The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-19 00:00:00

ITALY.

The following is the correspondence exchanged
between Count Cavour and Cardinal Antonelli pre-
viously to the invasion of the Roman States by the
Sardinian troops. The Piedmontese Minister's
letter to the Cardinal is thus worded :

" TURIN, Sept. 7.

" Eminence,—The Government of his Majesty the King
of Sardinia could not without serious regret see the forma-
tion and existence of the bodies of foreign mercenary troops
in the pay of the Pontifical Government. The organisation
of such corps not consisting, as in all civilised Governments,
of citizens of the country, but of men of all languages, na-
tions, and religions, deeply offends the public conscience of
Italy and Europe. The want of discipline inherent to such
troops, the inconsiderate conduct of their chiefs, the irri-
tating menaces with which they pompously fill their pro-
clamations, excite and maintain a highly dangerous ferment.
The painful recollection of the massacre and pillage of
Perugia is still alive among the inhabitants of the Marches
and Umbria. This state of things, dangerous in itself, be-
came still more so after the facts which have taken place
in Sicily and in the kingdom of Naples. The presence of
foreign troops, which insults the national feeling, and pre-
vents the manifestation of the wishes of the people, will in-
fallibly cause the extension of the movement to the neigh-
bouring provinces. The intimate connection which exists be-
tween the inhabitants of the Marches and U mbria, and those
of the provinces annexed to the States of the King, and rea-
sons of order and security in his own territory, lay his Ma-
jesty's Government under the necessity of applying, as far
as is in its power, an immediate remedy to such evils. Victor
Emmanuel's conscience does not permit him to remain a
passive spectator of the bloody repression with which the
arms of the foreign mercenaries would extinguish every
manifestation of national feeling in Italian blood. No Go-
♦ernment has the right of abandoning to the will and plea-
sure of a horde of soldiers of fortune the property, the
honour, and lives of the inhabitants of a civilised country.
"For these reasons, after having applied to H.M. the
King, my august Sovereign, for his orders, I have the
honcur of signifying to your Eminence that the King's
troops are charged to prevent, in the name of the rights of
humanity, the Pontifical mercenary corps from repressing
by violence the expression of the sentiments of the people
of the Marches and Umbria. I have, moreover, the honour
to invite your Excellency, for the reasons above explained,
to give immediate orders for the disbanding and dissolving
of those corps, the existence of which is a menace to the
peace of Italy. . .

"Trusting that your Eminence will immediately com-
municate to me the measures taken by the Government of
his Holiness in the matter, I have the honour of renewing
to your Eminence the expression of my high considera-
tion. " CAVOUR."

The fallowing is the reply sent by Cardinal
Antonelli to the letter just given :-
6, Rome, 11th Sept.

" Excellency,—Without taking into account the manner
in which your Excellency has thought proper to have your
letter of the 7th inst. conveyed to me, I have directed my
whole attention calmly upon the subject you lay before me
in the name of your Sovereign, and I cannot conceal from
you that it has cost me an extraordinary offort_to do so.

The new principles of public law which you lay down in
your letter would be indeed sufficient to dispense me from I
giving any answer at all, they being so contrary to those
which have constantly been acknowledged by all Govern-
ments and nations. Nevertheless, feeling deeply the incul-
pations cast upon the Government of his Holiness, I cannot
refrain from at once noticing the blame, as odious as it is
unfounded and unjust, pronounced against the troops be-
longing to the Pontifical Government ; and I must add that
I find the pretension of denying the right, belonging to the
Pontifical Government as well as to any other, of having
foreign troops in its service, utterly unjustifiable. In fact,
many Governments of Europe have foreign troops in their
pay. On that subject it may be expedient to observe that,
owing to the character with which the Sovereign Pontiff is
invested as the common father of all believers, he ought to
be less subject to criticism than any other for receiving in
the ranks of his troops all who come and offer themselves
from the various parts of the Catholic world, for the de-
fence of the Holy See, and of the States of the Church.
" Nothing is more false or more insulting than to attri-
bute to the Pontifical troops the disorders which have taken
place in the States of the Holy See. There is no necessity
for asking, for history has already enregistered whence
came the troops who have violently constrained the will of
the people, and the artifices which have been made use
of for throwing into perturbation the greater part of Italy,
and ruining all that was most sacred both in right and in
justice.

" As to the consequences which it has been sought to
make weigh on the legitimate action of the troops of the
Holy See, to put down the rebellion of Perugia, it would
truly be more logical to throw that responsibility on those
who, from abroad, have excited the revolt ; and you know
perfectly well, Monsieur le Comte, where that outbreak
was concerted, whence were :derived money, arms, and
means of all kinds, and from whence instructions and
orders were sent to the insurgents.

" There is consequently reason for representing as
calumnious all that has been said by a party hostile to the
Government of the Holy See, as to the oonduct of its

troops, and for declaring that the imputations cast on their
chiefs by the authors of proclamations of a nature to excite
dangerous fermentations are not less. Your excellency
concludes your painful despatch by inviting me in the name
of your Sovereign to immediately order the disarming and
disbanding of the said troor s. This invitation was accom-
panied by a sort of menace on the part of Piedmont, in case
of refusal, to prevent the action of the said troops by means
of the royal troops.
" This involves a quasi-injunction which I willingly ab-
stain from qualifying. The Holy See could only repel it
with indignation, strong in its legitimate rights, and ap-
pealing to the law of nature under the mgis of which
Europe has hitherto lived, whatever violence the Holy
See may be exposed to suffer, without having provoked it,
and against which it is my duty now toprotest energetie,ally
in the name of his Holiness. With sentiments of conside
ration, I am, &c.,
" Rome, 11th Sept.

