The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-30 00:00:00

TEL 81CIN. L014001'49 WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 30. 185

view of insuring to the Christian subjects of the Sultan
their religious and political rights, Russia shall be in-
vited, at the peace, to take part therein.

5. SPECIAL CONDITIONS.

The belligerent Powers reserve to themselves the rigbi
which belongs to them of proposing in the interests of
Europe special conditions in addition to the four gua.
ranteeq.

(Initials affixed)
(Initials affixed)

B. B. H. S. G. U.
B. H.
W. 13.
C. C.
0. B.
C. V.
A. M. D.

which have placed Russia in plasession of More terii-'
tories, and their present situation.
Aali Ylsha observes that difficulties have arisen in this
respect between the Porte and Russia, and that it would
be al vantageoul to verify, and, if necessary, rectify the
frontiers between the possessions of the two Empires in
Asia.

PROTOCOL No. 2.—SITTING OF FEBRUARY 28, 1856.
Present.—The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France,
Great Britain, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey.
The first Plenipotentiary of Russia announces that
having communicated to his Government the resolution
taken by the Congress on the subject of tfie armistice, he
had been informed that orders had been immediately
sent to the Commanders-in-chief of the Russian armies
in the Crimea and in Asia.
The Plenipotentiaries of France, of Sardinia, and of
Turkey make similar communications.
The Earl of Clarendon states, on his side, that the
order had in like manner been sent to the commanders
of the naval forces of the allies in the Black Sea, and in
the Baltic to abstain from any act of hostility against the
Russian territories.
Count Walewski states that it is desirable to advert
to certain preliminary points, in order to settle the course
of the general negotiation.
Count Buol is of opinion that it would be advantage-
ous, before proceeding to the development of each point,
to pass rapidly in review the general bases.
The Earl of Clarendon supports this opinion, and
points out that the order to be followed, in the definitive
examination, should be regulated by the importance of
the subjects.
The Plenipotentiaries of Russia, of Sardinia, and of
Turkey, assent to this arrangement.
The question whether one or more instruments should
be drawn up was adjourned by common consont ; but all
the Plenipotentiaries acknowledge that the negotiation
must be closed by a general treaty, to which the other
acts would be annexed.
Count Walewski accordingly reads, paragraph by
paragraph, the propositions of peace accepted by the con-
tracting Po were as bases of the negotiation, and which
are enumerated in the document annexed to the Protocol
signed at Vienna on the Ist February last.
Upon the first paragraph of the first point, Baron
Brunnow remarks that the word "protectorate" impro-
perly describes the position which bad been acquired by
Russia in the Principalities ; the Russian Plenipoten-
tiaries had pointed this out at the Vienna Conferences,
and had obtained the substitution of another term, in
order to restore to the action of Russia its true character.
Baron Brunnow demands that the interpretation which
had been adopted in the Acts of the Vienna Conference
should be adhered to.
Count Buol remarks that the protectorate existed in
the facts and in the situation, if the word itself was not
in the diplomatic stipulations with Turkey ; that the
term used is in effect that of "guarantee," but that it is
important to find a form of expression calculated to show
clearly that an end will be put to this exclusive guarantee.
Aali Pasha, on his side, remarks that the word " pro-
tectorate" was employed in diplomatic documents, and
specifically in the Organic Statute of the Principalities.
The first Plecipotentaries of France and of Great
Britain add the resolutions adopted at Vienna had not all
equally satisfied the allied Powers, and that, moreover,
there was no occasion now to trouble themselves about
them, as the efforts made at that time for the re-esta-
blishment of peace had been ineffectual.
The Russiaa Plenipotentiaries express a wish that, in
order to hasten the proceedings of the Congress, the
agreement which had been come to at that time on cer-
tain points, should at all events be taken into account.
Berou Brunnow is of opinion that the situation of Ser-
via should be the object of a Special Article.
This opinion is a.:sented to by all the Plenipoten-
tariee.
Ali Pasha remarks that the cessation of any single
protectorate naturally excludes ali idea of collective pro-
tectorate, and that the intervention of the Powers will
be confined withia the limits of a simple guarantee.
After having read the second paragraph of the first
point, Count Walewski remarks that the future organi-
zation of the Principalities has given rise to several
systems.
The Plenipotentiaries are unanimously of opinion that
all these combinations shall be referred to a Committee
selected from the Congress, which shall, moreover, itself
only have to lay down the principles of the political and
administrative Constitution of the Danubian Provinces,
leaving the duty of working out the details to a second
Commission, in which the Contracting Parties shall be
represented, and which shall meet immediately after the
conclusion of peace.
The third paragraph of the first point, relative to the
system of defence in the Principalities, is read by Count
Walewski.
Baron Brunnow slates that the Russian Plenipoten-
Lulea would willingly refer on this point to the terms
agreed upon at Vienna.
Baron de Bourqueney replies that the ideas on this
important point aro at present more developed and better
defined ; that the reference would not effect the object
contemplated by the terms of the paragraph under dis-
cussion.

