The Sun.
London, England, 1856-06-27 00:00:00

"THE EARL OF CLARENDON TO MR. DALLAS.

" Foreign•office, Juno 26.
"Sir,—The despatch of Mr. Marcy, which you read to me
on the 11th instant, and of which you placed a copy in my
hands, has received the attentive consideration of her Ma-
jesty's Government.

"-Her Majesty's Government are gratified at learning that
the assurances contained in my note to you of the SOth April,
that no intention existed on the part of her Majesty's Govern-
ment to violate the laws, compromise the neutrality, or disre.
gard the sovereignty of the United States, have been unre-
servedly accepted by the President, and that all cause of dif-
ference with respect to the question of enlistment has ceased
to exist between the Government of Great Britain and of the
United States.

" It is with much regret, however, that her Majesty's Go-
vernment have learnt that the President has been unable to
alter the view whickhe had taken of the conduct of her Ma-
jesty's Minister at Washington, and of her Maiesty's Consuls
at New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati, in regard to the
transactions which have been under discussion between the
two Governments.

" Mr. Marcy had, in his despatch of Dec. 28, 1855, stated
that the President was of opinion that those officers of her
Majesty had violated the laws of the United Ststes, by being
parties to enlistments within the Union ; that he, on that
ground, considered that they had become unacceptable organs
•f her Majesty's Government in the United States, and that
he consequently requested that they might be removed from
their respective posts.
" Her Majesty's Government did not share this opinion of
the President in regard to the conduct of those officers of
her Majesty ; and, having communicated to those officers the
charges made against them, and the evidence on which those
•harges rested, and having received from them full den7als of
the truth of the charges, and such corroborating evidence as
they were able to procure tending to invalidate the testimony
brought against them, her Majesty's Government laid all
these matters fully and frankly before the Government of the
United States, with the persuasion that they would remove
the unfavourable impression whi, h had been created in the
mind of the President with regard to the conduct and pro.'
ceedings of her Majesty's Minister at Washington and of the
three above-mentioned Consuls.

" It appears, however, that this communication has not
produced the effect which her Majesty's Government had ex-
pected ; and Mr. Marcy, in stating that the President's view
of these matters remained unaltered, accompanied that state-
ment by a number of additional documents, tending to con.
arm the view which the President had originally taken of
these matters.

" Her Majesty's Government have carefully examined these
additional documents, but do not And in them any evidence

worthy of belief which would •shake the confidence whiz h
they have reposed in the assurances of Mr. Crampton and of.
the Consuls.

which they
e .Majesty's,
have jes tyev' se r
heldoGovernmentfthe zeal,ret a
,retain
ability,t he high
and
o integrity p on
of Mr. Crampton, and of the earnest desire by which he has
been animated to avoid all just cause of offence to the
Government to which he was accredited. Her Majesty's
Government - cannot but believe that on many material
points in respect to his conduct the President has been mis-
led Ily_erroneons information, an& by the testimony of wit-
nesses undeserving of belief.
" Her 'Majesty's Government entertain similar convictions
as to the- conduct of her Majesty's Consuls at New York,
Philadelphia, and Cincinnati.
" Such a conflict of opinions on such a matter between the
Governments of two great Powers must necessarily be the
subject 'of serious deliberations by both ; and her Majesty's
Government have not failed,to give to this matter all the con-
sideration which it justly deserved.
" If her -Majesty's Government had been convinced, like
the Government of the United States, that her Majesty's
officers had, in defiance of their instructions, violated the laws
of the United States, her Majesty's Government would, both
out of deference to the United States, and from a due regard
fa the authority of the British Crown, have removed those
.'officers from the posts which they held.
. " If the Government of a foreign country were capriciously,
and without any apparent belief that it had good ground for
doing so, to break of its diplomatic relations with the Minis-
ter accredited to it by her. Majesty, her Majesty's confidential
servants, answerable for maintaining the honours and dignity
of the Crown, could not. hesitate as to advising her Majesty
equary to break off all diplomatic intercom-se with the Minis-
ter ofisuch Government accredited to her Court.

