The Sun.
London, England, 1856-06-03 00:00:00

(N, . 19,957.)

PUBLICATIONS.

MISS JEWSIIURY'S NEW NOVEL,
THE SORROWS of GENTILITY,
Is now ready at all the libraries, in 2 vels. •
" A remarkably good novel, well written, amusing, and firm to its
purpose. The story is constructed with much care, and the charac-
ters developed in the course of it are various and natural. Miss
Jewsbury has written, in short, a simple and right-minded book, in
which the old power of her craft as a novellit, who can retain firmly
the interest of her readers, is amply shown.".--hxaminer.
Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn.

Now ready at all the libraries, in 3 vols.,
JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN.
Py the author of " The Head of the Family." &c.
"A very tool and a very interesting novel. It is conceived
throughout in a high spirit, and written with great ability—better
than any former work, we think, of its deservedly saccessful author."
—Examiner.
Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn.

Now ready, in 2 vols., 215., bound,
ASUMMER in NORTHERN EUROPE,
including Sketches in Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Aland
Isles, Gothland, &c.
By SELINA BUNBITRY, Author of " Life in Sweden," &c.
" All readers of the worka of lady travellers will be 4 lad to know
that they are favoured again by Miss liunhury with an account of
experience in Northern Europe, including mach of the se it of the
late war, Finland, for example, and the Aland Isles. The book is a
very welcome contribution to the rearing of the season."—Examiner.
Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

BOY'S OWN JOURNAL, id. weekly.—Boy's
Own Journal, price One Pemly, will commence on SATUR-
D. Y, June 14, and be co:attuned weekly.—S. 0. Beeton,yablisher,
Bbuverie-street, Loadon.

Bvo 14A-4106,ratfe:‘,?:,
OLj
1848.

EIIIII

'EAN' R:

By EDWARD CAYLEY.
" A graphic, compendious, and popular narrative of by fir the
most deeply interesting series of events that have occurred in our
time, of which no collective rename can anywhere else be found
Which is at once so condensed and so readable as that here suppliecl
by Mr. Car ley."— Daily News.
"-Two instructive volumes. The work deserves credit not less for
the labour and care bestowed upon its compilation than for the fair-
ness and impartiality with which the facts are stated."—Observer.
" Mr. Cayley has evidently- studied his subject thoroughly ; he has
consequently produced-an interesting and philosophic history of an
important epoch."—New Quarterly Review.
" Mr. Cayley's narrative is not only perspieums, but vivid : his
style is always vigorous and telling."—Literary Gazette.
" An honest contribution to history by a thoughtful observer."—

Sun.
" Two eloquent volu:rnes of rare value to the student of history ;
the moderation of tone and unobtrusiveness of opinion enhance their
won h."—Weekly Distatch.
" The best resume of the late revolutionary epoch to be found in
the language."—Sunday Times.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

• THE LATE SIR ROBERT PEEL.
Just published, in Two Volumes Svo,price 305., cloth,
THE POLITICAL LIFE of SIR R. PEEL.
By THOMAS DOUBLEDAY,
Author of " Thu Financial History of Englaud," " The Tree Law of
Population," Sre.
" Let all readers. before they take in hand the personal memoirs
of Sir Robert Peel, peruse these volumes of Mr. Doubleday. In
them the statesman's character and public acts are analysed in the
spirit neither of a"detractor nor of a panegyrist. This biography is
a work of great Merit, conscientiously prepared, plain, clear, and
practically interesting."-Leader.
"The merits of %fr. Doubleday's book are neither few nor incon-
siderable. In eresenting a candid and truthful picture of the poitical
career of the great conservative statesman. Mr. Doubleday has been
eminently successful. We can conscientiously commend the results
of his le)ours to the attentive study of all who feel an interest in
the subject."—Daily News.
"The work possesses a good deal of interest. The reader is
enabled to retrace the leading events of the best part of fifty years.
The author is plain, shrewd, horn - ly, and generally sound in his
opinions and judgments."—SPectator.
" This book is the work of an isma-tial writer. The politician
will make it a text book, the biographer his model."—Weekly Dis-
patch.
" This work is deservedly entitled. to be called a Key to the His-
tory of England from 1809."—Observer.
" A goad book of its kind, well worth reading, and very pleasantly
and sensibly written.'?—Saturday Review.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

The Third Edition. Just Published, price 35... by post, free, ss. 61
oti TRUE ct; VALSE SPERMATORRHCEA,
with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the
Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread
Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure.
Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD.
" Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi-
cal contributions to Gorman medical literature. This is the first
Mae. he hatbreas as, that he has addressed himself to the nou-modf-
sal reader. Wo trust this may not be the last, if he shall detect any
ether equally flagrant evil which it may be in his p )wer to eor-
rec t." —London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers,'
and 'Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and. if this book
xmld find its way into the hands of those who suffer from the coal-
plaint of which it treats, we aro satisfied that many hundreds valuld
be saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of
seas importance, though it is that which the quacks most pr.za--
2Weit money • • ....This volume is well qualified to put an end to the
empirical system of treating Spermatorriosa, and to place the treat-
ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore,
likely to do muelf good."—Medical Circular.
London: 11:41talliere. 219, Regent-street.

NEW WORK BY DR. WILSON, OF MA.LVETAiIf.
Second Edition.

THE WATER CURE, its PRINCIPLES and.
PaNCTICE : A Guide in the Treatment of Chronic Disease-
With authenticated Cases of Cure.
" We honestly recommend this book to any person who desires, bT
a trustworthy guide. to learn something of hyd rop t hy." —Exam'ner
London : John Churchill, 11, New Burlington.stteet. Malvern:
H. Lamb.

Dlt. WILSON'S WATER - CIJRE
ELISIIMENT, GREAT MALVERN, contains every regal.-
site for GO Invalids, and was built by him expressly for his pattentft.
It has now appended to it a GYMNASIUM for the Swedish system of
MEDICAL GYMNASTICS. un ler a Vrofessor from Berlin. It may be
used alone or in conjunction with the Water Cure. For a prospec-
tus apply to Dr. Wilson.

ROYAL BRITISH BANK.
Notice is Hereby Given, that the Chief Office of this Bank
h ts been removed from Tokenhouse-vard to the Bankeet.'s premises
(formerly the South Sea House) in Threadneedle-str
HUGH INNES CAMERON, General Manager.

