The Sun.
London, England, 1856-07-22 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, J ULY 22, 1856.

WIDOW LADY, possessing a thorough
knowledge of Domestic 'Management, is desirous of ob'aining
an Engagement as Companion to a Lady, or to superintend the
family of a Widower; or she would undertake the household arrange-
ments of an elderly or invalid Lady or Gentleman.— kddrels, C. G.,
Mr. Powell's, 4, Trinity-street, Blackheath-hill, Blackheath.

NOTICE OF DIVIDEND.
BANK of DEPOSIT, No. 3, Pall-mall East

London.
The WARRANTS for the HALF-YEARLY INTEREST, at th,
rate of 5 per cent. per annum, on Deposit Accounts, to the 30th June
are ready for delivery, and Payable daily between the hours of
and 4. If

PETER MORRISON, Managing Director.

10th July, 1856,
Pr si eci uqes and Forms for opening Investment Accounts SENT
FREE on applicaticn.

TO ASSURANCE COMPANIES.—An esta-
blished Insurance Company, with an income of 40,000/. n
year, is desirous of meeting with a kindred'effic•e in London or the
provinces, wills or without T,re, which is capable of amalgamation
or sale on terms of a character liberal enough to prove highly ad-
vantageous to the amalgamating Company. Application., by letter
only, to A. It., Messrs. Cockshaw and Yates, printers, llorse•shoe-
court, Ludgate-hill, London.

IMF HOWARD„Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet-
strect. has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI-
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crfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from
he original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or
teeny, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used.
This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful
,peration, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is
zuatanteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth
rendered sound and useful in mastication.-32, Fleet-street. At
home from ten till five.

21 20 MILNERS' HOLDFAST and FIRE-
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THE STRONGEST. BEST, AND CHEAPEST SAFEGUARD EXTANT.
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IT you are Bald, or your Hair is Thin, pray use
ALEX. ROSS'S C tNTHARIDES OIL, which causes the
Hair to grow on bald places, produces luxuriant Whiskers and Mous-
tachlos ; it has been approved of by the highest authority, and is most
beneficial in all cases of thin hair. Sold from 3s 6d. ; forwarded for
stamps, sent free, twelve extra. ALEX. ROSS'S CHARGES for
Dyeing the Hair permanently a light brown, dark brown, or black--
whiskers from Is., gentlemen's hair from 55., ladies' from 7q. Gd. The
dye being a clear liquid it is simply necessary to damp the hair with
a comb or brush, when a perfect colour is produced without injury to
the skin. Sold from 3s. 4d. ; sent free for 54 stamps. HAIR
DESTROYER, a depilatory for removing effectually Superfluous
Hair from the Face, Neck, Arms, and Hands, without injuring the
skin. A. R. will warrant it not to injure the skin in the smallest
degree, and the hair to be entirely destroyed.—Sold from 3s. 6d.;
forwarded for stamps, free by post, eight extra. A. Ross, No, 1,
Little Queen-street, High Holborn.

''LOSE OP THE SOUND DUES INQUIRY.

