The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-18 00:00:00

THE REFORMATORY MOVEMENT.

On Tues.lay the Rev. Sydney Turner, a gentleman Till
known from his connection withjthe juvenile reformatory
movement and chaplain of the philanthropic establish•
went at Redhill, delivered an address at the Tailors'
Labour Agency Literary Institute, Newington-causeway,
on "Boy Crime and its Remedies." The room was well
filled, but not crowded. Mr. Dunn took the chair.
The Rev. S. TURNER, on rising, was received with
cheers. He said he had not come to give them a
methodised system, but merely to express his views inte•-
ligibly to them. lie did not intend to plead for a par-
ticular nostrum or panacea for boy crime, but to set them
thinking and acting upon the subject. They would at
once sympathise with him when boy crime affected them
as the middle class much more than it did the higher
class. He bad recently seen in the Economist that crime
only affected capitalists, or persons with fixed property.
lie was astonished at such doctrines, which embodied
one of the strangest fal'acies he had 'ever teen. The
question of boy crime was essentially one which affected
the working and middle classes. Whose property did
young thieves principally steal? If he went to the
Westminster Bridewell, and got the young thieves ou.,
who would they live upon ? Would they live upon the
property of the Duke of Devonshire, or Lord Palmerston,
or even such large firms as Fortnum and Mason's? No,
it was the great class of working tradesmen that these
young hornets stung. And more than that, it was the
children of the poor man that they associated with, and
who were exposed to their corruption. It was a painful
thing to find that the more humble the station in life of
men, the more exposed they were to the temptations
thrown in their way by the younger portion of stieet
thieves. Out of the 120,000 of all ages, and both s,xes,
who annually passed through our prisons, from 12,000
to 13,000 consisted of boys and girls, and of tha, por-
tion about 1-10th were girls. In the police districts
of London V....1.e were about 3,000 boys and girls impri-
soned. The great theory of our forefathers was to
punish only, and adapting Sir Peter Laurie's theory " to
put them down." He should be very glad to adopt that
if it answered. He was not one of those amiable phi an-
thropists who were averse to all secondary punishment..
Re considered that in proportion to the knowledge of the
offender be should be punished. They had a large num
her of boys at Redhill ; some of them had been in pri-on
sixteen times, many for ten times, and a great proportion
four or five times. The result was uniformly the same ;
he was not deterred by the punishment he had received,
and he thought the reason was clear. No person com-
mitted crime so much from the love of it, but because his
habits and his whole course of education had been such
as to make petty crime almost a necessity to him. With
in the laq year—that was from the let January to the
present—they had admitted 118 boys into the Redhill
Reformatory, and out of that number 31 had lost father
or mother, the surviving parent not re-marrying, 16 had
lost both parents, and 21 bad lost one parent, the sur-
vivor re-marrying. Thus, of tho whole 118, there were

[PRICE 4D. STAMPED 5T5.