G. CARDINAL ANTONELLI."

At the same time that the letter"of Count Cavour
was presented, General Fanti, Minister of War of
his Sardinian Majesty, sent another to General de
Lamoriciere, commander-in-chief of the Pontifical
troops, couched in the following terms :
" AREzzo, Sept. 9.—Excellency, H. M. King Victor
Emmanuel 11., who is so deeply interested in the happiness
of Italy, is greatly pre-occupied with the events which have
taken place in the provinces of the Marches and Umbria.
H. M. does not ignore that any manifestation of a national
character near the southern frontier of his kingdom, which
might be repressed by foreign troops not having between
them any tie of nationality, would inevitably produce a fatal
contre-coup in all his States. In consequence of these grave
considerations his Majesty has ordered a concentration of
troops on the frontiers of the Marches and of Umbria, and
has done me the honour to confide to me the superior com-
mand of them. He has at the same time ordered me to
make known to your Excellency that these troops will, as
quickly as possible, occupy the Marches and Umbria under
the following circumstances :
" 1. If the troops under your orders were to employ force
to repress a national manifestation in any town of the
Marches and Umbria. 2. If the troops of which you have
the command were to receive orders to march on a town
in the same Pontifical provinces whenever a demon-
stration of a national character may take place. 3.
If a national manifestation were to take place in a town,
and be put down by your troops, the latter were not to be
immediately ordered away by you, so as to leave the town
free to express its wishes.
" No one better than your Excellency can understand
how the national feeling must revolt before foreign oppres-
sion ; and I feel confident that, by frankly and immediately
accepting the propositions which I have just made to you
in the name of the King's Government, you will spare the
protection of our arms to those provinces of Italy and the
disastrous consequences which may result from it.—Accept,
Excellency, &c., " FA.NTI."

HOLLAND.
OPENING OF THE SESSION.

At one o'clock on Monday the King of Holland,
accompanied by the Princes of his household,
opened the Legislative Session, at the Hague, with
the following speech :
Gentlemen,—lt is again granted to me to open your ses-
sion with a feeling of gratitude to Divine Providence.
Under His protection our dear country maintains that
rank which is assigned to it amongst other States.
Our relations with all the Powers are based upon a reci-
procal friendship.
Our land and sea forces continue to be placed in a posi-
tion more and more to fulfil the obligations which are
posed on them. The means which, by your co-operation,
have been allowed for the defences of the country are em-
ployed with circumspection. For a tong time the neces-
sity has been felt of establishing new legal provisions re.
garding the obligation of the inhabitants to bear arms for
the maintenance of the independence of the State. A pro.
ject regulating the strength and the organisation of the
national militia will be immediately presented for your con-
sideration.

The sanitary condition of the inhabitants is improved,
My desire is, that the projects of law which will be sub-
mitted to you relative to the exercise of the medical art
may be found to act efficaciously.
There have been improvements in the sciences, lettres,
and beaux arts.

Notwithstanding the incessant rains, so prejudicial to
the existing crops, the harvest in general has not been less
abundant.

In the naval construction there is no appearance of a very
great activity, and the situation of armatturs has not im-
proved. On the other hand, the results of the great fishery
have been more favourable.

Commerce, although somewhat constrained in its move •
ments by the uneasiness which reigns in Europe, gives
nevertheless, rather satisfactory results. A very great
activity has been observed also in the usines and fabriques.
I• continue to dedicate my entire solicitude to objects of the
highest interest to the country, as well as to all thwe which
have relation to communications as much interior as inter-
national.

You will soon have to consider a simplified customs tariff,
by which I hope that the formalities which still exist in re-
gard to transit will disappear.
Immediately after the promulgation of the law upon the
establishment of railways, the preparatory works relating
to them were commenced. The telegraphic wires have been
extended. The north of Holland is connected with Fries-
land by a submarine cable.
The favourable situation of the Treasury enables me to
present to you shortly a project for the establishment of
new maritime routes to connect Amsterdam aid Rotterdam
with the North Sea.

The product of the ways and means, so far as it may be
compared with that of anterior services, may be considered
as very satisfactory.
The situation of our possessions abroad is, according to
every report, satisfactory. By the courage and perseverance
of our land and sea forces the submission of Boni is accom-
plished, and the kingdom of Bangermassig is placed under
our direct administration. The increase of the population
and the prosperous condition of the Netherlandaise Indies
still confer great advantages upon the mother country ; but
a coniflerable portion of which is dedicated in such a man-
ner that we may reasonably hope_for greater developments
still in those countries.

That happy influence is being obtained, we may hope,
by the improvement in the communications in the Indian
Archipelago, which we have taken care to augment and to
render more speedy, and to secure the navigation by a bet-
ter system of lighthouses on the coasts. New establish-
ments of public instruction and a marked improvement in
communications by land are not wanting in contributing
powerfully to such results.
A modified projet de loi for the suppression of slavery in
our West Indian colonies will be again presented 'to you for
your consideration. There are other objects still, gentlemen,
which are not of a less importance in regard to which I shall
have to invoke your co-operation. But the safety of the
country depends not upon our common accord alone. May
the Almighty grant it.

I declare open the ordinary session of the Etats General's.

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY MORNING.

The United States steamer Vanderbilt, Captain
Lefebre, from New York on the Bth inst., has ar-
rived off the Needles.

LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY.

The Montreal Ocean Company's steamer Nova
Scotian, which touched at Londonderry yesterday,
on entering the Mersey at 1 o'clock this morning,
went ashore in Bootle Bay, where she still remains.
She is being lightened.

Count IVimpffen is acting as charge d'affaires
during the temporary absence of his Excellency Count
Apponyi.