The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-28 00:00:00

Tl.ll SUN, LONDON, MONDAY RV ENING, MAY 28, 1860,

THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, MAY 28, 1860.

The annexation of Nice and Savoy to France has
yet to be accomplished. The treaty, of which this
double cession on the part of Sardinia is the most
important provision, has yet to be formally accepted
by the Piedmontese Parliament: Just as the Com-
mercial Treaty negotiated at the Palace of the
Tuileries by our unofficial diplomatist the member
for Rochdale, although signed, sealed, and de-
livered before the commencement of the present
session, had to be yet further authenticated by the
explicit sanction of the Legislature. As a preli-
minary to the momentous division which is to pro-
nounce—with the usual cabalistic yea or nay of all
deliberative assemblies—the fate of the annexation
treaty, an animated discussion has been maintained
during three or four days in the Sardinian Cham-
ber, in which the hopes and fears of Italy have
found expression. A telegram from Northern
Italy may now apprize us at any moment how
the division at the close of the debate
bas decided the vitally important matter at issue.
A considerable majority is looked for by the advo-
cates of the Treaty, or to put the matter in the
plainest possible terms at once by—the Sardinian
Government. Count CAT OUR himself has spoken
and spoken only too comprehensibly. He has de-
clared in so many -words that Savoy and Nice must
be resigned to France by Sardinia, and that there-
fore it may as well be resigned with a good grace.
The Minister f.xils apparently at this moment to
perceive how formidable a precedent this act of
secession will be to the French Government in the
future re-arrangement of the Italian Peninsula !
What has been done in the instance of Nice
may be done later on upon just as good a
plea in the instance of Genoa. As France as acted
in the matter of Savoy, she may act, not a very long
while hence, in the matter of Tuscany. Count
CAVOUR closes his speech, aalid great applause, by
averring that " If the acquisition of Venetia were to
cost a foot of Italian soil he would refuse it !" It
Rounds very chivalrously, and very magnanimous.
But—why, in the name of fortune, did not the same
Minister say precisely the same thing prior to those
other and already accompli,hed acquisitions? Why
did not CAYdurt,at any rate,act during the past few
months as thoughhe had declared quite as distinctly
in the midst of the cheers of the Turin Chamber
If Lombardy were to cost a foot of Italian soil I
wocild refuse it !" Instead of saying which, instead
of doing which he has given up not a foot merely of
Italian soil, but such a number of feet that he has
raildedd, up with the territory itselr, a population
or an Odd million—handing over the Savoyards
and Nizzards (as though they were so many live
cattle) to NAPOLEON, the despotic ruler, from their
'al allegiance to the Coruititutional Sardinian Soya-
reign. But, in mitigation of this act, and in depre-
cation of the blame possibly consequent upon it—
Quoth CAVOUR,--" The passages of the Alps v; ill re-
main with us," adding—" The policy of Italian iE