" But in the present case her Majesty's Goiernment are
bouhd to accept the formal and.rdpeated declarations of the
President of his belief that tfie:se officers of her Majesty have
yiolated the laws of the Union, and axg. pa thataccount,
*-Ategelp table arena orimratteeekctiOte the \lovernmell.
and authorities of the United Statefl and her Majesty's Go-
vernnient cannot deny to the Governthent of therUnited
States a right similar to thitt which, in a parallel case, they
would claim for themselves, —the right, namely, of forming
their own judgment as to the bearing of the laws of the
Union upon transactions which have taken place within the
Union.
" I have, therefore, the honour to inform you that, how-
ever deeply her Majesty's Government regret a proceeding on
the part of the President of the United States which cannot
' but be considered as of an unfriendly character, they have
not deemed it their duty on that account to advise her Ma-
jesty to command me to suspend my diplomatic intercourse
with you ; and I have to assure you that the high personal
esteem which is felt for you by all the members of her Ma-
jesty's Government will render it most agreeable to myself 'o
have the honour of entering into communication with ,ou
upon all matters connected with the mutual relations of our
two countries. You will be certain of meeting, on the part
of her Majesty's Government, the most friendly feelings to-
wards the United States, and the most anxious desire so t

arrange all questions of difference as to reconcile the just
rights and real interests of the two countries with the main-

...
tenance of those amicable relations, the preservation of which
is of such great Importance to both.

" I am, &c.,

"CI:ARENDON."

In the following despatch Lord Clarendon replies to the
despatch from Mr. Marcy on the Central American ques-
tion, communicated simultaneously with that in which it
was announced that Mr. Crampton would be dismissed :

" THE EARL OF CLARENDON TO MR. DALLAS.

" Sir, —The despatch of the Secretary of State of the United
States dated the 24th ult., a copy of which was placed by
you in my hands on the 11th inst., on the subject of the dif-
ference of opinion between the British Government and that
of the United States, regarding the construction and effect of
the Convention of April 19, 1850, and the subject of Central
America generally, has received the attentive consideration
of her Majesty's Government.
" Before I proceed to communicate to you the views of her
Majesty's Government in reply to this despatch, I will beg
leave to remark, in reference to Mr. Marcy's observation that
direct communication upon the main subject had for some
time ceased between Mr. Buchanan and myself, that such
communication had ceased because it appeared to her Ma-
jesty's Government that ftrther correspondence was not likely
to lead to a settlement of the question at issue. That ques-
tion turned upon the interpretation of the treaty of 1850, re-
specting which her Majesty's Government learnt for the first
time, from Mr. Buchanan, that a view had been taken by the
present Government of the United States different from that
of the preceding Government. The treaty arose out of the
various projects which had been started for commercial com-
munications across Central America, between the Atlantic
and the Pacific, and especially had reference to the scheme of
a ship canal by the River St John and the Lake Nicaragua.
The main object of the treaty was to provide security that
such lines of commercial communication, through whatever
part of Central America they might pass, should be free for
the use of all nations, and should not fall under the exclusive
control of any Power. 1

"These objects and purposes are clearly explained and
stated in the Ist Article, which is as follows :
" The Governments of Great Britain and the United States
hereby declare that neither the one nor the other will ever
obtain or maintain for itself any exclusive control over the
said ship-canal ; agreeing that neither, will ever erect or
maintain any fortifications commanding the same, or in the
r thereof, or occupy, or fortify, or colon.fs€, or assume,
.0 '.4e any dominion over Nicara ua, Cqsta. Rica, the
',oast, or anyopart - Am ca ; nor will
.ste of people, tor the ege6 mato
14P6M4r1014
t. such fortifications, or cit occupying, fortifying, or
r- ....ingificaragua, Costa Rica, it he Mosquito Coast, or any
part of Central America, or of assuming or exercising domi-
nion over the same. Nor will Great Britain or the United
States take advantage of any intimacy, or use any alliance,
connexion, or influence that either may possess with any
State or Government through whose territorry the said canal
may pass, for the purpose of acquiring or holding, directly or
indirectly, for the subjects or citizens of the one, any rights
or advantages in regard to commerce or navigation through
the said canal, which shall not be offered, on the same terms,
to the subjects or citizens of the other.

