The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 10, 1860.

scholastic gateways of the Universities. There,
however, the rule of the road is. hardly so
clear and comprehensible a paradox as that regu-
lating the traffic upon our English thoroughfares)
according to the old familiar quatrain, which de-
clares—

" The rule of the road is a paradox quite
To those who are driving along,
If you turn to the left you are sure to go right,
If you turn to the right you go wrong."

It varies upon the academic highway with the local
variations of each arbitrary curriculum. But how-
ever the rules and regulations differ from each other,
here, among the stripling competitors, they all
carry them onward in the right direction
to the grand central point of divergence
for the tracks of the different professions—
legal and clerical, military and maritime, medi-
cal and surgical, civil and diplomatic, artistic
and literary, scientific and commercial. The
youth of the nation all have the preliminary con-
test together in the first emulative race of Educa-
tion. Even as striplings they are pitted against
each other as athletes, struggling for those various
prizes which are symbolical of the nobler meeds
awarded in after life, to those who have contended
the most manfully in the more arduous contests of
the professions. As medalists and prizemen, as
scholars and exhibitionists, they are preparing
themselves, the embryo barristers and physi-
cians, colonels and commanders, administra-
tors and ambassadors, for the more ambitious
' functions which are to land the rare " few "
amongst them on the woolsack or the Treasury
bench, in high authority at the Horse Guards or at
the Admiralty. Whatever may be thought or said
by certain cavillers against the new system of adult
examinations—not a whisper antagonistic to these
earlier intellectual contests can in reason be articu-
lated. They at least are no novelties. They at
least have prospered as part and parcel of the great
academic system of Europe, whether nowadays, in
the middle ages, or in remote antiquity. The
changes meditated, and some of them even recently
accomplished, in our universities are merely supple-
mentary. Modifications of the old, additions of the
new, are thereby alone designed. The main purpose
of the whole movement, we take it, is to wed the
old classic lore with the new-born physical sciences,
to bring not only together in contrast the sublime
truths of the Baconian philosophy and the noble
phantasies and imaginings of ARISTOTLE, but also to
harmonise in the mind of the student an apprecia-
tion of the matchless beauties of the great masters
of Greek and Roman literature, and of all the mys-
teries of nature brought to light but so very recently
by the wondrous researches of (let us say) our modern
chemists and mechanicians, geologists and astrono-
mers. Now more than ever, when the circle of the
sciences is expanding wider and wider, now more than
ever are these preliminary academic contests among
the alumni of our great seats of learning desirable
and commenda. lsle Now more than ever have vv(
reason to regard each recurring record of these
results with.a peculiar satisfaction. It is with this
very natural complacency that we have glanced
down the report, given elsewhere, of the
proceedings yesterday before the Senate and
Council of the University of London, in
Burlington House, Piccadilly. It will be there
seen how no less than 254 candidates have
been presented during the course of this year for
matriculation ! How among these 7 distinguished
themselves in mathematics and natural philosophy,
11
.in classics, 12 in chemistry, 4 in botany, and 2
in zoology ; 67 candidates passing the final exami-
nation for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and 30
passing the first examination for the degree of
Doctor of Medicine. The catalogue of the success.
ful competitors will carry gladness into many a
household, and will hearten for the battle of life
before them, each :and all of the young intellectual
athletes enumerated.

On hardly any point, perhaps, shall we find
greater unanimity and greater dissension, than on
Revision of the Liturgy. A large class of small-
minded men are, indeed, for ever talking of our
"incomparable Liturgy," and dwelling on its
" beauties," as a stout anti-revisionist says, " usque
ad nauseam ;" yet the same writer observes that
no clergyman thinks it perfect, or at least he never
met with one who did. Every minister, doubtless,
of the Church of England could suggest amend-
ments, whether minute or considerable—whether
affecting expression, arrangement, length, or
doctrine, rubrics, or devotional parts. All,
then, are agreed that there is room for
improvement—but there the agreement enda,.
Respecting what would be improvements
opinions are not only diverse but hostile to each
other. Some four hundred and fifty clergymen
managed to agree in their demands, but forthwith
ten thousand more, each of them individually be-
lieving that improvements might be made, loudly
protested against any alteration ; and their protest,
it seems, has been designated, what XES ONION'S
book should have been, the " Retreat of the Ten
Thousand."