dependence rendered the treaty necessary." As to
which necessity, however, others may surely be al-
lowed at least to hold a different opinion. Count
CAYOUR conceives, he tells us, that " Since 1848
the policy of concluding an alliance became
expedient." He insists sententiously that the
, Emperor having shown sympathy for Italy, Italy
I must naturally be " attached to France." Surely
—" attached" so far as the sentiment goes. This
is reasonable enough. But—attached literally—
attached to the actual extent of a positive territorial
cession on the one part and annexation on the
other—No ! That, whatever Count CAVOUR may
think or say upon the matter, was neither natural
nor necessary.
Besides —it does not even harmonise with
NAPOLEON'S own programme. It does not ac-
cord with the language of the Milan Proclama-
tion. When reading that famous document people
shrugged their shoulders bewildered, asking each
other " Whether is this man a QUIXOTE or a
MACCHIAVELLI ? " If any were really in doubt
then upon the matter, they know perfectly well
now to which horn of the dilemma of this alterna-
tive they are driven. They are conscious at last
that while France is (as her ruler declares of her)
the only nation of Christendom that makes war for
an " idea"—in the instance of this war in Italy
it turns out in the end a very sordid idea
indeed. 0 you suffering nation—sighs France—
accept an alliance with me, and your emancipation
is accomplished! The same winning call has been
heard before now in that portion of the poultry-
yard sacred to the birds that saved the capital—
" Dilly, dilly, come and be killed." True, it is, the
letter of the bond has been rigidly adhered to and
carried into effect by France. Sardinia has been
I put in possession of Lombardy. But if VICTOR
E3IMANUEL has gained Lombardy and Milan, he
has lost Savoy and Nice. The Irishman's blanket
has again been cut off at one end for the purpose
of lengthening it at
-the other. The Imperial Eman-
cipator of Italy has done precisely what he intended
to do—to begin with. He has got upon the moun-
tain tops of Savoy that standing ground for his
fulcrum sighed for by ARCHIMEDES. So far
as Sardinia is concerned the ball is in a great
measure at the foot of NAPOLEON. It yet remains
to be seen now whether in aspiring to obtain the
whole Italian boot, the warrior-king has not in the
commonest sense of the phrase just simply put his
foot in it. The French Alliance threatens at any
rate to militate seriously against the real interests
of Sardinia. Recent events in connection with that
alliance have shown, anew, the world of wisdom
latent in that little apologue of the Giant and the
Dwarf, related episodically in the " Vicar of Wake-
field," by OLIVER GOLDSMITH. Already—while the
Sardinian Monarch has gained new glory upon the
field of battle as the armed champion of" Italy for the
Italians," and with this accession of glory grasped
too a large amount of booty, of the spoils of conflict—
Lombardy, Parma, Modena, Tuscany, the Romagna,
—has he not even now lost, so to speak an eye in
Nice and an arm in Savoy—may he not yet like
the dwarf in the apologue (unless be break away
betimes from that ruinous partnership with his
friend the giant) lose his other limbs in time, and
then a good share too of his hard earned booty after-
wards ? But—again it is the voice of CAVOUR that
objects and that objects too in the solemn voice of
warning " The state of Italy does not permit us
stop." To stop—in what ? In going further still
in the downward direction of cession after
cession—in the giving up, as the farther
price of this French alliance, of another Nice (say
Genoa), of another Savoy (say Tuscany) ? Count
CAVOUR does not particularise. He simply contents
himself with saying :—" The state of Italy does
not permit to stop —." But he then sums up the
situation thus—" Austria has not recognised the
annexation, and we are threatened on all sides. The
POPE has rejected our overtures, and has opened a
crusade against Italy. We meet, everywhere with
the grave dangers of war. The armaments which
are going on prove it. We cannot, therefore, modify
our policy, which necessitates the maintenance of
an alliance with France. All parties in France not
being favourable to Italy, it was necessary to
satisfy them by ceding Savoy and Nice, us other-
wise the Emperor would have been unable to con-
tinue to manifest his sympathies with us." So that
Savoy and Nice are avowedly and un disguisedly just
a quid pro quo ! It is the price of the French
alliance that Sardinia is required now to pay down
on the nail—the price, that is, just so far. We
may be tolerably certain that after such a feast
as that, " there be pippins and cheese to follow,"
as Sir HUGH EVANS says. The chivalrous aid ac-
corded to Italy through Sardinia turns out thus
clearly after all to be a purely mercantile
transaction. As a mercantile transaction, the
" idea" for which France made war was
a capital idea at bottom. She lost a good many
men, it is true ; but that is, of course, neither here
nor there—for has she not won new glory at the
point of the sword and at the mouth of the cannon ;
and now, still more, has she not gained, at the
point of the pen, Nice and the Nizzards, Savoy
and the Sa.voyards ? There is a good deal
of what we call sharp practice in all
this ; Teat as to the Chivalry, as to the
Magnanimity ! Well, perhaps the less said about
that the better. The striking of the balance of
accounts just now between France and Sardinia
is really in some respects not much unlike the pay-
ment of the black mail levied in the olden time by
the Border marauders.

