The Sun.
London, England, 1860-04-19 00:00:00

SAR,DINLI.

A letter from- Turin, dated April 15, says—lt is
a fine morning, and all the 'Vatican thunders are
powerless to rob the Piedmontese of sunlight ar.d
warmth., It ,is perfectly marvellous .to see bow
well people 04n manage to thrive under the Pope's
excommunication. As in the memorable incident
of the Jackdiw of Rheims, it may be said :

" Never was there such a terrible curse ;
• But, what gave rise to no little surprise,
Nobody seemed one penny the worse."
That is all. People do not even give themselves the
trouble to laugh at Popes Bulls. We have here in
Turin the Fischietto and Pasquino—un der Mr.
Punch, the very -best dealers in jokes the European
press can beast: Well,. even • these worthies seem
to think - St. Peter's artillery beneath a jest.
Come out with me for an hour's walk about
the Turin streets, and you will be able to see the
effects of the Pope's malison. Look into the faces
of these sober, earnest, God-fearing Piedmontese,
the most sensible people on the Continent. Every
man's` face calm; serene, radiant- with 't acindk
sciousnessof true freedom, tells you plainly, "le
crams Dieu, et n'ai point d'autre cremate." Under
the porticoes in a walk of five minutes, you are
accosted by about 20 newsmen, hawking about their
cheap goods, wet from the press. The Italian press
may be deficient in means,. it may boast nothing
above average talent, but it is gloriously free, suf-
ficiently fair, uncompromising, and not unmindful
of dignity. .117'en deplaise the French Emperor,
the J)iritto is as boldly outspoken as The Times,
and the Unione has most nobly fought its wart°
the most unlimited discussion of religious subjects.
But on with our walk, up to Piazzo Castello, past
the palace where the good King—honest man—is
packing up his portmanteau, ready for a start to
Central Italy this afternoon at half-past four; fur-
ther along Dora Grossa, straight up to the Ytoche-
melon, a mountain 9,000 feet high and 30 miles off,
which in this-thin atmosphere, seems almost to bar
the way at the end of the long, straight street.
The Turinese are all up ; some bound to the cafe
for a frugal breakfast, some to hear mass, but all
with their morning paper in their hand or pocket
—a kind of talisman to keep off the evil eye, or
jettatura, of the priests. A mass does no harm,
even though the mass-sayer is not to be fruited.
See,—this huge gloomy building on our left was
the Jesuit 'College. Have no fear—it was. The
other sombre edifice on our right is the Barnabite
Convent. The monks are few ; they pursue harm-
less studies, and are quietly dying off. Our child-
ren just hear of them as a myth. The rubbish of
the middle ages is fast clearing off.
Now turn to the left, under the blossoming
plane avenue, round the half-dismantled citadel—
a fortress making room for a railway station, brute
force blown away by a whiff of steam.
Now out into open space—the Piazza d'Armi or
parade-ground. It is the grandest, of European
panoramas—a broad green field fenced round by a
mass of glittering snow, hundreds of miles of Alps
standing on end like the waves round Moses's
host. See the earth is teeming with spring-
life; the lark is carolling up in the air; the
seasons go round, even though Popes may scowl.
On one side of the vast square four legions of Na-
tional Guards are on drill, the Turin burgesses
playing at soldiers ; ay, and shaking off their sloth,
breathing fresh air, engaged in wholesome, even if
harmless, exercise, learning tidy and clearly habits,
gathering the gold;" which, according to, the wise
German saying, " the morning hour has in its
mouth." People are apt to take the value of free
institutions too much to the letter. National

