The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-30 00:00:00

Sporting Intelligence.

NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING MEETING.
THE SUBSCRIPTION-ROOM.-MONDAY NIGHT.

Yellow Jack wag all alive again. He had evidently re-
covered from the effect of the opposition which he en-
countered " before dinner," and at the close of business,
at midnight, he was, for money, as good a favourite as
Porto Rico. Fazzoletto receded to 6 to 1, offered, and
was almost friendless.

6 to 4 waR betted on two, and 3 to 1 on three.

2,500 to 25 was laid against Yellow Jack's winning
the Two Thousand, Mincepie the Thousand, Imogene
the Chester Cup, and Wentworth the Derby.
Typee was in some request for the Chester Cup-1,000
to 30 was taken freely about her.
The business transacted was as under :
TWO THOUSAND.
9to 4 agst Porto Rico (taken and offered).
5 to 2 agst Yellow Jack (taken freely).
6to 1 agst Fazzoletto (taken and offered)
10 to 1 agst Bird-in Hand (taken).
100 to 6 ag,t Polmoodie (offered)
100 to 6 asst Milton and Enchanter (coupled)
20 to 1 agst Pit-a.PAt (offered).
CHESTER CUF.
1000 to 30 agst Typee (taken freely).
1000 to 20 agst Van Dunck (taken)
THE DERBY.
1000 to 40 agst Fly;by•Night (taken).
PORT STAKES, 1357.

1,000 even, P.P., on Brother to Bird-on-the-Wing
against Fazzoletto (taken.)
TUESDAY.

Sweepstakes of 300 eovs each, 100 ft, for 4-yr-olds ;
cults, B,t 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b. 8.0. (4 miles 1 fur-
lotig 173 yards.) 8 subs.
Lord Derby's Paletot, by Touchstone, Bst 71b
(Bartholomew) 1
Mr. H. Lane's Joshua, Bst 71b (Flatman) 2
Duke of Bedford's Pugnator, Bst 7.1 b. . (S. Rogers) 3
Betting-5 to 4 agst Pugnator, Gto 4 agst Paletot, 2
to 1 agst Joshua.
Won by 20 lengths. Pugnator broke down, and walked
in.

Handicap PIAO of 70 soya for 3.yr•olds and upwards.
A.F. (1 mil© 2 turlongs 73 yards.)

Mr. Adkins's Curious, by Carin,;'ek, 3 Yrg, G;t 71b
(Fordhaw) + 1
Captain Lane's Crown Pigeon, 4 yrs, 7st 9[b _

(J. Mann) t 2
fk
Mr. Armstrong'
Alcyone, 4 yrs, ist 6ib(Quinion) 3

The f Towing also ran :—Fact, Boer, Coleshill, tilyn -
pus, lona, Tom Thum.
Betting-5 to 2 agst Curious ; 5 to 1 each agst Boer
and Fact ; 6 to 1 each asst Crown Pigeon and Alcyone.
A fine race in with Curious and Crown Pigeon, result-
ing in a dead heat. Alcyone was beaten about two lengths;
lona, Boer, and Tom Thumb were next.
Deciding Heat—Betting—Even on Curious, who won
easily.
- _

The Two Thousand Guineas Stakes, a subscription of
100 sovs each, h. ft. ; for 3.yr-olds ; colts Bst Vb.,

fillies Bst 41b. The owner of the second to rtceive back

his stake. R.M. (1 mile 17 yard-). 36 subs.
Lord Derby's FazzAetto, by Orlando, Bst 71b(Flatmln) 1
Mr. Howard's Yellow Jack, Bit 71b (S. Rogers) 1
Mr. Combo's Pit•a•Pat, Bst 71b (J. Mann) 3
Lord Glasgow's Brother to Bird•on-the-Wing, B.t 71b
(Alderoft) 4
The following also ran :—Bird-in,Hand, Milton, En•
chanter, Queen's Head, Polinoodie, Porto Rico.