Mr. BRIGIIr is surprised at the country's show-
ing so little resentment at the vote of the Lords
last Monday. But surely the reasons lie on the
surface. The income-tax is felt by almost every
elector in the kingdom as a real grievance; of the
paper duty, unless told about it, hardly one elector
in fifty knows even the existence; just those who
have to cancel the excise labels know of it, and the
general public does not feel the burden at all.
When, therefore, as a gratuitous supplement to all
the hazards to the revenue of the French treaty,
the Government added the abolition of the unfelt
paper duties, and that by the imposition of an ad-
ditional load of the hated income-tax, they took
the
_very way to make the repeal of the duty
.worsg than a matter ,:of indifference, there was a
general feeling—we had rather the duty had re-
mained on till it could be abolished without the im-
position of a fresh and more annoying burden,
Nor is this all—war duties on tea and sugar yet
remain. This is now understood by every old
washer-woman, and by every female head of a
household throughout the country. In their chat
on the matter over the tea-table, who can doubt that
the mistress of a faMily, whose husband is taxed
under schedule 1), or, indeed, under any schedule,
if the income be limited, reasons thus with her
spouse--" eight shillinE,ro and fourpence for each
hundred pou'uds of our income—hem ! Multiply
that by two, three, four, as the case may be, it comes
to something ; I had rather that money were spent
in. paying for a little more tea or sugar, or both,
we older ones could relish a little stronger cup of
our evening beverage, and our children and servants
are never tired of sugar. As to paper, I don't care
a farthing about it. I should not save a penny a
year on that!'

It is tha Government itself, then, which has put

the question of repeal in a false position, in the first
instance ; and the repealers themselves by attempt-
ing to bully the Lords, in the second. It is remark-
able that so little is the burden of the paper duty
felt, that even the cry that we have bought its
repeal by the penny additional of income-tax, does
not tell. The vast majority reason that the penny
they must, indeed, pay; but even if the three half-
pence per lb. duty be abolished, they shall not feel the
difference, while next year, through want of it,
perhaps Mr. GLADSTONE will demand his favourite
five per cent. income tax ! So far as our own social
intercourse extends, and as the information from
casual conversation with strangers goes, not to
speak of direct communications from the more
politically minded who address themselves to
editors, there is a kind of common-sense judgment
that the Lords have done, financially, the right
thing. The rejection of a money bill is felt to be a
startling deviation from what had been supposed to
be settled practice; but, again, it is asked, why did
the Commons provoke them to it ?
We certainly had thought, at first, that the new
course taken by the Lords would have aroused the
warmer Liberals more generally than it has done.
It seems, however, that the calm tone of the Go-
verment has communicated itself to the country. It
is but small knots of Reformers who here and there
pass strong resolutions. The cheap Press is, indeed,
terrifically loud—almost savage in its language.
This, however, is but natural. We tried to ascer-
tain, as carefully as we could, the amount of duty
probably paid by the greater part—not the whole
—of the penny daily and weekly literature of the
present time in London alone, and we made out
nearly £lOO,OOO per annum ! The penny daily
journal, which on account of its rather unpopular
principles has the smallest circulation, would gain
not less than £6,000 a year by the repeal of the duty.
The most popular, much more than double that sum;
men must be more than human if, with such pecu-
niary inducements before them, they did not make
their voice heard for repeal.

Of course we do not mean to insinuate
that they are not quite as patriotic as the
rest of us, and very clearly see the con-
nection between the nation's interests and their
own, and that the former have their full weight
with our low-priced contemporaries. It seems,
however, to be the fact that, but for the publishers
and patrons of penny literature, in London and the
country, we should, just now, have hardly a de-
mand for the repeal of the duty. Excise taxes are
disliked, and this one interferes doubtless with trade,
and yet neither the public nor the trade make any
effort for its repeal. The kernel of the agitation
is, we believe, the single class of persons to whom
we have adverted. It certainly is most remarkable,
that when it is proposed to repeal a tax on an
article which is in every ones hands, there is no
general movement in support of the repeal—still
more so, that the people seem disposed to acquiesce
in the Lords' refusal of what their representatives
had given up. It is plain that our low-priced
contemporaries must wait till a real surplus
of revenue can be shown. Many may think
a penny newspaper a very good thing,
but all know a penny more income tax to be a
very, very, bad thing. When Mr. GLADSTONE
fulfils his promise of abolishing the income-tax
then and not till then, can we cordially agree to
the abolition of a tax which presses so lightly on
the people as the duty on paper.

THE COURT.—Her Majesty and his Royal High-
ness the Prince Consort, with the youthful members of the
Royal family, propose to le6.ye Osborne on Wednesday
next, for Buckingham Palace. The Queen and Court will
remain three days in town, and then remove to Windsor
Castle for the Ascot races, during which her Majesty will
entertain a succession of distinguished guests at the Castle.

The Right Hon. B. Disraeli and Mrs. Disraeli
have left Grosvenor-gate for Hughenden Manor, Bucks.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam•
bridge and the Princess Mary left St. James's Palace, on
Saturday, for Cambridge Cottage, Kew, for the holidays.
The duchess and princess will return to town on Thursday.
The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland left
Northumberland House on Saturday, for Sion House,
Isleworth.

