall be considered as disturbers
of the public peace or guilty of open rebellion, and
tried, according to circumstances, conformably to the
laws in vigour. Art. 4. In order to adopt measures
the most conducive to the prosperity and develop-
ment of industrial establishments, to guard them against
all risk, and protect the real and legitimate rights of
the class of rnar,ufacturers as well as those of the ope-
ratives, the civil governors of the four provinces of this
fnilit ir) district are requested to address to me within the
shortest possible delay, whatever suggestions they may
deem useful, as I am ful.y determined to use my ex-
traordinary powers to carry into effect, either by myself
or through those authorities, any argent measures which
may not indispensably require the sanction of the high
powers of the State.

The Princess Mathilde will shortly leave f6r
Stutgardt, where her Imperial Highness will meet
the Queen of the Netherlands, who is her cousin.
Marshal Serrano has arrived at Biarritz. He will
present his letters of credence to the Emperor : at
the same time M. d'Olozaga will inform his Majesty
of his retirement as Ambassador at the Tuileries.
M. Serrano remains at Biarritz to present M. Pa-
checo on his way to London.
" The mission of Baron de Bach to Milan,"
says the Constitutionnel, " appears to be two-
fold—first, to ascertain whether the state of
public opinion is sufficiently satisfactory for
the establishment of the representative system,
called the provincial congregations, and at the
same time to satisfy himself as to whether the effect
of that measure on the people will be such that the
Emperor Francis Joseph would be well received in
the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, which he has
an idea of visiting."
BOURSE, Aug. 28.—The following were the last
quotations :

Cash. fr. S. End of Month.
t per Cents 94 25 ---f. —a.
3 per Cents 7O 45 70 10
New Loan 7O 30

Bank Shares 4,150 Roman ..., SS
Credit Mohilier 1,620 Austrian
Belgian Five 5......., 911 Spanish Threes ll
Piedmontese (5) . 92 50 Dome Debt 40

(Signed) " ZA.PATERO.
" Barcelona, Aug. 20."

MOIVUMENT TO GENERAL MINA.

BAYONNE, August 25.—The Countess Mina,
widow of the celebrated Spanish guerilla chief,
left this yesterday for Pampeluna. She has been
invited by the municipality to attend the inau-
guration of a handsome monument to the me-
mory of General Mina. On the monument
which is erected by the province to the famous
Navarrese chieftain are inscribed these words—
" Navarra a su hijo predilecto Francisco Espoz y
Mina." Madame Mina resides habitually in the
vicinity of Corunna. Her qualities of mind and
heart and her extensive and practical bene-
volence, independent of the prestige attached to
the name she bears, have given her great influence
throughout the province of Gallicia, of which she
is a native. Under the Regency of Espartero
Madame Mina filled the post of governess to Queen
Isabella, having previously had the grandeeship of
Spain conferred on her, which the etiquette of
the Court of Madrid required as an indispen-
sable condition, and to which the title of Con-
desa was attached. It is well known that the
education of the young Queen and her sister had.
been neglected by their mother, whose time, dur-
ing the first years of her presumed widowhood,
was too much taken up with other pursuits to
allow of her attending to the mental cultiva-
tion of her children. Whatever little instruc-
tion or accomplishments her Majesty possesses
is owing to the care of the amiable lady whose
tenure of office was too brief. To say that
Madame Mina replaced Queen Christina is not
sufficient. In her governess Queen Isabella had
before her the model of every virtue that can adorn
a woman. The virtues that distinguished Queen
Christina it is superfluous to dwell upon ; they
have been long known to, and appreciated by, the
Spanish people.
The patri Jtic chieftain whose name Madame Mina
bears, and whose memory she cherishes with undi-
minished affection, was the elder of the two soldiers
of the guerilla bearing the same name. The ore
who first began the warfare of the mountain
against the French, and which so often decimated
their ranks and cut off their supplies, was Javier
Mina. He was a student in theology in the
University of Pampeluna when the French invaded
Spain. Having assembled a small band of young
men like himself in his native village, not far from
the capital of Navarre, he raised the standard of
revolt against the enemy. It was he who first
made the name of Mina known. He was soon
joined by Francisco Espoz y Mina, who served
some time in an inferior capacity under his
nephew. After a year or two of successful adven-
ture Javier was taken prisoner by the French. The
uncle, Espoz, succeeded to the command of the
guerilla band, whose numbers he greatly increased,
and whose operations he extended over the greater
part of the Basque provinces as well as at Navarre.
He was at one time in command of not less than
10,000 hardy mountaineers. After the restora-
tion of Ferdinand Mina was treated with
the same ingratitude which that miserable sovereign
manifested towards the people who had made so
many sacrifices in his cause. The reaction which
set in was terrible, for Ferdinand heaped perjury
on perjury. An uuzuooQQ4ffil attempt at irasurrPntirm
was made in Navarre, in which both the Minas
were concerned. They succeeded in escaping,
and lived for sonic time in France and England.
Javier, the nephew, emigrated in 1816 to South
America, then engaged in effecting its independence
of the mother country. Tho guerilla chief took
part with the patriots, was defeated in an encoun-
ter with the Royalists in Peru, was taken pri-
scner, and shot instantly by order of the
Viceroy. The elder Mina returned from exile
after the death of Ferdinand, for Queen Christina
had then need of every one to save the crown
of her infant daughter. He commanded the
army of operations during the first year of the
civil war in the northern provinces. His health,
however, did not allow of his enduring the fatigues
of campaigning. He was appointed Captain Gene-
ral of Catalonia. He died in Barcelona in, I think,
the beginning of 1836. It is of this distinguished
man, Francisco Espoz y Miva, that Madame Mina
is the relict, and it is his memory which the Navar-
rese people are now honouring.

AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY MORNING.

By the arrival of the United States mail steam-
ship Atlantic we have advices from New York to
filo 16th inst.

She has brought $190,000 specie on freight.
The following is a letter of the Times' correspon-
dent, dated New York, Aug. 16 :

" The closing hours of Congress have been occu-
pied with the Appropriation Bills, which, instead
of being united in one long " Civil and Diplomatic
Appropriation Bill," as usual, have been this year,
for the first time, separated. The House, having
under the constitution the exclusive power of origi-
nating bills of this character, has made this separa-
tion, in order, while passing such bills as are abso-
lutely necessary to enable the machinery of Govern-
ment to go on, to hang upon others provisions that
may secure the territory of Kansas from invasion
by ruffians, and enable the Free State settlers to
go there without being shot down by Government
connivance). The Senate, being more strongly pro-
slavery than the House, has rejected all such pro-
positions hitherto made; and, as Monday, the 18th,
is the last day of the session, there is a fair pros-
pect that the Army Bill and the Legislative, Judi-
, cial, and Execative Appropriation Bills, will fail.
As ten of the Free State men are absent from the
House without pair, this result may be avoided
to-day. There was a disposition on the part of
some members of the Cabinet and many northern
members of the Democratic party to yield to popu-
lar feeling so far as to remove Lecompte, the ob-
jectionable judge in Kansas, under whose directions
the indictments for treason have been found against
the Free State leaders ; but my letters by this
morning's mail inform me that these councils have
been overruled, and that Lecompte is to remain.

" The Senate have confirrned various treaties
recently negotiated with foreign Powers, and,
among others, one made by Mr. Wheeler with the
Nicaraguan Government which preceded Walker.
It is not certain that Walker will assent to the
whole treaty. There is a clause, providing for the
extradition of fugitives from justice, that might be
inconvenient to him in his present position.
" The propositions from the Congress of Paris
were submitted to this Government in separate
notes from each one of the Powers represented in
the Congress, except Great Britain, and the omis-
sion is thought in Cabinet circles at Washington to
be rather strange. It is thought there that Great
Britain does not mean to assent, so far as the United
States are concerned, to the principal propositions
that free ships make free goods, and that no block-
ades are to be considered binding, except when
actual ; and that the anti-privateering clause was
meant as a stab at the maritime power of the
United States. When similar propositions were
made some two years since by this Government,
some of the foreign Powers inset ted in their re-
plies a request for the insertion of an article agai.n st
privateering; but I am informed that, in render-
ing these replies, the Ministers or some of the
Powers privately informed this Government that
their Governments really desired the United States
to hold out against the abolition of privateering,
ansl stated that the request had been made in order
to coincide with British views.

" The arrival of the Ariel from the Isthmus puts
us in possession of San Francisco dates to the 21st
of July. The Vigilance C )mmittee were still in
possession of the city, and the Governor seemed to
have given up the contest. Indeed I have heard
from Washington that one reason which had much
weight with the Cabinet in inducing them not to
furnish the authorities of the State with mate.
rials for quelling the insurrection was the knew-
ledge they had that the Executive was leagued
wall the Committee in the commencement of

these high-handed proceedings. If true, what
a sad picture of the working of representa-
tive institutions—the confession of the inability
of Government to check lawfulness and violence,

pears to be on the decline at quarantine, and there
is good reason now to believe that we are to escape.
No thanks, however, to the authorith s of this tax-
ridden city. The appropriations for street-cleaning
for the entire year have been already more than
exhausted, and, with a pestilence at our doors, we
are without a penny to remove the causes of it. I
do not believe that there is on the face of the earth
a place where more money is raised by taxation
with less to show for it. 7,000,000 dols. a:year are
now raised for the expenses of this city govern-
ment, and we have to raise the money by private
subscriptions for so simple a matter as cleaning
our own streets.

