The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-01 00:00:00

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fire, and you will be glad to hear that they behaved
well. I send you the report which their commander,
Colonel Peard (Garibaldi's Englishman), addressed
to the Dictator on the Bubject

him by the . mutineers, who mistook him for an
official carrying, despatches., His horse fell, pierced
by more than 20 bullets, and.the rider, stunned by
the fall, was also taken for dead. On recovering,'
however, froin the AOL, idts found to- hive
escaped without a' NVotitid. • '
'lt would appear that the outbreak, at Samarang
,was the result of a deep and.wide.spread•plau, for
intelligence has .laßen received that on the same day,
a deSperate attemt, was made to "set- fire to the.
magEzine, at Sonrabaya. The -Governer-General
has deelared 'all the fortresses and gfirkeuns-in:
state of si4,e. '!.

"Es Burro IsIERIDgNAI,E:—BRIGATA VOLUNTAAI
`BnriANsici.

F.an Angelo, Oct. 20.

"Ecclenza,—l lave flee honour to report that, after
taking'up thiPtisition assigned me, accerding to the orders
I-received, I placed one•coMpany in support of the battery
qn the Matte of 'the position, and sent 'forward the 10th
coinpa:ny to occupy' a farnihouse in the front, at the same.
time sending out two companies to • the right; and two to
support the aelvanced company front the ISt battalion.
-Hearin; a smart fire in front, i went in person to the farm
where the' 10th company were posted, awl, ordering Up
three companies from the 2d battalion, I advanced the 10th
and 7th in Sirraishing order. •
" The fire tontinittingboavy, and the'Bersaglieri on the
.hill 'appearing pressed, I °tiered the two extended to ad-
vance to their support, and at the same time advanced two
eompaniesto'oecuil. the line the 10th' and 7th had held.
"I went forward with the advancing companies, accom-
panied by the officers named in the margin.* The men
advanced' in admirable order, and opened fire with great
precision. At this time I had to deplore the loss of Mr,
Tucker, the: interpreter of the brigade, whorfelrin advance
of the line of skirmishers. The enemy being in great force,
I ordered- one of my adjutant's to return and bring up a re-
inforcement. Accordingly he brought up NoS. 4 and 5 to,
the front. •

There is not much probability of tho :mutiny
corniog. to',:n head in Batavia. A large pteor-
lion of thearpops, including all the Artil)cry, are
Dutch proper, and the .National Guard Li :.early
1,000 strong. A very strong lone also is to be
found in the Roads, where there arc some 2,000 or
3,000 sailors, who could be brought on shore and
armed on any emergency.
The mutineers probably expected. the natives to
revolt along with them ; but in this hope they have
been disappointed, and there seams at present to be
no cause for anxiety or uneasiness in that 'quarter.
Not that the supremacy of the Dutch is at all• po
pular with the people-of Java ; quite the reverse ;
hitt their present rulers trove adopted two very ef-
.feetual measures for keeping them in order. They
have taken the native chiefs into their pay, and
they have made it illegal for any nativelo possess
firearms. During the mutiny in British India the
utmost efforts were Made by the Mahomede.n prieSt-
linokle ii;ise a rebellion
,piroughout aba,.butT they
could not succeed. The disaffected among the
natives at large had not the means to create a re-
volt, and the native army was not, like that of Ben-
gal, organisedinto, entire native regiments, but was
so mixed up 'with the European as to be completely
overawed 14 the latter.' The consequences would
doubtless have been far More seriOus.if those efforts •
to create a revolt among the natives had occurred
simultaneously with the present mutiny., •
The question has often been asked, ‘.‘ Why were
not the foreign troops which our country enlisted
during the Crimean, war
,sent out to India ? To
this inquiry the present mutiny in the notch East
Indian army affOrds a very significant ansvter. Not
a few of the present Mutineers belonged to oar Ger-,
, .
man Legion.
Holland will now have to work.out on a smaller
scalelhat Indian-army problem which has caused
so much anxiety to our own statesmen. She
.will
find,it necessary to spend a littlemore of the. reve-
nue she draws from her fine Indian dependencies in
their defence; She will find that good-European
soldiers cannot he got to live in the tropics for a.
penny a-day, and that some provision also must be
made for the moral. and intellectual, culture of an
army which is to maintain the supremacy of
3,000,000. men over *11,000,900.