" Her Majesty's Government deemed that the plain and
unquestionable interpretation of this article was, that each
Government was prohibited from doing what the words of
*he article explicitly declared that neither Government should
thereafter do; but that both Governments retained the rights
which they had previously enjoyed, where those rights were
not expressly limited or abandoned.
"With regard especially to the protection which, for a
long course of time, the British Government has afforded to
the Mosquito Indians, this article; so far from requiring
that protection to cease, acknowledges its existence and
contemplates its continuance, for the article says that
neither party will make use of any protection which it
affords, or may afford, to any State or people, for the pur-
poses of erecting or maintaining any fortifications, or of oc-
cupying, fortifying, or colonising the countries therein speci-
fied,' The treaty; therefore, does not require existing pro-
tection to cease, but only forbids using such protection for
certain specified purposes.
I repeatedly informed Mr. Buchanan that it was the
wish of her Majesty's Government to withdraw from the pro.
teetorate of Mosquito, provided they c uld do so with honour,
sacuring adequate provision for the King and the Indians of
that country ; that Ruatan was a possession of her Majesty's
Crown; and that as her Majesty's Government could not
consent to abandon the protectorate of Mosquito, or to give
up the island of Ruatan, merely in pursuance of an interpre-
tation given by the Government of the United States to a
treaty, which interpretation her Majesty's Government did
not admit, the most usual as well as the most friendly course
to pursue was to refer the meaning of the treaty to the de-
cision of a third Power.

" This offer was made by me to Mr. Buchanan by the
direction of her Majesty's Government; it was several
times renewed and discussed between us. Mr. Crampton
ought, undoubtedly, according to his instructions, to have
communicated to Mr. Marcy, at the time when he received
it, my despatch, of the 10th of November, giving an account
of my conversations with Mr. Buchanan ; but his not
having done so was of little consequence, as Mr. Buchanan
bad often assured me that everything which had passed
between us had been duly reported to his Government. I
am, therefore, at a loss to understand how it happened that
the President should, as stated by Mr. Marcy, have been in-
duced only by certain collateral incidents to infer that arbi.
tration by a third power of the difference between the two
Governments in relation to Central America had been pro-
posed by her Majesty's Government.

"A misconception has, howover, taken place, which is to
be regretted on account of the delay which it has occasioned;
but this has been rendered comparatively unimportant by
the despatch of Mr. Marcy, and the course of proceeding
which he now proposes for the adoption of the two Govern-
ments. Her Majesty's Government, being as solicitous as
the President to preserve unimpaired the friendly relations
of the two countries, are prepared to enter into negotiations
on these matters, with a sincere desire to bring them to a
speedy and satisfactory conclusion.
" Mr. Marcy is correct when he states that Great Britain
lays no claim to any possessions or territory on the Mosquito
Coast, and her Majesty's Government consider now, as they
always have considered, that the future condition of the
Mosquito Indians, for which her Majesty's Government. are
bound in honour to provide, might be assured by direct
negotiation.

It is not contended, and never has been contended, that
the British Government, consistently with the stipulations of
the treaty of 1850, could, in the name of the Mosquito
Indians, take with military force, and hold, San Juan de
Nicaragua, or any other point in Central America ;' and her
Majesty's Government agree with Mr. Marcy that such a pro-
ceeding would be irreconclede with the independence and
neutrality of the Isthmus, and would render the treaty nuga•
tort' to the United States ; but no such pretension has ever
been advanced, and no such proceeding has been contemplated.
" With respect to the district of Belize, her Majesty's Go.
vernment consider that the only question to be determined, as
regards Central America, is that of the boundary between
that country and the British possessions ; and, in the settle
ment of that question, no insurmountable difficulty need be
anticipated.
" With respect to Ruatan and the other Bay Islands, these,
at different periods, have been hold by Great Britain as well
as by Spain, and, having been again occupied by -British set-
tlers, formal possession was taken of Ruatan in 1839 by Jreat
Britain, which has since been uninterruptedly maintained.
The population increased fast, and magistrates were from .ime
to time appointed by the superintendent of Belize until 1852,
when these islands received a regular form of colonial Govern-
ment solely for the purpose of their better internal adminis-
tration ; but Great Britain did not thereby acquire any terri-
torial rights that she did not previously possess.
" The Government of the United States, however, -main-
tain that, even supposing the Clayton-Bulwer T. eaty were
only prospective in its operation, these islands were no part
of the British dominions earlier than 1852.
" If the differences between the two Governments on this
subject cannot be arranged by direct negotiation, there seems
no reason why they might not form the matter f a reference
to a third Power.
" Her Majesty's Government have learned with satisfac-
tion that you are instructed to enter into communication
with me in respect to Central America, in order to ascertain,
in the first place, whether existing differences cannot be
promptly terminated by direct negotiation, and, if they can-
not be so settled, then to discuss the conditions of arbitra•
tion on those points of difference as to which this method of
settlement may be requisite or applicable.
" This is the course which her Majesty's Government has
throughout been willing to adopt ; and I have accordingly

