The Sun.
London, England, 1856-11-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVI NING, NOVEMBER 26, 1856.

in. the fervid l'ith. Yet it may be doubted whe-
ther the cause for which Laud and his master died
is not even more hopeless now than in those days.
The dream of a vast spiritual unity, one in faith,
one in forms, one in rule, and one in manifold
beneficial operations, had indeed received a severe
shock in outward events, but was by no means dis-
pelled from the inner soul. There it reigned awhile
in the mind of the Roman Catholic, the Church of
England man, the Presbyterian, and the Indepen-
dent; and, as each one triumphed, so he claimed to
reign supreme. In France the fortunes of policy
and war, perhaps it should be added the art of
Richelieu, carried the day, apparently, in favour
of Rome. In England first the Presbytery, then
the Independents, claimed to govern the soul of
man. In Scotland the former of these for genera-
tions had almost undisputed sway. But with the
Revolution toleration also came in, and this politi-
cal necessity has gradually assumed the still milder
form of compromise. That compromise, as is usual
in religion, has given English Episcopacy much
peace and prosperity, but at the cost of numbers,
doctrinal unity, and power. At present not much
more than a third of the inhabitants of these isles
retain Episcopacy and the Prayer-book ; and of
that third at least half hold them with no very
strong tie. In this state of things we are not sur-
prised that some zealous Churchmen should urge
those parts of their system, whether doctrinal or
ritual, that they think the path and clue to a resto-
ration of our lost unity. Nor can it be a matter of
surprise that, of these Churchmen, same aspire
to a unity wide as the earth, or rather the
heavens ; others to one that should engirt these
isles ; others at least to old England. Whether
they will ever succeed is another affair ; but the
human heart seldom listens to reason, either in the
things of earth or of Heaven. On the other nand,
we are as little surprised that simple, honest, warm
hearted men, engaged in practical duties, set on
doing the good thing before them, and cherishing
the friends that they have, should resign the vision
of the larger unities, and content themselves with
husbanding the precious remnant that still seems in
their power. That was the line taken on Sunday
by the preacher, Mr. - Cotton, Master of Marl-
borough School, and we believe an old friend of the
new Bishop—like him, too, a pupil of the late Dr.
Arnold. With much earnestness he besought all
parties to join in keeping together what is left of
the Church of England, and to co-operate as far as
possible for the removal of our social evils. It is
not possible to allude to differences of opinion with-
out betraying a leaning, and Mr. Cotton evidently
leans to Dr. Arnold ; yet are we sure that he gives
good advice. It is the way which tends to unity.
" Charity," which is only another name for unity,
" begins at home." Wider unity there will never
be unless the hearts and minds of men be first
formed in the practice of mutual kindness and
candour. No doubt, there is much to be borne
with in these days, but, unless it be borne with,
and unless we keep the peace with those imme-
diately about us, we cannot hope to be the sacred
spring of a wider unity and a universal restoration.
Dr. Tait, we have mentioned, was for some years
tutor at Balliol College, and subsequently for
seven years, we believe, Head Master of Rugby.
Mr. Cotton is head master of a large proprietary
school at Marlborough. We know not whether
either of them has had the charge of a parish,
either in London or in the country, nor are we
sure, notwithstanding the common prejudice on
this point, that a course of parochial experience is
necessary to make a man a good bishop or bishops
friend. What we venture to observe on the choice
of Dr. Tait for the see of London refers to his
scholastic career. He is no busy dignitary bloom-
ing into riches and honour. Nor is the worn-out
scholastic released to repose on a stall or a throne.
On the contrary, while still in the prime of life, he
has recently left one of the most laborious, and,
we will add, most honourable employments, which
the custom of the Church has left open to the cle-
rical profession. There is no position that brings
out the highest principles, the most genial feelings,
and the most important powers more than the
position of a man who has day by day, for many
hours a-day, to meet face to face hundreds of boys,
whose opening understandings lean upon him for
nutriment and guidance. The head master of a
public school cannot be an idle man ; he may have
his hobbies, but he cannot consult his ease and
pleasure ; he may have his favourites, but he can
neglect no one ; his attention must always be
strained ; he takes his holidays when his boys do ;
in a word, he has a place among the most lz.bori-
ous professional men—rising barristers, physicians
in full practice, eminent seleatifac lecturers. He
is a real pillar of the social state, as much as the
head of a public department or a man in high mili-
tary command. His eye, his voice, his manner,
his mind, pervades the whole school, and leaves
uu corners in it. He is intimately acquainted with
the faces and minds of 400 or 500 boys, and has a
running account of daily recollections with them.
To the best of our recollection Dr. Tait is the
first ono who has come to a see fresh and young
from such a sphere since the appointment of
Dr. Lougley to the see of Ripon. May we not
reasonably expect that he will be able to diffuse a
somewhat higher standard of clerical duty than
now prevails ? Can ho not create the idea of a cle-
rical day's work somewhat nearer the mark of other
professions ? Will he not tell his clergy that they
must do something more than write sermons and
check the accounts of their societies? Surely his
practised eye and power of survey will come in
useful now. We have been called to account for
suggesting a legal enforcement of the clerical obli-
gations, but it will be a great gain if even a new
idea can be implanted. Certain are we that the
clergy can do much with this metropolis, if they
will Eet seriously to work in a business-like man-
ner; and therefore we conceive great hopes from
seeing a " working man " put at their head.

