The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-17 00:00:00

provinces.

NAPLES, (via Marseilles) MAY 12.
The mere rumour of Garibaldi having attempted
to raise the people in Calabria has caused a panic. It

is even reported that the Court has packed up articles
of value in order to be prepared for all contingen-

cies.

A steamer with 200 fugitives has arrived from
Palermo. Ten of the police having killed and
wounded six individuals on the occasion of the
late manifestation at Palermo, four police agents
were poignarded on the following day.
The Neapolitan soldiers are discouraged, as for
38 days they have been fighting on the same
ground.

PARIS, MAY 16,

The Paine of this evening says s—
" The telegraph brings grave intelligence from

Sicily.

" The expedition of Garibaldi is said to have suc-
ceeded in raising Sicily, and the royal troops occupy
the fortresses of Messina and Palermo only. An in-
surrection is said to have broken out in Calabria.
A third insurrection in connection with the two
former is likewise said to have broken out in the
Abruzzi.

A rumour is current in Paris that the French
squadron (escadre d'evolutions) will leave for Naples
to protect the French inhabitants in the kingdom of
the Two Sicilies.

The Opinione Nationale announces :—" In com-
pliance with the invitation of the Ministry of the
Interior we suspend the publication of any state-
ments relative to the subscription opened for the
benefit of the defenders of Italian independence."

MARSEILLES, MAY 16.
The Levant steamer has arrived. She touched
at Messina on the 13th. The city was still quiet.
The captain of the Syria, which arrived yesterday,
has declared that on passing Marsala he noticed
red flags on the town. He is not certain whether
they were flags hoisted by the insurgents or by the
inhabitants.

The persons on board the steamer Syria, when
coasting off Marsala on Sunday last, the 13th inst.,
observed red flags upon the town.
News brought by the steamer Italia announces
that after the receipt of a despatch from the Emilia,
500 men precipitately quitted Milan, and embarked
yesterday at Genoa. A movement by General La-
moriciere is spoken of.

The Levant steamer, with news from Sicily, is
still expected.

ROME, MAY 14.

(Official.)
The Neapolitan frigates have sunk the steamer
Lombardo, off Marsala, and have captured the
Piemonte.

Many of Garibaldi's volunteers were killed by the
royal troops.
Rome is tranquil.

MUNICH, MAY 16.
The Xeue Munchener Zeitung says :—" Russia has
remitted to Turin a decided protest against any attack
on the kingdom of the Two Sicilies by the Pied:-
mon tese."

TURIN, MAY 16.

The Sardinian fleet has received orders to con-
centrate itself so as to be prepared for all contin-
gencies. The rumour that new expeditions had set
out for Sicily is unfounded., It is reported that the
Piemonte has not been captured. The dispatch of
troops from Naples still continues.

The Corriere illereantik publishes the following
proclamation to the Neapolitan army issued by

" Foreign insolence reigns over Italian ground
in consequence of Italian discord. But on the day
that the sons of the Samnites and Martii, united
with the brethren of Sicily, shall join the Italians
of the North, on that day our nation, of which 3 ou
are the finest part, slali re sumo its place, as in.
former times, among the first: nations of Europe. 1.,
an Italian soldier, only aspire to see you drawn up
side by side with these soldiei w of 'Varese and San

Martino, in order jointly to fight against the ene-
mies of Italy ! '6 G. GARIBALDI."

