The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-28 00:00:00

E SUN I'..i '"y !Ist-4, THURSDAY rtVi4INING AUGUST 2A, 185$.

In 1816 she died also, and two pensions of 251. 6s.
each were granted to her two unmarried daugh-
ters, of which they were not suffered to receive
,nore than 191. At the present tune F4'N-Rv
CoaT's descendants aro well nigh starving. Such
vvas the fate of one of our greatest national bene-
factors—such is the condition of his offspring. Let
the reader but look around at our iron shipping,
our railways, our engines, our suspension and
tubular bridges of iron, our iron batteries and
palaces, and say whether this is or is not most
lishonourable and degrading to the entire nation !

NE LATEST NE vv S.

INDIA AND CHINA.

The steamer Bombay arrived at Trieste yester-
day, August 27, at five p.m., in 144 hours from
Alexandria. She left Alexandria on the 21st of

August.

The India and China mails were to leave
Alexandria on the 21st of August, with intelli-
gence from Calcutta to the 17th of July, Bombay
to the 20th of July, Hong Kong to the 10th of
July, and Shanghai to the 28th of June.
Fifty inches of rain had fallen at Thmbay.
At Darjeeling 3G inches of rain fell i❑ 96 hours.
Mr. Horsley, assistant-collector in the Madras
Presidency, has been murdered.

But, it may be urged, this is the fault of sue-
essive Governments. Government is, and ought
o be, as it may, for the honour and benefit of
he people. If just thoughts were entertained of
he rights of inventors such treatment would not
be experienced at the hands of Government.
Binee Coßes time—at the present day, in this
Impression of The San, the claims of public bene-
'actors like COST have needel and need vindica-
ion. If Government fails to spoliate, capital
,s at hand prompt and eager to undertake the
task, and a BEgSEM&R requires a friend to cry
" hands off" to men who build up princely for-
unes by robbing the poor inventor of his capital
ender the plea of furnishing "cheap iron." There
is rank injustice in the public mind in all that
concerns the rights of genius, otherwise capital
vould not need the warning, and Government,
',ding for the nation, would signalise, by marks
A distinction, and other rewards of a more sub-
stantial nature, the estimation in which the great
benefactors of the country deserve and ought to
be held. In the entire Peerage and Pension List
where will you find a greater public benefactor
han CORT ?

The heir to the throne of Burmah has been

assassinated.

Lord Canning has been indisposed.
Exchange at Bombay, 2s. lid. The money

market is quiet.

The export trade brisk.
Freights, 2/. to London or Liverpool.
The exchange at Calcutta was 2s. lfd.
The money market had improved. The impor

trade was very inactive.
Fieights, 3/. 10s. for sugar to London.
The indigo crops throughout Bengal have su

ered injury.

Anarchy reigns throughout China.
The Ben Avon, with a valuable cargo, from
iondon:" for Shanghai, has been totally wreaked

near Amoy.
Exchange at Canton, 4s, 101 d. ; Hong Kong,

4s. 10id. ; Shangha;, 7s. 3d.
The exports of tea for the year ending the
19th of June were 6,000,0001 b. in excess of the

previous year.
The first of tho new season's teas have been

shipped.

MADRID, Alia. 26.

The Spanish Minister at Mexico has been re•
moved from his post. General Bassolo has been
named Grand Cross of the Order of Charles 111.

The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation
Company's steam-ship Valetta, with the India
and China mails from Malta, arrived at Marseilles

this day, at 5 a.m.