Baron Drunnow remarks that the lined determined by
the Convention signed at St. Petersburg,h in 183 i, has
not since that time, given occasion for any dispute be-
tween the two Goverments ; that in the district of Ca-
buletia, the map of which has been produced, claims bad
indeed been advanced, but they had been exclusively of
a private nature, having their origin in titles to properties
in dispute. The Russian Plenipotentiary adds that Aus-
tria had given Russia an assurance that the separate con-
ditions would involve no cession of territory.
_ _ _

Count Walowski answers that a revi,ion of boundaries
does not constitute a territorial readjustment, and pro-
poses, in order to demonstrate the spirit of equity that
animated all parties, to resolve that a Mixed Commission
shall be charged, after the conclusion of peace, to de-
cide on this point within a fixed period.
This proposition is assented to in principle by all the
Plenipotentiaries, but the definitive adoption of it is de-
ferred till the next meeting.
Count Walewski observes that Russia had erected forts
on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, which she bad her-
self in part blown up, and that it will be necessary to
come to an understanding in this respect.
The Earl of Clarendon, relying, specifically, on the
principle of the neutralisation of toe Black Sea, proceeds
to show that these forts could not be rebuilt.

The Russian Plenipotentiaries, setting up the distinc-
tion which, according to them, exists between these forts
and military maritime arsenals, maintain the contrary
opinion.

The consideration of this point is adjourned.
Count Walewaki lays down that the town of Karg, and
the Ottoman territory at present in the occupation of the
Russian army, shall be restored to Turkey.
The Earl of Clarendon supports and enlarges on this
opinion.

The Russian Plenipotentiaries admit the principle of
this restitution ; but as it cannot be finally decided on
till the end of the negotiation, they express a hope that,
in the course of the negotiation, credit will be given to
them for the concessions which they make in the consi-
deration of the separate conditions proposed in addition
to the bases already agreed upon.
Count Waleweki, white taking note of the adhesion of
the Russian Plenipotentiaries, bears witness to the con-
ciliatory disposition which they have evinced during the
sitting, as well in regard to Kars as in regard to the
Aland Islands.

Before the sitting breaks up, Count Waleweki remarks
that at the next meeting it will be proper to proceed
to the development of the bases and to the drawing
up of the Articles of the Treaty. He is of opinion that
it might be advisable to commence by the third point,
relative to the neutralisation of the Black Sea.

(The signatures follows.)

PROTOCOL No. 4.—SITTING OF MARCEE 4, 1856.
Present.—The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France,
Great Britain, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey.
The Protocol of the preceding meeting. is read and
approved.
Count Walewski observes that the Congress bad de-
cided upon adopting in the present sitting a definitive
decision in regard to the Mixed Commission charged with
the verification and rectification, if necessary, of the
frontiers of Turkey and Russia in Asia.
Baron Bruncow, on his side, reminds the Congress
that this revision is to be effected without prejudice to
the Parties, and so as not to amount to any gratuitous
or superfluous ces-ion of territory.
The Plenipotentiaries of France, of Great Britain, and
of Turkey consider that the Commission should comprise,
in addition to the Commissioners of the two Parties
directly interested, delegates of the Contracting Powers.
Count Walewski consequently proposes that the Com-
mission should be composed of two Turkish Commis-
sioners, of two Russian Commissioners, of one English
Commissioner, and of one French Commissioner. Toe
Russian Plenipotentiaries assent, subject to the approval
of their Court.
It is agreed that the labours of this Commission shall
be concluded within eight months after the signature of
the Treaty of Peace.
Count Walewski observes that, in accordance with the
decision of the Congress, the development of the third
point, relative to the neutralisation of the Black Sea,
should be proceeded with by coming to an agreement as
to the, wording of the 'stipulations, the basis of which bad
been laid down at the preceding sittings. The first Pleni-
potentiary of France proposes the text of the first para-
graph, which, after having been the subject of a delibera-
tion in which all the Plenipotentiaries take part, is
settled as follows :
" The Black Sea is neutralised : its waters and its
ports, thrown open to the mercantile marine of every na-
tion, are formally and in perpetuity interdicted to the
flag of war, either of the Powers possessing its coasts,
or of any other Power, with the exceptions stipulated in
the present Treaty.
" Free from any impediment, the commerce, in the
ports and waters of the Black Sea, shall be subject only
to the regulations in force."
The second paragraph is in like manner agreed to by
all the Plenipotentiaries, after having been settled in the
following form :
" The B.ack Sea being declared neutral, the mainte-
nance or establishment upon its coast of military-maii-
time fertresses becomes alike unnecessary and purpose-
less. In consequence, his Majesty the Emperor of Rus-
sia and his Majesty the Sultan engage not to establish or
to maintain, upsn that coast, any miiitary-maritime
arsenal."
The first Plenipotentiary of Great Britain states that
Russia possesses at Nicolaieff an arsenal of the first class
for maritime works, the maintenance of which would be
in contradiction to the principles on which the paragraph
of which the Congress has just settled the terms is founded.
This arsenal not being situated on the shores of the
Black Sea, Lord Clarendon does not mean to assert that
Russia is bound to destroy the ship-building yards which
exist there • but he remarks that pubiic opinion would
be authorised in attributing to Russia intentions which
she cannot entertain, if Nicolaieff were to retain, as a
centre for all maritime works, the importance which it
has acquired.
The first Plenipotentiary of Russia replies that the Em-
peror, his august master, r,n acceding with. sincerity to the
propositions of peace, firmly resolved strictly to carry out
all the engagements resulting from them ; but that Nieo-
' laieff, being situated far from the shore of the Black Sea,
respect for her dignity would not permit Russia to allow
a principle solely applicable to the coast to be extended
to the interior of the Empire ; that the security of and
watching over the coasts required, moreover, that Russia
should have, as had been admitted, a certain number of
light vessels in the Black Sea, and that, if the consented
to give up the ship-building yards of Nicolaieff, she would
be compelled to establish others in some other point of
her southern possessions ; that, in order at once to pro-
vide for his engagements and for the requirements of the
naval service, the Emperor intends only to authorise the
construction at Nicolaieff of the vessels of war men
tioned in the bases of the negotiation.
The first Plenipotentiary of Great Britain, and, after
him, the other Plenipotentiaries, consider this declaration
satisfactory.