The following is to the inhabitants of Naples :
"It is time for you to imitate the magnanimous
example of Sicily, by rising against the most im-
pious of tyrannies. To the perjured and blood-
thirsty race that has so long tortured and trampled
upon you, let the free government succeed which
eleven millions of Italians now enjoy ; and substi-
tute for the foul Bourbonic flag and glorious tri-
colour, the happy symbol of national independence
and unity, without which true and durable liberty
are impossible. Your brethren of the North desire
nothing more than to see you join the Italian
family.
" G. GARIBALDI, G. RICCIARDI, Baron STOCCO."
One to the Sicilians follows

" Sicilians !—I have brought you a body of
brave men, who have hastened to respond to the
heroic cry of Sicily. We, the remains of the
battles of Lombardy, are with you—all we ask is
the freedom of our land. United, the work will
be easy and short. To arms, then ! he who does
not snatch up a weapon is a coward, or a traitor
to his country. Want of arms is no excuse. We
shall get muskets, but for the present any weapon
will do in the hands of a brave man. The muni-
cipalities shall provide for the children, women,
and old men deprived of their support. To arms,
all of you! Sicily shall once more teach the world
how a country can be freed from its oppressors by
the powerful will of a united people.

G. GARIBALDI."
From the following one it would appear that it was
Garibaldi's intention to have commenced operations
in the Roman States, a plan which must have been
frustrated by the vigilance of the Sardinian Go-
vernment :

"April 30.
" Romans !—To-morrow you will hear the priests
of Lamoriciere say that some 211usulnzans have in-
vaded your territory. Well, these Illusulmans are
the same who fought for Italy at Montevideo, at
Rome, and in Lombardy !—the same whom you
will mention to your children with pride when the
day shall come which, by freeing you from the
tyranny of the stranger and the priest, will leave
you free to enjoy recollections. The same who for
a moment yielded to the numerous and warlike sol-
diers of Bonaparte, but who yielded only with their
brows turned towards the enemy, and pledging
themselves to return to the fight, and not to leave
their children any other legacy but that of hatred
to oppressors. Yes, these companions of mine fought
outside your walls, by the side of Manara, Melana,
Masina, Mameli, Daverio, Peralla, Panizzi, Ramo-
rini, Danieli, Montaldi, and so many other brave
Romans who now sleep near your catacombs, and
whom you buried yourselves, because wounded in
front. Our enemies are both astute and powerful,
but we tread the land of the Secevolas, the boraces,
and the Ferruccios : our cause is the cause of all
Italians. Our war-cry is the same which was heard
at Varese and Como—' Italy and Victor Emmanuel!'
—and you know that with us, whether fallen or
conquerors, Italian honour is safe !
" G. GARIBALDI,
" General of the Romans, appointed by a Govern-
ment elected by Universal Suffrage."
The Italian National Society has also issued from
Turin a circular to its friends in foreign countries.
The following is a translation :

" Sicily has risen against her young tyrant, who,
directed by the Jesuits, consents to massacre his
subjects in the most atrocious manner, sparing
neither women, nor children, nor old men. The
Italian National Society would belie its past his-
tory if it did not endeavour by every possible
means to aid the numerous victims of the Bourbon
of Naples. It has, consequently, opened a sub-
scription in all its committees, and on the first day
it succeeded in collecting a sum of fifty thousand
francs ; but to enable the Sicilians to continue the
struggle against a regular army, excited to car-
nage by all sorts of bribes, they must have arms,
munitions, and provisions. With this object the
society makes an appeal to the liberals of all coun-
tries; it begs them to found committees for soliciting
and receiving subscriptions in favour of a people
which has been driven to insurrection by the severest
and most abject absolutism, and which desires to
form part of a free and independent Italy. The
faithful of the different States of Europe, at the
instigation of their bishops, are sending money to
Rome for the purpose of subduiag by caisnon and
musket, and bringing again under the Papal yoke,
the Legations, which have succeeded in freeing
themselves. Liberals ought to imitate this example
by coming to the aid of the Sicilian insurgents.
The central committee at Turin undertakeg to con-
vey to them the succours thus obtained ; and the
weekly paper of the society will record the names
of the generous donors. A beginning has already
been made at Glasgow ; but the liberals of France,
of Belgium, of Germany, and of Sweden ought not
to be behind those of England in work which highly
concerns the liberty of all peoples, for the fall of the
despotic Government of Sicily will involve that of
many others ; and the Sicilians, when they have
broken their own chains, will not fail to acquit them-
selves of their debt of gratitude, to the benefit of
other peoples who may have risen in a cause similar
to their own. " VEGEZZI ItUSC,ILLA."