" The fire was excessiVely severe,but, united to the gal=.
lant Befsaglieri, we were enabled not only to resist, but to
drive back the enemy within their 'lines with great loss.
On the part of the brigade I have to lament two killed and
eight wounded, withoufmentioniu,g contusions.
"I cannot speak too highly of the conduct of my soldiers
and officers, mostly men who had neve!:Setu en enemy be-
fore, and who have, the greater pm tliy of enrolled only a
few wo,ks. They .'l.6kszt/loativatttecefittier.ti heavy fire in
the most gallant manner, but retired (when I considered it
necessary that they should do so) with the steadiness and
precision of veterans.
"Where all behaved so well it would be invidious to par-

ticularise, but I should be unjust if I neglected to bring to
your, notice thp gallant conduct of Capt; Styles, who, with
'his whole company, volunteered to attack the enemy in the
last position,* held with the bayonet, after having been
engaged the whole day. I regretted, that, for the good of
the service, this -offer could not be accepted.
" Let me'particularly bring to your notice the services
performed by Private Munday, of the Grestiadier Company..
Thesurgeon of, the brigade not being present, he, having
received a medical education, afforded the most important
professional services to ,the wounded.
"The following soldiers, also, are reported, to me as
worthy of commendation :—Walker, No. 1 Company; Wil
t
son, ditto ; Prosser, No. 4. ,
" I have the honour to be, deneral, yoUr most devoted
"JOHN W. I'EAD, Colonel Brigadier.
"His Excellency the Dictator."' ' •
" NOMINAL LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED.

" Killed—Ensign Barx Tucker; Private Lewis Mit-
°hell, No. 7.
" Wounded—Privates John Clark, No. 7, severely ; W.'
Ritchie, No. 7, severely; J. Prosser, severely ; Ma-
earthy,, No.ll, feared mortally ; Wilson, slightly ; Cor-
poral Bennet, No. 2, slightly. Private Mathew, No. 2,
severely ; Bate, No. 2, severely."
" DIVISIONAL ORDER, BRITISH VOLUNTEERS, OCT. 20.
" The Colonel Brigadier begs to express to the officers,
non-commissioned officers, and men of the brigade of Bri-
tish Volunteers the high sense he has of their noble conduct
under fire on the 19th. In the two last eampaig,na in which
he has had the honour to serve in Italy, he has never seen a
more severe fire of musketry, nor men who have stood under
_ _ _

it with greater steadiness than did the young soldiers of
the Brigade. Proud as he was to be appointed to the com-
mend of a brigade of, his countrymen, he feels now that he
has a right to exult in the young soldiers of Old. England,
under his command, not only advancing under a heavy fire,
but retiring in obodience to orders with the precision of old
campaigners. The. Colonel Brigadier has had pride.in re-
porting to. the General their admirable conduct, and he
trusts to receive from their noble chief such an answer as
shall make every man feel proud to serve not only in such
a noble cause as the struggle for freedom of a great people,
but under such a leader as Joseph Garibaldi."

OCT. 23.

There is this morning reason to believe that the
Neapolitans will abandon the Volturno line, and
withdraw towards the Garigliano. Cajazzo has been
evacuated by them, and on the river, with the ex-
ception of cavalry detachments, no troops are left.
There was besides a great backward movement ob-
served from Capua. *
Sonnaz, with his brigade, has arrived at Madda-
loni, where the Brigata Re, now at San Angelo, is
to join him. Medici, who is to relieve the brigade,
left Caserta this morning.

* Captain Hoskins, Brigade-Major • Captain Sarafield ;
Military Secretary; Captain Hare, Aide-de-Camp; Lieu-
tenant Gribben, Adjutant Ist Battalion ; Lieutenant Camp-
bell ; Lieutenant Knapman.
•

MUTINY IN 7HE BUTCH EA4'7l INDIAN
'4, ARMY.

BATAVIA, AUG. 23.

