The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-26 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

A D E ELPHI, NW MEATRE-ROYAL
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webater.
ile-appea-ante of
.11n.. and Mrs. A. Wilg•an—Third week of

the popnlne American Actress, Miss Julia Daly.

vENIM4 (eieventli time), ITS AN ILL WIND
THAT TH.ows NOBODY GOOD. Messrs. Alfred wixan,
J. L, Toole, Stuart, ton, C. J. Smith, Ward, Mrs. A.
Wigam, and Miss 11. Simms..
After whkh, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN.
Messrs. Stuart, C. Selby, Billington, Eburne, Miss Julia
Davy, K. Kelly, Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley,
_ _

To conclude with GRDISHAW, BAOSHAW, AND
BRADSHAW.

Box-office open from 10 till 5.
Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, Ll.
Orchestra Malls, ss. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle stalls, Ss. ;
Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d,

Acting Manager—hir. Wm. &nit b.

FRENCH PLAYS-ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
Director, M. TALEX Y.

3ldlle. DUVERGER.-- M. BRINDEAU.
Lundi et Mardi, 28 et 29 Mai, pour I'Ouverture, PAR.
DROIT DE CONQUETE: M. Brindeau jouera George
Bernard.

Premiere representation de LES ETOILES DE PARIS
(Prologue et Ouverture compose specialement pour le Theatre
St. James, par MM. Charles Poter et lambert Dennery) :
1' A dministi ateur, M. Roland ; St. Thar, M. Briet ; le Genie,
Mdlle. Marie B:: sta.

Orfire : 1. LES ETOILES DE PARTS-2. LE CHEVEU
BLANC-3. PAR DROIT DE CONQUETE.
Chef d'Orchestre, 31. Cadaux ; Directeur de la Scene, 31.
Lambert Dennery.
Prices of Admission—Orchestra Stalls, 7s. 6d. ; Balcony
Stalls, ss. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, ls.
Les bureaux ouvriront it 7} heures : on commencera a 8
heures.

-ISTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor, Mr. WM. BATTY.

Thirty-seventh Night of the GREAT MILITARY SPEC-
TACLE. In compliance with numerous inquiries at the Box
Office, the Management has arranged to give Four Grand
Mid-day Performances during the Whitsun Holidays, viz.—
on Whit-Monday, May 28th, Tuesday, 29th, Thursday, 31st,
and Saturday, June 2d. The Entertainments will consist of
a Recherche Display of Equestrian Performances and a
Light pleasing Dramatic Piece; ccmmencing each clay at
Two o'clock.

T IS EVEN" Ni.:,
The Grand Hippo Drama, " Tim HisTortr OF A FLAG."
Wondrous Scenes in the Cirque, supported by the most
talented Equestrian and Gymnastic Artistes in the World.
Concluding with a Laughable Farce.

magnificent Chan 'eliers manufactured by Messrs. De.
tries and Sons, Houndsditch.
Dow s open at half -past 6, performance commence at 7.
Box oflice open daily from 11 till 4.
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST.

CA NTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.—
THIS EVENING.
C. H. GOUNOD'S OPERA,
FAUST.
First Time in this C_'ountry.
Faust Mr. Henry Herbert.
Mephistopheles Mr. C. Bernard.
Siobel Mrs. Anderson.
Marguerite
Conductor Mr. Jonghmans.
And selections from
Dinorah, Trovatore, Macbeth, and numerous othcr
Entertainments.
Balcony, ls , hull, 6cl.
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
d'an and Mimic), and W. T. Critchileld.
The AFRICAN OPERA TROUPE, their first appearance
since 1P52, consisting of ELEVEN 'STAR PE REO rtMERS,
win) will give the whole of their inimitable entertainment
every evening..
The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening.

THE WEATHER.---SUN OFFICE, MAY 26, 1560.

THERMOMETER, TN THE SHADE.
61—highest since noon yesterday.
51 —lowest this morning and during the night.
63 —this day at noon.
BAROMETER-29.43 ; falling- fast.

WlND—South-Westerly; fresh, with rainy weather and
bits of sunshine. It began to rain yesterday afternoon, and
has continued occasionally in showers for the night.

lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, sh. 27m.—Afternoon, sh. 53m.
TJ-moitßow.-Morning, 613.. 22m.—Afternoon, 6h. 5502.

f cippA
it') ;iv,
‘l,© 4 k, -VI 'A;
,41)4
•
~ •

THE SUN.

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 26, 1860.

--s-
--------.

