The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-29 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBF,R, 1860.

KING must have been frightened out of the'
fortress ; but the protector of the Pope, and of
the Sovereign of the Sandwich Islands, aspires
to the honour of protecting also the dying struggles
of Neapolitan Royalty—perhaps we ought rather to
say of prolonging them, for that is the meaning of
protection in this case. And, so determined is he,
that he actually moves his soldiers in the Roman
territories to just that part where they can best
hinder the Sardinian movements, and aid the gar-
rison of Gaeta. This is the real meaning of the
occupation of Terracina. The French did not care
to go there till they saw that the position was used
by the besiegers ; but as soon as they saw that, it was
proclaimed part of the province of Velletri, which
they had occupied, and forthwith the Piedmontese
had to accept a convention to evacuate Terracina,
and allow the French to hinder their operations !
Thus this unaccountable man at Paris sees fit to
delay as long as he can the last act. The Piedmon-
tese, not unwisely, refrain from bloodshed as long
as they can, to attain an object in which they must
ere long succeed by more peaceful means. But, if
they be driven to bombardment and all the horrors
of war, France is alone to blame. Had she not
prevented the Piedmontese army from investing the
place on all sides, and the fleet from blockading
the port, the terrors of famine and the certainty
of speedy capture, would have settled the whole
affair long ago, and the rejected KING would
/ have sought in other lands the asylum to which
I he must soon resort.

The work, however, to which little attention,
comparatively, will be given abroad, is the difficult
one of organising satisfactorily the Government
of the annexed provinces. We ought to consider,
and fairly to allow for the real difficulties of the
civil servants of the King of SARDINIA. They
undertake the charge of a Kingdom in which they
have but one class who were enthusiastically in
favour of the expulsion of the Bourbons and political
emancipation—the educated portion of the middle
class,and a large part of the burgher class as connected
with them. The military class lived at the expense
of all others, and were, doubtless, not unwilling to
continue to do so. The lazzaroni were notoriously
perfectly indifferent to political slavery or libeity
—and would as soon shout for FRANCIS 11. as for
VICTOII EMMANUEL. The old police, an immense
body, are naturally Royalists. The most super-
stitious of the peasantry and the priests are the
same. The, class which could read, could think,
could understand, from the humble tradesman and
small estate-holder upwards, were the natural
objects of hatred to a King whose throne was based
on the suppression of knowledge and thought. This
is the class which will steadily support the Sicilian
revolution of 1860. But, then, this class itself will
be most difficult to satisfy. It contains large num-
bers who must find employ under the Government
or starve. It has many, again, who estimate their
own administrative capacities much more highly
than the heads of the different services can do. It will
be more easy to dissatisfy, we fear, hundreds, if not
thousands, who, though sincere patriots, and able to
allege some service in promoting the revolution, are
nevertheless not the men to organise its results. The
Garibaldians are, of course, not easy to please, and
with them there is general and reasonable sympathy,
yet so many of them must be young men of such
unsettled habits,'so little disposed to labour without
excitement, that it has been found not easy to
employ them in the regular army even by those
who wished to do so. For the civil service they
must be altogether unfit. Yet their dispersion
among their friends with the story of their
unheeded merits, will be an inconvenient element
of discontent. We need say nothing of the out-and-
out Republicans. Considering the zeal of such
men for their theory, and the that Great General is
well-known to prefer a Republic, while honestly
accepting Constitutionalism, we cannot wonder if
they be disposed to criticise sharply enough the
administration of the Constitutionalists.

Count CAYOUR has before him now the impending
elections to the Italian Parliament, the reorganisa-
tion of the ,✓hole administration for the Two
Sicilies, and—the Roman and Venetian questions;
the latter threatening to become one of bloodshed
in the spring. A fair measure of Republican oppo-
sition. in the Chambers will do him and Italy no
harm. The best thing of all is for the Republicans
to have a platform on which they can, at least,
utter their practical demands. They must have no
pretence for secret work. Then, for the Two
Sicilies, a vigorous administration will soon become
popular, by the securities it will furnish for life and
property, and the stimulus security will give to
industry ; while the educational efforts, on which
both GARIBALDI and the KING insist, will consoli-
date in due time the power of the Government by
the redemption of a whole nation from the ignorance
which FERDINAND avowed to be so needful for his

