The Sun.
London, England, 1860-04-07 00:00:00

TILE PAPA £ EXCOMMUNICA2ION.

" Qui s'excuse s'accuse." There is clearly an
uneasy feeling in Paris lest it should be thought
among the mass of the rural population that the
Emperor Napoleon is comprised in the excommu-
nication or censure which has been promulgated at
Rome. The note in the Moniteur some days back,
warning the public that no Papal bulls, rescripts,
briefs, &c., could be introduced into France without
an infraction of the organic laws of the Concordat ;
the dogging by a police emissary of M. Louis
Veuillot's footsteps during his journey to Rome, his
stay there, and his return to Paris ; and the elabo-
rate articles in this day's Constitittionnel, signed, it
is true, by M. Grandguillot, but most probably fur-
nished by authority, all indicate nervousness on the
subject, as well as an earnest desire to remove any
impression unfavourable to the Imperial Govern-
ment. It is true that French soldiers did not invade
the Romagna, and that no portion of the Pontifical
States has been annexed to France. But is it true
that France has had no part, direct or indirect, in
the act ? Is it true that there has been no partici-
pation, morally or materially, in it ? Is it denied
that the annexation of Savoy to France has been
a consequence of the annexation of the Romagna
to Piedmont, and was projected from the begin-
ning ? Who wrote the pamphlet Le Pape et
le onares. fiercely denounced by the Pope as a
tissue of sophistry and hypocrisy : If you luuk at
the map of the Europe of 1860, which was thrown
out as a feeler in 1858, and, when the public mind
got used to the discussion of the contemplated
changes, was suddenly withrawn from public
sight, you will find that the portion of the Roman
States, the annexation of which has drawn forth the
censures of the Vatican, is laid down as forming
part of the projected Italian kingdom. So, to be
sure, is Venetia; but if the eagles did not sweep
over the waters of the Adriatic, it was not for want
of good will on the part of those Imperial birds. It
is true, as the Constitutionnel remarks, that the
French army is still at Rome to protect the Pope.
But the city of Rome was reserved for the Pope by
the programme traced in the pamphlet. The Im-
perial Government probably cares very little about
Papal excommunications or censures; but there is
clearly great anxiety to show to the French clergy
and the provinces that it is not touched by them.
It is not forgotten that the object for which Prince
Napoleon's cores d'arinee went to Italy was to force
the Austrians to evacuate the Romagna ; and the
evacuation of the Romagna was followed by the
revolt of those provinces. The Prince, indeed, con-
gratulates himself on having by that manoeuvre
contributed to the success of the campaign. If
this be not " abetting, promoting, inducing," &c.,
it is hard to say what is. Talking of excommuni-
cation, I may observe that the one given by the
Siecle some days back, and which may have been
copied from " Tristram Shandy," was not the in-
vention of Sterne, but was no doubt taken by him
from Etienne Baluze, who published at the close of
the 1 ith century his " Capitulaires," in a volume of
which I have just read the formula in question,
under the hi ad of " Formulae ve tares cxorcismorum
et excommunicationum."—Letterfrom Paris.

M. Carvalho has resigned his functions as director
of the Theatre •Lyrique, and M. Bety has been nominated
to the vacant place.
M. E•nmanuel Arago, who in 1848 was commis-
sioner extraordinary of the Republic at Lyons and after-
wards representative of the people in the Constituent As-
sembly, has resumed the exercise of the profession of advo-
cate at the liar of Paris, which he has ceased to follow since

PROTEST OF THE DUCHESS OF

PARMA.

The following text of the protest of the Duchess
of Parma has been received at Mr. Reuter's
office :

" We, Louisa Maria of Bourbon, Regent of the
States of Parma, in the name of Duke Robert
I. :

"In presence of the facts which have just been
accomplished in the States of Duke Robert 1., our
well beloved son, and in particular in presence of
the pretended popular wishes issued illegally 00
the 11th and 12th of March inst. ; and of the usur-
pation of the same State consummated by their an'
nexation to a neighbouring State :
We consider it a sacred duty to again raise our
solemn protestations.

"We protest at first against the pretended right
of dedition proclaimed in favour of the peoples; s
new encouragement brought forward to withdraw
them from obedience to the constituted Govern-
ments.

" Against the proceedings taken by the Govern-
ment of his Majesty the King of Sardinia to obtain
at any price the manifestations of the populations
of the Duchy in his own favour.

" Against the violence imposed upon the Parmesan
peoples by the agents of the Piedmontese Govern-
ment. We know of old the true sentiments of the
inhabitants of the Duchy. We have had numerous
proofs of them in memorable occurrences during
our Regency; and even at a more recent period.
The sentiments are those of attachment to the auto-
nomy of their country, of fidelity to their legiti•
mate Sovereign. It is under the intimidation of
threats, under the corruption of intrigue, under the
pressure of terror, it is after the oaths to the King
Victor Emmanuel which have been imposed under
the penalty of destitution to the enployes of all
the branches of the Administration ; it is in con-
sequence of the general discouragement produced
by nine months of uncertainty, skilfully main"
tained,:ancl of tarrible dangers ; it is by such mearle
that the manifestations of a suffrage falsified before-
hand were extorted from a considerable number of
individuals. These manifestations, planned abroad,
contrary to the permanent interests of the popula-
tions, as well as to the rights of the sovereignty
and to the independence of the State, cannot have
the least moral value, and we therefore declare
them to be void and of no effect.
" We further protest—

" Against the annexation of the States of our
well-beloved son to the dominions of the House of
Savoy—an annexation accepted and consummated;
and therefore we protest no less
" Against the acts of acceptation and the taking
possession of the said States than against whoso-
ever has contributed, by his counsels or his aid, to
encourage it or to effect it.