June 2, 1856.

R. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet-
street, has introduced au entirely new description of ARTI-
FICIAL TEETH, fixed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so
perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distluguished from
the original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or
decay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used.
This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful
operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is
luaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth
rendered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At
home from ten till five.

11 AIR DESTROYER, 1, Little Queen-street,
High Holborn.—ALEX. BOSS'S DEPILATORY, for remov-
ing effectually Superfluous Hair from the Face, Neck, Arms, and
Hands, o
ir without the slighte4t injury to the skin. A. R. will warrant
Lnot tritate the flesh in thesmallest degree, and the hair to be
entirely destroyed.—Sold in bottles, at 3s. 6d., ss. Gd., and 10s. Gd. ;
or applied at the Hair-dyeing Establishment, as above. Forwarded
for stamps, tree by post, eight exta.

SCOTTISH WIDOWS' FUND
AND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
ESTABLISHED A.D. 1815.
The following examples of Bonus Additions made to the
Policies of Members of this Society, at and prior to the last
periodical Investigation and Division of Profits, may servo to
illustrate the advantages of a runny MUTUAL SYSTEM of Life
Assurance, where the Profits (being freed from the payment
of Dividends to the Shareholders) are allocated among the
Assured alone, and upon equitable principles.

Bon
Itluitials Year Age -----
‘i us added at Total sum. wi tll
of
at Assurance.
Members. Entry Entry. Original
13 Jan., 1853. Ist Jan., 1853.
and prior to, additions at
of
--- ------------
-- -----
£ L. s. d. £B. d.
W. C. 1818 29 1003 1031 1 8 2031 1 8
G. B. 1826 31 1000
590 110 1590 110
T. B. R 1834 39 1000 407 12 3 1407 12 3
S. T. 11. 1842 40 1000 212 6 0 1212 6 0
D. T. 1846 3±-1221TiT12 122 10 a

These examples show the respective amounts of the Bonus
ALREADY DECLARED and VESTED. Under the provision made at
the last investigation for the payment of an INTERMEDIATE
BONUS, in the case of Policies becoming Claims by death
during the current Septennial period, the whole amounts
respectively payable under the above Policies, in the event of
the risks now emerging, would bo considerably more than
those stated in the last column. Thus, supposing the life
assured by the first policy to drop during the present year,
the amount payable under the 1000/. Policy would be, not
In all cases where the member is not incapacitated in any
2031/. ls. Bd., but 21731. ss. 2d.
way from dealing with his Policy, he has the option of con-
verting the Reversionary Claim for whatever Bonus has been
added to it, into an equivalent present payment in cash, or
of applying, the same towards extinction or reduction of the
future Premiums. As showing the effect of such conversion
or application, the cases of the above Policies may be taken.
The amount of additions to the second Policy being
5901. ls. 10d., the member might at the present time
surrender the reversionary claim therefor, and receive in
cash a sum of 3301. 19s. 11d.
Or, ho might surrender the reversionary claim 'for bonus to
the extent of 4671 12s. 11,
further payment of the and be rclieved from any
premiums exigible in terms of the
policy, retaining a claim for the remainder of the add
tions already made,. namely, 1121. 9s. 9d., and for any
further bonus to be declared in future.
In the case of the third Policy, to which there are additions
of 4071. 12s. 3d., the member, on surrendering these
might either receive a sum of 2281.125. 9d. in cash, or lie
might have all future premiums exigible in terms of the
policy reduced from the original amount of 31/ •17s • 6d. to
91. 2s.
Or again, he might, by renouncing right to 2041. ss. 6d. of
the bonus, have the premiums exigible in terms of the
policy from this date to the close of the year 1859, four in
number, altogether extinguished,
reserving to himself a
claim for the balance of 2031. 6s. 9d., and for any further
addition by way of bonus to bo after wards declared.
prospectuses, containing full information in regard to theprospectuses,
above, and other points connected with the Society's history
and practice, may be obtained at the Head Office, or from any
of the various Agents.

JOHN MACKENZIE, Manager.
WM. LINDESAY, Secretary.
Edinburgh 5, St. Andrew-square, 10th May, 1856.
LONDON IIoNOUART BOARD.
GeOrge YOUllg, Esq., Mark-lane
Charles Edward Pollock, Esq., Barrister, Temple
John Murray. Esq., publisher, Albemarle-street
P
David Hill, Esq., East India House
Samuel Laing, Esq., —• •
Sir John Thomas Briggs. Admiralty
Leonard Horner, Esq., Home-office
John Taylor, jun., Esq., C .E., Queen-street-place
LONDON AND TEE SUBURBS.
alExchange-buildings, Cornhill.
CENTRAL AGENT.
Hugh M'Kean, 4, Roy
DISTRICT AGENTS,
Regent-street
Captain R. S. Ridge, 49, Pall-mall, Agent for the West End District
Benton Seeley, 2,
-squa
Hanover-street,
James Beryls, 38, St. George's Belgrave-road, Pimlico.
John A. Burdon, Amager, Royal Rrltlall Daulc,".6,, Stone's-end,
soutliwark. ltree,gent-

- CONTRACT FOR MUSTARD SEED.
Department of the Comptroller for Victualling,
Somerset-House, 31st M ay, 1856.
THE Commissioners for executing the Office of
Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, DO HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, that on TUESDAY, the
10th June next, at One o'clock, they will be ready to treat.vvith 4sch
°emus as may be willing to contract for supplying and delivering into
her Majesty's Victualling Stores at Deptford,
When to be delivered.
Quarters. Half in 3 weeks, and the remainder in
MUSTARD SEED, 3 weeks afterwards, or earlier if pre-
Brown ••..•• .. .. 10 ferred by the party tendering.
Their Lordships reserve to themselves the power, when the ten-
ders are opened, of contracting either for the whole, or for such part
thereof only as they may deem fit, or for a greater quantity, or of
nut contracting for any, and also an unlimited power of selection.
Tenders will be received for the whole or any portion of the seed.
Samples (not less than 2 quarts) must be produced by the parties
tendering.
The samples produced by persons whose tenders are not accepted
are requested to be taken away by them immediately after the con-
tract has been decided.
No tender will be received unless made on the printed form pro-
vi led for the purpose, and which may be obtained on application at
t o said Office, or to Commander Bevis, conducting the Packet Service
at Liverpool, or to the Collector of Customs at Bristol.
The conditions of the revised contract, to which particular atten-
tion is called, may be seen at the said office, and at Liverpool and
Bristol.
No tender will be received after One o'clock on, the day of treaty,
and it will not be required that the party tendering or an agent on
his behalf should attend at the office on the day of contract, a 4 the
result of the offer received from each person will be communicated
to him and his proposed sureties in writing.
Every tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty,
and bear in the left-hand corner the words, " Tender for Mustard
Seed," and must also be deLvered at Somerset-house.

