The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-11 00:00:00

TDB TREATY OF PARIS.

A portion of the following appeared in our impression
of yesterday :

A document was addressed by the Russian Go•
vernment at the latter end of October to all the
Powers that signed the Treaty of Paris. It was
accompanied by a circular requesting the recon-
vocation of the Paris Conferences. This memoran-
dum is an expose of the steps taken by the Cabinet
of St. Petersburg with a view to the fulfilment of
the Articles 20 and 21 of the Treaty of the 30th of
March. It is as follows :
"Protocol No. 1, of the 4th of April, ordains that the
commissioners who, according to the terms of the 20th
Article of the Treaty of Peace, are to proceed to the
boundary of the new frontier i❑ Bessarabia, are to meet
at Galatz on the 6th of May, to accomplish without
delay the mission intrusted to them.
"In that same sitting the Russian Plenipotentiaries
declared that the Russian authorities would make over,
as soon as that operation was terminated, to the Molda-
vian authorities such portion of territory as, according to
the new frontier line, was to be annexed to Moldavia.
"Article 20 defines the new frontier :
" It will start from the Black . Sea at one kilometre
east of the Lake of Bouvna-Sola, will rejoin perpendi-
cularly the Akermann-road, will follow that road to the
Valley of Trajan, will pass south of Bolgrad, will run
alongside the River Yalpuck as far as the heights of
Saraszika, and will terminate at Katamori, on the Pruth.
Above this point the old frontier between the two coun-
tries remains unchanged.'
"In virtue of this same article the delegates of the
contracting Powers were called to fix the line in all its
details.
"It will suffice to real carefully the text of those stipu-
lations to be convinced that they refer to a boundary on
the main land, but that they are not applicable to the
state of possession of an island situated in the open sea.
"This reflection is also applicable to the discussion
raised on the subject of the Isle of Serpents. It is not
the text which gave rise to this difficulty ; it arises from
its silence. .
"In fact, no express stipulation of the treaty has
either annexed to Moldavia or adjudged to Turkey that
island, in the possession of which Russia incontestably
was before the rupture.
"New, in matter of right, if there is to be a transfer
of any territory from one possessor to another, it is
necessary that the Treaty of Peace should authorise this
change by a stipulation clearly expressed. Silence
neither legitimises abandonment on one part, nor acquisi-
tion on the other. In this point of view the Russian
Cabinet, on the restoration of peace, thought it not only
a right but a duty to re-establish on the Isle of Serpents
the lighthouse, maintained at its expense before the war,
in the general interests of international commerce and
navigation. So as to take this administrative measure
in perfect regularity, the Russian envoy at Paris was
ordered to inquire whether the Isle of Serpents was still
occupied either by France or by England.
"This preliminary information, acquired in the month
of June from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of France
and from the English Ambassador, proved with what
good faith the Imperial Government aimed at the re-
establishment of the status quo, while nothing then autho
rised the supposition that it would be a subject of dis
puts),

"Having ascertained that during the operations of the
war, and at the time of the signing of the peace, the
island had remained unoccupied, the Russian authorities
made preparations for relighting the lighthouse, when
they were informed that a Turkish detachment had taken
possession of the island towards the middle of June with-
out any act of formality.

"This incident occurred even before the delegates of
the contracting Powers had terminated their labours of
tracing out the frontier line undertaken in execution of
Articles 20 and 21 of the treaty.
"Even should the interpretation of these articles have
given rise to a difference of opinion, that dcubt should,
at all events, have been solved by common agreement be-
tween the contracting Powers. One of them could not
on its own authority decide a point of litigation raised as
regards a stipulation forming part of a European trans-
action, which all the Cabinets had signed, and of which
they were all witnesses, guarantees, and judges.
"Ti.c work of peace being the result of their united
efforts, it was also necessary that their united concurrence
should insure its faithful execution.

" With this conviction the Imperial Cabinet did not
hesitate for a moment to express the necessity of reserv-
ing to a conference assembled at Paris the examination

orthe decision of the controversy which arose on the
subject of the Isle of Serpents at the end of the month
of July.
"Instructions sent by order of the Emperor to Baron
Brunow, under date of the 4th of August, ordered that
Minister to propose to the French Cabinet the immediate

meeting of a conference to decide to whom the Isle of
Serpents belonged.
" In submitting this point of dispute to the Powers
that signed the treaty the Imperial Cabinet stated
that the inland, which is of no military or political
value to Russia, has no other importance than that
which results from the maintenance of the lighthouse,
which is of indispensable necessity to commerce,
especially to that of Odessa ; that the seizure by a single
patty, without the consent of the last possessor, does not

constitute a legal claim, as the treaty is completely silent
on the subject ; finally, that to remedy this mistake it
was requisite that the representatives of the contracting
Powers should meet, reserving for their decision a ques-
tion which had not acquired the authority of a thing
decided by the acts of the Congress. _ _ _

" this period the opportnileoess of a deliberation in
common seemed also to be appreciated by the Cabinjts
of Vienna and of London.

