The Sun.
London, England, 1860-02-23 00:00:00

violated orders given him by the General-in-Chief,
he was to be placed under arrest, and brought to
trial. In the sortie, the Spaniards were surrounded
by the Moors, and had, not 182 men killed and
wounded, as stated by telegraph, but 200.
The Corresponclancia says that the Spaniards,
in their reconnaissance on the road to Tangier,
found a female, who represented herself to be
one of the wives of Muley Abbas, and to have
been cruelly abandoned by him in his flight. She
is described as fifty years, and of " enormous em-
bonpoint ;" and it is said that having been three
days without food she literally devoured the food
offered to her. The Spaniards took charge of the
poor woman. It is said that the Spanish legation
in Mexico is to be raised to the rank of an embassy
in consequence of M. Pacheco, formerly President
of the Chamber of Deputies, having consented to
take the post. Congratulatory addresses to the
Queen on the capture of Tetuan continued to arrive.
A letter says that doubts were entertained that the
Emperor of Morocco would accept the propositions
of peace which are to be made to him.

THE PENINSULAR MAILS.

The following telegram has been received a

Mr. Reuter's office :
SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY.
The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Tagus, Captain Hall, has arrived with the Peninsu-
lar mails, 20 passengers, £4,060 in specie, and a
full cargo, consisting of fruit, eggs, &c.
The Tagus left Lisbon on the 17th. She encoun-
tered north-westerly gales with heavy seas on the
homeward voyage. On the 21st she spoke the
Ceylon with the outward mails for India.
The ships Asia, Amnesty, and Orontes put into
Lisbon on account of bad weather. The steamer
lonia, from Liverpool to Palermo, and the Maria,
for Constantinople, had also put into Lisbon short
of coals.

The intelligence from England that Portuguese
wines would have the same reduction as French
wines gave general satisfaction to the Portuguese,
who, however, were dissatisfied with the English
for expecting a reduction of the Portuguese tariff
in favour of cotton and woollens.

Large quantities of false paper money, manu-
factured for circulation in the Brazils, had been
discovered at Oporto, which it was reported com-
promises many in this country and the Brazils.
On the arrival of the Euryalus with Prince
Alfred, the Court prepared to receive him at the
Arsenal, where the Royal carriages were waiting,
but the Prince landed incognito, and wont on foot
to the Palace.
Exchange on London, 30 days, 531; 60 days
53i ; 90 days, 54. Rentes, 3 per cent., interest of
the present year, 47 47i ; coupons, 461 47.
In the harbour at Lisbon were her Majesty's
steem-frigato Euryalus, two Dutch frigates, and
the barques Lady Alice and Neptune.

LITERATURE.

