The Sun.
London, England, 1869-09-11 00:00:00

THE KIRCHIS STEMTS.

Europe knows comparatively little of the wandering
tribes of the Kirghis Steppes, but recent events have
attracted attention to them. They are a nomadic people,
and, though few in number, have hitherto succeeded in
evading all direct control. A small tribute paid yearly to
the Czar, and an undertaking to provide camels for the
transport of troops through their territory were their only
connection with the Government. Last year, however,
the Russian Government seized the idea of consolidating
its territories, and incorporating the several outlying
populations into one, by destroying their distinctive
features. In pursuance of this design, a Steppe Com-
mission was formed to remodel the whole system of
Khirghis life and customs. The wandering tribes were
henceforth to live in villages, the country was to be sub-
divided into communes, and every effort was to be made
to convert the Kirghis from a pastoral to an agricultural
people. The pastoral system. was introduced into the
Steppes, and not only were any infractions of it on the
part of individuals to be severely punished, but a whole
tribe was liable to fine and imprisonment in the event of
changing encampments. The amount of tribute waz
increased, and Russian officials appointed in place of the
native rulers. It is not surprising that the wild tribes,
whose mode of life dates back a thousand years, and who
are accustomed to absolute and unconditional freedom,
should find these restrictions intolerable, and accordingly
we find the Kirghis in open rebellion, and the power of
Russia in Central Asia greatly imperilled.

We recommend to the attention and hearty de-
nunciation of the next National Labour Congress the
following, which we have extracted from the Newspaper
Press :

"'TIE TIMES' AND ITS COMPOSITORS.—Twenty-one of
the printers of the Times having been found guilty at the
Old Bailey Sessions of combination and conspiracy to
raise the rate of wages on the Times were sentenced,
December 11th, 1810, as follows:-Two to be imprisoned
two years in Newgato and pay a fine of one shilling ;
three, eighteen months with a like fine ; three, twelve
months with A like fine; and eleven, nine months and
like line ; the Recorder remarking-, Persons of your de-
scription must I,e taught to feel the effects of that contu-
macy in whidi they presume to wrestle with the laws of
the bold, and to sot up their daring combinations davit
edicts against the good order and well-being of society,
and the interests of honest industry."'

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