The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland left Staf-
ford House, St. James's, on Saturday, for Cliefden House,
near Maidenhead, for the holidays.

The Duke of Argyll left Campden Hill, on Satur-
day, for Inverary Castle, N.B. The duchess, accompa-
nied by her youthful family, has gone on a visit to the
Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, at Cliefden Park, near
Maidenhead.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Cholmoncleley
left town, on Saturday, for Westbrook Park, on a visit to
the Hon. Granville and Lady Georgiana Ryder.

His Excellency the Earl of Carlisle, who has
been staying some weeks w.th the Duke and Duchess of
Sutherland, at Stafford House, St. James's, left town on
Saturday, for Dublin Castle.

Lord and Lady Lyndhurst and the Hon. Miss
Copley left town on Saturday, on a visit to Mr. G. G.
Harcourt, M.P ~ and Frances Countess Waldegrave, at
Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, where a distinguished circle
have assembled.

Captain Jolliffe, the member for Wells, and
the Hon. Mrs. Jolliffe are:passing the Whitsun recess with
their relation:at Ammerdown Park, in Somersetshire.

A letter dated Vienna, May 23, says,—There is
a rumour in circulation that Austria will render assistance
to the King of Naples, but it is almost impossible to believe
that she can seriously thiak of taking a step which would
probably lead to a renewal of her quarrel with France.
The Queen has ordered a Conge d'Elire for the
election of the present Bishop of Carlisle (Dr. Villiers) to
the see of Durham, vacant by the translation of Dr. Lon-
ley to the Archbishopric of York.
THE LATE MR. ALBERT SMITH.—The remains of
Mr. Albert Smith were interred at Brompton Cemetery on
Saturday. The funeral of the plainest description, Mr.
Smith having expressed a wish in his will that the expenses
connected with it should not exceed £2O. The body was
followed by his brdther, Mr. Arthur Smith; by his wife's
father, Mr. Robert Keeley ; and by his executor, Mr.
Arthur Barlow. It was buried in the grave in which his-
late father wass interred three years since.
On 'Thursday evening the Academicians met in
Tr tfalgar square to elect a full member of their body. The
choice fell upon Mr. Augustus Egg. Mr. Boxall run close
upon the successful candidate in the preliminary scratching,
but in the final vote Mr. Egg came in by a majority of five.
THE CATTLE TRADE.—NORWICH, May 2G.—At
to-day's market there was a very considerable number of
cattle, and, the supply of keep being now good, a largo
business was done and a clearance was nearly effected, with
an, upward tendency in prices.• The same remark applies
to sheep, but the clearance was not so complete.
THE NAVY.—A return of the number of men
which would be required to provide the established or esti-
mated complements for the whole of the steam vessels afloat,
building, and converting, states that for our 59 ships of the
line we should require in all 50,620 men; for 43 frigates
20,0.50; for 9 blockshipe, 5,535; for 4 iron-eased ships,
1,900 ; for 21 corvettes, 6,690 ; for 95 sloops' 13.515 ; for 27
smaller batteries, 1,987; far 192 gunboats, 8,083; for 8
floating batteries, 1,680; for 61 transports, tenders, Sec.,
2,804 ; and for 4 mortar vessels, 840. In all, the totanum-
her of men required would be 112,742 ; or 95,813 officers and
seamen, and 16,929 marines.
FIRE ON BOARD A STEAMSHIP AT BERMONDSEY.
—A fire of a most alarming character broke out on Satur •
day night on board the steamship Gannet, Captain Ingram,
belonging to Me-ssrs. Robinson, of 61, Mark-lane, lying off
East-lane, Bermondsey. In a short time the flames com-
pletely enveloped the engine-room, and thence extended to
the middle hold, filled with rum, cork, and oils, and it was
not until the engine-rooms, the middle hold, and upper
deck were nearly burnt out, the costly machinery damaged
by fire pnd water, and the rigging of the mainmast burnt,
that the fire could be got under. The origin of the fire is
not 'precisely known, but it is generally supposed to have
arisen from overheat in the stokehole.
A FALSE ONE.—The following instance of
feminine deceit is causing a deal of gossip in Cambridge ;
we forbear, however to mention names. Mr. ---,
tradesman 9f Caenbridge, was betrothed to a young lady,
Miss S., of F--, a neighbouring village, and Tuesday
week was the appointed " happy day." The calve
ncaiiceviwteas,stehnet
home, the furniture all supplied, the guests
clergyman " spoken to," the flies for the bridal party hired,
and the gentleman had sent two rings to the fair ono for
selection. Two days prior to the Tuesday, however, he
received a letter from his lady love, stating that the mar-
riage must be deferred for a few days, under circumstances
which she would expinin. On the following Wednesday
(the day after that fixed for the great event) the bridegroom
expectant received the. following note :—" London, May.
Mrs. M. (late Miss S.) presents her compliments to Mr. 8.,
and begs to inform him that she was married this morning
(Tuesday) in London. All presents will be duly returned."
This precious specimen of female delicacy finished with
" Yours faithfully," &c. It appears that the bride has
b en engaged for five years, and the jilt had really been
trifling with the affections of a young, confiding, and
worthy man. To add to the beartlessnes of the affair the
husband brought to Cambridge ono of the rings sent. to
hive it changed for one a little smaller,—cambridge inde-
,endant, .