purposes.
Probably, the military exertions necessary to
provide against the eventualities of the position of
Venetia, will not be altogether a disadvantage.
They will demand pecuniary sacrifices, but if the
Government be settled, and Free Trade begun,
there will be confidence enough in Europe to make
an Italian loan not difficult ; and there cannot be a
moment's doubt that Italy, comnzercially as well as
politically free, will soon be in a position to,meet
the interest of any loan, perhaps to repay the prin-
cipal. The commercial wealth and enterprise of
the country has been undeveloped for centuries; give
it scope, and its position alone will make it worthy
of the ancient fame of Genoa and Venice. The men
can hardly be wanting ; and the result of making
the requisite sacrifices to raise and equip an invin-
cible army of liberation will be, to keep alive the
public interest in the common object, to repress
selfish and sordid counsels, and to make the task of
Government easier.
Looking at the whole case—the varied elements
to be fused into harmonious action, the sectional
and municipal tendencies which have to be respected
and yet discouraged, the absolute inexperience of
liberty by the present generation of Southernltalians,
the unreasonable expectations of so many who will
yet be able to cause tremble, the perversity of France
at Rome, the haughty obstinacy of Austria in
Venetia, and :the varied elements which will com-
pose the first Italian Chamber of Representatives,
we ought to be prepared to make every allowance
for Count CAVOUR. We have every reason to
hope he will be equal to the emergency, but it
cannot be denied that the civil organisation of a
military revolution has been found enough to
task the energies of a CROMWELL, a WILLIAM 111.,
and a WASHINGTON; and Count CAVOUR will
earn no humble title to the gratitude of Italy if he
can but reduce to order the noble yet somewhat
conflicting elements placed in his hands by
GARIBALDI.

Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury is expected to
arrive in town this evening from Hamilton Palace, N. 8.,
the seat of the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton.

The Earl and Countess Cathcart have arrived at
Maurigy's Hotel, from Woodend, near Thirsk.

The Lord Chancellor gave a dinner to the Cabi-
net Ministers last evening, at his residence, Knights-
bridge.

Lord De Lisle and Dudley has arrived at the
St. George's Hotel.

The Hon. Spencer and Lady Harriet Cowper
arrived at the Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone, on Tuesday last,
and left on the falowing clay for Part's,

LATEST NEWS

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

PARIS, Nov. 29.

The lloniteur publishes General Montauban's
reports from the French headquarters in China.
The General states that the prisoners of the Allied
army who were carried to Pekin were well treated.
On the side of the French, besides some soldiers of
the escort, Colonel Grandchamps, the Abbe Dulue,
and M. Delature, were made prisoners by the
Chinese.

TURIN, Nov. 29.

The Monitore Toscano publishes a despatch
announcing that about 40 volunteers from the
Duchy of Castro had invaded the town of Aqua-
pendsnte. They disarmed the Pontifical gendarmes,
and hoisted the arms of Savoy. The Papal
Governor escaped, but 19 gendarmes were made
prisoners.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 21.

The documents connected with the French Loan
have been signed by the Porte. They go to Paris
today, General doubt is still prevalent here as to
the conclusion of the affair. The rate of exchange
is still rising. Money, first class paper, is very
scarce. The Bulgarian community propose to
secede to Roman Catholicism, because the Porte
has refused them a separate patriarchate. A heavy
storm passed over the Black Sea last week. Many
wrecks are reported.
There is no news from the provinces.

VIENNA, Nov. 29.
The official Wiener Zictung contains the follow-

ing appointments :

6 Count Apponyi, Austrian envoy .extraordinary
at London, to be ambassador at the same court.
Count Leopold Wolkenstein, councillor of the
Empire, to be Landeshanptmann of the Tyrol.

MADRID, Nov. 28.

The question of the limits of the Ceuta territory
has been definitively arranged:in conformity with
the treaty of peace with Morocco.

The Cortes has voted a pension to the Infante
Don Sebastian.

PESTH, Nov. 28.

On the 26th instant, while Count Caroly, Ober-
gespan of Szathmar, was passing through Debreezin,
a torchlight procession, accompanied by bands of
music, was formed in his honour.

These demonstrations caused some disturbances,
which resulted in a military intervention and the
arrest of from 20 to 30 individuali.

NAPLES, Nov. 27.