LA W INTELLIGENCE.—Nov. 25.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
MORRIS V. THE ROYAL BRITISH BANS.-EXECUTION

AGAINST A SHAIMPLOLDER.
This cause came before the court upon cause being
shown against a rule to issue execution against A.lder•
man Kennedy, for a debt due to the plaintiff by the

Royal British Bank.
Mr. Hugh Hill, Q.C., and Mr. Aspland, appeared to
show cause, and Mr. Lush and Mr. Beaseley, to sup.

port the rule.
Mr. Hill said that the rule called upon Alderman Ken-
nedy to show cause why execution should not issue
against him upon a judgment against the bank for
2141. 11e. 6d. The case involved a question of some
importance, and he asked their lord-hips' attention to
the dates. The plaintiff commenced his action on the
Bth of. September, in order to recover 2051. 13s. 4d.,
against the bank, and he recovered judgment on the
3d of November for 2141. lie. 61., the debt and costs.
On the 4th he issued a f. fa. against the bank, which
writ the sheriff returned with the endorsement nulla
bona. But it was not stated what instructions had been
given to the sheriff, nor what exertions had been made
to execute the writ. It further appeared that early in
the month of September there were three petitions pre-
sented to the Court of Chancery for winding up the
affairs of the bank, and Vice-Chancellor Kindersley made
the final order on the 24th September. Oa the 27th an
interim manager was appointed, and on the 13th Oc
an official manager was named. It further appeared,
that there had been proceedings in bankruptcy, man
that the bank was adjudicated bankrupt on the 9th
October, and an official assignee and trade assignees were
appointed. On the 6th Nov., the day of the appoint-
ment of the trade assignees, the plaintiff carried in his
claim, and proved his debt in bankruptcy. He then
served a notice on Alderman Kennedy, that, he would
move the Court for execution against him, and a few days
ago he obtained the rule. The plaintiff, in his affidavit,
stated that there was litigation going on, and he believed
that the parties had determined to go totbe House a
Lords ; it was, therefore, uncertain when any dividend
would be paid on his debt, more especially as questions
bad arisen, and were undetermined, whether the bank
would be wound up under the superintendence of the
Court of Chancery or the Court of Bankruptcy.
Mr. Justice Crowder had understood Mr. Lush to say
that the writ had been returned nulla bona, and that
there were no funds at all.
Mr. Hill—There was 100,600/. at this moment, if it
could only be settled who could distribute it.
Mr. Lush—All the fends were in the hands of the
official manager, and when they could be got at nobody
knew ; there were no available funds. He submitted
that the creditor had a right to his execution, and that
the Court had no power, out of pity for a shareholder,
or from any other motive, to refuse the writ. He refer-
red to the statute in proof of that position. The words in
the section, "It shall be lawful" for the Court to issue
execution, were obligatory upon the Court so to do the
moment the shareholder showed that he had taken the
necessary steps. The Winding-up Act enable the share-
holders to enforce certain rights among themselves, but
it was not an act under which a creditor could proceed
at all.
Mr. Justice Crowder—The act said the Court should
make such order as they might think fit.
Mr. Lush—That applied to cases of proceedings by
a shareholder to enforce contribution from other share-
holders, and did not apply to a judgment creditor.
The Chief Justice did not see why the terms should
not. be held to apply to all cases ; to such a case as
this, for instance. It was reasonable that, if the
Court said that injustice would be done by allowing
one creditor to go on issuing executions against a
shareholder, they should have some discretion.
Mr. Lush submitted that the act gave no discretion ;
and it would be contrary to the whole spirit of the
act that there should be any power in the Court to
withhold the writ out of pity to a shareholder.
The Chief Justice, in giving judgment, said that he
was at first disposed to doubt whether, under the
terms of the 13th section of the 7th and Bth Vie.,
they might not possess some discretionary power;
and, if they had possessed it, he should have been
disposed to say that he would not allow execution to
issue against a shareholder so long as they knew that
there were assets of the company about to be divided
amongst the creditors. The question, however, had
undergone much discussion, and it had been held that
a creditor was entitled to have execution at once.
Mr. Baron Martin had said that that was the opinion
not only of the Court of Exchequer, but that the
courts of equity had come to the same conclusion.
He was bound to yield to such authority ; and, there-
fore, the rule must be absolute.
Mr. Justice Williams thought the Court had no
discretion in the matter.
Mr. Justice Crowder was of opinion that the sound
construction of the act of Parliament was, a creditor
having performed the conditions mentioned in the 10th
section, and had found his execution against the com-
pany ineffectual, was entitled, as a matter of right,
to proceed against the individual shareholder.—Rule
absolute.

