The Sun.
London, England, 1860-02-09 00:00:00

THE PAPAL STATES.

The following is the address, already referred to,
to the Emperor Napoleon 111. from the Roman pro-
vinces still subject to the Papal authority :--
Sire,—At this grave and solemn moment, when
entire Europe is about to decide the future desti-
nies of Italy, permit those who have devoted their
whole lives to the emancipation of their dear and
unfortunate country, and who have been calird
upon more than once to represent it, to discharge
a duty of good citizens by expressing to you their
sentiments and legitimate wishes. Among the
claims to glory of your reign, the one which will
create most gratitude in posterity, the one that will
form the pride of the present generation, will be the
reconstruction of Italy into a nation. This mag-
nanimous work, commenced by your bravery and
patriotism, is about to be completed by your wis-
dom. But Italy has not La Cattolica and the
Thrasymeno for her frontiers ; beyond these lines to
the kingdom of Naples (on which it is not our pro-
vince to speak at this moment), between the Tronto
on one side, and the Terra di Lavoro on the other,
a territory lies, which was once famous, which con-
tains numerous towns, an intelligent and robust
population, generous souls, minds truly Italian.
It would be superfluous to recall its ancient glories.
Rome is a name before which all nations bow.
Contemporaneous history does not prove this people
to have degenerated or to bo less worthy than any
other of civil and just laws, of an equitable liberty,
of an honest and enlightened government. Its na-
tional inspirations, its patriotic desires, its strength
for realising them, are proved by the memorable
annals of 1831 and 1848, by the valiant men that
hastened to the plains of Lombardy, to Venice, and
Vicenza, by the blood shed under the walls of Rome,
by the martyrs that fell under the axe of tho Aus-
trians and the Pontifical authorities. The world
knows under what oppression this unhappy people
have since groaned for so many years. It would be
superfluous to repeat it to your Majesty, who has
more than once raised your voice in their favour.
Our brothers of the Itotnagna, more fortunate
than ourselves, have on their part been able to
make themselves heard. And yet we have never
been treated with greater humanity, we have never
had bitter laws, and we have no fewer rights to de-
mand than they. The vices inseparable from a
system that the whole of Europe condemns have
naturally produced amongst us the same deplorable
effects as amongst our brothers of the other pro-
vinces. Let any one visit the towns and rural
districts, let him number the men, the workshops,
trees, houses, soldiers, ships, railways—he will see
what a destructive blast has passed over these
wretched countries, no responsibility on the part of
those who govern, no publicity in the administra-
tion, no guarantee for justice, the canon law placed
above the civil law. Such are the inevitable con-
sequences of a Government whose chief is a prince
fettered by religious obligations, and who, by de-
claring himself infallible, escapes all control, all re-
sponsi) l'ity.
This system was able to maintain itself and
cause itself to be tolerated when the administrative
organisation was simpler, the interference by the
State ix public affairs far less, when the light of
civilisation was not sufficiently diffused amongst
all classes. Now that public business has increased
and become complicated, when each branch of the
administration requires special and eminent men,
it becomes more and more dangerous and injurious
to select them from a privileged caste. Now that
every one knows his own wishes and feels more
vividly the dignity of man, men feel themselves
less and less inclined to bend their heads before
arbitrary and despotic rule. It is therefore clearly
to be seen, sire, what the efficacious remedy for so
many evils can alone be. We have suffered with
the Romagna; justice demands that we should
benefit by the same destinies.
Whatever the future reorganisation of Italy
may be, justice requires that, being ourselves
members of the great Italian family, we
should be entirely identified with it. The
mere modification of a worn-out form of rule, un-
Found from its very base, would be only a vain and
barren act ; it would only set aside for a moment
the dangers that threaten us, it would not suppress
them. A government may err through its nature,
principles, e,
principles, or members. The principles may be cor-
rected, the members maybe changed, but the intrin-
sic nature does not change, cannot be modified. The
clerical system is incompatible with the manners
and civilisation of the age ; to wish to reform it
would be to try an galvanise
wished to establish peace, to a corpse. If it be
found anewlutarloyp,eif itt
be wished to secure the tranquillity of E
cannot be effected until after trieles of
Italyettlem a constant
settlement i
his.
question. To leave in the centre
furnace of dissent and disturbance would be to wish
to destroy the work accomplished in the other pro-
vinces.
Thus humanity, justice, the general interest, re-
quire full satisfaction to be given to the wishes of
Rome and its provinces. Your mission, sire, is to
save the papacy by delivering Italy ; you have com-
prehended that this could only be achieved by
exonerating the head of catholicism from all those
mundane cares that lead him to acts incompatible
With Jailshigli dignity, It is not the greater or less

