The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-16 00:00:00

BENSON'S WATCHES
" Perfection of mechanism."—Morning Post.
Gold
Silver 2 to 50 guineas.
Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet, descrip-
tive of every construction of watch now made, with their
prices.
Watches sent to all parts of the kingdom free by post, or to
hdia and the Colonies for ss. extra.
SS and 34, Ludgate-hill, London. E.C. Established 1749.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lowe, Mr. J. B. Bncketone.
THIS EVENING the performances will commence with
JACK'S RETURN FROM CANTON.

And THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews,
Buckstone, Compton, Chippendale, Rogers, Mrs. Charles
Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins.
After which, the new comedietta, HIS EXCELLENCY,
hi which Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews will appear.
To ooncindo with THE CHRISTENING.
Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCE SS'S THEATRE.--
Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, will be performed A WONDERFUL
WOMAN. Mr. A. Harris. Miss Heath, &c.
Followed by UN TIGRE DU BENGALE.
And LES DEUX AVEUGLES. By the Zouaves.
With the farce of A.S.S.
After which, LA. CORDE SENSIBLE. Characters by
the Zouaves.
Followed by AN AMBUSCADE AT INKERMAN.
Commence at 7.

Ai"LPIII, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. Benj. Webster.
THIS EVENING, JANET PRIDE. Messrs. B. Webster,
J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, Stuart, C. Selby; Miss Woolgar and
Miss Laidlaw.
To conclude with IN AND OUT OF PLACE. Miss
Julia Daly, Messrs. C. Selby and C. J. Smith.
Commence at 7.
Box-eflice open from 10 till 5.
Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, 411.
Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, is. ;
Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, Is. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Wm. BATTY.
Immense Success of "Mazeppa."
A Grand MID-DAY PERFORMANCE will take place on
SATURDAY next, Aug 18, commencing at Two o'clock.
This Evening, Lord Byron's splendid Hippo-drama of
MAZEPPA AND THE WILD HORSE, with entirely new
and beautiful scenery, costly costumes, and appointments,
Introducing the largest stud of highly-trained Horses, Po-
nies, Buffaloes, and Camels in the World.
To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders
43f the day.
Doors open at half-past 6, performance commence at 7.
Box-office open daily from 11 till 4.
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST.
Director of the Arena—M. Felix Revolt!.

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.-
EVERY EVENING,
A Grand Selection from
MARTHA,
And Selections from
DINORAU, TROVATORE, MACBETH,
And numerous other Entertainments.
Balcony, ls, Hall. 6d.
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. f eorge Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), and C. Marshall.
The ETIIIOPUNS, consisting of 17 performers (organised
expressly for this Establishment). for the performance of
Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with
Negro delineations, anecdotes, &c., in addition to the usual
entertainments.
The Fine Arts Gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday
Evening.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, AUGUST 16, 1560.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADB.
68—highest since noon yesterday.
59—lowest this morning and during the night.
68—this day at noon.
BAnomETER-29.42; a sudden fall.
WlND—South-Westerly; fresh, with dull sultry weather,
HALF-PAST Two.—Rain has commenced.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, lh. 4m.—Afternoon, lh. 30m
To-monnow.-Morning, lh. 53m.—Afternoon, 2h. 15m

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THE SUN.

LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 16, 1860,

Pleasant news for Mr. GLADSTONE—those last
tidings from the seat of war in China ! According
to the "latest intelligence" whence—it appears that
the cost of our expedition thither may already be
counted by millions—by millions sterling observe !
—not by mere hundreds of thousands. And recollect,
moreover, that when these calculations were made
there, at the actual seat of war, by a dispassionate
and watchful witness—we were only yet in the
midst of our warlike preparations ! The campaign
had not yet been commenced. The first shots had
not yet been exchanged between the belligerents.
The allies were still getting everything in readiness
to " open the ball" con spirit° ! These preliminary
arrangements, however, being so far advanced that
when the despatches left there were, it was
estimated, seventy-six British pennants flying
in those waters, and forty-five French pen-
nants altogether 121 pennants of the
aggregate Anglo-French Expedition ! The calcu-
lation made merely in regard to our own commis-
sariat was of itself sufficiently significant—as many
as 119 vessels (many of them steamers) of various
tonnage (the average being about 1,000 tons) having
been chartered at freights ranging from a mini-
mum rate of 17s. 6d. to a maximum of 225. 6d.
per ton per month ! Otherwise, an expenditure
each month in transports alone of £120,000, or
an yearly outlay under this one head of
£1,440,000 ! So that, upon the nu face
of it, there is evidence enough to stow that
our model financier (as so many had suspected
from the very outset, and that, too, without posses-
sing► one scintilla of his sublime intelligence) was
altogether in error at the very basis of his elaborate
calculations. All which goes far to yield a sort of
a superfluous supplementary ex post facto justifica-
tion to the Lords for having secured to the revenue
at the eleventh hour an odd million and a half
which had been rashly abandoned by a compliant
House of Commons at the irrationally ill-timed
suggestion of an experimenting Administration.
Further justification, however, of that most pro-
vident act on the part of our hereditary legislators
is surely not by this time required by any one
not infected by the GLADSTONE craze, or the
BRIGHT phobia, or the COBDEN hallucination. We
are "in" for the Chinese war now without any
mistake whatever; and as rational men, nay, even
as wise economists, must go through with it in
earnest. Sir HOPE GRANT is there with
his red coats, Admiral HOPE with his blue
jackets and we may rest assured that in
neither instance HOPE will have " told a flattering
tale" when the history of this third expedition
against the Chinese shall have been related.

How much in earnest the conductors of this
Chinise expedition are, we now know clearly
enough from the facts brought to light by these
recently received fragments of intelligence. Al-
ready the armies of the western allies had mus-
tered in the north—both of them in the Gulf of
Pechele—the French at Chefou, the English at
Talien-whan. They were consequently within a
distance (at the time the despatches left),
'of one hundred miles from the mouth of
the Peiho the line of the Peiho being
the very boundary upon which, according to the
general belief of the natives, there would be made
on the part
of the Imperial or Celestial Govern-
ment, the most determined and even desperate re-
sistance! Mean
'svelte, at Canton, our position had
been rendered sufficiently secure, and even formi-
dable. British forcet
there amounted to up-
wards of 3,500 men, including in this aggregate
one European and two
ofito_egl.me.nts, several
sepoy r
a battery
detachments, and y Artillery. As an
indication of the systematic forethought with which
the third Chinese war is being thus at one, daringly
and cautiously commenced, it is interesting to
note
that tat) skilled and intelligent superintending
Wipe* Upon fit EDWiID I'VGAZ4aIO 001UVA,

during the late Indian campaign against the
Bengal mutineers—Dr. GORDON, C. 8., late of the
10th Foot, a man whose notable coubination of
energy and ability has so recently won for him so
muchhonourable distinction—had shortlybefore the
last mails left Hong Kong, having been nominated
additional Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals
to the Expedition ! Dr. GORDON having, immedi-
ately upon his nomination to that responsible post,
made arrangements for forwarding all the sick and
wounded who might require change of climate (no
sueh exceeding improbability at Kong Kong !) to
our Cape Colony—where they will be duly re-
ceived into the spacious Sanitarium recently esta-
blished there at Constantia.

It is not—let it be remarked at once—simply
that the first of the three routine signal cries has
been uttered (and acted upon) exclusively ! " Make
Ready" has certainly been heard yonder towards
the north of China—ringing like the clarion of a
trumpet—reverberating along the ranks of the allies
—echoing from ship to ship. We ourselves here
at home may hearken to the resonance of the
command—and recognise, even at this distance,
the promptness with which it has been answered,
by the gathering of the French at Chefou and of
the English at Talien-whan, and of both together
in the Gulf of Pechele. " Present"—is audible
next—if only in the announcement conveyed by
these last mails to the effect that upon the very
morrow of their departure Lord ELGIN was to sail
in the Feroze steam sloop-of-war, and Baron
GRos the day afterwards in the Saigon—
both of their Excellencies taking Shanghai as their
rendezvous! The next tidings will give the
third signal for the third Chinese war—(" the
third" being " the charm ")—FIRE ! The rever-
beration of the answer given to that signal being
tolerably certain (we may rest assured) to be echoed
back from the walls of Pekin across Asia and
Europe, to the bearing of 1,800,000 Parisians and
of 3,000,000 Londoners—to the Allied 75,000,000
of Frenchmen and Englishmen.