HEALTH OP LONDON DURING THE
WEEK.

(From the Report of the Registrar-General.)

The returns for the week that ended on Saturday ex-
hibit a decided increase of the deaths in London. The
deaths, which at the beginning of this month were
about a thousand in a week, and were afterwards 1,090,
rose last week to 1,261. In the ten weeks correspond.
ing to last week of the years 1846-55 the average num-
ber was 1,092 ; and the same rate of mortality in the
present increased population would have produced 1,179
deaths. There was therefore last week au excess of 82
above the corrected average.
The increase on the previous weeks of this month
arises almost entirely from diseases of the respiratory
organs. The deaths caused by this class of diseases,
which does not include phthisis or hooping-cough, were
successively 190, 200, and 258 in three preceding weeks,
but rose last week to 328. Of these 328, the number
referred to bronchitis is 173, to pneumonia (or inflater-
matian of the lungs) 110, to asthma 23, to laryngitis,
pleurisy, &c., 22. Bronchitis was fatal in 102 of the
cases to adults 20 years old or upwards ; pneumonia, on
the other hand, was fatal in 83, or three-fourths of ti e
whole number of cases, to children. The numbers re
ferred to phthisis or consumption in the last four weeks
are the following :-139, 149, 141, and 169, showing
that this disease was also more fatal last week. The
increase from hooping-cough is more gradual, the num-
bers under this head in the same weeks being 28, 37,
40, and 44. In connection with this increase in the
mortality it may be stated that the mean temperature
of the air was on every day from the 2d instant till
the 20th below the average, and often so much as 7
deg. below it ; whilst fogs, more or less dense, were
frequent. An increase, though not great, is also appa-
rent in fever and measles. Of 57 cases in which
typhus or common fever was fatal 19 occurred in the
eastern division of London. A case of typhus, in
Johnson-street, Somers Tows, Wag, in the opinion of
the medical attendant, caused or much aggravated by
stench from a gully-hole, and by the exposure for ,six
hours in the street of the contents of a sewer. There
were only 4 deaths from small-pox. There were 2
from carbuncle, 12 from want of breastmilk or inanition,
one from privation, and one from intemperance.
Last week the births of 811 boys and 767 girls—in all
1,578 children, were registered in London. In the ten
corresponding weeks of the years 1846-55, the average
number was 1,440. _ .

At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 30.025 in. The
mean was above 30 in. on four days. The highest read-
ing occurred on Friday, and was 30.15 in. The mean
temperature of the week was 42.3 deg., which is very
near the average of the same week in 38 years (as de-
termined by Mr. Glaisber). The daily mean tempera-
ture was above the average on the last three days, and
on Saturday the excess was 80 deg. The highest read-
ing in the week occurred on Saturday, and was 52.6 deg.
The lowest was 23.8 deg., and occurred on Monday.
The entire range of the week was, therefore, 28.8 deg.
The mean dew-point temperature was 40.1 deg., and
the difference between this and the mean air temperature
was only 2.2 deg. The mean temperature of the water
of the Thames was 42.4 deg. On the last four days the
wind blew generally from the north-west. Rain to the
amount of 0.15 in. fell on Wednesday.

MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED
IN THE WEEK ENDING SATDRDAY, NOV. 22
Zymotic Diseases
Diseases of Uncertain Seat
Tubercular Diseases ... 2OB
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves and Senses
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 53
Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of
Respiration _ . 328
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c.
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c.
Malformations ._. 4
Premature Birth and Debility 27

. 58
10

Atrophy 4O
Old Age . ... 54
Iludden l3
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 4O
Causes not specified

DEATHS PROM ALL CAID3E3
Population Deaths in corre- ' Deati s
Enumerated. sponding week in the
1851. of 1855. Week.
West Districts
North Districts 490,396
Central Districts 393,256
East Districts 485,522
South Districts
--.- -
Totals

Males
Fsmales

THE 111-PROVEMENTS JAAITS'S

PARK.