Whether we are to have more readily French
paper, or French rags, or both, or neither—these
are among the most urgent matters just now for
our consideration. They are questions mooted
anxiously, both within and without the walls of
the House of Commons. They are probabilities or
possibilities affecting, almost equally, though in a
totally dissimilar manner, the home producer and
the home consumer of the manufactured article—
rags being the raw material of the paper maker or
paper manufacturer, and paper being rags trans-
formed into the same, after passing through the
magical process of the mill or manufactory.

It stands to reason, as we have shown before
now, over and over again in these columns, that if
there is no longer to be a differential duty main-
tained upon the importation of French paper, there
ought certainly to be no restriction put, any longer
upon the exportation for England of French rags.
The principles of Free Trade demand that the pro-
posed removal of the supplementary ld. per lb. im-
port duty on French paper when transmitted to this
country, should, as a matter of course, as a matter of
the simplest right and of the commonest justice,
occur simultaneously with the removal of the re-
strictions hitherto maintained upon the exportation
from France of the chief raw material of paper,
there or elsewhere, namely, rags—the rags of the
36,000,000 of the French population. Instead,
however, of recognizing this obvious right—we
know what is really the dirty little bit of sharp
practice, in this matter, upon which the chivalrous
Imperial Government of France has recently ad-
venturee. ! In answer to the representations that
were at once made to that Government directly
this glaring anomaly in the Commercial Treaty
had been recognised—we were led by the councils
of our august ally to believe that the monstrous
anomaly, that was thus reasonably complained of,
was forthwith to' he swept away, and utterly
dissipated. And in this pleasant illusion the
House of Commons at once frankly consented to
the proposed remission of the old differential duty
on French paper—relying implicitly upon the
honest reciprocation of this manly confidence by
the Imperial French Government. How this
confidence was disgracefully shown to have been
totally misplaced the reader will yet have in vivid
recollection. When the Commons of England had
finally settled the question as to its entertaining
the notion of this remission of the ld. per lb.
import duty upon French paper brought over into
England, it was explained that the export duty
upon French rags was only.to be diminished, and
not by any means to be removed. This, in plain
English, was the dirty little bit of sharp practice
decided upon in the midst of these illusory commer-
cial negociations between France and England—
decided upon and acted upon with brazen effrontery
by the chivalrous Government of France. It was
enough of itself, we maintain, to invalidate the
whole of this vaunted treaty. It was a complete
justification in itself of everything we onr,elves
remarked in depreciation of this Free-trade Bubble
at the period when it was first blOwn out of the
great soap-dish of the Budget, and went soaring
away, party•coloured, and glittering high into the

political empyrean. Dame COBDEN'S pupil had
after all, it seemed, but very indifferently learnt
his lesson—might yet have to be crowned with the
pyramidal paper-crown of disgrace. The recipro-
city of this boasted Treaty, in point of fact, we
had all along scouted in the columns of The Sun,
from the very first moment that the Treaty had
been done, or rather that England had been done
in the Treaty—we had all along dencunced this
much-talked-of reciprocity as " a mockery, a de-
lusion, and a snare" on the part of the French
EMPEROR, as, in truth, no reciprocity at all,
unless it might be the reciprocity proposed
by Box to Cox (when offering to toss up)—
Heads I win, tails you lose ! France was to
come into possession of the fruits of the treaty at
once, while England was to rest satisfied merely
with something very like what the lawyers call a
contingent remainder ! It was so, we maintained,
throughout the whole mass of the provisions of the
treaty. And here—coming to details—was at once
proof positive of the onesidedness of this wonder-
ful system of French reciprocity—we were to
accept French paper and to be denied French rags!
The differential duty imposed by us upon the im-
portation of French paper into England was to be
.abolished altogether. The restrictive impost levied
by the Imperial Government upon the exportation of
French rags was to be simply lowered, but not by
any means removed. All this was just in so many
words not less than the veriest dodgery done upon
the sly by the French EMPEROR and his Govern-
ment.