Guards may be of little use either as soldiers or
policemen, but these ten thousand militiamen, use-
less only because people know not what uses they
may be put to, 12 years ago would have been_ in
bed, or in their dingy cafés, or, at the utmost, mus-
tering into hooded processions. Now they are
clad like men ; they have the bearing of men ; these
musters and manoeuvres, if they do no more,
strengthen, straighten, beautify the whole race,
and mental advancement keeps pace with physical
improvement. These men catch the spirit of dis-
cipline, of association—they become brethren in the
ranks. The National Guards in Daly is still an in-
stitution in its infancy. All efforts to turn it to
account have been unavailing as yet, though Pied-
mont has the example of Switzerland close at hand
to show how a man may supply the want of a sol-
dier. Yet neither is this citizen militia as idle a
piece of mere show as it is in France. The French
are already too military a people. Mock soldiers
are of little use where every man at the shortest
notice can be turned into a fighting machine ; but
the Italians, and to a certain extent even the Pied-
montese, had no taste for soldiering. The whole of
this Southern race lay prostrate, and almost
thought the trade of arms the exclusive privilege of
the Gaul and Teuton. To make Italy a country it
is necessary to turn the nation into an army.
Better these people should handle even a militia
musket than play on the flute.
Hark ! drums and trumpets! Here come soldiers

n right good earnest. They are some of the batta-
ions who marched up the hill of San Martino in
July last. Heaven save you, bravo Macedonians of
Italy ! Your stern discipline and hardened consti-
tutions have redeemed the name of the common
country from obloquy ; they have won over to
your King that crown which has been for so many
centuries the football of the Transalpine nations.
Breathe your sober, earnest, modest spirit into the
13ceotian Lombards and the Attic Tuscans, whom
your bravery has associated to your destinies.
There is, indeed, good hope that the work of amal-
gamation of the Italian military forces may soon
be prudently, no less than Ivigorously, achieved.
Tuscans, 2Emilians, and Lombards are to be ad-
mitted into the Piedmontese corps, without, how-
ever, swamping the old army by the too sudden
and general introduction of the new, raw mate-
rials. Every province of the united Italian king-
dom is to be garrisoned by regiments belonging to
some of the other provinces. The Pistoia Brigade,
for instance, will be quartered in Piedmont ; the
Aosta Brigade will take up its abode in 'Tuscany ;
only, however, withtrs.
ocoi
tftfs
jpni
means
Theamweadakbhmi
nsaietscorri
which it
atceiretltres
epecmgror
will
regiment
recruits
etsles
the
iotenananwa,
Lecthyeohoier atempa
hot
every corps shall be recruited out of the levies
e
rs-
bso consistsp
admitnp s lot niaestdoai nibnonyewe e dhts .heue nenl entirely
Lom-
bard squadron will fill its ranks with Bolognese
r
will remain always the same ; it will go by the
same name, it will be commanded by the same
officers ; but, as military service is limited to a few
years only, the extraneous elements will gradually
equal and eventually even outnumber the original
mass, and after four or five years the work of assi-
milation will be very nearly complete, without
having in any sensible manner altered the nature
or organisation of the corps. That the amalgama-
tion of the army will lead to the fusion of the
people no man need doubt. The constant shifting
oad,
fnt is t
garrisons willobe
hop
lead to
othegoodwillmutualof the va
understanding
s
members of a family so long estranged from each
other that their very consanguinity had become
mere matter of theory and faith. The arrival of a
regiment in a town of which the soldiers scarcely
knew the name, and in which they are taught to
consider themselves at home, among a people who
hardly understand the new-comers' dialect, and who
are yet made to hail them as brethren, gives the
whole mass of the population a practical definition
of the name of Italy—a name which was hitherto a
mere abstraction, but will henceforth be used to
designate that fatherland which Providence in
tended to belong to the Italians.

