The Sun.
London, England, 1869-10-28 00:00:00

ruE SUN, LONDON, TRIIRSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER qB, 1869.

CRYSTAL PALACE.-THIS DAY AND
EVENING.—Warmed throughout.

GRAND FIREWORKS and FOUNTAINS,
6.30.

BLONDIN, VELOCIPEDES, & ETHARDO,
8.0.

PALACE LIGHTED UP till 9.30.

AS USUAL, ONE SHILLING.—Rese-ved
Seats at the Palace only.

ATACCABE.—GREAT ST. JAMES'S HALL,
ITA Regent-street and Piccadilly.
LAST MGHT BUT TWO.

3/AC CABE TO-NlGHTwillgive theFOITETH
IL FAREWELL PERFORMANCE of his univer-
sally popular Entertainment BEGONE, DULL CARE,
which attracted the largest and most fashionable audietce
on Monday ever assembled in the Great St. James's Hall.
Throngs are turned away nightly. Secure your seats in
advance for the final performances. Every Evening at
Eight o'clock, and SaturJay next at Three and Eight.
Full Orchestra.

Conductor, T. G. HARRIS, M.D.

AT A CCAB E. —TO-NIGHT, at Eight, in
Twenty-four of his original Personations and
Songs—A superb exposition of Ventriloquism—New
musical effects—Complete Programme ; complete Orches-
tra ; and a complete Entertainment. GREAT ST.
JAMES'S HALL. 2,000 Shilling Seats.

yACCABE has achieved a much greater suc-
cess than any other artiste who has attempted
nightly to errertaiu an audience, having by his own un-
assi,ted efforts been enabled to c natinue the same round
of characters for the past four years, without change or
interruption, and on every occasion to draw forth the flat.
tering and tumultuous approbation of the largest number
of spectators ever drawn together by a single performer.
GREAT ST.JAMES'S HALL, FOR ONE WEEK ONLY.

THE FOURTH RECEPTION of FREDERIC
HACCABE'S FAREWELL REPRESENTA-
TIONS of his universally popular "BEGONE, DULL
CARE, in London, will take place THIS (Thursday)
EVENING, at the GREAT ST. JAMES'S HALL,
Regent-street and Piccadilly. Maccabo cannot possibly
appear in London for some time to come after SATUR-
DAY NEXT, on which day he will give an EXTRA
AFTERNOON PERFORMANCE Prices of admission
—Sofa stalls, 55.; stalls, 3s. ; balcony, 25.; area and
gallery, Is. Tickets and Programmes can be obtained at
Mr. Austin's Ticket Office, 28, Piccadilly; and at all the
principal Music-sellers and librarians.
Manager and Business Agent,
Mr. JOHN F. SUTTON.

THEATRE-ROYAL DRURY-LANE.
,zole Lessee and Manager, Mr. F. B. Chatterton

THIS EVENING, at 7, BELLES OF THE KITCHEN. At S,
FORMOS A : Yessrs. Barrett, II Irving, David Fisher, Brittain,
Wright, John Rouse; Mrs Billington, Misses M. Brennan, Mac-
donald. and Katharine Rodgers. Conclude with BORROWED
PLUMES

711-7 11.3
lit
• - 1
*
1, t

ginning to end as this pompous announcement by the
foes of the Imperial Government of a formidable
demonstration being imminent and all but inevitable
on the 26th of October—when the day passed over
without there being any demonstration at all.
It is about upon a par, in its way, with
that ridiculous prediction of the high tide
which was to cause so much devastation, but which
never came off, or with those Apocalyptic announce-
ments from Crown-court, of the destruction of all
things—that Last Day of Dr. CUMMING'S, which has
£o often been postponed. NAPOLEON 111. has never
been more strongly in power, as the head of the
French nation, then he is at this very time when he
is about to constitutionalize the general organization
of his Government.