68 who passed into society having no ooe at home to
really control them. They could not hang young child-
ren, neither could they transport them, nor keep them
year after year in prison ; in fact, no system of punish-
ment could, by itself, work the required end of diminish-
ing or preventing crime. Seeing, then, that they could
not effectually punish or let them alone, they must turn
to this mode of cure. In the first place, they should do
all they could to promote the general morality of the
working classes, and endeavour to extirpate the vice of
crui,kenness, which was the cause of more than half the
crime of the country. But while prevention was better
than cure, reformatory schools were absolutely neces-
sary, and up to the present time they had been suc-
ce*sful to the extent of reforming seven out of ten, and
in France, at Mettray, they had reformed nine out of
ten. He assured them that the returns of the Mettray
institution were to be depended on, because not a single
prisoner was condemned in France without all his an-
tecedents were inquired into, and it was found that out
of 100 trained in Mettray for the last 16 years only 10
had relapsed into a state of crime. By the French law
boys convicted and sent to Mettray were c indemned to
stay at Mettray until they were of age. For the seven
years' existence of Redhill, seeing that they had nearly
1,000 boys, nearly two-thirds of those at Mettray in 17,
therefore their measure of success was by no means con-
temptible. Another great d►fsculty was that of getting
proper persons to devote themselves to this work. In
Mettray nearly 40 young men gave their services for
almost a nominal sum, but here our young men must
have almost always the argumentunt ad cruntenara—the
quid pre quo in their pocket. The consequence was
hat they not only had fewer but leas devoted teachers.
Yet with all these dfficulties something like 7 out of
10 had turned out honestly. The larger portion of their
inmates went abroad, which was a very fair price to pay
fd. the kin +nese and mercy shown them. He did not
consider that it would be just to take the crimii al popu-
lation and teach them useful trades, and then throw ,
them into the great mass of honest workmen in England,
to compete with them. Altogether about 400 young
men had left, and, from the communications received
from the colonies, be had no doubt of the correctness of
the statistics of reformed young criminals. In conclu
sion, he reminded them that they could all do ranch in
preventing crime, and he exhorted them to use all their
endeavours in their own sphere to assist in this good
work. (During the delivery of the address the rev. gen-
tleman was frequently cheered, and on its conclusion a
vote of thanks was cordially given to him.)

Sporting Intelligence.

BETTING AT MANCHESTER, TUESDAY.

For the Derby, 550 to 25 was 1,4 d apt M,D , 500 to
20 agst Lady Hawthorn, 1,000 to 15 agst Beeswax colt,
and 200 to 6 agst Aekworth ; 325 to 25 was offered agst
Blink Bonny. The only bets made upon the Chester
Cup were 590 to 10 agst Tasmania, and 500 to 6 agat
Riseber.

CHESTER CUP.
50 to 1 agst Tasmania (taken)

DERBY.
13 to 1 agst Blink Bonny (offered)
100 to 7 agst Loyola (offered)
100 to 6 agst Tournament (offered) '
22 to 1 agst M.D. (taken)
25 to 1 agst Lady Hawthorne (taken)
33 to 1 agst Ackworth (taken and offered)
66 to 1 agst Beeswax colt (taken)

WALTHAM ABBEY STEEPLECHASES.

W EDNESD AY.

The Selling Hurdle Race of 5 sore each, with 25 added,
for 3-yr-olds and upwards. Optional selling weights,
&c. 8 subs.

Mr. Drake's Affghan, 4 yrs ( 30/4, 9st 6lb (Kendall) 1
Mr. Kneesham's Hernandez, aged (301.) lOst 7lb
(W. White) 2
Mr. Mellish's Dashaway (late Flo), 3 yrs (301.) Bst Blb
(Escott) 3

Betting-6 to 4 on Affgban.
Won by two lengths; about four lengths between the
second and third.

The Handicap Hurdle Race of 5 soya each, with 25

. ,
added.
Mr. Price's Flageolet, by Hautboy, 4 yrs, 9st (Kendall) 1
Mr. Sydney's Victory, aged, lOst (M'Clean) 2
Mr. Byrne's Cripple, 3 yni, Bst 41b (Palmer) 3
lolaus, Hymaly (late Preston Strike), and The Cale-
donian also ran.

Betting—Even on Flageolet, 3 to 1 agat The Caled°.
nian, 7 to 2 agfit Victory.

A good race in, won by a " short head ;" about four
lengths separated the second from the third. The other
three finished widely apart.

The Runt Cup Steeplechase, value 50 sovs, by subscrip-
tions of 5 sovs each, the rest in specie ; fur 4-yr-olda

