The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-05 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON', THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 5, 1860.

further, though it is easier to preach philosophy
than to practice it, yet if any one of you can say
honestly to himself " I will make it my first object,
not to succeed, bat to deserve successs ; I will
accept contentedly whatever fortune sends, pro-
vided only I can feel I have done my best," I say,
if any man can sincerely hold that language, and
keep his spirits to that high pitch, he is more
likely than another to obtain the prizes of life,
simply because his mind is more free from disturb-
ing influences—because he can more fully command
that inward peace, that even and dispassionate
temper, without which I believe no great intel-
lectual feat was ever accomplished—without which
I am sure, no genuine happiness was ever yet
secured. Accept, gentlemen, my congratulations
on the past, my warm good wishes for your future,
and may you so bear yourselves that these who
stand here in my place, a generation hence, may
be proud to name your names as an example and
encouragement to those who succeed you, and to
say of you, " He was a student at University Col-
lege."
Lord FORTESCUE proposed a vote of thanks to
his Lordship, which was carried by acclamation.

itself again to the two great nations of the West
to apply their united forces to the benefit of the
human race. Austria, Russia, and Prussia herself
happen, at one and the same time, notwithstanding
their numberless soldiers, to labour under a state of
weakness and disorganisation. They are thG very
oppressors of Poland, but they do not only weigh
heavily upon their Polish subjects, they at the
same time trample upon binding treaties. The let-
ter of the treaties which bind them towards Europe
and Poland has proved a deception ; but the spirit of
those enactments is clear—it stipulates emphati-
cally that the Polish nation, upon the whole extent
which it possessed before the first dismemberment
in 1772, and under whatever Governments she re-
mains, shall preserve its national life and such re-
presentative institutions as can best secure nationa-
lity. Upon that ground Great Britain and France
may, whenever they choose, open the question ;
and if they do not in due time find the proper op-
portunity for it, they cannot plead that they have
wanted the power, they must acknowledge that as
Christian nations they were not true to their duty.
But I repel the supposition. I am ready to acknow-
ledge that hitherto we ourselves may have failed in
showing to demonstration that we had profited by
the lessons of misfortune, that we are no more the
nation which, after centuries of heroic deeds, allowed
herself to be overtaken in sleep, but that we are
both awakened to our duties and taught how best to
perform them. As to this latter assertion you will
be pleased, gentlemen, to hear in what words, at
one of the great courts of Europe, the ambassador
of one of the sovereigns who hold Poland in bond-
age was heard to confirm it. After deploring the
difficulties weighing upon his government, he said,
" A new danger henceforth threatens us ; Polonism
is decidedly awakening and growing upon us."
May God grant that the truth of these words should
soon be confirmed by signs every day more unques-
tionable, and may those signs speak to the hearts
and minds of the two great nations of the West !

POE.RIO ON THE NEAPOLITAN

GOVERNMENT.

During a debate which took place on Friday in
the Sardinian Parliament on Neapolitan affairs,
Baron Poerio was urged by his friends to address
the house, and in a clear, manly, sonorous tone, by
no means impaired by the ill-health under which
he has so long been labouring, and with a fluency
and elegance of speech characteristic of the southern
Italians, said—
" It was my intention to address a few questions
to the hon. President of the Council of Ministers
respecting the late events in Naples as soon as I
had collected sufficient information ; but as my hon.
friend the Deputy Mancini, in giving his opinion
on the merits of the present question, has spoken at
full length on the subject, and as the hon. Minister
of the Interior has given an answer with which I,
taking into consideration the reserve suggested by
present circumstances, declare myself highly satis-
fied, I may perhaps be allowed to associate myself
to the wishes so elegantly expressed by my hon.