•
GENERAL WILLIAMS AND LORD PALMERSTgNi
Yesterday having been fixed for the delivery of the liar-
Ifoiv speechee, the opportunity 'eves' enahraceeje of inviting
General Sir William Fenwiok. William's of Kars to per-
form the interesiin; ceremony of laying the foundation-
'stone of the chapel of Harrow School, which is intended as
-a memorial to the Harrovians who fell in the late war. ;
General Williams arrived from his hotel in town. in an
open batotiche, with postilions, accompanied by Col. Lake,
Capt. Teesdale, aide-de-camp to the General, and Mr.
Churchill, his secretary. The scene on the 9ntry of the
gallant defender of Kars was one of the greatest enthusi-
asm, the ro ids being lined with the inhabitantiteof Har-
row-and the surrounding neighbourhoods, and in several
places riumplial arches of evergreens, laurels, &0., were
erected
The Rw. Dr. VAUGHAN, the head.mister, took tie
Chair, in the speech-rooen, shortly after 12 o'clock, when
the large room was crowded to excess, chiefly by elegantly
elresse'l ladies; the learned master'eininiediate supporters
including General Williams, Lord Palmerston, Lord John
Russell, Lady Russell, Madame Jenny Lind-Goldschmidt,
&e. Ste., •
After some slight preliminaries the speeches were deli-
vered and prizes awarded. The company then proceeded
to the ground where the foundation-stone was to be laid.
The proceedings commenced with an appropriate prayer
offered up by Dr. Vaughan, after which Sir W. Williams
notified that the mortar was properly spread. The stone,
bearing the following inscription, was then lowered :
" June 26, MDCCQLVI."
The usual tests having been applied, General Williams
declared the stone to be duly laid, amidst reiterated ap-
plause.
Dr. VAUGHAN then delivered a feeling and impressive
address. The ley. doctor then read the names of the Hate
rovians who fell in the late war,-viz.: Major-General Sir
James B. Estcourt. Lieut.-Col. the Hon. T. V. Dawson,
Lieut.-Col. J. B. Pattull, C. 8., Capt. H. Jolliffe, Capt.
Locewood, Capt. Sir R. Newman, Bart., Capt.
Wm. Kent Aller, Captain the Hon. C. W. H. Agar, and
Captain W. H. C. G. Pechell. In conclusion, said' De.
Yaughen, "Their bodies are buried in a far land, but their
names live amongst ns for evermore."
%altered Sir WILLIAM WILLIAMS then came forward,
and was received with great applause. He said—My lords,
la4Ees' and gentlemen, Dr.. Vaughan asked me to come
down here to hear the speeches delivered,- and -I accepted
the invitation, feeling great pleasure in doing so; and I
feel that pleasure the more so now, considering the distin-
guished and talented company I have the honour of ad-
dressing. (Hear, hear.) I subsequently received another
communication pm Dr. Vaughan, requesting me to lay
this, the foundation-stone of the chapel, sea memorial to
those Harrovians who fell in fighting for their country dur-
ing the late war. I wrote back, accepting the invitation, and
geeing that I hoped I should not be doing wrong in bring-
ing with me some of the men of Kars. (Cheers.) In the first
pleas, here is Colonel Lake, a Harrow man—(sheers)—an
officer who did his duty day and night—working by day and
watching by night. (Applause.) Again, here is Captain
Teesdale, my aide-de-camp, who distinguished himself in
every instance during the siege, and on the memorable
11th of September he kept the key of the position for 14
hours. (Applause.) And then here is my secretary, Mr.
Churchill—and laying his hands on that gentleman's.
shoulder, the gallant general said, " Come forward,
Churchill," and drew him forward, he himself appearing
much affected. Mr. Churchill has (continued General
William:), though a civilian, done great good in the ser-
vice of his country. (Applause.) I have tried you collectively
but now I will day a word or two to the Harrow boys I see
around me. It is strange that we all try to be thought well
of after death, and the more we progress the more that
feeling will be spread. Now of the list of names that Dr.
Vaughan has read,to you of those Harrovians who fell
in the war, it was my honour to know two or three..
of them well. Among others, there is Major-General Est.
court, whom I always knew to be one of the best officers;
