The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-23 00:00:00

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piaci& 4D. STAMPED, 510.

' the prospects thus offered are almost genuine.
sometimes actually so. We remember one of our
Own correspondents being struck with an announce-
ment on which a sergeant had 'ventured, to the
effect that in India a British soldier if tired on a
march would be carried in a palanquin, and if
thirsty would be served with hot coffee. To his
surprise, when he himself was employed on Indiant
service,
the truth.
Ice,hterufeund that the description wag p y
near
Proceeding according to his own distributian of
the subject, M. Esquires concludes that the impn lee
which operates in getting us recruits from Irelat,'d
is that of necessity, while in Scotland the motiv eo
is that of patriotism or inclination. He is right LI
the latter case, in so far at least as he attributes an
essentially martial character to the Scottish people,
but he is wrong in explaining this by the predo-
minance
of Celtic blood; and, indeed, he might have
recollected that this theory would have applied far
more forcibly to the case of Ireland. We suspect
that Irish recruits have a very genuine inclination
towards the army, and that, as a rule, they enlist
under a less degree of pressure than their English
brethren. But the stern martial spirit of the Scot-
tish nation is a very different thing from thenoisy
pugnacity of a Celtic race, and belongs, indeed, to
a Teutonic people. The Scots of history—the
Scots who organized and maintained against all
assaults an independent and famous kingdom—are
as m.nch Saxons, or, at any rate, as much English
as we are. The blood and language of the Gaels
took refuge in the remote districts of the country,
and left all the work and representation of the
State to be sustained by men, who came of the
same stock and spoke the same tongue as their
neighbours over the border. No doubt, we raised
regiments with great facility from the Highland
clans,_ but so we did also from the population of
the Lowlands; and England, after all, supplies
more than its full proportion to the armies of
the Empire. What is the predominant impulse in
our own case ? Is it "necessity ?" So M.
Esquires thinks, no doubt; but we could easily
upset the assumption. It is probably a mixture of
all motives. Patriotism has clearly a share in the
business, for recruits always join eagerly at the
first symptom of war. Inclination has something
to do with it, as the turn of roving spirits testifies,
and we do not deny that when a lad " takes the
shilling" he is usually but ill provided with other
specimens of that coin. But the Army is not so
much a refuge for the destitute as it is a resort for
the adventurous, the restless, and the unsteady,
who have been brought by these very tendencies
to the want of a calling, and who are tempted at
once by the offer of plenty and the prospect of
change to embrace the profession put invitingly
before them.— Times.

ELECTION OF AN ALDERMAN.