LATEST NEW S.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Renter's office :

NAPLES, May 25.

Garibaldi's troops are six macs distant from Pa-
lermo, and occupy the heights surrounding it. An
engagement has taken place, but without a definite
result. The insurgents have maintained their posi-
tions, and the Royal troops have entered Palermo.
Several Neapolitan vessels of war have arrived
before Palermo, and a bombardment was feared
should a rising take place in the city.

MAY 26.

mien."

without wishing to overthrow the Ministry, he
should vote against the treaty, in order that
Nice might fall under Italian rule. He also
said, " Nice is embodied in one man, and that
is Garibaldi. Can it be said, then, that Nice
is not Italian P " Deputy Ferrari said, " France
is with us, because her mission is against the
Treaty of Vienna. Napoleon represents both abso-
lutism and revolution. He desires to oppose the
treaty of 1815, with us, but the policy of Count
Cavour compromises Italy. The cession of Savoy
and Nice is a mistake. Do not let us be ungrateful
to Napoleon, but let us not give away our lands'
Our alliance with France is the alliance of the weak
with the strong. The House of Savoy should adopt
a revoluntionary policy, and reform its laws."
Deputy Ferrari announced that he would vote
against the treaty.

TURIN, MAY 28.

In yesterday's discussion on the treaty of ces-
sion, Signor Borelwa said, "Piedmont fought in
the Crimea to acquire the right of addressing the
Powers in favour of Italy. After that, in order
to drive back Austria, it was necessary for us to
ally ourselves to France, and to grant an aggran-
disement to the latter as a compensation. Grati-
tude shonkl attach us to the Emperor, for none of
the preceding dynasties of the last half century
have afforded us any assistance. Let us then vote
in favour of the treaty, and not create new ene

Signor Chiaves sought to prove that Nice was
Italian, and said, " Universal suffrage is not appli-
cable to our nationality." He however submitted
to necessity, and should vote for the treaty.
Signer Boggio defended the treaty, and pointed
out the advantages of an alliance with France,
declaring also that he should vote in favour of the
treaty.

The Pays states that the discussion on the treaty
of Savoy and Nice continues to-day in the Sar-
dinian Chamber of Deputies, and that the treaty
will be adopted by a very great majority.

GENEVA, MAY 26.

The Federal Council will to-morrow forward a
Note refuting the arguments contained in M. Thou-
venel's despatches of the ith and 16th ultimo.

The Federal Council maintains the actual
validity of the treaties, and shows that the neu-
trality of Switzerland by no means depends on the
consideration and goodwill of the Powers.
The Federal Council has, under conditions of
reciprocity, proposed to the Cabinet of Turin to
apply to the Italian territories annexed to Sardinia
the treaties of commerce, extradition, and other in-
ternational conventions existing between S
land and the former Sardinian kingdom.

MADRID, MAY 25.
Senor Marinez de la Rosa has been elected
President of the Cortes.

GARIBALDI'S EXPEDITION.
GENOA, MAY 24.