The inquiry presided over by Mr. Villiers has now
ilosed, the committee ha7ing met on Friday to consider
.heir report, which, as there is great unanimity of opi-
Ilion among its members, will probably be agreed to at
their next meeting (to-nog-ow), and presented to the
house. The general concurrence of opinion among. the
witnesses considerably lessens the difficulty of arriving
it conclusions and suggesting remedies. It was not
thin the scope of the, inquiry so consider the-right
elaimed by Denmark to levy these dues, which have
oeen imposed from time. immemorial, and are paid in
virtue of treatits concluded with the different States of
Europe. The committee have limited themselves strictly
to the operation of the dues upon the trade and shipping
of this country, and the means by which they might be
got rid of in a manner consistent alike with the national
honour and interests. As to the injurious operation of
these dues, all the witnesses have agreed, both as to
its extent and effects. The attendant evils are greater
than that of the impost itself, and arise partly from the
mode in which the dues are collected, and partly from
she rate at which they are levied. The stoppage of
vessels at Elsinore, the losses and inconvenience which
their detention there causes to theowners, and the absence
of any means by which the charges of the clearing agents
can be checked, have been testified to by every witness
who has been examined. The grievances which arise out
of the rates at which the dues are levied on the cargoes—
the largest portion of the dues, and levied avo wed'y for the
purpose of Danish revenue--h we been as fertile a source
of complaint on the part Of merchants. The dues are
levied unequally, and are, therefore, the more oppres-
sively felt ; while Denmark has not, in this case, as in
that of the Light Dues, the plea elf reiiaving eerviesain
return.- ,The treaty of 1841 does not appear to have
done much to mitigate the causes of complaint which
then existed ; and as our commercial intercourse with
the Baltic States increase', the exaction will become,
year by year, more intolerable. In the revision of the
dues which took place under the Treaty of London,
those leviable on the article enumerated in the tariff do
not appear to have been adjusted to the value of the
goods at that period ; and owing to the difference which
has taken place in the last 200 years in the cost of pro-
duction, the dues have now no certain relation to the
real value. It seems doubtful, indeed, whether, by the
Treaty of Constantinople, concluded between Danmark
-aid Holland in 164, and acceded to by England in
1670, an ad valorem duty was ever intended to be levied
on the enumerated articles, though the unenumerated
were to be so rated. One per cent, is regarded as the
rate at which the ad valorem duties should be levied,
but the evidence shows that upon many articles, as sugar,
coffee, spices, cotton, salt, saltpetre, sulphur, iron, rica,
shumac, and wines, the duty actually levied is consider-
ably more. A witness from Liverpool, Mr. Higgen,
who manufactures and exports to the Baltic large quan-
tities of salt, says that the. duty now levied on that
article is 12 per cent, upon its present value, and the
trade is cramped and limited by the operation of
such a heavy impost. The general feeling among ship-
owners and merchants is so strong against these dues,
and they have been proved to be so injurious to the
commerce of this country, that the committee will have
no difficulty in condemning them, and urging 'upon the
Rouse of Commons the desirability of their abolition.
The evil is one which must increase in extent with every
extension of our Baltic trade, for the geographical posi-
tion of Denmark gives her the command of every means
of access to the Baltic, except the Trolhatta Canal,
which will not admit vessels of the averag,e size of those
employed in that trade. Steamers of light draught ma-
nage to make their way from Gottenburg to Stockholm,
but vessels of 200 tons are unable to do so. While the
right of Denmark to levy these tolls is allowed, there-
fore, the can always protect them by imposing duties

_ . upon goods carried through her territory -by any route
whatever. That she is determined to do so is evident
from the imposition of duties on goods carried over the
Hamburg and Lubeck Railway, as soon as that line was
opened fir traffic. The exemption enjoyed by the
Danish Railway, and which enables the North of Europe
Steam Navigation Company to forward goods to the
Baltic without payment of dues, arises from the fact of

its being royal property. In any negotiations that may
be entered into for the abolition of the Sound dues, :All
equivalents, such as the toll levied on the Hamburg and
Lubeck Railway, should be considered, and free transit
secured through every part of the Danish territory. No
doubt the committee will embody in their report a recom-
mendation to this effect. The only question upon which
any difficulty is likely to be felt by the committee is as
to the mode of providing for the redemption of the
dues, should that course be decided upon. Most of the

