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and instantaneous communication kept up between
was most contested,
the front and the reserves.
On the battlefield which
namely, Santa Maria and St. Angelo, we had like-
wise an advantage, and that was to be able to work
from one point into the flank of the enemy when
he was attacking the other. So, the Neapolitans
working from one angle of the triangle formed by
Capua, Santa Maria, and St. Angelo against the
two others, had to extend their line, which, when
they came near these two places, was too long to
be in connexion ; thus, the left flank of the column
attacking Santa Maria, and the right one of it at-
tacking St. Angelo, were always more or less ex-
posed, and it was just the last flank attack directed

On Fiiday, in Bvo, with tour Plans, Hs., Vol. 2 of
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A SEAMAN,
By THOMAS, EARL OF DUNDONALD, G.C.8.,
Admiral of the Red, Rear-Admiral of the Fleet, &c., O.
Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

One Vol., SvO., greatly improved, Second Edition,
price 10s. 6d.,
A STHINIA: its Varieties and Complications, with
IV Practical Remarks on their Specific Treatment, illus-
trated by Cases and Plates coloured from nature. To which
is annexed a succinct Treatise on the principal Diseases or
the Heart. By F. li. RAMADGE, Fellow of the College
of Physicians, late senior Physician to the Royal Infirmary
for Asthma, Consumption, and other Diseases of the Lungs,
&c.

by Garibaldi which finally decided the day.
St. Angelo and Santa Maria contest with each
other the honour of having had the hardest fight,
the real fact being that there was very hard fight-
ing at both places, and many critical moments or
rather hours. Santa Maria had the advantage
over St. Angelo of having had some earthworks
and barricades in front, which had been con-
structed before, as well as several points d'appui for
its defence. Scarcely 100 yards from the gates and
about the same distance from the road is a cascina
or farmhouse, which had been loopholed, and
which flanked the road. In this building the
French company, formed by the late Paul Deflotte,
who, as you will remember, fell when the first de-
tachment of the Division Cosenz landed on the
shores of Calabria, held out the whole day defend-
ing the building • against all attacks with great
bravery. A little further on, close by the road, is
the church and little Convent of St. Augustin, the
enclosure wall of which had likewise been provided
with loopholes, but which was abandoned during
the fight.

On the Santa Maria side the defence was in-
trusted to General Milvitz, of the Brigade Cosenz,
who, in spite of a contusion in the right foot,
exerted himself the whole day to keep his position.
He had, besides his own brigade, the small Brigade
Corti, mostly composed of Calabrese, and the
Sicilian Brigade of La Mayi. With this force he
had these points to defend. On the right, the
road towards St. Angelo, in the centre, the gate of
Capua, and before it the high road to this latter
place, and then to the left the railway line. Be-
tween the gate of St. Angelo and that of Capua is
the prison, a large square building, with high
walls of enclosure, which defied any attempt be-
yond it ; in the same direction are gardens likewise
surrounded by tolerably strong walls, so that not
much can be apprehended. On the other side of
the Capua gate towards the railway it is the same, 1
the garden walls form a kind of enclosure, but they
did not serve much, because the real point of de-
fence—the railway—is at some distance from the
town. This was our weak point at Santa Maria,
but the enemy was, it seems, not aware of it, for
his real point of attack was the Capua gate. To-
wards the St. Angelo gate, on the right, he never
came, and towards the railway his operations had
more the character of a demonstration than a
decided attack.

The Neapolitans had exerted their last efforts to
gain the entrance into Santa Maria, and when we
brought up our last reserves from Caserta they had
likewise their last reserves in position. The Regi-
men t of the Grenadiers of the Guard held the Con-
vent of the Capucins and the Campo Santa, from
which they were dislodged by a portion of the
Brigade Eber. It was their last resource, all the
rest had been spent in the different attacks of the
day. It would probably have been difficult, if not
impossible, to resist had it not been for the little
earthworks, the sandbag battery at the Capua gate,
the behaviour of the Piedmontese Artillery, and
above all of some of the Artillery officers. It was
to them that we owe the five guns taken on that
side. They wet e dismoaxted or the horses killed.
The practice was positively beautiful, three to four
shots a minute, of which almost every one tohi
These Piedmontese Artillerymen were not up in
the beginning, but were sent during the day by
rail, and came just in time to begin their work in
the hottest part of the day.
At St. Angelo the position was less favourable
for defence. The village itself, or rather old abbey,
and its dependencies, which are built on the slopes
of the mountain, are safe enough against an attack
in front, and their safety would only have been com-
promised had the Neapolitans crossed the river at
the ford above the Scafa di Formicola and come up
by the mountain road in our rear ; but the impor-
tant thing in St. Angelo was to guard the main
roads of communication with Santa Maria and the
works and pontoons which had been prepared
towards the river. This made it necessary to push
the line of defence beyond the road, and thus come
down into the open. The only defensive work
which was made was a barricade of sandbags,
with four guns, on the road from Capua to St.
Angelo. And this became a hotly-contested
point all day long; it was twice taken by the
Neapolitans, and twice retaken. Although there
were, besides the Calabrese and Genoese riflemen,
nominally three brigades, there were in reality
very little more than 3,000 men present, while the
enemy against them had columns of at least three
times that number. Part of our small force was,
besides, neutralised in some manner by Col. Dunn
being wounded early in the day. One part of his
men, under the orders of the brave Col. Wyndham,
stood indeed to their work, but the rest, indiffe-
rently led by their Sicilian officers, were brought
into confusion by the untimely wounding of their
commander. In no army is the example of a com-
mander of so much weight as in ours. One brave
and cool man often turns the tide and decides the
success of a movement, for our volunteers are crea-
tures of impulse, and not of discipline. In this
respect there was no want in St, Angelo,
for, be-
sides Garibaldi, who went constantly along the
lines encouraging and urging the men forward,
there was Col. Simonnetta, commanding the Ist
Brigade of Medici, who was indefatigable in his
ex-
ertions, always at the point most threatened,
hold-
ing out to the last moment in a critical posi-
tion, and being always one of the first to regain it.
There was Col. Bordoni, the Chief of the Engineer
Corps, who acted in turn the part of Engineer, Ar-
tillery, and Infantry officer. There was Gen.
Avezzano, who in 1849 commanded in Rome, and
i
has left his profitable business n New York to come
here to fight.
There
was Major Dowling, of the
Artillery, who likewise in turns assumed the duties
of Artillerymen and general encourager ; and
others, who made up by extra exertions what may
have been
wanting in some, and the result corre-
sponded to their efforts.