What may be considered the first official bul-
letin of the Sicilian insurgents has reached us, and
is now being eagerly read in every cafe in Genoa.
The document runs as follows :

Garibaldi is among us accompanied by 3,000
volunteers, a half of which belong to those caccia-
tri defile Alpi, before whom the Austrians fled at
Como. Their avant garde has reached Salemi. The
troops of Trapani and Agrigento have already fra-
ternised with our soldiers. Let us hope other regi-
ments will soon follow their example, so that a war
of brothers may be spared us. Wherever Garibaldi
goes he is the object of the most enthusiastic
ovations, and men are swelling the ranks of his
band. Of the 20,000 muskets he had with him
not one has been left idle. Ten rifle guns follow
him, and the generals who accompany him are
Mezzacapo and Medici—glorious names of the last
Italian war. To these names others of generous
Sicilian citizens must be added, and amongst them
those of Carini, Castiglia, Cordova, La Masa, Far-
della, Orsini.
We are confidently awaiting orders from Gari-
baldi for our future military operations. He who
could act otherwise would be proclaimed traitor to
the country.

Long live Italy ! Long live Victor Emmanuel
Long live Garibaldi ! THE COMMITTEE.
Palermo, May 15, 1860.

The above bulletin contains a few errors, for
Gen. Mezzacapo and Col. Medici are not with Gari-
baldi: the former is at Ferrara and the latter is
here, waiting an opportuning of sailing from one or
other of the Mediterranean ports with a second ex-
pedition. The misunderstanding which had broken
out between the Sicilian committees of La Farina
and Bertani has been removed by Col. Medici, who
has thought proper to publish the following letter,
written by Garibaldi two hours before his depar-
ture from this city :
Dear Medici,—lt is better yon should remain :
you may be more useful here. Bertani, La Farina,
and the direction of the million muskets' subscrip-
tion, residing at Milan, will on the presentation of
this letter furnish you with the means you may re-
quire. GARIBALDI.
Genoa, May 8.

From this letter it clearly appears that Garibaldi
did not intend to give exclusive management to
ei!her of these patriots, but meant that they should
act together in collecting and furnishing the funds
raised by public subscription. Austria is assem•
blind her battalions beyond the Po, and assuming
a threatening attitude towards Central Italy. It is
now positively stated that the chivalrous Duke of
Modena has established his headquarters at Ostiglia,
and that an army of 30,000 Austrians is collected
in that tract of land known as the Mantuan dis-
tricts. If Austria has been induced to make such
a move, it is quite evident she is plotting mischief
against the newly annexed provinces. The friends
of Garibaldi disclaim any responsibility for Colonel
Zambianchi's invasion ; for, though he intended to
cross the Roman States in order to make his way to
the Abruzzi, he did so against the intentions of the
General,

The following official bulletin was issued by the
Insurrectional Committee of Palermo two days
later than the one contained in our correspondent's
letter :

The invincible Garibaldi, whom the mendacious
Government does not dare to name in its procla-
mation, has destroyed one of the enemy's columns,
4,000 strong, between Calataflmi and Alcamo. Our
bands have pursued 1,000 flying soldiers. Many,
were dispersed, and a great number taken pri-
soners. A fresh detachment of our brave de-
fenders has landed at Santo Stefano di Camastra.
Luigi Saporta, the young man who has suffered
so much for and deserved so well of his country
occupies Termini. The Royal troops are shut
up in the fort, from which they make
a useless cannonade. They were again de-
feated yesterday at Robuttone, near 11 Parco.
An ineffable joy and enthusiasm reigns everywhere
amongst us. Armed bands, well organised and
bearing our hero's flag, flock in from all sides. Fur-
thermore, the voice of a generous pardon has
touched the heart of even Maniscalco's sbirri. The
formidable inspector of police, Franeesch di. Ferro
(it is at his own request that we publish his name),
has placed himself under the protection of the com•
mittee. Others promise to surrender. We shall
publish their names hereafter. Citizens, continue
to be true to yourselves. The victory will be yours,
but you must show yourselves worthy of it.
`ire l'ltalie! Vive Victor Emmanuel ! Vive
Garibaldi! THE COMMITTEE.
Palermo, May 17.

The Opinion Aationale, on the strength of a
private despatch from Turin, confirms the news
that up to the 21th Colonel Nino•Bixio was
neither killed, wounded, nor taken prisoner ; it
adds :—" The obstinacy with which the Neapolitan
Government has circulated the report of his death
is to us the best praise that could be given to this
brave officer, whose capacity, abnegation, and cour-
age well deserve this involuntary testimony to his
worth from his most implacable enemy."
A Palermo letter of May 18 says that when Gen.