The Man of the People. By William Howit,
3 vols. Hurst and Blackett.
This is a remarkable book, which refers to event
ful times, and brings prominently before us some
important persons, who belong to fact, though
they here make striking the pages of fiction. The
author has exhibited singular ability in the con-
struction of this book, and many passages present
eloquent descriptions and elevated ideas to the
notice of the reader ; therefore, those who do not
agree with the one-sided arguments that sometimes
appear, may delight themselves with the perusal of
a brilliant work, and derive the satisfaction there-
from that never fails to attend the contemplation
of superior attainments. There is a mournful
pathos in the short and sad sketch of the father of
the hero, the gifted and ill-fated Hugh Stanton.
This man was peculiar in his views, but he erred
on the right side, and he was also as different from
those around him in genius as in the motives that
actuated them ; as so often happens, the hard and
cruel society around him eagerly decried his faults,
but overlooked his rare merits. He died after a
melancholy life ; but, although prevented from
achieving what he might have done, he left behind
him a name that lived in the recollection of many.
Philip inherited much of his father's talent, but he
possessed other qualities more available in every
day life. Had he been under fostering auspices ;
had he been blessed with one prudent and yet sym-
pathising friend; had he been placed in a sphere
that would have drawn out his better and softer
qualities, and kept in abeyance those sterner attri-
butes which he, unfortunately for himself, shared
in common with his parent, then the son of Hugh
Stanton might have been indeed a great man, a dis-
tinguished luminary in that Church he desired to
enter, of a bright ornament in the literary world.
However, a man can but work as he has opportu-
nities, and it appeared Philip's destiny rather to be
compelled to hide his gifts than to find a way
to make them of service to himself or others. This
to a man who knew that, if he had had opportu-
nities he might soon have increased his ten talents
a hundredfold, was indeed a hard burden to bear,
and a bitter infliction to sustain. He therefore had
every excuse in his many mistakes, and, indeed,
serious errors, for nothing hardens or irritates the
mind more than to feel that one is not in his right
place in the world. The various persons of note
with whom Philip came in contact in the course of
his career are ably delineated; and the many sad,
serious scenes in which he mixed are also most
vividly depicted. The time at which these events
occurred was an eventful epoch in the history of
the country. Men were divided into two danger-
ous extremes: on one side was the tyranny and
exclusiveness of the higher orders, and on the
other the excited conduct and extravagant demands
of the multitude. We now live in happier days,
when reason and justice for the most part sway
the voice of public opinion, and the most
grievous wrongs are sure in time to be
redressed, not by riots and rebellions, but by
fair representations and searching inquiries. Those,
however, whe would like to retrace in fancy these
stormy incidents in the civil history will be pleased
with this clever work, in which no pains has been
spared to bring before them all the important ques-
tions then discussed in rage, and demanded in
clamour. Philip was no agitator, but be was so
mixed up in their affairs that he was taken pri-
soner with the rioters, and only escaped an igno-
minious death by the intervention of friends. He
finally succeeded to his uncle's title and lands,
throtigh the sudden death of his cousins, when tra-
velling abroad, but this elevation to the pleasant
places of life did not obliterate from the mind of
the wanderer the lessons he had learned in the days
of adversity. He looked on the existence of toil
with a gentle gaze since he had once studied it
atttentively, as he wandered a lonely outcast on
the broad highway of the world. He sought out
sorrow and suffering, to be the means of alleviating
and removing them with renewed ardour, as he
remembered the days when no one had come for-
ward to cheer or solace his calamities. He did not
isolate himself though, as many who have come
down in life so often do, but he made friends with
all he could, and thus he often passed a pleasant
hour- in the midst of misfortune, and tasted of that
peace which the misanthrope can never enjoy, nor
the desponding discover in his melancholy wan-
derings. The complex affair of the inter-
cepted letters adds, of course, to the inte-
rest and heightens the mystery of the tale, but
to some it will appear extravagant.
Thedrawn. The
Archdeacon Freemantle is admirably o.eiThoef
dw
man seems to stand before us in his
duplicity and
adroit subterfuges. Too many like him areextant
now-a-days who take a tyrannical advantage
of
the
immense power they possess, andwork t ill to
all who offend them. It
would be very satisfactory
if all such characters met with
the discomfiture that
finally annihilated the wily d • eceiver. Jeremiah
man a fine Sterland is a of disposition, and despite
his peculiarities, he attracts interest to himself that
the more striking
individuals do not inspire.
ruling sentiment, and he never
cringed to the
The ladies domighty nor spurned the mean.
not figure very conspicuously in these
pages, but they are both pleasing ••
specimens of
their several styles. There is a dignity in Paulina
and a grace in Helen that seems to stamp thorn
at first sight with a charm that subsequent scru-
tiny does not deprive them of. On the whole,
this new work is a superior production in its way,
and it is one which in its varied descriptions, and
vivid pictures will not fail to make a powerful im-
pression on the minds of its readers. It is not often
that so complete a sketch of political events is met
with in a work of fiction, and for this, as for other
reasons, " The Man of the People " may fairly be
expected to attain a great success. Those whose
views of public life vary widely from those which
actuate the Y% riter of these volumes will not refuse
to bear their testimony to his skill and judgment,
while the mere lover of literature will admire the
eloquent style and spirited tone of these pages.

History of the _Reign of Henry IV., Ring of
France and Navarre. By Martha Walker
Freer. 2 vols. Hurst and Blackett.
Miss Freer has already done good service in the
CAUSO of historical literature. With a degree of

patience and application not often found among
feminine writers, she has explored the tedious me-
moirs and voluminous correspondence of the middle
ages, whose very language is now intricate and
obsolete. The weighty piles of State papers have
no terrors for her, but she resolutely applies her-
self to the study of every document that can serve
to throw light upon the epoch she is discussing or
to illustrate the motives and actions of the rival
parties of the time. She has chosen for her sub-
ject a very important era in French history, and
one which can well afford additional consideration
by English readers. Though most persons are, of
course, acquainted with the outline of events: and
the names of the chief actors, yet few general
readers are familiar with the secret workings of
a time which affords much matter for instruc-