" While this•plan was the subject of confidential com-
munications between the different contracting Powers
the urgency of an immediate meeting of their represen-
tatives was evinced by a new incident. It resulted from
the difference of opinion between the delegates of the

contracting Powers charged with tracing the new Bessa-

rabian frontier.
"If hitherto their labours had tended towards a
satisfactory and prompt conclusion, it is fair to point out
the part taken by Russia towards that result.
"Whenever the delegates for the settlement of the
frontier line came upon a local difficulty, which they could

not settle on their own responsibility, an immediate de-
ciiion, sent by order of the Czar, raised their doubts and
rendered their work easy in a perfect spirit of con•
ciliation. In support of this truth it will suffice to
mention two facts.

" According to Art. 20 the nem frontier, starting
at one kilometre from the lake of Baurna-Bola, was
to rejoin perpendicularly the Akermann road. That
line cut in two Lake Hadji-Ibrahim, and left Lake
Basiriam entirely to Russia. The inspection of the
localities showed the defect of such delimitation.

"The Imperial Cabinet allowed its delegates to
remedy this inconvenience, so as to include the two
lakes in the Moldavian territory.
"Again, the 20th Art, made the frontier end at Kata-
mori, on the Pruth. The text of the treaty did not ex-
press whether that place was to belong to Russia or to
be given to Moldavia. The Imperial Cabinet obviated
that difficulty by allowing Katamori to be joined to the
Principality.
" But more than this. At the Paris Congress the
tracing of the new frontier has already been adopted in
Conference, when the Plenipotentiaries of Austria, of
France, and of Great Britain proposed an amendment,
according to which the frontier was to terminate at some
distance north of Katamori. The Rus-ian Plenipoten-
tiaries could not consent to that proposition, as the
boundary indicated in Article 20 had already received
the Emperor's sanction.

"Assembled on the spot, the Austrian, French, Eng-
lish, and Ottoman delegates renewed the amendment
which had not been adopted in Conference. The Imperial
Cabinet authorised its delegates to adhere to that plan
which gives to Moldavia a greater extent of frontier
along the Pruth than that prescribed by the text of the
treaty. By means of these transactions, freely and frankly
consented to by the Imperial Cabinet, the frontier line
was completed in more than three-quarters of its whole
extent. Only two gaps remained to be filled up.
"With this object the commissioners, on the strength
of their united labours, drew up and signed on the 30th
of August a preliminary convention, giving an account
of all points upon which they were agreed, and especially
of those which need a final decision on the part of the
contracting Powers.
" This convention submits to the judgment of the
'Cabinets four alternatives left to their choice. This plan
is founded upon a system of compensation so cleverly
combined that each of the two parties interested obtains
geographically the same surface of ground, whatever may
be the alternative selected by the Cabinets.
" As regards the first point, the text of the treaty in-
dicated the river Yalpuck as the frontier line. In its
into
course,oaat
nan
B,p loancee
bcae
al !reit!
gAnthcleer enasmk ae,
otfh e
Yalpuckr vers, p s
the
other that of Yalpuckbel. The letter of the treaty

implies the former ; the other arm would give a more
enlarged frontier to Moldavia. The delegates have re-
served this question for the solution of the Cabinets.
"As regards the second point in dispute, that of the
town of Bolgrad, a consideration of good faith seems to
determine this question. It is this. When the Con-

gress came to discuss and decree in principal the new
frontier line, the Russians frankly declared the import-
ance of not taking away the town of Bolgrad from the
Bulgarian colonies of which it is the capital. This ad-
ministrative consideration, so frankly expressed, received
the unanimous votes of all the representatives, given in a
spirit of concord and conciliation. Consiluently it was
resolved, by common accord, that the frontier line should
pass south of Bolgrad, as is clearly and precisely stated
in the text of Art. 20. This resolution was not taken on
the inspection of maps produced at the Conferences
by the plenipotentiaries of Russia. Printed in Russian
they might not have appeared sufficiently intelligible,
to all the representatives at the Congress. They, there-
fore, formed their conclusions from the examination of a
map placed at their disposal by the care of the French
Government.
" This fact is worthy of mention. It shows that if
the maps were faulty the responsibility does not rest
with the Russian Plenipotentiaries. Moreover, their
frank speech had set aside any misunderstanding, They