_ •
Betting-2 to 1 agst Yellow Jack ;sto 2 agst Porto
Rico ; 6 to 1 agst Fazzlietto ; 6 to 1 agst Bird-in-Hand ;
20 to 1 each age; nilon, Brother to Bird-on-the-Wing,
and Polmoodie ; 25 to 1 a-4st Enchanter.
The Race—They got away almost abreast at the first
attempt. Queen's Head made the running, with Yellow
Jack second, Pitapat, Polmoodie, BrY her to Bird-on-the-
Wing, Fazzoietto, Porto Rico, and Milton lying side by
side just behind them. On descending the Bushes hill,
Fazzoletto " came out," and Yellow Jack went gamely
to work. A most exciting race in resulted in favour 01
Fazzoletto, who beat Yellow Jack easily by half a
length ; the same distance between the second and third,
and a length between the third and fourth. At an in-
terval of two lengths came Porto Rico with Polmoodie,
Enchanter, Bird-in-Hand, and Queen's Head in the order
named well up with him. Milton finished several lengths
in the rear.

On returning to scale an objection was made against
the winner by Aldcrott, the rider of Brother to Bird•on
the-Wing, on the ground that Fazzoletto had " crossed"
him. The case WAS referred to the stewards for inves-
tigation.
Sweepstakes of 5 soya each, for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b;
fillies, Bst 31b. The winner to be sold for 50 sovs if
demanded, &c. T.Y.C. (5 furlongs 140 yards.)

-
3 subs.
Mr. Howard's Little Emma, Bst 31b (Wells) 1
Mr. Robinson's Plimpton Maid, Bst 31b...(Quinton) 2
Lord Anglesey's Jen d'E4prit, Bst 71b...(H. Goater) 3
Betting—Even on Little Emma. Won by a length ;
half a le.gth between the second and third.
The winner was claimed by Mr. Robinson, awl J, u
d'Esprit was claimed by Mr. Howard.
Sweepstakes of 10 Buys each with 25 added, for 3-yr.
olds, 7st; 4-yr-olds, Sit 71b; 5-yr-olds, Bst 121 b; 6-
yr.olds and aged. 94. The winner to be 501.. t for
3001. Ab. M. (7 fur. 212 yards.) 4 subs.
Duke of Bedford's Alastor, by lago, 3 Yr°, 7st (Plumb) 1
Lord Anglesey's Flying Duche,t,, 3 yrs, 7st (Fordhain) 2
Captain Lane's Tug o' Wat, 3 yrs, 7st ~,(J. Steggles) 3
Mr. Stevens'sHercules,
5 Yrs, Bst 121 b (Yates) 4
'
BAting-6 to 4 agst Alastor; 2 to 1 agst Hercules
3to 1 agst Tug o' War. Won by a length ; bad third ;
Hercules was tailed off.

Notwithstanding the cold showery weather, the "Two
Thousand " drew together an immense concourse of
spectators. The sport was most interesting, and the
objection which was made to Fazzoletto created consi-
derable excitement. The case was investigated by the
stewards immediately after the races at 7 o'clock, but
no decision was arrived at, and the further hearing of
the evidence was postponed until half-pacit 9. At about
a quarter to 11 it was announced officially that the
stewards had decided that Fazzoletto was entitled to the
stakes ; a decision that gave great satisfaction.

LATEST BETTING.
CHESTER CUP.
Bto I agst Yellow Jack
THE DERBY.
2 to 1 agst 'Wentworth
12 to 1 agst Fazzoletto
100 to 6 agst Fly-by• Night
1000 to 30 agst Br. to Bird on the Wing

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.—(This Day.)

LONDON, April 30.—Wind this day at noon, W.N.W.
light broeza and cloudy.
PLYMOUTH, April 29.—Wind N.N.W.—Sailed—
Priscilla and William Brombam, for Queb:c.

(PEB ELEOTBIO TELEGRAPH.)
SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning.
Arrived—Memnon and Midas, from Swansea ; Alarm,
Newport; Mars and John, Cardiff; Onex, Port Madoc ;
La Poule, Cherbourg ; Alderman, Shields.
Sailed—Nancy, for Sunderland.
LIVERPOOL, Wednesday Morning.
Wind N.E.
Arrived—Alexander, from Mobile ; Berwick Walls,
Amsterdam.
Sailect—Tirrel, for Boston ; Diva, Calcutta ; Medore,
Pernambuco ; JaMOS R. Keeler and Cornelia Laurence,
New York.

Wiud N.N.E. QUEENSTOWN, April 28.
Sailed— Giaour, for Antwerp; Niagara, St. John's,
N. 8..