tion and reflection. Commencing with the me-
moirs of Marguerite D'Angouleme, Duchesse
D'Alencon, and Queen of Navarre, the sister of
Francis 1., whose beauty and virtues form a
pleasing contrast to too many of her royal rela-
tives, Miss Freer then proceeded to the life of her
heroic daughter, Jeanne D'Albret, the ruling
spirit of the Hugenots, whose somewhat stern and
harsh disposition may be readily forgiven for the
sake of her firmness and high principle. The -
biography of Elizabeth de Valois, daughter of
Henry 11., and Catherine do Medicis, and wife of
the gloomy bigot, Philip 11. of Spain, although con-
temporaneous, was somewhat of a break in the chain
of French history. Nevertheless she was a fair
and graceful subject for a feminine pen to delineate,
although she might be wanting in force of intellect
or character. Not long after the memoir of Isabel
de la Paz, as her subjects fondly styled her, Miss
Freer attempted a moi e ambitious and arduous
task. Hitherto her works, though political and
historical in character, had been exclusively devoted
to female subjects. Now she ad:ventured on the
life of a king, and gave us a narrative of the Court
and Times of Henry 111., King of France and
Poland. Though some things rendered this reign
an especially difficult one for a female historian,
Miss Freer acquitted herself of her arduous task
with judgment and ability. The brief and inglori-
ous reign of that monarch being concluded, she
brings us now to the glorious career of—
" Ce heros qui regna sur la France
Et par droit de conquete et par droit de naissance.”
The volumes before us form only the opening por-
tion of the history. They are entitled " Henry
IV. and the League," and relate the storms and
contentions which intervened during the troubled
period between the murder of Henry 111. and the
triumphal entry of his valiant successor into Paris
fire years later. This gloomy and troubled time of
civil war, when the unhappy land was torn and
desolated by the recklessness of selfish factions,
occupies the whole of these pages ; it remains for
the future volumes (to show us the happier time
which followed the general recognition of the
rightful monarch, who, happily for his turbulent
subjects, was no less clement and magnanimous in
the hour of triumph than valiant and persevering
in the time of darkness and defeat. The following
passage aptly pourtrays the condition to which
the enemies of Henri Quatre found themselves re-
duced in 1594
Bitterly was Madame de Montpensier disabused of her
wicked and ambitious speculations. Ruined in fortune
and repute, Catherine de Lorraine knelt to implore the
clemency of ' the execrable Navarrois.' Her brother,
Mayenne, who at the commencement of the troubles she
had so successfully incited to rebel, was an exile from the
capital, impoverished, and in his reverse mocked and de-
luded by the Papal and Spanish Courts. The Duke de
Guise, shut up in Rheims without troops, or mow, hum-
bly waited the favourable moment to make submission to
the victorious king. The League, inaugurated by the
crime of regicide, had brought woe and desolation on the
roe) of Lorraine. All the principal persons who had par.
taken in the crime which hurled Henry 111. from his
throne, were now by a singular instance of retributive
judgment, in their turn overthrown. Many had lost both
life and fortune, even to the utter extinction of their race
in the desolating warfare which ensued. The chieftains of
the League were either dead or miserable exiles. The power
of the Holy See received a blow, from which, in France, it
never recovered. Spain lavished her treasures in pursuit
of the shadowy claims of Donna Isabel ; and by the 'diver-
sion of her troops from herFlemishiterritory so strengthened
her rebels of the Netherlands, as to enable them eventually
to emancipate themselves from the Spanish crown. The
war with France, so recklessly waged by Philip IL was
never thoroughly extinguished until the great-grandson of
Henry IV. sat on the throne of King Philip, after the
dynasty of the Emperor Charles V. in the male line had
become extinct."
There is a slight error, no doubt accidental, in the
last sentence, since Philip V. was the grandson of
Louis XIV., and consequently one generation.
further removed from Henry IV. In conclusion,
the authoress writes as follows :
"Thus Henry IV. overthrew the power of thi Holy
League. Its chieftains were proscribed ; its confederation
dissolved ; its influence extinct. The victories, and, above
all, the supple temper of the King, which enabled him to
mould his religion to his interests, and to choose his friends
according to his circumstances, combined to achieve this
grand result. Neither had the expedients of diplomacy
bean neglected by Henry. He had indited love letters to
Queen Elizabeth ; passlonate apeals to the Pope ; rumen-
etrances to King Philip; exorp
diums to the Sultan Amu-
rath, and practical homilies to the Seignory of
Venice and to the Italian potentates. Never depressed by
reverses, the joyous buoyancy of Henry's temper cheered)
while his courage in battle, his presence of mind and his
fortitude, rendered his soldiers heroes."
Miss Freer deserves great credit for the care and
research with which she has written this work.
Copious references to varied and standard authori-
ties, to State papers and documents, are given in
the marginal notes, with a brief account of the
genealogy of each celebrity of the time. She tell'
us that her work is drawn from the MS. documents
in the Bibliotheque Imperials and other unpub-
lished sources ; and we must commend her care and
fidelity in composition. She does not indulge ill
many original observations or criticisms, but her
work flows on in unbroken narrative. There is, how'.
ever, a considerable advance perceptible on her
former works. There is more freedom and decision
in her style ; and we have no doubt, with the addi-
tional advantages of time :and practice, she will
acquire an eminent place among the female histo'
rians of England.