TAI E WELLINGTON COLLEGE.

THE FOUNDATION
.STONE LAID BY THE QUEEN;
bie 4.LeTalllest, raw tojekeAd 'that as, the first shock
tlfisThltUti.ol kerWitePtlie' 'loss e I'reaclD
Weliiegton had settled down into a more solemn sorrow
inid grateful recollection of the services which the illus-
trious dead had rendered to his country, a general dispo-
sition was evinced to preserve his memory to future ages
by the erection of some grand national monument, worthy
at once of its object and of the rich and grateful realm
by which it was to be erected. Various suggestions were
made, and, in accordance with cur practical habits, a
large sum of money was subscribed on the first great
preliminary, and ultimately it was determined that the
most worthy memorial in honour of the first soldier in
the world would be the foundation of a college for the
rearing and education of the orphans of his brethren in
arms—as brace, but not so fortunate or famous, as him-
self. The sum collected was about 120,0007., and in the
first instance 80,0001: was set apart as an endowment
fund, while with the balance the future governors set
about the selection of a site, and the preparation of
plans for the intended building. After some time spent
in inquiry, a suitable piece of ground was obtained in
Berkshire, within easy distance of Sandhurst, and situ-
ated stout midway between 13!ackwater and Woking-
ham. The character of the soil in that neighbourhood
is, generally speaking, a rather bleak moorland, but in-
terspersed here and there with picturesque knells, many
of them thickly and beautifully wooded, and on one of
these the infant college beeies to rise considerably above
its foundations. The design is a handsome Palladian
elevation, having in fiend a stately facade in the later
Italian style, and the remainder of the building forms,
as is usual in buildings of this school, the sides of a
quadrangle. Rows of windows run along in the roof as
in the Invalides in Paris, and the whole will be sur-
rounded with a handsome iron railing with appropriate
entrance gates at regular intervals. It is expected that
the whole expense, including the purchase of ground,
will be about 55,0001., or about 15,0001. more than the
sum in hand, and it is hoped that the great coact given
to the undertaking by the interesting ceremony which
took place yesterday will have a salutary effect in sti-
mulating the liberality of those who—and who does
not ?—take an interest in the concerns of our brave sol-
diers, and the welfare of those children from whom they
are too often taken away when fighting the battles of
their country.
Nothing could have gone off better than tho whole of
the inaugural ceremony. After the dreadful weather we
have had for some weeks past, it would seem as if sum-
mer had set in all at once, in order that a prosperous be-
ginning might be made in so important an undertaking.
There was a cheerful open speckled sky, a fresh breeze,
and towards noon quite enough of sun to render the un-
furling of the ladies parasols an indispensable part of
the ceremonial. As the ground is approached by two
railways, the preparation for the day's travel were
divided between the South-Eastern and South-Western
Companies ; but the principal burden of the arrange-
ments devolved upon the latter, including the highly
important duty of conveying her Majesty and
the royal family to and from Sandhurst. Four of
the directors, Col. ',nerd, C.ipt. Johnston, Sergeant Gase-
lee, and the Hon. R. Dutton, had the honour of attend-
ing on the royal party, and the travelling was ably super-
.balarletL.hy _i\Essra.. ,Q,reanhie Beattie,, Godson, and
others of the principal Officers of the company. Aniait
ineuse number of visitors came down by the nine o'clock
special train from London-bridge, and during the fore-
noon both the South-Risturn and South-Western lines
were fully employed in bringing down the company. A
temporary station had been erected within easy distance
of the building, and the road from thence to the spot
where the ceremony of laying the first stone was to be-
performed, was lined with detachments of the Grenadier
Guards, and kept by a strong force of the metropolitan
police under the immediate command of Captain Bat-
mondiere. A considerable portion of the budding, in-
eluding. a spacious quadrangle, is already above ground,
and round it galleries bad been erected for the accommo-
dation of the visitors and patrons of the institution. In
these galleries a very numerous and fashioeable company
were assembled, amongst whom an unusual number of
foreign ladies might b noticed. The arrangement for
her Majesty's reception consisted of a pavilion, in which
her Majesty might rest and refresh herself upon her Jour-
ney, and from thence a promenade covered with scarlet
cloth, and leading to the spot upon which everything
was prepared for the inaugural ceremonial. The " first
stone" consisted of a large square piece of polished por-
phyry, to he laid on another of a similar material and
form, an interstitial space being left between the two
for the usual deposit of coins, &c. On the stone was
engraved an inscription to the effect that the first stone
of the Wellington College, founded in honour of the me-
mory of "The Great Duke," and intended for the educa-
tion of the orphan sons of officers in the royal army and
the East India Company's service, was laid by her Me.
jesty Queen Victoria, on the 24 June, 1856. Over the
stone was a pagoda-shaped canopy, covered with scar-
let cloth, and gaily pavoise, and around the stone a
carpeted dais for the accommodation of the Queen and
the other royal and distinguished partakers in the
ceremonial. A profusion of flags and streamers de-
corated the whole quadrangle, and the interior was lined
all round by the Grenadier G uards. As may be :magined
from these details, the ensemble, including the brilliant
company, the military display, and the occasional deco-
rations, all lighted up by the brightest sunlight that has
been seen since the commencement of the preseat sum-
mer, was extremely brilliant and effective, and the climax
was produced when the folds of the royal pavilion being
thrown open, the inaugural procession proceeded in the
following order to the setting " the first stone" :
The Architect. The Builder.
The Honorary Solicitor. The Secretary.
High Sheriff of the County.
The Governors.
The Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Archbishop of Canterbury. The Bishop of Oxford.
The Lord Steward of The Lord
H.M. Household. Chamberlain. •
The Queen. H.R.H. The Prince Consort.
Members of the Royal Family.
The Great Officers of State and other Attendants on
Her Majesty and the Prince Consort.
Amongst the distinguished personages forming the
Re) al cortege, the whole of the Royal children formed an
interesting group, the young Princes in Royal Stuart
tartan, and the Princesses in the gayest juvenile costume.
The Prince of Prussia, who was the devoted cavalier of
the Princess Royal during the day, was, of course, the
observed of all observers. His Royal Highness is rather
a good-looking young man, about the middle height, and
lightly but well formed, and with a pleasing and intelli-
gent ex pression of countenance. The Regent of Baden,
by whom his Royal Highness is accompanied, is also
of pleasing exterior, and those illustrious personages
and their attendants, with their handsome foreign uni-
forms, added considerably to the general effect. In
the Royal suite were his Royal Highness the Duke .of '
Cambridge, also the Duke and Duchess of Wellington,
the Duchess of Sutherland, Earl Spencer, Sir A. Wood-
ford, Marquis of Abercorn, Earl of Ellesmere, Hon. J.
Walpole, Earl of Derby, and Sir G. Grey, the last name
being the Cabinet Minister who had the honour on this
occasion to be in official attendance on her Majesty. The
prayer was offered up by his Grace the Archbishop of
Canterbury, who was accompanied by the Bishop of
Oxford, his grace's chaplain being in attendance. While
her Majesty was slowly proceeding to the dais a mili-
tary hied played the national anthem, the company
standing and cheering healthy, until the Royal party
arrived at the dais, when the procession arranged them-
selves in a semicircle, and the Earl of Derby proceeded
to read with his well-known magnificent elocution the
following address :--
"May it please your Majesty,—We, your Majesty's
most dutiful subjects, the vice-president, and governors
of the Wellington College, approach your Majesty with
the assurance of our devoted loyalty and affectionate at-
tachment to your Majesty's throne and person, and with
the expression of our heartfelt gratitude, on our own
part, and on that of all interested in this institntion, for
the unfailing support and encouragement with which
your Majesty has deigned to honour it from the very first
idea of its establishment. When, upon the death of the
late illustrious Duke of Wellington, the country was
anxious to testify its deep veneration for his memory;
and only doubtful how best to give effect to the general
feeling, your Majesty was graciously pleased at once
(if indeed it may not be truly said that the
tido adopteaoriginated in your Majesty's own mind) the sug-
gestion of combining with a building, of which the
architectural character should be worthy of the
occasion, an institution which should perpetuate the
name of the great deceased in conjunction with a
permanent endowment in favour of the service to which
he owed his fame, and on which he has conferred im-
periShable lustre. Surrounded by all the blessings of
domestic life, which your Majesty well. knows how to