European supremacy in the East seems to be un-,
dergoing a series of severe trials. The last week
has shown that the Government of British India is
not the only Power in this part of the world which
has leant on a broken reed. That your readers may
rightly understand the nature of the mutiny which
is causing so much alarm to the European popula-
tion of this archipelago, I must first say a word
with reference to the constitution of the army by
which Holland has hitherto retained its suprem act.
The Dutch Government does not permit the same
freedom of inquiry and criticism as is allowed in
British colonies, hence it is not easy to form a cor-
rect estimate of the military force in these islands.
It consists nominallyV about 20,000 men, of whom
probably less than one-third are Europeans. It may
be doubted whether Europe ever before sent into
the East an army so thoroughly demoralis ed. The
Dutchmen belonging to these forces are well enough
but they do not form more than one•fourth even of
the European troops, the remainder being drawn
from the dregs of every army in Europe. These
mercenaries have frequently shown symptoms of
disaffection, which, however, caused no anxiety to
Government, as it was evident that no attempt at a
mutiny could be successful if unaccompanied by an
insurrection on the part of the natives.
_ _

As the geography of the Dutch East Indies is not ;
very well known to English readers, I may state
that the three principal towns in Java are Batavia,
Samaraug, and Sourabaya, all lying on the north
coast of the island, and strongly garrisoned. The
mutiny has hitherto been confined to Samarang and
Sourabaya. At the former place it was discovered
by a Dutch sergeant, who ascertained on the even-
ing of the 16th inst. that a simultaneous rising of
all the mercenaries was to take place next morning.
He communicated the intelligence to his command-
ing officer, who immediately ordered that the native
troops should with all secrecy get under arms. It
so happens that these occupy the ground floor of the
barracks, the European troops being located above
them. The former were posted at the door, and or-
dered to fire on every European who attempted to
come downstairs. The mutineers quickly took the
alarm, and as they could not escape by the door com-
menced firing from the window. As however it was
already dark, they fired mostly at random, and
their ammunition was soon nearly exhausted. By
this time the National Guard had mustered consisting
of the whole European population capable of bear-
ing arms, and the barracks were surrounded. The
greater part of the mutineers now cried for quarter,
which was granted to them, on condition that not
more than three should descend at once, and that
each bring with him two muskets. The condition
was accepted, and thus, while one-half of the muti-
neers were safely handed over to the authorities, the
other half were left witllout arms. Speedy justice
has been executed on the ringleaders, upwards of
30 having been hanged. What Government will
do with the rest remains yet to be seen. The most
serious danger which has threatened this colony
for the last half century has thus far been averted
almost without bloodshed, and no small credit is
due to the Dutch officers who have brought the
affair to so speedy a termination.
A singular adventure happened to a gentleman
of Samarang, who was riding home from his club
on the evening of the outbreak. His horse. started
at the firing, and bore him at full gallop along the
narrow street which is overlooked by the windows
of the barracks. Every musket was levelled at