If there be one mode of national defence on
which all England is agreed, it is that of Volun-
teers. We must leave Sir FREDERIC SMITH and
Lord PALMERSTON to fight out the question,
whether fortifying Portsdown Hill will soon be
• regarded as a Portsdown Folly, or whether it will
be reckoned a wise step. Sir FREDERIC SMITH
and Sir JOAN BVRGOYNE are both opposed to it,
and they of all men ought to know; but the Prime
Minister is the responsible judge in the business,
and he says that Portsdown Hill cannot be forti-
fied by earthworks at a fortnight's notice.
But whether we build fortifications at Portsdown
and elsewhere, or not, we shall still need the men
to man them. The annual cost of garrisons, or of
an army on foot sufficiently large to spare garri-
sons, would soon far exceed the first cost of the
works. If we agree to build, we ought to agree
also to train Volunteers, or we are only agreeing
to a charge which will prove so intolerable that we
shall soon give up in disgust the maintenance of
the men which alone can render the fortifications
of any avail. Volunteering is the taste of the day,
and the Government would be highly criminal
which did not do its best to encourage the move-
ment. We confess we have often been surprised
at the folly of Mr. COBDEN and the Peace party in
ridiculing this movement. They know that it is
hopeless to persuade the nation to dispense with
an army—if so, we can hardly conceive of one to
which the opponents of standing armies and the
almost fanatical advocates of peace can so little
object. First, and chiefly, as Manchester would
say, it is cheap. Next, it cannot serve purposes of
foreign ambition, except very indirectly ; and,
again, it certainly would, as much as anything,
deter any enemy from going to war with us. The
Peace Society ought to give every volunteer a
medal, and to inscribe on it the old, very hacknied,
Latin motto which we need not repeat.
There is one branch, however, of the subject to
which nothing like adequate attention has yet been
directed. We mean that of interesting the artisan
and labouring class in the movement. It seems
likely to spread fast enough among the trading,
agricultural, and professional classes ; but no suffi-
'tient effort has been made to enlist the co-operation
of the bone, muscle, and sinew of our working men.
Why is this ? Are the men distrusted ? Are we
afraid to put arms in their hands ? Do we look on
them as a kind of Sepoys who would need to be
watched by a more trustworthy class ?
This can hardly be the case, for the troops of the
line are the very same class of men ; and it is noto-
rious that their discipline and training has a ten-
dency the very reverse of such perfectly groundless
fears as we have mentioned. It will not be denied
that the soldier has much more strongly than the
artisan the sentiment of loyalty to his Sovereign.
He is, directly, the servant of her
,MAJESTY—a

QUEEN'S man ; and, if more formidable in case of

Mutiny, yet his tendency to mutiny is the smallest
conceivable. It becomes to him disgraceful. It
runs counter to all the habits and notions he has
acquired. He may, perhaps, always be relied on
to act against a turbulent mob who are defying
the QUEEN'S authority. Now, the volunteer,
though not barracked off from the people—and so
much the better for his health and morals—is, in so
far as he is a soldier, under the same influences as
troops of the line. He is the QUEEN'S servant.
He has officers bearing her commission. He is
pledged by an honourable engagement which it

goes against all his feelings to violate. Above all,
he learns habits of order, of implicit

obedience, and comprehends, by practical expert

ence, the vast advantages of rational subordination.
Scores of noisy Chartists would have made loyal
volunteers, who would have been prepared to say
to disturbers—" this will not do ; get to your duty,
and then you may be listened to."
We sometimes fear that unworthier motives fre-
quently influence other minds. We have known
country lords express their dislike of working men
being good shots ! And the men have a marvellous
tendency to become so. Many of their operations
require great correctness of sight. Only think of
the ploughman steering his implement across a
long field with such nicety that close inspection
cannot detect a swerve ! It might be very bacon-

venient to have such a shot as he would make, with
his rifle in his hand, within one or two hundred
yards of a hare or a pheasant ! That is one thing ;
but, we reply, the volunteers' habits would not be
those of the poacher.

Another latent objection—one which nobody
concerned thinks well to talk about is—the effect

of extensive volunteering on patronage. It is easily
foreseen that Horse Guards' patronage and volun-

,eers are in an inverse ratio.

The more of ono the

less of the other. Just at first the difference might,

ndeed, be but little felt ; but it is obvious. that

heavy army estimates would not be long tolerated
if every district was its own defender. Now we
know our old routinists can never believe in the

efficiency of volunteers. All they have seen in the
American war, all they now see under GARIBALDI,

all they saw of the Hungarian armies extemporised
by Kossunr and beaten only by two Empires and

treason—all will not convince them of the real

superiority of the volunteer fighting for his native
aid end Sr sido to the duly *4 And porflOtlY'