The Sun.
London, England, 1860-03-15 00:00:00

WEDDING STATIONERY, including every
requisite.—Beautiful and elegant designs by DE LA
RUE and Co. A sample packet and price list sent free. No
charge for carriage on orders oYer 20s. The London Depot
for De La Rue and Co.'s manufactures—llENßY GOOD'S,
60, Moor,Tate-street, E.C.
Card plates and crest dies engraved fa the first style. and
note papers beautifully embossed in coloured relief, or if plain,
*tamped without charge. An illustrated catalog-tie will be
forwarded free on application.

BURROWS AND CO., Wholesale Wine Mer-
chants, LIVERPOOL. ,
stores Lime-street.
Offices 54, Duke-street.
The Proprietors beg most respectfully to call the attention
of the trade, noblemen, clergy, &c., and the public in general,
to their extensive stock of Choice Wines, of rare vintages.
BURROWS and Co. are not disposed to comment upon the
purity of their wines, which is daily most laudably acknow-
ledged by the public and eminent medical men of all coun-
tries, as the increasing patronage of the highestfamilies in
the land is a sufficient 'uarautee.
They be to call particular attention to their pure Tonic
Wines, as being so valuable to Invalids and persons of weak
stomachs.
A sample case, containing three full-sized wine bottles.
will be forwarded to any address on receipt of P. 0.0. for 6.,
6d., or a dozen for 245.
It is a well-known fact that impure and adulterated wines
are the greatest foes to health, producing acidity in the
stomaoh, and debilitating* the d'gestive organs, while pare
wines will accelerate the digestive powers, invigorating,
strengthening, and bracing the nervous system.
Their Tonic Wine is admitted to be most essential to in-
viable, both old and young, and should never be absent from
the homes of the weak and sickly. Its properties are duly
aolsoowledged and appreciated by the leading men of the
taculty, both at home and abroad.
To prevent imposition each bottle is sealed with the name
of the firm.
All orders to be made payable to HENRY BURROWS.

MASSACRE OF INDIANS.