Count Walewski after having read the fourth and last
paragraph of the first point, passes on to the second
point, which contains only a single paragraph.
Count Orloff observes that the presence at the mouths
of the Danube of vessels of war bearing the flags of
Powers not border;ng ou the Black Sea, will constitute
an infringement of the principle of neutralisation.
Count Buol remarks that the ships of the non-border-
ing Powers intended to be stationed at the mouths of the
Danube will, nevertheless, have the power of moving
about freely in the Black Sea ; that the nature and re-
quirements of the service imposed on them would not
admit of the existence of any doubt on that point.
Baron Brunnow observes that the object of their mis-
. 4 in is, however, clearly defined.
The reading of the first, second, and third paragraphs
of the third point gives rise to no observation.
A short discussion showed that the Plenipotentiaries
were agreed as to the interpretation of the fourth, fifth,
and sixth parajaphs, relating to the protection of com-
mercial interests in the Black Sea, and the Separate Con-
veution to be concluded between Russia and the Otto-

man Porte.
On the eighth paragraph, relating to the renewal of
the Convention of The Straits, the Plenipotentiaries
unanimously expressed a wish that the separate Act, des-
tined to record that important principle, should be an-
nexed to the General Treaty.
Count Walewski observes that it will be necessary,
when tho Plenipotentiaries enter upon this point of the
negotiation, to inquire what Powers shall be called upon
to cincur tu it; and Count (Huff, as well as C,unt.Buol,
add that Prussia, would naturally be invited to take part
in it.
Whilst agreeing. to this opinion, the Earl of Clarendon
stated that Prussia ought not to be invited to take part
in the negotiation until the principal clauses of the Ge-
neral Treaty should be settled.
Count Walewski points out that the Plenipotentiaries
have to decide later at what time this invitation
shoul I be sent to Prussia.
The fourth point is read throughout, and Count Wa-
lewski remarks thereupon that it will he proper to re
surd the entrance of Turkey within the public law of
Europe. The Plenipotentiaries agree that it is important
a) record this new fact by a special stipulation inserted
the Gaieral Treaty. The terms agreed upon at Vienna
o that effect were read, and it is admitted that they
sight be accepted by the Congress.
Count Orloff expresses a wish to be informed of the
course which Turkey proposes to follow, in order to give
the proper effect to the fourth point.
Aali Pasha states that a new hatti-sherif has renewed
the religious privileges granted to thu non Mussulman
subjects of the Porte, and prescribed new reforms, which
probed the solicitu.le of his Majesty the Sultan for all his
people without distinction ; that this Act has been pub-
lishA, and that the Sublime Porte, in proposing to com-
municate it to the Powers by means of an official note,
would in that matter have complied with the require-
ments in regard to the fourth point.
Count Orloff, as well as Baron Hubner, and, after
them, the other Plenipotentiaries, express an opinion that
mention should be made, in the General Treaty, of the
measures taken by the Ottoman Government. They
appeal to the text itself of the fourth point, which ha-
poses this as an obligation on the Plenipotentiaries, yet
so that no prejudice should result from doing so to the
independence and dignity of the Sultan's Crown.
The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, of France, and of
Great Britain acknowledge the liberal character of the
measures which have been adopted at Constantinople,
and state that it is under the same impression that they
consider it indispensable to record them in the Final Act
of the Congress ; and by no means in order to deduce
therefrom any right whatever of interference in the re-
lations of the Government of his Majesty the Sultan with
his subjects.
Aali Pasha replies that his powers do not permit him
to give his full assent to the opinion of the other Pleni-
potentiaries, and states that he will take the orders of
his Court by telegraph.
The sitting is broken up, and the consideration of the
fifth point is deferred till the next meeting.
(The signatures follow.)