prize far above the splendours of a throne, your Ma-
jesty's maternal heart could sympathise with those less
fortunate mothers, whose lot it might be to look with
anxiety upon arising family, orphaned in their country's
service, and doomed to struggle with all the evils of
severe, and, above all, uneducated poverty. An insti-
tution which should mitigate these evils, should soothe
these anxieties, should shelter, protect, and educate these
orphans, was the monument which your Majesty invited
the country to raise to the lasting memory of the great
duke Your Majesty most munificently headed the sub
scription for this of jest and the public have liberally
responded to the call. On every occasion on which the
powers of the Crown could be brought to bear upon the
end in view, as in granting and facilitating the passing
of the Charter of Incorporation, we have gratefuhy to
acknowledge your Majesty's continued and unvarying
support. Our deliberations have been constantly aided
and guided by the presence and advice of your Ma-
jesty's illustrious Consort, the president of the college ;
and, in approaching the accomplishment of our design,
we have to tender to. your Majesty the expression of our
humble gratitude for the sanction and encouragement
given to our undertaking by your Majesty's presence
and participation in a ceremony originally intended to
have marked the day which gave to the world the great
captain of the age and supplied, in an addition to year
Majesty's domestic happiness, a touching incident for
the pencil of one of our greatest artists. It is believed
that the building about to be erected on the site on
which we stand will be visible from the domain which a
nation's gratitude bestowed in perpetuity on the illus-
trious duke ; and his descendants will have before their
eyes at once a memorial of the greatness of their distin-
gu'shei ancestor, and of their country's recognition'of his
neequalled services. It is our noxious hope that within
Annie walla, at -no dkltsast psriotikfae? milhans of officers of
your Majesty's and of the Exist India Company's service,
may be lodged, boarded, p it Caller clothed, and provided,
between the ages of 11 and 16, with the elements at least
of such a religious, moral, a',cl intellectual education as
may fit them for their future career in life, whatever that
career may be ; and, if not gratuitously, at least at a
scale of expense far bel ive what any other institution
could afford theta. The admissions will be regulated by
strict attend ,n to the claims of the deceased officer, and
the tireimptancee of the soarvieinn parent ; without re-
quiring any further disclosure of such circumstances than
may , (rise to show that the total provision for the family
if equally divided, would not exceed a given amount.
Notwithstanding the munificent contributions of your
Majesty and the public, we are not yet in a condi-
tion to carry out our -plan to its full extent ; but,
looking to the circumstances of the time, to the many
claims which may be urged upon us consequent on that
which we may baepliy term the late war, we have deemed
it desirable not to delay the erection of our intended
building, and to rest satisfied with the partial applica-
tion of our Van, both in respect of numbers and terms
of admission, until the proved efficacy of our system
may induce such increased support as may enable us
to augment the former, and render the latter yet
more liberal. With these views, we are assured that your
Majesty will join with us in commending our infant
Institution to the protection of that God who is the
father of the fatherless, and defendeth the cause of the
widow ;' and to that Almighty Protector we offer our
fervent prayers, that your Majesty may long be spared
tewitness the increasing prosperity of this institution,
which, we trust, for ages associate the memory of
your Majesty's happy reign with the glory and patriot.
ism of Wellington, and show with what judicious liber•
ality enduring honour was paid to the greatest man of
his age, by the gratitude of his Sovereign and his
country."
To which her Majesty returnnl the following most
gracious answer :
"I have received with sincere gratification the ad-
dress which you have this day presented to me. It af-
fords me the greatest satisfaction to avail myself of this
occasion to testify anew my warm and heartfelt partici-
pation in the general feeling of affection and veneration
for.the memory of that illustrious man whose name
will be associated with the institution which we are now
meeting to inaugurate. That satisfaction is enhanced
by the character of the monument which you propose to
reise to the lasting memory of the Duke of Wellington,
and also by the circumstance of the time selected for its
erection. There could not be a more worthy record of
the country's gratitude to its greatest soldier than a
permanent endowment for the protection and education
of the orphans of the brave men whose lives have been
laid down in the service of which ho was the chief orna-
ment and pride. Nor could there be a more appropriate
time for raising such a monument to his memory, than
while we are gratefully admiring the gallantry and de-
votion which have been so conspicuously displayed
by my army in the late war. I have deeply sympa-
thised with the domestic sorrows and privation (the
inevitable results of war) which have made so many
mourners, and I feel that we cannot better celebrate
the re•ostahlisteinent ofensenserniseeeeLby laying the fou Fl -
dation of an institution whrichirvsill tend to tooth
their sorrows and to mitigate the severity of their priva-
tions, will hold up to the imitation of all those who
share its benefits the example of a distinguished patriot-
ism, of an unceasing devotion to his country's service,
of an honesty of purpose, and• of a determination in the
performance of his duty, hy which the long and eminent
career of the Duke of Wellington was so remarkably
distinguished. I can express no better wish for my own
son, who bears the name of that great man, than that
he would take as his guide through life the example of
one with whom it will soon be his high distinction to be
connected. I heartily join with you in commending
l ilsoendg. iempre read through
is,especially the allusions to the
may
b e
r thisea this institution to the Divine blessing, and in praying
that with its increasing prosperity the benevolent inten-
tions
er.
H
address with much
feeling
great duke, which brought sins of visible emotion into
o f
andts
Majesty
foundershad
the eyes of the Duchess of Wellington, who was in im-
mediate attendance on the Queen. An equally inte-
rested participant in the ceremonial, although unhappily
he could not be a spectator, was Lord Charles Welles-
ley, who, notwithstanding his deprivation of sight, as-
sisted at the foundation of this great memorial in honour
of his illustrious parent. The Archbishop of Canter-
bury then delivered an appropriate prayer, and her Ma-
jesty went through the usual ceremony with much grace
and dignity. Her Majesty next retired to luncheon, in
which the governors had the honour to participate, and
shortly after proceeded to a temporary terrace, from
which a fine prospect might be enjoyed of the review,
with which the day's proceedings were to terminate.
On an extensive plain, spreading ;from the base of the
royal terrace, upwards of 12,000 troops were drawn up
in one long line. Their bayonets glittered in the sun,
their varied uniforms struck out in bold relief against
the black moorland, their various standards floated ma-
jestically in the breeze, and the strains of their military
bands gave life anti animation to the scene. On the
extreme right might be recoeniaed the dark guns of the
Rifles and German Jagers, along the centre were drawn
up the several militia regiments, and at the other ex-
tremity two battalions of artillery were drawn up to
complete the military arrangements for a field day. The
forces on the ground consisted of two battalions of the
Grenadier Guards, the 80th and 91st Regiments of the
line, three battalions of the Rifle brigade, the Antrim,
Sussex, Second Surrey. Somerset, Elthorne, Leicester,
Hereford, Worcester, Kerry, a detachment of the Third
Dragoon Guards, the German Leaion, and finally the
Artillery, the whole being under the command of the
Duke of Cambridge, with General Knoliys as general of
the day. The manoeuvres, which were considered to be
very well executed, consisted of forming in line, marching
pa't at slow and qnick.time, the bands of the regiments
playing appropriate music as they passed the royal tent,
and then forming into squares to receive cavalry.
Having then stood an attack from the dragoons, the
whole force divided itself into two armies, and the usual
manoeuvres of a petite guerre were gone through on a
small scale, the expenditure of powder making up for
the cornparativeser small number of troops engaged. On
the termination of the review her Majesty and party
proceeded to the railway station, where the royal
carriages were in readiness, and under the expe-
rienced guidance of the directors and officers before
enumerated. The convoi returned rapidly to town,
while the general company adjourned to a suitable pa-
villion, in which Messrs. Staples, of the Albion, were
busy and successful in catering for their refreshment. So
great was the heat of the sun, that one of the Rifles fell
down dead in the field. The high temperature did not,
however, interrerewith the activity of the swell mob, 14
of whom were detected by the police at an early hour of
the day and immediately removed in custody. We were
not able to ascertain the name of the architect of Wel-
lington College, but understand that its erection will be
entrusted to the efficient hands of Messrs. Holland, of
Duke-street, London.