Landi's defeated troops returned to Palermo they
publicly sold the jewels and other valuables which
they had pillaged. It adds, that since the 14th the
official journal of Palermo has ceased to appear ; its
editor, the Chevalier Ventimiglia, had left for
Naples.
The following is an extract from a private letter,
dated from the neighbourhood of Messina, May
20:—" The Sicilian army destroyed 4,000 Neapo-
litan soldiers between Calatafimi and Alcarno, 50
miles distant from Palermo—defeating them com-
pletely. The few who made their escape, after
running a long way, dispersed with great rapi-
dity. Therefore I expect that the taking of Pa-
lermo will soon be heard of; but I foresee that
rivers of blood will be shed. A great catastrophe
is apprehended in Messina, the general of that city
having the villainous intention of giving it up to
sack and of setting fire to it. Excuse my writing
on such bad paper, but what's to be done in such a
place P To-morrow I will risk going in the city,
which at present foreigners seldom enter, keeping
themselves ready to make their exit and go on
board ship."
At Messina and Catania, on the 20th May, order
was maintained, but ever 3 thing was ripe for an
outbreak in case Garibaldi succeeds in entering
Palermo, of which there was scarcely a doubt.
The last accounts left him marching upon Mon-
reale, where the Royalists had concentrated
their forces, including the garrison of Palermo, and
where he was looked for on the 22d. His force
was then estimated at 15,000, but, according to a
report which had reached Messina, it is said to have
been subsequently swelled to 40,000. According
to an intercepted despatch from the General com-
manding the Royal Forces at Alcamo, these, out of
5,000, lost 2,300 in killed, and of the wounded no
mention is made, for, as the insurgents have " No
quarter !" for their war-cry, this column in the re-
turns is unnecessary.
The Assurance steam gunboat was under orders
to leave Malta for Marsala on the 23d, on which
day the Cressy, St Jean d'Acre, London, and Re-
nown were cruising between Sicily and Malta.
A letter from Messina of the 19th, in the .siecle,
PARIS, MAY 27. saYs:—

" The news brought by the English steamer
Corinthian, which left Palermo yesterday evening,
differs entirely from that given by the Neapolitan
Government in two despatches, which announce
the complete defeat of Garibaldi and of his filibus-
ters. The battle fought at Calata Fimi was a dis-
aster for the Neapolitan colum❑ sent against the
insurgents. That force, composed of between 4,000
and 5,00 men, is said to have lost in the affair of
the 16th its cannon and baggage, and to have had
a great number of killed and wounded. The men
were pursued with the greatest vigour, and their
retreat, when near Alcamo, became a complete
rout, and the scattered remnants of the force fled by
the' Partinico road to Palermo. On the 17th
only about 975 of the fugitives had re-entered
Palermo, and several of them afterwards died
from fatigue on reaching their quarters. The
Neapolitan Colonel Donato, who was taken prisoner
on the 16th at Calata F;mi, is said to have died
there on the following day. The greater part of
the Neapolitan column being dispersed, and wan-
dering about without shelter and without food in
a revolted country, cannot fail to fall into the hands
of the insurgents, by whom they will be treated
with humanity."
The Independance makes the following obser-
vations on Garibaldi's probable line of operations :
"It appears doubtful to us that on landing at
Marsala he had the intention of taking Palermo
immediately. His interest was sin, ply to organise
a guerilla warfare, the only one suited to the na-
ture of the forces at his disposal. Without ca-
valry and artillery he could not keep in the open
field against regular troops, much less take pos-
session of a large city, where he would be contin-
ually under the cannon of the forts and of the
Neapolitan ships of war. What is probable in
this state of things is, that Garibaldi, making him-
self master of the defiles of Calatafimi, and led
away by the enthusiasm of the people, threw out
strong reconnaissances in the direction of Mont•
reale, in order to feel the pulse of the enemy.
These movements led to encounters more or less
favourable to one of the two parties, and which
were transformed by the Neapolitan Government
into grand victories. Their issue will, however,
change nothing in the plans of Gaiibaldi, whose
object will be to isolate Palermo, cut off its com-
munication with Messina, and thus oblige the gar-
rison to surrender without a combat.
A letter has been received in the City from Mar-
sala, in which the writer mentions that he had just
had a long talk with Garibaldi.