Nothing seemed easier than to drain the water from
the lake in St. James's-park, and to level it. The public
thought that it would be but a work of a few weeks, and
entail a cost of a few hundreds of pounds. Such, how-
ever, was not the opinion of the Commissioners of Works,
who foresaw that it would be a work of considerable
difficulty, labour, and expense, and the estimates
were drawn up accordingly. But, with all this foresight,
even they were not prepared for the difficulties that bave
arisen—difficulties which will necessarily delay the work,
and increase the cost still more ; but then the work will
be done thoroughly, and the park in a year cr two,
pretty as it now is, will scarcely be recognised, should
the improvements iu progress turn out as anticipated.
It must have been noticed by the frequenters of the
park that on the approach of dusk the park was gene-
rally covered by a fog, which seemed to rise in clouda
from the ground, thus rendering the locality far from
healthy. It was therefore determined that whilst the
lake was being cleaned out and levelled the whole of the
enclosure should be drained. This appeared but a simple
operation ; but soon after the works commenced springs
of such bulk were tapped that it was found the ordi-
nary pipes were not of sufficient dimensions to carry
the water off. These springs heretofore were wont to
percolate through the subsoil into the lake, rendering
the ground constantly damp and unfavourable to vege-
tation. To obviate this they are now proposed to
be carried by pipes into the new sewer, which has
been constructed from the lake to the Victoria Sewer.
Some of these drains have already been completed, and
the water flows through at a surprising rate. The fog of
St. James's-park is thus satisfactorily accounted for, and
likely to be remedied.
This, however, is not the only difficulty. A consider-
able portion of the bed of the lake, nearest the Horse
Guards, was found to be of a level some feet below the
outlet into the new sewer. This was known at the time
the sewer was constructed, and it would have been made
at a greater depth had it not been found that there would
not be a sufficient fall to carry the water into the main
sewer. The mass of the water was drained off satisfac-
torily enough, but that which comes from the springs
oollects in such quantities below the level of the sewer
as to impede the operation of drying the mud, and level-
ling the bottom. Under these circumstances the only
remedy appears to be that of erecting a steam pump,
which will lift the water into the sewer. This will,
of course, materially increase the expense, but at the
same time the public will readily agree that it would
have been false economy when once the work was com-
menced not to do it thoroughly. The park has always
been regarded with admiration, but still the stunted ap-
pearance of the shrubs has generally been remarked.
This was usually attributed to the smoke, but practical
gardeners now assert tbat it arose from the wetness of
the subsoil, which cankered and rotted the roots. When
once, then, these drainage works are completed, a great
change for the better may be looked for. In order, how-
ever, to make the park as attractive as possible, it is
intended next spring to commence stocking it with hall
hardy plants, such as geraniums, calcaolarias, verbenas,
and petunias, which will give it the appearance rather
of a gentleman's pleasure garden than a public park. The
expense will be very trifling, as these flowers are easily
propagated, and can be kept through the winter with
very little trouble in pits, which will have to be male
in various parts of the park, hidden by the shrubs.
The foundation of the new foot bridge will be laid early
next year; it• is of elegant design, and will be only so
high above the level of the water as to psreait of boats
passing under it.
The new road from Pall-mall to Buckingham gate ap-
pears to give great satisfaction ; but still the short-
sighted policy of the House of Commons, which refused
to sanction the pulling down of the German Chapel, is
generally condemned, and, notwithstanding the previous
decision of Parliament, it will eventually have to be re-
moved, as it is only an eye-sore, but renders the road
for foot passengers positively dangerous. It will indeed
be a matter of surprise if those members who opposed
the removal of the chapel when the design was merely
on paper, will not on their return to town be the most
clamorous for having the unsightly obstruction removed.
It is feared, frem the difficulties that have arisen in the
improvement of the enclosure, that all the works will
not be completed until the month of May is far ad-
vanced. Great exertions, however, will be made to
push them on, se that sufficient time will be allowed to
get in the new shrubs and flowers.
One of the greatest improvements yet effected, and
which recommends itself practically to the thousands
who pass through the park, is the capital paving intro-
duced on the pathway along Birdcage-walk. It is now
thoroughly paved, and at such an inclination that after
the most violent rain it becomes dry in a few minutes.
The cost was considerable, but it is more than justified
by the result. As soon as the works ie. St. Jatnes's•park
are completed operations will be commenced on a similar
plan on the Serpentine, and then these two parks will
be unsurpassed by any in Europe.

FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—LIVERPOOL, Nev. 25.--
The up night train of the London and North-Western
Railway from Preston ran off the line at Winnick Key,
near Warrington, last night. The fireman was killed,
the engineer was seriously injured, and the engine was
much damaged, but none of the passengers were hurt.
SUPPOSED Loss OF A SCOTCH STEAMER.—Last week
a male of frightful violence passed over the German Ocean,
the effects of which we fear will be felt by many a family.
It blew with so much fury that nearly every steamer
belonging to the port of Leith was compel'ed to run
for shlter to the easiest made havens. On Friday it
began to moderate, and, as might naturally he ex-
pected, the inhabitants of Leith were all anxiety for
for the arrival of the steamers, 10 of them being a
week overdue. On Saturday or Sunday all these got
up, with the exci ption of one—the Roslyn—a fine new
screw steamer, lately buil by a celebrated firm at Glas-
gow, which port she left on the 24th of October for
Stettin. Ail went well with her—indeed her sail-
ing and steaming qualities were considered first-rate,
and on the whole she may be said to have made a
crack run to the port of Stettin. On her arrival there
Ihe chief engineer, Mr. M'Naughton, was seized with
inflammation in the lungs, and died after intense suffer-
ing. She left (with a cargo chiefly grain) for Leith on
Saturday, the Bth November, and was consequently due
on the 12th ; and, as it was known in the town that Mr.
M‘Naughton's remains were on board of her, many felt
anxious to show the last tribute of respect to the memory
of one who was so highly esteemed by them. Day after
day has come and gone and brought no intelligence of this
splendid ship. On the arrival of the Dunedin from thesame
port inquiries were anxiously made about the Roslyn ; but
all that Capt. Whyte could say was that she left four days
previous to his sailing, and that all seemed to be in good
spirits that were on board, and that she should have
been with the owners on the 12th, the same day that the
Dunedin lett Stettin, and that on their voyage they had
seen no vessel but the steamer Alice from Cronstadt
to Leith, which they thought had been obliged to
run back from the stets of the weather. Two schooners
have since arrived ; the captain of one of these reports
himself as having sailed the same tide with the Roslyn
from Elsinore. At the time the steemer passed him she
was going very fast, and bidding fair to make a prosper-
ous run. The Roslyn was built by Messrs. Barclay and
Curie, of Glasgow. She was of about 700 tons burden,
and was fitted up with all tee latest irnprosements. She
was, for this voyage, under the direction of Captain
Cook, commodore of the company's flue fleet of steamers,
who, if we mistake not, was one of the largest share.
holders of the Hull and Hamburg Steam Shipping Com-
pany. He was assisted by another of the company's
masters, who was probably intended to be the future
commander R
of what,
; fo
what, wert
fear,i may now be said to be
the ill-fated seems
now to be but hoping
against hope to think of her welfare, though there
is still a possibility of one of the surmises which is
talked about in town being a likely enough occurrence.
It is that, as the steamer was new, with her machinery
just out of the engineers' hands, it would almost to a
certainty not work smoothly—some portion would be
stiff, and, from the effect of the cross seas, something
might give way, when she would be forced to run before
the sea, and Abet if so she might be about Norway,
whence communication is not easily attained. We trust
that there may be truth in this, and that ere another
tide the Ro s Iyn
e' sfhoopoe aloud in our roads, the
naY
termination of her maiden voyage.
announcement gunthe
The Alice steamer arrived this mornine• et Leith, having
been forced back to Elsinore by the fury of the tempest.
Her captain reports the whole coast as being Wean with
portions of vessels, having seen no less than about 30
wrecks, but brings no tidings of the steamer Roslyn,
which only increases our suspicions as to her fate. We
understand that the crew of the Roslyn were all married,
and chiefly natives of the west of Scotland, having been
engaged at Glasgow to trade between Leith and Stettir.
; indeed the utmost uneasiness prevails
Tneir families, who reside in Leith, are in a frightful
state ofsuspense
among all the inhabitants of the port. We believe that
she is, if not fully, at least partially insured.—North.
Briton of Saturday.
[ADVEraIB""T.] SIORT ASP HEARING SPECTACLES,
rOWERFI7L I'ELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVE
GLASSES.—Messrs. S. and B. Solornons, opticians, 39, Alla:-
marle-street, Piccadilly. Obse,eve—opposite the York Hotel.
By ker Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and
extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and
brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per-
spective Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes
possess such extraordinary powers that some three and a-half
inches, with an extra eye-piece, ail show distinctly Jupiter's
moons, Saturn's ring,
and the double stars. With the same
telescope can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a
half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of
larger and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly.—The
Royal Exhibition, 1851. Valuable,nowly-invented,very small,
powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by whico
a person can be seen and known 1i miles distant ; they answer
every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses,
They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to
and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles.
country scenery,
sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, 'and tourists. Opera,
race-comics, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderfu.
power. Newly-constreete,d Spectacle Lenses of the great-
est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived
from this invention is that vision becoming impaired is
preserved and strengtiened, and very aged persons are
enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occu-
pation— can see with these lenses of a much less magnif.
y
ing power—and they do not require the frequent changes
to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance.
Persons'can be suited at the most remote part of the world,
by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a
letter, and stating the distance from the eyes they can read
small newspaper print with it; and those who have
not made use of spectacles by stating their age. Deaf-
ness. New Discovery. The Organic Vibrator, an ex-
traordinary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for
deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass any.
thing of the kind that has been, or probably ever can be,
produced. Being of the !same colour as the skin, is not per-
and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing
oeptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church
noises in the oars is entirely removed; and it affords all the
assistance that possibly could be desired.-39, Albemarle.
street, Piccadilly. Obaerve--opposite the York Hotel,

THE NEW LAW APPOINTMENTS,

The new Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Sir Alex-
ander Cockburn, late the Attorney-General, has now taken
his seat. It is rather remarkable that since the establish-
ment of the civil law classes at Cambridge, in 1815, Dr.