friend, and to add a few plain words. No doubt
the instinct of self-preservation urges governments
as well as individuals to those resolutions which at
first glance seem the most desperate. A drowning
man, hopeless of any other escape, will, in the agony
of death, cling to and catch at any object within his
reach. I, therefore, can well understand that the
Government of Naples, which up to this moment
was always the most fierce and implacable foe to
Italian nationality—that Government which, with
the most cowardly obstinacy, persecuted the gene-
rous men who aspired to that common object,
should now all at once change its language, and
put forth words of independence, patriotism,
and nationality, seeking the protection and refuge
of this Government, and suing, at least, for its
moral support. Gentlemen, I have often seen men
laden with the most hideous crimes, when brought
before the court which is to try them and unable
to deny their offences, put forward words of com-
punction and repentance. Every Government,
gentlemen, has its traditions, from which it cannot
depart. We need no argument to be convinced of
this truth. The traditions of the Neapolitan Go-
vernment are hereditary perjury. The new King,
almost to prove the legitimacy of his descent, is
preparing to perjure himself, and, in order to qua-
lify himself for the task of forswearing himself, he
must first swear. It is with that view that lie de-
clares himself ready to swear constitutions and al-
liances. His object in proposing an alliance with
the King's Government is obvious. He is only
meditating the re-conquest of Sicily. These are
the old fox-like wiles of the Neapolitan Govern-
ment. As these have thrice availed them, they
hope even now, from the same arts, to attain the
same results. But, if these are very clearly the
intentions of the Government of Naples, there is
also no doubt but the Government of the King—of
that King who for the last 12 years has held aloft
the banner of Italian nationality, will never desert
its post, never will associate itself with a faith-
breaking Government, a Government by the nature
.of its very institutions an implacable foe to Italian
regeneration. I therefore trust that the King's
Ministers, following up the national Italian policy
which they have so nobly pursued heretofore, will
never press the hand of that :Government which
has so long combated our independence, waging
against us that secret subterranean war which is
very often so much more injurious than an open
war. As I am intimately convinced that the
King's Government will fulfil this sacred duty—a
duty imposed upon them by all their foregoing
policy and by the future of Italy—as a member of
this Parliament, whereon rest the hopes of Italy, I
declare that I give my full assent to this bill, being
certain that all the means entrusted to the Govern-
ment by the vote of the representatives of the
nation will always be employed for the increase of
the public prosperity, and for the future welfare of
Italy." (Bravo ! bravo ! loud applause.)

and moral, were the exclusive objects dis-
cussed in those meetings or elaborated in special
committees. And this it was precisely which caused
the Russian Government last month to issue an
order which, though pretending to leave in existence
the agricultural society, forbids the greatest part of
its labours, and particularly insists upon the prize
medals or rewards allotted to such inhabitants as
cannot appear in person at Warsaw being for-
warded to them, not through the authorised corre-
spondents of the society, but by the Russian local
officials. And no wonder, for whatever is profitable
to a Polish community must under any of the three
spoilers of Poland be looked at with a profound
distrust, and with that hatred which the offender
ever feels for his victim, until she lies prostrate and
senseless. To escape such hatred and distrust, a
Pole must neither be religious, nor simply honest,
nor well-informed, nor rich. But in that very
hatred and suspicion, friends of Poland, trusting in
God's mercy and in the approaching era of justice
amongst nations, may find fresh motives of perse-
verance : for blood and tears cannot be drawn from
a corpse ; and, in truth, Poland is a daily scene of
blood and tears. Yet this is not all that friends of
Poland may be comforted with. The Polish nation
not only lives ; its life is laborious, patient, per-
severing, and bears the manifest stamp of improve-
ment towards political maturity. I'll mention one
single feature of it. Wherever they are allowed to
act in a body, we rejoice in seeing most gratifying
readiness to support chosen leaders by a willing
discipline. It is the case at Warsaw ; it is also the
case in Prussian Poland, whence the members elected
for the Berlin parliament, about thirty in number,
never appear, never speak in any of the two
houses composed of Germans, but as the authorised
delegates of their fellow members, representing
that part of Poland which by the public law of
Europe is annexed to Prussia, not incorporated.
