The Sun.
London, England, 1856-07-30 00:00:00

THE SIIN, LONDON; WEDNESDAY. EVEHIN'M JIILY so, 1856,

their craft, are not wanting. Markets in abund-:
ance are to be found where all the fish they could
catch would be swallowed up with a cry for "more."
Yet the Fisheries do not pay—the bountiful pro-
vision of Providence does not reach the table of
the Irish peasant ; and the London market, not
to mention any other, is, as the dealers at Bil-
lingsgate have emphatically declared, irregularly
and inadequately supplied with fish. Turbot,
cod, ling, haddock, soles, salmon, mackerel, dorey,
herrings, lobsters—none better are to be found
anywhere—and the English market languishes for
want of them. It is the same even with the
Dublin !

The reader wonders, and gives up the puzzle
in despair. A people starving, with the choicest
food within reach ; a people pining in poverty,
with the wealth of kingdoms at their feet—it is
a puzzle, indeed ! But, like all puzzles, it is
capable of solution. The fishermen have not the
means of access to the markets that await the
" open sesame" of enterprise. At home they
are the prey of cadgers, who give as little and
take as much as they can, and before, witli the
means at their command, a cargo could reach an
adequate market the chances are it would be
worthless. No wonder that the fisheries are, com-
paratively speaking, neglected, and the peasant
labours on without a sufficiency of needful food, or
seeks by emigration what he cannot get at home
by simple industry. The means of transport are
wanting—vessels properly fitted to carry the riches
of the shores and the deep seas to the markets of
this country. This want, great and deplorable
as it is, we are happy to perceive a powerful com-
pany, under the professional direction of Captain
SYMONDS, is bent on supplying. The " London
and West of Ireland Fishing and Manure Com-
pany" (Limited) proposes to employ a capital of
40,000/., in shares of 81., one-half of which is
already subscribed in, first, carrying out a system
of deep-sea fishing, and purchasing and curing
fish on the West Coast of Ireland, the fish to be
collected daily at the several fishing stations and
conveyed to the nearest railway by means of
steam-vessels acting as "carriers ;" second, in the
manufacture of "fish manure " or "fish guano'
from the inedible fish and offal, and the extract
of fish oil. In carrying out this scheme, no exist-
ing interest is attacked, the welfare of the Irish
population cannot but be advanced, and a great
impulse is likely to be given to Irish industry and
enterprise, while the people of this country will
be furnished with a more plentiful and regular
supply of fish.

As a commercial speculation it cannot but pay,
if ordinary energy and perseverance are brought
to boar upon it, and much more than this
the names of the Directors warrant ,us to
look for. If the supply of Billingsgate be
inadequate, that for the Midland Counties, of
which Birmingham may be taken for the, centre,
is wretchedly so. Let the fish be but delivered
in good condition, and all that is brought to these
markets will meet with ready purchasers. This
condition the arrangements of the Company will
infallibly insure, while from the refuse of the
Fishery, an important item, a supply of the most
valuable portable manure next to guano will be
forthcoming—a manure the' chemical analysis of
which speaks at once for its value both to the
agriculturist and in the market. Altogether the
scheme is one which promises well for the share-
holders, and holds out a bright prospect for Ire-
land. In all probability we '
shall again refer to
it, and notice some of its features to which we
have not had time or space to draw attention.

