The Sun.
London, England, 1869-08-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1869.

years, and cannot, the Commissioner thinks, be de emee
unprosperous. Agricultural wages, which were
formerly eightpence a day, are now Bs. to Ps. a week,
with plots of land added. The small farmers are
not likely to hold their own unless they try spade
husbandry ; but those with moderate holdings are in
reasonably easy circumstances, Yet, on the whole,
though absentee landlords are less numerous than in
Tipperary, the landed system is of the salve char-
acter. The owners are Protestants, the cultivators are
Catholics. Large estates are under the care of agents
Most of the improvements are made by the occupiers,
and in few instances has compensation been given. Most
of the occupiers are tenants-at-will. Hence 7 grievous
wrong, though not common, occurs sometimes. In
one case a landlord allowed an occupier to pay 2600
for the good-will of the previous tenant, and evicted
the new corner shortly afterwards without any just
reason.

The Commissioner gives one instance
of the good effect produced by merely substituting
a durable for a precarious tenure. Mr. Bianconi, a
largo proprietor in the Cashel district, purchased
two lots of the Portarlington estate in 7855. The
rental of the lands was .305 ; they were held
"by tenants-at-will, who formed a lazy and
beggarly population," and the rents were in ordinary
seasons in arrear. Mr. Bianconi increased the
rental to £473; but he gave the occupiers leases
for thirty-one years, and the result has been that
without the expenditure of a shilling upon the part
of the landlord, except in the repair of farmsteads
the higher rent has always been paid, " and the
tenantry are now a contented yeomanry." Mr
Bianconi holds the belief that there would never
have been any land question, if the owners hae.
been fairly liberal with improvements and in granting
leases.

One of the most interesting features in the landed
system round Cashel is a considerable colony of
English farmers who have turned a waste covered
with the wrecks of small holdings " into a scene
worthy of the best counties of England." These
colonists were at first met with much hostility ;
but by giving good wages, and by dealing
fairly with the poor, they have made them-
selves liked and esteemed as benefactors
The Englishmen themselves admit that the
Irish, if liberally treated, could compete
fairly with them. "Itis a silly libel to deny the
capacity of the Irish tenant to work hard—he taker
readily to an improved mode of agriculture, and he
brings to his aid, when fairly dealt with, the strong
arms, and stout hearts, and the shrewd wit of his
whole household."

Tarbell, which lasted an hour and a half, ana it asserts
that the report has been published by the express authority
of the President himself. The subject of the conversation was
the state of affairs in Mississippi. The President said his only
desire was peace and unity, and he would do anything to
bring that about; but he looked with suspicion on the
professions of the late rebels, who seemed to aim at
dividing, not aiding, the Republican party. His own
sympathies were altogether with the Republicans, and
he fully approved of General Ames's administration.

fought a fight so gallant and determined as scarcely
to be equalled, ending in a defeat such as to pros-
trate her at the feet of her foe, we maintain that
she has little cause to complain of her treatment.
Mr. KEILEY asserts that the object of the war has
been attained in establishing the paramount autho-
rity of the Union ; in the renunciation of the right
of secession; and in the civil and political enfranchise-
ment of the blacks ; and the Northern people hav-
ing engrafted into the constitution of Virginia
through the vote of her citizens, the objects for
which they contended, do not desire further to in-
terfere in State matters. But the Republican party
he thinks wish to use their authority to uphold their
supremacy and to enforce on the Virginians not
only their principles, but to compel their aid. This
he considers to be an unjustifiable use of the power
the country has bestowed, which if persisted in will
lead to the destruction of the party, but only
through great suffering to the Virginians. To avoid
that, and to put the Republican party right, he
writes, while frankly saying that if it were not
for those dire calamities he anticipates for his State
and f.:1low -citizens he would welcome the persistent
hostility of the Radical party to the moral sense of
tLe people as the surest road to its utter destruction.
There is no doubt that each party has endeavoured
to proscribe the other, and that each with power to
act used it unscrupulously to disfranchise the other
side. When the war ceased, and the civil rights
for a moment returned to the hands of the whites,
they proceeded to re-enact slavery in a modified form.
When checked in this, after the supremacy had been
thrown into the hands of the carpet-bagger and the
negro, 80 per cent. of the blacks, according to Mr.
ICEILEY, voted to exclude from office and from the
jury box nearly the entire white population of Vir-
ginia. The whites had endeavoured to make slaves
of the newly emancipated blacks, and the blacks re-
turned the compliment by endeavouring to make
slaves of their old masters, the whites. The African
conquered in the political war which followed the
contention of armies, and a State constitution was
drawn up, which not only guaranteed the equal
rights of the coloured men in the strongest manner,
but disfranchised and excluded from office all the
leading citizens of the State. The PRESIDENT or-
dered the Constitution thus framed by the negroes
and their leaders, to be submitted to the vote of Vir-
ginia ; not as a whole, but in parts (we mean with
reference to the contention between the races),
and the people almost unanimously, while sanction-
ing the equal rights of the negro, voted down the
disfranchisement of the white—that is, the popular
voice was for equal rights to all, the races com-
promising the matter by surrendering their exclusive
platforms. The question which has now arisen is
whether the newly-elected Legislature is to be sub-
jected to the Test Oath. General CANDY proposes to
enforce it, and this would nullify the election of the
Conservatives, In case his decision be maintained
the commanding General virtually again disqualifies
the leading citizens of Virginia for office ; hence the
bitterness of the protest against it in the South. It
is a weapon in Radical hands in the event of action
being taken on the impression that the late triumph
is purely Democratic, to be used wholly and unscru-
pulously in the Democratic interest ; and in this
dread Mr. KEILEY writes. It is the moving spring,
too, of the numerous meetings the cable tells us are
now taking place in Virginia. The feeling of the
country is against General CANBY, the desire being
to give Virginia and the other unreconstructed
States a fair chance, the more so, as it is freely con-
ceded that the citizens of the Old Dominion have
hitherto acted with moderation and good sense.—
Anglo American Times.

AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
NEW YORK, August 7.

The President has left the Stetson House, Long
Branch, after a little speech-making and a great
deal of hand-shaking. He and his family are now
at the house of Secretary Fish on the Hudson,
whence he will proceed to Saratoga, where great
disappointment was felt on receipt of a letter he bad
written from Washington, announcing that he would
not reach that watering place till the 18th. There
he is to be the guest of Warren Lelland of the Union
Hotel, one of whose prettiest cottages has been pre-
pared for him. General Grant's progress is marked
by speech-making and hand-shaking; the latter not
a bad device of the people to keep their President
from swelling out with pride, the physical exercise
being something, and its moral effect reminding
him that the owner even of an unwashed hand is
his fellow-citizen. We had a sensation in the seizure
of the gunboats now being built for Spain. Mr.
Delamater, shipbuilder, contracted to construct 30 ;
building 15 at Mystic, Connecticut ; 8 in his own
yard at the foot of Thirteenth-street, North River;
4 at Poillon's, Brooklyn ; and 4 at Stack's, Green
Point. Marshal Barlow, being informed that they
were intended for use against Peru, sent two depu-
ties to Mystic on Tuesday, having first telegraphed
to the Connecticut Marshal to prevent any of the
vessels he designed to seize from leaving. He then
despatched others to Delamater's yard, who were
met by Mr. Reynolds. The Superintendent, on
learning their errand, obtained permission to pro-
ceed with the work to completion, the understand-
ing being that the boats were in charge of the Mar-
shal. This seizure was not under a special writ, but
under the general order of the President to pre-
vent any breach of neutrality. The vessels are evi-
dently designed for lake and river navigation ; the
propellers are very small ; the tonnage 188 ; length,
105 feet, breadth 25 feet, depth 8 feet; to draw
5 feet of water ; and each to carry a 100-pounder.
Mr. Barlow has received a letter signed by Ryan
and Currier from Niagara, asking the Marshal's
permission to return on parole to appear for exami-
nation, promising to abstain further from violating
the neutrality laws, a rather cool request, consider-
ing that the gentleman had already given and for-
feited bail, forcibly escaping from the hands of jus-
tice after the grand jury had found a true bill. Mar-
shal Barlow informed them that he could not accede
to their request, their case altogether differing from
the others. Last Saturday the police received a
telegram addressed to Superintendent Kennedy
from Inspector Bailey of the Landon City Police,
asking to have three persons on a charge of forgery
arrested on the arrival of the Russia. In the ab-
sence of Mr. Kennedy, Inspector Dilkes sent two
detectives on board the steamer when she reached
port, and arrested Clement Harwood, alias Charles
Hope Chalmers, alias Edward Cookson ; Charles
Cookson, alias John Hatcher, and the wife of the
latter. They were much surpised on being taken
into custody. Our authorities were referred to Mr.
Miller, a lawyer of 68, Wall-street, who was to
receive the necessary papers from Messrs. Tatem,
Curling, and Wall of London. The first intimation,
however, of the affair that lie got was from the inspec-
tor's visit ; but he knew the eminent London firm
mentioned, though be knew nothing of the firms on
whom the forged cheques were drawn, nor the banks
alleged to be robbed. Harwood's money was in
French notes, except a £5OO Bank of England note,
twenty-one £lOO notes, and some smaller notes and
sovereigns. The whole was taken possession of by
the police, amounting to $65,000, and the facts were
communicated to the English Consul and a despatch
sent to the English firm. The men are young and
gentlemanly in appearance, and the woman looks
refined, all being evidently accustomed to comfort.
She was allowed to depart, and there appears to be
no evidence against her husband, except that he was
in Harwood's society. She put up at the St. Charles'
Hotel, and revealed that her husband and Harwood
are cousins, and were stockbrokers of the city of Lon-
don. Herhusband shortly before their departure for
New Yot k wen t to Paris; he iu tended to join Harwood
in business in the United States, and it was arranged
that he should receive from him a salary of $2OO
a month. He wished her to remain for a short time
in England, but she so strongly objected that within
a notice of six hours she embarked in the Russia,
his consent being obtained at the last moment. It
was only on the passage that she learnt that their
names had been registered on the steamer's books
as Cookson, but this was explained by the state
room being taken by persons named Cookson, who
had failed to appear, and it had been handed over
to them without change of name. The two men
have been held by request till an English officer can
reach New York. There was a meeting on the