We copy the following from the San Francis**
end Ocean Mail Letter Never, as journalists,
have we been called upon to comment upon so flag-
rant and inexcusable an act of brutality as is in-
volved in Gen. Kibbe's last Indian war—a scheme
of murder conceived in speculation and executed in
most inhuman and cowardly atrocity. If the account
of Mr. George Lount, a resident of Pitt River, be
true, Gen. Kibbe and all the cowardly band of cut-
throats who accompanied him should be hung by
the law for murder; for murder it is, most foul and
inexcusable. Sixty defenceless Indian women and
children killed in their own raneheria at night, by
an armed band of white ruffians. The massacre of
Glencoe does not afford its parallel for atrocity.
This band of Indians were friendly, had committed
no outrage, were on their own lands, in their own
homes, only 10 Indian men with them, unarmed
and helpless. Gen. Kibbe's name, if responsible
for these acts, should be more infamous than Hay-
nau or any of the licensed butchers of tyranny.
This massacre is not excused even by the common
plea of expediency, policy, or neeessity which has
palliated the butcheries of history. The Indians
have been driven from their hunting ground by
the white man's stock. Their fishing racks have
been destroyed by the caprice or for the convenience
of the white man. Their grasshoppers are driven
away by the cultivation of the soil. Their acorns
are exhausted by the white man's hog, and, driven
to desperation by actual want and starvation, they
have stolen the white man's ox. When Governor
Weller, on Sept. 15, authorised W. J. Jarboe to or-
ganise a company of 20 men to make war on the In-
dians who had been stealing stock, every man pro-
vided his own horse, rifle, revolver, knife, and am-
munition. In 70 days they had 15 battles (?) with
the Indians ; killed more than 400 of them; took 600
of them prisoners, and had only three of their own
number wounded and one killed. In 13 of their
fights the whites were the assailants, attacking the
red men either in their rancheriae at daylight, or
encamped soon after having stolen stock. In two
cases the Indians were the assailants.' Brave gal-
lant Jarboe ! Brave and gallant Twenty.' Under
the license of law; under the cover of night ; in
the safety of your ambush, you have murdered in
fold blood more than 400 sleeping, unarmed, igno-
rant, unoffending Digger Indians, men, women, and
children. Listen to the horrible detail of one of the
most atrocious massacres !—' The attacking party
rushed upon them, blowing out their brains and
splitting open their skulls with tomahawks. Little
children in baskets, and even babes, had their heads
smashed to pieces or cut open. Mothers and infants
shared the common fate. The screams and cries of
the victims were frightful to hear, but no supplica-
tion could avail to avert the work of devilish
butchery. It will scarcely be credited that this
horrible scene occurred in Christian California,
within a few days' travel from the State capital.
Humanity sickens at the thought. Many of the
fugitives were chased and shot as they ran. Where
whole families had been butchered was indicated
by heaps of bodies, composed of the mother and
her little ones. The children, scarcely able to run,
toddled towards the squaws for protection, crying
with fright, but were overtaken, slaughtered like
wild animals, and thrown into piles. From under
the haycocks, where some of them had taken re-
fuge, they were dragged out and slain. One
woman got into a pond hole, where she hid herself
under the grass, with her head above water, and
concealed her papoose on the bank in a basket.
She was discovered, and her head blown to pieces
—the muzzle of the gun being placed against
her scull—and thas e covered with blood, hild was drowned in the pothe
nd.
The ground w c
brushwood ranches, of which there were 50 or 60,
were filled with the dead bodies. Old decrepit
squaws, young girls, and infants, none were spared.
Guns knives, and hatchets were used, but
the favourite method appears to have been stav-
ing in the head with tomahawks. The blush of
dawn shone upon this fearful spectacle, and still
the massacre went on. Some of the wretched crea-
tures had lived wit
this iniquitous deed goesh the veren who now struck
un-
them clown. Yet
punished—unpunished did we say? A bill of nearly
70,000 dols. is now before the Legislature await-
ing payment, to be distributed, in part, among these
crimsoned murderers ! Many of the women were
found butchered with their children in their arms
—the mother's head blown or cut to pieces, and
that of the child split in twain by tomahawks. In
their blind and insatiate fury they killed one of their
own party (M'Elroy) while firing into a bevy of
squaws who had huddled together for protection.
When the slaughter was over, the shambles were
examined, and more than 60 squaws and children
and 10 Indian men were found dead on the field.'
Let this matter be thoroughly examined. Let
10,000 dole. be expended to ferret out and bring to
justice the guilty party. It is due to humanity.
It is due to the fame of the State. It is due to the
Democratic party. It is due to the Indian."