Capua!

OCTOBER 4.
Yesterday the 2,500 prisoners Were taken by rail
to Naples. At the station a few hundred National
Guards were waiting for them, who conducted
them to the Fort of St. Elmo. When the prisoners
saw the National Guard they asked jeeringly,
Whether the Austrians had not yet skinned
them ?" The taunt was not understood until fur-
ther explanation. The prisoners asked where the
Austrians were, as they had been told that they had
already occupied Naples and defeated Garibaldi,
who was now between two fires. When they saw
the Piedmontese at St. Elmo they asked, astonished,
who they were, and when told that they were Pied-
montese a new light seemed to dawn upon them. It
is with such lies that the Neapolitans tried to raise
the spirif, of their soldiery and of their officers, for
the ignorance of the latter cedes nothing to that of
the soldiers. For instance, this morning a Neapo-
litan Major of the Grenadier Guards came in with
his carpet-bag, waving a white handkerchief, and
when asked about his business he said that ha had
given in his resignation on account of family affairs,
with
him that it had been accepted. In talking
him about divers things he inquired whether the
Maria to Naples and by the telegraph. Soldiers
and materiel could be thus sent on with rap
idity,

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Piedmontese and Lamoriciere had n'ot come already
to blows, and was quite surprised to, hear that the
Roman army existed no more, that Ancona was
ours, and Lamoriciere too. Things looked rather
suspicious with this gentleman, who got his dis-
the day after a battle, and so he was es-
cort-eil.-I-o-lViples, where he will remain in confine-
ment until the thing is cleared up. This measure
is much against Garibaldi's taste, but he is obliged
to resort to such steps, as his generosity has been
grossly abused. A number of officers have been
found among the prisoners who had capitulated and
given their word of honour not to serve. Of course,
their words of honour can no more be trusted.
But to come back to the stories with which the
Neapolitans tried to enliven their soldiery. One
of them, current not only among soldiers but like-
wise among officers, was that we gave no quarter
tpthogesamsnesyd:lovanenesd,
dtthohawatt: htohenetrtiehmfeoei
rrfiek,xnied f m
it
was
saowsr
tehoooe
n lioang over
ntet.heltp
point
was
Ti
n st
oquite i
being
stgauksetni ga tori d seebe officersg for
ha
es
ir welll
lives.
v eass. menßathrow
e
more serious matter was that the idea of getting-no
quarter roused ferocity, and there is no end to tiqi
complaints of our soldiers that the Neapolitans
killed our wounded. Several of them were found
half-burnt.

Although we are no longer in Sicily, burning and
plundering seem to be still the order of the day of
the Neapolitan soldatesco. Not a farm building re-
mains,in the neighbourhood of Capua, and as the
columns on Tuesday came down from the hills to
Caserta they set fire to every village which lay on
their road. There is scarcely a soldier among the
prisoners who had not plunder about him, and the
silk factory of Sevica seems to have attracted espe-
cial notice. Their excuse is that they had permission
to plunder and orders to burn. Whether this be
true or a story I cannot decide.
However, we will hope they will have net mucit
further occasion to indulge in this their decided
taste, for the lessons of the Ist inst. will not be for-

gotten. They have become very tame, their out-
posts keep in the immediate neighbourhood of
Capua, and it is only their favourite pastime of
shelling which continues. No horseman or red
shirt can show anywhere within range of their guns ,
without being saluted immediately. For instance,
yesterday burial parties were busy in the vicinity
of St. Angelo, and had showers of grape and shell
upon them, which made the people at Santa Maria
suppose that the fight was beginning again. It
is almost incredible what numerical results these

burials give; but in that rayon where the burying
parties were so much fired upon 190 bodies were
buried, and among them 16 of ours.
But they will probably not long indulge in this
amusement. Yesterday afternoon you could see
from the heights of St. Angelo large convoys coming
out of Capua, and heavy columns marching towards
Gaeta. Indeed, after the failure of their desperate
effort the other day, I do not see how they can think
of remaining much longer in that position and
await the arrival of the Piednrontese columns.