subject of the East River Bridge, at Brooklyn, last
Tuesday. The half million of dollars which remain
to be subscribed had been wholly taken up, with 10
per cent. in hand. Mr. Washington Roebling, the
son of the engineer to whom it had been entrusted,
and who is now in Europe to examine works of a
similar character, is to construct the bridge. He
is spoken of in the highest terms, both with regard
to his ecru and great professional ability. It is
probable that Mr. Horatio Allen will be selected to
consult with him, and Mr. Roebling will receive the
salary his father asked, $B,OOO. The work of the
sparrows is in the highest degree satisfactory in
Central Park, but some of• our light-fingered gentry
have taken to stealing our little English pets. I
believe you regard them as very common-place,
grain-stealing, nest-building, feathered bipeds, but
perhaps if they were all swept out of England you
might begin to appreciate their value. They have
cleared away a nuisance of insect vermin which dis-
figured and damaged the trees; and now that we

see what useful arid pleasant little things they are,
the wonder is that they were not long ago intro-
duced.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 6

Postmaster-General Creswell was recovering
from the injury he sustained by the tilting back-
wards of his chair, and he is expected here on Mon-
day. All the other Secretaries, except Rollins and
Cox, have left Washington, and it is said that there
will be no regular Cabinet meeting during the
month. General Cochrane has positively declined
the Collectorship of the Sixth District of New
York, and recommended for the post the former
deputy-collector. Now that the post is open, the
struggle to secure it is very hard, and, as usual,
candidates present themselves bearing recommenda-
tions from the same influential Congressmen. No
wonder Mr. Delano is puzzled, and I suppose Bluth
testimonials will soon be reckoned as worthless, by
the chiefs of bureaux. The Commissioner has decided
on transferring to different parts of the country the
supervisors of Internal Revenue, moving them sud-
denly from place to place. By this means he will
prevent the alliance of revenue officers with the
" rings," which, he believes, will greatly increase
the revenue. Hitherto it has been the habit to ap-
point such detectives, internal revenue inspectors,
and gaugers as may be recommended by the higher
revenue officers, and this rule has also been abo-
lished. The working of the Internal Revenue since
the inauguration of the present Administration has
furnished abundant evidence that the measures
adopted to prevent fraud and honestly to collect the
revenue have been attended with good result. The
morale of the service is improved, and the increase
in the collections is a matter of surprise and con-
gratulation to the officials. Especially is this the
case in New Orleans, and generally along the Mis-
sissippi ; but it is marked as well throughout the
South, where it is believed that illicit distillation
has been nearly broken up, and Custon House
frauds, and collections on tobacco, though on a
smaller scale, show the same improvement. The
seceders from the Congregational Church have or-
ganized themselves into a Second Church with Dr.
Boynton as pastor. The money has been sub-
scribed for a year's expenses. General Howard
is at the head of the First Church. There was a
great fire at Philadelphia yesterday morning, which
destroyed the United States Bonded Warehouse on
Lombard-street wharf, better known as Patterson's
storehouse, a six-storey brick building, 250 feet by
150 feet, and containing 40,000 barrels of whisky,
and other goods, valued at ten or eleven millions of
dollars. The whisky was carried flaming through
the streets, destroying the hose used by the fire-
men, but happily a heavy thunder storm set in
at the time. As the liquor streamed on fire into
the sewers, it exploded the noxious gases generated
there and caused great panic. it appears that the
portion of the building over the engine room was
over-weighted with the whisky, which falling
through to the furnace set the building in flames.
It was considered fireproof with 18-inch walls be-
tween each of the eight stores, with iron doors and
sbutters,but they burnt up as if constructed of wood.
They were built 15 years ago, and were used till
recently for Government stores. The principal
losers arc the limeys, Catherwood, and J. Gibson's
Sons ; four children were reported killed and several
