The Sun.
London, England, 1856-09-01 00:00:00

THE
.SIIN, LONDON MONDAY' EVEN 1 S.EPTEMIVER 1, iBgti:

prepared to sever the connection at the earliest
possible moment I Are there no English veterans,
men who have well and faithfully served their
country, and rendered unquestionable proofs of their
fidelity, who would eagerly grasp at the opportu-
nity ? A reduction in the army is to be effected
next year. Soldiers of the line, who entered for
limited service, will be discharged, to say nothing
of the immense number of militiamen who have
been turned off to earn their livelihood as they
best can. Would not a selection of the most
meritorious of these men have made as trustworthy
colonists as the German Legion taken en masse ?
Would they not to a man have rejoiced in ob-
taining the favour granted to the Germans, and
have they not higher claims on England than any
foreign mercenaries whatsoever ?
These are matters on which no second opinion
can be entertained by any true-hearted Bri-
ton.. He must regard with disgust and in-
dignation the gross and palpable favour-
itism displayed towards the pets. Surely Eng-
land should be kept for the English, and not
for the Germans. The backstairs, and under-
hand influence may be carried a leetle too far.
The operation can scarcely be carried out without
expense, and we earnestly trust the House of
Commons may closely scrutinise every item, and
refuse to sanction the outlay even of a single
shilling in furtherance of a scheme so unfair to
the veterans of the British Army.

ALEXANDER NICOLAIEVITCH has at last arrived
at Moscow, there to receive at the hands of the
Chief Hierarch of the Greek Church the crowns
of All the Russias. As a matter of course, his
entry into the capital of olden Russia, under such
circumstances, was heralded with all the pomp
and solemnity the mighty arbiter of the fate of
countless myriads of semi-civilised, semi-savage,
and, we regret to add, civilised men deemed ne-
cessary for the occasion. When an Autocrat gives
his orders, what is to stand in the way of their
execution ? So after mid-day the guns, being
duly charged, were duly discharged by the ap-
pointed individuals ; the salvo of artillery aroused
the appointed ringers to their task, and the
equally obedient bells, with their clappers,
shook the steeples, and caused both earth and
air to vibrate with their outrageous con-
cussion. The anxious and well-drilled in-
habitants of Moscow line the streets to view
the imposing impression, and the numerous
actors, together with the still more numerous
spectators, hurry to their respective posts. Three
hours have elapsed, and still amid the maddening
clangour the appearance of the Imperial visitor is
patiently looked for. In a few minutes more the
procession leaves the Petrovsky Palace. First
comes a "Maitre de Police," with twelve mounted
yens d'armes to clear the way ; next the EMPEROR'S
body guard, in their magnificent uniforms, Kiln-
drons of Cossacks of the B'ack Sea, and of the re-
giment of the Guards, the representatives of the
haut noblesse on horseback, all in uniform ; the
representatives of the Asiatic populations which
acknowledge the sovereignty of Russia, with valets,
lacqueys, and runners of the Court—altogether a
very picturesque, if not a very reflective and en-
lightened, multitude. Next come masters of ce-
remonies, and others of the same imposing tribe,
with their badges of office. After these, who but
ALEXANDER NICOLAIEVITCH on horseback, attended
by the Minister of his Household, the Minister of
War and his aides-de-camp. To whom succeed the
princes of the blood, also on forseback, the Em-
press, the Empress Mother, the Grand Duchess
and the Princess of Oldenburg, in their carriages,