witnesses examined have delivered the opinion that, as
the dues fall eventually on the consumers of the articles
imported, the charge should be borne by the country at
large, rather than by the merchants and shipowners in
the Baltic, trade. This view hasgvidently impressed the
committee favourably, but it is observable that the trade
make no very strong objection to bearing the charge
themselves, their reasons against such a mode resting
I:ss on its injustice than upon the difficulty and incon-
venience that would be experienced in carrying it out.
The trade would probably be well content to make a
direct fixed payment equal in amount to what can now
be legally claimed by Denmark, as they would be consi-
derable gainers through the avoidance of the many in-
cidental expenses of the present system and the delays
and losses to which it gives rise. But this course might
be objected to by the next generation of Baltic traders
and shipowners, and would not have been subjected to
the evils of the present mode of collecting the Sound
dues, and they might plains to be relieved from what they
would regard as a differential duty in favour of the tim-
ber and wheat of America, the hemp of India, and the
tallow of Australia and the Plate. The precise mode of
making compensation to Denmark for the loss of this
source of revenue will probably be left entirely to the Le-
gislature, without any expression of opinion on the part
of the committee. One thing, however, is certain, viz.,
that whatever is to be done should be done quickly. The
Government of the United- States has given notice to
Denmark that the Sound dues will not be paid by Ameri-
cans after June next, and a proposition for the exemption
of American shipping and merchandise has been made,
the terms of which it seems probable that Denmark will
accept. Should these negotiations be successful, the
shipping, the produce, and the manufactures of the
United States will be given an undue advantage over
those of this country, as regards he trade of the coun-
tries bordering on the Baltic. American vessels will
be enabled to carry at lower rates at freight, by reason
of their exemption frcm the light dues, while the ex-
emption of American goods will operate as a differential
duty on British goods going to the Baltic ports, to the
serious injury of our commerce. Sugar, coffee, spices,
rice, and other like produce could no longer be esp nted
from this country with the same advantage as at present,
if the Americans obtain the exemption they are seeking.
Upon cochineal, a_ ain, the Sound dues amount to 4/.
per ton, which is equal to the freight ; and if British
merchants should he placed at the disadvantage with
which they are threatened, the dues on this article wilt,
in their eerie, amount almost to a prohibition in favour
of America. No time, therefore, should be lost in ar-
ranging with the Danish Government the terms upon
which the Elsinore exactions shall be got rid of, and the
transit of goods through all parts of the Danish territory
made entirely free. There is little doubt that, however
it may be arranged that payment shall be provided in
this country, the terms proposed by Denmark herself
will form the basis of any agreement that may be entered
into, as there seems no reason to doubt the accuracy
of the data upon which the Danish calculations have
been made, and Russia has already accepted those terms,
conditionally upon their being accepted by the other
States most interested in Butch a settlement of the
question.

_REPORT OF TIDE CRIMEAN COMMISSION.

The report, of the commission which sat some months
ago in Chelsea Hospital, to inquire into the charges
against the management of matters in the Crimea, con-
tained in the report of Sir John M`Neill and C donel
Ttilloch, was last night laid on the table of both Houses
of Parliame.nt. It is an elaborate and tedious production,
extending to no less than thirty long folio pages. It is
the dullest and dreariest document we have ever read.
It literally comes to nothing. It may be said of this
Crimean report, as the mathematician said of Milton's
"Paradise Lost," after be bad carefully perused tlAat
poem, from beginning to end, "It proves nothing."
From the commencement it has much of a sermonising
character about if. We are gravely told that—
First—The inquiry is very peculiar in its nature.
Second—lt is attended with unusual difficulties.
And these two heads are duly amplified on, and illus-
trated by facts. I: is shown that the inquiry is " very
Peculiar in its nature," and that it is "attended with
unusual difficulties." After wading through thirty pon-
derous pages, heavy enough to break the back of an
I Atlas, we come to the following winding-up of the
whole :—" In conclusion, we be leave further jumhly
to submit to your Majesty that there does not appear
to be any7ground for further proceedings thereon,"—
that is, on the subject matter which had been under
the consideration of the commissioners. Such is the
conclusion—and how lame and impotent ! of an in-
quiry which, at its commencement. was regarded as of
unparalleled importance, and which occupied the minds
of all classes of the community during the greater part
of the time it lasted.
The names appended to the document are :
ALEXANDER WOODFORD, General President.
132-tucHAmr, General.
G. H. F. BERKELEY, General.
JOHN DELL, Lieutenant-General.
\Vii. ROWAN, Lieutenant-General.
\V. KNOLLYS, Lieutenant-General.
J. PEEL, Major-General.
Thrice happy the parties arraigned who bad so lenient
a commission to sit in judgment on their conduct !
Morning Adtertiser.

A statement prevailed yesterday that the Batik of
France had made arrangements with London firms for
a supply of gold from this market to the extent of
4,000,0001. Some of the houses having usually the
best means of inforniation express disbelief of its cor-
rectness.

TBE AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL

ELECTION.