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I

we have on hand a heap of condemned stores in the
shape of weevily speeches belonging to Admirals of
the last century—none of whose names, so far i's we
kuov, are intimately connected with the planning
of any great British victory,—and we are still lack-
ing the explanations which the Government was
ready to afford as to its intentions in respect to
many points of very great interest both to the
public and to the naval service. This is a ilicthod
of interfering with public business which is con-
ducive rather to the amusement of aged offictrs
than to the advancement-of the interests of the ser-
vice which, in their more juvenile days, those
officers ornamented. The player who plays Mer-
cutio, and is killed off early in the tragedy, is satis-
fied when his part is over, and goes to bed, never
waiting, jaded old hand as he is, to see how the
Romeo drinks the paison, or how the Juliet
flourishes the dagger. So these veteran officers
seem to have thought that when they had made
their speeches all the rest was time wasted, and the
sooner the curtain dropped the better for all who
had spoken.
Sufficient, however, has been said to make it quite
evident that the project of a Navy Reserve has
proved an abSOlute failure. So little is tie Admi-
ralty competent to deal with the subject of manning
the ships they build, and so little do the profes-
sional men they consult understand the influencing
motives of the men they command, that they have
;pt•edneed.--an- elaborate scheme which for, the,
men no-inducements Whatever..' Alt -th"&e fapets •
we saw stuck about everywhere last autumn, which
were so special in their requisitions and so guarded
in their offers, turn out to be so much waste paper.
The Admiralty have contrived to invent 50,000
places under Government which no one will
accept. Every one who dared to act upon the
dictates of mere common sense said at the time
that it must be so. Even we ourselves, who
were most anxious to see success attend any
project for manning the Navy, could only
hopelessly wish this one well. It seemed to
be absurd •, but non-professional people must not
rashly apply the rules of common sense to profes-
sional suggestions until professional incompetence
has been proved by the result. That has now
been abundantly accomplished. Those eld gentle-
men at the Admiralty have shown themselves ut-
terly unable to put their pinch of salt upon Jack's
pigtail. That achievement requires some intelli-
gence, "some knowledge of the world as it is, some
acquaintance with the human nature of the nine-
teenth century. They can build ships and pull
them to pieces again, but they cannot raise, dis-
perse, and congregate men by official letters. The
trap has failed, the springes are all empty, and we
have no Naval Reserve. In this respect we stand
just in the position we held when Ministers under-
took the work last year. Then for a little moment
public opinion was fixed upon the importance
of this question. It was thought to be not
impossible that some . occasion might occur
to render it essential that we should be able
at any given moment to man every ship
we could put afloat in these English seas. Con-
trasts were then drawn between the facilities en-
joyltd by our neighbours and the difficulties which
we ourselves laboured under in this respect.
People thought gravely of the French system, by
which large bodies of conscripts are trained to act
as soldiers on seaboard, and of that further French
convenience which compels every seagoing French-
man to be registered for service in time of war.
Unfavourable comparisons were made between
this system and ours, which is to go into the
market and buy the men up as we want
them, but to make no preparations against any
unusual necessities. Under pressure of these re-
flections it was determined to have a Naval Reserve.
Everybody saw the absolute necessity for it, and
almost everybody thought he saw the best means
by which that necessity could be met—that is to
say, by paying the market price for it. The Coast-
guard seemed, however, to some to be capable of
expansion into a perfect system for keeping a suf-
ficient body of seamen in employment until we
wanted them. The Admiralty thought that £5 a
year would be a retaining fee sufficient to keep all
the Mercantile Navy at, the command of the (-). ii( en's
Captains. Our adviceat that lime was to do the

thing substantially and efficiently at once, and not
to grudge spending upon the 'means of manning
your' ships and your guns three per cent. of the
money which you are annually lavishing, and to
no slight extent wasting, upon those ships and
those guns. Of course,' we were not listened to.
The Admiralty were sure they could have the nicn
upon their own terms. It now proves that their
,Coastguard Reserve is not a reserve at all ; that
the men enrolled in it are to a very large amount
not gunners, not men-of-war's-men, not even
sailors, bid mere landsmen ; that the Naval Volun-
teers as a force do not exist ; that all the argu-
ments which were last year pressed so forcibly
against the absurdity of building ships and neglect
ing the most obvious precaution for manning them
apply as stringently at this hour as they did ten
months ago, when the whole nation was moved by
them,