followed by their ladies of honour, and they
in their turn by squadrons of Cuirassiers, which
close the procession.
In this state the Imperial CZAR mikes his entry
into Moscow, and is hailed by a fresh salvo of
guns and received by the Military Governor of
the ancient capital at the head of his employes.
Onward moves the procession until it reaches the
appointed spot where the magistrates and submis-
sive burghers are to welcome their new master.
On again and the marshal and the nobility of the
Government of Moscow have their turn ; and
again on until the procession reaches the gate of
the Resurrection, where the Civil Governor and
the civil authorities of the city (Moscow must be
abundantly governed, what with military and civil
magnates and officials) wait to greet the high and
mighty source of their authority. This duty duly
discharged, a religious spectacle of the rarest in-
terest, considering who are the actors, is presented
to the much-favoured spectators. The EMPEROR
gets off his horse, the Princes dismount from their
horses, and the Empresses, Duchesses, and the
Princess leave their carriages, and all of them pros-
trate themselves before the image of Our Lady of
Iberia ! Far be it from US to offer, in the least
dogmatically, any suggestion of ours by way of im-
provement of the ceremonial ; but, until better in-
formed by some eloquent JEAMES who knows all
about it, we may remark, in our humble opinion,
Our Lady of Siberia might have answered—for
humane purposes at all events—better. From
this homage of the Image of Our Lady of Iberia
at the Resurrection-gate, the procession repairs to
the gate of the Saviour ! Here there is no image
to be worshipped, though the need would seem to
be the greater ; but what has the ruler to whose
pride and ambition so many hundreds of thousands
of conscripts owed their death on the steppes of
Russia, and at Sebastopol, to do with the Sa-
viour ? But let us hasten on with the procession
as it passes through the decorated streets, and by
the crowds of clergy collected in all ping at the
gates of their churches, until, amid the roar of
great guns, the frantic pealing of bells, and the
loud acclaim of the multitude, the EMPEROR and
Royal Family reach the Cathedral of the Assunp •
tion, and enter its sacred precincts. The ceremonial
observances here are enough to make the mouth
water. Canticle succeeds to the clash of sabres, and
the clash of sabres to canticle. Relics are brought
out to be kissed, and images pointed out to be
worshipped ; and what with osculation and pros-
tration the Imperial Family have a hard time of
it. Not an image, nor a relic, but exacts one or
other, or both those processes in its honour ;
and all that is left us is to hope they
are
."a happy family," and, contrary to
Russian usage, are kept sweet and clean.
It would have been strange indeed, if, while
honouring these sainted relics and couee-
crated images of departed worth, the Holy Czars
of Russia failed to receive their incontestible
weed of
homage. They did not. Having visited
two cathedrals, the Imperial family, with the
EMPEROR at their head, repaired to a third—the
Cathedral of St. Michael, and there duly pros-
trated themselves before the tombs of his MA-
JESTY'S ancestors. These ceremonials over, his
MAJESTY repaired to the Imperial palace, and there
we leave him about as much fatigued as he is, and
much more saddened. To us this sort of thing
is very mournful. So many men—such very
slaves. So much pomp, and such need for hu-
manisation. Such pretences to piety, and such
fraud at heart. Such a system of • superstition
under the name of Christianity. Such blasphemy
against HEAVEN, and such treason against man.
Such priestly sycophancy, and such a squandering