Toe Earl of Clarendon inquires of the first Plenipoten-
tiary of Russia. whether he agrees to the insertion of his
declaration in the Protocol. After having replied in the
affirmative, Count Orloff adds that, in order to prove the
sincerity of his intentions, the Emperor has intrusted
him to demand a free passage through the Straits of the
Bosphorus and the Dardanelles for the two shins of the
line which alone are now at Nicolaieff, and which would
hare to proceed to the Baltic as soon as peace was con-
cluded.

Tne terms of the other paragraphs relative to the third
point, as deliberated on by the Plenipotentiaries, were
thus settled :

" In order to afford to the commercial and maritime
interests of every nation the security which is desired,
Russia and the Sublime Porte will admit Consuls into
their ports situated upon the coast of the B.a3k Sea, in
conformity with the principles of international law.
"His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russia.s and his
:llajesty the Sultan having concluded between them a
Convention, for the purpose of settling the force and
number of light vessels which they may maintain in the
Black Sea, this Convention is annexed to the present
Treaty, and shall have the same force and validity as if
it formed an integral part thereof. It cannot be either
annulled or modified without the assent of the Powers
signing the present Treaty.
"The Convention of July 13, 1841, which maintains
the ancient rule of the Ottoman Empire, relative to the
closing of the Straits of the Busphorus and of the Dar-
danelles, having been revised by common consent, the
Act concluded for that purpose is and remains annexed
to the present Treaty."
The Plenipotentiaries of Russia and Turkey are in-
vited to agree together on the Convention to be concluded
between them on the subje,..t of the light vessels which
the Sublime Porte and Russia may maintain in the Black
See, and it is agreed that the project of it shall be com-
municated to the Congress at the next meeting.
(rho signatures follows.)

PROTOCOL, No. S.—SITTING OF llfaitca 6, 1856.
Present.—The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France,
Great Britain, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey.
The Protocol of the preceding meeting is read ar.d
--- approved.
pßoTocoL No. 3.—SITTING OF MARCH 1, 1856. Count Orloff states that the Plenipotentiaries of Tur-
Present.—Tae Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France' key and of Russia are not prepared to lay before the Con-
Great Britain, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey.
, grass the pr eject of Treaty relative to the vessels of war
provThed Protocol of the preceding sitting is read and ap-
which the Powers possessing the coasts may keep in the
e.
The Congress as it had resolved, proceeds to the con- Black Sea, and applies to defer this communication till
sideration of the fifth point.the next sitting.
Count Walewski reads it and adds that in the first The first Plenipotentiary of Great Britain inquires of
, ,
the Plenipotentiaries of Russia whether the declaration
place, and as a separate condition, the allied Power-it do. made by Count Orloff in the preceding sitting, on the
rebuild or create any naval or ' hi' h
mand that henceforth Russia should no longer be ab le to
military este is mr.n in
the Aland Islands,
Count Orloff replies that Russia is disposed to a ace de the Sea of Azoff.
. . subject of Nicolaieff, applies equally to Cherson and to
The first Plenipotentiary of Russia replies that, like
to this stipulation if the P Nicolaieff, the Sea of Azoff cannot be included under thelenipotentiaries succeed, .as be
hoped would be the ca-e, in coming t direct application of the principle accepted by Russia ;t,,an understandi og
upon the other points of the negotiation. He demands that, on the other hand, it is indubitable that large yes.
that this stipulation should be recorded in a Separte At t, sale cannot navigate that sea ; he abides, however, by
the assurances to which the Earl of Clarendon has IT-
Obe concluded between France, Great Britain and Ru s. the
and he repeats that Russia being desirous of act-
sia, those Powers having exclusively taken part in tt ,e
warlike operations of which the Baltic has been t.
no wholly in conformity with the engagements which
theatre. Ishe has contracted, will not build, anywhere on the
'of Austria express the •
The Plenipotentiaries opin ion shores of the Black Sea, or in its tributaries, or in the
that the Separate Act should, nevertheless, be annex red
waters which are dependent on it, any ships of war other
to the General Treaty. than those which Russia will maintain in the Black Sea
The Conference assent, according to the terms of her Convention with Turkey.
Count Walewski states that, as the second sepses is The Congress proceeds to the development of the
condition, The first Plenipotentiary of France remarks that the the allied Powers require that the state of tl to ii second point.
territories situated to the east of the Black Sea should I be 1
m.
Conference of Vienna had carefully studied all the gu
specially inquired into,
Lions relating to the navigation of the Danube, and that
Baron Biuntiow explains the diplomatic tramactio Fli

it would, consequently, be advisable to take into ac-
count what had been then prepared.
Gmnt BU9I reads the Annex to the filth Vienna Pro-
tocol.