How, of all purely human works, the Liturgy
should not require revision, a recollection of its
history would render most surprising. In EDWARD
the Sixth's time its compilers were but just rubbing
their eyes and awakening from the superstitions of
the middle ages; and later on, the age of JAMES E.,
and still more of CHARLES 11., could be little
favourable to a reasonably enlightened and consis-
tent Book of Common Prayer. The men who could
pass Five Mile Acts, and Conventicle Acts, and Test
and Corporation Acts—the men who could not only
pass them, but extensively and cruelly enforce their
cruel penalties—these were not exactly the men to
arrange a book of devotion for all the Christian
people of the realm, and to arrange one for
all time also. Indeed, it is notorious; and
Mr. ISAAC TAYLOR, in his pamphlet, has illustrated
and proved the:fact at length ;—it is notorious, that
the object of the revisers of CHARLES ll.'s time was
to drive out of the Church all ministers who held
the views of modern Evangelical clergymen. Nor,
notwithstanding the Gorham case decision, have
we the smallest hesitation in saying that no clergy-
man of Evangelical views can more consistently
use the liturgy of the Church of England than
could his theological ancestors who in 1662, to the
number of two thousand, quitted their benefices
rather than do so. The Prayer-book was put in
its present shape, and retained in it, expressly to
drive from the Chureh those who held what are
now termed Evangelical doctrines.

Consciences are, indeed, more supple and accom-
modating now. Me* do not renounce status, and
benefices, and their wonted circles, because expres-
sions they are required to accept " unfeignedly"
grate against their convictions ; still, even supple
consciences may be sore consciences, and this is the
reason why Revison will fail. To ease the uneasy
consciences of his party, Lord IiBURY desires a
doctrinal alteration of the Liturgy, but the conse-
quence is, that the party which made the Liturgy
a nest of hornets to the Puritans in 1662 is just new
very vigorous, or more noisy, perhaps, than via. -
rous, in the Church, and they rise in arms imme•

diately. The moderates, who occupy the larger

part of the ground between the extremes of the

Puritan and the Pu eyite clergy, are shocked at

the prospect of a fight; and they call out loudly

to both sides to let well alone. The Romanising
party, indeed, find the Liturgy so well adapted
to their taste, that they ask for no alteration
iri that, though right glad would they be could they
expunge from the book several of the thirty-nine
articles. The latter, however, are infrequently used
in public ; while the Liturgy is a constant
service. The PUseyites, therefore, have the
best of it. Their part of the Prayer-book
every one knows by heart, while how few of
us know much more than the fact that there are
forty articles save one, and that they are reputed to
be awfully Calvinistic. The Puseyite, therefore,
prefers to keep his advantage. In any revision he
would most likely sustain the loss of a little Popery,
and it may be that of some of his Saints and of the
Apocrypha, of Bel and the Dragon, Susanna and the
Elders, and so forth. Lord EBURY may rest as-
sured that the Superior of Cuddesden College and
HARRY of Exeter will never suffer this.