Yesterday, at two o'clock, a wardmote, at which
the Lord Mayor presided, was held in Walbrook for
the election of an alderman for that ward in the place
of the late Mr, Wire, recently deceased. For many
years past no seat has become vacant in the Court
of Aldermen for which there has been a keener
contest, or for which the candidates have been more
numerous, although at the eleventh hour the num-
ber has been narrowed down to two—namely, Mr.
James Clarke Lawrence, a son of the late and bro-
ther of the present alderman of that name, and Mr.
Linklater, the eminent practitioner in the Court of
Bankruptcy, between whom the struggle now lies.
From remissness in registration the number of the
constituency is only about 120, but an unusual
amount of popular feeling, not confined to the elec-
toral body, has been enlisted on both sides, and for
the last fortnight the ward has been marked with
all the tokens and excitement of a contested elec-
tion for a member of Parliament in a little country
town. The candidates were yesterday attended to
the place of nomination by a strong muster of their
friends, and a good deal of partisan feeling was
evinced on both sides, but controlled at the same
time by great good humour. Mr. Tindal Atkin-
son, the barrister, attended as the legal adviser of
Mr. Lawrence. Mr. Linklater was his own client
in that respect. Mr. Henry Child, the Ward Clerk,
having read the precept authorising the election,
The LORD MAYOR, in opening the ceremony,
paid a tribute to the memory of Mr. Alderman
Wire, than whom, his lordship said, there never
was a gentleman who held a higher place in the
affection of his constituents—a compliment to which
the whole meeting returned a generous response.
Mr. Lawrence was then proposed as a candidate,
in complimentary terms, by Sir Anthony Roths-
child, and seconded by Mr. Edward Thompson, of
Salter's-hall.
Mr. Linklater, in his turn, was nominated by
Mr. Benjamin Wilson, and seconded by Mr. J. S.
Dane.
Mr. LAWRENCE then addressed the meeting. He
adverted to the flattering requisition which had
been presented to him to become a candidate for the
vacant aldermanic gown, and to his hearty reception
by the electors in a personal canvass of the ward.
After alluding in some detail to his prospects of
success, be said he based his claims to represent
the constituency partly on the connection of him-
self and his family with the ward, but more on the
great interest he took in the civic affairs, believing
as he did that in the existence and maintenance of
the municipal institutions of the country lay the
secret of its liberties, seeing that by them the citi-
zens were trained to habits of self-discipline and
self-government, which produced in the minds of
the people that attachment to the constitution and
that respect for the laws which rendered us as a
nation the admiration of the world. (Cheers.) Mr.
Lawrence stated, at greater length than it is neces-
sary to repeat here, the views and feelings by which
his public conduct would be guided if chosen to re-
present the ward, and met with a cordial reception
from the meeting in general.
Mr. LINKLATER, after some facetious observa-
tions as to his prospects of success, and a reference
to matters purely personal arising out of the con-
test, or only of local interest, said that in these
critical times it behoved the citizens to consider
well whom they elected to civic offices. Year after
year, he said, had the corporation of London been
singled out for reform, so called, but which meant
the confiscation of the rights of its citizens. (Hear.)
In every session of Parliament for some years past
it had been threatened with entire annihilation,
and among the supporters of Mr. Lawrence on this
occasion he could point to more than one gentle-
man who, in their evidence before the Commission
of 1854, had gone the length of saying in terms,
though they were not advocates of the abolition of
all municipal rights, that they could wish to see the
Corporation of London swept from the face of the
earth. (" Name, name," and some uproar.) He
cited, in contrast to that expression of feeling, the
eulogium of the Municipal Commissioners for Eng-
land and Wales of 1834, in their published report,
to the effect that the Corporation of the city of Lon-
don was a brilliant exception to the rule among
municipal institutions in general, and that from
time immemorial the public interests of the citi-
plooftedlo
zens had been zealously guarded and
the Court of Aldermen and the Court of Column
Council. (Hear, and cheers:) He then glan_
rum unhaPPY
and charac-
br:efly at what he designated
ddifftyerein:.cltch arose between the Olvvin
;„,.....otgatea
:he Commissiir
.tile
brie adverted to
years later of. resulting in the apyln
the position of the C°Trignorance of the charm-
ur weu - bad clamoured for its
ter of the civic constitution,
ou becoming better ac-
tmentanadewe,
reform, but had afterwards
which he said sought to confiscate
quainted with its by
and ac-
as distinguished frar Corporation ' •
contained
knowledged that
teristicsd,ear become
them
t choll 8:
t°:
ire
e tr 7nz' tet rliathgcaeot nswnnht
t calculated to render
ments within itself ca
the
the first institutions. in e world. He pointed to
had de-
scended to them from time im •
memorial. That
measure was withdrawn, but in 1858 another
equally objectionable, as regarded' he harm it was
calculated to inflict on the ancient rights and pri-
vileges of the citizens, was introduced, and but for
the timely opposition it received, in particular,
from the present Lord Mayor and one of the mem-
bers for Gloucestershire in the House of Commons,
had nearly becathe the law of the land. Speak-
rithgehtßsill of 1856,
Speak-
ing of the Bill of 1859.60, he complained that it
proposed that the livery by whom the Lord Mayor
was elected should cease to have a voice in the
future elections of, the chief magistrate, and that
the right of election should be vested in the persons
who had the power of exercising the elective fran-
chise within the City of London. He also depre-
cated the proposed combination of the Words of
Walbrook and Cheap, which would tend' to limit
the number, and so lessen the influence and con-
sideration of the Court of Aldermen ; and he pro-
mised in conclusion, if elected to devote all neces-
sary time to the duties which the office would