and upwards ; two miles. 9 subs.
Captain Durant's Marmaduke, 5 yrs, list 21b
(Mr. Crymes) 1
Mr. Deacon's Lilford, aged, list 7lb ..(Mr. Edwards) 2
Mr. T. Be sley's Petropolouski (late Ponciabox), 5 yrs,
list 71b
Sandboy and Sir Charles Napier also rae.
Betting—Even on Marmaduke, 5 to 2 agst Sir Charles
Napier, and 5 to 1 agst Sandboy.
Won in a canter ; very bad third. Sir Charles Napier
and Sandboy fell nearly at the finish, but were re-
mounted and trotted in. On returning to scale the
rider of Liitord objected to Marmaduke, on the ground
that he nad not gone far enough by nearly half a mile.
Tne rider of Marmaduke, however, contended that he
only had been the right course, and that the others had
gone farther than necessary, having mistaken the turning
flags which were fixed for the Four Mile Handicap
Steeplechase. The race remains in dispute.
Selling Steeplechase, of 5 cove each, with 25 added, for
three-Sr-olds and upwards ; •ptional selling weights,
&c.; two miles and a-half. 6 subs.
Mr. Griffith's Hoonraker, aged (251.), lOst 71b
(Donaldson) 1
Mr. B. Land's Penelope, 5 yrs (251.), lOst 71b
(B. Land, jun.) 0
Mr. Kneesham's Hernandez, aged (251.), 104 7lb
(W. White) 0
_ _

Betting-6 to 4on Moonraker.
Penelope refused soon after starting, and was pulled
up ; Hernandez fell at the ditch leap into the lane, and
Moonraker cantered in alone.

The winner was " knooked down" for ItiO guineas.

Handicap Steeplechase of 10 sova each, 5 ft, and 2 only
it declared, &c., with 100 added ; four miles. 2S

subs, 16 of whom declared.
Kr. C. Brown's Janus, age,l, 10st 9lb (Green) 1
Mr. Fratupt.m's British Yeoman, aged 10st
(%Ir. Bonham) 2
Mr. N. Mason's Honeycomb, aged, 94 71b
(Kr. Edwards) 3
The following also ran :—Tom Gurney, Theodine,
Rebecca, and Tortoise.
Betting-6 to 4 agst Tom Gurney, 3to 1 agst Janus,
4 to 1 agst British Yeoman.
Won by six lengths ; same distance between the se-
cond and third. Tortoise slipped up and fell at the
first obstacle, and was so severely injured that he was
eventually destroyed. Theodine refused soon after
starting, and was turned back. Rebecca was pulled
up after repeated refusals at the far side, and Tom
Gurney, who was lying close up with Janus, slipped
at the taking off side of the bank at the leap into the
winning field and fell. Both horse and jockey were
unhurt.
On returning to scale an objection was made to
Janus by the rider of British Yeoman, on the ground
that he had not kept on the right track towards the
end of the race. This event likewise remains in abey-
ance.
Much disapprobation was expressed at the very un-
satisfactory and incomplete manner in which the line of
country was indicated, which in two instances gave rise
to objections and wrangling.
The Abbey Stake, (free handicap) of 5 sore each, with
20 added ; the second to save his stake. One mile.

10 subs.
Mr. Drake's Affgban, 4 yrs, lOst
Mr. Nesbitt's St. Julian, 4 yrs, tst (carried 9st 131 b
(Mr. Thomas) 2
Mr. W. Robinson's Shiner, 2 yrs, ist 7,b (carried 7nt
91b) (Quintoo 3
Mr. Price's Flageolet, 4 yrs, 94t 121 b (Price) 4
Betting-3 and 4tol on Affghan, who had it all Lis
own way, and won by two lengths ; same distance be-
tween second and third and fourth.

A letter from Turin says :—" The Sardinian Govern-
iner,t, it is said, has determined to undertake, at its own
cost, the difficult task of cutting through Mont Cenis, in
order to unite the Victor Emmanuel Railway with 'the
French lines."

