The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-17 00:00:00

Actinz Wm. Smith.

A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WM. BATTY.
Immense success of Fitzball's new Spectacle of ROBIN
Noon, pronounced by the Press and the Public the most
beautiful and interesting Hippo-Drama ever produced at this
Theatre.
This Evening, the entertainments will commence with the
new Spectacle, in Three Acts, entitled ROBIN HOOD ; or,
the Merry Outlaws of Sherwood ; Allan-a-Dale, Miss Rebecca
Isaacs ; Robin Hood, Mr. John Pritchard.
To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders
of the day, including Mdlle. de Berg and Mr. James Cooke.
Doors open at half -past 6, performance commence at 7.
Box-office open daily from 11 till 4.
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST.
Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson.

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.-
EVERY EVENING,
A Grand Selection from the opera of
NORMA.

Norma .................... Miss RUSSELL.
Adalgisa ........ • • .......... Madame MARIA,
(her first appearance in this oountry.)
After which the EWIOPIANS, consisting, of Seventeen Per-
formers, organised expressly for this establishment, for the
Performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and
Sentimental, with Negro Delineations, Anecdotes, Sze. Prin-
cipal Negro Artistes, Messrs. Joe Brown, G. W. Pell, H.
Drummond, and Charley Fox.
Musical Director, Mr. F. JONGIIMANS.

Balcony, is —Hall, 6d.

THII WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, OCT. 17, 1860,
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.

54—this day at noon.
45—lowest this morning and during the night.
55—highest since noon yesterday.
Ba.uom-ETEu-30.0 ; rising rapidly.
WlND—Westerly ; moderate, with fine sunshiny weather,
It began to brighten up yesterday afternoon.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. 9m.—Afternoon, 3h. 31m.
TO-Istoßitow.-Morning, 3h. 53m.--Afternoon, 4h. 16m.

The French at Rome—this is the great illegality,
the great infringement of the nationality principle
of the present moment. VICTOR EMMANUEL, in
entering the States of the Church and the kingdom
of the Two Sicilies, has, it is acknowledged, set
aside diplomatic law or usages. But VICTOR EM-
MANUEL has, it is equally acknowledged, acted on
the sacred ground of the fundamental rights of
peoples. He has annexed no State—he has entered
no State, in which the vast majority of the people
were not eager to accept his monarchy and to send
their representatives to his free Parliament. When
the rights of the people and technical diplomacy
come into collision, that the latter ought to be tossed
aside with contempt, is what no liberal, no reason-
able man will deny. Here is the fair justification
of the King of PIEDMONT for all he has
done ; he needs no other. But the French at
Rome are purely unwarranted intermeddlers and
obstructors. They have neither diplomacy nor
fundamental principles on their side. No one asked
them to go to Rome ; least of all the people. They
went for the glory of the thing ; for the sake of
buying the aid of the Roman Catholic clergy in
France ; and, that they might match themselves
with the Austrians—at that time masters of the
Legations. They went, to the disgust of their own
soldiers, who were compelled, indeed, to fight for
their national flag, but who openly murmured at
being led to the subversion of a sister Republic and
the reinstatement of the odious temporal rule of the
POPE and his Cardinals. They went to be resisted
to the last by GARIBALDI and the brave people
themselves, and installed themselves there in defiance
of every law, human and divine—indeed by the
law of the bayonet only.
And as their title was originally bad, so twelve
years of ministering to ecclesiastical oppression
have not improved it. For this long time have the
French been acting a part little more justifiable
than that of the Austrians. They have imposed a
ruler on the people ; they keep him there. They
held the stirrups to his Holiness in 1848, they hold
his Roliness in the saddle in 1860, and prevent the
subjugated Romans from rearing, and plunging,
and Pitching his Holy Majesty to the ground till
this hour. Is this the' position for " generous
France," as Count CAVOUR terms her, to
occupy ? Is it
worthy of her to be the vicarious
oppressor of a
feeole--a very small people ?
For she is surely as responsible for all the
deeds of ANTONELLI as •
if she perpetrated them her-
self. And yet M. TuouyENL
, through his friend
BONIFACE of the Constitutio:nei, actually lectures
the King of SARDINIA for invading Naples at the
request of the Neapolitans !
France,force w ho a forces
herself on the Romans that she
may
Sove-
reign on them, takes to task a Sovereign who
goes to a people that have turned out their tyrant
King, and invoke his aid as a patriot King.
But what now is to be done with Louis NAPO-
LEON'S Frenchmen. There they stand between
Northern and Southern Italy, keeping Italy out of
her capital and the Romans out of their •
primary
rights. They are even increasing their numbers.
Till lately they did keep within unlucky Rome.
The country around welcomed the Sardinians, and
began to breathe. But all of a sudden they begin
to increase their numbers —to put garrisons in
the adjacent towns, and one of their last move-
ments is to reoccupy Viterbo, to compel the Sar•
dinians to leave it, to restore the Papal rule, and the
consequence is that the better part of the citizens
have felt obliged to emigrate to some part of free
Italy.