IT is always interesting, and often encouraging, to
contemplate the representations of social and domestic
life, and the suggestions for reform, which are con-
tained in the literature of a past generation. It is
surprising how rapidly opinions and proposals which
were thought revolutionary at the time of their
first promulgation becc.me obsolete and antiquated. We
are diem disposed to complain that progress seems slow
and the labour involved in necessary changes wearisome;
but we may always take courage by noting the
immense difference which separates the conditions of
to-day from those of even a few years back. A
writer in the Saturday Review has justly been
amazed at the strange things he has found in a work
on " Cottage Economy," by COBBETT—the famous
Radical, who wrote such excellent English, and was
looked upon in his time with such suspicion. It
would certainly cut a mild figure by the
side of a treatise on the same subject by
even a moderate Reformer of our own day.
To a certain extent a representation by COBBETT of
the age in which he lived must be fallacious. His
egotism was so absorbing, his idiosyncracies so strange,
that no considerable body of his fellow-men could
endorse his opinions and prejudices. He was a
political party and a religious sect by him-
self. But he was also a Radical, and suffered
severely for his faith. It might have
been expected that a work on cottage
economy by a thinker who in many respects
so far outstripped his age would present no very
striking contrast to a similar treatise of the present
day, and would have advocated in a crude form some
of the ideas which are now becoming developed. But
though peasant life has advanced at no great pace, the
doctrines set forth by COBBETT are startlingly primi-
tive. Radical as he was, the ideas he gave to the world
fifty years ago are separated by a surprising dis-
tance from the most Conservative theories of to-day.
Plenty of work and plenty to eat he regards as the
two sole essentials to cottage happiness. To him
labour is no mere drudgery; it is the one blessing of
life ; and provided the larder be full, all other
considerations books, education, amusement--
so many vanities. _

His v food system is as simple as his general
theory of life's necessaries. According to the
"Cottage Economy," there are only three
kinds of meat and drink worthy of consump-
tion—bread, bacon, and beer. The woman who
cannot make and bake bread is unworthy of her
husband's affection, and little likely to retain it. The
man who is not satisfied with fat bacon as
his sole article of animal food commits a
positive sin. " There is nothing like haying a store
of meat in the house, for the running to the butcher's
daily is a ridiculous thing." Now-a-days the cot-
tager regards fat bacon as better than nothing,
indeed ; but is not so overwhelmed with the ridicule
of daily running to the butcher's as to refrain from
claiming fresh meat whenever can be got. To
COBBETT the man who could not live on solid
fat bacon was " fit for the hospital." The
potato, according to this antiquated economist,
was an absurd article of food, partly because it formed
the staple of Irish diet, partly because it involved so
much paring and washing and boiling. Tea was still
more objectionable. It wasted time, it wasted
money ; it impaired the strength, it weakened
the intellect; it gave rise to idle and immoral
habits, and finally brought its victim to a pre-
mature grave ! Such were the trifling evils attendant
upon the cup that cheers but not inebriates.
It was costly, COBBETT declared, and required
great expenditure of time in the making. Beer was
the proper alternative to the miserable stuff with
which the present generation is poisoning itself in
guileless simplicity ; but by substituting beer for tea
the cottager straightway added ten or fifteen years to
his life. But let not the beer-drinker prematurely
rejoice at this potent testimony to the virtues of his
favourite beverage. COBBETT, for one thing,
though beer cheap, and allowed less than three
shillings a week for the liquor expenses of a whole
family, supposing tea to be eschewed. Given these
three requisites—beer, bacon, and bread—it seems
that a man may even dispense with religious obser-
vances. Two flitches of bacon are preferred to fifty
thousand methodist sermons; in fact, with plenty of
salted hog, the peasant undergoes no temptation, and ,
can scarcely do wrong. Indeed, COBBETT seemed
to hold that poverty was the chief, if not the only,
cause of irreligion."
_