THE IRISH LINEN TRADE.—The improvement noted
in our last commercial report continues to maintai❑ its
progress. White goods are made in large quantities, and
the sale of brown finished linens are quite up to sop•
plies. There has been a full amount of orders to barn!
from the United States per last steamer. Handker-
chiefs are now inquired after, and the market is bare of
medium shirtings. Fine linens have bean taken at
prices up to the highest of last month, Bleachers anti
ciliate higher markets for goods, but find it no easy matt-
ter to raise the value of the finished article. lithe present
condition of demand for goods be kept
advance, as in most cases bleachers could not rerupina
of
stocks at the figures now current for the avdertnEins week.
up rates mint
goods. Brown markets were batter attenhede
several seat
A large quantity of goods appeared at
a❑d the extent of
of sale. Armagh was pretty large,
transactions much above that of any
the sale of fine goods
month. Next day, at Tandragee,
out at Lurgan was fair
was active and Thursday'd turn marketa in the last
foreye tahnedsoettthsoern.diDapaemrsasfrkeegloyodskienn-nborffis.kNnoemand.
change Binirtdhse-
ywaarsn
atnrtaidjp.ateSdt:caknsd
gp
the amount of warp
was very dull during
September,under ordinary figures. Flax
haaltvbeonuotthannondmuuclotendar alllatrifeely millsas
yarns on hand is
,rtaytherll attended through the week.
markets were pre-,
Bunter of Ulster.
..:lax the turn easier I,Rates for fine andier
trnoweepduirucmhasfiebiLe hold a fair course.

- rcE WS PAPE R
MONS UNITED COLLIERIES COMPANYI7‘: z.,74-,-:. SW-.\
44.7,j' ,- -- ' ...t • •','Ne
(From the Times' City Article.) i- ft-7, W-., ';'7.lv
Intl"il't ' 0. .*:`
41'"
A new Belgian coal company has been • rat
duced under circumstances calculated to excifilD ' '''' ~./ .
~..„/-,
at'ention. Its title is the Mons United Collieries, 'la ---' ," -.4;
Company, and the capital is to be 1,000,0001.,- in'- k.l.- - ---
101. shares, the Duke of Wellington, the Earl of AL .a S
Albemarle, Mr. H. S. Thornton, of the firm of ,
Williams,
L., Deacon, and Co., and Mr. Weguelin, ; ,
the Governor of the Bank of England, being trus-
tees, ' :
while the board of directors is also composed '• c:
of persons whose position or experience invites re-. ' fi
liance. The object is to develope the resources of ~
the most central part of the coal district of Mons,
and operations are to be directed to two sections,—
ynieamldeiglny, a set of collieries already in full work, and
a minimum net profit of 40,0001. a-year,
and another set of which a concession has been
granted by the Government on condition of their
being forthwith opened. The payment for the
whole is fixed at 454,000/., of which 200,0001. is
to be in shares not entitled to dividend until
6 per cent. shall have been paid on the general
capital, and liable to cancelment to the extent
of two-thirds in case the new mines should not
yield coal of the anticipated commercial quality.
Looking at the yearly profit , already stated to be
derived from the mine at present in work, and
which according to the reports of engineers, could
be greatly increased by an outlay of 20,004/., the
unlimited demand for coal in Belgium and France,
and the increasing facili ies of railway carriage, the
terms appear to be sound and liberal. This con-
clusion, however, depends entirely upon the as-
sumption that the examinations instituted by the
directors have been such as to leave no possible
doubt of the correctness of their statements, and .
that they are in every way capable of being verified
by any practical party disposed to enter into the
undertaking. In relation to the general produc-
tion of the Belgian colleries the following statistical
statement is furnished :

"The production of coa's in the province of Mons has
been considerably developed of lete years. The forma-
tion of companies, possessing sufficient resources, has
especially oontributed to this reso,t, b_y /1:4-.:4Lion pf
th, necessary capital to the works of extraction. It Is
shown by statistical documents that the extraction of
ials in this 'province, which amounted in 1839 to only
1,968,169 tone, had increased in 1855 to 6,458,416"t0n5.
"A great patt of this produce is exported to France,
where the consumption is greatly increasing every year;
and it may be conceived that this augmentation will be
still more considerable, judging from the fact that
whereas in France the average annual consumption is
but 276 kilogrammes per individual, in Belgium it is
1,174 kilogrammes, and in England 1,966.
"The great coal companies in Belgium have all at-
tained a state of great prosperity ; their profits have
especially increased since 1850, and their Aar, s have in
cones 'pence doubled and tripled is value.
"The company of the colliery, called Le Vent an
Fleau' ' which is contiguous to one of the concessions of
the Mons United Collieries Company, has seen its shares
of I,ooof. rise to 1,250 f io 1851 ; to 1,630 f in 1853 ;
and .to 3,2001. on the Ist of December, 1856. The
dividends to the shareholders amount to 30 per cent.,
independently of co,siderable sums reserved.