Such a body of men in a province is in itself a lead-
ing power for the vital forces of the country, an
enlightened and steady moderator of its energies
and generous impulses, and a safeguard against
all premature, intemperate, or wickedly suggested
1 outbursts of disgust and impatience, however
strong be the motives and occasions for it. And
now, my lords and gentlemen, I beg of you to
grant me another instant of attention, and I beg at
the same time to threw myself upon your indul-
gence. I thanked you with all may heart as friends
of Poland; to you, as Britons, I confess, I cannot
refrain from expressing some anxiety. I am an
old admirer of your country, and one who might
perhaps deserve the name of a staunch and delibe-
rate friend of England. I may then be allowed to
express my profound regret at the present state of
politics between your powerful country and your
no less powerful neighbour, France. Concert be-
tween these two nations and Governments has been
for centuries, and more still in latter years, the
wish and aspiration of all good and truly wise
men, and on the other hand it was the best hope
and expectation of all those who suffered from in-
justice or oppression. England and France may
be said to be the heart of civilisation, and the seat
of that power which in the long run rules above all
powers, however mighty in appearance, I mean
public opinion. I emphatically beg to repeat it—
Great Britain and France, when acting in concert,
are all-powerful over the rest of the human race ;
and not so because of their armies, fleets, and trea-
sures, but because their civilisation, which is the
offspring of Christian revelation itself, actually
The Government will be called upon to-morrow
rules over the minds and convictions of the whole
of mankind. United they can do good without to state its determination on the vexed question
limit; indifferent to one another, or, worse still, of that portion of the coming Census relating to
estranged and distrustful of each other, they are a "religious profession," and we hope will be pre-
dead-weight upon the community of men and
pared to give a reply that will render further
nations; instead of leading all of them prudently agitation unnecessary. No valid reason has been
assigned for departing from the method adopted in
but surely into the path of justice and right, they 1851, and if the results had only been in favour of
sow among nations and governments the seeds of Episcopacy, we should not have heard of any pro-
future wars, and may, in the end, bring upon them- posal now to advert to a different method. It cer-
selves the most frightful retaliation of Providence, tainly took the country by surprise to learn that the
by a war—a truly fratricidal war—and a mutual majority of persons actually attending on public
destruction, such as history never recorded. When worship were Dissenters, and the Bishop of Oxford,
I express my regret and anxiety as to the idea of a well knowing that this fact would operate in a
possible war between Great Britain and France, manner unfavourable to his schemes, lost no time in
being as it were in both countries the topic of the denouncing these returns, and asserting that they
day, do not think, gentlemen, that I any way must be false. From the time when this unfavour-
advert to the great sacrifices which both at able feet was brought to light there has been a
this moment undertake for defence and arma- determination to prevent a recurrence to a method
ments. Nothing could be further from what I feel. which might confirm this unfavourable discovery,
When last week I witnessed that grand and never- and even show after ten years a still larger majo-
equalled spectacle of the volunteers of Great Bri- rity in support of Dissent.
tain reviewed by their gracious Queen, their per- The determination of the Bishop of Oxford and
fectly wonderful military bearing caused me no- the strong party of which he is the leader and the
thing but the heartiest pleasure. Andwhen I hear life, has placed Lord Palmerston and his Govern-
that the Queen's regular army is now double what ment in a position of very great difficulty. Those
it was before the late Russian war, and that the who are alarmed at the truth, and have reason to
British Parliament had at last determined to attend fear that the truth of 1861 will be even less favour-
to the warnings of its best captains and statesmen able than the truth of 1851, have been very active
by devoting large sums to army, navy, and defences, and persevering in their appeals to the Ministry,
I unhesitatingly conclude that the time is near ap- and whatever influence they could scrape together
proaching when England, safe at home and suffi- they have brought to bear with all its force. The
ciently armed, will repudiate that pretended wis- natural fear of the Government is, that it must give
dom and pretended charity which begins at home, dissatisfaction and make enemies whatever course
and will feel inclined to use her force for doing it may take, and in this position it will be the wis-
good to others, since that force will have become dom of Government to look at the question in its
effective and ever ready at hand. I know, though real merits, and to make no change merely for the
it may not be in this audience, that I may be ex- purpose of pleasing a party. Dissenters ask
posed to the reproach of wishing Great Britain to simply that no change may be made, and when
run into Quixotic adventures, and I will not deny political bishops and their supporters call for one
that, to my feeling, had the celebrated Spanish they should remember that the onus probandi falls
Saladine not been mad, he would have left a good upon them, and the least they can do is to give a
deal that is worthy of imitation by many who think good reason, or, if they can, a number of reasons,
themselves wise. But while giving to wisdom and
prudence their due right, I trust I may be allowed
why the Government should' go out of its way, and
to say of great nations and Governments what depart from the course on which it has already
would be a truism when applied to great men alai entered.