The mails were to leave Marseilles at 9 Lan

FRANCE.
PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING

The Emperor and Empress attended mass on
Sunday at the church at Biarritz ; their Majesties
went in a small open carriage and pair, which was
driven by the Emperor. In the evening a grand
dinner took place at the Villa EugOnie.
Galignani's Messenger says :—The London jour-
nals have published a correspondence from Gari-
baldi, in which the late Roman general relates that
'Ciceruacchio, the tribune, had been taken by the
Austrians, and, in company with his two sons, shot
on the banks of the Po. A letter addressed to the
111i/an Gazette denies the truth of this assertion,
and affirms positively that Ciceruacchio was
drowned in endeavouring to cross the Po ; and it
defies Garibaldi to prove his assertions.
The decree definitively dissolving and suppressing
the Spanish National Guard has reached us yester-
day, accompanied by a long preamble, signed by
all the Ministers, in which that popular institution
is crushed under an accumulation of accusations
and imputations composing no very flattering epi-
taph for its tomb. It is declared to have been a
constant cause of perturbation, an occasion of dis-
gust and uneasiness to the commercial classes, a
corrupting venom for the needy and working
classes, obnoxious to all power, and all government,
and prejudicial to production. It is said to intimi-
date and paralyse trade, to check or annul peace-
able reforms, to impede the free development of re-
presentative institutions, to mislead public opinion,
and to resist a reasonable organisation. These are
but a small part of the charges brought against it
in the rather violent and verbose exposition to the
Queen intended to justify a decree upon which she
is said to have insisted, and which we may be quite
sure she signed with the greatest pleasure.
BOURSE, Aug. 27.—The following were the last
quotations :
Cash. ft. e. End of Month,
per Cents 94 25 —f.
3 per Cents 7,) 40 70 55
New Loan 7O 50
Bank Shares 4,100 Boman
Credit Mobilier 1,617 50 Austrian
Belgian Fives Spanish Threes
Piedmontese (5) 9l 50 Home Debt 40

RAILWAYS—NOB CASH.
tr. c. fr. O.
Orleans ... .. ... . 1,385 Western 9ST 50
Sorthern ... .1,042 50 Strasburg
Slediterranean 1,785 Grand Central
Lyons Geneva 795 Taste
Cette

ITALY.
(Prom Special Correspondent of the Daily News.,
TURIN, AUG. 24.
The reference which you make in a leading
article in your paper of the 18th, to Austria's
strengthening her armaments and extending her
forces upon the Italian soil, is a question which
not only concerns Piedmont and the other States of
the Italian Peninsular, but one which should in-
terest all Europe. Let us not forgot that the
allies landed in the Crimea totally ignorant of the
formidable fortresses in Sebastopol, and, if possible,
more ignorant of its almost inexhaustible naval and
military stores. But while England, France, Sar-
dinia, and Turkey were doing their utmost for the
destruction of the Sebastopol of the Crimea, which
commanded the Black Sea, Austria, with a cunning
and deceit peculiarly her own, while amusing the
belligerent powers with her eternal protocols ar
sham proposals for peace, was secretly and sea
lously erecting nearer our homes a still more for-
midable fortress and immense naval and military
arsenal to command the Adriatic sea. With the
exception of Gibraltar there is not a more im-
pregnable fortress in Europe than Pola, not only
from its commanding position, but from the art and
science with which it has been constructed. Austria
during the last three years has spent more than 18
million of francs, and besides the impregnable for-
tresses at Pola, has constructed three docks, where
she is now building and equipping men of war. She
has enlisted into her naval service officers of every
nation, but principally Prussians, S 'cedes, and Nor-
wegians. All along her side of the Adriatic are
fishermen engaged in the Tuu fish fishery, and as
soon as the sous of these fishermen attain the age
of 15 they are dratted into the Austrian marine,
and in a few years will become first-rate seamen. I
have tried in every direction 'to get a detailed plan
of the fortifications and docks of Pola, but the
Austrians have been so wary that as yet I have
been unsuccessful, but before long I hope to make
such information public, so that our British mer-
chants may see that their commerce with the Gulf
Of Venice, at the bottom of which is Trieste, and
also that bay in which is situated the thriving and
commercial town of Fiume, are entirely at the
mercy of the Austrians.
I refer your readers to the last published map of
the Adriatic Sea, or to " Bradshaw's Continental
Ra;_lway Guide," in wldch are the electric tele-
graph etations, where they will see that the for-
tress of Pola is not only in communication with
Vienna, but with all the other fortresses which
Austria has constructed for the subjugation of
Italy. Pola is situated upon the point of land or
promontory which stretches along the coast, and is
22 leagues S.S.E. of Trieste, and is nearly opposite ,
that.part of the Roman States in which is the town
of Bologna. Pola formerly possessed about 2,000
inhabitants, and from its present position com-
mands not only the entrance into the Gulf of Ve-
nice, but also that large bay in which Venice is
placed. The water to the very shores is so deep
that vessels of large burden can approach in safety,
and the bay is sheltered from every wind that
blows, and so extensive as to harbour an immense
fleet. All the neighbouring hills are crowned
with immense batteries, having guns of the
heaviest calibre ; and the numerous islets are
turned into forts—so that there is not perhaps in
all Europe a more formidable fortress and arsenal
than -Pola. To do the Austrians justice, they have
carried on the construction of Pola with as much