Meantime the hebdomadal grievance which so
many of us groan or rather doze under—mentally
at least—is forgotten by the clerical combatants.
The laity want a reasonable service. They are
ready to put the best construction, the construction
which suits them, on the disputed sentences—they
have not sense " to understand them in their plain
gramatical sense," and they pass them therefore
through the sieve of their common sense. But
what they do want is, a service which shall not
wear them out with endless repetitions,
metaphysical greeds, inappropriate psalms,
or lessons,—in fact with three services spliced, or
squeezed, certainly not amalgamated, into one.
This is the layman's grievance. We deny that the
clergyman is in a position to feel it. He is the
performer, or the chief speaker, and we all know
how tedious and insufferable a speaker may be-
come to auditors, while the worthy man can hardly
be made by coughing and noises with feet, and such
like intimations, to comprehend that everyone but
himself is tired. The decorum due to worship, of
course, forbids, otherwise, if we mistake not, had
a clergyman discretion in the matter, he would
soon be apprised that his hearers had worshipped
long enough. The Bishops and the clergy mis-
take the reverent patience of the worshippers, for
interest and devotion.

Revision of the Liturgy, in the sense of condensa-
tion, is altogether a layman's question ; but, un-
luckily, that is just the sense in which the clergy,
who think they know best about the matter, care
least about it. Unfortunately, amongst Churchmen
it is rare for laymen to act prominently in things
of this kind. They are accustomed to defer to
clergymen's opinions almost as they do to those of
a medical man. Dissenting laymen may interfere
frequently too much, but surely the other extreme
is quite possible. We imagine that if the clergy-
man were to open a confessional on the Monday
morning and to shrive us on the subject of our
attention, or of our following him with mental
vacancy, or of our wandering thoughts—he
would not be quite so confident that the ser-
vice is not really too long. And, if he prose-
cuted his inquiries as far as the sermon, he would
perhaps begin to think that he had better have
made the sermon the first thing rather than the
last, if he wished to secure for it the least attention
or recollection of it. The doctrines involved do
not properly fall under our notice, but to prevent
such a serious thing as the Christian worship con-
tinuing to be in great part a wearisome effort, is
the business of every man who attends public
worship. We hope, therefore, the question will
not rest till we obtain in some mode a curtailment
which shall tend to make all the whol service a
reality ; as it now stands, no man feels the least
•ulpable for a wearied, and therefore wandering,
attention.

We are glad to find, from the brief debate on the
Bleaching and Dyeing Works Bill yesterday, that
all sides of the house, with few exceptions, concur
in advocating the necessity of immediate legislation
on this subject. The evidence has been so full and
conclusive—the question has been so long before the
public—and the arguments on behalf of the bill have
been so unanswerable, that it is difficult to see on
what plea the active interference of the Legislature
should be postponed. Mr. BAZLEY expressed in-
dignation at the charges brought against the master
manufacturers, but as Lord ASHLEY, who has a
hereditary right to be heard on such a subject,
justly observed, it was the system, not the men
engaged in it, that they blamed. He had reason, he
said, to know that the great mass of the master
bleachers and dyers were anxious for the passing
of the bill, as they wished to diminish the hours of
labour, but of course found it difficult to do so while
others in the trade retained them. If they are truly
so benevolent and considerate towards their work-
people, as Mr. BAZLEY asserts, they need not fear
the passing of a measure which calls upon them to
do what, according to his aceount, they do already.
Lord JOIIN MANNERS, Mr. PACKE, Sir H. CAIRNS,
Sir J. FERGUSON, and others were unanimous in
their support of the bill. Mr. ROEBUCK, whose
eloquent appeal on behalf of the second reading con-
tributed greatly to its triumph, suggested that should
a committee be appointed, it should only be to consi-
der the question without the power of taking evi-
dence, in which case he thought the bill might be pro-
ceeded with in a few days. Mr. COBBETT said he
had been entrusted with petitions whose allegations
were so astounding that he deferred presenting
them till he had made personal inquiries which
fully corroborated all their assertions. Perhaps,
however, the most remarkable support given to the
bill was that of Sir JAMES GRAHAM, at one time the
uncompromising opponent of the Ten Hours Act.
Whether or no the bill be referred to a select com-
mittee, we confidently anticipate, from the general
feeling in favour of immediate legislation, that it
will be carried through this session, and that the
efforts of a few interested parties will not be suf-
fered to arrest the decisions of justice and hu-
manity. If the masters and managers really
desire to exact no more than the fair share of la-
bour, they have little to fear from legislative
interference, while if they are not so careful of the
health and lives of their workpeople, they are
surely not to be trusted with irresponsible power.