-,..--
NEW Yonr:, July 9.—As the Presidential elec•
tion approaches it may be interesting to know how
the electoral college is constituted, in order to be
able to form some estimate of the probable result.
The Presidential candidates are not voted upon
directly by the people. Each State chooses as
many electors as it has members in both houses of
Congress, and this body, when chosen, constitute
the electoral college, by whom the President and
Vice-President are chosen. In theory this body
is supposed to deliberate, and select from the
statesmen of the country, but practically the seve-
ral parties select their candidate and nominate
electors with a view to their support in the college.
Thus, instead of any deliberation, the votes of the
electors of each State are given in a body for one
or the other candidates. The electors of each State
meet in the, capital of the State on a given day,
cast their votes, and transmit the result to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives at Wash-
ington. They are there opened in presence of
both Houses, and the general result declared.
The electoral college consists of 296 votes, distri-
buted as follows :

SIXTEEN FREE STATES.
Maine
New Hampshire 6
Vermont 5
Massachusets
Rhode Island
Connecticut ‘s''
New-York. -.3
New Jersey ... ....... . ; _ 7
Pennsylvania
Ohio 23
Indiana ' 13
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
lowa 4
California 4

DFIIFTEEN SLAVE STATES.
3
Maryland....
Virginia
North Carolina .., lO
South Carotins
Georgia
.....
lorida • ' -3-
Alabama, ' :...
Missias:,,pi
Louisiana 6
Texas ' 4
Tennessee l2
Kentucky l2
Missouri
Arkansas

To secure an election by the people it is neces-
sary to obtain 149 votes out of the 296. Setting
Mr. Fillmore aside for the moment, and supposing
Mr. Buchanan to carry all the Slave States, and
Mr. Fremont, all the Free States, it is plain that
the latter gentleman would be elected by 56 majo-
rity. But I consider that, to say the least, the re-
sult in the States of California, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, Indiana, Delaware, Maryland, and Ken-
tucky is doubtful. Giving the other Slave States
to Mr. Buchanan, and the other Free States to
Mr. Fremont, which is the most favourable esti-
mate which the friends of the latter gentleman can
claim, that leaves Mr. Buchanan's chances in the
doubtful States better than Mr. Fremont's as
things now stand, and justifies the views of the
result which I have expressed. Mr. Fillmore,
however, has hopes of carrying some of these doubt-
ful States, and his friends also claim to some of the
States which I have given in the above estimate to
Mr. Fremont. In such an event there would be
no election by the college, and the choice would
devolve upon the House of Representatives. In
that body the vote is taken by States, each State
casting one vote. There is not a majority of States
for any candidate ; and it is supposed that, in the
event of there being no choice by the people, the
friends of Mr. Fillmore and Mr. Buchanan, whose
views upon the slavery question are substantially
the same, would be able to',make some compromise. 1