then there was Captain Pechell, who had title and fortune,
was the only son, and yet he preferred honour and glory
to staying at home to enjoy that; and.after he.had many
times distingeished himself he was offered by his sovereign
to come and join some regiment at home, very likely Her
Majesty's Guards, where he might have enjoyed semi rest.
But no, he pref•-rred to stay where he had gained his lau-
rels. (Cheers.) It in impcs ale to pourtray the gleat forti-
tude and resignation of that noble man, and I feel sure if
there had been two or three sons in that family they would
have been given up to their cauntry. I therefore hope tie t
these examples may be borne lu mind by the Harrow bey&
lam now addressing. (Cheers.) - That they are honoured
after death is not all, but they are cared for during life—
for does not their sovereign pay visits and console the poor
wounded fellows when they are in hospital ? (Hear, hear.)
If they die, they die in glory ; if they live, they live for
honour and reward. (Cheers.) Then, coming to the ques-
tion, I may perhaps be permitted to say that I feel very
glad to think that positions in the army are to be thrown
open to public competition. Of that lam very glad, but •
I must observe that we have not the books to teach those
who are to become candidates I hope the press of this
country w 11 take the matter up, and have the best works'
on the continent translated,for without proper elementary
instruction nothing cao be done. I must also say that if it
is intended to do anything, we must have the help of the
Government. I only came down here to lay this stone, and
having done that, I shall not detain you longer, but I
have one more word to say to my young Harrow friends.
There is such' a thing as death in glory, but the
loss of position is oftentimes felt more severely by the
friends of the soldier. I wish to be properly under-
stood, for it is a fact that an evil word er a thoughtless
axiom male cane the loss of a commission. If a soldier
dies lighting in his country's service, his end is glorious,
but if, through any misconduct on his part, be loses his
position, then nothing but an ignominous fate is open to
general conclueee his speech by thank-
,ftl3l"ibeuss. intillf gallant
theatlention they hid paid him, and the in-
.tte-r est they had evinced in his welfare. -
Three cheers were then given for General Williams,
Captain 'Teesdale, Lord Palmerston, and Dr. Vaughan re-
spectively.
Lord PALMERSTON then said, as an old Harrovian, he
wished to say a few words. The present occasion, lie felt,
was interesting to all concerned, and showed the deep at-
tachment and strong affection of all Harrow men to the
place where they received their education. They were as-
sem bled to do honour to the memory of those Harrow men
who lost their lives in their country's cause, the names of
whom had been read to the meeting. Many of them had
been taken away in the prime of life, 'hut they had not
lived in vain, haying died in a good cause ; and homight
with fairness and truth remark the:there/lever was a more
righteous cause than that for which the Harrow men had
laid down their lives. (Hear, hear.) He trusted the
Harrow boys would not only follow the example set them
by those noble fellows who had fallen in the late war, liut •
also remember the honour and integrity which had
characterised every proceeding of the gallant defender
of Kars. General Williams had modestly referred to
his comrades as the men of Kars; but he (Lord 'Pal-
merston) felt they were entitled to be designated as.
the heroes of Kars. (Hear, hear.) General Williams was
not a Harrow man, but Colonel Lake was, and his lordship
trusted that the boys would always show patience undo;
emergency, which would no doubt earn for them those
laurels which the heroes of Kare bad gained for them-
selves. After some further observations of a general cha-
racter, the noble viscount concluded by urging the Har-
row boys to think well of what General Williams had said
to them, and always endeavour to serve their country to
the utmost of their power.
The whole of the company then proceeded to Dr.
Vaughan's residence, where a banquet was served, at the
conclusion of which the numerous visitors separated.