Her Majesty the Queen held a Privy Council
;his day at Buckingham Palace.

Her Majesty gave a concert last evening, at
which the following assisted, viz. :—Mdlle. Titjens, Mes-
dames Miolan and Csillag, Mdlle. Jenny 'Moyer, Signors
Giuglini, Gardoni, Zelger, Belletti, and Santley.
FRITH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.—The open-
ing of the new organ erected in this church t ok place on
Tuesday evening, under the direction of the Rev. Samuel
March, the newly-appointed minister, assisted by Mr. E.
Prout, B A., organist, aml several ladies and gentlemen
from London. Selections from the oratorios of the Messiah,
Creation, and Elijah, including the magnificent Hallelujah
chorus, being sung in a most admirable and efficient manner.
The entire performance _gave great satisfaction to a nume-
rous and highly respectable congregation.
MESSRS. BRIGHT AND THEIR WORKPEOPLE.—
" To the Carpet Weavers and the Public generally.—We,
the car, et weavers in thr., employ of Messrs. Bright and
Co., feel it our painful duty at a time when all other
branches of trade are receiving an advance of wages, to
appeal to the pubic for support, in consequence of our em-
ployers offering us a reduction of d. per yard, or 3s. 4d. in
the pound. Tu this we think we ought not to submit, as
we are receiving no more than other branches embarked in
the same line of business, and we cannot limit the extent of
the example by hereafter having to witness its effects. Wo
are not asking for an advance of wages, nor yet are we
demanding more than other firms are paying, and for less
than that we are not disposed to resume work. We may as
well say before we conclude that the considerationyou may
give to our cause may produce a spontaneous act. We
leave our case with the public, knowing the many can help
the few when the few cannot help the many.—Yours
respectfully, THE COMMITTEE. Rochdale, May 2."

LATEST _NEW b.

The following telegrams were received at Mr,

Reuter's office :
GENERAL GARIBALDI'S EXPEDITION TO

SICILY.

PARIS, MAY 9,

The Petrie of this evening publishes the follow•
ing fresh details respecting General Garibaldi's ex•

pedition :

" Independently of the vessel of Garibaldi, two
other steamers have left Genoa, having on board
1,400 men, consisting principally of the former
Chasseurs des Alpes, Romagnols, Lombards, and
several Genoese. A fourth vessel, it is said, left
Leghorn for the same destination as the others, and
three vessels have started from different points, all
of which would join the division at sea. All
these vessels, in order to mislead the Piedmontese
authorities, had taken their papers for Malta. The
expedition is reported to be organised on a very
grand scale, being provided with arms, ammuni-
tion, provisions, and materiel for a campaign ; in
fact, with all necessary resources for sustaining a
contest of several months. The carrying out of the
expedition requires an expenditure which will ex-
ceed several millions. The subscriptions collected
in England and Italy are not considerable enough
to cover the expenses."

The Patrie asks, " Who has completely furnished
the necessary supplies of money ?" and adds,
" General Garibaldi's expedition has greatly ex-
cited the attention of diplomatists."
The Opinions Nationale, in reference to Gari-
baldi's expedition, states that the general takes
with him twenty cannon.

MARSEILLES, MAY 9,

A letter from a special correspondent in Sicily,
dated the 3d inst., states that order had been mate-
rially re-established. The moral agitation con-
tinued. The arrival of two Piedmontese vessels
had created some sensation. Demonstrations were
attempted by some workmen, who were, however,
dispersed, and the leaders arrested. The insurgents
at Carini were 2,000 strong; after the taking of
this place they dispersed over the island, and on
the 29th ult. a band surprised the village of Pe-
trala, near Cefalie. The mayor was killed, and
several of the principal inhabitants were wounded.
The insurgents were repulsed by the landowners in
arms.