enersy-as the allies showed in attempting the de- factory, and no sanitary cordon exists between the
IPROJECT OF
strtiction of Sebastopol. They have transferred all Russian and the Austrian frontier."
the military and naval stores of the arsenal at
Venice to their new fortress. I mentioned that
they have Plrei.cly expended 13 millions here, and
still we doily hear of the disastrous state of the
Austrian finances.
I shoved in my letter of the IGth how uselersly
they had expended a large sum in equipping a war
fleet and fortresses on Lago Maggiore, but the lat-
ter-vas against Piedmont in particular, while Pola
is against all Europe. The subjects of Austria
Proper do ,not suffer from this extravagance of
their government ; but it is hard indeed that the
Italians should be obliged to give their own money
to be used in forging the chains for their own
slavery. In my letter of the 22d of July I in-
formed you that the Austrians had doubled the
house tax in Lombardy, and the only answer given
by the Austrian officials 'to those who complained
that they had been too highly taxed was to order
them to point out some of their neighbours who
were not so highly taxed as themselves, and
then they would see that the Austrian govern-
ment was impartial. But these numerous for-
tresses have cost so much money that even
with this double taxing there is not enough.
Baron de Bach is at present in Milan, but it is
doubtful if he be the adviser of the most atrocious
deed which is about to be committed by Austria—
a deed not only contrary to justice, but contrary
even to Austrian law, and to all international
law; but this act of barefaced robbery the Aus-
trians have delayed till Pola was in a state of de-
fence, till Piacenza was completely fortified, and
every fortress along the Piedmontese frontier filled
with troops and stores.
After the unfortunate occurrence of 1848-49
Austria allowed many rich inhabitants of Lombardy
to take advantage of her own emigration laws,
and these proprietors emigrated to Piedmont, still
remaining proprietors in Lombardy, while they
became naturalised Sardinian subjects, many of
them becoming members of the House of Parlia-
ment. This continued till the 6th of February,
1853, when th© Mazzinian outbreak occurred at
Milan. Might had now become right, and the
Austrians being in want of money, or eager for
revenge, issued an order that all those Sardinian
subjects who had property in Lombardy, if they
did not return to Lombardy and throw them-
selves upon the mercy of Austria(i.e., imprisonment
in Mantua dungeons) at the end of 1856, their pro-
perties would be sold for the benefit of the Govern-
ment. This the Austrians did under the pretext
that the outbreak at Milan was organised by the
proprietors of Lombardy who had become natu-
ralised Sardinian subjects. But the Austrians knew
as well as all the world that no men are so decided
against the Mazzinian insurrections as those neu-
tralised Sardinian subjects ; but Austria requited.
nioney, if not to be got by lair means by foul. In
plain common language, the Austrian Government
broke the laws made and acted upon by themselves;
they have taken possession of property not their
own, and they are about to sell that stolen pro-
perty for the purpose of putting the proceeds of
each robberies into their own pockets. I am quite
aware that such conduct may appear incredible to
men of common honour and honesty, unluckily
qualities not known by Austria when she has any
particular point to gain. What I have here
stated is, however, a fact, and the Austrian Go-
vernment, within these few days, have given orders
to the Sequestration Commission at Milan to emu.-
plete the inventories and valuations of the proper-
ties of the emigres fro ii Lombardy, which, when
completed, are to be sold by public auction. It is
only to be hoped that purchasers may see the
danger and iniquity of such sales, and that none
may come forward. If these decrees of the Aus-
trians at Milan are doubted, the fact can be corro-
borated by letters now in Turin in the possession
of certain emigres (I do not name them), who have
received intimations from their agents in Lombardy
that they have been ordered to make out bills of
sale of their properties : so there is no doubt that
in this the Austrian Government is about to act as
swindlers and robbers, though, if the statements
contained in the letter of General Garibaldi, dated
Genoa, August 6, 1856, be correct, they have been