Wind N.E. WATERFORD, Monday.
Sailed—Thistle, for Quebec.
(BY dUBMARTNR BRITTSH TELEGRAPIT.I
GRAVESEND, Wednesday, 10.31 a.m. ,
Wind S.W.; title, high water ; cloudy.
Arrived, April 29—Time and Truth, from Madras.
Arrived, April 30—Tornasin, from NOW York; Lis-
moyne, Calcutta; Mermaid, and Lively, Guernsey; Ellen,
Jamaica ; Flora M`Donald, Colombo; Chieftain, Ma.uti-
tins ; Sylph, Boulogne ; Karen Maria, l3romst.
Sailed—Sydney Hall, for Riga.
DEAL, Wednesday, 10.20 a.m.

Wind W.S.W., light.
Passed—Mary Lyons, from Cadiz, for London ; Alfred,
Terceira, London ; Margaret Johanna. Batavia, Amster-
dam ; Stalt Schiedam, Batavia, Rotterdam ; Brothers,
Port Madoc, Newburg ; her Majesty's steamer Bulldog,
with Thunder battery in tow, for Sheerness; her Majesty's
ship Dee, westward, London ; John Carrier, London,
Mobile ; Buen Jesus, London, Havre.
Anchored—John Spencer, from London, for Liverpool ;
Guglielmo, London, Naples.
Report of Richard Young, from Calcutta :—April 20,
spoke the • Hamburg barquo Wilhelruina, Ludwig, lat.
45.21 N., lon. 12.45, wind E.N.E., strong ; April 24—brig
Corunna, No. 2,315, lat, 47,54 N., lon, 8,10 W., wind
Atrog.

SURUENDER OF OUP MARITIME
RIGHTS.

(Fmn the Morning Herald of this day.)

It was with no ordinary feelings of shame and indignation
that we yesterday published the deliberate cession of those
maritime rights which England has from time immemorial
mantained.

The annex to Protocol No. 23 contains the following decla-
ration :

" The plenipotentiaries having come to an agreement, have
adopted the following solemn declaration :
" The neutral flag covers enemy's good, with the exception
of contraband of war.

" Neutral goods, with the exception of contraband of war,
are not liable to capture under the enemy's flag."
Without comment we proceed to show that this is the
abandonment of a principle which England has heretofore
defended as inviolable, and to which she owes her maritime
greatness.

In 1745 Frederick the Second attempted to resist the pay-
ment of the Silesian indemnity on the grounds that we had
injured Prussia by seizing belligerent property in her bottoms;
not by infraction of any treaty with Prussia, but of a natural
right. Upon the showing of the law officers of the Crown,
and the judges, the claim was resisted, and the indemnity
was paid.
In 1780 we were at war with France and Spain and witk
our own colonies. Russia seized the moment to propose a
new system of neutral trade. The Russian treaty of the
armed neutrality contained the clause that " The effects of
warring powers shall be free in neutral vessels." Spain,
.Sweden, Prussia, France, and Denmark joined this treaty.
Mr. Fox, unknown to his colleagues, sent a secret instruc-
tion to the British ambassador at St. Petersburgh to make a
private offer to the Empress Russia to abandon this right
of seizure. He was not, however, strong enough to put
down the law. England made no concession, She showed,
in a series of notes addressed to Sweden and Denmark, that
she wished not to infringe on any right they hid, but that
she wou'd not and could not submit to intimidation. She
continued to seize enemies' goods, in spite of the armed neu-
trality, and the result was the total destruction of the power
of all those who had banded together, and the annulling, by
every one of them, of the principle they had put forth.
In 1800 there was a second armed neutrality. The follow-
ing aro the despatches of two British Ministers on the occa-
sion of this right of search and seizure being resisted by Den-
mark.