Garibaldi has shown that he is quite a match for

the whole Neapolitan force, and he will not wait
Long to improve his success. Not that he will break

his head against Capua's walls, as people seem to
expect, but there are other means of ousting them
from their position even before the Piedmontese

come up from the north. It was well, for many
reasons, that the Neapolitans did try their best, for
the ill-willed, ignorant, and timid got frightened
that we did not take Capua on the 19th ; as if we

had trumpets to blow down the walls of Capua,

and as if there had ever been at intention to attack

OCTOBER 6.

Nothing new anywhere along the line for the last
two days except the usual cannon shot at everything
which shows within range of the fortress and the
batteries on the opposite bank. Nor was it a time
to do anything. We have a regular equinoctial
gale, which has lasted almost unabated for the last
forty-eight hours, with heavy showers of rain. It
is hard work for the poor soldiers at the outposts,
and woull he harder had they not almost every-
where found the means of constructing huts with
dry stalks of Indian corn covered with branches or
vine branches, which abound.

While our military position has become so much
mote imposing by the victory of the Ist of October
—our Inker man—our political position has been
likewise wonderfully cleared up since last week.
The pressure of my military correspondence by last
mail was so great that I had no time to bring in
political matters.
The differences between Garibaldi and the Pied-
montese Government, on which all Europe has been
harping for the last month or three weeks, have been
greatly exaggerated, and not at all understood. It
was the joint work of the enemies and false friends
of Garibaldi, aided considerably by the ignorance
which exists in Europe with respect to the changes
which have taken place here in Italy.

When Garibaldi rallied round Victor Emmanuel
he did it, as he does everything, frankly, loyally, and
without an arriere pensee. He did so because it
was his conviction that it was the only way of
uniting Italy. He never wavered in that convic-
tion, and has been working for this aim. Whoever
knows Garibaldi knows that the day he should begin
to think otherwise he would say so without one
moment's delay. This political attachment to the
name of Victor Emmanuel as the symbol of Italian
unity has become much stronger by personal ac-
quaintance, and has taken, one might say, the
character of a personal attachment to the Re
Galantuonzo. That this personal attachment did
not extend to the King's Ministers is quite true, nor
could it be otherwise, for, besides other personal
considerations which all the world knows, there was
in the last case an inherent antagonism in the
position of a patriot chief and warrior and
a statesman at the head of affairs in such criti-
cal. circumstances and chiefly
Bwuotrktiongimaine by diplo-
maticor one
negotiations.
r
moment from this almost unavoidable antagonism a
G conclusion
di
in' s
the character
fact breach between Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel was
to jump to rather hasty conclusions. But it showed
that to
seven a
confirmation
t r
a ignorance
this of
men like Mazzini, Bertani &c., were here, and that
some of them had even posts. Garibaldi has been
on friendly terms With these people ; he,has worked
and has never quarrelled
with them. He is neither
the man to give up his convictions for any one, nor
a man to deny a personal friend for any political
considerations.

His enemies pointed to the presence of these men
as a proof that he was entering a new road, and
these
men, having their own views, did their best
to confirm the world in this belief. In this lay all
the evil. Although the view was entirely false the
impression which it produced abroad was so bad
that it must have ultimately harmed Garibaldi's
position had not circumstances occurred which di-
minished the evil. Garibaldi being with the army
had intrusted, as you know, Bertani with the go-
vernment of Naples, and the latter went so fast his
own way that Garibaldi on hearing of it took the
resolution to send him away, removing thus one of
the great grievances laid at his door. But what
shows better than anything else that Bertani had
just as little influence as any ono else on the gene-
ral policy of Garibaldi was, that even before he
had been dismissed Garibaldi wrote his answer to
the King's last letter, in which, while reiterating
his former statement that he could not work toge-
ther with Cavour, he expressed himself as ready to
obey any commands the King
him.
might have to give
This answer will probably settle the matter and
bring it to a conclusion. Already, as you know,
the Piedinontese troops have been fighting under
I the orders of Garibaldi. The King is at Ancona,
The de-
and
m the Abruzzi are already gone to
imitations from i
and will probably be soon much nearer.
invite him ; others will no doubt follow ; the peti-
tion soliciting his arrival has already started, 'with
tmany
solutiont house
ay t signatures.eke
place. er y day, therefore,
That this would
personal arrival
aforrmaynorhognorinegt direct
rtsoati
be best promoted by the King's
onapbleetswteheenr et
hies
nwoitdhouthbet,
King and Garibaldi would do more to hasten
the solution than anything else which could be
imagined.