Seventeen hundred Garibaldians, who have chosen
to return to their homes, have embarked for Genoa.
The embarkation of as many more will take place

to-morrow.

General Sirtori has issued an order of the day
inviting the officers and soldiers of the Southern
army to abstain from making any demonstration.

VIENNA, Nov. 28.

The official Wiener Zeitung contains an imperial
decree appointing 18 Obergespans. The same
journal publishes a Ministerial ordinance, dated the
26th instant, which orders the speedy commence-
ment of the elections to tho new municipalities in
the German Austrian provinces, on the basis of the
communal law of 1849.

PARIS, Nov. 28.

Several journals having represented the occupa-
tion of Terracina by the French troops as an act of
intervention by France in the affairs of Italy, it
may be as well to say that the entire province of
Velletri, of which Terracina is a part, has been
occupied by the French troops at the desire.of the
Roman Government, and by virtue of an agree-
ment between France and Sardinia.

Each of the four Estates has the same number of
representatives (14), and in order that the world may
be able to form a correct idea of the importance of
the Tyrolese nobles, the Government has decreed
that none of them shall be eligible unless they pay
a land tax of 25 florins a year. In Styria, on the
contrary, no peasant is eligible unless he pay a
land tax of 30 florins per annum. The 14 bishops,
abbots, and deans who are to sit in the Diet
will not fail to regard all questions of importance
from a religious point of view. These are evils
peculiar to the Tyrol; others—such as the special
committees of the Diet and of the municipalities,
the nomination of the captain of the province by the
Emperor, &c., it shares with Styria, Carinthia, and
Salzburg. The impression produced by the statute
is not only unfavourable, but even painful'
(peinlich.)."

The editer:of the Augsburg Gazette says he receives
similar complaints from all parts of the Tyrol, and
at the some time observes that ho was obliged to
" soften down" some of the expressions in the letters,
of which a summary has above been given. The
Tyrolese believe that Count Brandis, the author of
the draught of the statute, is to be Captain of the
province, and, as such, President of the Diet; but
the mountaineers are so much irritated that it
would be imprudent should he consent to take
office.

Long before the publication of the statutes for
Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, and the Tyrol you
were told by me that the inhabitants of the German
provinces would strongly object to the redinte-
gration of the Estates—which are a political ana-
chronism—and this is what M. Warrens, who is
one of the most renowned political writers in Ger-
many, thinks and says on the subject. The last
leader in the Ost-Deutsche Post is in substance as
follows :

" So little has been done by the Government
for the wealthy and influential nobles in the Tyrol
and Styria that the aristocracy in the other pro-
vinces are beginning to feel uneasy. The majority
in the Reichsrath informed the nation that when
the political bureaucracy had been done away with,
when a line of demarkation had been drawn between
the noble and plebeian landed proprietors,and when
the aristocracy had the management of the affairs
of the provinces, circles, and districts, its desires
would be satisfied. It would appear that the
majority in the Reischrath was considered too
modest, as more has been done for the nobles than
was demanded. The new statute for Styria makes
a distinction between a noble and a non-noble
hufe (hide of land), inasmuch as all the members
of the family of a noble landed proprietor, if he has
letters of naturalisation (das Incolat), have a sepa-
rate vote. should a plebeian come into possession
of the same property he would have one vote, and
no more than one. An aristocratic landed pro-
prietor has also a right to display the outward and
visible signs of his nobility (the right to wear a
richly embroidered scarlet coat.) Some noble
members in the Reichsrath complained of the con-
tinual and troublesome control of the Excise offi-
cers in their breweries, distilleries, and sugar
factories, and they wanted to pay a round sum
annually in order to get rid of the annoyance, but
not a word was said in favour of the non-noble
manufacturers who naturally are subjected to the
same treatment.

" The Austrian nobles wish to be all-powerful in
the State. If they are to govern, let them be
responsible for their acts. Should they attain their
object, what would be the result ? The political
employees would be dismissed, and the noble landed
proprietors would step into their shoes. The reins
of Government would be slackened, the authority
of the Crown would rapidly diminish, the confidence
of the rural part of the population in the impartial
administration of justice would be greatly shaken,*
and a hostile feeling would gradually spring up be-
tween the different classes. Should the nobles be
allowed to do as they please, the Galician Diet will
emulate that which formerly met in Poland, and
the Diet in Prague will as surely agitate in favour
of the Bohemian Crown as the Pesth Diet will do
for that worn by St. Stephen and his ancestors.
The nation wishes to have a real and unadultered
representation, and not one composed of noble
Chamberlains (all Imperial chamberlains must
have 16 quarterings in their arms) and Excel-
lencies."

