The Sun.
London, England, 1869-11-03 00:00:00

TFIE SUN, _LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, INOVEMBER 3, E 69.

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THEATRE-ROYAL DRURY-LANE.
dole Lessee and Manager, Mr. F. R. Chatterton.
THIS EVENING, at 7, BELLES OF THE KITCHEN. At S,
FORMOSA : Messrs. Barrett, H Irving, David Fisher, Brittain,
Wright, John Rouse: Mrs Billington, Misses M. Brennan, Mac-
donald. and Katharine Rodgers. Conclude with BORROWED
PLUMES,

The President adding—" The suffrage of the nation
and the oath I have just taken will guide my future
conduct. My duty is dearly marked out. I will
fulfil it as a man of hocoir. I shall regard as foes
to their country all who v►ould attempt to change by
illegal means that which the whole of France has
established." Fourthly, "Three years later, on the
2d December, 1851, the Legislative Assembly was
violently dissolved. All the representatives devoted
to the Republic were incarcerated, and the following
document was posted all over Paris :—" The President
of the Republic decrees—Art. 1. The National
Assembly is dissolved. Art. 2. Universal suffrage
is re-established ; the law of May 31 is abrogated.
Art. 3. The French people are summoned to assemble
in its comitire from December 14 to December 21.
Art. 4. Martial law is proclaimed throughout the
first military division.—Done at the Palace of the
Elysee, December 2, 1851." The whole signed
with the name of the PRESIDENT. Fifthly, "On
the 3d of December the Minister of War issued
the following order, unexampled in the history of
our civil wars :—' Any individual caught in arms, or
constructing or defending a barricade, shall be shot.—
The General of Division, Minister of War, D. S XINT-
AIINAUD.' While, Sixthly and lastly, on the 4th
December the Prefect of Police issued another pro-
clamation to the effect—' People on foot must not
remain stationary in the streets. Any groups
found on the public throughfares will be dispersed by
force without any preliminary summons. Let peace-
ful citizens remain at home. There would be serious
danger in attempting to interfere with the disposi-
tions that have been taken.—DE " Such
in the midst of the preparing transformation of
the EMPEROR'S regime from a Despotism into a
Constitutional Government—such is the summing
up of the ultra democratic indictment levelled
against him ! The journal containing all this is for
sale publicly in the streets of Paris, at the kiosks
studded along the boulevards ! And they say that
they have not, or, at any rate, some people imagine
that they have not, liberty of the Press under the
Imperial rule of a NAPOLEON !

THE disclosures respecting the condition of the Indian
finances are very remarkable and very unsatisfactory.
Although there is a Minister appointed expressly to
deal with the accounts of our Eastern Empire, and
although the present Minister has spent nearly
all his life in the public service of that country,
there has been blunder upon blunder, and
a large deficit is now staring us in the
face. Of course an equilibrium can be re-established.
India is not so heavily taxed but what it is able to
bear fresh taxation ; the Indian military and civil
establishments are not so economically managed but
what there is room for reduction of expenditure. A.
little self-denial now will enable the country to right
itself. Unfortunately, it does not appear that
Indians are prepared to exercise this virtue to
any large extent. The Indian Government has given
notice that it intends to reduce the expenditure upon
the public works. This decision, we trust, is not
final. It would be most unwise. India is a country
of enormous population, without proper means of
transit, and liable to frequent famines. Roads would
place the cotton-planters in a position to compete
successfully with those of Egypt and even the United
States ; railroads would double our military strength,
by facilitating the transport of troops from one part
of India to another ; works of irrigation would
render possible the storage of the tropical
rains which now devastate the country with
floods, and then, passing off, leave it exposed to
drought. To delay such works as these is simply to
throw away money, and, far worse, to sacrifice life.
Every architect knows that he builds most cheaply
who builds most quickly, that he who lays out all his
money in a few months will get a return sooner
than he who spreads the expenditure over
years. Yet what is the policy of the
Indian Government ? Even before it was
resolved to reduce the expenditure upon public
works it was determined to spend twenty years in
constructing what is called the " missing link," the
line that is to connect Delhi ss ich Ulu 30111clo Railivny,
although the engineers wanted but six years to com-
plete it. At the same time that there is this unwise
parsimony there is most unwise extravagance.
Recently the Indian Government determined to
make railways for itself, and imported a large
staff of engineers and employes to construct the lino to
Peshawur. Yet though they have been out for six
months and their salaries have been incurred through-
out that time, not a sod has been turned. As for the
works of irrigation, it seems nothing less than
criminal to delay these, remembering the famine in
Orissa, and the dearth which has prevailed throughout
--West provinces.
theTphreerseeit
isi oyneearmion threaesiNleocrttohf
Indian finance which
needs comment. It is the moral aspect. The Indian
Government does almost nothing for the religious
training of its lower-class employes. A well-informed
correspondent and eye-witness of the facts writes,
that near the station at Lahore there is a colony of
people, belonging to the railway, and consisting of
engine-drivers, plate-layers, and labourers, and
living in a state of the worst drunkenness, degra-
dation, and heathenism. The shareholders in England
refuse to pay anything towards a chaplain for these
people, and the Government does not take notice of
and the missionaries who attempt
them. Thus neglected, they are a standing reproach
to our Christianity,
to convert the native Indians are met with the taunt
that Englishmen can have little faith in their religion
if they allow their own people to grow up without
either chaplain or schoolmaster. Then, again, there
is the accursed opium traffic which we make one of the
sources of our income. This impost is not only
immoral ;it is also uncertain. The revenue from it
can never he estimated beforehand within 50 per
cent. The duty may bring in six millions or nine, and
thus Indian finance is always uncertain. When will
Indians have the courage to surrender a tax which is
as capricious as it is inhuman ?

WE have not yet come to the end of railways. St.
Andrew's Day will probably witness a goodly number
of plans and sections deposited in Parliament-street,
even though the money market is so dull and public
confidence is all but annihilated. Mr. FAlnmE's
invention is probably destined to produce most
important results. These
we will not attempt to
estimate on the present occasion. We wish
rather to point out the advantages which may be
derived from the adoption of a
principle hitherto new
to railway finance: That principle may be stated in
four words-words-=" N line, no eat," In Other Wordeli
landoWileii who wish to have a line in their neigh-
bourhood, and who are willing to subscribe for the
hut who are net willing construction of it, to put their
money into the pockets of engineers and barristers
without any result, may undertake to take shares in the
line when it is made, anti on the understanding that
they shall be in no way revonsible until then. For
instance, supposing a branch line Qf Jour 91 ITC' male.*has to be made, in order to bring' dertain property
within roach of railway accommodation, the cost
would be from twenty to twenty-five thousand
pounda, and the works could be constructed
in six, nine, or twelve months, as the MO rilay
be. The landowners would make a provisional
contract to take shares at
par as Soon as
the line is opened, The directors would take these
subscription contracts +
completion
pledgeos!,
fin me etnritiany, dnd borrow O. snfileient stet -id curry
sue
a: d the
(At klii WOWS. The inoney would be advanced in
.0 ft local bank or a London
instalments on the engineer's certificate. On the
theirworksbatnte Itbspecornitipeariinw.voulii redeem
would have
the funds free to lend for the completion of the
next section of line that may need similar help,
Mow far the landowners could. • ly engage
matter is easily ascertained. wise; in the
Supposing a belt of land
two miles on each side of
acretheby line to be increased in
value half-a-crown an
line, there would be on each . the formation of the
five-mile section an
acreage of 12,800 acres, whose value would be thus
jammed to the amount of 004 £1,600 a year,