pita], but shut up ,i-n: his cell, deprived of air. One day the
physician visits hie a ; the next day the Surgeon ; sometimes
neither (*the two,. Thus patients have been loft for nine
One_ flay,
day,s, y
the doctors. in the last stag 'e of illness, after they have been given.
nu b
-when some complaints were
made im
nc,,cio,,mt of tle
c0n4.2 I,bad soup in the hospital, the peifstiii
Who: Made th %
,rots was taken(- Aivo: keepers and
\
ftiroibly thrust along into
by dint of brews and • kieks It:as
the darkest' duniennici and there maay d'JY4
Order of ihe,govornot.- - •
The governor, Sigic.oriVnsmondo, has the' sitlpierao ant,.
inand over exere,ises authorit;y, tyrannically.
Indexible, and deafttoXhd faY,3P,)aitlt's of huMaytity,
heetixPedtes an, audience to be ,ap,li.cd of !lin/ ." if he were 'a
:severiign, ,Ilre does alwaysgrnnt it, and even wlienthe
audienee igran't.:te,l' the requed is geterallxreft:2sed,,,lYhen,
tsome prisener at th e point of cleatti refuses to reef a eon_
•ifteisor he is retugy solitary eel', and th6cd, after
Paving heaped on htineit thoniaiid 'outrage's, orders art'
to one of the loves., 4:ti-ißceysTokill him by sutfoetation.
confe.si ion Of 44:4eY. 31.i.1117.1
The fact is known ft
self, who on one oceli.sien refused to be a party to this b' 7-
- barity. The corpse it 3 interred
.in the interior of the: I.Orei
and the governor is an'--sent at the funeral. Sometimes ho 4
gives a kick et the heriti of the corpse, and commits similar
outrages. Before then ominetion of the present governor
there was a Captain Savh mild and humane man, and
the prisoners at that Perim, t,wore allowed to take the air
during the whole 'day, and: , obtained what was needful for
their wants; and those: who .had no means of their own
.were allowed to work ,infirder ti o procure a little money.'
" So far the aceoitit 'Which has been transmitted to
We desire, he:4(3l;er, to e.cisol)lfte• it by PeFr facts
which another princelier of Paliam... has made public, in
order that all the severity of a blind tin d revolting PeXS".
tion may be denounced before the tribuni of public opinion
—•before that tribr !MI" whlchl.was
nate tirneff, to 'destroy Spiejy.erg7 Le,t, us' 917" tr-various
4rages , • •- Indt,,Tl/,)ie.•
" Therrelfsls 'stifilalfai-A5ii414101060?'
or place set apart.for the interviews of. the prisont.:Ts with
their friends; consisting of three rooms, pneadjoiniftc^: the
ether, and arranged in the following way':-the first room
looks through a window, with a thick iron grating, into th.l
second or nAddle-rPore,- to which also the third room eor-.
responds by, means of :another . window, also protected by
an irowgrating just like that of the room oppoSite.: These
holes serve for the transmission of the voices of those who,
'from the first room, speakacroas to the persons in the third.
Into the third room .(whihi.t the middle one elwaysreMains
empty)-thereis conducted the prisoner, having at his side
the head gaoler and the eierli Of the for /-ess ; 'lute the ,first
room there are admitted those Avho have obtained permis-
sion to see their friends. in the company of the governor ;
and all these listeners hear every word; and interrupt eveiy-,
word when not agreeable to them. The gratings and theiq
distance between the two windows; completely, prevent the
speakers from seeing -and even from hearing one another,
unless they raise their voices very high. ' Besides, the time
allowed for the Conversation is extremely short. On its ex-.
'piry the Prisoner is taken back to :his cell, and the visitors
are dismissed. Is it possible to imagine a more painful
trial? But such is the refinement :of clerical vengeance.
'saving premised. these-necessary explanations, I now pass
to special facts •
" t Whilst L was an inmate of this den of horrors, a Wife
with her little boy, obtained permission to see her husband.
It was tin years since the Papal Government had torn her
husband' from her embrace ; the boy had never known his
father, for .he was born after the arrest. Neither the
prayers of the afflicted wife, nor the tears of the: tender
child; nor the sebbingS and despair of the imhappy father,
' could indficathe governor to allow them but one.embrace
—td let them mingle their tears together. Stith's:l.-a-the
consolations which the mercy of the 'Papal Sovereign and
of his Ministers grant to a bereaved spouse, to an innocent
son; to a despairing: father and husband. Surely such:
favours should rather be regarde4 in the light of a new and
of a more duel inar4lidorn Ito"'forinent: the spirits of the,
viethnWithmolated, and to more cruel hatred.„ It would be
impossible to describe the rigours and the tortures, always
new and increasing, which have been invented to augment
'the sufferings of the prisoners after the last fatal attempt at
flight. The -following faot will show of what the Papal
Government. is capabla when it wishes to torture by 'say
of precaution.
" ' In order to prevent the political prisoners from_helding
the slightest conimunication with the miter world, recourse
was even had to the vary strange and absurd expedient of
forbidding the physician (although an individual com-
pletely subservient to the Government) from personally
visiting the sick in the prison. Ho was to treat them on
the report :of a creature who but a short time before had
been in the galleys, and was transferred thence to perform
the offide of an hospital attendant. This liberated galley-
slave felt the pulse, made his diagnosis, drew his conclu-
sions, and the physician meanwhile waited in the room of