As a corollary to the foregoing, it may be observed
that the ultra-reactionary party is so completely
master of the field, that even Count Rechberg and
Count Szechen, his new Adlatus, are too liberal
for it. The leaders of the party iu question are the
Austro-German prelates, the confessors of certain
influential persons, and some few fussy old gentle-
men and ladies who are hangers on at Court. In
foreign countries it is generally believed that the
Emperor is naturally averse from progress of any
and every kind; but a person who well knows what
passes behind the scenes has repeatedly assured me
that he would make concessions to his subjects
"were he not strongly advised not to do so by per-
sons in whom he places confidence." My conviction
that a powerful Austria is a European necessity is
as strong as ever, but my confidence in the stability
of the empire is greatly shaken. The views of the
men at the head of affairs are so exceedingly con-
fined that they do not see the danger of their posi-
tion, although it is very obvious to all non-official
observers.

The rate of exchange on London has risen to
138-50, which is 3 per cent. higher than it was on
Thursday last.

The noble landed proprietors wish to have the so.
called " patrimonial" or manorial courts re-established.

SPAIN.

The Madrid journals of the 23d have arrived.
The Senate on the previous day held a sitting, but
it was entirely devoted to the transaction of unim-
portant business. In the Congress, the discussion
on the estimates of 1861 was continued, the por-
tions under consideration being those relative to
the public debt; but the debate, in which nothing
of ir terest occurred, was adjourned. The Gazette
contains the royal decrees which accept M. Rios-
Rosas' resignation of the embassy at Rome, and
appoint the Marquis de Mire fibres to the post.
The latter had not set out for his destination. The
total allowances to the Royal family of Spain are
stated to exceed 51,000,000 reals (12,750,000 fr.)

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

PLYMOUTH, Nov. 29.

The Dane, Captain Hoffman, with the above
mail, arrived at midnight. Her dates arc—Table
Bay, Oct. 22; St. Helena, 30; and Ascension,
Nov. 3.

She brings 13 passengers, b 2,000 in specie, and
an average general cargo.

Sir George Grey would leave Cape Town shortly
for Kaffraria, whence he would proceed to Natal.
Admiral Koppel was still at the Mauritius.
H.M.S. Forte left the Cape on the 22d September,
with naval despatches for the Mauritius.
Debentures for .£150,000 to be tendered for in
London, are to be issued on the Ist January next.
Cape Colony and Natal were preparing for the
representation of the South African colonies in the
forthcoming International Exhibition in London,
in 1862.

The Bi-,'_op of Cape Town had convoked the
synod for January next.
The labour market at the Cape was much
depressed. Immigrants were in want of employ-
ment, and wages were low. Meat and bread were
dear. Trade was reviving.
The Dane brings a petition from the wine far-
mers to the Queen, complaining of the new com-
mercial tariff. The wine disease was making its
appearance, and fresh fears for the vintage were
excited.

Dutch weights and measures were to be illegal
after the Ist of January next.
The eastern province was loud in its demands for
separation. Demonstration meetings had been held
on the subject.
Paymaster Seveke, late of the Boscawen, was
drowned while crossing the bar of Zanibar with
despAtches for Dr. Livingstone.
The Wasp had gone to the Mauritius for repairs.
The Lyra was cruising along the coast. The Sidon
was in Simon's Bay. The Lord Clyde took fire,
and was abandoned 50 miles off Cape Recife.

'TIE EAIT'RESS AND THE WATERLOO VETERAN.—
The Empress of the French, while at the station on her way
to Perth, had her attention drawn to a soldier in extreme
ill-health, but bearing upon his person several decorations
for actual service. Prompted, doubtless, by sympathy for.
his infirmity, she gave him a small donation, when one of
the attendants with rr ore officiousness than good taste,
reminded her Majesty thot she had befriended a man who
had fought at Waterloo. "Then he is the more deserving, '
replied the Empress, " for ho contended with a brave
enemy,"