The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-04 00:00:00

ruE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 4, 1860.

exquisite taste, and of superb munificence—we
cannot but regret that he should have deemed it
necessary to mar the grandeur of his gift
by any such vexatious stipulations. Of
course, like his Grace the late oracular Duke of
NEWCASLLE, down at Clumber, Mr. SHEEP-
SHANKS the openhanded giver of the SHEEP-
SHANKS' Collection had a perfect right to do what
he liked with his own. He might had it so pleased
him, have enjoined that his gift was to be received by
the nation on condition that thenceforth and for ever
the hall porter at the principal entrance to the SHEEP-
SHANKS' Collections should be a skilled acrobat, who
should be required every day, on opening tho outer
portal of the gallery, to turn three summersaults,
to stand upon his head for seventeen seconds, and
turn wheel-fashion with outstretched arms and legs
once in a figure of eight. These or any others
might have been his stipulations. Instead of which
they are as they are—and hinc:ille lachrymce, hence
our lamentations over those ridiculous Brompton
Boilers, in which are entombed almost all the Bri-
tish pictures belonging to the nation, the gift to
England of Mr. TURNER, of Mr. VERNON, of Mrs.
ELLISON, of JACOB, and BELL, and AN GERSTEIN, and
of other munificent donors, as well as of Mr. SHEEP-
SHANS himself—gifts which Mr. SHEEPSHANKS
has helped thus directly to drag down into that
artistic slough of despond there at the south-east
corner of South Kensington ! We live in the hope
that Mr. SHEEPSHANKS will yet think better of it,
and that he will generously resolve to sweep away
his (as we cannot help regarding them) eccentric
stipulations. Then in that most desirable eventu-
ality—with the Royal Academy removed at length
(as it ought to have been long since) from
the space it now encumbers in Trafalgar-square
—the NATIONAL GALLERY (rebuilt) may be worthy
in all respect of the name of the National Gallery.
It may include among its treasures not only speci-
mens of the great European masters of the art, but
together with those other paintings which we na-
turally regard with peculiar pride and plea-
sure, the examplars of our English school, the gifts
of the genius and patriotism of JOSEPH MALLORD
WILLIAM TURNER, and of the generosity and
munificence of national benefactors like SHEEP-
SHANKS, JACOB, BELL, VERNON, and ANGERSTEIN.

The annual report of the Metropolitan Board of
Works has just been issued. We gave some ex-
tracts from it on Saturday. The High-level Sewer
is fast approaching completion, as, by the rates we
have had to pay, it certainly ought to be. The
drainage of our pockets will, we may hope, do
something for draining away from us the causes of
disease. The course to be selected for the North
Low-level Sewer depends, we are reminded, on the
settlement of the " important" question of the em-
bankment of the Thames. Important indeed it is ;
and when we consider the advantage:to the river ;
the advantage to houses and buildings, in regard
to security during the making of the tunnel; the
advantage to the streets of London by relief to
their traffic ; and, we may confidently add, the ad-
vantage to the property on the side of the river, i
and the avoidance of a long block-up of our busiest
streets, we can only say that the embankment
must be made. If properly gone about we cannot
doubt that it may be made a paying work. Mr.
TRAIN will doubtless help to make it so by a fair ,
contract for his street railway; or an ordinary
railway may perhaps be made. Compensation
should be all the right way. If the wharfingers
get wet docks for mud, and if the property adja-
cent to the embankment increase in value—then
the embankment might more properly demand a
contribution than be regarded as a ground of com-
pensation. What millions might have been saved
in negro emancipation, and in railways, if com-
pensation had been refused by Act of Parliament,
till loss or deterioration in value were proved after
the event. Let the condition be—compensation, if,
after a year or two you can show a property di-
minished in value—but with this additional condi-
tion, that if there be a rise in value of the property,
you contribute proportionally to the cost of the em-
bankment. How many of the owners of riverside
property would accept the alternative ? All would
know too well that their property would be per-
haps doubled in value.
We notice with pleasure, that the Commissioners
seriously think of the " utilisation of sewage-matter,"
as a probable source of profit to the public. Now,
therefore, is Mr. MECHI'S time. The High-level
Sewer will soon be complete. If his plan be
adopted, there will be no need to pollute the
Thames with its contents at all, or to incur the
expense of taking it quite so far. He will need all
the fluid that comes down, water as well. Even
the storm water will, he tells us, be valuable to
him ; though we should think he would have had
more than enough of water this summer. His
plan, if it will but answer, is far more applicable
than any other, to the termination of a large
sewer ; and that it will answer we have proof
not only from the experience of Mr. MECHI
himself, but from that of the little town
of Watford, whose 4,000 inhabitants receive from
the Earl of ESSEX £5O a-year for permission to
use what our huge London sewers will soon be
pouring forth abundantly. At the same rate,
the two millions and a half of London ought to
receive more than £30,000 a-year in diminution
of their Metropolitan Sewers rates ! We have
little doubt the sewage is worth much more, and
that any company who would undertake to utilise
it, avoiding of course, all the deodorisation non-
sense, would soon see its shares at a splendid
premium. It should never be forgotten that,
under a system of perfect utilisation of the sewage
and waste of a town, each town would produce
an additional amount of food, equal to its own
consumption.