5
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IN 11:WS pApER
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_4oy, Iro
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devolve upon him, remarking, on Ms o ' ..: .' 3t..!;---.',. ?; ?-•
rience, that those who applied thenaselve47:` ,4, „,_,_,-', A
lously to professional pursuits valued how. %:' t.rf"-,71,, •
labour more than hours of ease, for— --___ -9Y
" Want of occupation was not rest. •NI
" A mind quite vacant was a mind distrest."
In answer to questions put by Mr. Watkins, an.
elector of the ward, both candidates expressed.
themselves desirous of maintaining the existing
rights of the livery.
A show of hands was then taken, which the Lord
Mayor declared to be in favour of Mr. Lawrence;
and a poll being demanded by Mr. B. Watson on
behalf of Mr. Linklater, his Lordship appointed it
to commence this (Friday) morning, at 10 o'clock,
and to close at 4 this afternoon, in conformity with
the provisions of the statute regulating civic elec•
tions in the city of London.

ME EMPEROR AND THE POPE.

The press is beginning seriously to di,:icuss the
pamphlet of M. Cayla on the Emperor separating
from Rome and making himself head of the Church
of France. The Steele has an article on it to day,
from which the following are extracts
M. Y. M. Cayla has seen the excesses to which
certain heads of the clergy have abandoned them-
selves in recent times—the ingratitude they have
displayed to those even who alone have opposed a
serious obstacle to the complete destruction of the
Papal temporalities. These excesses and this in-
gratitude are not new facts in our history ' they
have occurred every time that the interests of Rome
have not been those of France. Such ;
being- the
case, M. J. M. Cayla thought of the great expe-
dient of former times—that is a separation—not a
schismatic separation like that of England, but of
amicable separation which would be a kind of fede-
ration. We should remain Catholics without de.
pending on the Pope, who would continue tobe the
nominal chief, and the institution of universal suf-
frage would be applied to Catholicism, as *we have
frequently, demanded. Let us permit M. J. M.
Cayla to explain his system. The situation' he
says 'is false, intolerable—let us hasten to get rid
of it.' Now, of all solutions, the most simple and,
as appears to us, inevitable, is the emancipation of
the French Government from every Roman tram-
mel. It is to restore its civil constitution to the
clergy. It is the chief the State uniting the two
Powers Let nobody believe that we think of re-
, commending the schism of Henry VIII. We are
no longer in the time of schisms and heretics. John
Huss and Luther ran the risk of having only very
few disciples. Religion had been so tortured that
Europe had fallen into the most complete indif-
ference. The Emperor, as Head of the national
religion, would have no need to break with Rome
with respect to dogmas. The Pope, as simply
0, spiritual Sovereign, would continue to
e:s.ercise an influence over Catholicity, the
gree\ter as the Papacy would again ap-
proac,ll the simplicity of the primitive Church.
As regeArds France especially, the Head of the State
would direct the administration of public worship
as a sovereign. Paris being the centre and the
heart of Fre.nee, the Archbishop of Paris would be
named grand i'atriarch. An cecumemical council
would assemble every year to regulate the state of
Catholic worship. The grand Patriarch, delegated
by the Head of the State, would preside at this
al councils should be con-
council. The provinei
yoked several times ever T year, according to the
wants of the dioceses. The Pope might be repre-
sented in the councils by efeedinals and Bishops,
who should have only a consuJting voice. There
should be 12 Cardinals named directly by the head
of the State, who should compo,se in turn the
Council of the Patriarch. The pres.'nt Bishops
should be maintained on the condition of adopting
relates
the national religion. In future the P
should be elected by universal suffrage. 'I h,.
com-
munes should name several electors for each Pan-
ton ; these electors should proceed to the chi,fA
town, and elect the Bishop, who should prove hie
quality of Frenchman. Mere priests should be
eligible, according to that practice which existed
in the early period of Christianity. The parish
priests of communes should be elected by the inha-
bitants of the parish."
The ,Siecle takes some objection to one part of
M. Cayla's project. It says:—
" He wishes to wake the Emperor the head of
religion in France. Is it well for a partisan of
the separation of the totiporal and spiritual power
to propose such a solution We will not have the
Pepe spiritual and temporal at, the same time ; and
here we give to the Emperor the two crowns. Let
us be logical. Why wish to do in France what
we reprobate at Rome? We believe, therefore,
that the title which M. Cayla has given to his
pamphlet has already attracted disfavour to it. The
Emperor has already power enough, without being
under the necessity of asking for more. rope and
Emperor is really too much, however gt.eat our
good wishes may be."

