The Sun.
London, England, 1869-11-03 00:00:00

in an increasing magnitude ; of the handle unscrupu-
lous, dishonest and unpatriotic politicians make of
them to attain to power and secure plunder ; and,
more dangerous still, the strife between contending
interests most marked in the case of manufactures
and agriculture, which is broadly said to give one inte-
rest to the grain, cotton, and sugar-growing States,
and another to the smaller, but wealthier communi-
ties of New England, New York, and Pennsylvania.
Recognizing all these, we can see no question which
has the remotest chance of growing into such vital
importance. But one, in any degree, raises the
interests of a section against those of another sec-
tion, and in each but a narrow majority favours the
interest it considers its own, in opposition to that
of its neighbour. This question of Free Trade versus
Protection, growing out of what most political eco-
nomists pronounce to be bad fiscal laws, is the real
true ground-work for the prediction, and our readers
can take it for what it is worth. The others are
absolutely out of the pale of discussion in connec-
tion with such an important issue, though we enu-
merate them to show that they have not been over-
looked. We hold au opinion the exact reverse of
that generally entertained on this 6d,., on another
point of this subject. The popular belief is that
the United States will break when its weight is in-
creased beyond the snapping point. Our impression
is that every expiring year since the declaration of
Independence lessens the risks of the rupture. First,
because the facilities of transport, both for person
and thought, have almost swept away the local pre-
judices generated by distance and difficulty of com-
munication ; and changed the former weakness of
the central and the power through isolation of the
sectional governments; next the poverty which in-
duced citizens to resist any burden imposed by the
Federal Government, which they could neither see
nor feel ; and then the want of hardening into a nation
nothing but age will give, which makes widespread
communities know that they are but limbs, branches,
or leaves of a great tree, and to regard with pride
and satisfaction the noble and growing trunk. In
former days they had but the symbol of unity in
the Flag ; the bond of connection in the War of
Independence, and the history it furnished. Now
American nationality is the great fact and experi-
ment of the world ; its wealth is immense, its com-
munication comparatively perfect, and its system
of intelligence, supplying thought and subjects which
all the inhabitants discuss simultaneously over the
whole continent, unequalled. Instead of the danger
being in the future, is was in the past ; and we feel
assured that those who make a study of America,
and accurately estimate the circumstances, will
come to the same conclusion. This article has ex-
ceeded our limits, or we would endeavour to sum-
marise so as to condense within one or two sen-
tences, our reasons for concluding that from what-
ever aspect it is regarded, in our own words of last
week, there is nothing in the future more impro-
bable than a split in the United States.

AJIERICAN PRESS.

The New York Times thus writes of New York :

" We are getting used to so many strange developments
in the art of trickery and imposture that nothing ought to
surprise us. We see men who in most other States of
this Union would undoubtedly have been driven from con-
tact with decent society, even if they had not long ago
been invited to take their place in a felon's dock, here
taking up prominent positions as ' colossal speculators.'
It is held as nothing against them that they have brought
ruin to hundreds of homes. People a-Imire their smart-
ness' and enterprise just tho same. If we want to study
another .phase of life, which we may fairly call a revival
of our own invention, we have only to watch the manner
in which Judges are bought and sold, like sheep at a fair,
or brass chains on a huckster's tray. A man who has large
dealings in stocks thinks his establishment incomplete
until ho owns a Judge or two. For practical purposes a
sign might as well be stuck up outside some of the Courts,
setting forth plainly that justice is to be sold at an alarm-
ing sacrifice, and that no ready money will bo refused.
The scales of the goddess are only used to weigh the gold
which both parties bring to bribe her with. 'We are get-
ting used to all this, and to a reign of shams and imposition
generally. A railroad, especially if it happens to be called
the Erie Railway, is made a means of plundering the un-
wary passengers and everybody who goes near it. The
shareholders are not entitled to much sympathy. People
who play with sharp instruments must expect to be cut."

The New York Tribune is not slow to recognise
the enterprise of a Metropolitan brother, as the fol-
lowing remark shows :

"The Star beat all the other papers yesterday in its elec-
tion returns from Nebraska. It gave the result (by tele-
graph) of the vote for Members of the Legislature one year
in advance of the election, which is not to take place until
October, 1870. It is gratifying to be assured by the Star
that the Radicals have achieved a substantial success,'
and secured a majority of 34 on joint ballot. The Star is
the same enterprising journal which received (by Atlantic
cable) a summary of the remarks of the London Athentewn
on the Byron scandal two weeks before tbo Athenteum made
any remarks. Such gratifying evidences of energy and
watchfulness on the part of the smaller journals deserve
the highest commendation, especially when wo reflect what
a serious tax the cost of these special telegrams must be
upon their necessarily limited resources."