His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Wur-
temburg and her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess
Olga, accompanied by their suite of attendants, have lef
Claridge's Hotel for Shanklin, Isle of Wight.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has
been staying during the past week at Gordon Castle, near
Fochabers, N. 8., on a visit to the Duke and Duchess o
Richmond.

His Excellency the Bavarian Minister and
Baroness de Cetto have left Hill-street for Brighton, to
pass the autumn at that favourite watering-place.
His Excellency the Prussian Minister and the
Countess Bernstorff and family have left the Prussian
Legation, on Carlton-house-terrace, for Brighton, with the
intention of residing there several weeks.

The Marquis of Itastings has arrived at Inistry-
wick House, Lochawe, N. 8., on a visit to Captain and
Lady Bertha Clifton, from Doningtou Park, Ashby-de-la-
Zouch.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Headfort have
left Claridge's Hotel, for Belgium.

The Marchioness of Abercorn, after visiting the
Earl and Countess of Lichfield, at Shnborough
Staffordshire, has gone on a visit to the Duko of Bedford,
at Endsleigh Cottage, the noble duke's romantic seat near
Tavistock.

The Earl Granville, the Lord President of the
Council, left his residence in Bruton-street, on Saturday, for
Germany.

The Earl and Lady Constance Grosvenor left
Calverley Park, their seat in Cheshire, on Friday last, for
Dunrobin Castle, N. 8., to join the family circle staying
with the Duke of Sutherland.

Laura Countess of Antrim and Lady Helen
111‘Donnell have left Lowndes-square for Pencarrow, on a
visit to Lady Molesworth.
_ _

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, who left
town on Friday for Brocket Hall, Herts, are entertaining a
select circle at their country seat.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Renter's office :

VIENNA, SEPT. 3.

The Austrian Gazette says :

" The first plenary sitting of the Council of the
Empire will be held on the 10th inst.
" A revolutionary committee has been discovered
at Verona. Its members have been arrested. The
papers which were seized throw a surprising light
on the proceedings of a neighbouring Power."

TURIN, SEPT. 2.

It is stated that the concentration of two Sardi-
nian corps d'arniee on the frontier, is owing to the
menacing attitude of General Lamoriciere.
According to advices from Palermo the elections
are to take place on the 15th inst.

ROME, SEPT. 2.

It is stated, in official quarters, that the French
garrison at Rome is to be increased by 3,500 men,
in order to better protect that city, as well as
Ciyita Vecchia and Viterbo.

General Ncue has been appointed Commander o.
:he French Division.

All political manifestations have been proh

bite d.

Ancona has been declared in a state of siege,
and the Papal delegate has been recalled.

Ponto Corvo and Benevento are almost in a state

of insurrectiot.

Agitation likewise prevails in all the other pro-
vinces.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SEPT. 4.
The Moniteur publishes the following letter
addressed to its editor by Prince Lucien Murat:--
" Sir,—l have to remonstrate against the inter-
pretation given to my letter by the Moniteur. I
have never had any pretension to engage before-
hand either the Emperor's policy or the alliance of
France. But I think, and I intended to say, that if
independently of any foreign influence, universal
suffrage manifested itself in my favour, the wish of
the people would doubtless not be less respected
as regards Naples, than it has been for the other
parts of Italy.—Accept,
" Sept. 1, 1860."

" L. MURAT.