Bayford and Sir Alexander Cockburn, who graduated as
first and second LL.B.'s in the same year (1825), are the

only two men whose legal success has entitled them to a
foot-note in the calendar. Four years after Sir Alexander
was called to the bar, and first distinguished himself be-
fore a Parliamentary committee within the first three or
four years of his Quarter Sessions life. Having once made
a start, it barely took him 12 years in all to become a leader
among the Western silks, and in 1814 his quickness and
powers of oratory were so proverbial, that ho led for plain-
tiff against Sir F. Thesiger, who had Lord G. Bentinck at
his elbow throughout, in the great Running Rein case. He
reached the acme of Parliamentary and political success in
1850, when the Ministry required some one to state the
legal bearings of the Don Pacifico question to the house. The

present Mr. Justice Crowder was, it is said, applied to, but
the job did not snit his quiettemperament, and ho declined.

This more ambitious circuit junior, who had hitherto been

a mere lounger at Bellamy's, dashed at the opening, and
his celebrated Cherokee speech was the result. For bril-
liancy, power, and lucid arrangement it has raiely been

equalled, and the only drawback to it was the mani-
fest annoyance he displayed at the taunt, "Let us at
least get out of Nisi Prins," with which Sir James Gra-
ham, bored with the dull speeches of five lawyers, Page
Wcod, Thesiger, aid Co., had commenced his equally

famed harangue against Lord Palmerston. So important
was Sir Alexander's speech felt to be, that Sir Robert Peel

devoted his last effort almost solely to answer him ; but Sir
Alexander saved Lord Palmerston, and his lordship has
never forgotten him. The Solicitor-Generalship became
his guerdon before another month passed over ; and the
tide of permanent success set in, and special 300 guinea
retainers flowed in. His first great effort after his appoint-
ment was at Stafford, on the Bainbridge will case, when

he painted the madness and eccentricity of the aged codi-
cil maker with a power that overbore all opposition. His
four hours' cross-examination of Achille was also a won-
drous display of subtlety ; and he fairly won over the once
hostila Liverpool, and carried all their sympathies along
with him in the overwhelming reply which decided the
Llopwood case, in spite of the summing up, and fairly
broke Earl Sefton's heart. His statement and reply in the
Palmer case were so masterly that he did well to retire
when he (lid, and leave them as his model for style, elocu-
tion, and tact to the bar. Attorneys might well observe
that his mere statement of a case was well worth all the
arguments of any other man. As a judge, not much is ex-
pected from him; but still we trust to see him as Lord
Langton (the prospective title assigned to him) holding his
own against Lord Derby in the House of Lords.
The replacing of Baron Platt, after his seven years' ser-
vices, by Mr. Watson, will rather add to than diminish the
efficiency of the Exchequer Court. Mr. Watson has been
the unluckiest of men, and must have learnt utterly not to
put his trust in Premiers. In 1840 he lost the Solicitor-
Generalship against Sir David Dundas, by one vote in the
Cabinet. The latter did not prove strong enough for the
place, and was offered, on his retirement, a clerkship to the
110112,0 of Commons, which ho declined, as he considered it
hardly compatible with are position he had once filled in
the Cabinet. Mr. Watson gave up Kinsale to suit the Go-
vernment, but no reward came. Having no seat in the
House from 1347 to 1851, he saw Sir John Romilly, Sir
Alexander Cockburn, Sir W. Page Wood, and Sir Richard
Bothell, become Solicitor-Generals in their turn, and even
Mr. Crompton, one of the stuffs of his own circuit, passed
over his head to the Queen's Bench, because Lord Chan-
cellor Wilde (reckoning, as it turned out, within his host)
wanted to get the Passage Court at Liverpool, which ho
held for his own son ! Barons Bramwell and Martin, and
Justices Willes and Crowder were also preferred before
him, but after a ton years' wait Troy was taken, and ho
was invested with the ermine, amid the universal accla-
mation of the whole legal profession. A more conscien-
tious, courteous, and experienced lawyer it would be diffi-
cult to find. As a speaker, however, he failed, owing to
his vehemence on every subject, however unimportant,
and he had only the fifth business among the silks on the
Northern Circuit.
Sir Richard Bothell, the Attorney-General, is far away
the most successful lawyer of the clay, a:: far as fees are
concerned. It is said, iu fact, that ho clears occasionally
20,0001. per annum, of which about 5,0001. comes from one
great firm in Bedford-row. We doubt whether any bar-
rister has made so much since Lord Campbell, and his
power of getting large fees was so notorious that Lord
Brougham said once of him, "If Campbell had been a
singer or an opera dancer he wouldn't have been the best
stager or the best opera dancer, but trust him for getting
the largest salary." At 18, Sir• Richard was a first class in
classics at Oxford, and his career since then has been one
of the most unresting diligence, rising, it is said, often by
four o'clock, lighting his own study fire, and preparing by
the light of a lamp for the work of the courts. The princi-
pal fault which sJlicitors find with him is that his intellect
is almost too fertile. Owing to his mincing manner, he is
perfectly ineffective in the house, and his unguarded state-
ment as to the careless way in which appeals were heard
in the House of Lords brought Lord Sugden (who always
lies in wait for him) on to him with crushing effect.—
Morning Chronicle.