x interestingervou stßbian
phluirtoenmedicine of Indi-
gestioni-
ous, and Liver complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption,
uieLAnnu73.(iyi suszpsnetensxisatr)r],a. —oFriaaituoutaileryininegcyu,7Consonbwisetti
and Debility effected by Du Barry's delicious Health-Restoring
Revaleuta Arabica Food. We give a few.—Winchester, De-
cember 3d, 1847. Gentlemen,--.1 am happy
to be able to
inform you that the person for whom your Revaleuta was
procured has derived a very great benefit from its use ; dis-
tressing symptoms of Dropsy, Dyspepsia, and. Constipation of
long standing have been removed, and a feeling of restored
health induced. Having witnessed the beneficial effects
in the above mentioned-case I can with confidence recom-
mend it, &c. hams SUMMAND, late Surgeon, 96th Regiment.
Silvington Rectory, Cleobury Mortimer, Salop, Feb., 1851.
Gentlemen,—l was in a miserable state of nervous irritation,
but now I am entirely free from it.; and in the enjoyment of
good health. Your Food is everything to be desired in
my case, as I feel as if I was in a new state of existence;
and I recommend others similarly affected to try it, for its
effects are most surprising and agreeable.—Rev. Jew: JONES.
Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of
Chemistry Dr. Andrew Ure ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ;
Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ;
Lord Stuart de Deeies ; the Dowager Countess of Castle-
stuart ; Major-Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable
persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other
means of cure had failed. Suitably packed for all climates,
with full instructions. In canisters, slbs. Ils. ; 121b5., 225. ;
super-refined, 11b., Cs. ; 21bs., 11. F. ; 51bs., , 225.; 101bs., 335.
The 101bs. and 121bs• carriage free, on receipt of post-office
order. Barry du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London ;
Fortnum, Mason, and Co., Purveyors to her Majesty, Picca-
dilly ; also at 60, Gracechurch-street ; 333 and 451, Strand ; 4,
Cheapside ; 68, Ccrnhill ; 49, Bishopsgate-street : 55, Char.
tug-cross; 64, Uppoi: Bakor-street; 63 and 150, Oxford.
street. . ,

'aval and Military Intelligence.