The annual meeting of the subscribers to the
Royal Literary Fund was held yesterday at the
office, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, Earl Stan-
hope in the chair. There were also present Mr. W.
M. Thackeray, Mr. Monckton Milnes, M.P., Mr.
Panizzi, Mr. R. Bell, Mr. W. Tooke, the Rev. Dr.
Major, Mr. F. Godwin, &c. The minutes of the
last general meeting having been read and con-
firmed, the hon. secretary read the report of the
council for the past year, from which it appeared
that during the past year they had expended £1,640
in relieving the wants of distressed authors and their
families. The total number of grants, was 49, of
which two were of £lOO each, one of £7O, three of
£6O each, five of £lO each, and the others of smaller
sums. Of the applicants 35 were gentlemen and 14
ladies. Among the latter were five authoresses, the
other nine being the widows of authors. Several
of the applicants were relieved for the seventh time
out of the fund. Of the total sum distributed, the
gentlemen received £985, and the ladies £655. The
corporation commenced the year with a balance in
hand to the extent of £205, including which, its
total income arising from the fund, house property,
subscriptions, and other sources, amounted to
£2,246 2s. 4d. ; deducting from which £1,640 paid
in grants, plus £76 19s. 7d.—the balance in hand
at the termination of the year—it appeared that
T report having
the cost of the general management of the fund
amounted to £529 2s. 9d. his
been received and adopted, the thanks of the
meeting were voted to the registrar, treasurers,
and auditors of the corporation for their services
during the past year. The chairman then said it
became his duty to read to the meeting a report
of the general committee, in reference to an
offer that had been made to the corporation
through Mr. Charles Dickens and Mr. Elwyn.
This report, without stating the nature of the offer
—which, according to rumour, was a large and
valuable library—merely stated that the committee,
after carefully considering the subject, had come
to the resolution to_ decline the proffered gift ;
whereupon the offer had been withdrawn. Earl
Stanhope then went on to say that the meeting
would perceive that the report was a very short
one, but that he should at once proceed to inform
those present why it was the committee did not
think it desirable to go into the matter at greater
length. It was simply because they did not think
it expedient to state anything which might lead to
controversy. The general committee did not
trouble itself with the nature of the offer, as their
duty was merely to consider whether they should
recommend the society to accept it, and under all
the circumstances of the case they decided that the
offer ought not to be accepted. Whereuuon the
two gentlemen through whom it came with-drew it,
and there was therefore now no question to be
brought before the meeting. It had fallen to his
lot to take the chair at some of the meetings of the
committee while the subject was being considered,
and it was hut just to Mr. Dickens and Mr. Elwyn
that he should bear witness to the courtesy, kind-
ness, and conciliatory spirit which they displayed
throughout the whole proeeedings. Indeed nothing
could have been more satisfactory. (Hear, hear.)
There being now no offer before the society, the
question was at rest, and it was not desirable by
further discussion to re-open the question. It was
not, however, the wish of the committee to fetter
the freedom of any gentleman present, to whom it
was perfectly open to raise the question. The
committee thought that such a course was not de-
sirable' nor did the gentlemen themselves whose
names he had already mentioned wish to have the
discussion renewed, and he was sure the meeting
would agree with him in the sentiment that, while
gentlemen think it a duty by all means in their
power to improve the society, they were justified
in taking for that purpose whatever course they
could reconcile to their own sense of justice, but
that it was for the advantage of the meeting to
avoid everything like controversy, and confine
themselves to the literary and benevolent objects
for which they had been incorporated. (Hear,
hear.) The more they could, coesistently with
these objects, avoid all controversies of an angry
character the better it would be for the institution
in whose welfare they were all concerned. The re-
port was then adopted, after which the Bishop of
St. David's was elected a vice-president of the cor-
poration in succession to the late Lord Macaulay ;
the Rev. Dr. Croly, the Rev. Dr. Russell, and the
Right Hon. E. Cardwell were elected to fill three
vacancies in the council, and there being one
vacancy on the general committee Mr. W. Thacke-
ray was elected to fill it. Earl Stanhope, in ex-
pressing his acknowledgments for the vote of thanks
for his conduct in the chair, said he had great
pleasure in announcing that the next anniversary
meeting would be presided over by that distin-
guished scholar and historian as well as illustrious
• prelate, the Lord Bishop of St. David's. The pro-
. ceedings then terminated.

ROYAL GEOGRAPILICAL SOCIETY.

A meeting of this society was held on Monday
evening, Sir Roderick I. Murchison, vice-president,
in the chair.