"The import of foreign coals into Belgium is free of
duty, but the experience of the present year has shown
that English coal cannot compete in Belgium, even on
the coast, with the Belgian coal.

"It is known that-io the vicinity of Valenciennes
152 new factories have been established within the last
12 months, and are large consumers of Belgian coal.
Many more factories are also understood to be in course
of formation."

SUSPENSION OF THE KIDDERMINSTER OID

BANI.

(From the Birmingham Journal.)

The operations of another private bank in tbi6 dis-
trict have bee❑ brought suddenly and unexpectedly to a
close. Last Saturday morning the old bank at Kidder-
minster, carried on in the name of Farley, Turner, and
Co., was not opened for business as usual, but an intima-
tion was posted outside to the effect that in consequence
of the death of Mr. Turner there was no one invested
with authority to carry on the bank. Up to Tuesday
afternoon business had not been resumed, although the
doors of the establishment have been kept open for the
purpose of answering inquiries ; in the meantime suffi-
cient has transpired relative to the state in which Mr.
Turner's affairs are left to preclude all possibility of the
bank being again opened for business.

The bank of Farley, Turner, and CO: was established,
we believe, between 50 and 60 years ago. Amongst the
original members of the firm was one or more of the
family cf Farley, of the banking-house at Worcester. A
few years ago that connection was broken by the retire-
ment of Mr. Farley from the firm at Kidderminster, and
about the same time a gentleman named Jones, who had
been for many years a clerk in the house, was taken in
as a partner. At the time this arrangement was made it
was understood that Mr. Jones did not take any money
into the concern. He did not survive the date of his part-
nership more than 3 years. By his death Mr. A. Turner
became the sole member of the firm, and his death at
Cheltenham, last Thursday, has broughtabout a stoppage
prematurely, but which was inevitab.e on no very distant
day.

It has transpired that Mr. Turner has died intestate; of
the fact that he was insolvent to a considerable amount,
there is, we fear, no doubt whatever. The bank had the
privilege of issuing notes to the amount of 14 3001., but it is
supposed that the number actually in circulation will not
amount to more than 8,0001 ; the liabilities are estimated
at a sum not exceeding 70,0001. As to the value of the
assets, or their nature, nothing is known ; but for some
time prior to the stoppage, a disposition has been evinced
on the part of the management to restrict operations
as much as possible, the consequence in all probability
get the limited means at command. The London agents
of the house, Messrs. Roberts and C were, it is under-
stood, prepared for what has occurred ; in fact, Mr.
Tui ner's want of means bad been no secret for some
time prior to his demise, so that the town agents would
be sure to provide against any accident. Indeed, it is
not improbab'e that they had a balance ; for, if we are
correctly inf )rmed, Farley and Turner's notes were
cashed in London on Saturday morning.
In Kidderminster the loss and inconvenience conse-
quent on the stoppage will be very severely felt. Ice
the news spread 'lay and rapidly on Saturday morning
that the Old Bank had stopped, hundreds hastened to
see the notice posted on the establishment, before they
could credit that which they were reluctant to believe.
Saturday is pay-day at Kidderminster, and many per-
eons were dependent on a supply from the bank for
their workmen's wa2,es ; they bad seen the house open
as usual on the Friday afteinoon, paying and receiving
in the ordinary way, and Saturday morning found
the doors virtually closed. As usual, in a score such
cases that might be mentioned, there was no suspicion
of the Old Bank ; and at this establishment the funds of
most of the public institutions of the town (including the
Corporation) were deposited. Instances of pecudar and
individual hardship have reached us as the consequence
of this stoppage ; of funds paid into the bank on Friday
for the advice of acceptances, which, of course, remain
establishment the
management in has
behaved with as much liberality as circumstances
; and in many ways has been a severe blow,
as may he expected, in such a manufacturing non,inu.
nity Kidderminster. The Stourbridge and kidder-
mtoiwnnst.er
li\s,enaorwe
gtllaled
otnolyn obtiacne b k itngat
would
admit of to parties most seriously affected by this unfor-
tueate occurrence.
The stoppage of a bank under the circumstances above
detailed is a very rare, if it is not altogether an excep-
tional occurrence. It may be presumel that the
winding-up will take place under the direction of the
Court of Chancery.