had declared that the town of Bolgrad, which it was
important should be preserved to Russia, was the capital
of the Bulgaria❑ colonies.
" In this avowal there was neither concealment, mis-
understanding, nor deceit. The Congress, in adhering to
the desire expressed by the Russian Plenipotentiaries,
performed an act of equity and wisdom. In fact, its de-
cision upon the question of Bolgrad brought the di'cus-
sione to a close. Art. 20 was drawn up conformably to
the re elution taken at the sitting of the 10th March.
The Russian Plenipotentiaries thought right, however,
to make a reserve of the approbation of their Court.
That approbation was announced by Count Orloff in the
sitting of 14th March, Prot. IX.
" In this grave deliberation it may be said the una-
nimity of opinion (accord) of the Plenipotentiaries at
the Conference was complete. Doubtless, the Cabi•
nets by ratifying the acts of their Plenipotentiaries, had
not the intention of questioning or disavowing the spirit
of equity and harmony which presided over their labours.
"The first motive of dissent arose when the delegates
had visited the localities ; they then found that the
town of Bolgrad, instead of being situate at some dis-
tance from lake Yalpuck, as was indicated upon all the
maps, touched the northern extremity of the lake.
" The position thus ascertained on the spot gave rise
to a difference of opinion between the respective dele-
gates as regarded the crossing of the frontier line en-
trusted to their care.
"The Russian delegates proposed to take as demarca-
tion limit the valley line (Thalweg), leaving the left
shore of the lake to Russia, the right shore to Moldavia.
"This combination was deemed inadmissible by the
other Commissioners. In their opinion, access to the
lake open on the left bank to Russia might engender the
fear of the Imperial Government forming a flotilla upon
the lake, the presence of which might some day be an
impediment to the free navigation of the Danube.
"This supposition, we may be allowed to say, did not
tally in reality with the nature of the locality. Moreover,
if the project of the Russian Commissioners had been
admitted all subject of anxiety would have been removed
before hand by the express condition, that a single
brandwachl (boat) should be allowed for the use of the
Russian authorities, to be kept at a fixed station, for the
use of the custom and sanitary officers. Such a condi-
tion would surely have excluded the slightest anxiety
respecting the free navigation of the Danube.
"Nevertheless the proposal of the Russian delegates
met with decided opposition. The French Commissioner,
with a view to conciliate conflicting opinions, suggested
a new plan—to make a high road (chaltssee) along the
shore of the lake, and thus to separate the town of Bol-
grad from the shores of Lake Yalpuck, with the excep-
tion of permission to the inhabitants to have access to
the borders of the lake for their daily wants.
" By this combination the whole lake would remain
Moldavian, while the town of Bolgrad, the capital of the
colonies, would remain in the possessio❑ of Russia.
"The Imperial Cabinet of Russia did not hesitate
to give its consent to this proposal, which con-
ciliated all interests and all mutual considerations,
The Austrian, English, and Turkish delegates.

were not authorised to adopt this c impro-
inise. In their opinion the frontier line, instead
of passing south of Bolgrad, the capital, as understood
by the Congress, and as stated in Art. 20 of the Treaty,
ought to be drawn south of the place named Tabak (see
map annexed to the preliminary convention of 30th
♦ugust.) A much-to-be-regretted controversy has arisen
on this point. _ _

" A few words will suffice to elucidate the question by
placing it in its true light. The place called Tabak is
not the central point of the administration of the But.
garia❑ Colonies. For many years the town of Bolgrad
has been the capital. Church, school, government,
population, are all concentrated in Bolgrad. Tabak, as
all the delegates were able to ascertain, does not, there

fore, i❑ any manner respond to the intention avowed
openly, in which the Russian Plenipotentiaries asked,
and which the other Plenipotentiaries united at the Con-
gress granted, that Bolgrad should remain in the pos.
session of Russia.
" This is a simple question of good faith. If the line
should be drawn south of Tabak it would be drawn con-
trary to the spirit and to the letter of the text. Bolgrad
would be separated from the colonies, while it was agreed
that that town should remain annexed to them. In a
word, the treaty of the 30;h March would not be car
ried out conformably to the idea which presided over
that transaction.

"In this state of affairs the Emperor is of opinion
that the most honourable part to take is to appeal to the
consciences of the Cabinets that signed the Treaty of
Paris.

" Consequently, by order of his Majesty, the Russian
Envoy on a mission extraordinary to bis Majesty the
Emperor of the French had the honour of addressing to
the Minister of Foreign Affairs, under date of Sept. 19,
an official note, reiterating a request for the convocation
of a Conference, consisting of the representatives of all
the contracting Powers.
" Agreeing to this request the Minister of Foreig❑
Affairs, in the name of his Government, has invited the
other ,Cabinets to decide by oommon accord all the
points which have hitherto remained in suspense.
" So as to give to this diplomatic meeting the cha•
racter and the merit of a final solution of all the questions
in dispute, Count Walewski asked Baron Brunow
whether the Court of Russia, participating in this deli-
beration, was decided to abide by a majority of votes.
"To this question, transmitted by telegraph to St.
Petersburg, the Imperial Cabinet sent back an imme-
diate reply in the affirmative...

. .
" The sentiment of confidence which dictated it is
honourable for the cabinet from which that reply ema-
nates, and for the Powers to which it is addressed.
Four of them—France, England, Sardinia, and Turkey
—were a short time since engaged in a sanguinary
struggle against Russia ; and now the Cabinet of St.
Petersburg does not hesitate to trust to the honesty of
the votes of those same Powers. In the same manner
she seeks those of Austria and Prussia.