The papers read were-1. " South Australia.
Exploring Expedition into the Interior of the Con-
tinent," by J. Macdougall Stuart. Communicated
by the Duke of Newcastle, F.R.G.S.
Mr. Macdougall Stuart, whose previous impor-
tant explorations have been brought at di▪ fferent
times under the notice of the society, and were re-
warded last year by the presentation of a Oa
watch, succeeded, accompanied by two persons, in
penetrating to a point a little higher than 27 S. lat.,
and 136 E. long., a distance of about 300 mi▪ les be-
yond the farthest point reached by Babbage and
Warburton, the result of which has been the dis-
covery of an immense tract of country, exceeding in
richness of pasturage and abundance of water any-
thing that has yet been met with. Mr. Stuart
started from the Emerald Springs early in Apri▪ l,
and reached his farthest point about the middle of
May, and during the entire journey was never a
day without water. The country traversed eon-
rabbit hillocks, from 100 to 150 feet high,
sisted of immense plains, interspersed with inrome-
summits of which gushed out springs of pure fresh
water, intersecting
the plains and discharging
them-
selves
into numerous creeks and rivers, running in
an easterly direction. One of the rivers discovered
is described as being, in one part of its coarse, three
from the
miles wide. Mr. Stuart made occasional detours of
between 20 and 25 miles, and found the character
of the country everywhere, as far as the eye could
reach, the same, and considers the difficulties in the
way of crossing the continent to the northern coast
in the vicinity of Cambridge Gulf by no means
great ; in fact, he proposes
penetrating with a highly equipped party to dis-
tances of two or three hundred miles from the
farthest point gained, where he purposes formi▪
ng
depots with supplies, and by this weans to cross
the continent. If this be accomplished it would
form a direct route for telegraphic wires, which
might eventually connect the colonies of Australia
with India and Europe. A considerable portion
of the district traversed is represented as auriferous,
and Mr. Stuart reports the probaVe existence of
au extensive gold field (about lat. 28 S., long. 133.50
E.), in a basin surrounded by low hills.
Col. GAWLER said that the discovery by Mr.
Stuart of a fertile, well-watered country to the north-
west of Port Augusta confirmed the predictions he
had made from meteorological observations. He had
always observed that when the wind blew from that
direction it was charged with moisture ; whilst the
wind from the north-east, which had been ascer-
tained to be a saline desert, was extremely dry and
parching. He said that Australia resembled in its
physical conformation an immense crater, there
being high mountains all round the coast, from which
the land inclined inwards, forming a hollow, and he
believed that in the centre of that island-continent
there would be discovered a large lake.
2. " Discovery of a new harbour on the N.E. coast
of Australia ;" communicated through the Duke of
Newcastle, F.R.G.S., through Sir G. F. Bowen,
F.R.G.S., Governor of Queensland. In forwarding
extracts from the log-book announcing this dis-
covery, Sir G. Bowen observes that, northwards of
the southern boundary of Queensland (about lat. 29
deg. S.), ranges of considerable elevation, and ex-
tensive plateaux of table-land, extend northward to
the Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Straits. This
territory, though a large portion of it lies within
the tropics, enjoys a Comparatively cool and salu-
brious climate. It is in rapid process of occupation
by the flocks and herds of the settlers. Between the
table land above mentioned and the coast of the
Pacific lie extensive tracts of soil, admirably adapted
for the growth of cotton, sugar, &c. ; timber in vast
quantities, and gold, and other minerals abound.
These facts rendered the existence of capacious
harbours a matter of the highest practical import-
ance—consequently, Capt. Sinclair and his party,
anticipating a handsome reward for the discovery
of a good and secure harbour, sailed from Rock-
hampton (Fort Curtis) in search of one, and also of
the mouth of the Burdekin river. After visiting
various points and islands to the north (some of which