What is to be done with them. Neither GARI-
BALDI nor the King of SARDINIA can attack them,
the more cowardly, therefore, their conduct. They
are the very mozplots of Italian unity; Austria

occupies a corner of the country, but these intru-
sive Frenchmen occupy its Tory heart. Louls
BLANC, wiser on this subject than on some others,
observed the other day, very pertinently, at Glas-
gow—

As to the question itself, it appears to me that the
great difficulty lies in the presence of French soldiers
in Rome. I cannot help thinking that to attack the
French soldiers in Rome would be, on the part of Gari-
baldi, a step of a nature perhaps to imperil the cause of
Italian independence. On the other hand, it is impsssible
for Italy to become a united nation with Rome as its head—
its heart, the Eternal City, continuing to be the stronghold
of despotism, the den of Popery. No ; and the great ques-
tion is, how are the French soldiers to leave Rome ? Un-
fortunately, this is a great difficulty, because the French
ruler, as such, is interested in preventing the formation in
the south of Europe of a mighty nation ruled by principles
incompatible with those on which Lis own power is known
to rest. He is interested in preventing the formation of a
mighty nation capable of counteracting, on the continent of
Europe, the influence of despotism as exercised by such
governments as Russia, Germany, and I am sorry to say,
France."

He then asks, What is to be done ? In reply to
this inquiry, Count CAVOUR, who also says,—
" Our star, gentlemen, will direct us to look upon
the Eternal City, upon which five and twenty
centuries have accumulated all glorious memo-
ries, as destined to become the splendid
capital of our Italian Kingdom," replies,—
"It is a question which cannot be solved
by the sword alone ; moral force must aid
in the solution," and the chief moral means he relies
on he thus describes :—" I think the solution of the
Roman question must arise from the conviction
which will daily gain ground in modern society,
even in the great Catholic society, that freedom is
highly favourable to the spread of true religious
feeling. This truth, I feel confident, will soon
triumph." We confess we have some fear of the
early triumph of what seems to Britons so elemen-
tary a truth. Even Irishmen, who ought to know it
well by long experience, could be found enlisting
men to suppress liberty in Rome itself ; and
if men who have been nourished and brought up
in absolute freedom cannot'yet perceive its advan-
tages to the cause of un-hypocritidal Religion,—
how can we expect that Continentals, bred and
brought up in civil and religious serfdom, will
soon perceive them ? We believe the millennium
itself will come before Popes and Cardinals will
believe that freedom is the best nurse of religion.
The Count affirms, and we believe it, that there is
more lively and sincere religion in Piedmont than
there was twelve years ago—that is, that true reli-
gion has increased just in proportion as the clergy
there became subordinated to the State, subjected to
its laws, and driven from the care of temporalities
to the cure of souls. " You may have," he says,
the confirmation from all the venerable pastors of
this capital, although this diocese had not an en-
lightened prelate at its head, as befell to the lot of
other cities, where the bishops well knew how
to reconcile the precepts of freedom with
the canons of religion. When this opi-
nion shall generally prevail, as it soon will
(since the conduct of our army, the behaviour of
our high-souled Sovereign will have a tendency to
confirm it), when it shall take root in the minds of
other nations, in the heart of modern societies, we
feel assured that the great majority of enlightened
and sincere Catholics will acknowledge that the
august Pontiff who is at the head of our religion
may exercise his office in a far more free and inde-
pendent manner if he be guarded by the love and
affection of 22,000,000 of Italians than defended by
25,000 foreign bayonets."
But Rome will need other aid for her deliverance
—the public opinion of Liberal Europe, and not
least of England must come to her aid. Lotus
BLANC said at Glasgow—