the governor for the report of the attendant, and, according
to the character of that report, prescribed remedies to
patients Whoin he had never seen. Representation on re-
presentation was necessary before the Papal Government
could be induced to abandon this singular mode of proceed-'
ing; and it was only after some time that the physician
obtained permission to approach the bed of his patients;
but even then only in the company of the turnkeys, who
were placed as spice over his movements, his words, and
the 'very* expression of pity which his countenance might
betray. Nothing more thoroughly demonstrates the utter
barbarity and immorality of the Court of Rome, which is
unable to treat its political prisoners with a less degree of
inhumanity even wheirthey ere stricken down by sickness,
or stretched, on a death-bed.
" One of the patients, a certain M—, of Bologna, begged
to see the governor, to ireplore in, the name of. his com-
panions, the permission to have the period for exercise ex-
tended for half an hour. The, only reply he received was
an order from Trastiondo that ho should be put in chains
weighing 80 pounds, and thrown into the tower. • The tower,
situated in the centre of the citadel, is the most horrible of
prisons—damp, isolated, with an opening at the roof, leav-
ing the prisoner exposed to all the inelemeneyof the weather.
It is the worst den in this abode of grief and of despair. Into:
this the patient was thrown, weighed down by the terrible
burden of his fetters. Be it summer or winter the inmate
of the tower has no bed save the bare ground—no covering
save his own apparel—no food save bread and water. Many
through that punishment alone have been stricken with
disease, and if you once lose your health in that dungeon it
is your death-warrant. When I left the fort to be conveyed
as an exile across the frontier a poor prisoner had just died
in consequence of illness caused by the repetition of this
punishment, from which more than one prisoner-has died
whom the Government perhaps wished to get out of the way.
" A certain of Ascoli, on returning from the
chapel to his own, cell, happened, when he: reached the
court-yard of the fortress, to turn back and salute a con-
demned prisOner belonging to another section, who was
looking' through the 'grating. For that offence the head
gaoler, after beating him, had the usual chains put on, and
then sent him to the tower. It was in March, on an Easter
Sunday. After three days of suffering, he was found
stretched out, almost frozen, on the ground. Then he was
removed to the hospital, and thanks to a strong constitution,
after some time ho recovered. How many most virtuous
men have suffered similar torments when they had once
become a prey to the vengeance of the priests.
" ' Many amongst the political prisoners, in consequence
of the treatment they have received, from the moral
and physical tortures endured, have become insane. They
howl in their prisons; sometimes mingling with the other
victims, at other times alone, but without any er-
ence of treatment. And yet even the least civilised
Governments employ special cares and special relief for the
insane; but priestly hatred has no bounds ; and collidP
follow its victims even beyond the tomb, it would gladlya°
so, though at the risk of outraging the Deity himself.
" One of those wretched maniacs committed one day an
insane act. The head gaoler beat him so lolly awho
havp-
eae
him almost lifeless on the gro
utairnajir°ll t a the outrage,
Pend to be in the same ee—n, Thereupon
called out that they were murdering
the gaoler departed, but iramediattYereturned with a band
youth, removed him
of turnkeys, who at once fell pen
sticks and ropes, merei-
to another prison, and there,tlether poor fellow, whose Intel-
lessly belaboured him.
andaring, A. having made
lect was temporarily
„hnn !his food, was dragged out of his bed
some eemPlaiu,it,Tastoci back to his old cell—the
and kicked and withouth the visit of the physician;re andleft
Thanks to his;butstrong
now,
owing
to
without attendance,
constitution,.
illness
thlwieetrehlee!):::thereed°:frteh:tenidmhieggri. smonelamt.alent, of the sufferings endured,
and to the treatment to which he has been subjected, his
health
hag suffered to such an extent, that his friendahnTe
no hope '
of ever seeing him again on this side the grave
„ A„re had occasion to observe in the commencement,
I the prisoners were transported to the prison of San Michele
m
in Roe.We employ happened thus.
loy the words of one
of the inmates of San Michele, whose imprisonment has been
changed into exile, and who is now in Florence. He is a
most respectable young man, and has allowed us to give his
name—Signor Tommaso Saracini, of Rome. Ile says that
on one of the evenings of last December, after the pri • so-
ners of San. Miehele had been shut up in their cells, Mon-
signor Pila came to, inspect the whole place.; next morningorders were given for-. the immediate clearing out of that
part occupied by. the younger prisoners condemned for
common offences, and called the house of correction. Some
reports united with'these arrangements led us to believe
that something extraordinary was to happen; andinfact one
evening, about ten o'clock, we heard the arrival of thelarge
prison vans, then the gates were opened, ankl there entered
40 prisoners, just arrived from Pollan°. If you could only
have seen them. They scarcely preserved the trace of man.
They were all clothed in the dress of common galley-slaves.
Men most respectable by their social position, beheld 110 e ;