Count Walewshi proposes that the following elauf..7es
should he drawn up

" The Act of the Congress of Vienna having esta-
blished the principles intended to regulate the navigation
of rivers which traverse several States, the Contracting
Powers stipulate among themselves that the-e principles
shall in future be equally applied to the Danube and its
mouths ; they declare that this arrangement henceforth
forms part of the public law of Europe, and take it under
their guarantee.

"The navigation of the Danube cannot be subjected
to any impediment or change not expressly provided for
by the stipulations which follow : in consequence, there
shall not be levied any toll founded solely upon the fact
of the navigation of the river, nor any duty upon the
goods which may be on board of vessels, and no obstacle
whatever shall be opposed to free navigation.
"The Sublime Porte engages to cause to be executed,
in conjunction with the Local Government in the Prin-
cipalities, the works which are at present, or which may
become, necessary, as well to clear the mouth of the
Danube from the sands which obstruct it, as to put the
river in the best possible state for navigation on other
points in the upper part of its course, especially between
the ports of Galata and Braila.

"In order to cover the expenses of such works, as
well of the establishments intended to secure and to faci-
litate the navigation, fixed duties of a suitable rate may
be levied on ships navigating the Lower Danube, on the
express condition that, in this respect as in every other,
the flags of all nations shall be treated on the footing of
perfect equality.
" With the view to carry out the arrangements of the
preceding Article, a Commission, which can only be
dissolved by common consent, and composed of

shall be
charged with the duty of determining the extent of the
works to be executed, and of preparing the bases of a
regulation for navigation, and for river and maritime
police ; it shall also draw up instructions intended for the
guidance of an Executive Commission.
"In conformity with the stipulations of the Treaties of
Vienna, this Commission will be composed of

in their quality of river.
bordering states ; it will be permanent. In case of dis-
agreement relative to the interpretation of the establish-
ed regulations, reference shall be had to the Contracting
Powers."

Count Walewski observes that the Congress will fur-
ther have to take into consideration the composition of
the Commissions mentioned in the two last paragraphs ;
but that as the Executive Commission is to comprise
delegates of all the Powers bordering on the Danube,
it will be proper to invite Bavaria to send representatives
to it.

portance, and on the solution of which must necessarily
depend the further labours of the Cong,r;?ss on that sub-
ject ; thin question is, whether Moldavia and Wallachia
shall henceforth be ucited in one single Principality, or
whether they shall co,tinue to possess a separate admi•
nistration. The first Plenipotentiary of Franco conceives
that, as the union of the two Provinces satisfies the ro•
quirements brought to light by an attentive investiga-
tion into their tru3 interests, the Congress should admit
and proclaim it.
Tho first Plenipotentiary of Great Britain shares in
and supports this opinion, relying especially on the
utility and expediency of taking into serious considera-
tion the wishes of the people, which it is always right
he adds, to take into account.

Count Buol remarks, that the regulation of which this
Commission will have to superintend the execution, can
affict only the interests of the navigation of the Lower
Danube ; that the navigation of the Upper Danube has
not given rise to any dispute among the interested par-
ties, and that there could be no reason for giving to the
authority of the Commission an extension for which
there was no justification.

The first Plenipotentiary of Turkey contests it. Aali
Pasha maintains that the state of things to which it is
proposed to put an end cannot le attributed to the sepa-
ration of the two Provinces ; that the separation dates
from the most remote times, while the confusion which
has prevailed in the Principalities dates from a compara-
tively recent period ; that the separation is the natural
consequence of the difference of manners and habits in
the two Provinces ; that some individuals, influenced by
personal considerations, have propounded an opinion ad-
verse to the existing state of things, but such certainly
is not the opinion of the people.
Count Buol, although not authorised to discuss a
question which is not provided for in his instructions,
agrees with the first Plenipotentiary of Turkey, that no-
thing could justify the union of the two Provinces ; the
people, be aids, have not been consulted ; amsd if the
value which each community attaches to its self-govern-
ment is considered, it may be inferred a priori that the
Moldavians, equally with the Wallachians, desire, above
all things, to preserve their local and separate institu•
tion 3.

After having added further arguments in support of
his opinion, Count Wale wski replies that the Congress
cannot directly consult those people, and that it must ne-
cessarily, in thiA respect, act upon presumption. Now,
he says, all accounts agree in representing the Moldo-
Wallachians as unanimously imbued with the desire of
forming for the future only one single Principality ; this
desire is explained by the community of origin and of
religion, as well as by previous occurrences, which have
shown the political and administrative inconveniences
resulting from the separation the union being, no
doubt, an element of prosperity hr both Provinces, an-
swers the fend to which the solicitude of the Congress is
directed.

The first Plenipotentiary of France replies, that the
Congress has to deal with a general question affecting the
navigation of the river ; that it had been thus laid down
in the document which forms the basis of the negotia
tion ; and that, from the moment it is agreed that the
Commission styled Executive is to be composed of river-
bordering Powers, it becomes impossible to exclude
Bavaria from it ; he adds that, moreover, the text of the
proposed Articles admits of no ambiguity and sufficiently
indicates the nature of the attributes of this Commission.