" All the Cabinets that signed the treaty of Paris have
thus been called upon to give a faithful and siecre inter-
pretation to the engagements contracted in common.
" For its part the Court of Russia has the satisfaction
of feeling that it facilitated their execution, that it even
went beyond the obligations which fell to its lot from the
text of the Treaty of Peace. Here is the proof thereof :
" The Ottoman Porte expressed the wish that the
islands of the delta of the Danube might be placed under
her direct authority, instead of being annexed to Mol-
daria, as arranged by Article 21. The other Powers
supported that request. The Court of Russia declared
its willingness to adhere to it.
" It also showed an equal desire of removing the
difficulties which arose on the subject of the state of
possession of the Serpents' Island, upon which the
Treaty of Paris was silent. This question cannot give
rise to any controversy as soon as the representatives of
the signing Powers met in conference shall be called
upon to give it a final solution by common consent.
" The Court of Russia has learnt that the delegates
charged to trace the Bessarabian frontier have been oc-
cupied with the importance which the position of Bolgrad
might acquire in a military point of view. As soon as
this was made known to the Emperor his Majesty
deigned to authorise his commissaries to declare that it
was not his intention to fortify that town.
" Finally, in the expectation of the decisions of the
Conference of Paris on the points which remain to be
settled to terminate the tracing of the new frontier, the
Emperor has given orders to his commissaries that as
soon as the labours of the commission are over on the
spot itself, the territory which falls to Moldavia is to be
immediately made over to the Moldavian authorities,
without delay, and oven without waiting for the signing
of the final convention.'

" Conformably to this order, the boundary line upon
which the delegates are agreed by the preliminary con-
vention of the 30th of August shall be put into execu-
tion at once. There will only remain two points to be
decided—that of the Upper Yalpuck and that of Bol-
grad. The commissaries await the solution of those two
points to complete their work.
" Surely it shall not be said that the Cabinets of Eu-
rope, after having given the blessings of peace to the
civilised world by their mutual agreement at the Paris
Congress, shall now hesitate to meet again in spite of
conciliation and concord for the just settlement of two
secondary questions reduced to su simple a matter that
two sittings would suffice to settle them ?
"All the Cabinets have a common interest in expedit-
ing this conclusion, so as to do away with the causes
which have hitherto contributed to deiay the execution
of the Treaty of Paris in more than one of its essential
stipulations.
"The Danubian Principalities especially eagerly await
the moment when their national and independent admi-
nistration, guaranteed by the contracting Powers, shall
receive the final sanction promised to them by the 24th
and 21th articles of the Treaty of Paris. Their hopes,
founded upon the faith of that European transaction, de-
serve an equitable consideration. But, for their wishes
to be fulfilled, they must be heard, and For them to be
expressed freely they must be expressed Without the
presence of a foreign army.
"This truth, recognised by the Congress, then re-
nit et ni
otna t
oi vf e
es
Toafcaul
al t
itnhge
the o t. contractingtom
ceived a unanimous confirmation by the eagerne
anu with Powers
'.
tory with the shortest
swhhoiwchedthtehereipnrtee
possible delay. A. term of six
months was eventually fixed.
.‘ Francs and England anticipated
that term with a
rapidity worthy of remark.
4‘ The First Plenipotentiary of Austria,
of the 4th of April, while praising in the sitting
the belligerent Powers in recalling the zeal displayed by
their armies, and in
than carrying out without delay
one of the most im-
portant stipulations of the Treaty of Peace, announced,
on hisrrt, that Austria would withdraw her troops from
ticipalities. He even added 'that as that opera-
tion wouldn not meet with the saint, difficulties that
attended the embarkation ofthe armies in the Crimea
with their stores, •
might be done more promptly, and
that the A •
Austrian troops would have evacuated the
Principalities before the belligerent armies could have
completely evacuated the Ottoman empire.'
"According to this declaration, noted down in pro-
tocol 21, the Vienna Cabinet will doubtless feel the
desire to contribute by its vote to accelerate the termi-
nation of the Frostier Commission; that it may the more
speedily evacuate the Danubian Principalities. The
Ottoman Porte, for its part, is directly interested that
the additional article of the treaty of the 30th of March,

(From the Times.)

• It is really wonderful how much that is absurd
' , and how much that is base can be concealed, wrapped
up, and overlaid by the pomp of diplomatic diction,
and carried off by the authority of a great and
powerful Government. The Cabinet of St. Peters-
burg has presented to Europe a note which they
doubtless think calculated to raise their charact.r
and estimation. It is couched in language of the
most guarded moderation, is of considerable length,
is full of professions of the most exuberant good
faith, and is altogether so exceedingly decorous, so
smooth, and so respectable that one can hardly be-
lieve that it is prepared in any spirit except that of
candour shrinking from misrepresentation, and
good faith that shudders at the bare idea of a doubt
or a surmise of its sincerity. And yet we venture
to say that out of this document itself, with little
aid except the very slightest knowledge of geo-
graphy and the most superficial acquaintance with
the history of the last few years, with far less indus-
try than has been bestowed on the deciphering of
ancient inscriptions and the interpretation of doubt-
ful texts in ancient historians, a meaning might be
extracted which would cover Russia with the deep.
est disgrace, and leave her diplomacy subject, on
its own showing, to the charge of the meanest eva-
sions and subterfuges, alike disingenuous and superfi-
cial. Everybody knows that any of the main causes
of the war was that Russia, havinc, possession of the
Salina mouth of the Danube, used'herpowerto close
up that mouth altogether, and that one of the prin-
cipal conditions of peace was that Russia should
retire entirely from the Danube, and leave it
wholly in the possession of Turkey. After the con-
clusion of peace Russia nevertheless endeavoured
to occupy the Isle of Serpents, an attempt in
which she was entirely outmanoeuvred and de-
feated by the English fleet. But now she puts for-
ward in justification the assertion that there was
no express stipulation in the treaty to meet the
case of an island, although the possession of that
island would have entirely neutralised all the pro-
visions so earnestly insisted upon with regard to
the free navigation of the Danube. Men who in-
terpret treaties in this manner should do so at the
point of the sword, but fur the vanquished thus to
seek to elude their obligations is alike futile and
discreditable.