injured. Some time ago I mentioned that the Pre-
sident had shut out the public from the grounds be-
hind the Executive Mansion, consisting of some 10
or 12 well-wooded acres, with comfortable settees, to
which those unable to get away from Washington
much resorted during the hottest months. The
marine band played there oa the afternoons of Sa-
turdays, and numbers rested themselves on the iron
seats, enjoying the cool breezes of the Potomac till
sunset, when the grounds were closed. The con-
servatories and gardens of the White House are
railed off, so far preserving its privacy. The last
day on which they were opened to the public was
the celebration of Independence Day, when they
were especially made over for the enjoyment of the
coloured inhabitants of Washington ; but next day
two policemen were stationed, one at the Fifteenth
and the other at the Seventeenth-street entrance,
to enforce the President's order closing the grounds
against the public. Horses have been turned in,
and the substitution of these interesting quadrupeds
for themselves has been taken in high dudgeon by our
citizens, one of whom is reported, I hope untruly, to
have in spite administered to a favourite steed of
the General a doze of arsenic, which finished its
career, and mulcted the owner in a sum of $3,000. I
am glad to say Grant can afford this, for be is the
recipient of so many gifts that he is becoming almost
wealthy ; the last was a present of 50 acres of land
at Bricksburg, which a gentleman presented to him
during his stay at Long Branch. Probably this gen.
tleman designed that the President should build on
these acres which might have the effect of running
up the value of the surrounding property which he
bad laid out in building lots. Although the Pre-
sident may not look his gift horses in the mouth
the people are pretty sure to do so, and such is the
notion that presents itself to your correspondent.*
The contention between Mr. Roberts, the Spanish
Minister, and Colonel Freyer, the Peruvian Minis-
ter, over the gunboats seized by Marshal Barlaw,
amuses us all. The one strives for their release,
the other for their detention, and both have hurried
to New York to see the matter out. The trial of
Surgeon Green closes to-day, but the verdict will
not be given till next week. Much interest
has been excited,. as it is a test case between
the line and the staff involving their rights. The
orders changing the relative rank have caused
great discontent ; one would think the Government
worked up and down in the premises so as to dis-
gust the greatest possible number. Yesterday and
to-day the chief excitement has been the election
in Tennessee. Memphis has gone for Senter 2,000,
and with Memphis went the hopes of the Radicals,
for though a Conservative city its negro vote was
heavy, and the Radical probability of success lay
in the solid vote of the coloured population for their
candidate. This shows a division among the negroes,
and on that division the Conservatives will not only
be successful in Tennessee, but in other Southern
States. A National Convo,ntion of liquor dealers
is to be held here in December to get the old tax of
$2 per gallon re-imposed. They are very patriotic
these liquors dealers, and are only anxious that the
revenues of the country should be increased. But
your correspondent has a fancy on this point also,
which is that they find the present tax leaves no margin
to the " ring" on which to work for the corruption
of the more honest officials of the present Adminis-
tration. It is not surprising that liquor dealers
should hold that all men have their price, the dif-
ference between a Grant man and a Johnson man
being that the former is a higher-priced official than
the latter; I hope that Congress will put an ex-
tino•uisher over them. The public sale in Baltimore
sotne three weeks ago of the Temple Farm is of in-
terest, a 3 it is the spot whereon Lord Cornwallis
surrendered his army. It consists of more than
400 acres, well cultivated and well situated, yet it
only brought $B,OOO.

* Our correspondent is mistaken ; he is not aware that
the Presidout declined the gift.—(En. A.A.T.)

DuNvILLE and Co., Belfast, are: the largest
holders of Whisky in the world. Their Old Irish Whisky is re
commended by the medical profession in preference to French
Brandy.• Supplied in casks and cases for home use or exporta-
tion Quotations on application to Messrs. Dunville and Co ,
Belfast; or 4, Beaufortrbuildings,Strand, London, W,C.—[Ad
vex tinzent_