Her Majesty's steam-sloop, Medea, Commander E.
Peirse, arrived at Spithead yesterday morning, from the
West India station, to be paid off. She left Bermuda
May the 13th, and experienced on the voyage a heavy
gale from the S.W. The West India station was very
unhealthy when she left: Her Majesty' s team-sloop
Malaeca had lost nine men and two engineers. At
Bermuda when she left were her Majesty's ships Boa-
esavetr, 72, Rear-Admiral Fanshawe.; Powerful, 84,
Captain.Massie ; Pembroke, GO, Captain G. IL Sey-
mour, C.B. ; Cornwallis, GO, Captain Wellesley ; and
the Arab, 12, Captain Ogle. By the Medea, which left
St. Thomas's on the Thursday before the 13th ult., we
learn that the English mail of the 17th ult. reached St.
Thomas's on the morning of the 2d of May. The Royal
Mail steamer Parana left St. Thomas's on the let ult.
Yellow fever was raging at St. Thomas's, particularly
among the shipping, to an. alarming extent ; there had
been several deaths in the Marine Hospital. Common
remittant fever and ague were also prevalent among the
inhabitants. It was generally apprehended that the
coming summer would be a very unhealthy one through-
out the West Indies. Her Majesty's steam-sloop Buz
zerd left St. Thomas's for Antigua on the Ist ult. The
Medea brought home several invalids from the West
India squadron. Rear-Admiral Faushawe was enjoy-
ing good health. The Medea brought some ae passen-
gers Mr. Pearce Master, and Mr. Bull, Surgeon, of
her Majesty's shiw Arachne ; Dr. .11‘Cullegb, of her
Majeety's ship Termagant ; Mr. Gordon, Chaplain of
her Majesty's ship Eurydice, forty-five seamen mud
.marines, invalids. - Her Majesty's ship Argus
had, Sailed from Bermuda for Halifax. She had suf-
flied mach from fever, havi lost 11 officers and men,
ate Meg 'there93te.:Tivai"..- "- MALte
ship Baseeween, and Lieut. : oc 'At
time of sailing from Bermuda .for Halifax the fever
bad very" much abated, and the ship's company were
cenvaleecent. The boatswain of het Majesty's ship
Pembroke had committed suicide at Bermuda.
The steam-transport Cheater, No: 182, arrived at
Portsmouth yesterday, from the Black Sea and Malta,
with a cargo of shot, shell, &e.
Her Majesty's ship Dauntless, 24, Capt. Ryder,
steamed into 'Portsmouth harbour yesterday afternoon.
The Colombo steam-transport went into Portsmouth
herhenr yesterday, to land the let Royal Lancashire
Militia. _ _ _

The Flying Fish, 6, steam deilp.atch gun-boat, Com-
mander Roderick Dew, went into Portsmouth har-
bour yesterday, and was taken into dock for repairs.
The steam-transport Clyde left Portsmouth yester-
day, for Southampton.
The Waterloo, 120 guns, flag-ship, Captain Lord
Frederick Kerr, has been removed from her original
mooring into Sheerness harbour, in consequence of the
north-.east moorings parting during the gale of Friday
night last.
The gailiot Fortuin, C. P. Christensen master, has
arrived at Sheerness from Thistod, in Jutland, with
pars of the stores, &c., saved from the late steam
sloop Polyphemus, Commander Frederick P. Warren.
The gun-boats, Nos. 32 and 3d have left Sheerness
with two other gun-boats in tow for Chatham, for the
purpose of having their heavy guns landed .at the
Ordnance, and their Ordnance stores returned, pre-
paratory to their being dismantled.
Orders have arrived at Sheerness to dismantle and
pay off the Eurotas, 12, scram mortar-ship,• Captain
William Moorsom, C. 13., mid the Seahorse, 12, screw
mortar-ship, Capt. Leopold G. Beath, C.E., both of
which ships are hourly expected there from Ports-
mouth.

THE FIRE AND LOSS OF TWO LIVES
IN SOHO.

Yesterday Mr. Bedford, coroner for Westminster,
held a long inquiry at the Vestry-ball of St. Ann's,
Soho, on the bodies of Elizabeth Bowler, aged five, and
George Henry Bowler, aged three and a hall yea'•s, who
perished in the fire that took place, on Thursday night
last, at No. 2G, St. Ann's-court, Wardour•street, Soho.
The inquiry created considerable interest, and Mr.
Low, Mr. Spencer, the inspector of the Royal Society
`or the Protection of Life from Fire, and Mr. T. Loa-
der, the assessor of losses to the Unity Fire Office, at-
tended professionally to watch the evidence.
Jane Bowler said that she left her house about half-
past seven o'clock on Thursday evening last. The
children were fast asleep in bed. There was then no
fire in the grate and only a few matches in the room.
She leaked the room, as she was apprehensive since her
father died that some one would do injury to the pre-
mises, as bills had been circulated to that effect.
James Lee, one of the Fire Brigade (No. 44), said that
on Thursday night at twelve o'clock, he was called by a
stranger to the pace, and on arriving at 26, St. Ann's-
, court, be found no one outside the house. He saw
smoke issuing from the roof, and he then 'broke -open
the door, rushed up stair., and found the whole of the
back attic in flames. He close:: the door and lan down
stairs, when he met a constable, whom he told to let no
strangers in, only firemen. He then ran up to the next
attic, and found an old gentleman lying on the floor.
„fie got him down two flights of stairs and gave him to
his engineer. After that he got the engine to work.
By the Coroner—He had no doubt the fire originated
in the room where the children were foetid. The parish
engine was not at work when he arrived. The fire might
have been burning for half ar, bour before 'he arrived.
Thomas Dobbinson, 26, St. Ann's-court, lived in the
next room to the Bowlers. He heard the parents of the
deceased leave home about five or six o'clock, and was
awoke by hearing a crackling noise, when some one en-
tered his room, pulled him out'of bed, and carried him
down stairs. The children had frequently been left in
that way. The parents were sober and industrious
people.
Ann Owen said that she resided in the same house,
and occupied the first floor hack room. She had been
at borne from six or seven o'clock, and was awoke by a
noise from the fireman. She slipped on her dress, but
the policeman would not allow her to go out for five
minutes. The policeman, she thought, saw her, but
after again trying the door they allowed her to leave.
She was not aware that the children were in the house.