Commissioner Delano's speech at Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, on the 25th Sept., is thus summa-
rised by the Springfield Republican :
" Taking the article of whisky, which paid taxes on
only 6,709,546 gallons for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1868, ho declared that for the year ending Juno 30, 1869,
with Grant's Administration in office but four months of
it, taxes were paid on 62,009,331 gallons. The revenue
receipts of the first six months of 1869, January to June
inclusive, exceeded those of the similar period of 1868
by more than $21,000,000, reckoning the taxes on spi-
rits, tobacco, fermented liquors, gross receipts, sales,
incomes, and banks alone. The gain from the tax
on spirits was $15,286,000, and this though the tax
was only 50 cents a gallon, against $2 the year be-
fore. There were also a gain of nearly a million
dollars on the single article of stamps on legal instruments.
There was a small loss on special taxes, on legacies and suc-
cessions, also a " loss" of $242,000 on the salaries of officers,
which Mr. Delano explains by saying, "We don't have as
many officers now drawing salaries, and that is one of the
things General Grant intends to do—while he collects the
tax he also intends to reduce the expenses of the Govern-
ment." If the two dollar tax had been collected in 1868, as
Mr. Delano says it should have been, upon seventy-five
million gallons of whisky, that revenue alonesavould have
yielded $150,000,000, whereas it did in reality yield only
$14,000,000. But the showing for the three months ending
with October lis better yet. Last year, under Johnson,
the receipts from internal revenue, for July, August, and
September, were, in round numbers, less than $39,000,000.
This year for the same quarter, including only half of Sep-
tember, the receipts have been $43,800,000, and for the
whole quarter the commissioner says they will bo
$49,000,000, or ten millions in excess of the same quarter
last year. Such a gain is not to be expected every quarter,
but Mr. Delano asserts that the revenue of the Govern-
ment may easily be increased over past receipts $25,000,000
per annum, and also declares his belief that the expenses
of the Government can easily be decreased that amount,
thus gaining $50,000,000 a year for the reduction of the
debt, with the revenue laws unchanged. These laws, un-
changed, but executed, Mr. Delano thinks, will produce a
revenue of $175,000,000 this fiscal year, and $180,000,000
thereafter. Truly, as the New York Times observes, these
figures of arithmetic will outweigh with sensible people
all the figures of rhetoric with which General Grant's de-
tractors are expert."

Under the head of " Funny Fellows," the New
York Citizen and Round 7 able thus describes a
judge :-•••••
" Judge Barnard is about as droll a scallawag as can be
found on the bench or off. He does not care, and never
did care, what he does, or what the public thinks of him.
He is governed by an original, peculiar, and measurably
correct rule, to the effect that the people cannot remember
anything for more than a year. He feels entirely free to
help his friends and punish his enemies' according to his
peculiar notion of a judge's duty, and in spite of the opinion
of his intimate associate, John B. Haskins, 'that there are
sonic eases in which this will not answer,' until the last
year of his term ; then he has to be careful, for fear of not
being re-elected. The shortness of the people's memory
is his reliance for total impunity in relation to any of his
irregularities, and to this he trusts implicitly, and has here-
tofore trusted correctly. He is not celebrated as a lawyer,
but stands by his friends, and ho carries ingeniousness to
a pitch wihich is as amusing as it is creditable. He never
denies the schemes that he is helping along in a judicial
capacity, and which his friends have arranged for him. Ile
will tell about them to any one who cares to listen, and
considers them capital jokes. They are often exceedingly
amusing, in spite of their want of certain other qualities.
One of his last stories related to the Fisk suit against the
Pacific Railroad. He stated how Fisk, when asked whether
pal itehde
his legal proceedings were not very expensive,
allensi ayvde,rei
Not at all. Judge Barnard fights for me
State courts, and I have only to hire a lawyer or two for
the United States courts during the evening.' I'his joke
seemed to afford him infinite amusement, which he desired
to share with all hisacquoafinitiaisnfcreise.ndAs,letongteerthtaeirn,inhge
cha-
racter. droll and, if you are ono
He has certainly the two high qualities of frank-
ness and fidelity largely developed, if ho is somewhat re-
gardless of judicial prop ieties."

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