Count Walewski reads the seventh and last paragraph,
which is is the following terms :

"In order to insure the execution of the regulations
which shall have been drawn up by common consent in
accordance with the principles above set forth, each of
the Contracting Powers shall have the right of station-
ing (one or two) light vessels at the mouths of the
Danube."

The Congress defers, to a future sitting, the final
drawing, up of these several paragraphs.
The fir,t Plenipotentiary of Great Britain expresses the
opinion that the terms of the stipulations inserted in the
Protocols ought not to bind the Congress irrevocably.
He adds, that, in his opinion, each Plenipotentiary re-
tains the right of furiher proposing such modifications as
he may consider it advantageous to bring forward.
Count Orloff replies that, as the Plenipotentiaries
transmit each Protocol to their respective Governments,
he cannot admit that paragraphs, accepted unanimously,
can be indefinitely altered.
The Plenipotentiaries of Great Britain expla'n that
they do not propose to reserve to each Plenipotentiary
the right of revising the resolutions adopted and the
principles accepted by the Congress, but the power of
proposing a simple revision of the text, if necessary, in
order better to define its sense and bearing.
The observations of the Earl of Clarendon, confined
within these limits, are agreed to by the Congress.
(The signatures follow).

The first Plenipotentiary of Austria does not think that
he can place implicit confidence in the information on
which the first Plenipotentiary of France relies. He
thinks, besides, that the opinion of the first Plenipoten-
tiary of Turkey, who is in a better position than
any other member of the Congress for estimat-
ing the real wants and wishes of the people, de•
serves especial consideration ; that, on the other
hand, the Powers are, above all, bound to maintain
the privileges of the Principalities, and that, to
compel the two Provinces to amalgamate with each other,
would be to inflict a severe blow on those pi ivileges, since
among the number of those privileges was, above all,
comprised tbat of separate Administrations. He adds
that, at a later period, and when there shall be established
in the Principalities an institution which cm be regu-
larly considered as the legitimate organ of the wishes of
the country, it mightlbe possible, if necessary, to unite
the two provinces with a full knowledge of all the cir-
cumstances.

PROTOCOL No. G.—SITTING or MARCH 8, 1850.
Present.--The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France,
Great Britain, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey.
The first Plenipotentiary of Turkey states that
Mehemmed Djetnil Bey would not be present at the
sitting, the state of his health not allowing him to be so.
The Protocol of the preceding meeting is read and
approved.
The first Plenipotentiary of Ru its states t'-at his
Court has assented to the establishment of the Mixed
Commis-ion which will be charged with the revision of
the Asiatic frontier, and to which, as stated in Protocol
No. 4, the PleniOtentiaries of Russia hal only agreed
subject to the approval of their Government.
On the propos:7'4 of Count Wa!ewski, the Congress
proceeds to the de.zelopsnent of the first point, and de-
cides that, before touching on the questions relating to
the organisation of the Principalities, it will take up the
rectification of the frontiers between the Danubian Pro-
vinces anti the Russian territory.
Baron Brunnow reads a memorandum tending to
prove that the character of the localities, and the direc-
tion of the roads of communication, do not admit of a
direct line being drawn between the two extreme points
indicated in the Preliminaries of Peace. He observes
that the Allied Powers propose to insure the free naviga•
Lion of the Donuts?, and he conceives that this object
would be attained by another line which he is instructed
to propose to the Congress ; this line, which would have
the advantage of causing no disturbance in the admigis-
tration of the Province, would start from Waduli-Ti-alti
on the Prutb, follow the Val de Trajan, and terminate
on the north of Lake Yalput. Russia would abandon
the Islands of Delta, and raze the forts of Ismail and
Kilia-nova.
Count Walewski reples that this proposition is too
material a departure from the very bases of the negctia-
tion for the Plenipotentiaries of the allied Powers to be
able to take it into serious consideration.
Baron Brunnow, reverting to the observations which
ho bad already urge], states that it would be difficult to
fix upon a good boundary, if the limits which he has sug-
gested are departed from. He adds that it might. how-
ever, be possible to add to the territory ceded by Russia
by the line which he has already proposed, that which is
included between the Lake Kartalabug, the Val de
Trajan, and, Lake Salsyk.
Tne first Pleuipotet t sry cf Great Britain represents
that the admission f the line indicated by the Russian
Plenipotentiary won d be equivalent to the abandonment
of the propositions drawn up by Austria with the assent
of the allied Powers ; that those propositions have been
accepted at St. Petersburg, confirmed at Vienna and
Paris, and that the Plenipotentiaries of those Powers,
whatever may be the spirit of concilation by which they
are animated, could not depart, to sucO an extent, from
the conditions of penes, and entirely renounce conces-
sions ndmitted in principle by a 1 the Governments repre-
sented a% the Congress.
Count Walewskr makes similar observations.
Count Boot also remarks that the line proposed by
Baron Brunnow comprises only a small portion of the
territory the cession of which had been consented to by
Russia when she accepted the conditions of peace con-
veyed by Austria to St. Petersburg, and that he hopes
that the Plenipotentiaries of Russia will make to the Con-
gress a proposition approaching snore nearly to the facts
which bad preceded the opening of the negotiatione.
Baron Hubner observes that the line indicated by its
two ex4rente point, in the Austrian propositions, is
founded on the configuration of the country, as laid down
in all the snaps.
The Plenipotentiaries of Russia reply that they have
given evidence, in the preceding sittings, of their concilia-
tory intentions ; that' they have placid before the Con-
gress considerations which, in their opinion, deserve to be
taken into account ; that they have no other object than
to elicit an understanding in conformity with the tops.
graphy of the country and with the interests of its inha-
bitants; and that they are consequently ready to discuss
any other proposition which might be communicated to
them.