A letter from Naples, dated May 12, says :—We
have no positive facts as yet from the provinces,
but I believe that everything is arranged for an
outbreak in more places than one, and that a word,
the raising of a finger, would be sufficient to rouse
them. Should Garibaldi land in Sicily, count it as
certain that the provinces will be up.
No boat came in from Palermo yesterday, though
the Electrica was expected, and the weather was
splendid. It is imagined, therefore, that some ob-
stacle has been thrown in the way f its departure
by the Government. A strong demonstration is
said to have taken place in Palermo this week,
when the troops fired, and several people wer e
shot. That the citizens are always on the alert,
and never give the troops a moment's repose, is
evident from the statement of General —, who,
writing to his brother says, "I have not taken off
my clothes for 22 days." In fact, it was impossible
to restore order and tranquillity to Palermo ; and,
though the state of siege was taken off and the
cannon removed, and the shops were opened with
policemen stationed by the doors, " I was in the
city from half-past ten till half-past 2 of the sth,"
said a friend, " and I saw the shops again all closed
and the cannon again in the street." During the week
the increased activity in the arsenal has indicated
alarm. On the nights of Sunday and Monday the
Fulminante and Aquila, Government boats, were
sent off hastily by direct order of the King. Other
Government vessels were made ready, and furnished
with horse stalls. Several commercial vessels also
were put in requisition, and the Vesuvius,
which has been pierced for cannon, received four
six-pounders on board, stalls for horses, and a great
quantity of water. She is still in the military port,
so are the Tancredi, the Veloce (just repaired), the
Teresa, the Saetta, the Vesuvio, and the Fieramosea,
arrived from Toulon, all of which are kept in readi-
ness to leave, but what is their destination no one
knows. The general supposition is that they are in-
tended to prevent some disembarcation, and certain
is it for some days the Government has been in a
state of great apprehension regarding the move-
ments of Garibaldi. The report which it gives out
indeed is that the expedition is still at Spezzia, and
that the chief is at Florence, and there must be
some ground for it, as so many vessels would not
otherwise be lying here on the alert.
From Messina I have letters dated the 7th, which
say that confidence was not returning, and that the
public opinion was just the same; none of those
who were imprisoned had been liberated, and unless
ample concessions were made tranquillity could not
be restored. Commerce was at a stand still. A
steamer went over from Messina to Reggio three
times a day with letters and telegrams. A British
merchant steamer has, ii is understood, been
searched this week on suspicion of having arms on
board; but there was no ground for it. A Swiss
tradesman, M. Comte, was arrested on the Ist of
May on a charge of bringing ashore from a steamer
four pistol. His assistant and the mate were
arrested with him, and all three are in the Vivaria.
The Saetta, Government steamer, came in from
Palermo yesterday disabled by a shot, which she
received from some vessel unknown to me. She
brings intelligence that on the 9th there was a de-
monstration of the great mass of the population
which the police were unable to put down. The
military' were then called in, and fired, killing
three and we-L.:ging eight. Ten persons were
arrested. The letter I-I:laic:1i I quote is from a Gene
ral Officer, end adds, " 1 :3;-t-::111 to think that tl e
revolution will have a more tragic termination than
we imagined."