families in their respective countries, viz., that if We confess we have not yet heard or read any-
favoured by birth or accident with greater means thing approaching to a good reason why the
than their fellow-men, they cannot, without incur-
method of 1851 should not now be repeated. It
has been urged that the plan formerly adopted
ring deserved reproach on the part of the latter,
encouraged false returns ; but it is impossible
withdraw from public burdens, and by shutting to substantiate such a charge. Certainly that
themselves up in the mere enjoyment of riches and method gave no advantage to the Dissenter which
talent, deprive their country of the benefit she had was not given also to the Episcopalian. If Dissen-
a right to expect at their hands. Aftei*using this ters could pack the chapel, churchman could as
word talent, I may perhaps be allowed to draw an easily pack the church. If the officers of a chapel
example from the highest source. Every one of could exaggerate their numbers, could not the
you, gentlemen, remembers the lot which was as- officers of a church do the same ? Something has
signed to the man in the Gospel who had buried his THE PATRIOT " CRIMINALS!" been said as to certain places, in which greater
talent. But again, lam told "France can never be • numbers are reported as being in chapels than
trusted. What is the object for which France goes We have recently seen an interesting list of the could be found in the communities in favour of
which they were reported, but the same was
on arming a formidable fleet ?" Without being several political and military leaders at present at
in the confidence of France and of her Emperor, the head of the Sicilian movement—a list which affirmed in reference to churches, It is difficult,
I think I may answer the question with some tells a wondrous tale of how the whirligig of time but not impossible, to adopt some effectual method
ehance of being right. Why, gentlemen, France brings abOut its revenge. It appears from that of checking all these returns; but we must not
wants to have a. fleet precisely for the same motive curious document that all the eminent men who
that you want to have a larger army than you re- now so distinguished a part in the emancipa- play suppose the false addition or multiplication of
numbers to be all on one side. We have been told
quired before so many and admirable inventions tion of Southern Italy, have, at one time or other, of one church into which 1,000 persons entered on
deprived you of the security your insular position been sentenced, for their political acts and ; op; -ons, the Census Sunday of 1851, and when a shrewd old
hitherto gave you. You must now have a strong to punishments which, in the parlance of the crimi-
defensive army, because France may some day use nal code of despots, are generally called infainant— Scotch wife heard the statement, she replied that
" That kirk must have been a very unlucky one if
come out."
hers for aggression. And France is determined to that is, suitable to common felons. What is still 1,000 persons entered it, as no one saw above 50
have a strong fleet because, however strong for a more striking in the catalogue we refer to, is the
continental war, she cannot bear the mere appear- fact that even the Government of Piedmont—not Then, again, it is urged that the actual attend-
ance of her policy even being
influenced by a vague only the despotic one which existed under Charles
feeling of your superiority at sea. I rejoice in see- Albert before 1848, but even that of the present
worthy members may be laid up on Census Sunday
ing France providing herself with a powerful fleet, King—has been found to prosecute, in former and unable to attend, and so not be duly reported
just as I rejoice to see Great Britain provided with years, patriots who they now requite the sufferings ante test may operate very unfairly, as many
in favour of the Church. This has been said by the
a powerful and ready army. I trust nothing is endured by working for the aggrandisement of the party who are working with the Bishop of Oxford ;
more calculated to put an end to a reciprocal petty very same Power. but need any one tell them that the cause to which
jealousy, and when that is realised, I trust, more- To begin with Garibaldi, whose name of course they refer must operate quite as much against the
over, that the two nations will find it far easier to stands first and foremost, we see that, in 1834, he Dissenters as against Episcopacy ? We suppose we
combine their forces for the improvement of the con- was condemned at Genoa to a " dishonourable shall not be told that, while many Church people
dition of men at large. Observe, gentlemen, that death" on account of conspiracy, and that he was will be laid aside and kept from church, all Dis-
all-powerful for doing good when united, these two declared an " outlaw," exposed to public vengeance seaters will be well enough to go to chapel. We
nations are powerless to combine for evil. Public as an " enemy of the country," and to be treated as have looked somewhat carefully into the statistics
opinion in each of them might be blinded as to what " a brigand of the first class," so that his life was of population for various purposes, but we have not
they do themselves • but each would blush, and ac- at the mercy of whosoever thought proper to take at any time discovered that the rate of sickness is
tually revolt at the sight of any evil task being it ! This much for his persecutions under the old less in the meeting than in the parish church. The
undertaken in concert and complicity with an asso- regime of absolutistic principles and priestly in- Bishop of Oxford is known to be a man of remark_
ciate. Unwilling to bear the self-reproach which fluence, which prevailed with the House of Savoy able ingenuity, and if any one could make such a
in their present state of Christian civilisation each before the popular movement of 1847 and '4B. discovery, we should certainly expect it from his
of them would feel when entering on an unjustifi- Again, under the present Government, Garibaldi lordship, and, in the absence of any such light from
able course, each would eagerly throw the blame was ones more arrested in 1849, thrown into prison him, and despairing therefore that it will be ob-
upon the other, and so the felonious association at Genoa, and subsequently transported to Tunis. tained elsewhere, we must consider that this objec-
would of itself cease, or they must return within the This is the man who, in 1860, offers Sicily, which. tion falls to the ground, not, however, without
pale of justice. But, again, on both sides of the he has won with his own right arm, to the House showing how bad is the case which it was intended
channel, I hear people repeat, "Trust them, we never of Savoy from which he has endured so much ! to support.