In homely parlance, Russia has hit the right
nail on the head at last. There is, our readers
must know, but one island, and that a little one
indeed—a mere rock—in all the Black Sea, and
to this rock the Turks gave the name of Oulan
Adassi—or, SERPENTS' ISLE. Wherefore they
bestowed on it that repulsive name we have no
means of knowing, but from the name itself.
Certainly, had they been prophets, and foreseen
the years 1829 and 1856, they could not have
selected a better. This uninhabited rock lies at
some little distance right off the mouths of the
Danube, and seems designed for nature's beacon
to those who would enter its shallow estuary. Of
course, as the name indicates, such a place as it
was, it belonged to Turkey. The Treaty of Adria-
nople gave Russia the more northern mouths of
the Danube, with the islands formed by them ;
but though the island is not mentioned in the treaty,
and lies far out to sea, yet her cunning and ambi-
tion condescended to claim this little spot as not
too mean for her notice. Long it lay neglected,
till in 1833 she somewhat oondoned her swindling
by erecting a lighthouse on the rock, which must
have been useful, where otherwise, from the defi-
ciency of sea marks, soundings are almost the
only guide.
The Treaty of Paris distinctly abrogates, how-
ever, the Treaty of Adrianople, and with ela-
borate pains secures the mouths of the Danube to
Turkey again ; it even pushes back the Russian
boundary, not to the Dniester, as it ought to
have done, but far enough to include all the
Islands and Likes formed by the estuaries of the
great river. The Russians had put ont the light
at the commencement of the War, for which none
will blame them, but since the peace, the Turks,
to their credit, have restored it. Hereupon the
Russians send and take possession of it. Now,
though by no reasonable construction of the
Treaty of Adrianople did the Island belong to
Russia, yet she had put that tortuous
interpretation upon it ; obviously it never
was hers, but by the same process as she has
made so many valuable countries hers.-' But,
taking even her own ground, it of course reverted
to Turkey with the other Danubian Islands. The
Serpents' Isle, seized by Russia first in virtue of
the Treaty of Adrianople, next in virtue of the
abolition of that Treaty !--so much for the im-
provement of Russian notions of morality acid
honour. War has been to her a sharp teacher,
but has she a nature more capable of instruction
than the serpents for whose rock she hankers ?

We remarked more than once doting the War
that all we had read of travels in Russia, and the
conspicuous parts of her history, alike proved her
to be as a nation incapable of appreciating civi-
lised views of faith and honour. Clever, over-
reaching, and prosperous violence are with her
the objects of popular admiration. She looks upon
successful international perfidy or burglary as
the highest honour of a statesman. Her CATHA.
RINES, ALEXANDERS, and NICHOLASES dared not
have done so many deeds worthy of the gallows
had they not been aware that political crimes,
however degrading, brutal, or fiendish, would be
received with applause by the people,. and with
Te Deums by the priests. Sinope and Hango are
better relished in Russia than the defence of
Sebastopol. Murderous frauds have the element
in them which makes a Russian rub his bands
with glee. It was something, to be sure, to fight
the Allied armies over TODLEI3EN'S earthworks for
twelve months, but far more to destroy the
Turkish navy in violation of a pledge, and to lure
into an ambuscade the brave and kind tars who
were liberating Russian captives. Here and there
a MOIJRAVIEFF may doubtless be found, as there

was a -NOAH in the time of the Flood, and a LOT
in Sodoin ; but Deceit and Violence are the genii
whom Russian politicians invoke, and whose in-
spiration rarely fails them.
Already every movement of Russia verifies the
wisdom of those who counselled not to rely at all
upon her honour. Both in the Lords and- Com-
mons Ministers were abundantly warned that a
treaty with Russia was not worth the paper it was
written on unless secured by material guarantees.
The independent Press did not fail to tell them
the same truth, and they could not reasonably
despise the veteran counsels of a LYNDHURST or
'the Eastern knowledge of a LAYARD. Our Pre-
mier, however, must follow his Imperial leader
in "sparing the honour of Russia," instead of
vindicating for England her place in the councils
of Europe. And so Russia was " saved humilia-
tion." No penalty was exacted for aggression.
Next to nothing was done to weaken her over#
grown power ; the Crimea, Circassia, Bessarabia,
with a slight exception, are left her entire, and
the reward of the Allies is—mockery and insult
even before the conditions of peace are fulfilled.
The petty knavery of the Serpents' Isle is by
no means all. Even poor Lord CLARENDON had to
complain that Russia had violated an under-
standing, so distinct that "he should have
blushed to have asked to have it in
writing, " by destroying the forts of Ismail
and Beni after the terms of peace had assigned
them to Turkey. An illustration of our
main point, that even educated Russians cannot,
we believe really cannot, comprehend the ideas
of honour and good faith as understood in the West.
Another illustration is occurring at this moment
in Kars also. There, as in Bessarabia, they had
blown up the fortlications which, by the Treaty,
belong to Turkey ; Colonel YEATES, at Erzerourn,
was therefore instructed to look into the business.
He arrived at the place, but was refused admis-
sion An English soldier and commissioner not
allowed to enter the Turkish fart by Russians !
But now for the reason :—" As long as a single
English or French soldier remained on Turkish
soil, the Russians did not intend to give up their
conquest, or allow any one to enter within their
circuit !!" It might have been supposed that
when the Turks and their allies had evacuated
Russian territory, and " given up their con-
quests," even that dishonest and shameless power
would gladly have withdrawn her troops from
every part of Turkey ; but she has the impudence
4s well as knavery to compare the hostile occupa-
tion of Kars with the invited and friendly pre-
sence of the Allies in Turkey !