As far as depends on the vote of the population
the fate of Central Italy is now decided. The result
of the elections in all four provinces of Tuscany,
Parma, Modena, and the Romagna, is now suffi-
ciently known. By enormous majorities, by a vote
almost amounting to unanimity, the people have de-
cided for annexation to the Sardinian Kingdom,
and,have utterly rejected both the claims of their
legitimate Sovereigns and the scheme -which has
been lately put forward by the Emperor of the
French. So important a political act has not been
performed since the autumn of 1852, when the
French nation, by a vote almost as decisive, over-
threw the Republic, which had been founded less
than five years before, and established the imperial
Monarchy which now rules their country. The
present appeal to universal suffrage will, however,
have the sympathies of Englishmen more than any 'I
former display of the kind. It cannot be doubted
that the act of the population is sincere. A nation
which has suffered more than any other in Europe,
the whole of whose modern history has been a long
record of oppression,—a nation which has not only
never known public liberty and national indepen-
dence, but whose private life has been embittered
and degraded by all that the petty tyranny of
Courts and the bad activity of a police can perpe-
trate, has at length been able to pronounce in favour
iof union and Constitutional. Government. No one
—not even Lord Normanby, not even the organs
of the Viennese Government—will venture to say
that this extraordinary vote does not express the
real feeling of the Italian people. There is no ques-
tion of force or fraud, of terrorized peasants and
cheating ballot-boxes. The Pope, the Austrian press,
the Ultramontane clergy, and their few sympathizers
in this country, will be able to say that the Italian
people aro mad, possessed, led away by the teachings
of atheists and revolutionaries; but they will
be obliged to confess that, right or wrong,
the whole mass of them utterly reject the
Government under which they have hither-
to lived, and desire to link their fate to that of
the Monarch against whom Austria would willingly
let slip the dogs of war, and at whose head the
Pope is ready to hurl an excommunication. Where
all are so completely in favour of annexation it is
impossible to say that one province exceeds the
other in enthusiasm. But undoubtedly the vote in
Tuscany and in the Romagna has a greater impor-
tance than in the two minor provinces. The French
Government had already assented to the union of
Parma and Modena with Victor Emmanuel's king-
dom, and consequently the voting there may be
taken as merely formal. The addition of these
small States to Piedmont seems to excite no jealousy
on the part of the Power which desires the Alps as
a protection against a too powerful Italy. Austria
has made up her mind not to interfere, the popula-
tion is known to be friendly to Piedmont, they have
no traditions of provincial rivalry to keep them
apart, and their addition to King Victor Emmanuel's
domains may be taken as a matter of course. But
we own that we have been much relieved by the
approach to unanimity in Tuscany and the Ro-
magna, for the destiny of these provinces still hangs
in the balance. Tae French Emperor cannot be
considered to have given up his plan of an inde-
pendent kingdom in Tuscany, and of a Piedmontese
regency in the Papal province. If any considerable
number of voters had pronounced in favour of
these views the destinies of the two provinces
might be very doubtful. A party favourable to
Papal suzerainty and to a new Duchy of Tuscany
would, when disclosed by the ballot-box, have given
encouragement to all the enemies of Italian unity.
The apparatus for working on continental popular
tions had been carried to such perfection in certain
quarters that we may be sure that a fourth, or even
a fifth, of the Tuscans or Romagnoli, if supported
by France or Austria, would have the power to
counteract the wishes of the great majority. But,
happily, and we should think somewhat to the
surprise of the French Government, the proposi-
tions emanating from Paris have found hardly
a partisan in the two provinces. By the
telegrams which we publish it will be seen that in
Tuscany not one elector in 25 voted for the sepa-
rate kingdom. The list is made up, with the ex-
ception of 108 communes, and stands thus :—For
the annexation to Piedmont, 259,000 ; for the sepa-
rate kingdom, 10,729. Now, we do think that
this is a moat remarkable and important result.
Nothing can show the fixed resolution of the
Italian people more than the Tuscan vote. The
Duchy and its celebrated metropolis have a long
and glorious history. Every Florentine has been
accustomed to consider his city as a capital, as
rivalling Rome in the presidency of Italian cities,
as the pure fount of Italian literature, and the
classic home of art. Nor has Florentine jealousy
of other cities wholly died out. Many very prac-
tical politicians have been in favour of preserving
the present Italian sovereignties, and being con-
tent with uniting them in something like a federa-
tion, and this solely on the ground that neither
Milan, Florence, nor Turin would ever recognise
the claims of any city but itself to be the capital of
the monarchy. This sentiment has been appealed
to and encouraged by the manifesto of the French
Emperor. Florence has been told that the greatest
potentate of the Continent thinks that she should
still remain a capital city, and that the banks of
the Arno should still be honoured with the resi-
dence of a Court and the throng of visitors from
all parts of the world. To give up, or, at least, to
stand the chance of giving up all this, and at the
same time to offend the master of half a million e.t
men, has been the choice of the Tuscans. They
have voted unconditional annexation to PiOniont,
and the small minority which has lister; ea to the
counsels of M. Thouvenel only serves to show the
preponderance of the opposite opinion. Florence
is content to take its rank with the other cities of
Victor Emmanuel's kingdom in order that the
gotoewbjoerctthoyf.ltallnianthuantitpyromvainyebee
of Bologna,
issuffthereerdessuoltmoufethhefreolmectAiounsstirni the Romagna
priestly mischief, the Pope has received a
Austrian oppression
lesson. The votes for annexation to
arePied-
rel
78,478 ; for a separate kingdom only 70.
dlwasinleeannsivoNrldsthe province of Ferrara 48,000 people have voted
with the like results. We trust that we now see
the end of the Papal pretensions over this province,
and that the Ministers of Pius IX. will learn from
the loss of this fair region how necessary it is to
rule with wisdom, justice, and mercy. But a year
ago the Pope felt himself secure from the anger of
his ill-treated subjects. Their complaints and the
remonstrances of the world, including the first
Catholic Power of Europe, failed to move him.
" Non possuinus" was the answer to every appeal
in favour of justice and good government. Now
the retribution has come. The territory of St. Peter
is rent in twain ; in a whole province hardly a frac-
tion of the people can be found to declare in favour
of their former ruler, and they leave the spiritual
head of Latin Christendom without a regret to find
happiness and prosperity under other auspices.
Quo remarkable circumstance remains to be