The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-28 00:00:00

August.

The India and China mails were to leave
Alexandria on the 21st of August, with intelli-
gence from Calcutta to the 17th of July, Bombay
to the 20th of July, Hong Kong to the 10th of
July, and Shanghai to the 28th of June.
Fifty inches of rain had fallen at Bombay.
At Darjeeling 36 inches of rain fell in 96 hours.
Mr. Horsley, assistant-collector in the Madras
Presidency, has been murdered.
The heir to the throne of Burmah has been
assassinated.

Lord Canning has been indisposed.
Exchange at Bombay, 2s. lid. The money

market is quiet.

The export trade brisk.
Freights, 2/. to London or Liverpool.
The exchange at Calcutta was 2s. lid.
The money market had improved. The import

,rade was very inactive.
Freights, Si. 10s. for sugar to London.
The indigo crops throughout Bengal have suf•

fered injury.
Anarchy reigns throughout China.
The Ben Avon, with a valuable cargo, from
London for Shanghai, has been totally wrecked
near Amoy.

Exchange at Canton, 4s. 10id. ; Hong Kong,
4s. 10id. ; Shanghai, /s. 3d.
The exports of tea for the year ending the
19th of June were 6,000,0001 b. in excess of the

previous year.
The first of the new season's teas have been
shipped.

MADRID, AVG. 26.

The Spanish Minister at Mexico has been re•
moved from his post. General Bassolo has been
named Grand Cross of the Order of Charles 111.

The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation
Company's steam-ship Valetta, with the India
and China mails from Malta, arrived at Marseilles
this day, at 5 a.m.
The mails were to leave Marseilles at 9 a.m.

FRANCE.

PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENTING*

The Emperor and Empress attended mass on
Sunday at the church at Biarritz ; their Majesties
went in a small open carriage and pair, which was
driven by the Emperor. In the evening a grand
dinner took place at the Villa Eugenie.
Galignani's Messenger says :—The London jour-
nals have published a correspondence from Gari-
baldi, in which the late Roman general relates that
Ciceruacchio, the tribune, had been taken by the
Austrians, and, in company with his two sons, shot
on the banks of the Po. A letter addressed to the
Milan Gazette denies -the truth of this assertion,
and affirms positively that Ciceruacchio was
drowned in endeavouring to cross the Po ; and it
defies Garibaldi to prove his assertions. -
The decree definitively dissolving and suppressing
the Spanish National Guard has reached us yester-
day, accompanied by a long preamble, signed by
all the Ministers, in which that popular institution
is crushed under an accumulation of accusations
and imputations composing no very flattering epi-
taph for its tomb. It is declared to have been a
constant cause of perturbation, an occasion of dis-
gust and uneasiness to the commercial classes, a
corrupting venom for the needy and working
classes, obnoxious to all power, and all government,
and prejudicial to production. It is said to intimi-
date and paralyse trade, to check or annul peace-
able reforms, to impede the free development of re-
presentative institutions, to mislead public opinion,
and to resist a reasonable organisation. These are
but a small part of the charges brought against it
in the rather violent and verbose expo-ition to the
Queen intended to justify a decree upon which she
is said to have insisted, and which we may be suite
sure she signed with the greatest pleasure.
BOURSE, Aug. 27.—The following were the last
quotations :

Cash. ft.. s. End of Month.
4i per Cents 94 25 —f. —e.
3 per Cents 7O 40 70 65
New Loan 7O 50
Bank Shares 4,100 Roman
Credit Mobilier 1,617 50 Austrian

Belgian Fives — Spanish Threes
Piedmontese(s) 9l 50 Some Debt 40

RAILWAYS-108 CASH.

fr. c. _.
fr. e
Orleans ......... 1,385 Western 957 50
Northern 1,C12 50 Strasburg
Lyons. -..... 1,39 L 25 New Ditto ......
Aediterranean 1,785 Grand Central
Lyons Geneva 795 Tests ... 7OO
Cette