In other respects the Radicalism of fifty years back
contrasts still more startlingly with the advanced
creed of the present day. What Radical in these
times would think of denouncing machinery as an
evil ? But in those days the hostility to mechanical
aids was at its height. COBBETT declared that all
new improvements were abuses ; division of labour
was bad ; and rather than attempt to make
progress with machinery and organisation,
people ought to go back to the time of
their grandfathers. Probably the age when
every man pitched his tent under the shadow of his
own vine and fig-tree, clothed himself with skins, and
lived on the produce of his flock and his plot of
ground, would have best (pleased the author
of " Cottage Economy." Extremes meet ; the very
advanced Radical of to-day marches towards Com-
munism by going forward; the advanced thinker of
half-a-century ago strove to reach the same end by
going backwards. Most men of culture now think
field labour for women an evil, only to be tolerated
because of the difficulty of abolishing it. COBBETT
thought that, next to baking bread and salting bacon
—the most honourable vocations for women were
digging and hoeing. Nothing enchanted him
so much as the sight of a pretty woman planting
cabbages. For many years past the Legislature of a
benighted nation has been struggling to get rid of
the Truck system of paying wages; our Reformer
of a past age thought the farmer would be a fool
if he did not pay in kind. Self-interest must
shew him that he ought to pay for nothing in money
when he can pay for it in anything but money. The
efforts of enlightened persons now-a-days are much
directed to providing innocent recreation and amuse-
ment for the poor ; " Cottage Economy " stigmatises
all amusement as a species of vice. But education
comes in for the largest measure of unmixed contempt.
Reading and writing were all very well doubtless—
otherwise COBBETT himself could hardly have consis-
tently turned author ; but the art of bread-winning
should be taught first, and instruction given afterwards.
Children should not waste their time in the idleness
of what is called education ; book learning comes
very well after other more important things. It gave
COBBETT unmixed pleasure to find a child just turned
six helping his father to reap. It was gratifying to
see so small a boy fit to be trusted with so dangerous
an instrument as a reaping: hook. "Teaching to read does
not tend to independence like teaching to reap." here
is a problem for the Birmingham League : should our
educational machinery fur the future consist solely
of night schools for the benefit of those who, having
learned to gain a livelihood, are fit to be taught
reading ? The Radical philosophy of fifty years back
is more Conservative than the crotchets of the
most rigid rural dignitary in these times. The
Radicalism of a man who was looked upon
as a firebrand, is a system of patriarchal
life which the most ultra-Tory of 1869 would '
never hope for. Such is the difference of fifty years.
Will the next fifty years make a similar change ?
Will FAWCETT and MILL and FAVRE be as anti-
quated and out of date. in 1926 as COBBETT is now ;
and if so, what will be the result ? •