Something must be done to repair this disgrace-
ful failure. So far as the Coastguard is conccrrrd,
Sir Charles Napier has given notice.of an intention
to bring it specially before the House of Commons.
Sir Charles, however, has not the art of investing a
subject with interest, or of inspiring his hearers
with confidence that his schemes or his ships will
work. What the public require is not a general
wrangle among all the ancient naval officers who
have seats in the House of Commons, but a means
of manning the navy. We want a naval reserve—
as cheap as may be, but only as cheap as may be
consistent with certainty and efficiency. We want
ourtohf
then
tni annual
fifteen n
letn use-
lessa a
us
a new institution by which men may be obtained
at any moment of emergency to man all those ships
we are building at such a tremendous cost. If we
fiarfetense
hon
millionsptso havelf we
ahene
damr
retrench
men, t
have
ae
vn letet
hthe e
s us
ships,
luxuryaise,
war.tar" wAhitchpreissennetewesesaarrye
ntoot
emvaekn
tending
make up our minds to buy that last " ha'porth of
g-stohVripasrdos
such an object as this. f
Failing in our ridiculous
offer to buy a reserve d
rea y grown, we are not even
attempting to breed one. We have, indeed, our
-Naval Schools and Training Ships, but they
are altogether inadequate even as a partial
effort towards this object. But why do we not
use the ships we have in commission for this
purpose ? Boys may be had in any number.
Uneducated, ungrown, unformed boys, are the
great drug of our social system. You may have
as many as you like of them at any moment.
Why should not that proud fleet which is sailing
about from port to port, gaining such glory from
an occasional encounter with a ten-knot breeze—.
why should not that fleet in these piping times of
peace be half-banded with boys ? So of that other
gay squadron which is doing its holiday work so
gallantly in the blue waters and in the pleasant
sunshine of the Mediterranean, but which has no
immediate prospect of hard work or heavy blows
—why should not that second fleet be a train-
ing school for future tars P The Captains
and the First-Lieutenants would, of course, ex-
claim in full chorus against any such proposi-
tion ; and, if a man-of-war were the captain's private
yacht, and were maintained out of the captain's
private funds, it would be most reasonable in him
and his .First Lieutenant to do so. Under such
circumstances a captain should never be asked to
carry troops, or to burden himself with stores, or
to take any man on board who might not be rated
on his books as an ablebodied seaman. He should
pass from port to port
as the exigencies of his own
temperament might require,and he should put
back unquestioned into his favourite dockyard
whenever his master reported to him that an extra
gallon of water was found inside his ship. But we
would venture to submit that so long as a ship-
of-war is built with public money, and kept afloat
at the expense of some hundred thousand pounds
a year, it is equitable as well as expedient that
she should conduce to the sustentation of the
service whereof she forms part. There arc
times when she must wear out able-bodied
ecamcn, bat there are also times
to create them g.
. A great deal mi e b c
done,
and inexpensively done, in this direction ; but we
do not suggest the that particular want of a navy
reserve could be thus altogether satisfied. 'the
habit of employing and educating a large 'lumber
of boys, however, would have a tendency to make
the British seaman rather a less rare and difficult
to be caught animal than he has recently been.
What we complain of is the neglect of many obvious
means, such as that which we have just painted
out, by which the Navy might, at the sacrifice of
some prejudices, and at the cost of a little trouble,
be made to a greater extent self-sustaining. But
upon the main question of a Naval Reserve we say
again what we ineffectually said ten months ago—
that there would be no difficulty in saving any sum
necessary to be spent on the human machines out
of the money already wasted upon the wooden and
A iron ones.—Tima.

•
BENSON'S WATCHES.
" Perfection of mechanism."--Morning Poet.

Goldi _ sto 100 guineas.
Silver 2to 50 guineas.
Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet, descrip-
tive of every construction of watch now made, with their
prices.
Watches sent to all parts of the kingdom free by post, or to
India and the Colonies for ss. extra.
33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London, E.C. Established 1749.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, will be performed THE OVERLAND
ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chip-
pendale, Mrs. C. Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins.
After which, a new fairy romance, THE PILGRIM OF
LOVE.
And THE 'BOARDING SCHOOL.

'ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENING, to commence with MY 'WIFE'S
OUT. Mr. Widdicomb and Miss L. Keeley.
Followed by THE FOOL'S REVENGE. BertuCcio, a
Jester, Mr. Phelps.
To conclude with the extravnza of THE SYLPHIDE.
Miss C. Leclercq, Miss Louise av,
Kaeeley, MISS Helen Howard,
Miss Rose Leclercq, Mr. Shore, Mr. Saker, and Mr. Frank
Matthews, Commence at 7.

ADELPHT, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole rroprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. W€bster.
THIS EVENING, April 17, will be reproduced the popular
original Adelphi drama of THE DEAD HEART.I Robert
Landry, Mr. B. Webster (who will make his 10th appearance
since his return from his greatly successful provincial tour) ;
Messrs. I'. Bedford, J. L. Toole, David Fisher, Stuart, C. J.
Smith, Billie ton, Eburne, Powell, Romer, Page; MissWool-
gar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Laidlaw.
After which (10th time at this theatre), the Grand Musical
Fairy Extravaganza, by J. R. Planche, Esq.. of THE FAIR
ONE WITH THE GOLDEN LOCKS. King Lachrymose.,
Mr. J. L. Toole ; Count Pleniposo, Mr. P. Bedford ; Viscount
Verysoso, Mr. C. J. Smith ; Graceful, Miss Woolgar ; Queen
Lucidora, Miss Emily Thorne ; Mollmopsa, Miss K. Kelly.
Box-office open from 10 till 5.
Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, £l.
Orchestra Stalls, 58. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, 3s. ;
Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, Is. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

ROYAL LY CEUM THEATRE.-
Under the management of Mr. Wm. Brough.
THIS EVENING, a new comic drama entitled NEXT OF
KIN. Messrs. Emery, S. Calhaem, Tilbury, &c. ; Mesdames
E. Travers and K. Saxon.
Alter which, the burlesque of THE FORTY THIEVES.
Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Clara St. Casse, Miss E.Travers,
Miss K. Saxon, Mrs. Wallis ; Messrs. Emery, Tilbury, &c. ;
and a numerous Corps de Ballet.
To conclude with THE MIDDY ASHORE. Miss Lydia
Thompson.
Commence at 7.

ROY AL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
King-street, St. *James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter-
ton. Directress, Miss Wndham. The nearest Theatre to
Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to
Carriages and foot passengers all hours of the night.
TR IS EVENING the performances will oommenaa with
A BORDER MA RRIAGE. Miss Wyndham, Mr. Robinson,
and Mr. C. Young.
After which, A CHANGE OF SYSTEM.
Followed by a new burlesque, LITC REZIA BORGIA AT
HOME AND ALL ABROAD. Mesdames Wyndham, E.
Scott, Cecilia Ranoc, Miss Clara Morgan, and the Corps de
Ballet.

To conclude with ' No. 40."
Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, is. The Box-office open
from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform
ance commences at 7.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor, Mr. Wbf. BATTY.
Sole Manager, Mr. EDWIN HUGHES.
THIS EVENING, and during the Week,
To commence with the immensely successful Grand Military
Spectacle, entitled "nu HISTORY OF A FLAG." New and
splendid scenery, costumes, and appointments, introducing
the stud of beautiful horses, ponies, camels, &c. &c. To be
succeeded by the Scenes in the Circle, supported by Madles.
Monet, Marie, and De Berg, and Messrs. H. Williams, De-
vereux, Fernando, and the Wonder of the World, Jonathan
Jack.

Doors open at half -past 6 o'clock, performance commence
at 7.

Box-office open daily from 11 till 4.
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST.

CONCERTS:

CANTERBURY HALL
THIS EVENING,
LUCRE ZIA. BORGIA,
(Donizetti).