ITAL y.
(From Special Correspondent of the Daily News.)
TURIN, AUG. 24.
The reference which you make in a leading
article in your paper of the 18th, to Austria's
strengthening her armaments and extending her
forces upon the Italian soil, ie a question which
not only concerns Piedmont and the other States of
the Italian Peninsular, but one which should in-
terest all Europe. Let us not forget that the
allies landed in the Crimea totally ignorant of the
formidable fortresses in Sebastopol, and, if possible,
more ignorant of its almost inexhaustible naval and
military stores. But while England, France, Sar-
dinia, and Turkey were doing their utmost for the
destruction of the Sebastopol of the Crimea, which
commanded the Black Sea, Austria, with a cunning
and deceit peculiarly her own, while amusing the
belligerent powers with her eternal protocols and
sham proposals for peace, was secretly and zea-
lously erecting nearer our homes a still more for-
midable fortress and immense naval and military
' arsenal to command the Adriatic sea. With the
exception of Gibraltar there is not a more im-
pregnable fortress in Europe than Pola, not only
from its commanding position, but from the art and
science with which it has been constructed. Austria
during the last three years has spent more than 18
million of francs, and besides the impregnable for-
tresses at Pole, has constructed-three docks, where
she is now building and equipping men of war. She
has enlisted into her naval service officers of every,
nation, but principally Prussians, Swedes, and Nor-
wegians. All along her side of the Adriatic are
fishermen engaged in the Tun fish fishery, and as
soon as the sons of these fishermen attain the age
of 15 they are drafted into the Austrian marine,
and in a few years will become first-rate seamen. I
have tried in every direction to get a detailed plan
of the fortifications and docks of Pola, but the
Austrians have been so wary that as yet I have
been unsuccessful, but before long I hope to make
such information public, so that our British mer-
chants may see that their commerce with the Gulf
of Venice, at the bottom of which is Trieste, and
also that bay in which is situated the thriving and
commercial town of Fiume, are entirely at the
mercy of the Austrians.
I refer your readers to the last published map of
the Adriatic Sea or to " Bradshaw's Continental
Railway Guide," in which are the electric tele-
graph etations, where they will see that the for-
tress of Pula is not only in communication with
Vienna, but with all the other fortresses which
Austria has constructed for the subjugation of
Italy. Pola is situated upon the point o land or
promontory which stretches along the coast, and is
22 leagues S.S.E. of Trieste, and is nearly opposite
that part of the Roman States in which is the town
of Bologna. Pola formerly possessed about 2,0(V
inhabitants, and from its present position com-
mands not only the entrance into the Gulf of Ve-
nice, but also that large bay in which Venice is
placed. The water to the very shores is so deep
that vessels of large burden can approach in safety,
and the bay is sheltered from every wind that
blows, and so extensive as to harbour an immense
fleet. All the neighbouring hills are crowned
with immense batteries, having guns of the
heaviest calibre ; and the numerous islets are
turned into forts—so that there is not perhaps in
all Europe a more formidable fortress and arsenal
than Pola. To do the Austrians justice, they have
' carried on the construction of Pole, with as much

energy 6,s the allies flowed In attempting the de=
struction of Sebastopol. They have transferred all
the military and naval stores of the arsenal at
Venice to their new fortress. I mentioned that

they hate already expended 18 millions here, and
still we daily hear of the disastrous state of the

Austrian finances.