guilty of worse crimes. Can it be expected that
these naturalised subjects of Sardinia will remain
quiet to be so robbed or plundered, and contrary
to every law supposed valid by civilised na-
tions I If Sardinia remains quiet under such in-
justice and insult, she deserves to lose the support
and respect not only of her own subjects, but in-
deed. of all Europe ; but she ought rather, in the
words of Prince Metternich, It is better to die
with arms in our hand than of slow poison."
Piedmont, however, has the power to make re-
prisals, and assuredly she is in all justice bound and
entitled to sell Austrian property in her dominions
to repay her swindled and robbed subjects. Lerd
Palmerston, to be consistent, and in spite of him-
self, must, under such circumstances, support
Piedmont, for no oue can ever forget what a row
he made, and the great force he sent to Greece, to
make that country repay what Don Pacifico had
never lost. Here the complications of the seques-
trations of the naturalised Sardinian subjects be-
comes an European question. If Austria recoils
from the sale of these properties, no one will give
her credit for justice, and all will be attributed to
fear ; her prestige is gone, and Italy and. Hungary
will rise. If she goes on with her robbery, Pied-
mont will not only resist, but resent.
Austria has gone to work prudently and cun-
ningly. The day of sale of the sequestered property
has been postponed till such a time that she might
have Pola, Piacenza, and. all her forts in good
order, and the Piedmontese frontier covered with
her troops. Along with the bills of sale of the pro-
perties she is said to have within these few days
ordered her army on the war establishment.
The subscription for the guns of Alexandria goes
on merrily in Piedmont. The merchants and those
engaged in commerce look forward with sorrow, but
determined resolution, to what is about to occur,
and we may therefore witness the beginning of a
bloody and long war before the Ist of January,
1857. Surely there must be some method of pre-
venting this sad war, of which no one alive can
calculate the end. Some attempts ought to be
made. Parliament is not sitting, so no questions
can be asked, but still public opinion can do
much. Let Lord Normandy be recalled, and thus
the Austrians will have positive proof that his lord-
ship does not,speak the opinion of Britain, and if
general subscriptions of a few shillings and pence
for the defence of Piedmont were set a-going all
over England, Austria would not dare to move.
We see the youth of France is now stirring in
favour of Italy. speaking of this common
subscription, I must warn the public of an Austrian
and Mazzinian subscription which has been or-
ganised to interfere with the patriotic subscription.
They are trying to raise cath to buy 10,000 fire-
locks, to be given to that part of Italy which first
breaks out into insurrection, and thus prevent
Italian independence, as the only hope for all Italy
is that Piedmont will remain quiet until obliged
to fight in defence of that constitution which has
made Britain comparatively one of the most happy
nations of Europe.
nd I

NAPLES.

The Frankfort Journal contains a letter from
Vienna, which professes to throw a new light on
the reply of the King of Naples to the representa-
tions of the Western Cabinets, published by the
Cologne Gazette. The correspondent of the Frank-
fort paper thus expresses himself ;--" We have no
reason to doubt that the reply of the King of
Naples to France and England, of which the
Cologne Gazette has offered an analysis, is in
conformity with the latter. The King has con-
sidered the counsels offered by the Western Powers
as an interference in the affairs of his kingdom,
and in the relations existing between him and
his subjects, which is not justified by actual cir-
cumstances • and he has energetically rejected
those counsels. It must not, however, be thereby
interpreted that the King has refused to adopt re-
form ; he has only declared himself to be the most
competent judge of the opportunity of those mea-
sures. With respect to the analysis in question it
is improbable that the passage, in which the King
declares that be would repel force by force exists
in the reply of the Neapolitan Cabinet. The
Western Powers, in their notes, had, in fact,
offered no menace, or even a prospect of menace,
to that Cabinet ; they confined themselves to ex-
pressing anxiety that a refusal of their advice might
lead to a rupture of tranquillity in Italy."