Donna Lucreala Miss Russell.
Maffio Orsini Mrs. Anderson.
Gennaro Mr. Henry Herbert.
Don Alfonzo Signor Tivoli.
Conductor—Mr. Jonghmans.
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfleld, and E. W. Maclmey.
Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
beautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
sights of the metropolis.
The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening.

THE WEATHER.—SvN OFFICE, APRIL 19, 1860.
THERMOMETER, IN TICE SHADE.
52—highest since noon yesterday.
36—lowest this morning and during the night.
42—this day at noon.
BA.ROMETER—Down to 30.05 ; now up to 30.12.
WIND, Northerly ' • strong and squally, with occasional
showers of sleet and snow. It was very cold yesterday
afternoon, and during the night.

lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 12h. 52m.—Afternoon, lh. 9m.
TO-MORROW.-Morning, lh. 26m.—Afternoon, lb. 42m,

• •
,
.4*114.4. U • k
. ,
f;2'. C Ari I
16).
.1
• N't '
\

TII E SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1860,

We really expected better things of the
Quarterly. That distinguished organ of Toryism,

or as we must call it nowadays, Conservatism has in
its latest number (but just now published) under-

taken to raise anew upon a most extraordinary
plea the drooping standard of the Opposition. It
assumes to do this authoritatively in the name and
on behalf of the Groat Party martialled in the
Commons by Mr. DISRAELI, and in the Lords by
the Earl of DERBY. The occasion selected for the
enunciation of the astounding views to which we
are about very briefly to direct the attention of our
readers is that contrived for itself by (evidently) a
practised " hand" among the skilled corps of
the Quarterly Reviewers—namely, that of
the " political" article closing the current num-
ber of the Quarterly, a double-barrelled criticism
discharged simultaneously at the obnoxious Budget
of Mr. GLADSTONE, and at Lord JOT RUSSELL'S
4‘ Poor Little Bill" for the Reform of the Lower
House of Parliament. We shall say nothing what•

ever, at this moment, about those important sec-
tions of the elaborate paper here referred to, which
relate more particularly to the Fiscal and Finan-
cial schemes of our certainly rash and (to say the
least of him in this particular), over-ingenious
Chancellor of the Exchequer. Our design just now
is nothing more ambitious than to concentrate our
readers' regard for a few moments upon the singu-
lar method by which the writer in the Quarterly
endeavours to excite a feeling of repugnance
against what is really the one redeeming feature
in the Ministerial scheme of Reform in the
popular representation—namely, the extension of
the elective franchise in the boroughs from the ten
pound margin, as we may term it, to one embrac-
ing within it what the Quarterly designates (ob-
viously with a shudder), " the six pounders !"
It is tolerably certain, we believe, that if Mr.
DisuAELl's Bill had only been allowed to go into
Committee, instead of being disingenuously shirked
and evaded by Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S " dodging"
Resolutions—that plastic and elastic mea-
sure of the Tory Reformers would have been
so modified in Committee that it would have
been enabled to embrace within it prior to
its coming on for the Third Reading, this very
class now objected to so violently and vociferously
by. the Quarterly, namely, the one but just now spe-
cified as the class of the six-pounders. Of course,
while writing thus, we
lalre aware that we are
writing quite hypotheticay. But at any rate, we
distinctly assert, that what we have here stated is
beyond any manner of doubt, has been, ever since
the adoption of Lord Join's trickeryimpression—ahnorstesowu'e
•
resolu-
tions," the prevailing
might say, the' universal conviction Yet—
here is the great quarterly organ of the
Tory Reformers, now that Lord Dratßles
party is in Opposition—here is the Quar-
terly Review, in the name of that party, de-
nouncing the scheme of a six-pound franchise for
the Boroughs as a project (to represent its views
in the very mildest terms) very little less indeed
than absolutely revolutionary ! The language of
denunciation, in truth, is such, as directed against
the six-pound franchise, that we might conclude at
once that the Quarterly reviewer has very con-
siderably benefitted by the broad and ample
scope of Mr. BRIGHT'S favourite vocabulary.