of: wealth. Faugh ! our gorge rises at it. The world
mist have a long lease of existence when, after six
'thousand and more years, we find civilisation so
very young, and right and reason to have made
s a small an advance. The only question we are
edsposed to ask, by way of conclusion, is—how
many crowns the less would be placed on the
PhIPEROR'S head if the officiating Patriarch kept
I)ack those which don't of right belong to his
tmperial master ?

Our future Home Secretary, or Minister
of Education—our future Premier, perhaps,
o'ae day—is again in the field. A week or
two ago he was the leader at a Reformatory
Union Meeting ; now we have him amongst
firming stock and implements ; and to every one
of the varied branches of social improvement on
which he speaks bringing no mere off-hand com-
mendations of " this most important object," but
studying carefully beforehand all accessible infor-
mation (and how much is accessible to the wealthy
Fson of a peer and member of our House of Com-
mons), and leaving every audience he addresses
with clear views of what has been done, and what
wants to be done, and, as far as our state of
knowledge permits, of how it is to be done. The
meeting of the Royal North Lancashire Agricul-
tural Society is, however, an every way appro-
priate occasion for the heir of the Derby estates
and title to show his knowledge of the general
position of Agriculture, and his interest in its
improvement, and especially in the improvement
of that of North Lancashire.

The ablest of the Peelites could not have deli-
vered a speech more thoroughly condemnatory of
the pe,licy which Lord DERnr called the present
Parliament together to re-establish, or more com-
pletely turning the " wisdom of Parliament"
sneer of Mr. DISRAELI into well-deserved praise
of the preceding Parliament, than that of Lord
STANLEY, or of Sir J. K. ►SHIITTLEWORTII.
Why, it appears that farmers are now spending
one million and a half annually for artificial ma-
nures; that they have drained one million acres
of land, and spent 5,000,0001. in the operation
within the last three years, and in the same
period have expended not less than 5,000,000/.
on guano alone I Ten millions of money spent
in draining and guano—by the men, too, who a
fewyears back spent all their breath in clamouring
for protection ! But that is not all. Farming is
fast becoming what we are accustomed now to call
a manufacture, because hand labour is giving way
rapidly to steam and machinery. At the last
Essex show no less than one hundred and forty-
! seven firms exhibited implements, and it
was altogether the largest exhibition of
Agricultural machines which has yet been
made. Since 1850 not less than thirty-five patents
have been taken out for inventions in the single
line of steam-ploughing ! And since 1852 one
firm alone, Clayton and Shuttleworth, of Lincoln,
have sold thirteen hundred and ninety steam-
engines for agricultural purposes, of an aggregate
horse-power of nearly nine thousand These are
cheering facts, They point to the elevation of
the entire agricultural class. Landlords will not
long endure the lag behind little tenants at will.
Wages will improve, as they always do, when the
steam engine is the moving power, saving the
hands and exercising the brains. We even see in
all this a real reform bill. Capital and intelligence
cannot be long worked like political galley-slaves,
and the Sir ROBERTS and Sir HARRY; of the
Grange, and the Lodge, and the Hall, will be too
much implicated in the course of improvement
themselves, not to catch unawares the spirit of
Reform and to remain Tories in name only.

Great stress was laid 'at the meeting on what
we had, casually as it happened, called attention
to on Saturday as two main desiderata for Eng-
lish agriculture. Lord STANLEY asserts that the
great agricultural want is, some easy practical
means of deodorising and concentrating that natu-
ral manure which, we in this country, almost
wholly waste. Guano must be exhausted in no
great length of time ; but wherever human beings
exist, what we take from the soil might be almost
entirely replaced, and will be when necessity
drives us to invent what science shows we chiefly
want. Lord STANLEY tells us, and he is a man
who verifies his statistics carefully, and always
speaks within the mark, that we waste 5,000,0001.
worth of manure in the valley of the Thames
only 1 And that the total waste is equal to one-
half, or two-thirds, of the taxation of the country.
We have not the least doubt of it. We believe
the time will soon come when no family
or parish, or town, will think of carelessly
wasting what has so great a commercial
value. We have a California at our own doors
which we persist in ignoring, and under the go-
vernment of Commissioners of Sewers we are pay-
ing millions to poison our atmosphere with what
we ought to sell for a sum that would pay our
scavengers' bill. We want, Ist, the cheap dc3do-
riser ; 2dly, the cheap and local mechanical device;
3dly, the arrangement for very frequent, we should
say daily, removal. When we think of what may
be effected by our whole population becoming
aware of the importance of saving manure, this
alone opens a very anti-Malthusian view of the
pressure of the population on the means of sub-
sistence.

But this is by no means all. Other improve-
ments are going rapidly on. Draining and arti-
ficial manures, on a scale never before thought of,
are accompanied, by deeper ploughing and pulveri-
sation of the soil. The value of old Twu's grand
principle of husbandry,
,only empiric with him,
but now vindicated by theory, is recognised by
men of science, and is seen to be the principle
of other practices adopted by the farmers ;
theory is now reacting upon practice, and we
shall have in a few years the soil of the country
arained, manured, and deeply pulverised, to an
extent which, only a very few years back, was
never thought of. Then there are the reaping
machines for securing what we grow. It was
stated at the meeting that a million of money
was lost by the late storm, on account of corn
being uncut at the time it occurred, which ought
to have been reaped. Another year or two will
save us from that loss; and, as we believe, in a few
years more we shall be devising the means,
chimerical as the suggestion now appears, of plac-
ing the corn cut down by the reaper out of the
reach of injury from wet. The business of agri-
culture is to get all it can out of earth, air, and
sunshine, and to become as independent as may
be of the irregularities of the seasons. By deep
ploughing and pulverising the soil, droughts are
rendered much less injurious—draining meets
excess of wet for the growing crop—we still
want to lessen anxiety when the barometer falls,
and our sheaves are yet abroad. Be all this as
it may, Lord STANLEY can now inform his father
that the abolition of protection is in the fair way
to render us, if ever we can be so, independent
of foreign supplies.

The Hon. Henry E. J. Stanley, Secretary of Legation
at Athens, and formerly attached to the British Em-
bassy at Constantinople, and Mr. Greviile RichPrd
Vernon, of the Foreign Office, accompany Sir Henry
Bulwer in his mission to represent Great Britain in the
settlement of the constitution of the DanubiauPrinci•

LATEST NEWS.