THE RIVINGTON PIKE WATER AT
LIVE.RFOOL.

The long-expected Pike water has at length made its ap.
poarance at the threshold of Liverpool, and will ere long
constitute the lifeblood of the town, as it courses through
its thousand channels, and reaches the most distant mem -
ber of the community. A few days ago the pipes along
the whole line from Rivington to Prescot were charged
with the full pressure, and the experiment was unattended
with the slightest accident ; and on Friday the Piko water
was admitted into tho pipes as far as the Old Swan, with
au equally satisfactory result. The battle between air and
water created a turbulent strife in the huge pipes. The
denser body quickly conquered, and drove the previous
occupant of the tube before it with a noise rivalling the
dub-a-dub-dub" of a thousand drums. At intervals the
air rushed panting through the holes, which bad been pre-
pared for its escape, with a force that suggested to an en-
thusiastic ablermanic pro-Pikeist the uncharitable wish
that a certain pertinacious aldermanic anti-Pikeist had
been seated over one of them • "for in that case," he added,
" he would have been blown 40 feet high in the air, and
we should have heard no more of him in the council, ex-
cept in the shape of a letter of condolence to hiS widow."
It is understood that as soon as the Prescot reservoirs are
full the water will be forwarded to Liverpool. This may,
therefore, be expected daily, although the supply will not
be continued to the service pipes until the main pipe line
has been thoroughly cleansed and scoured. The testing of
the mains is one of the most triumphant pieces of hydrau-
lic. engineering extant. We never doubted the success of
the enterprise.
The Rivington district has long been considered favour-
able to the formation of extensivereservoirs. At an eleva-
tion of more than 1,500 feet above the level of the_ soeuatri2s4e
a
hills of grey gritstone, distant from Liverpool b
miles, and approached by conveyance
nary by the way is mountainous and beautiful, partaking
more of the characteristics of the Highlands than any other
of the pretty
part of the country. In the neighbourhoodin extent,
village of Belmont deep valleys, several miles
venerable •
swept along the bases of huge hills, whose
hßsmes
from Bolton. The s.ce-
a clad with heath. The rivers of Roddles wort and ake-
brrenok refreshed the thirsty soil, and, with the large sup-
plies of rainfall which in periodic seasons flowed down the
hill sides in generous streams, supplied the uumerous small
reservoirs in the ne'ghbourhood, which furnished the mo-
tive powers to the many mills and works which are dotted
iu every direction in the broad landscape, and also sup-
plied the neighbouring towns.
Twelve years ago the question Qf the watersupply for the
rapidly increasing population of Liverpool began to move
men's minds. Mr. Thomas Hawkesley, one of the most
•
scientific water engineers of the day, having made himself
acquainted with the natural advantages of Rivington as a
storage ground for water, and perceiving that these valleys
had been so formed that an adaptation of embankments
would transform them into magnificent reservoirs or lakes,
brought under the notice of the corporation the scheme
which is now near completion, after being diligently pro.
secuted through good report and ill report, since the year
1817, when the corporation of Liverpool obtained powers
from Parliament to construct waterworks, and to purchase
which impound the waters of the rivers of
from the then water companies their works. In one valley
and receive the rainfall from the watershed
amountspro probable grounds in their vicinity. The surplus w ter,
Mr. Hawkesley formed the Roddlesworth and Rakebrook
1 of ten feet, flows down a goit or canal extend-
ree miles along the hillside to the lower storage
svaet oonf
which water t
itsoßnhrbegoogseveaaeerbt vnhoaoaeui
Ire
ltrei ;no,
three
reservoirs of Anglezark and Rivington, the remainder Win
retained in store for compensation, to be given out down
the river Roddlesworth, as required by act of Parliament.
580h0p, Op 01
y 0
remaining at the dispose. of the corporation is 13000,000
gals, per day, as calculated by Robert Stephenson; and
nothiug has yet transpired to invalidate that
,coexmcpluensi
statement.
The eoitr eceives, in its course along the base of the hills,
large bodies of spring and rain water from several thousand
gallonsTh e quantity
per di
diem,
acres of land. The sof wild ancenery along the goit isa ,
d
in some places, precipitous character, anti
sons the streams rush. down the in the wet
ravinessea-
and waterbeds
with overwhelming force, materially increasing the sur-
plus supply from the Rakebrook and Roddleeworth reser- I
voirs. The water thus obtained
of it wil
l supply lbe conveyed to Liver-
pool, and some
the h. •
s ipping in the port,
and be conveyed to all parts of the world.
We may here repeat the areas and contents of the re-
servoirs :