Baron Bourqueney replies to the first Plenipotentiary
of Austria that he cannot share his views ; the bases of
the negotiation, he says, sets forth that tie Principali-
ties shall preserve their privileges and their immunities,
and that the Sultan, in concert with his allies, shall
grant or confirm to them an internal organisation suita-
ble to the wants and wishes of the people. It hal there-
fore been proposed at Vienna to reserve to the Sultan
and his allies the right and the care of devising toether
the measures calculated to ensure the happiness of these
people, taking into account their own wishes. Now
Fracce had presented at the C.mforences of the preceding
year, an Act which placed the question on the ground of
the discussion ; and since that time no demonstration
had taken place tending to invalidate the accounts which
lead to the supposition that the lVioldo-Wallachians de-
sired the union of the Provinces in one single Princi-
pality. _ _

Tice first Plenipotentiary of 3arilinia remarks, in order
to prove that the wish of the people iu this respect is
antecedent to the present state o, affairs, that an article
of the Organic Statute has decided the question by re-
cording in that Act the principle of the eventual union
of the Principalities.

Aali Pasha maintains that the Article quoted by the
Count de Cavour would not bear such an interpretation.
Count Orloff declares that the Plenipotentiaries of
Russia, having had opportunities of ascertaining the
wants and wishes of the two Principalities, support the
project of union as calculated to promote the prosperity
o the Provinces.

Upon the declaration made by Aali Pasha that the
Plenipotentiaries of Turkey are Hot authorised to purstie
the discussion on this basis, and the Plenipotentiaries of
Austria being themselves without instructions, the ques-
tion is adjourned to another sitting, in order to enable
there to take the orders of their Courts.
(Tee signatures follow.)

PROTOCOL No. 7.—SITTING OF MARCH 10, 1855.
Present.—The Pienivotentiaries of Austria, France,
Great Britain, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey.
The second Plenipotentiary of Turkey, prevented by
the state of his health, does not assist at the sitting.
Toe Protocol of the preceding sitting is read and ap-
proved.

Tne Congress resumes the discussion on the demarca-
tion of the frontiers in Bessarabia.
Baron Bruunow explains that the Plenipotentiaries of
Russia have examined, in the same spirit of conciliation
which had suggested the terms of it to the Plenipoten-
tiaries of the Allied Powers, the line which had bsen
proposed to them at the preceding sitting ; that they
acknowledge how much this line justifies the confidence
which they bad placed in the conciliatory dispositions of
the Congress ; but that after having consulted their in-
structions, and grounding their opinion on the topo-
graphical and administrative considerations which they
halt: already explained, they find themselves compelled,
in the interest itself of a good demarcation, to demand
an amendment of the line which had been offered to
them, so that the frontier, starting from the confluence
of the Pruth and the Saratsika, should ascend this latter
river as far as the village of the same name, and should
procee I thence towards the river Yalpuok, the course of
which it should descend as far as the point where it joins
the Val de Trajan, which it should fellow as far as lake
Salsyk, terminating finally at the northern extremity of
Lake Alabies.
This proposition is subjected to an examination in
which all the Plenipotentiaries take part; who come to
an agree nut and decide that the frontier shall start from
the Black Sea, nue:kilometre to the east of Lake B 'urea
Sola, shall run perpendicularly to the Akei man road,
fellow this road as far as the Val de Trajan, pass to the
"Routh of Bolgrad, ascend the Yalptic:t River to the height
of Saratisika, and terminate at Kataineri nn the Pruth.
The Plenipotentiaries of Russia, whilst assenting to
the result of this deliberation, yet having, they say, been
obliged to depart from their instructions, reserve the
approbation of their Court.
A Commission, composed of engineers and surveyors,
shall be charged with fixing in its details the line of the
new frontier.
Count Orloff, grounding his arguments on precedents,
proposes to the Congress to decide that the inhabitants
of the territory cede.' by Russia should retain the full
enjoyment of the rights and privileges of which they are
in possession, and that they shall be permitted to transfer
their abode elsewhere, ceding their property in return for
a pecuniary indemnity agreed upon by common consent,
or by means of a separate agreement to be concluded
with the Administration of the Principalities.
Several plenipotentiaries observing that this proposi-
von may raise difficulties which they are not in a posi-
tion to ai pr s.ciate, the Congress receive.; it ad referendum.
Count Walewski remarks that the development of the
first point, as far as concerns the future orgenisation of
the Principalities, requires that the details of it should
be confided to a Chonuis,ion, the labours of which, if the
conclusion of peace were made to depend on them, would
delay, without sufficient reason, the principal object en-
trusted to the care of the Congress. In the opening of
the first Plenipotentiary of France, they rn,f4},t confine
themselves to laying down in the Treaty the bases of the
politioal and administrative system which shall henceforth
regulate the Danuliiati Province 4, agreeing, at the same
time, that the Contracting Parties shall conclude a Con