As for the question of the ratification of the
Bessarabian frontier, Russia seems to feel that she
is not superfluously strong in moral force, and she
accordingly proceeds to take credit for having
yielded in matters not worth disputing. On one
occasion the frontier line cut a lake in two,
but Russia was too generous to squabble
about half a lake, and ceded it to Mol-
davia without a struggle. Ou another occasion
doubts were entertained whether the town of
Katamori belonged to Moldavia or not. Russia

was once more magnanimous, and whatever may
be comprehended in the name of Katamori
passed for ever into the dominions of KA-
davia. And here we must stop for a moment
to burden our minds of the fulness of respectful
admiration. Half a lake and a whole village !—who
could believe that a Power capable of such a sur-
render could nourish guile or deceit, or be capable
of even the most justifiable artifice Y We now ap-
proach the case of Bolgrad at every possible disad-
vantage. Russia looks down upon us from a pin-
nacle of moral superiority, and almost persuades us
that it is wicked to doubt the intention or interpre-
tations of so virtuous a Power. The question is,
shall the boundary between Moldavia and Russia
pass north or south of the town of Bolgrad t We
say north, Russia says south, observing in her win-
ning way, what we heartily agree to, that it is " a
question merely of good faith." Russia appeals to
good faith, and by the principles of good faith we
are content that she should be judged. She declared
at the Congress frankly, as she says, or, as we may
paraphrase it, with her usual frankness, that it was
important not to separate Bolgrad from the Bul-
garian colonies of Russia, of which it was the capi-
tal. To this the allies assented, and Russia, iu a
spirit of good faith, as she calls it, requires the
performance of the agreement and is scandalized
that any demur can be made to so reasonable a
proposition. We should be scandalized too if we
were not informed immediately afterwards by
what means the assent of the allies was obtained.

It appears from the Russian Note that this
assent was obtained by the inspection of maps
—maps which Russia herself did not pro-
vide, but which were provided by the French Go-
vernment. If the maps were faulty, the fault was
none of Russia's. Moreover, her frank declara-
tion that she meant to keep Bolgrad, the capital of
the Bulgarian colonies, put an end to the possibi-
lityof cavil.

Now, let us see what Russia admits in this very
guarded and carefully worded statement. First,
she admits that the maps were faulty, and
strengthens the admission by protesting against
being supposed to be responsible for their produc-
tion ; next, she states that the fault consisted in
this, that the town of Bolgrad, instead of being si-
tuated at some distance from Lake Yalpuck, a back-

water of the Danube, as delineated in the map,
actually touched the northern extremity of the
lake ; and, thirdly, she does not deny, and by not
denying admits, that ahe well aware of this error
of the map at the time she made the agreement
with the Allies, and used her knowledge to over-
reach and deceive them. Russia stands upon her
agreement that the boundary line should be drawn
to the south of 13olgrad, the capital of the Bulga-
rian colonies, and this agreement she obtained,
first by suppressing the truth that Bolgrad, the

capital of the Bulgarian colonies, communicates by
Lake Yalpuck with the Danube; and, secondly, by
the false suggestion that the Bolgrad which was
shown on the map is the same B ,igrad which she
bargains to retain, instead of being an insignificant
village, which, now that its name on the map
has answered its purpose, she will not condescend
to call by that name, but contemptuously desig.
nates as a place called Tabak. It was Bolgrad
when we were to be induced to draw the boundary
line to the south of it ; it is Tabak when we are to
ignore its existence, and substitute for it the place
it so usefully represented.
We cannot stoop to analyse further this most
merchantdeprived
of his position in
shabby and pitiful manifesto. Ministers of State
can, it appears, be guilty of frauds for which an
attorney would be struck off the rolls, a
excluded from 'Change, or a gentleman
society. Nay more
elaborately explain the deceit that was' they
used, and can
then claim the execution of an agreement thus
fraudulently obtained in the very
the sanction of good faith. 0 ham© and under
ne can well imagine
M. Brunow or M. Kisseleff descanting on the im-
portance to Russia of retaining
map, and showing how far it ng Bolgrad on the
was from the waters
of the Danube, and how gratuitously vexatious it
would be to carry the boundary to the north of it.
The device succeeded for the moment, but it was
and
at once too clumsy insolent to prevail after it
had been thoroughly exposed. Our answer to
at
Russia must be, that if
she must practise good faith ; that an g a reement
obtained by fraudulent suppression of the true
and
suggestion of the false is no agreement at
all, but a mere trick and circumvention ; that
an
agreement implies the concurrence of two wills
on the same thing, whereas the Bolgrad that she
spoke of was a different place from the Bolgrad
that we spoke of , and different, not by accident,
but by her design and practice. We have already
convincingly shown her that we are not to be
overpowered by force ; we have now to show her
as convincingly that we will not be overreached by
artifice. -,...-----..--