•
The ‘s.lecle publishes a second letter from M. Ric-
ciardi, dated Genoa, 13th, respecting Garibaldi's
expedition. The following is an extract :
" The Piemonte and Lombardo were compelled
to put in at Talamona for water and provisions,
as they had nothing on board but biscuit and
cheese. A hundred o the most resolute men were
landed, with a view-to take part in a powerful diver-
sion, of which you will soon hear. Six pieces
of cannon were taken on board, which may be of
great use either against the Neapolitan cruisers,
or to cover the landing. The expedition left
Talamona on the evening of the Bth, but stopped
again on the Tuscan coast, probably to embark
more ammunition and arms. Volunteers keep
flocking to Genoa from all quarters, and if there
were steamers and money at command, it would be
easy to fiend legionl of determined 11101 to

Some journals express astonishment that the Sar-
dinian Government did not prevent Garibaldi's
attempt; but it could not do so without placing
itself in direct opposition to public opinion; or,
to speak more correctly, without exciting civil
war."

The 171oniteur de l'Artnee gives the following de-
tails respecting Sicily, which are of interest at the
present moment :

" Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean,
is separated from the southern extremity of Italy
by the Straits of Messina, and is surrounded by
several groups of small islands. It is about 188
miles in the largest part, that is from east to wean ;
varies from 31 to 109 miles in width ; is 344
miles round, and 16,875 square miles in super-
fices. The island contains a range of high moun-
tains, which is considered by geologists as a
continuation of the Apennines. Mount Etna, also
called Monte Gibello, is situated in the pro-
vince of Catana. This celebrated volcano, isolated
like Vesuvius, is 3,608 yards above the level of the
sea, and is from 81 to 88 miles round at the base.
Towards the bottom of the mountain the vegetation
is magnificent, and here and there are to be seen
noble forests of oak, chestnut, fir, and beech. The
plains at the foot, and particularly those of Mes-
sina, Melazzo, Palermo, Trapani, and Marsala.,
are fertile and well cultivated, producing grain,
grapes, and fruits of a superior quality. Sicily►
is divided into seven intendencies, or provinces
—Palermo, Messina, Catana, Syracuse, Caltani-
setta, Girgenti, and Trapani. The first three, con-
sidered the most important in a military point
of view, are united by a strategical road which
runs along the northern coast to Girgenti, and
which will one day be extended round the whole
coast of the island; Palermo, the chief town. of the
Intendency of that name, is the residence of the
Governor-General of Sicily, and is the seat of the
Government. It is a handsome town about five
miles round, containing some fine monuments,
and is protected by strong fortifications, among
which are the forts of Castel Lucio and Castella-
mama. It is situated at the bottom of the gulf
which bears its name, . and on the banks of the
Oseto, its population being about 175,000 souls.
Messina, situated in the gulf of the same name,
possesses the best port in the Mediterranean. It
is defended by formidable fortifications, among
which are the Citadel, Fort San Salvatore, and
the Bastion Real Alto, completely commanding
the entrance of the port. On the heights at less
than 1,000 yards from the citadel are the forts o f
Gonzague, Castel Lucio, and Capucini. The Straits
of Messina, separating Sicily from the kingdom o f
Naples, are rather more than four miles across i a
the widest part, and upwards of one mile in th
narrowest. The entrance to them is defended b y
a number of batteries well situated and we. 1.1
armed. The town of Messina is the most impor-
tant military position of Sicily, and, in fact, de-
cides the possession of the whole island. War-
like operations are difficult in Sicily. Cavalry and
artillery cannot be easily moved, and a very
strong force of infantry is required to attack the
numerous fortified places. The fate of the coun-
try must be decided in the provinces of Palermo,
Trapani, and Messina, especially the latter; it is
there that the enemy must employ the grewtest
efforts, and there that are the principal strategiical
points. A disembarkation effected on other pea•ts
of the coast would not produce any result; an.
enemy might maintain himself for a long time in
the south or in the interior of the island, 'hut
would be wasted in detail without attaining• the
object sought. In the wars and insurrections of
which Sicily has been the theatre at different
periods, entire bands, retired in the interior, have
perished of hunger. Sicily cannot be attacked
with success without the co-operation-of a navy,
the command of the sea giving its defenders a 'vast
advantage. The population of Sicily is about
2,000,000—a1l Roman Catholics. The Sicilians
are intelligent, gay, and witty ; they possess bril-
liant imaginations, strong passions, and entertain'
an ardent love of their country. They are very
fond of religious spectacles, and much attached to
their religion. Their patriotism makes them .con-
sider themselves as superior to other nations; am ong
themselves, moreover, they are engaged in a con-
tinual conflict for pre-eminence ; and this con•lict
is particularly strong between Messina and Palermo.
In addition to its natural advantages, Sicily, by ita
situation in the Mediterranean, is a military posi-
tion of the first order."