The town of Cimina was surprised by another
band on the 28th ult., which burnt several houses,
and released the prisoners. A troop of the royal
forces having then arrived the insurgents were
driven from the town.

A Russian frigate, which had been lying off
Palermo, has left that port.

MARSEILLES, MAY 9.

It is asserted that General Garibaldi embarked
between Genoa and Spezzia on the night from the
6th to the 7th, with 1,800 men and 24 cannon, in
two steamers. He is said to have exchanged for
gold 3,000,000 of francs, in notes, at the Bank of
Genoa.

MESSINA (VIA MARSEILLES), MAY 6,

Tranquillity prevails, but uneasiness is produced
by the want of information as to the state of things
at Palermo. The emigration continues. The greater
pari of the troops have left Messina. Detachments
have proceeded to Calabria, but nothing is known
of what takes place in that province It was
upon the request of the ambassadors that the
state of siege was nominally raised ; in reality, how-
ever, it still continues, as the possessor of any
weapon, even a dagger, is liable to be brought before
a court-martial.

A considerable number of insurgents have dis.
embarked at Trapani.

The political aspect in general is very serious
Foreign aid is expected. Everything appears tc
indicate that a fresh rising may be expected.

TURIN, MAY 9.
The journals publish a letter from General Gari-
baldi, in which he says :
"It is the duty of all to encourage, aid, and
augment the number of combatants against oppres-
sion. It is not the insurrectionary party in Sicily
whom we are assisting, but Sicily herself, where
there are enemies to contend with. It was not I
who advised an insurrection in Sicily; but from
the mome:t that our Sicilian brethern threw
themselves into the struggle I considered it my
duty to assist them. Our battle cry will be,
" Italy and Victor Emmanuel !"

PARIS, THURSDAY,

The Monite2tr announces that the Superior Coun-
cil of Commerce, which has been appointed to make
investigations relative to the execution of the
treaty of commerce with England, assembled on
Monday last, and will i❑ future regularly meet on
Monday, Thursday, and Friday in each week.

VIENNA, MAY 10.

The Sardinian Government is said to have been
induced by the representations of France to recog-
nise the right of the Pope to claim eventually the
assistance of the King of Naples to maintain order
in the Papal States.

It is, therefore, asserted that if, after the depar-
ture of the French troops, the Papal army were in-
creased by Neapolitan soldiers, Sardinia would
raise no objection provided the Papal army should
not attempt the conquest of the Legations.

GENEVA, MAY 10.
England only accepts the proposed Conference
on condition of being at liberty to make any sug-
gestions which may appear to her most favour-
able for efficaciously guaranteeing the neutrality
of Switzerland.

GENEVA, MAY 9.
The Federal Council has received a note from the
French Government respecting the maltreatment
and insults which had been offered to Frenchmen
in Switzerland, and requesting that steps should
be taken for the prevention of the same.

Official inquiries have proved these allegations
of France to be absolutely false.

Arrivals of Swiss troops have taken place here
to day, and will continue to-morrow.

ZURICH, MAY 9.
M Thouvenel, in a note addressed to the Federal
Council, complains that French subjects have been
maltreated in Switzerland.
The Federal Council has directed a rigorous in-
vestig Ilion to be instituted upon the subject.

MADRID, MAY 9.
Yesterday 300 rnen belonging to the disciplinary
companies rose at Alcala de Henares. The civic
guard re-established order, but not without
lamentable incidents.

Negotiations are taking place on the subject
of the late capture of the American vessels.

CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.
The Valetta, with the above mails, arrived at
Marseilles at five o'clock this morning. Mails left
for London at ten.

The Ceylon, with the heavy portion of the mails,

would leave Malta at eight a.m. on the Bth, and
may be consequently expected at Southampton on
the 17th inst.
The Simla arrived at Suez on the 3d.