vention on this subject with the least possible delay. In
this case, he adds, the Treaty of Peace might be signed
shortly, and the expectation of Europe would be no
longer kept in suspense.
his proposition is the subject.of a discussion in
take part particularly the Pledpoteniaries of Austria and
Great Britain.

The first Plenipotentiary of France repeats that the
allied Powers could not agree to a boundary which would
not be in accordance with the concessions obtained by the
negotiation ; but that it is nevertheless admissible to pro-
ceed by means of compensation ; and that it might per-
haps be possible to come to an understanding by extend.
ing the boundary to the southeast and beyond Lake
Salsyk, if, as the Plenipotentiaries of Russia conceive, it
would encounter topographical difficulties to the north.
After a discussion upon this amendment, in which all
the Plenipotentiaries take part, it is proposed to the
Plenipotentiaries of Russia to settle the frontier by
means of a line which, starting from the Pruth between
Leova and Hush, would pass to the north of Lake
Salsyk, and terminate above Lake Albedies.
The Plenipotentiaries of Russia being obliged, thel
say, to ascertain what effect this would have upon the
Bulgarian and Russian colonies established in this part
of Bessarabia, request that the continuation of the dis•
mission may be deferred till the next sitting.
The Congress agrees ; but the Plenipotentiaries of France
and Great Britain maintain that the proposition, to which
they have assented in a spirit of concord, constitutes, in
every respect, a concession, the importance of which is
proved by the extent of territory comprised between
Chotyn and Hush, and they express the conviction that
this concession will be fully appreciated by the Plenipr.)-
teutiaries of Russia.
Count Orloff bears witness to the goodwill which the
Russian Plenipotentiaries, in their turn, experience
from the other members of the Congress, and he adds,
that in requesting to be allowed time fully to examine
the proposition which has been made to them, the only
object they have in view, is to endeavour to reconcile it
with local requirements.
The Congress then proceeds to the examination of the
propositions relative to tha organisation of the Principa-

The first Plenipotentiary of Austria proposes an amend-
ment which is accepted ; and, in consequence, the Curl.
cress decides that a Giminission, composed of Coun t
Buol, Baron tourqueney, and Aali Pasha, shall present,
at the next sitting, the text of the Articles of the Treaty
of Peace destined to fix the bases of the Convention
which shall be concluded on the subject of the Princi-
palities.

Count Walewski expresso the opinion that at the
point at which the negotiations have happily arrived, the
moment is come to invite Prussia to send Representa-
tives to the Congress, in accordance with the decision
come to at the meeting of the 23th of February, and he
proposes to adopt and forward to Berlin the following
resolution :

" The Congress, considering that it is a matter of Eu-
ropean interest that Prussia, a signing Party to the Con-
vention concluded at London on the 13th July, 1841,
should participate in the new arrangements to be adopted,
decides that an extract from the Protocol of this day
shall be forwarded t Berlin through Count Walewski,
as organ of the Congress, in order to invite the Prussian
Government to send Plenipotentiaries to Paris."
The Couvress adheres.
The Earl of Clarendon, expressing the confidence
which he places in the sentiments of the Court of Rus-

sia, and speaking in the name of the allied Powers,
:states that he thinks he may be sure that the ceme-
teries in which repose the officers and soldiers who have
fallen before Sebastopol or on other points of the Rims.
sian territory, as well as the monuments raised to their

!Timmy, will be maintained in perpetuity and treated
with the respect due to the ashes of the dead ; he add.

that he should, however, be happy to recaive an a,sur-
ance of this from the mouth of the Plenipotentaries of
Russia.

Count Walewski remarks that, before touching on
this important point of negotiation, it is indi,ponsahle to
deliberate on a question which is of a paramount ina.

Count Orloff thanks the Congress for the opportunity
which is offered him of giving a proof of the dif p
which animates the Emperor h►s august Ala:.ter, of which
he is sure that he is the loyal and faithful interpreter in
declaring that all the necessary ineasures :till be taken
to reajsd full, the wish expressed by the Plenipoten-
tiaries of the allied Powers.

Count Walewski remarks that the Treaty of Peace