late Mr. Turner was a magistrate of the county
of Worcester, and in other respects he occupied socially
a high pesition in his neighbourhood.

NEW POSTAL ARItANGE;EIITs---N-fe have great
satisfaction in announcing that, by' a new postal con•
ductionventi hwaisthbeFenraenace,.,,et theed
come bit° operation from the Ist of Jan. next, a re•
portion of the Indian
sit rate paid to France for the conveyance of that
provisions of which will
is forwarded via
exchanged between the united k
ssines. In consequence of this arninvement a re-
duced twbehicain[unt of the tran.
duced charge will in future be levied upon all letters
Marseilles, making the total raitnegt:r a
:-9d., if not exceeding j oz. ; ls., if exceeding 1
oz. and not exceeding i oz. ; is. 91' if exceeding
dioz4.
and
dtter Indiaas tin-
derricz(
Z. and not exceeding i oz.,z ;
:r.,
iiff
exceeding 1 oz.
and
dd
nnaott eexx(c'ecteddii'nigg 11;zr;z;. r -3s:j6"d • if exceeding 11
Oz. and not exceeding li cz,
letters conveyed directly betweenTFhreanccheaargneds I uponn,
(i ia,
ano it ha, been agreed that p
(be collected in France
entire British tea shallpostagieh
-; Post-office Under this
rice Egypt, are also reducedou,nndearli tshoeohcloentvteernetiothn;
on behalf of the English
ratehith
hitherto
01 s.
been the
subjected h a 1 f•out cien,
and no charge
India, will no longer
will
arrangementto whi c h
hereafter be levied by the
for sea conveyance
suchtbleetßteerds
hSabevicsae
chargeable,
the r
odnespthaetchdeolifvelertyteorfs
papers°ffie'
etitoheFrraonnce,
says the New York Journal of
has arisen in England,
lettersan Indian
pr
i nat Postleidd, - printed papers from France.—Allen's
Indian Mail, Oct. 17.
GENERAL WALKER AND SLAVERY.—A controversy
17t
the
1824,
Constituent
i t
u had
declared
Commerce, in respect to the effect of Walker's Decree of
Sept. 6, repealing all acts and decrees of the Federal
Constituent
been .
Assembly of Nicaragua on the dissolution of the Central
Assembly
fin t h
force April,
by
American Confederacy. In a copy of the London Times
received by the Persia, we notice a letter from E. G.
reAdm
to ely
remain
Squier, then in London, denying that the effect of the
repealing decree is to legalise slavery in Nicaragua. This
effect, is imputed to it "on the
strengthectMr.
of some Squierpa says,rttsan statements in the late Ameri-
can newspapers." We can only say that if the repeal
fails to accomplish that object, it falls short of the effect
attributed to it by its author, or rather by hie newspaper
organ. Appended to the official publication of the decree
in Gen. Walker's own organ of communication with the
public, El Nicaraguense of Oct. 4, is the
following ex.
planatiot. of its purport :—" Amongst the decrees which
the foregoing repeals, is an act of the Federal Consti-
tuent Assembly of 17th April, 1824, abolishing slavery
in Central America. The repeal of the repealing statute
nt
revives the original law, and therefore the right to hold
slaves of slaves is acknowledged by the g
Nicara-
gua. Of course the aoknowledgaient of the right to
hold slaves inipoaes the obligationto secure owners in
the enjoyment of their property..