Mr. Mercy, British Minister at Copenhagen, writes to Count
Bern stoff in 1800 :

" The right of visiting and examining in the open sea mer-
chant vessels, of whatever nation or whatever may be their
destination, is regarded by the British Government as the in-
contestable right of every nation at war—a right which is
founded on the law of nations, and which has been generally
admitted and acknowledged."
Lord Whitworth, who was sent as a special envoy on the
same occasion, wrote to the same Minister :
" The right claimed by the King is the necessary result of
the state of war. If the principle is once admitted that a
Danish frigate can legally guarantee from search six merchant
vessels of that nation, it follows naturally that this same
power—that any other power—can by means of the smallest'
ship of war extend the same protection over all the enemy's
commerce. All that is required is to find. in the civilised
world some one neutral state, however insignificant, suffi-
ciently friendly to our enemies to be willing to lend her flag
to cover their commerce 'without herself encountering any
risk ; for once the power of search is taken away, fraud will
no longer fear discovery."
The consequences of the second armed neutrality were the
same as the first. England maintained her rights ; the war
put an end to, and in the treaty of Amiens, which followed,
there were no pretensions put forward that the flag should
cover goods.
In the treaty signed with Russia afterrthe assassination of
the Emperor Paul it is stipulated, that goods on board neu-
tral vessels shall be free, with the exception of contraband of
war and enemies' property."

When France and Russia coalesced in 1807 the matter was
again put forward. The English Government made the fol-
lowing declaration :
" His Majesty proclaims anew those principles of maritime
law against which the armed neutrality under the auspices of
the Empress Catherine was originally directed, and against
which the present hostilities of Russia are denounced. Those
principles have been recognised and acted on in the best
periods of the history of Europe, and acted upon by no power
with more strictness and severity than Russia herself in the
reign of the Empress Catherine.
" Those principles it is the right and duty of his Majesty
to maintain against every confederacy. His Majesty, under
the blessing of Pr ,vidence, is determined to maintain them.
They have at all times contributed essentially to the support
of the maritime power of Great Britain."
The English Government in 1812 thus describes the de-
mand as put forward by France :
" The enemy requires that we should recognise as a prin-
ciple that the goods of an enemy under a neutral flag should
be treated as neutral goods. By these demands the enemy
requires that Great Britain, and all civilised nations, shall at
his pleasure renounce the natural and incontestable rights of
ar ; th :t Great Britain in particular shall surrender all the
advantages of her naval superiority."
. . _ _

In the admission of this right the United States have con-
curred ; it is laid down by their principal law authority,
Judge Storey, that " though it had sometimes been resisted
it was an acknowledged part of the law of nations."
Jefferson writes, " I believe it cannot be doubted that by
the general law of nations the goods of an enemy found in
the vessels of a friend are good prize."
Nelson said of this right that England should maintain it
while she had a ship, a man, or a shilling.
Sir William Scott thus declares the law :
" The right etvisiting and searching merchant ships upon
the high seas,,:.4nhtever be the ships, whatever be the car-
goes, whateVer be the destination, is an incontstable right
of the hiwfully commissioned cruisers of all belligerent
nations."

This right, so incontestable in law, up to 1854 so invariable
in practice ; this right which England has maintained tri-
umphantly against the banded navies in the world ; this right,
which is an integral part of her very existence, Lord Claren-
don has by a stroke of his pen abrogated and effaced, and th•
band of an English minister has filched from us that trident
which Russia, France, Sweden, Denmark, and Prussia could
❑ot wrench from our grasp.
There is but one term to apply to this destruction of a fun-
damental law of England without consultation with and con.
sent of the three estates of the realm,

STATE OF TRADE.

FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

MANCHESTER, Aram 29.
Business has been very quiet to-day ; both spinners and
manufacturers have met with vary little support, and prices,
though generally firm, in consequence of previous engage-
ments, have been in favour of buyers.
We are enabled to report that trade generally, in all de-
partments of manufacture, maintains a steady position, whilst
the anticipations of future prosperity aro founded on most
satisfactory evidence. The recent impulse in the Liverpool
market bai not altogether been caused by mere specula-
tion, but may be attributed in a very large degree
to bona fade transactions of purchasers for the trade,
in the full expectation that a sound and healthy business is
rapidly approaching. Speenlation has dou tless been actively
engaged in the past excitement, but whilst this spirit has
been at work the claims of business have not altogether been
overlooked, and a quick and intelligent eye has constantly
been kept on the steady increase in the demand, and the
prospect which presents itself all around of an increasing con-
sumption.