Camfkigna, Lys
the SOpt.ember Sin, and this in ordei 115 etr.ter Route during
the night; they were unable to eat, becaue. they. could not ..
take the hvideutis•off3 they were pcvk.mted from relieving
rDie Ntaxas of nature, and several suffered very much in con-
L'oe.flutnte.: ,The Govetnrnent Sent a strong foreO.to prece.do
,thelLion the road trow PalianO. to. 'Rome,. At:F4*,(trita a
cavn and' of -gwi4etlrove.av;ay the citizens N.101,411,ed to •
thena'as they 'were' passing throw-h.; • After': this
grl were othgr,llnix, e..o;ivals on the. following eVeinings, •
the differenee,•that• the others kartne by ti different
ft

with;

•

•

iCOXPETITIPTE EXAMEV: etTIO
The opposition to the system of competitive
0
xatnieeaiene has been supported by o.ae,remarke s,
able, argaraant. it is certainly not 'a novel argil.
ment,.at!cl as certainly not a sound one, but it is .'eo
urged with groat energy, -and regarded, app.- ren t:v
with much complaceno
singular cco3n-fi
bdyee,eitte authOrs. at.;
asked, with i
Tentage literary attainments grea9'nf tcoolialeferwub;ot:d;
clerk in a public office, or a servant in any public
department. Take, for instance, the Colonial, the
Inland Revenue, or the Post-office department eh-
serve the duties actually devolving upon the Clerks
eniployed in those services, and then say what use
can be found in Latin, Greek, mathematics; gee.
eraphy, history, or natural science. The arguinen L
-has been pushed even further; and it hai4 been declared
that in Government situations, requiriew for the; -
racist Part only' bodily. work it is absurd to insist
ou the rudimentary qualifications. of ciphering
and spelling. .Ne faint in the whele discussion has
been worked with a better will than this, wed, ;in.
order to place the assumed absurdity in the stecnagest
light, we have been treated with specimens of the
very questions put to candidates for ,
pectant Faaciee officers. eed Custonatiouse clerks.
have been asked, we arc told, to viiiseet qiieStions
in European and Asiatic geography, and an in-
stance has,been quoted as more than usually ludi-
crous, in which a candidate for place in the "
land Revenue" Department was catechised aboittair
the trade winds and the Gulf Stream. After •
we have been thus 'entertained, and invited—.
ast, smile' at such ridiculous proceedings, svo
are' asked, in e strain of grave expostulation,
whe.ther we can really expect to get good. servants
for offinee by examining them in matters
which se are no imaginable connexion with the duties
before them). We are testing, it is said, the fitness
of a man' for one sphere of office by ascertaining ,
hia eptitudt's for another. We are weighing with
the WrOeg-46:ights, and measuring with theWreng.
anCasures. -Wio want the best clerks, whereas .all
ire do is to 'chom e the best scholars.
a
Now, on this
"I'
pretty argument there is a word ao
!
;be said of considera,Ne importance. If the reason-
ing it good for anythiaigi it is good for a great deaL
more than is here assuiteed. We are not concerned
to estimate the relative values of arithmetic,
geography, orthography, history, mathematics,
or other branches of knowledge,' buf it must never
be forgotten that these things, whether useful or
otherwise, are simply the ingredients of the cora-
pouyad termed "education," and that they cannot be
disparaged without the disparagement of education.
itself... If they are good for nothing, education is
,good for nothing, and all our labour in this matter
is labour lost. To say that a man has no need of such
acquirement is merely to say that he has no need of•
being educated, for education mearte teaching people
to write, to spell, to understand aka configuration.,
ages, and to .
of the globe and the events of past
get an insight, more or less completely, into
put in so
those very branches of knowledge now
ludicrous a. light. If it is really true ti.
eve
these
studies, or, in other words, education, can Nave no
beating whatever upon the duties of practice) life,
it is clear that weare lying under a prodigious' .tnifq
kake, and squondering vast funds and pains in
undertaking of utter inutility. We have been ,a2l
under the impression that in educating the youth.
of the country—that is to say, in teaching lads
geography, arithmetic, and the like--we were ren-
dering them better qualified for the general duties'
of citizens, and fitter candidates for their respective
callings., that of the Civil Service included. If,
however,education produces no such resultst and
the best educated man is no better than another,