THE DOUBLE MURDER AT
sBO LT
•—OO Tuesday the Manch
inter•
Guardian of yesterday say
Lukeand Mrs. Elizabeth White took place
—The ester
went of Mr.
in Bolton-churchyard. The occasion attracted a large
concourse
able families people, i
of the neighbourhood. The funeral service
he Rev. C.D. J. Marsden, the incumbent,
of ncluding many of the more resect..
was read by t
assisted by the Rev. J. Simpson, of Thurnscoe. The
has as yet been obtained at all likely to lead to
two deceased were laid side by side in the same vault.
No clue
the detection of the murderers.
MOLTED/ IRON AND RED-HOT SHOT.—TIIII body cp
officers composing the select committee of Woolwich.
Avenel a..eietnhled on Tuesday morning at the practising
range in the Arsenal marshes, for the purpose of directing
some
the
mexperimentspr)rta
ot
advantage which then tookto place, tending to
le obtained by the
prove
substitution of liquid iron in the uses to which red-hot
shot has been hitherto applied. Lord Panmure, who
expressed his intention of being present, arrived punc-
tually at eleven, and took particular interest in the pro-
secution of the various tests which were carried out.
molten tneunmirboe
head, near which were erected some wooden sheds.
These latter were occasionally the butt, and were speedily
sThheel se,x or,ofatMaabrtuinlk's.
ignited by the contact occasioning the sudden explosion
of the shell and the expansion of the liquid fire. The
result was proved to be considerably more certain and
effectual than that produced by hot shot, and the supply
furnished with much more readiness and facility from a
melting crucible than from the heating furnace. The
experiments were ordered to be repeated.

and the Convention of the Straits annexed to the general
act, shall be carried out to the letter.
"France, having been the first to assert the principle ":;,:i)ApEn,
of the neutrality of the Black Sea, has the right to ex-
pect the fulfilment of a stipulation which serves as a baps
to Articles 11 and 14 of the Treaty of Peace,
"Finally, the Governments and all the nations which
have, with confidence, accepted the work of peace as ,a
new guarantee given to the firm establishment of generia - /4:;
tranquillity would see with surprise and regret that the X;
Cabinets which signed and are guarantees of the Treatjt
of Paris should not be disposed to come to an under- a
standing upon a simple difficulty of detail which Russia
has just frankly referred to their decision."

CHRISTMAS IS COMlNG.—Remember that
a Present of one of LETTS'S DIARIES, POCKET-BOOKS,
HOUSEKEEPERS, in their many forms and varieties, in plain and
elegant bindings, from Gd. to 14s. (or even three to five guineas)
each, may be had of any bookseller in the kingdom (Catalogues gratis),
and will cerfer on the recipient not merely a- pleasure but a benefit ;
a lasting service as well as a passing kindness.—LETTS, SON, and
CO., 8, Royal Exchange, Ordnance Map Agents, &c.