Very pretty opportunity the Russian plea
would furnish to England were she disposed to
use it ! Because Austria invited Russian armies
into Austrian territories, British fleets might, on
Russian principles, have attacked Trieste and
Fiume, and have landed troops in aid of the Hun-
garians, refusing to withdraw till Russia did also.
We might pursue the same course in Italy, and
wherever despots pretend to occupy a territory as
allies of the brother despot who misgoverns it.
In the matter of the Serpents' Isle, Austria is said
to be very angry ; she does not like the possibi-
lity of a little Bomarsund there. So far as she
is concerned no one would care ; but it is to be
hoped that Reni, Ismail, Kars, and the Serpents'
Isle will _rouse the Allies to inform. Russia that
they do not mean to be treated as the vanquished
in the eyes of all the East. Russia retains Kars
to the last, to impress the Kurdish tribes with
the belief that she does as suits her convenience
there, and that Turkey, with her Allies, are
powerless to restrain her. Surely, even Lours
NAPOLEON will not tolerate this. f If be will, we
trust Lord PALMERSTON will burst his leading-
strings, and take an independent course. Kars
touches English honour more than that of France.
If we could allow it to be starved into a surren-
der, we may a least let Asiatics see that Russians
are not, after its restoration, to turn back a Bri-
tish Officer and Commissioner. The affair is by
no means so trivial as it may appear, and Russia
knows that well. Our reputation is at stake
throUgh all Persia and Central Asia.

LATEST NEWS.

AMERICA.
ARRIVAL OF THE BALTIC.
LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY.
This morning at 9.30 the United States mail
steam-ship Baltic, Capt. Comstock, which was to
leave New York on the 19th inst., with the mails
from the United States and British North America,
arrived off the Great Ormshead. She is expected
in the river early in the afternoon.

MADRID, JT7LY 29.

All the provinces are tranquil, Saragoss9. ex•
cepted. It is thought that the majority in the
city will be disposed to capitulate. The resistance
of some chiefs only is anticipated.
Generals Echagues and Dulee are before Sara-
gossa, and reinforcements are arriving from all
sides.

MARSEILLES, JULY 29.

Marshal Pelissier has arrived, on board the
Roland, at Malta, where he was entertained by

the Governor.

The Marshal was to leave the island on th e
20th or 27th.

The Journal de Constantinople, of the 213 t,
disputes the occupation of the Isle of Serpents
by the Russians, as well as the delay in the eva-
cuation of Kars, into which the Russians had
thrown a reinforcement of 12;000 men. How-
weer, it is hoped that these affairs will be ar-
ranged.

General Codrington left Constantinople on the
k, •
91st. He was to visit Athens with the fleet
that accompanied him.

The Paris Correspondent of the Morning Post
(second edition) says :—I regret to think that pub-
lic attention lately diverted from the East• will soon
again be drawn towards that quarter. The Turkish
Government complains that Russiashows adisposti
tion not to carry out loyally the stipulations of
-the treaty of Paris. Instead of evacuating Kars,
she has only very recently sent 4,000 men to that
place, who have robbed and laid waste whole
forests containing immense resources in timber for
naval constructions, which were undoubtedly the
property of the Turkish Empire. I understand
that a note from the Turkish Government relative
to these facts may soon be expected at our Foreign-
office. The coolness between the Courts is patent.
Russia has not yet a representative at Constanti-
nople, nor has she thought proper to notify to the
Porte the approaching coronation of the Czar.
The Sultan feels the slight, and will, of course,
send no Turkish dignitary to Moscow.