" The Chicago and Rock Island station at Chi-
cago, together with several loaded cars, was burnt
the day before yesterday. The supposed loss was
from 150,000 to 200,000 dols.
" The money market, which was contracting
when I last wrote, has been eased by the arrival of
1,500,000 dols. in gold from California, and of
500,000 dols. Government draughts on the Sub-
treasury. This has caused au improvement in the
stock market, and prices have recovered. Exchange
has declined to 1001 to bankers', and 9to 0/ best
commercial bills.

to restrain peculation, and to preserve purity in
elections without the aid of a mob ! For, however
much the sympathies of men of probity and correct
lives, and industrious habits, and of property may
run with the men of San Francisco, who have risen
to protect themselves against their own officers, the
manner in which they have placed themselves in
hostility to constituted law entitles them to be
called by no other name. The case of Judge Terry,
who stabbed Hopkins in the street, is yet un-
finished. Hopkins has been alternately better and
worse ; and, as he has been up or down, the Go-
vernor of the State has shown an indifference to
the fate of the offender, or been in treaty for his
life. At the last account Hopkins was getting
better, and it was supposed that the judge would
receive a sentence of banishment without any pro-
test or interference from his Excellency. People
here begin to ask how leng this state of things can
continue. The non-interference of the United
States has been --; ‘, es, isoa ...d.3 on tho frwlinical
ground that the application was prematurely made.
If harmony is not speedily restored, and the power
returned to the legitimate hands, it is plain that
the Federal Government will have no alternative
left but interference. The movement now is as-
suming a political form. Tho Republicans are
organising themselves in California, and mean to
contest the State with the hope of carrying it for
Fremont, on the issue of a Pacific railroad to be
constructed by national aid. The same influences
that have led men to rise in opposition to the State
authorities will lead them also into opposition to
the Federal Government, which has appointed
1 many of the objectionable men to office, and among
whose supporters many others are to be found.
You can easily see, therefore, that there is a pro-
spect
of a collision between the Federal Govern-
ment and the Vigilance Committee unless order is
soon restored.
" The Committee have published, in their own
justification a long report of the official corruption
in San Francisco, a copy of which I enclose. It
exhibits a remarkable state of things, and says little
for the fruits of the ballot in that part of the world.
But I can hardly say I think they make out a case
to justify rebellion and civil war. The substance
of it is that, through the negligence and supineness
of these very men who now compose and support
the committee, the offices about the courts, includ-
ing the bench itself, were filled with gamblers,
rowdies, " shoulderhitters," and political idlers,
who pilfered the country in some pretty large
sums, neglected their duties till thinas are all at
sixes and sevens, and managed matters so that
when their own friends were tried for any of their
offences the prosecutions either died of inanition,
or were disposed of by packed juries. It is true
that this is not a very pleasant state of things ; but
then, on the other hand, the aggregate of the job-
bing is not very large (they only charge 100,0001.,
and show much less than that), and as for the ne-
glect of duties and creation of sinecures, there aro
other places besides San Francisco where such
things are done. Nor is California the first place in
the world, I fancy, where juries have been packed,
or where prosecutions have been managed.
"The contest draws closer between Buchanan
and Fremont as the day of election comes near. As
yet there is little enthusiasm for any one in this
part of the country. With the thermometer at 98
deg. in the shade, the enthusiasm of oven an office•
holder would melt away; but in the autumn I doubt
not we shall all grow war in as the weather grows
cool. The defection of Mr. Choate to Buchanan is
a serious blow for the New England supporters of
Mr. Fillmore. On the other hand, his New York
forces have received the open addition of what they
have long had secretly, the adhesion to Know-
Nothingism of the old line Conservative Whigs.
The result depends, however, not on New Eng-
land or New York (about whose votes in the Elec-
toral College I cannot see much reasonable room
for doubt), but upon New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
California, and Indiana, where the Fillmore vote is
supposed to be strong enough to put Buchanan
ahead of Fremont. Hero the energies of each party
will be spent. One thing you may regard as certain
at the present moment (whatever it may be by and
by)—that without a union of the friends of Mr.
Fillmore and those of Col. Fremont, neither Penn-
sylvania nor New Jersey can be carried against
Mr. Buchanan; unless they aro the defeat of that
gentleman is impossible ; but with such a union
Mr. Buchanan will find himself in a minority.
That. is the state of the canvass to-day. I do not
pretend to say whether it will or will not change
between now and November, for in the complicated
machinery of American politics it is impossible to
foresee what combinations may be made, or what
counter movements may be made to check them.
" The news from Central America is once more
belligerent. Rivas, assisted by 3,000 Guatemalians,
was fortifying Leon, and Walker had collected a
force of 1,000 men, with which he was shortly to
march to the attack. Costa Rica also stood ready
to again invade Nicaragua. A large British force
was gathered in the harbour of San Juan.
"The treaty of reciprocity with the Sandwich
Islands, which would be doubtless advantageous to
both countries, will be killed in the Senate by the
opposition of the State of Louisiana, which objects
to the admission of free sugar.
" The cotton States have been visited by a violent
rain storm, lasting 110 hours, and flooding eve] y-
thing. It is said that the cotton crops are injured,
but we have no definite intelligence.
"Since my last letter two violent showers have
swept over New York, sending the rain down in
sheets, and filling the gutters with streams large
enough to turn the wheel of a small cotton-mill.
These have carried away much of the dirt and gar-
bage which were filling the air with malaria under
a burning sun, and have so lowered the tempera-
ture that we hope to have escaped the yellow fever.
„ What is still more favourable, the disease itself ap-