I showed in my letter of the 16th how uselessly
they had expended a large sum in equipping a war
fleet and fortresses on Ligo Maggiore, but the lat-
ter was against Piedmont in particular, while Pola
is against all Europe. The subjects of Austria
Propel do not suffer from this extravagance of
their government ; but it is hard indeed that the
Italians should be obliged to give their own money
to be used in forging the chains for their own
slavery. In my letter of the 22d of July I in-
formed you that the Austrians had doubled the
house tax in Lombardy, and the only answer given
by the Austrian officials to those who complained
that they had been too highly taxed was to order
them to point out some of their neighbours who
were not so highly taxed as themselves, and,
then they would see that the Austr;an govern-
ment was impartial. But these numerous for-
tresses have cost so much money that even
with this double taxing there is not enough.
Baron de Bach is at present in Milan, but it is
doubtful if he be the adviser of the most atrocious
deed which is about.to be committed by Austria—
a deed not only contrary to justice, but contrary
even to Austrian law, and to all international
law; but this act of barefaced robbery the Aus-
trians have delayed till Pola was in a state of de-
fence, till Piacenza was completely fortified, and
every fortress along the Piedmontese frontier filled
with troops and stores.
After the unfortunate occurrence of 1848-49
Austria allowed many rich inhabitants of Lombardy
to take advantage of her own emigration laws,
and these proprietors emigrated to Piedmont, still
remaining proprietors- in Lombardy, while they
became naturalised Sardinian subjects, many of
them becoming members of the House of Parlia•
ment. This continued till the 6th of February,
1853, when the Mazzinian outbreak occurred at
Milan. Might had now become right, and the
Austrians being in want of money, or eager. for
revenge; issued an order that all those Sardinian
subjects who bad property in Lombardy, if they
did not return to Lombardy and throw them-
selves upon the mercy of Austria(i.e., imprisonment
in Mantua dungeons) at the end of 1856, their pro-
perties would be sold for the benefit of the Govern-
ment. This the Austrians did under the pretext
that the outbreak at Milan was organised by the
proprietors of Lombardy who had become natu-
ralised Sardinian subjects. But the Austrians knew
as well as all the world that no men are so decided
against the Mazzinian insurrections as those neu-
tralised Sardinian subjects • but Austria required
money, if not to be got by 16. means by foul. In
plain COLI3MOII language, the Austrian Government
broke the laws made and acted upon by themselves;
they have taken possession of property not their
own, and they are about to sell that stolen pro-
perty for the purpose of putting the proceeds of
sach robberies into their own pockets. lam quite
aware that such conduct may appear incredible to
men of common honour and honesty, unluckily
qualities not known by Austria when she has any
particular point to gain. What I have here
stated is, however, a fact, and the Austrian Go-
vernment, within these few days, have given orders
to the Sequestration Commission at Milan to com-
plete the inventories and valuations of the proper-
ties of the emigres fron Lombardy, which, when
completed, are to be sold by public auction. It is
only to be hoped that purchasers may see the
danger and iniquity of such sales, and that none
may come forward. If these decrees of the Aus-
trians at Milan are doubted, the fact can be corro-
borated, by letters now in Turin in the possession
of certain emigres (I do not name them), who have
received intimations from their agents in Lombardy
that they have been ordered to make out bills of
sale of their properties : so there is no doubt that
in this the Austrian Government is about to act as
swindlers and robbers, though, if the statements
contained in the letter of General Garibaldi, dated
Genoa, August 6,185 G, be correct, they have been
guilty of worse crimes. Can it be expected that
these naturalised subjects of Sardinia will remain
quiet to be so robbed or plundered, and contrary
to every law supposed valid by civilised na-
tions ? If Sardinia remains quiet under such in-
justice and insult, she deserves to lose the support
and respect not only of her own subjects, but in-
deed of all Europe ; but she ought rather, in the
words of Prince Metternich, "It is better to die
with arms in our hand than of slow poison."
Piedmont, however, has the power to make re-
prisals, 'and assuredly she is in all justice bound and
entitled to sell Austrian property in her dominions
to repay her swindled and robbed subjects. Lord
Palmerston, to be consistent, and in spite of him-
self, must, under such circumstances, support
Piedmont, for no one can ever forget what a row
he made, and the great force he sent to Greece, to
make that country repay what Don Pacifico had
never lost. Here the complications of the seques-
trations of the naturalised Sardinian subjects be-
comes an European question. If Austria recoils
from the sale of these properties, no one will give
her credit for justice, and all will be attributed to
fear ; her prestige is gone, and Italy and Hungary
will rise. If she goes on with her robbery, Pied-
mont will not only resist, but resent.
Austria has gone to work prudently and cun-
ningly. The day of sale of the sequestered property
has been postponed till such a time that she might
have Pola, Piacenza, and all her forts in good
order, and the Piedmontese frontier covered with
her troops. Along with the bills of sale of the pro-
perties she is said to have within these few days
ordered her army on the war establishment.
The subscription for the guns of Alexandria goes
on merrily in Piedmont. The merchants and those
engag :I in commerce look forward with sorrow, but
determined resolution, to what is about to occur,
and we may therefore witness the beginning of a
bloody and long war before the Ist of January,
1857. Surely there must be some method of pre-
venting this sad war, of which no one alive can
calculate the end. Some attempts ought to b 3
made. Parliament is not sitting, so no questions
can be asked, but still public opinion can do
much. Let Lord Normandy be recalled, and thus
the Austrians will have positive proof that his lord-
ship does not speak the opinion of Britain, and if
general subseriptions of a few shillings and pence
for the defence of Piedmont were set a-going all
over England, Austria would not dare to move.
We see the youth of France is now stirring in
favour of Italy. W hile speaking of this common
subscription, I must warn the public of an Austrian
awl Mazzinian subscription which has been or-
ganised to interfere with the patriotic subscription.
They are trying to raise cash to buy 10,000 fire-
locks, to be given to that part of Italy which first
breaks out into insurrection, and thus prevent
Italian independence, as the only hope for all Italy
is that Piedmont will remain quiet until obliged
to fight in defence of that constitution which has
made Britain comparatively one of the most happy
nations of Europe.