Paul Gerrard, engineer of the Crowu-street station,
said that he was awakened on Thursday night at a qnar-
ter-past twelve o'clock by a deaf and dumb man. Not
understanding him, he sent two of his men on, and then
attended with his engine. He carried the blind man
from the second floor into the street. The boy, when he
entered the room, had fallen through a hole iu the floor-
ing, and the girl was on the floor with her brains burned
out.

By the Coroner —The fire, in his opinion, began near
the bed—near the top of it. The room is nearly burnt
out. He believed the child fell through the hole where
he got the engine to work by the force of water. The
police did right in even keeping the father back, as he
could not have saved the life of either child.
Mr. Spencer said that if. the fire escape had been
called before the engines it might have been instrumental
in saving the lives of the two children.
Gerrard said that the childrea had been dead a long
time before the fire was first discovered. Two of his
own men were there before the police.
Edward Jostling, of 15, Catherine-street, Strand, ma-
chinist to the Lyceum Theatre, said that on Thursday
night, whilst returning from seeing the fireworks, he
heard a fireman say, " Admit no ono." The father
came, in a state of madness, and begged the police to
admit him, so that he might save his children ' • when
they said that they were all right, and would be brought
down.

John Ashbourd, 14, Carlisle-street, whilst fetching
his supper beer on Thursday night, experienced a strong
smell like wood burning ; and in ten minutes after he
heard a cry of " Fire" raised, and a woman calling out,
"Let me go up to save my children." He and others
went into the premises, and entered the second floor, and
found the head of one of the children.
James Winterbourne, 6, Castle-street, Long-acre, ma-
chinist to her Majesty's printing-office, said that be was
called to the fire, and found the children being taken out.
The father told him that he used, whenever he went out, ,
to lash tho children to one side of the bedpost, and fasten
it at the other side.
The father said that be used to do as the last witness
had stated. He did so to prevent them from stealing
things, but they were not tied up on the night in ques-
tion

The Coroner, in feeling terms, remarked that that
was treating children like dogs, and calculated to do
more harm than good.
aotdmeacenas to deceased in
r. tßheiarcukiines,
Spendelow, the parish engine-keeper, proved arriving
with the engine, and helping to get the fire subdued, and
afterwards
'
James
c finding the
p said that ho
saw smoke issuing from the chimney of the house. He
then sent for the engines. He heard the police refuse to
let any one into the house.
Edward Rowlett, 145 of the C division, said that he
attended at the fire, and was told by the fireman to
admit no one. He called to some person standing by to
fetch the fire-escape, and he went away for that purpose.
His instructions were to send first for the fire-escape and
afterwards for the engines. It was, however, some
time before he was joined by another comrade.
Mr. Inspector Webb, of the C division, explained that,
owing to the fire-works and illuminations, not so many
constables were on duty in that place on the night as
was generally the case.
The Coroner said it appeared that under the circum-
stances the policeman had acted very properly.
Mr. Henry Jones, 23, Soho-square, proved that
both bodies were so extensively burned that he was
unable to tell the sex of either ; the youngest had both
thighs burned off. Death in each case must have been
caused by burning.
The learned Coroner summed up in his usual clear and
impartial manner, and
The jury, after consulting, returned a verdict " That
the deceased were burned to death in the fire, but bow
or by what means the said fire occurred there was not
sufficient evidence to prove ;" and at the same time pas--
sing a high eulogium upon the conduct of police con-
stable Rowlet and the first fireman who attended.