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

The 20th of October, observes the Times, has come and
gone, and there has been no riot in Paris. What next ?
Have the rowers which first aroused and then allayed this
popular storm the means of evoking it at their pleasure?
And, if so, is the riot for ever given up, or is it only
adjourned? It is for the Emperor Napoleon to answer
these questions. It may be always in his power to crush
opposition ; but he might find it more for his advantage
simply to disarm it. It seems difficult to doubt that a
clear-sighted ruler like tho present French Monarch
must realise to the full extent his present situation.
It is impossible for us to discover on what principle the
Emperor's policy during these- last few months has been
based. We have no hesitation in acquitting him of deli-
berate equivocation ; we are willing to admit that he acted
on upright, generous impulses. But then his besetting
uneasiness and his habit of endless wavering and repining
have almost spoilt everything. He probably thought he
could win all if he could but gain time. Yet what has
delay really achieved in his favour ? He has created an
impression that he meant to take away with his right hand
what he had given with his left. He awaited his adversaries
on the 20th of Oetober and they disappointed him. What
if his adversaries, in their turn thought their own time
would come on the 29th of November? What if they
were getting ready for the encounter which they shunned
on Tuesday last ? Of course the Emperor may have it in
his power to bear down all opposition with the strong
hand. But a reliance on mere force is scarcely consistent
with good policy. It is hardly compatible with public
right, even such as is laid down in the Imperial Constitu-
tion. The Emperor may be entitled to employ sheer force
against dynastic adversaries, but he can never be justified
in drawing the sword against constitutional opponents.
In a purely constitutional conflict he must seek not the
army's but the people's support.
Now that the Queen's 'Writ of Privy Seal and Letter
Recommendatory have been issued to the Dean and
Chapter of Exeter, the Daily Irews thinks we may hope
for an early termination of the scandalous exhibitions
which so many of the clergy have• lately been making of
themselves at public meetings and in the newspapers.
Among minor advantages, the issue of the congd
will, it may be hoped, put an end to the distressing
impecuniosity which has thus early overtaken the
Cockspur-street Committee, for there can be no
use in summoning the clergy at great expense
to pray the Queen "not to recommend the
said Dr. Temple to the roe of Exeter," now
that she has already done so. The hollow agitation against
Dr. Temple has not collapsed before it has done some
good. Simple and sincere minds, who a fortnight ago were
distressed because they were not sure that there was not
some ground for the outcry against Dr. Temple, have been
greatly relieved to find that after all his opponents have
nothing tangible to allege. Unable to find heretical doc-
trine in his sermons, the latter are driven to say that his
appointment would cause "great scandal" in the
Church ; but as they themselves are mainly responsible
for the scandal by their misrepresentations, they are
not entitled to use it as an argument against the
Royal choice. Their letters and speeches only show
how necessary it is that wise and charitable men
should be called to the chief places in the Church. Loud
as is the outcry which Dr. Temple's opponents have made,
they have sail nothing against him which they have not
surpassed in decrying one another. Things have gone far
enough when a Low Church Dean denounces a pious and
learned High Church Divinity Professor in the public
prints as a "leper ;" and it is alarming to think how the
vituperative capabilities of the English language may be
developed if this controversy goes on. If the Dean and
Chapter of Exeter read the newspapers, they will surely
have mercy on the whole Church, and bring this turmoil
to an end by performing their ministerial duty.
It is officially announced, says the Standard, that the
Crown has issued the conyO d'ilire to the Dean and
Chapter of Exeter for the election of Dr. Temple. Thus
far, then, it would seem that the emphatic protest which
the nomination has elicited from Churchmen of all shades
of opinion has had not the slightest weight in shaking the
determination of Mr. Gladstone. He knows perfectly well
that the selection of Dr. Temple has aroused an almost
unanimous feeling of indignation and disgust, and he shews
his sense of it by hurrying on the completion of the
appointment as quickly as possible. The result is that the
Church is to be saddled with a bishop whose conspicuous
characteristic is that he either will not or cannot free
himself from the charge of holding and sympathising with
the triply'-condemned heresies of " Essays and Reviews."
And it is a Liberal Premier, Mr. Gladstone, the High
Church champion of orthodoxy, who does this. He it is
who makes use of his position to affront and outrage the
Church, and to make her sons know and feel how galling
the yoke of the State may be when it is imposed by a
reckless or vindictive statesman. It is difficult to acquit
Mr. Gladstone of acting with deliberate intention in
this matter, seeing that the object of his choice
has no claims whatever to the distinction awarded
to him, and has, besides, the positive disquali-
fication of being branded as a teacher of unsound
doctrine. There can be but one object to be gained
in forcing such a bishop upon the Church, and Mr. Glad-
stone may rely upon it that sooner or later he will be
made to feel the strength of the indignant feeling which
he has provoked. In presence of the dogged determina-
tion with which he has pressed forward this appointment
there seems very little hope that it can be successfully re-
sisted, but we trust that, at the least, it will be met at
every stage by a firm and unanimous, if unavailing, pro-
test, which shall gather up the sense of the whole Church
against it. Mr. Gladstone must not be permitted the
satisfaction of finding that the Church is a silent
accomplice in the indignity to which she is to be sub-
jected.

The Telegraph is exceedingly glad to find that Mr. Roe-
buck has not been put down, and will not be put down.
Thrown out of Parliament by a local artisan resentment
which he may be proud to have provoked, he seized the
occasion of his overthrow to make one of the happiest and
pluckiest speeches that he had uttered during his whole
political career. Not much had been heard of him since
things at Sheffield went so contrary ; but the other night,
at the annual meeting of the Dewsbury Mechanics' Institute,
he came to the surface as fearless, as racy, as original as
ever. Now the working man is not less his care than in
the days when he had more direct and practical relations
with the working class, and when he aided in procuring for
the people the broad franchise lately conceded with such
nappy results. But in these days, when the workman has
got what was his right as a citizen, Mr. Roebuck rings in
his ear a new, a gentler, a not less noble demand—that the
workman shall himself do what it is at once in his right
and in his power to do as a man and a gentleman. It
is just possible that he may be accused of cold-
hearted indifference to lowly ambition when he says
that the true object of the working man should be,
not to get out of his station, but to be happy in
it. The facts, however, are in his favour when
he reminds us that for one George Stephenson
there are millions who never can and never will
be George Stephenson; and surely it is immeasurably
better for workmen to surround themselves with simple
and elevating pleasures in the place which they actually
occupy ; than to to repine, and fret, and make all around
them unhappy, because they cannot at a bound overleap
the barriers of the social state in the country where their
lot had been cast. It is a strong point in favour of Mr.
Roebuck's theory, that James Watt's invention was in-
spired by the homely tea-kettle at a tranquil and comfort-
able fireside; and has not somebody said that in the
calm of the affections the intellect finds its happiest work-
ing time ?