NEvY'S PAPER

tent of territory that renders him respeelihielfireirAnT,h,
' dependent. A basilica surroun decloiith iiien'a*,....A*A •
neration, guaranteed by the authi.)rify:.;. Of khia'-`- L% -z•-;,titr,
whole world, will better insurct his itidervocl.44lV--1--.7F4
han a disputed domain and a totteringOrvii ir' M t
-"l4''' t;47
It is grievous for ns, sire, to think thatAiiiiii. - e'l:fkli
formerly mistress of the world, the erWll4,,ofi-O'
many illustrious men, that has given so mangnakl S
proofs of its patriotism and virtues, should continue
to be deprived of the essential benefits that should
be bestowed on us. If high political reasons
demand it, if the weal of Italy herself requires so
great a sacrifice, your Majesty will know how to
mitigate its bitterness, and your perspicacity will
find some fortunate movie by which, while Rome re-
mains with the Pontiff, Italy will remain with the
Romans, and our common country will not be de-
prived of citizens so honourable and so dear to us.
This, sire, is the expression of our wishes.
Knowing the feeling that animates you, we are per-
suaded that you will graciously and benevolently
receive them, and ensure their fulfilment.
The high Powers of Europe will comprehend
that it belongs more to your Majesty than to any
one else, to you so eminently catholic, to save the
faith of our fathers. After having restored to Italy
her nationality, to the Church her primitive purity
,
and splendour, Europe will repose on firm and en-
during bases, whilst the name of your Majesty and
of the I'rince that shall have contributed to this
magnanimous work will be handed down glorious
and blessed to future generations.
Florence, January, 1860.
About 250 signatures follow, amongst whil are
those of Count Campello, Baron Danzetta, Prince
Simonetta, Count Misturi, &c.

LETTER FROM THE POPE TO TILE
EMPEROR NAPOLEON 111.

The Independance Belga publishes the following,
which it states to be a letter addressed by Pope
Pius IX. to the Emperor of the French. The letter,
it says, was originally in Italian. We lay it before
our readers, leaving the responsi`i.ility to our Bel-
gian contemporary :

" Sire,—l have received the letter which your
lajesty had the kindness to write to me, and I reply
to it without reserve—as the saying is, with open
heart. And, imprimis, Ido not disavow the diffi-
cult position of your Majesty, which you yourself
do nut conceal from me, and which I behold in its
full gravity. Your Majesty might get out of that
position by some decisive measure, which, perhaps,
excites your repugnance, it is precisely because
you find yourself in that position that you advise
me again, for the sake of the peace of Europe, to
relinquish the insurgent provinces, assuring me
that the Powers will guarantee to the Pope those
that remain to him.

" A project of this nature offers insurmountable
difficulties, and to be convinced of them it will suf-
fice to reflect upon my situation, on my sacred cha-
racter, and upon the rights of the Holy Sec—rights
which are not those of a dynasty, but of all Catho-