Notwithstanding the glaring injustice of the
whole of these most discreditable proceedings, the
more specious organs of France have of course their
"case" to make out in the way of justification, or
at any rate of extenuation. The ,Siecle in this
manner not long since elaborated an ingenious, but
not by any means can we say an ingenuous article,
justifying, or attempting to justify, the course pur-
sued in the vexata queestio of rags and paper. The
article began with a little rhodomontade and
affected smartness. " Rags !" said the Siecle,

" they are vile things ; are they not ? You dis-

dainfully throw them away as rubbish. The rag-
picker himself will only touch them with his hook
to throw them into his basket. And yet these
things so vile, these miserable rags, by means of
human labour undergo a transformation, and
become one of the glories of France—the vehicle
of thought, the confidant of our affections. Yes-
terday, they were less than nothing ; to-day,
transformed by the hand of industry, they attain
the highest honours. The book which instructs or

amuses us wam once rags ! The journal, now

one of the daily necessaries of life, rags also !
The deeds which represent or guarantee your pro-
perty, rags again ! The bank-bill, rags ! the letter
you cover with kisses or bedew with tears, rags !"
Having indulged itself with which philosophic specu-
lations, the siecle went on to observe that, whereas
the paper produced from rags in England amounted,
some eighty years ago, to a total that might be
represented as of the value of 3,000,000 francs—
the estimated value of the paper now produced in
England might, on the contrary, be stated empha-
tically as amounting to 150,000,000 francs ! llav-

ng premised which, the Siecle avows, in regard to

the recently negotiated commercial treaty between
France and England—" An article of that treaty
suppresses the prohibitions on importation. Our
neighbours have strenuously urged that the prohi-
bition on exports should also be removed ; and, in
that, they had French rags in view. The expor-
tation of that article has always been forbidden.
France produces about 100 millions of kilogrammes
each year, but, great as that quantity appears, it
is not sufficient to supply her manufactories. If

the English paper-makers should be allowed to buy
rags in the French Market, it would be a deathblow

o the paper manufacture in France. This asser

tion is demonstrated with remarkable lucidity by
the pro,,rietors of our principal paper-mills in the
letter which they have addressed to the Minister of
Commerce." And with a view to the clinthing of
this very singular argument, the Siecle then adds

—" By labour we can increase the production of
all raw materials ; we can have more silk, wool,
cotton, flax, but, coals, &e. Rags escape that
general law, and are an exception ; they are re-
fuse, worthless rubbish, which becomes once more
raw material. How can their production be in-
creased ? Were the paper-makers to offer 30,
40, even GO per cent. more for rags than they now
pay, it would not induce any of us to let them have
our linen before it is worn out. Everybody pro-
duces this raw material involuntarily, and has an
interest in producing as little as possible. The
production of rags is therefore necessarily limited."
All which is really and truly just saying frankly in
other words, in words somewhat more roundabout
and circumlocutory what might be frankly
avowed in plainer terms thus—" We the French
people purpose through these shabby little dodges
of our Government to do in the most effectual man-
ner possible you our beloved and amiable allies—we
intend to do you, at least., as far as we can in the
matter of these dirty rags of ours whether manu-
factured or un-uanufactured. Because our linen
rags are far more abundant than yours, precisely
because we' have here in France 66 per cent. of
linen to 34 per cent, of cotton, out of the apparel of
our 36,000,000 in France, whereas ' you' have 34
per cent. merely of linen against 66 per cent. of
cotton out of the apparel of your 26,000,000 in
England! We will for that very reason in the name
of Free Trade, through the machinery of Protection
preserve yet intact to ourselves the monopoly of
these joint advantages. You shall have as much as
ever you please of our abundant rags when we have
manufactured those rags into paper—but you shall
have none whatever of those rags as rags (unless
you pay dearly for the privilege) to the end that
you forsooth to our detriment may benefit your own
paper manufacturers !" Arguments like these are
as plainly " dodges " practised at our expense as.
ever were Lord JOHN'S famous abstract Resolu-

tions.

It is about three weeks since GARIBALDI and his
band left the coast of Italy. Nearly a week they
spent at sea, probably manceuvering to avoid both
the friendly-hostile Sardinian ships of war, and
the timidly hostile steamers and frigates of his
Neapolitan MAJESTY ; but on the 11th, as we have
now complete evidence, they landed in first rate
style at the small town and port of Marsala. Our
witness, happily on this occasion, was the very
best; the commander of a British ship in
her Majesty's service, who arrived just
in time to witness a sight which assuredly
thrilled the heart of Commander MARRYAT
himself, and of every British tar on board—the
landing of the great sailor and soldier GARIBALDI
with his little band of liberators of Sicily. We
have even been told that the commander must have
spoken to GARIBALDI himself; but, of course, for
this we cannot vouch.