)

a S

THE DRAINS AT BRIGHTON.

The following letter appears in the Lancet:—
" Two months ago I took a house in one of those
fine eastern terraces facing the sea at Kemptown,
Brighton. The abundant rain which had fallen
probably prevented me from detecting any disa-
greeable smell at the time, and the ti,gent, in reply
to my inquiries, told me that the drainage was ex-
cellent. In the course of a fortnight, .however, I
began to be annoyed by foul effluvia ti-om the
drains, and soon afterwards the cook was prosk!rated
with fever, and confined to her bed during a s-rsace
of ten days. My children and servants sickened i.n.
succession, and were attacked with headache, sick-
ness. and febrile derangements, clearly attributable
to poisonous atmospheric agency. Examination
showed that the drainage of the house was
wretchedly imperfect. My youngest child did not,
unhappily, escape so lightly as the rest of my
household, and I have just brought her back to
London, suffering from a most severe form of dip-
theria, which, I need not tell your readers, arises
almost invariably from bad drainage. 1 immediately
wrote to the agent, and when stating th.° circum-
stances warned him of the responsibility he incur-
red in again letting the house until the condjtion
of the drains had been thoroughly investigated. in
reply he stated, ' I have made every inquiry into
the state of the drains and water-closets, and find
them unobjectionable.' On receiving this stereo-
typed answer, I sought an interview with the late
Mayor, who is a fellow-practitioner, and asked his
assistance. He told me there was no officer of public
health at Brighton. He admitted the objectionable
state of the drainage of the town, and told me he
had been for years urging the subject on the atten-
tion of the Town Council, but in vain. As I could
offer no evidence that the evil complained of ex-
tended beyond the house, he could not render me
any assistance. I next appealed for advice to Mr-
Simon, at the Board of Health in London. He told
me Brighton had not put itself under the prisdie-
tion of the London Board. If an epidemic broke
out, the Council could send a commission
otobienvheasa-
tigate the subject ; but in a case likee
inrall.laoce,
,asions
no power, and although he had oneev
alluded to the bad drainage of Brightc!n in Las
still remained
remained.
port, the evil, he was well awfdtreio Dr. F
unaltered. Lastly, pint Peale the Farr, at
following pas_
Somerset-house ;he pd out
Re is
from a recent report of the R
General :—' The, mortality in many of the towns
excessively high, and this been notably
has been
e in Brighton. To take one instance, the
I the cas
(386) exceeded the births (377) in St. Peter's,
deathsurar Brighten,
The Registrar adds, ' The inhabitants
":f this sub-district are chiefly artisans, mechanics,
and the labouring poor. In many of their dwel-
lings a very insufficient 8
available to them, owing -supplyof water has been
weather in the first portion to the dryness of the
of the quarter, the water
in the wells in use h
is no effeetualudriai having been very low. There
drainage attached to their dwellings,
and the oc
munieacst7 e system is in general use.' In my
with mu h ons with these gentlemen I have met
than one official sympathy, but no redress; and more
latter Ie official authority has told me that for the
must appeal to public opinion thro*gh thi.
press. It is, then, to assist the energetic local re-.
formers, who are anxious to improve the sanitary
state of Brighton, and render it one of the most
healthy and (as I believe it to be) desirable resi-
dences during the autumn months, that I appeal,
sir, to you, even at the risk of damaging for the
moment the pecuniary interests of the lodging'
hot.:qe keepers during this season, when the town ig
with fashionable society. All agFee
overtio swing
that as le.:lg as Brighton fills, and the profession,
recommend 1-I,' as an autumn residene, the rate-
r the expense of.3:flaking sewers
payers will not incur
idual landlords
in place of cesspools, nOr will indfl
even trap the old ones."
___...........■•

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