tphheo4is..ewatheisethsurp
'theyr surprise
i lwasdiu caused-atg lia undergone. theerg time! ta
e-
. .
boarded floor has been removed, and the whole of
the voss transept is transformed into a beautiful
garden, presenting a magnificent collection of the
choicest flowers. The oxen and cows are placed in
stalls, very, neatly arranged under the gallery all
round the building, and nothing can be than in-
seen to be The cleanliness
te
whichst i npgr
etvhaaini the everywhere whole d ims pul
saty
b. -0
cre-
dited, and far from any disagreeable smell arising
from the assemblage of so many cattle, what prin-
cipally strikes the spectator is the peculiar, odour
of the breath of the cows, proverbial for its sweet-
ness.
ProCeeding round towards the right on entering
by the. grand entrance,•the first thing that strikes
the eye is a collection of pure Durham hams sent
by England. There are one hundred and twenty in
number, 60 males and 60 cows. Some of these animals
are of the greatest beauty-, and several would
scarcely be sold for any price. Next come a number
of Demons,- then some Herefords, and a consider-
able number of Ayrshires. These last-named occupy
a great portion of the western end of the building.
There is besides a large collection of animals from
Galloway, Yorkshire, and Suffolk. The Ayrshires,
without horns, are almost all black, without a sin-
gle spot of white. Near them are a number of
cattle from Ireland, of which the small race from
Kerry seemed to attract most attention. Next come
the breeds of Holland, which occupy the remaining
porlisn under the western gallery; next aro those
of Switzerland, which are very fine, expecially those
of Berne and Schnitz ; and then are to be seen those
of Germany and Hungary. Above the Swiss stal s
are suspended the boils and collars which the ani-
mals wear—the former very large, and the latter
splendidly .ornamerate 1. \Vlut is particularly
curious in this part of the Exhibition is the
iniatal sr WIWI Tyrolean, ._Transylvanians
Gallidan, Hungarian, and other peasants, who
have brought the animals to Paris, and who wear
their national costume.' The Hungarians are par-
ticularly remarkable—they wear white trousers so
wide and long that they almost resemble petticoats
and have immense moustachios. Next, in going
round the building, are to be seen various races
most in renown iu France—the Norman, Charo-
laise, and Limousine• being of extraordinary
beauty.
Owing to the number of cattle sent, it has been
found necessary to construct stalls outside • and
they are chiefly occupied by specimens of ilune
garian breeds, which are almost wild and of singu- •
lar appearance. Near these sheds are those occu-
pied by sheep and swine. The number of animals
of the bovine.race brought from foreign countries
is about 750; and those exhibited by France about
380. The ovine race is represented by about -700
animals ; of which England exhibits 233, and
France 238. The English have, above all, en-
deavoured to improve their breeds of sheep,
as they have their horned cattle, for the flesh ;
whereas in France the contrary is the case, the
flesh being considered as a mere accessory,
the primary object being the wool. The
Dishley, Leicester, Kent, with long wool, and the
Southdowns with short, at present exhibited at the _
Palais, prove that the English have completely at-
tained their object. As to the porcine race, there
are 154 animals exhibted, and it was generally
admitted that those from England had a marked
superiority.•
ti Parallel with the sheds containing the sheep and
pigs are others containing the agricultural instru-
ments and machines exhibited by France and most
of the foreign countries. England exhibits her
instruments and machines in a separate shed ; and
she certainly has sent a splendid collection. The
iron and steel of the different objects are carefully
polished, the woodwork is painted and varnished,
and the whole is grouped with much art and
elegance. Near the Cours Ia Reine is an elegant
structure of two storeys, the ground-floor of which.
is .oeciipied' by rabbits—of great beauty and im-
mense size—and the upper by cocks and hens of
all breeds and all countries, turkeys, ducks, geese,
pheasants, pintados, &cc.
The exhibition of the Imperial Central Society of
Horticulture occupies the nave of the palace, and
is laid out in the English style of gardening. In
the midst of grass-plots, separated by gravelled
walks, are collections of different kinds of flowers,
trees, and shrubs, some of the trees being as high
as the' upper galleries. In the galleries, also, there
are numerous specimens of horticultural produc-
tions. This part of the exhibition is ornamented
with a statue of the Empress Josephine, who was
a decided encourager of French horticulture, and
:with figures -in °bronze, zinc, aads-terra cotta.
bown the centre of the nave are three fountains,
filled with specimens of pisciculture—one by fish
from the " manufactory" established by the ;
g_overn-
ment at Huninguen another by salmon and trout
from the College de France and the Bois de Boulogne;
and the third by the productions of M. Millet. The
portions of the upper galleries not occupied by horti-
cultural productions are filled with small agricultural
instruments, models of machines, plans in relief of
farms or agricultural establishments, tools, bee-
hives, draining tiles, and agricultural productions.
The gallery facing the avenue of the Champs Ely-
sees is set apart for these objects from Algeria and
foreign countries, and that facing the river for
those of France. The gallery looking towards the
Place de la Concorde is occupied with an exhibition
of a vast number of articles which were given by
the exhibitors of 1855 for the benefit of the army
of the East, and which are to be put up to lottery.
They are of a most miscellaneous description, but
arranged with consummate taste. The gallery in
the opposite end of the building has been hand-
somely fitted up as a vast saloon for the distribu-
tion of recompences at the conclusion of the pre-
sent exhibition.
The decoration of the building has been ex-
ceedingly simple, merely consisting of flags
of various nations from the roof, and wreaths
of flowers along the front of the galleries. The
great piece of ornamentation is the fine collection
of flowers, and the view from the gallery above ou
the beautiful garden in the centre of the building
and on the crowds promenading below was a most
varied and interesting one. It may not be amiss
to state that Chevet has fitted up several buffets in
the building, where refreshment can be procured ;
and the English visitors will not be sorry to learn
that, as at the Universal Exhibition of last year,
they can obtain a sparkling glass of Allsopp's pale
ale. The weather yesterday presented a very de-
cided improvement from what has been seen for
some days past, being bright, warm, and season-
able. The consequence was that the number of
visitors was throughout the day very considerable,
and that the immediate vicinity of the Palais de
Industrie was thronged with promenaders. No
special ceremony of any kind marked the opening ;
when noon arrived, the public were admitted, and
all was said.

THE WASP BATTERY AND SEBASTOPOL

HARBOUR.

__,....-
An officer who served in the fleet at the bombard.
ment of Sebastopol, in 1854, dined by invitation with
the Governor of the Wasp Battery last month. He
describes the Wasp Battery as having a ditch some 30
feet wide around. it, with an embankment level with
cou
nbattery
the
shellst o the t
h firero w
n o f
by which
the
the guns, so that ships' guns could not hit the fort at
all, but only the embankment in front, while the guns
at the battery would fire shell rig..lit down the deck of
a ship, 150 feet below. This fortification mounts only
eight guns, en barbette, anti those are very close to-
d the Russian offi-
er. This wasac
the
clie.rM;Sxp.
expressed
don
h I.Nii,assuerxppriosse thated,an
she was not sunk.
According to
his
battery would go completely 'through the whole
gAectchor.
of a ship's decks in that position. The only casualty
the Russians suffered in the Wasp Battery was from
one shell, whicn droppel amongst them, rendering
28 men hors de comint. The officer himself had, on the
occasion of the bombardment, been in the front of the
engagement, and was anxious to see what guns the fleets
had suffered from. The Wasp Battery, which is scarcely
perceivable from the sea, he describes as the most dan-
gerous, and the Albion as having one of the hottest
berths. The Russian commander gave him a good din-
ner, plenty of champagne, and a hearty welcome.
From the statements of the same Russian officer it ap-
pears that the outer boom n Sebastopol harbour, owing
to a succession of gales, became in a sinking state
during the siege, and was removed to as ist in mak-
ing the bridge of boats ; the inner one shortly after-
wards shared the same fate. After the gale of the
14th of November, 1854, the outer line of ships was
so much broken up as to render the harbour easy of
access to the fleet, upon observing which the Gabriel an
Silistria were sunk by the Russians as a further impedi-
ment. Five steamers were sunk on the morning
when the Russian troops crossed the bridge of boats to
the north side ; nothing of them is visible. The first or
outer line of ships were sunk, with everything on board
them, upon the Russians perceiving the Allied fleets
weighing frOm the Alma, and in the belief that the
Allied fleets were about to enter the harbour, the Rus-
sian officers and men losing all their property on board.
The Empress Maria and Grand Prince Constantine are
the only two ships whose masts are standing ; the for-
mer on her bilge, the latter perfectly upright, lying
with her head up the harbour ; the others are cross
ways ; the last mentioned was the finest ship in the
Russian fleet. The ships were sunk by heeling them
over and cutting four scuttles on each side as large AS a
pudding plate ; they were kept afloat for some time by
plugging and caulking them in till it was requisite to
sink them, and then it was done by driving the plugs all
out together, after which it required from two to three
hours for them to sink.