These oreers are clearly recognised by most practical men,
and the Pries s Current of Messrs. George Fraser and Son, of
this city, abundantly confirm them. "At home," it is re-
marked, " the condition of the masses of the people continue
to improve. Empllymerit is active, and food, though far
from cheap, has for same months past gradually been declining
in value, whilst wages keep high or tending upwards. Abroad
the same features exist. All over the continent of Europe, where
from the effect of emigration and of increased employment, in
various ways arising, for the populations of the leading States,
the value of labour has risen some 15 or 10 per cent, and up-
wards during the last year or two. India constantly becomes
a larger market ; China has resumed extensive purchases ;
and the United States' markets have taken off very largely
increased quantities of our manufactures. Thus there has
been an increasing consumyti so, but it has been by the in-
crease of stocks in middle la ends that we may probably ac-
count chiefly for the largely-in -.Teased demand experienced in
our market for several months past. When the war broke
out, and the future became so threatening, there was a dispo-
sition everywhere manifested to reduce stocks to the lowest
working point, and we had occasion from time to time to ex-
press our belief that no diminution existed in the consump-
tion tantamount to the decrease experienced in the demand
from the summer of 1854 to the spring of last year, which
resulted in a great decline in our prices. The reverse of this
action has latterly been taking place, from the removal of
those causes which led to the reduction of middle stocks ;
for, looking at the large consumption which took place during
the latter six or eight months of 1855, by which our market
was gradually cleared of the stocks which had previously de-
pressed prices, and the values of goods were equalised, and
this in the faee of extremely dear money, and whilst also the
expectation was general that at least another year of war
might he looked for, it was immediately felt on the announce-
ment of a probable peace that thefuture course of prices must be
upwards, that the time had come for rep'acing middle stocks
on their usual extensive footing. It will only be when this
has fully taken place that the actual improvement in the con- '
sumption can fairly be estimated, and in the meantime prices
may attain, or have already attained, a position in excess of
that at which they will ultimately continue. The advance
which has already taken place in prices has considerably =-
tailed the demand during the last ten days ; but spinners and
manufacturers remain very firm at their quotations, from the
absence of stocks, and the advancing state of the cotton
market."

It may be mentioned that, notwithstanding the generally
satisfactory state of the staple trade of Manchester, pecuniary
difficulties have been experienced by a few manufacturers and
others, and some of these are at present working under in-
spection : but in no case of large extent has there been such
a state of affairs as to cause much less, or to endanger the in-
terests of the working people. In a district abounding with
large concerns, and employing so great a number of hands, it
is matter of surprise and congratulation that the operations
of trade have been maintained so steadily, and with so small
an amount of injury from failures or partial stoppages. The
merchant class have passed through the war ordeal most gal-
lantly ; and proof has thereby been given of the prudence of
their business conduct, and the caution and skill exercised in
their transactions.

A meeting of Spinish certificate holders took place
yesterday, S;r J. Fitzgerald, M,P., presiding, when a
series of resolutions were agreed to, organising a new
committee to prosecute their claims both in Madrid and
in this country. The several speakers adverted to the
improved condition of the revenue of Spain and to the
neglect which has been exhibited by successive Ad-
ministrations in not providing fur these securities.
PRIM,: OF GOLD.—Tt‘e quotaticn of gold at Paris is
about 5 per mills premium (according to the last tariff),
which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 101 d. per
oz. for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25.29. ; and,
the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25.371,
it follows that gold is about 0.32 per cent. dearer in Lon•
don than in Paris. By ad vices from Hamburg the price
of gold is 4261 per mark, which, at the English Mint
price of 3/. 17s. 101 d. per oz. for standard gold, gives an
exchange of 13.5b5- ; and, the exchange at Hamburg on
London at short being 13.7, it follows that gold is 0.64
per cent. dearer in London than in Hamburg. The
c )urse of exchange at New Ycrk on London for bills at
60 days' sight is 1091 per cent., and, thepar of exchange
between Eugiand and America being 109 23.40 per cent.,
it follows that the exchange is nominally 0.08 per cent.
against England ; but, after making allowance for
charges of transport and difference of interest, the pre-
sent rate leaves no profit on the transiniakion of gold
either way between the two countries. -

Nei
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era and
i prices,
engage-

all de-
whilst
on most
iverpool
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trade,
oiness is
actively
irit has
her been
istantly
and the
.ng con-

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eelining
Abroad
where
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end up-
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phases ;
largely
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dispo-
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e to ex-
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which
of this
lova' of
stocks ;
during
market
asly de-
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of war
aounce-
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stocks
en this
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.em the
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