can." Now, to that I would venture to answer— Truly, an heroic requital for injuries received. The Government will, we hope, not lend itself to
Let England or France, whichever of the two, be A similar fate has been that of Crispi, who is at the party by which it is so earnestly besieged. It
well armed and provided, at land and at sea, let her present the Minister and Secretary-General of certainly cannot lend itself to this piece of jobbery
be strong in body and healthy in mind, and truly Garibaldi. He is a Sicilian by birth, was kept in without incurring the condemnation of numbers
anxious for the good of others, not for mean profit prison at Genoa on account of conspiracy, as far who are accustomed to rank among its warmest sup-
to herself, and give pledges of her honesty ; then down as March, 1853 ; and then, like the now Die- porters. It is an important fact that no less than
let her, though siuglehanded, not stop at neutrality, tater of Sicily, was transported across the sea. 169 members of the House of Commons, all belong-
but, with proper wisdom and discretion, step for- From Malta he went to Paris, whence again he ing to the Liberal party, have memorialised the Go-
ward and throw her power in the balance of civili- was driven away by the police of the French Go- vernment against the innovation that has been pro-
sation against barbarism, of justice and right vernment. At this moment he co-operates with posed. These hon, members say that " the provi-
against oppression, of the conquered against the gallant chieftain of the Free Corps in bringing sion of the English Census Bill which requires
the foreign conqueror. The very goodness about the junction of Southern Italy with the every householder to state his religious profession,
of her cause will, with as much certainty as Northern Kingdom, from which the Monarch is to and that of all his household, appears to us very
human affairs permit, ensure the willing concur- profit under whose reign Crispi was so long kept objectionable, and we believe it to be highly offer,-
renee and support of her powerful neighbour. in narrow confinement.
sive to many of our constituents." They state their
Should that occurrence fail the disappointment The Minister of
will find its reward for the risks and sacrifices in- Orsini, a native of
Naples, is a further proof how sion will produce no information deserving of re-
curred, not only in the glory, but also in the gratis patriots, whowhen,
tude of numberless races. The radiant prestige of criminals, suddenly advance again in the esteem of jure the Liberal party and Government, and they
the name of that country will be the greater for her their very enemies as soon as the acquisition of therefore heartily recommend that it may be with-
neighbour having deserted the good cause. But I power and position have rendered them once drawn from the bill.
repel this supposition. From the depth of my heart . more formidable. Orsini was arrested in Sicily We cannot but hope that the Government will
1847 under
I hope and trust Great Britain and France will at in the charge of conspiracy; in 1850 now perceive that its true policy is to cast off those
last perceive that there is no safety to themselves he was condemned to death in contumacion by the false friends and advisers who call for a course
from reciprocal destruction, but in combining for vile magistracy of the Bourbon Government. In which besides the other objections that lie against
the good of others. Thus, and thus only, will their October, 1859, when working for patriotic de- it, hasp this disadvantage—it must alienate a large
daily differences on minor points vanish_differences signs similar to those which have carried him at number of its supporters. The case is now remark-
which keep them in a state of unceasing watchful- last to the prominent place he now occupies, he ably clear and simple, and it presents a phase which
ness and distrust—just as they did vanish for a was threatened at Florence by Baron Ricasoli with renders it very easy to arrive at a wise decision,
short period when the two nations last fought expulsion from Tuscany. Baron Ricasoli it must Here are two opposite parties very importunate in
together in the Crimea. That period was short, be remembered, is not the servant of a 'despotic their appeals for the concession which each is anti_
indeed, but why ? Simply and most undoubtedly Monarch, but was then the head of a sox-disunt ous to
obtain. One of these parties, and that which
because by that ill-advised expedition to the Crimea constitutional Administration which had issued calls for a change of method, is composed of the Op-
the two powers carefully abstained from doing good from a popular movement. Yet he did not scruple position, and the other of the friends of Government .
to any one, aiming only at doing harm to Russia. to menace Orsini with banishment from a territor one asks for a Church and Tory measure, the other'
I have no doubt the scheme, so far, was called prac- which had but just been freed from the footprints• ply begs that no measure may be conceded.
sun
tical by many. In my opinion it was the very cause of the stranger. Orsini's revenge has been that he Will Lord Palmerston disappoint his friends and
of that great failure which, after an immense sacri- is now working for the junction of Sicily with the supporters in and out of Parliament, or will he
five of men and money, left Russia with a far realm of the King whom Ricasoli serves. adopt a straightforward course, such as they re-
greater name in the whole East than she has ever So, again, is it with the Chief of Garibaldi's quire, and have their confidence and approval s ef
attained before. A wonderful opportunity presents Staff, the Hungarian Stephen 'rum He, too, was his lordship now steps out of his Way to gratify

THE COMING CENSUS.