"It is my impression that it must depend on you to
impel the British Government to obtain from
Louis Napoleon the withdrawal of the French sol-
diers from Rome. Public opinion, firmly declared on this
particular point, would have a great effect, not only on the
British Government, but on the French ruler himself, be-
cause he is evidently anxious at this moment to keep fair
with Great Britain ; and if he were convinced that the
withdrawal of the French troops from Rome is a conditio
sine qua non of friendly alliance with England, it is my
opinion that he would be wise enough to withdraw his
troops from Rome."

We are inclined to think he is right. In the
critical state of the continent, Louis NAPOLEON
cannot well dispense with our friendship, if not
alliance. He quite understands how enthusiastic
the people of this country are in the cause of
Italian liberty; he could feel it as no attack
upon him that we should demand his ceasing to in-
tervene in Italy. He has repeatedly declared that
Europe would not endure his permanent occupa-
tion of Rome, and he could at any time declare that
the occupation must cease. When once, therefore,
FRANCIS 11. is clear out of the way, and when
nothing breaks the continuity of Italy, from north
to south, but battalions of French foreigners—then
will be the time for England to agitate for the
withdrawal of the French army from Rome.

The intelligence from China is, everything consi-
dered, in the highest degree satisfactory. The
Allies had landed at the mouth of the Peiho on the
Ist of August, at a place called Peh-tang, and in a
skirmish with the Imperial cavalry had scattered
the Chinese as utterly as might have been confi-
dently predicted. Their attack upon the Taku
Forts, when the last accounts left, was then in
active preparation. So that by the next mail we
may anticipate the receipt of news of a decisive
character. Those Taku Forts, situated but a few
miles up the river Peiho, will be the first stage on
the road to Pekin—a road of some 150 miles in length
that the soldiers, sailors, and marines of the British
expedition will not be very long, we may rest
assured, in traversing. The delays that have
already occurred in the opening of the campaign of
this Third Chinese War are of themselves guaran-
tees that we shall not very probably see much
further procrastination. The plans of the Com-
manders-in-Chief, both military and maritime, are
by reason of those delays all the more likely to
have been by this time thoroughly matured.
Before September could have arrived the
Anglo-French expedition must in all likeli-
hood have appeared under the walls of the
Imperial City—resolved this time at least not to do
things by halves, not to consent to any supplemen-
tary compromise, but to bring to a final issue the
long continued misunderstanding between the
Europeans and the Chinese Government. It is in no
malignant spirit but simply in the interest of
humanity itself thot we insist upon the necessity of
our requiring expiation in the first instance from
those faithless and treacherous Asiatics upon whom
we have now once again been constrained by their
own heinous
en perfidys that this
n e two
war
ra k
hase
barr 0. u g
hFt o
dr twh
ne
own heinous perfidy to make war. For the
cal
upon them, they have only to thank themselves.
In the matter of this renewed conflict England and
France are wholly guiltless. The circumstances in
which the struggle now raging along the northern
coasts of China originated are only too vividly in
ovr painful recollection. The relatives of those of
our gallant sons who were barbarously murdered
so many long months ago by the dastardly
accomplices in that ever infamous ambuscade pre-
pared to bar the passage of the European

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THE SUN.
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCT. 17, 1860.