we should like to hear what the results are which
are expected to repay us for our sacrifices and
trouble.
As regards this question, the Civil Service of the
State differs in no respect from any of the ordinary
occupatiens of life. It is perfectly true, no doubt,
that a collector or supervisor may livo out all his
days in office, and never once be called upon to make
a direct application of his geographical or historical
knowledge; but the remark will apply vrith ore-
eisely 'the same force to a tailor, a grocer,..-sh_on-
maker, a lawyer, a -physician, or indeed. anybody",
except an Author or a schoolmaster. The latudies•
so ridiculed 11.1 the argument we are considering are
precisely of the same use to a civil servant of the
State as to a man engaged in any ordinary pursuit-
If they artairrelevoat in one case, they are irrele-
vant in the other ; taut is to say, they are irrelevant
altogether and we may at once conclude that edu-
cation, which is composed of these things just as the
alphabet is composed of letters, may be given up
for good and all as a pure delusion and folly. The
veryietree contrasts which are drawn between duties
and qualifications in the case of Post-office derive
may be drawn, with equal smartness in all cases
where. competitive examinations are employed.
Even in the Woolwielaand Sandhurst .examinations
—the most special of alle-ethere are hundreds of
questions which might be shown to be utterly un-
connected with any probable duty of military life.
If we are wrong in the matter of the Civil service,
woare wrong everywhere, and,. instead of subsi-
dising educational establishments from the funds; of
the State, and pushing the work of public instruc-
tion by all possible means, we ought to decide ett
once that no one should be taught or expected tea
know anything beyond the actual sphere of his im-
mediate and daily calling. This would tend won-.
derfully to simplify a great national problem, but
we doubt if the theory is likely to find genera
acceptance.
The truth is, that in this system of coniPetitt'svee
examinations we are but acting in accore =poised
the principles of education and duty 0.
in modern times. We found and supporp Paastl_c'faa-1
Schools in order to rear better citiseasesfoyo "
Desuera.erd-
tional benefit. We prescribe the stutir
sued in these schools, according taoge. e teach
bearing upon the actual duties
arithmetic, history, geograPhYt
of various sciences, aunply because
snob. acquire-
send the rudiments,
valuem
a better
man'sh
a citizen of the State, a
meats are believed connelducete troenader
'enwhthaitreeYfeorsrchoolmaster first went
t mayhe diffusionbehis partof particular
we are in the right way.
man for his work
occupation. Wb
abroad it was exPreo e
knowledge. We hope
We hope that the thingstaught our schwa
they are learnt
with such infinite pains are really useful things,
that in proportion as
and
they really do make the learner fitter for the
vaunts callings of life. If this the ease,
then it follows at once that the competitive
must be sound, for in adopting it we are merely
carrying out our own principles,
Me are Selecting
the most approved scholars from schools of our own
design. We are rewarding
excellence in the very
studies which we have
previouslyprescribed as most
serviceable. We have been trying to train up good
citizens, and we select for the service of the public
those who have gi • ven the best promise on this very
ground. 'We have
spared no effort to encourageeducation,
education, as the best possible thing for the State,
and we choose for the immediate service of the Si`ate
those whose education appears the most complete.
Of course, there is another side of the questioV.
We may be wrong instead of right. All these
studies and sciences of which education is com-
pounded may be utterly without use in fitting a
man for any practical dales and. may, indeed, as
is now intimated, actually detract from his, value,
by inspiring him with a feeling q. independence.
All this may perhaps be true. We cannot say We
think so, but we are willing, for argument'sroaket
to note the possibility. What me wish to 04.*
that in this case our :whole theory of „Natio
8n
tumbles down' together. The entire atructea
laboriously raised comes down with a rul'•
II
iths
knowledge we have inculcated witii.filiwk at- office,
rather worse than useless in a GesonT'ho
it is equally undesirable in 64- Ongl36llldonT
and in every household throughout t

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