lies. The difficulties aro insurmountable, because
I cannot concede that which does not belong to me,
and because I see clearly that the victory which it
is intended to give to the revolutionists of the Le-
gations will serve as a pretext and as an encourage-
ment to domestic and foreign revolutionists of the
other provinces to play the same game on beholding
the success of the first ; and when I say the revolu-
tionists I mean the least considerable and the most
audacious portion of the population.
" The Powers, you say, will guarantee the rest ;
but in the serious and extraordinary circumstances
which may be foreseen, considering the immense
support the inhabitants receive from without, will
it be possible for those Powers to employ force
in an efficacious manner ? If that be not so,
your Majesty will be persuaded, like myself, that
the usurpers of the property of others and the
revolutionists are invincible if only dealt with by
the arms of reasoning.
" However this may be, however, I feel myself
obliged to declare plainly to your Majesty that I
cannot cede the Legations without violating the
solemn oaths that bind me, without producing a
disaster and a shock in the other provinces, with-
out doing harm to and putting to shame all Catho-
lics, without weakening the rights, not only of the
Sovereigns of Italy unjustly despoiled of their do-
mains, but also of the Sovereign of the whole
Christian world, who cannot behold with indiffe-
rence the destruction of certain principles.
" Your Majesty makes the peace of the world
depend upon the cession by the Pope of the Lega-
tions, which, for 50 years, have been a continual
source of embarrassment to the Pontifical Govern-
ment ; but, as I promised at the beginning of this
letter to speak with open heart, you will allow me
to reverse the argument. 'Who can count up the
revolutions that have taken place in France within
the last 70 years ? But, at the same time, who is
there that dares to say to the great French nation
that for the peace of Europe it would be advisable
to narrow the limits of the empire ? The argument
proves too much ; and you will therefore allow me
not to admit it. And then your Majesty is not
ignorant by what persons, with what money, with
what support the recent attempts at Bologna, Ra-
venna, and other cities have been made. Nearly
the whole of the populations remained terror-
stricken at the movement, which it had not ex-
pected, and which they did not show any incli-
nation to follow. Let your Majesty refleet that,
if I had accopted the project expressed in the
letter which you sent me through M. de Men-
neval, the insurgent provinces would be actually
under my authority. To say the truth, that letter
was in opposition to the one which you had hon-
oured me with before commencing the Italian
campaign, and in which you gave me consoling
assurances without causing me affliction.

,‘ However, the letter to which you make allu-
sion proposed to me, in its first part, a project
inadmissible like the present one; and, as concerns
the second part, I think I have adopted it, as the
documents will prove which have been placed in
the hands of your ambassador at Rome.

" I also reflect upon that phrase of your Majesty
that if I had accepted that project I should have
maintained my authority over those provinces,
which seems to imply that at the point we have
arrived at they are irretrievably lost. Sire, I beg
of you, in the name of the Church, and also in the
point of view of your own interests, to make my
apprehensions unjustified. Certain memoirs, said
to be secret ones, inform me that the Emperor Na-
poleon I. left to his family useful warnings, worthy
of a Christian philosopher, who, in adversity, found
in religion alone resources and consolation.
"It is certain that we shall all shortly have to
appear before the Supreme Tribunal to render •
strict account of our acts, of all our words and
thoughts. Let us, then, endeavour to appear before
that great tribunal of God in such guise as to be
able to feel the effects of His mercy, and not those
of His justice.
" I speak to you, also, in my quality of father,
which givos me the right of speaking the naked
truth to my sons, no matter how high may be their
position in this world. I thank you, nevertheless,
for your benevolent expressions towards me, and
for the assurance which you give me to continue that
solicitude which you say you have always hitherto
entertained for me. It remains only for me to pray
God to shed the abundance of His blessings upon
you, upon the Empress, and upon the young Prince
Imperial. "PLUS IX."
.‘ The Vatican, Jan. 8, 1860."

AN AUSTRIAN GENERAL UPON CRINOLINE.—The
following is a literal translation of an official " notification"
issued by the General Commanding at Mantua :—" Certain
blind intriguers, the vile instruments of a well-known fac-
tion, who by the infamous and reprehensible means endea-
vour to overturn the order established by God and by sound
reason, have presumed, even in this fortress, whose command
has been confided to me by his Majesty our encrust Emperor,
to commit cowardly acts solemnly condemned by every edu-
cated citizen,—even profaning the sacred temple of God,
they have disgracefully insulted the weaker sex on account
of a fashion already fer some time generally adopted. I
hereby call upon the respectable inhabitants of this city and
fortress, who have hitherto given proofs of the most loyal
sentiments, and of the wisest and most peaceable behaviour,
to co-operate cordially with all their influence in preventing
the repetition of these and other scandalous excesses com-
mitted by the above-named infamous faction, and which
havo for their solo object the disturbance in this city-7a
fortress of public order and tranquillity. And I further gtve
notice that if they should again occur I will, as commandant
of the place, make use of the extreme powers confided to
me by adopting the severest measures for the suppression
and prevention of such foolish proceedings. The citizens
(of Mantua) will have to blame themselves alone, and their
own lukewarmness and depravity if, through
anhsud meheeneetrgveitatte
measures, they may suffer in their dearest
interests.—Mantua, Jan. 30. The Imperial Royal
City an
oycailLieui
tenant-Mareschal, Governor, Commanding the
fortress, Darya CuLoz,"

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. 24m.—Afternoon, 3h. 45m.
To-moßnow.-Morning, 2h. 39m.—Afternoon, 3h. 3m.