The Pest remarks that the advantage which an Irishman
gains bygoing to America is often of a more than question-
able nature. If the wage is high, the work is laborious,
and it is accompanied by conditions which make life neither
pleasant nor long in the land of his adoption. It would
be difficult to say how far the feverish state of
existence through which an Irishman passscs who
settles in New York, and the reckless conscious-
ness which he soon arrives at that, merry or
not, his life will be a short one, have contributed to swell
the ranks and keep up the funds of the American Fenians,
But that mischievously useless movement has found its
chief support amongst the Irish in the towns. Irishmen
who have gone out to the West, and have planted their
roof-trees upon land of their own, have had more pressing
interests to occupy their thoughts than the invasion of
Ire A.mcria, as in the old country, it is the people
who had n,Allin'; to lose who have joined the movement.
Landowners, whether in Wexfurd or in lowa, have stood
aloof from it. For Ireland, as fur her far more
wealthy neighbour, emigration must continue to be a
resource upon which there will be a greater demand
at one time than at another, according to circum-
stances, but of which neither e..un try can ever
expect to be wholly independent; and for Irishmen
who have the good of their poorer fellow-country-
men at heart, it ought to be a question of the deepest
interest how far they can aid a mcvcment which seeks to
rescue Irish emigrants from the destroying toil of the
cities and to transf.A. them to the hopeful Western States,
where they may realise what in their native country is,
and must ever be, nothing more than a dream. One
thing is certain, namely, that the waste of Irish life upon.
`,ho public and other works of the eastern cities of Ame.ric,,
lamentably great, and that the stream of emigration
,i.ennially adding to it. It is surely worth an effort t;•
,educe that waste, especially as there is such good reason
to believe that the undertaking presents no insupersbl,
Cdflicaltics.

CONFI1?.211 A TION- OF 711 E .A 7 ETV BISHOP

OF SALISBURY.

-

The ceremony of confirming the election of tho Rev.
Dr. George Moberly, D.D., formerly Head Master of
Winchester College, to the Lb_lopric of Salisbury, took
place on Wedne'sday, in the parish church of St. Mary-le-
Bow, Cheapside. The Litany Service was read, after which
Sir Travers Twiss, the Vicar-General of the Province, took
his scat at a table in the body of the chance], the Bishop
Elect remaining in his pew. Dr. Robertson, the Proctor for
the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury, presented to the Vicar-
General the letters patent of the Queen opened under the
Great Seal, which the Vicar-General directed the principal
registrar of the province, Mr. F. Hart Dyke, to read aloud.
The Bishop elect then advanced from his pew and took his
scat opposite the Vicar-General, who ordered that all
oppescrs should be called. Mr. Kerkman made the usual
proclamation, but no one opposing, the Bishop knelt
before the Vicar-General and took the usual oaths. The
Vicar-General then formally cenfirmed Dr. Moberly's
election, and signed the usual documents.

A.,* .A 4, Mania
,„_

HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL CASTLE, Oct. 25.
The Queen, attended by the Marchioness of Ely
went out in the morning.
Her Majesty, accompanied by Princess Beatrice,
Princess Louise, and Prince Leopold, went to the
GlaE:salt Sheil in the afternoon.

LATEST MULL MENCII

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.:

(Per French Atlantic Cable.)

NEW YORK, Oct. 27.
The National steamship Company's steamer
Virginia arrived here yesterday.
The Allan (Glasgow) steamship St. David ar
rived out to-day.

The steamers which leave to-day for Europe
take out $475,000 in Epecie.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
CLOSING PRICES.
Gold closed at 1291 ; the highest quotation dot'
ing the day was 1301; the lowest, 1291.
Sterling Exchange on London 1081•
5-20 U. S. Bonds, 1882 l2Ol.
16 " 1885 1191•
16 " 1867 ll7.
10-40 44
Illinois 138;•
Erie
Cotton—Mid. upland 2611°•
Petroleum—Standard White 34c•
Flour, extra state, $5.75c. to $6.35c. Coro, 0
ld
mixed, sl.Bc.