iio- cidlesworth and 1
Rakobrook ...... f 50 acres.
Anglezark and 1
Rivington ...... 450 t,

200,000,000 gallons.

2,800,0:0,000 ~

-----
In a 11......... 500 acres and 3,000,000,400 gallons.
or a supply for four months to a population double that of
Liverpool at this time.
Tke watershed, in round numbers, is 10,000 cares; the
rain falls upwards of 50 inches per annum
_. and the under-
taking will be completed for about 600,000/.; 80 that, after
all that has been said about the cost of these works, they
will be finished at a sum approaching nearer to the eri-
ginal estimate than works of similar magnitude and diffi-
culty,

Mr. Hawkesley, whose genius created the scheme, and
whose skill has brought it to fruition, will receive his best
award in the blessings the Rivingten water will confer
upon Liverpool, when its population exceeds a million of
people. The 8,000/. he will receive when the works are
completed will no make him by any means overpaid, when
we consider the gigantic nature of the scheme, the atten-
tion and care its development must have occasioned, the
watchfulness it has required, the responsibility it has im-
posed, and the length of time over which it extends. Mr.

Hawkesley is all the better for being a self-made man.
Though descended from a stern old Jacobin Mayor of Not-
tingham, of the same name, who was committed to the
Hous3 of Correction by his brother magistrates, during
his term of office, for having, on his bare knees, in his
own house, drunk "Success to the Pretender," Mr.
Hawkesley has achieved his present proud position by his
own talent and energy, having had no ettraordinary aid
in his younger days to help him on the road to fortune.—
Liverpool Albion.

From the London Gazette of Night.

WHITEHALL, Nov. 24.
The Queen has been pleased to constitute and appoirit
the Rev. Francis Close, AI.A., to be Dean of the Cathedral
Church of Carlisle, void by the promotion of Doctor Ar-
chibald Campbell Tait, late Dean thereof, to the Bishopric
of London.

CROWN-OFFICE, Nov. 21.
Days and Places appointed for holding Special Commis-
sion of Oyer and Terminer and Gaol Delivery, for the
undermentioned places :
Cheshire, Wednesday. Dec. 3, at the Castle of Chester.
Southampton, Saturday, Nov. 29, at the Castle of Win
chtr.
Wiltshire Friday, Dec. 5, at New Sarum.
Somerseahire, Monday, Dec. 8, at the Castle of Taun-
ton.

Devonshire, Thursday, Dec. 11, at the Castle of Exeter.
City of Exeter, the same day, at the Guildhall of the
said city.
Northumberland, Monday, Dec. 1, at the Castle of New-
castle-upon-Tyne.
Town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the same day, at the
Guildhall of the said town.
Durham, Wednesday, Dec. 3, at the Castle of Durham.
Yorkshire, Saturday, Dec. 6, at the Castle of York.
City of York, the same day, at the Guildhall of the
said city.
Northamptonshire,
Glamorganshire, Monday, Dec. I, at Cardiff.
Gloucestershire, Thursday, Dec. 4, at Gloucester.
City of Gloucester, the same day, at the city of Glou-
cester.
Essex, Thursday, Dee. 11, at Chelmsford.
Kent, Monday, Dec. 15, at Maidstone.
Sussex, Monday, Dec. 22, at Lewes.
Staffordshire, Monday, Deo. 1, at Stafford.
Shropshire, Monday, Dec. 8, at Shrewsbury.
. Herefordshire, Wednesday, Dec. 10, at Hereford.
Worcestershire, Saturday, Dec. 13, at Worcester.
City of Worcester, the same day, at the city of Wor.
center.
Oxfordshire, Wednesday, Dec. 17, at Oxford.
HOME-OFFICE, Nov. 22.

The Warwickshire Reformatory Institution, at Weston-
under-Weatherley, near Leamington, in the county of
Warwick, has been certified by the Secretary of State as
fit to be a Reformatory School, under the provisions of the
statute 17 and 18 Victoria, cap. BG.