" This annexation is a flagrant violation of
European treaties, of all the principles of interna-
tional right, and of the inviolability of States and
of Crowns.

"This annexation could not be claimed as a lee
timate consequence of the war, and we intend to re'
pel always, and, above all, the false reasoning put
forth by the Piedmontese Government, notwitlr
standing the sense of the purely defensive trot'
ties between the Duchy of Parma and Austria,
in misconstruing the facts, in order to bring OA
Duchy to the condition of a belligerent Power in
the conflict which had arisen between Austria on
the one side and France and Piedmont on the other►
and thus to procure for itself an apparent title to
make it an object of conquest.
" The whole world knows perfectly that frora the
moment when war was declared the only object 01
our irrevocable conduct and our persevering efforts
was to protect the independence and the well-being
of our peoples, while observing an attitude of new
trality.

" This neutrality, such as was permitted to us bi
the treaties, bat nevertheless true and legitimate'
was violated by the entry of the foreign troops At
rontremoli. We protested at that time, and igt3
did net leave our States until our protests no more
sufficed to protect the sacred rights of our ion.
" Our neutrality rested upon solid reasons 0
right and of fact, which have served to cause the,
rights of the -Duke of Parma to be recognised and
reserved in the Treaty of Zurich. It is, neverthe"
less, always superior to the conditions and to the
vicissitudes of that treaty. Founded upon inter
national right, it is imperishable.

•
" The right of the Duke Robert to the States of
Parma is ancient, acknowledged, confirmed, and
_entire. It has been guaranteed by the Europe
Powers in the treaties of 1815 and of the 10th °
June, 1817 ; it has received an implicit confirmati°ll
of the King of Sardinia by the international trestle°
concluded since that epoch, and especially by the
treaty of peace stipulated between Austria all
Piedmont the Gth of August, 1849, to which, 11
Article 5, the Duke of Parma was invited to ad'
here, which he did. This right, according to the
principles recognised and supported up to the Pr.;
sent in Europe, cannot be replaced by a pretended
right of popular suffrage, still less by the unlimite:
right which would have peoples give themselves
a foreign Sovereign.

" Therefore, the offer of the States of Parlous,
which the Piedmontese Government has procute.
for the King of Sardinia by revolutionary means'
their acceptation and their consummated anne%ui
Lion by the decree of the King Victor Emmanuel
of the 18th March, 1860, are acts of a guilty a
odious spoliation to the detriment of our be'
loved son Duke Robert I. and of his successors-
" Mother, Guardian, and Regent,
" We protest anew, in the interest of our dynast
and of the peoples of the States of Parma, agaill „,5
all the unjust acts which we have just noticed, u"
well as against their consequences.
" And, without waiting an examination, to wick
the Powers of Europe could submit (even 1))(
Article 19 of the Treaty of Zurich) the new order 01
things created in Italy, we appeal to the Olt
Powers. We claim their support, and we tru9
with confidence to their equity as well as the justice
of God.

" The present protest will be notified to all the
Powors who signed the treaties of 1815 and 181"
and to the other friendly Courts.

" LOUISA.

" Zurich, March 28, 1860."

LETTER FROM ,S'IR ROBERT PEEL TO

CHEVALIER BUIfSEN.

The following letter, which was addressed tsveilti
years ago by Sir Robert Peel to Chevalier 0%13'
is published in a biography of the great statesnitfr'
written by Herr Kunzel :—" My dear Herr Buir
to
sen,—The only purpose of this is to invite you t,
dine with me and Herr Cornelius on Friday vete
I assure you that whatever attention I may Wl'
paid to this distinguished artist I am abundsetiol
rewarded by the satisfaction which I derive fr°
aje
his personal acquaintance. He is one of a n-a
people, distinguished alike in every art of war ti-of
peace. The ultimate union and the patriotisre of
this people, spread as it is over the centr°,oo
Europe, will offer the best guarantee for the Peace
of the world and the most powerful check for the
propagation of doctrines pernicious alike t°l3o
cause of religion and order, and to that freedom Wkope
respects the rights of others. It is my earnest Poo
that every member of that illustrious race, Dig
he loves the country of his birth, will extendif
devotion beyond its frontiers, and pride iiirathe
upon the name of a German acknowledging ffer
common fatherland to be entitled to the love, ohe
tion, and patriotic exertion of all its sons• of
sentiments of every German are, I hope,
estimated by me, when judged from those alld
cued in my breast—the breast of a stranger allow
foreigner—by a simple song, which seems t° tejoa
centrate within itself the will of a powerful na
—a song which proclaims in enthusiastic words
That they shall not have it,
The free German Rhine !' Fe
No, they shall not have it, and the Rhine willthat
protected so long as the feelings inspired by Bat
song. are glowing in every Teutonic heart.
00 jo
you will believe me a regular German if I Vd svel'
this way. If cordial wishes for the union an.ine, 1
fare of the race can give me a title to thatgrc.,
am one.—Believe me, my dear Herr Bunsen,
correcor
It ROBERT PEE,'

toy

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