ER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.—
M. JITLLIEN'S CONCERTS. Last
Night-het 'Eight.-29th time of the New Grand French
Quadrille.
Programme for THIS EVENING (Thursday, Dec. 11):—
Part I.—Overture, Ruy Blas (received with great applause
on the two Mendelssohn Nights)—Mendelssohn ; Quadrille,
from Verdi's Opera, Ernani—Jullien ; Adagio Cantabile,
from " The Scoteh Symphony"—Mendelssohn ; Solo, Cornet,
the River and the Star, written expressly for and per-
formed by Herr Koenig —Angelina ; Polka, The Minnie
Polka (the 4th time)—Jullien ; Air, Giorni poveri (II Tro-
vatore), Madame Eliza Poma—Verdi ; Concerto, Violin
(Andante and Allegro), M. Le Hon—Mendelssoha ; Qua-
drille, (the 29th time), the French Quadrille, with varia-
tions for flute, flageolet, oboe, clarinet, ophieleide, and
cornet, performed by MM. De Folley, DeYong, Collinet,
Pratten, Lavigne, Hughes, and Kcenig; Finale : Partant
pour la Syrie, Vive l'Empereur—Jullien.
Part 2.- Opera, Grand Operatic Selection from Verdi's opera
of " 11 Trovatore," with solos by Herr Kcenig, MM. Lavigne,
Pratten, and Hughes ; solo, Clarinet, Mr. Lazarus—Berri ;
Polka, My Mary Ann (the 27th time of performance)—Jul-
lien ; Cavatina, " Ah, quel giorno " (Semiramide) Madame
Eliza Poma—Rossini ; March, The Wedding March. from
A Midsummer Night's Dream—Mendelssohn ; Solo, Bom-
bardon, Herr Jamaer—Jansaer ; Galop, Eglinton Koenig.
Conductor—M. Jullien. To commence at 8 o'clock. Prices
of admission :—Promenade, Is. ; Dress circle, 2s. 6d. ; private
boxes, 10s. 6d., £1 Is., and upwards. Private boxes to be
secured of Mr. Nugent, at the box-office of the theatre ;
at all the principal libraries and musicsellers'; and at Jullien
and Co.'s, 214, Regent-street.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY LANE.—
Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.
Mr, R.
Acting Mi,nager, Mr. C. Mathews. Stage Manager,
Roxby. Scenic Artist, Mr. W. Beverley.
Last night but two of performing before the Holidays.—
The eminent comedian Mr. Charles Mathews, and the talented
Dramatic Company, at the following reduced tariff of prices,
lower than any other west end theatre :—Galleries, 61 and
'
is, ; Upper Boxes, is. 6d. • Pit, 2s. ; First Circle, 2s. 6d. ;
Dress Boxes, 35. ; Stalls, ss. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d,,
ls., 11. lls. 6d., and 2/. 2s. Doors open at half-past 6,
commence at 7. Second price at 9 o'clock.
THIS EVENING, her Majesty's servants will perform the
comic drama entitled AGGRAVATING SAM. Characters
by Mr. Charles Mathews, Mr. Robert Roxby, Mr. Tilbury,
Mr. George Honey, Mr. Templeton, Mr. Walton, Mrs. Selby,
Miss M. Oliver,,and Miss Mason.
After which, the celebrated drama entitled THE CAPTAIN
OF THE WATCH, in which Messrs. Charles Mathews,
Robert Roxby,-A. Younge, Miss Mason, and Miss M. Oliver
will perform.
To 13a followed by the laughable piece TWO HEADS
BETTER THAN ONE. Supported by Mr. Robert Roxby,
Mr. Tilbury, Mr. Tem r Teton, Mr. Worrell, and Miss Wadham.
To conclude with an entirely new Ballet, arranged by Mons.
Petit, of her Majesty's Theatre, in which Mdlles. Emilie and
Jenny Osmont, of the Grand Opera, will appear, assisted by
a powerful Corps de Ballet.
On Boxing Night, the ?6th inst., will be produced a Grand
'omit Christmas Pantomime, by E. L. Blanchard, Esq.,
which, for gorgeous splendour and effects, will surpass all the
former pre-eminently succe.sful efforts which have given to
this establishment a world-wide celebrity for pantomime.
The magnificent scenery by the inimitable artist, Mr. William
Beverley, anil the pantomime produced under the direction
of Mr.. Robert Roxby.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
THIS EVENING, will be performed
THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL, with Mr. Murdoch as
Charles Surface ; Sir Peter Teazle, Mr. Chippendale ; Sir
Benjamin Backbite, Mr. Buckstone ; Crabtree, Mr. Compton;
Joseph Surface, Mr. Howe; Sir Oliver Surface, Mr, Rogers;
Moses, Mr. Clark; Sir Harry (with a song), Mr. W. Farren ;
Lady Teazle, Miss Reynolds ; Mrs. Candour, Miss Talbot ;
Lady Sneerwell, Mrs. Poynter ; Maria. Miss E. Sabine.
After which, the successful new farce, A FAMILY
FAILING, in which Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Howe, Mr. Chip-
pendale, and Miss Blanche Fane will appear.
With Perea Nena and her unrivalled Company of Spanish
Dancers, in THE ALHAMBRA, being the last week but one
of their final engagement.
Ta conclude with THE DUMB BELLE.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Genuine Success.—TJnprecedented. Attrac-
tion.—Third Appearance of Mr. Benjamin Webster, and re-
vival of the Great Adelphi drama of Janet Pride.—The grand
New Fairy Ballet Extravaganza, THE ELVES, in which
Madame Celeste will appear as the Statue Bride every night.
• THIS EVENING will be performed the celebrated d:ama
of JANET PRIDE. Messrs. B. Webster, Wright, Paul
Bedford, C. Selby, Parselle, Garden, Bland; Mesdames Celeste
and M. Keeley.
After which, with new scenery and appointments, the new
fairy, ballet extravaganza, called THE ELVES, or the Statue
Bride, founded on the grand ballet spectacle, now perform.
ing with unexampled success at the Theatre Imperiale de
l'Opera at Paris, under the title of Les Elfes. Principal cha-
racters by Madame Celeste, Misses Wyndham, Mary Keeley,
Kate Kelly, Chatterly, Arden, Messrs. Weght, Paul Bedford,
C. Selby, Le Barr, dzc.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. C. Dillon,
LAST NIGHT BUT ONE OF THE PRESENT SEASON.

Production of " The Cagot."

THIS EVENING (Thursday), will be performed a new
and original English play in five acts, entitled THE CXGOT;
or, Heart for Heart. Supported by Messrs. Dillon, Stuart,
Barrett, Miss Woolgar, Mrs, Weston, and the entire strength
of the company.
After which the extraordinary Troupe of Bedouin Arabs
will go throtgl their surprising performances.
Followed by THE DEAD SHOT. Louisa Lovetrick, Mrs,
C. Dillon ; Hector Timid, Mr. J. L. Toole.
The Theatre will close on Friday, Dec. 12, till Dec. 26,
when will be produced a new Grand Burlesque and Comic
Pantomime. Opening produced with all t'le splendour for
which Lyceum Burlesques have been celebrated, and the
Harlequinade by eminent Pantomimic artistes, with mecha-
nical changes and effects.

-ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
_A, lid THIS EVENING and during the week
will be presented Shakspeare's play of A MIDSUMMER
NIGHT'S DREAM.
After which (second time this season) THE CORSICAN
BROTHERS. Fabien and Louis dei Franchi, Mr. C. Kean.
Mendelssohn's celebrated overture to A Midsummer
Night's Dream will commence at 5 minutes before 7.

OYAL SURREY THEATRE.
itilt) Lessees, Messrs. Shepherd and Creswick.
THIS EVENING, BIRDS OF PREY. Charles Renne-
pont, Mr. Creswick.
After which, SARAH'S YOUNG MAN,
To conclude with THE OUTCAST BROTHER.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr. Alfred `Vivian.
THIS EVENING, WIVES AS THEY WERE AND
MAIDS AS THEY ARE, Messrs. Addison, G. Vining ;
Mrs. Stirling, Misses Swanborough and Herbert.
And the new fare*, JONES THE AVENGER. Messrs.
F. Robson, J. Rogers, and Miss Marston.
Commence at ha'f-past Seven.

THEATRE ROYAL, SADLER'S-WELLS.
Under the Manlament of Mr. Phelps.
THIS EVENING, HENRY IV. King Henry, Mr. A.
Rayner ; Sir John Falstaff, Mr. Phelps ; Hotspur, Mr. H.
Marston • Prince of Wales, Mr. F. Robinson ; Lady Percy,
Miss M. Eburne.
To conclude with POOR PILLICODDY.

QTRAND T REA.T RE.---IVllnager, Mr. T.
" Payne.—THlS EVENING will be performed
OVER THE WAY. Mr. Kinloch, Mesdames Woolidge and
E. Wilton.
'TWAS I; or the Kiss and the Rose. Mesdames Cuth-
bert, Gregory, and Woolidge ; Messrs. Kinloch and Howard.
_OI.IIADIES AT HOME; or, Gentlemen, we can do without
. Mesdames Fitzinman, E. Jacobs, Lennox, Norbury,
Gregory, Baker, &c.
and AndBELPHEGOR (Travestie). Messrs. G. Lee, Howard,
Clarke_.: Mesdames Cuthbert, Woollidge, E. Jacobs,
and Willy F,derthi.
Commence at Seven.
Gallery, 6d. Stalls, 3s. ; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is. ;

.4_4iSTLEY'S ROYAL AMP EIITHEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke.
THURSDAY, AND SATURDAY.
THIS EVENING, Shakspeare's Tragedy of RICHARD
THE THIRD, with those splendid Equestrian Tableaux and
Illustrations by Mr- W: COOKE'S trained horses, which
obtained for it a continuous rua of 90 nights ! Richard, Mr.
James Holloway.
After which, the
eic. SCENES in the CIRCLE. Appearance
of Mr. W. Cooke, jun.,
To conclude with OTHER ENTERTAINMENTS.
Doors open at half-past six ; commence at seven o'clock.
fox
office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr.
W. West. Equestrian Director, Mr. W. Cooke. jun.

-----
CANTERBII RN H. ALL. we,t,iT-------
OPEN EVERY EVENING,--The
conaPanY of Vocalists are engaged 1.1
aciriaPearsi7Cfhaoonlnileoesweosi:
the--The
Selections from all the popular Operas,
Glees, Duets, &c., viz.: --Miss E. Pearce, 31,,,,
Miss Brunell, and Miss Summers ; Mr. J. Caulfieldealftv:l,d'
Jonghman., R. Grover, T. Raino, T. Farrant, S. Jones,
Barker, W. Melling, and P. Come : Masters Austin, pt,-.`'
nett, and Corr.' ; Mr. Sam Cowell and E. Mackney. PC:I n"
forte, J. Harreway, R.A. ; harmonium, J. Caulfield, Jun.
director, Mr. .T. Caulfield. Commence at Seven o'clock Pi; "
eiselY. Suppers, dre., until twelve o'clock. In addition ter,
the usual Vocal Entertainment, the celebrated SPANISH
MINSTRELS will appear in costume at Nine and Eleven
o'clock Every Evening, and sing some of their favourite selec-
i ons

T-TICIrI WATER AT LONDON BP.IDGF;.
THIS DAl—Morn. 46 win. aft. 12_ Evening 13 min- aft. 1
Tr-.'+nanr,7,-......-mon,. 37 min. aft. j—Evoning 3 rair. . aft. 2

TUE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, DECEMBER 11.
THERMOMETER, IN THR SHADS.
60 —highest sines; noon yesterday.
this morning and diaing the night.
53 -this lay At noon.

WT PTI BAROMETER, 29.58—rising.
' W.S.W. W.—Modorate, with fine,
shiny clear, sun-
t.: Y weather. There is some indication of a return to
frost.

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