BERLIN, AUG. 29.

The governor of Poland, in consequence of the
contemplated establishment of a credit bark, has
given notice that all commercial companies, the
capital of which shall exceed 150,000 roubles,
must before commencing operations be duly autho-
rised by the Government.

ILINOVER, Auct. 29.

In place of eight million francs which were re-
quired for the bank, four milliards have been
subscribed, and to maintain order it was necessary
to call in the aid of the military.

MADRID, AUG. 28.

The Gazette publishes the nomination of M .
Quereodo to the post of Spanish Minister t 3
Venezuela. Decorations have been grantel to
several general officers.

TURKEY.
(Prom the second Edition of the Times.)
CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 21.
The question of the Serpents' Island seems to
complicate itself more than could be expected in
the first instance. Circumstances have transpired
which plainly show that the Russian occupation
was not due, as might have been supposed, to mis-
understood instructions or over zeal of the autho-
rities at Odessa, but rather to positive instructions
from St. Petersburg.
In this state of the question it will, therefore,
not be amiss to give an expose of the whole affair
up to this moment.' The first news of the occupa-
tion was verfragite. The Ports received an inti-
mation from the officer commanding the Turkish
party of 50 men sent to the island to restore the
light-house, that a Russian detachment had landed
on the island. Neither the number of the Russian
detachment, the manner of their ariival, nor the
explanation made by them, was given in the first
instance.

In order to ascertain all the details, which was
necessary in order to judge of the nature of the
Russian occupation, Lord Lyons despatched her
Majesty's ship Giadiator, Captain Hillyar, to the
spot, while the Turkish Government sent a com-
missioner there for the same object. The news
which they brought back was, as you know,
that seven Russian marines, with a lieutenant, had
come to the island, giving as the object of their
arrival the restoring of the light-house. As the
officer commanding the Turkish detachment had
no instructions to prevent their landing—which he
could easily have done, considering that his force
was not only superior in numbers, but were armed,
while the Russians were not—the Russians landed
without opposition, and were quartered in the only
house which exists on the island, where they were
living on the hospitality of the Turks, who treated
them as their guests.
Before these details arrived, which showed that
the Turks were actually in possession of the island
and not the Russians, and that the Turkish flag
alone was waving over the lighthouse as a symbol
of their occupation, the simple fact of the Russian
occupation was sent to England, the answer to
which was the order to Lord Lyons to remove the
Russians from the island. By the time this answer
arrived the Gladiator had likewise arrived, bring-
ing the above-mentioned details, which modified
considerably the first impression that prevailed
when the occupation became known, and under
which impression the order to remove the Rug •
sians had evidently been given.
The gallant Admiral followed, therefore, more
the spirit than the letter of this order, and sent
back Captain Hillyar, of the Gladiator, with in-
structions to offer to:the Russian Lieutenant com-
manding the de;achment on the Serpents' Island
to give him and his men a passage to Odessa ; and,
if they did not consent to this, to proceed to Odeccia
and ask for their removal by the authorities there.
Captain Hillyar proceeded accordingly to the
Island and made his offer, which, as might
expected, was not accepted by the Lieutenant, who
excused himself by his orders to remai-a on the
Island until further instructions from his superiors.
So Captain Hillyar went to Odessa, and asked,
according to his instructions, for the removal of
the Russian detachment on the Serpents' Island.
The Governor asked for 48 hours' delay, to tele-
graph to St. Petersburg for instructions. The
answer from there was that the Russians could not
be removed until the question of the Serpents'
Island was settled by the Conference at Paris.
The answer gives a key to the view the Russians
hrve taken upon this question. They consider the
Serpents' Island as part of the territory of Bzssaralia
to be annexed to Moldavia, and they will not give
up their pretensions to this part until the whole
frontier question be settled and the matter finally
arranged by this Conference of Paris, which is to
meet after the labours of the Commission in the
Principalities have been brought to a close.
According to the letter of the treaty the Russians
are, of course, not obliged to give up, before the
whole frontier question is settled, any part of the
Bessarabian territory which they actually possess ;
but it may be questioned whether they can be
allowed to stretch the letter of the treaty so far as
to re-occupy a place about the cession of which
there ought surely to be no doubt, and which they
had abandoned.