Tuscany in 1849 and in 1859. By T. Adolphus
Trollope. Chapman and Hall.
The object of the author is to show the great ad'
vance made by the people of Tuscany in the art of
moral self-government during the last ten -years.
The greater part of the work is devoted to recapitu-
lating the history of the blunders and excesses
which distinguished the revolution of 1848; hoW
the populace were excited to rebellion by the op-
pression of their rulers, and the stinging satires of the
poet Giuseppe Giusti ; and how the kindling. spark
was given by the outbreak in France. After re-
viewing all the causes which led to revolution, the
third chapter winds up as follows :
And so the year 1846 came to a
spirit, del
*
close, amid symptoms of
ngstocioronbmnejtdurhiaeeennddpeeeturrtmp by eoouanthbleenscuyffioc
fientht
etoe'saltaarlishthede
orbldinerdel
things and the unfailing supremacy of brute forsi. Th.
further
etrhecoNniunrinth
conjuring of
tahlereassidaryvare4
pontiff, and was claiming to be himself a master
devil"fusingall
believerseom i
could compel popes and kings to bend to his will.
At length the war of independence fairly broke out;
and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, as a last hope °`
maintaining his rule, put himself at the head of tial
movement. But it would seem that his conduct Ass
by no means honourable, for while pretending to jells
heart and hand with his subjects, he in reality w_,lll
holding correspondence with the Austrian General,
Radetzky :
It is asserted, then, that a quantity of papers, correspond'
once chiefly, which had belonged to Radetzky, was put'
chased for a very considerable sum in Milan • that among
these papers was a letter from the Grand Duke to the Au .ii
trian general, telling him that he sent him twelve thousand
11
" canaille," which he hoped he—the general—would
him of.
The Pope having yielded to the storm, finding',
impossible to restrain the military ardour excited
in Rome by the insurrection in Tuscany, soon begs°
to cry back. He suffered his troops to advance
to
the frontier, under General Durando, but would TOP
give his sanction to their crossing the Po. Th_.,lll
what with treachery in the pretended leaders, Wed
of unanimity and disorder amongst the people, a.%
Austrian bayonets without, the struggle for Rails j
independence was abortive. Peter the Great f;
Russia once said, after sustaining a defeat
Charles XII. of Sweden—" Let us have vitiate:
the Swedes will in the end teach us to beat the of
selves." Even so was it Tuscany ; ten year°
subjugation under a galling despotism has tauPef
the Tuscans the value of moderation—the force to
which has been proved by late events—and Outgo
succeed, it is necessary to trust to themselves, rat
ar
than to those who, having once tasted the 01
tionable joys of high command, will stoop to erer
artifice rather than forego their power. The ,';s ;
dom of the people must emanate from themse'libe
it is a grave mistake to expect to obtain it b 1 of
aid of crafty rulers, or by the interposition
cAI
grasping foreign despots. It is needless to as'e
-attention to the author's comments on the 01:11,00
of the British Government, swayed as it has "sol
of late years by German influence ; all sensible
o4disinterested people can have but one opioi° sob
the subject. The book is written in a bold of
fearless style, without favour or affection t°,ooo
party, and is well worthy the attention of 1m
who take an interest Italian affairs.

Co,The Queen of England and the Prince Co, Ana
have presented to their grandchild, the :on of IliTa cutifult
Pi iucess Fred eriek William, an exceedingly u'd re'
and artistically manufactured cup and cover in g°(l,d;oothst
membrane of their having been godfather and g, orno'
to the young prince. The whole of the jewels used Inscrir
ments are valuable diamonds, and the cup bears &Ty Frio.
Lion in English as follows: —" Queen Victoria add Albert,
Albert to their grandson, Frederic William Iri°,,,,ttre Tate -11
in remembrance of the stl. of March, 1859. is °'
that of the baptism of the young prince. Tho',l
London manufacture, and is a worthy specimen 01
smith's art.