BOURSE, Sept. 3.—Stock was rather offered at
the commencement of business, and for a time the
tendency was downward. A little rally afterwards
took place, but prices still remain lower than at
the close on Saturday. For Account, Threes, are
now at 68f sc. Mobilier, 688 f 75c; Northern,
953 f 75c; Mediterranean, 886 f 250; Austrian,
481 f 65c; Lombards, 475 f. The following are the
last quotations :-
41 per per Cents.,.. 98
Do. end month....

3 per Cents
Do. end month 6B 05
Bank Shares 2820

Credit ➢lobilier.,.. 692 50

Do. Account —

Credit Foicier 897 60
Belgian 4f 7S 50
Piedmontese Fives 7Bk
Roman
Austrian
Spanish Threes 4B
Home Debt .. —

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans 1375 .. 1375
Northern
New ditto
Lyons and Mediterranean 890 .. 888 75
Geneva 362 50 .. 365
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard

THE BOMBAY MAIL.

By Extraordinary Express, in anticipation of the
Overland Mail, we have received letters and
papers from Bombay to the 7th ult.
Already a high judicial officer, of no inconsiderable
reputation at Madras, has come forward in no am-
biguous manner to express his concurrence with

those who sympathised with Sir Charles Trevelyan,
and now we have not only soucars (bankers) and
bunneahs (tradesmen), but even the judges at Bom-
bay, openly contesting the legality of the measures
originated at Calcutta. It is impossible that such a
state of things can continue with advantage to the
state. From the statements made, it appears that
thewhole deficit—as the total expenditure for 1859 -60
in England and India amounts to £46,417,462;whi1e
the revenue for the year is only £38,127,332

is no less in amount than £8,290,130, and this
does not include the million sterling for compen-
sation, which is to be included in the charges

for 1860-61. The total of the estimated revenue

for 1860-61 is put down at £38,162,660. The
charges for the same period are estimated at
£45,510,679 ; in all leaving a deficit of £7,348,019.
To make up this total of expenditure the following
items are given :—Compensation, £1,000,000;
charges for collection, and cost of salt and opium,
£7,154,911; civil and political establishments,
i 3,397,746; judicial and police charges, £4,000,000;
public works, including military buildings,
£4,390,300 ; army charges, £15,276,320 ; navy
ditto, £888,900; interest on the debt, £3,124,070.
Total expenditure in India alone £39,600,970. The
home charges are set down at £4,403,770, but recent

advices from London increase the estimate under
this head to £5,333,217. Besides this, £1,455,939

is to be locked up for guaranteed interest in Eng-
land, and £50,000 for the same liability in India.
The million for compensation is an extraordinary
charge, which will not occur again ; bat, on the other
hand, the Indian estimate does not allow for nearly
n million, 'the amount, as already mentioned, by
which the English estimate of home charges ex-
ceeds the estimate prepared in this country. If the