A Vienna letter, in the Boersenhalle of Hamburg,
says :—" We learn that Garibaldi's expedition has
given rise to some very animated explanations be-
tween Count Rechberg and the Marquis de Mou-
slier, the French Ambassador at the Austrian.
Court. The French representative expressed in,
very warm terms the indignation felt by his Go-
vernment at the expedition."

ST. PETERSBURG, WEDNESDAY.

On the occasion of the communications made by
Prince Gortschakoff to the diplomatic corps re-
specting the affairs of Turkey the English ambas-
sador, Sir John F. Crampton, immediately protested
against the intentions declared by Russia.

FRANKFORT, WEDNESDAY.

The probabilities of the assembling of a Confe•
rence have lately diminished, the German Powers
being of opinion that it would not in any way
influence French policy, nor arrange any real
guarantee in,favour of Switzerland.
The for.owing are their reasons :

The annexation of Savoy to France having prac-
tically done away with the guarantee contained,
in Article 92 of the final act of Vienna, that article
could not form the basis of a Conference.
The cession of the Littorals of the Lake of
Geneva to Switzerland would not constitute any
guarantee of military importance.

It is not likely that at the Conference the oppo-
sition of the great powers to the annexation of
Savoy would be unanimous. Even if it were,
France having accomplished the annexation, not-
withstanding the opposition of public opinion in
Europe, she would be also not influenced by the
opinion of the Great Powers, more especially as
they have resolved upon acting with moderation,
and without coercion, towards France.

VIENNA, MAY 17.
The Presse publishes the following telegram,
dated Pesth, 16th inst. :

" An autograph letter cf the Emperor is to be
published to-morrow, allowing the constituted
superintendents to assemble in conventions in order
to discuss the question of sending deputies to a
general conference, and to make proposals for a
synod. Free choice of superintendents and curates
will bo granted. The trials pending against Pro-
testants have been suspended."

HANOVER, WEDNESDAY.
The Anglo. Hanoverian Treaty of July, 1844,
respecting the Stade Dues, was prolonged the day
before yesterday for a further period of six months.

FRANCE.
PARIS, MAY 16.
The despatches received to-day from Italy have
created a sort of bewilderment at the Bourse, which
is almost a panic. No one knows what to believe,
or whom to believe. The little confidence placedia
official despatches is not remedied by the conflicting
accounts that circulate out of doors. We gather,
however, without vouching for the certainty, that
Garibaldi, or Garibaldi's followers, are triumphant
in Sicily, except in the two points of
.Messina and
Palermo, in one of which are 12,000 Neapolitan
troops; in the other, 15,000. Others affirm that
Garibaldi is not in Sicily, but in the Umbria, and
that it is his name alone which has done wonders in
the island, while he in person is revolutionizing
the terra firma.

The French Minister at Naples is said to have
asked for four ships of war to protect his country-
men, and it is here feared, or hoped, as the ease
may be, that by this the King of Naples is in a
very critical position. Then, again, General Lamo-
riciere has made a movement, and is to be checked
by 5,000 Piedmontese embarked at Genoa.

The subscription for Garibaldi, announced in the
Opinione Nationale, will go on, though the names of
the subscribers be not published ; and the money
will be sent to its destination. This Government
is said to be much displeased with the movement in.
Sicily, but on& because Garibaldi is at the head,
and that it has been made prematurely. If Gari-
baldi revolutionises INTaples the chance of a, Muratist