It is almost amusing to look back and to recall
to memory how the obscure intimations of the
event, of which our own officer was soon to give us
the authentic details, were wafted to us; and still
more, to remember the laughably contradictory
telegrams from official sources at Naples and from
Turin, the latter furnished doubtless by irregular

' sympathisers, yet turning out to be true. First,
on the 12th, we had a rumour that GARIBALDI
had landed at Orozza in Calabria ; the following
day, Saturday, " advices received ii London from
Sicily" told us that he had succeeded in effecting a
landing at Marsala; and REUTER'S telegrams spoke
of GARIBALDI'S fearful proclamation to the Italians,
and of the diligent cruising of Neapolitan vessels
around the coast of Sicily. On the 15th, Tuesday,
from " financial quarters" and Turin, the landing
at Marsala was reported as a fact ; and the " offi-
cial" telegram from Naples not only did not deny
it, but told us of the valiant deeds of the frigate
and the Neapolitan steamer, which sunk one vessel,
captured the other, and killed several of the
Filibusters. On the 17th, the " official " telegram
reported that many of GARIBALDI'S volunteers
were killed by the Royal troops. Then on the 19th,
last Saturday, came the startling news again,
" official," from Naples, that the bands of GARI-
BALDI had been attacked and utterly routed at
Calata Fimi, a great number, including one of the
chiefs, killed and wounded. It was soon added,
however, that the Neapolitan troops had returned
to Palermo, but that others had gone in pursuit of
the fugitives. Most of us more than suspected
that we must understand the news respecting
GARIBALDI, as we learned to do that which reached
us from the Hunters of the Alps during the Italian
war, and fully expected to hear that the Neapo-
litans had been themselves utterly routed ; and,
surely enough, the next telegram from Paris
told us that " the Neapolitan army had
been totally defeated near Palermo by GARI-
BALDI." While beneath this telegram we had
another " official" one from Naples to insert again,
representing the Royal troops as "pursuing the
Garibaldians" and their "ardour and valour as
beyond all praise"! At the same time we were
told that the General was close on Palermo, and
the fact was that he had possession of Monreale, a
small place which commands it. The next tele-
grams saved the life of Raw, one of GARIBALDI'S
Captains, whom the Neapolitan official telegrams had
killed. On Thursday again the "official" telegram
attacked theGaribaldians in their position ,and utterly
routed them, while the unauthorised tidings pub-
lished in the Patrie were, that there was only the
slight mistake—that the Royal troops had been at-
tacked, utterly routed, that the soldiers had fled to
the forts, and that the evacuation of all the towns
in the Island was expected. This morning we find
the Neapolitans still in Palermo, some accounts say,
others say on the heights around it, but daily ex-
pecting to be compelled to leave. One regiment
had to be shipped to Naples to prevent its deserting
to GARIBALDI.

The narrative of Commander MARRYAT, as given
in the correspondence published by the Govern-
ment, will doubtless have been noticed by most of
our readers. It seems pretty plain from it that
the Neapolitan ships of war, both steamers and
frigate, did not wish to come to close quarters with
GARIBALDI'S steamers. The Neapolitan war
steamer saw the two steamers, with Sardinian
colours, make straight for the mole, one of them
visibly as full of men as she could be ; yet, though
within easy range of her guns, she did not, " for
some reason, open fire till the men were all formed
and marching into the town. The frigate, however,
came up" with a strong breeze," just in time to per-
form the truly Neapolitan feat of delivering "one in-
effectual broadside." When our commander went on
board the Neapolitan steamer he found the comman-
der nervous and agitated, and still taking particular
care not to fire on the Sardinian steamers, The
reason for this appears to be indicated by a subse-
quent occurrence. On returning to his vessel he
found the Neapolitan commander of another steamer
requesting that an English boat might be sent to
the Sardinian steamers asking them to surrender.
Our Commander very properly declined. It was
plain that the Neapolitan wanted to ascertain,
without risk to himself, whether the steamers were
abandoned, which seemed most probable. On the
other hand, had there been men on board who could
be induced to surrender, we might have been re-
presented as having induced them to do so. After
some delay, and when all seemed thoroughly safe,
boats went from the Neapolitan vessels and took
possession of the empty prizes ! So ended the first
act of the GARIBALDI expedition for the libera-
tion of Sicily. Thus much was there in
the story so readily believed by Mr. HENESSEY,
that the English vessels of war prevented the brave
Neapolitan commanders from firing on the two
steamers. One of two things is evident from Com-
mander MARRYAT'S account—there was either
treachery or cowardice in the affair. With no
hazard of injury to any Englishman, the Neapoli-
tans could have done severe injury to the steamer
which grounded, and to the men in her. They might
probably have reached the other had they been so
minded. We have hardly a doubt that they pre-
ferred net to bring GARIBALDI and his men to bay.