chief features there of this estimate are correct, i
ought to be remembered that of the £3,124,070
which is set down as interest on the Indian debt, at
least one-half of that amount ought to be regarded
as a British rather than an Indian liability. A large
portion of this burden was incurred not for local, but
purely national purposes. What can be more un-
just than to saddle the Indian Exchequer with the
outlay entailed by the Chinese and Persian wars,
or with the whole expense of the Affghan and Bur-
mese expeditions ? It would not be using too large
a word to say that probably not less than two mil-
lions of the interest on the Indian debt ought in
equity to be made a charge on the finances of the
three kingdoms. This would reduce our deficit for
1859-60 from £8,290,130 to £6,290,130, and for
1860-61 from £7,348,019 to £5,348,019. Admit,
then, that it is possible to retrench our military
expenditure to eleven millions and a half, which
was the total charge before the mutiny, in-
stead of fifteen millions and a quarter, which
is the estimate for the next official year, and
it is pretty clear that the deficit apprehended
for 1860-61 will have almost disappeared. Our
expenditure will be only a million and a half in
excess of our revenue ; and can we not economise a
million and a half per annum? Look at the cost of
the Indian Government. Home charges £5,333,217,
with a council at £3,000. per annum, which is pro-
nounced by the secretary, its chief, incompetent to
advise on any important question; a Governor Gene-
ral who, in five years, absorbs upwards of £200,000 ;
councils which, except at Madres, are mischievously
incapable, at a cost of £5,000 a-year. The civil and
political establishment of India are rated at no
less a sum than four millions a-year, or more
than 10 per cent. on the gross revenues of the
country. Ido not know whether this figure includes
the £l,OOO a-year whidh Mr, Wilson has been per-
suaded to accept from an impoverished exchequer,
for disordering and disturbing the loyalty of the
population of the non-mutinous presidencies of
British India; but the arithmetic in which I have
perhaps too copiously indulged suggests a suspi-
cion that reduction has not reached its utmost
limit—that councils, if the treasury is emyty, may
be abolished with benefit to the finances both in
London and Hindostan—that a Governor-General,
equal to Lord Canning in rank, and not inferior in
ability, may be found capable of presiding over all
Northern India (Madras and Bombay being governed
independently), for a consolidated allowance of
£20,000 a-year ; and, finally, that civil and political
salaries may be gradually reduced, the rights of the
present generation being respected,so that the charge
for these establishments shall not exceed two millions
and a half. The judicial charges, which are a dis-
tinct item, may, in like manner, be subjected to
substantial retrenchment. Depend upon it, Sir
Charles Trevelyan knew what he was writing about.
One of the ugliest scorpions with which Mr. Wilson's
income-tax has scourged the Anglo-Indian popula-
tion, is the double thong with which the lash
descends upon our backs. Officers with Indian
pensions, officers on furlough, holders of Indian
securities, will all have to pay an Indian tax and an
English tax—Wilson's income tax and Gladstone's
income tax. Is it not iniquitous ? If an old officer
draws apension in England of £3OO a year for service
in India he will be called upon to hand over 4 per
cent. to the Indian Exchequer, and 10d. in the pound
to Downing-street. Surely since the days of Front de
Besmf and his compeers, who used to replenish their
purses by a little amateur practice as dentists on
the mouths of wealthy Israelites, there never was
a more cruel injustice perpetrated by the potentates
of that illustrious nation which is so fond of singing
uproariously—
"'Tis a glorious charter, deny it who can,
The name of a free-born Englishman."

It is a melancholy task to add that Sir Henry Ward,
the Governor of Madras, died at Government House,
Fort St. George, after a few hours' illness, on the
night of Thursday, August 2. It is announced
that this eminent administrator, whose decease will
be a grave loss to the Presidency, fell a victim to
cholera, which for some weeks had been raging
in Black Town and its environs. It is, however, a
fact not without significance, that this amiable
and able statesman expired on the day after that on
which the income tax came into operation, and it is
rumoured that a short time before a placard of a'
threatening and violent character was found in the
Government House. It is to be hoped if these ru-
mours are without foundation that the authorities
will lose no time in meeting them by an explicit
contradiction.
The lion. W. Morehead, who has always enjoyed
a high reputation as a public servant, succeeds the
lamented ruler whom India has lost as Provisional
Governor of Madras. This is the second time within
a period of one short month in which Mr, Morehead
has been preferred to the chief seat in the Madras
Council. It is stated in the Bombay Times and
Standard that the late Sir Henry Ward had been
selected by the Cabinet for the high position of
Governor-General of India in the event of Lord
Canning's death during the mutiny.

COMMERCIAL.

BOMBAY, AUG. 7.

The past fortnight has been one of great sluggishness in
nearly all kinds of business, and even the slight demand
which we had to notice last mail for cotton piece goods has
nearly subsided. The public weather reports continue onthe
whole favourable, but the natives state that their private
advices from the growing districts speak of an insuffi-
ciency of rain having fallen. Money is still abundant,
and the bank's rate of discount is unchanged. The number
of spinning and weaving companies now in course of forma-
tion threatens, if carried out, to create quite a revolution in
the market for English manufactures. Including one
already working at Broach and ono projected at Ahmedabad,
the whole of the establishments will represent more than a
million sterling of capital, working over 300,000 spindles and
4,000 looms in this presidency. A good deal of speculation
continues in shares, but Government Securities are still
falling, and we now only quote 831 for Four, 97: for Five,
and log per cent. for Five-and-a-Half per Cent. paper.
The Income Tax Bill is at length passed, its operation to
be commenced from the Ist instant, and the first quarter's
payment falling due on the Ist of November.
In consequence of the continued bad advices of the Eng-
lish market, cotton has further declined from Es. 8 to 12
per candy. No European houses are purchasing, and the
dealers being compelled either to ship on their own account
for England or China or lower their prices much further,
are for the most part choosing the former alternative, and
electing the chance of the China market, where, however,
prospects do not appear very promising.