When Captain Hillyar received the answer at
Odessa he returned to the Serpents' Island and
stationed himself there, sending down the gun-boat
which had been put at his disposal with the news
to the Admiral, who sent back instructions to him
to remain there in observation and prevent any at-
tempts the Russians might make to increase their
force. This precaution was not useless, as the
sequel showed, for on Friday last, the 15th
instant, a Russian steamer made her appearance
before the island, having on board M. Boti-
anuff, Conselier d'Etat and Gentilhomme de la
Cour, and a staff for the re-establishment of the
lighthouse. The Conselier d'Etat, when he made
the Turkish commander acquainted with his mis-
sion, which was to see the lighthouse restored, was
told that the thing had been done, and that the
commander of the Turkish detachment had no or-
ders to receive any further reinforcement of Rus-
sians on the island. Seeing that his intention
of landing an additional force on the island had
been foiled by the precaution taken by Admiral
Lyons and the Turkish Government, M. Botianoff
left in the evening in the direction of the mouths of
the Danube. Captain Hillyar, suspecting that this
was done with the view of taking the superior com-
manding Turkish officer there by surprise, and gain
an order of admission through him to the island,
sent the Snake gunboat, which overtook and passed
her, so that when the Russian steamer arrived M.
Botianoff found the Turkish Commander au fait to
what had passed and on his guard, so that his ob-
ject was foiled there just as well as at the island.
Thus the question rests for the moment.
It seems that if the allies forgot to mention the
Serpents' Island in the treaty, the Russians have
forgotten to re-occupy it in time, and they are now
trying to repair the omission, in which intention
they have been, however, hitherto foiled by the
rapidity with which the Turks restored the light-
house and by the vigilance of Lord Lyons. The
actual occupation and the keeping up of the light-
house by the Turks give these latter the benefit of
possession, which, in politics, may be said to be
more than nine points of the law. The Russian
detachment cannot be said to be in possession of
the island, for they have nothing to do with the
lighthouse, and it is the Turkish flag which is wav-
ing there.
M. de Boutenieff has arrived at last. He came in
on Tuesday afternoon on board a small Russian
steamer, and landed at his palace at Bujukdere, over
the gates of which the Imperial Eagle had been pre-
viously replaced. Yesterday Mr. Argyropaulo, his
first dragoman, the same who accompanied Prince
Menschikoff in his mission, announced his arrival to
the Porte. In consequence of M. de Boutenieff's
arrival Mehemet Kepresli Pasha was to leave to-
day.
Last week several hundred Montenegrins and
Croats, who had been working in the different vq-
lages of the Bosphorus, left this place for their
own country, with the undisguised intention of
fighting there against the Turks.

FRANCE>
PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING.

"Accounts from Biarritz," says the Moniteur,
4cstate that the sea bathing has been of great ser-
vice to the Empress, and that the climate is most
favourable to the health of the Prince Imperial.
The Emperor takes the most lively interest in the
improvement of the port of Bayonne, on which
subject the Chamber of Commerce of the town has
presented a very important report to his Majesty.
The Emperor, after a long conversation with the
engineer of the port, gave orders for the immediate
adoption of means for removing the bar by adopting
the system invented by some Italian engineers,
and which has been attended with the best results
under similar circumstances at the mouth of the
Reggui-Lagui, near Naples. The Emperor has

also had a long conversation with Marshal Serrano,
the newly appointed SpatiHi Ambassador, who
recently arrived at Biarritz, on the subject of the
junction of the French railways with those of
Spain."
The Debats says :—" It is well known that the
session of the councils-general opened on the 25th.
In almost all of those of which we have received
accounts, one of the first questions raised was that
relating to the important modifications contem-
plated in our customs tariff. Unfortunately the
opinions and tendencies which have manifested
themselves on this subject are very divergent."
BOURSE, Aug. 30.—The following were the last
quotations :

Cash. h. S. End of Mouth.
4i per Cents 94 75 —f. —a.,
3 per-Cents 7l 30 70 30
New Loan 7O 10
Bank Shares 4,150 Roman
Credit Mobilier 1,625 Austrian
Belgian Fives 991 Spanish Threes....„
Piedutontese(s) 92 60 Home Debt ........„

RAILWAYS—ron CAM.

fr. c. fr. C
Orleans .„...... ...... 1,372 50 Western 945
Northern
Lyons.. ...1,365 New Ditto
Mediterranean 1,770 Grand Central
Lyons Genova BO9 Testa
Cette 778 75 Austrian C0rn....... 877 50