At Sea, off Balaklava, July 6.
We left Balaklava to-day in the steamer Blar-
ney, some twelve months since bought by and still
belonging to the firm of Messrs. Morton and Bell,
the well-known shipchandlers of Galata, Constanti-
nople. The general cargo' she brings down to the
" City of the Sultan" (how rapidly time has flown
since therein, exactly twenty years ago, Miss
Pardo() penned her Turkish experiences under that
euphonious title) consists of every imaginable sort
and kind of " notions," to use the Yankee term,
for which no sale has been found in the Crimea,
owing to the premature peace, and our too hurried
evacuation of that peninsula. Ship-loads of stores
are yet to be embarked. The' Russians we have
spared have good cause to bless their stars for the
" retreat" (as their soldiers believe it to be) we have
been induced to make. In their opinion we have
lost the war, not won it. Inkerman was a Musco-
vite victory (!) according to the Czar's ministers
and generals—a medal is worn for it—and, now,
our generous evacuation of the Crimea is regarded
as a measure to which we have been compelled by
the irresistible power of Russia—not impelled by a
Christian desire for the 'attainment and mainte-
nance of an honourable peace. As I wrote you in
my last, great consternation evidently exists among
the Eagliall-and-Fsench "traders ,yet. left in the
Crimea. Although they have, I admit, till Satur-
day next to "depart in peace," and have also six
week,' further time to remain and pay duty or to
export their surplus goods, depend upon it a
mighty list of great and petty vexations, dating
from Saturday next, will soon find its way into the
Engli4ll press. Thank God, we have a " fourth
estate." Its power—if it canno- cure—goes fir,
home and abroad, to hasten, at least, " the law's
delay," and to check the "insolence of office."
The-e will at once be enough "law'' touching
the " transferring of goods" to Eupatoria on th
one side, and Theodosia on the other, the only
ports in the Crimea for trade. Let us not be too late.
Where are our consuls for Sebastopol, Balaklava;
Kertch, Theodosia, and Kaffa, to protect British
interests, now so seriously threatened ? Odessa is
so patronised and favoured in Downing-street that
I refrain from adding it to this category. The best
consuls for the Crimea at present would be a few
gunboats. Nevertheless, it is to be hoped that the
more legitimate consuls, having passed (?) competi-
tive examinations, are on their way out, and that
there will be no "law's delay" in their receiving
their exequaturs. The Cossacks who, chaunting
their national airs, marched ioto Kadi-Koi last
Friday, ten days before their time, have already
proved the "insolence of office," by attempting to
levy contributions on shop-keepers ! I pity the
latter, and also the poor Tartars left behind ; and
happy am I that the deck of theßlarney is:crowded
not only with Tartar. men, women, and children,
but that the mule, the cat, the goat, and the
pigeon, and even the Karaite Jew are also to be
found among us. Let it not, however, be thought
that little or nothing has been left behind for the
Russians. They will find thousands of our wooden
huts uninjured(we were ordered not to burn them)
aithough a British subject, Mr. B—m--, of-
fered to buy every one of them at a sovereign a-
piece ; but his offer, at first accepted, was declined
and cancelled. And nowit is said the Russians will
receive these "wooden walls" as a British bak-
sheesh. Generous, unsophisticated John Bull !
Four thousand of our cattle yet chew the cud at
Kadi-Koi. The Muscovites a few days since
offered three pounds a head for the beasts. Their
offer was refused. We can't ship them off. There
is no time, or indeed force, to eat them, even as-
sisted by some two hundred convalescent or sick
still in the hospitals, and so, I suppose, these four
thousand head of cattle will fall as another bak-
sheesh to the enemy, notwithstanding General
Dschurkowky's " Notice" to " export" or to
" pay duties" (not to pay, mind at Balaklava,
but in the Crimea, at Theodosia or Kaffa
only !) The merchants willing to do either will
still have the 'Cossacks to deal with—gentlemen
more given to looting than even
.. Falstaff's ;
ragged regiment ' • and as the Balaklava stores are
not exactly little Malakhoffs, and shipping is scarce
for Theodosia or Kaffa, the contents of these stores
will, I fear, become small by degrees and beauti-
fully less, in a manner so incomprehensible that it
would puzzle a Minos to discover it. As the cat
alone of all domestic animals drinks our best milk
in England, so properties evaporate wherever the
Cossack "Nobody !" plants his horses's hoofs, and
not even our London detectives could afterwards
trace them. Our Palmerston Government will
stand in an awkward predicament if at the last mo-
ment it be found that any British remain unpro-
tected. Civis Romanus sum would everywhere
protect the Latin in the time of the Caesars ; but
"I'm 3 bold Briton" won't go far with the Cos-
sacks in the time of the Czars. Still, I may be re-
garded by some but as an alarmist. For their
satisfaction, then, let me add that, although her
Majesty's ship Leander was the only man-of-war
left at Balaklava (fine economy truly !) when we
sailed this morning, a majestic three-decker (query
the Royal Albert.) was subsequently descried off the
Monastery, steaming apparently for the same port,
in the afternoon; and then, as to redcoats, though
the 72d had left with her Majesty's ship Sanspa-
roil, have we not left behind the 50th, 50th, and
82d? "crack" regiments, certainly; but
will they all be at Balaklava next Sunday when the
Russian colours (resembling an upset hour-glass)
are to be hoisted ? I wot not. By the bye, even
our Government coal hulk at Balaklava, the Me-
dora, has been bought by the Russians for 700 f.
Britannia is certainly selling off ; and Britannia's
coals will prove very handy for the Czar's new
" police steamers." Russia is to have no other
men-of-war in the Black Sea—credat Judre,ts.
And now take care that Russia does not buy
Milo from the Greeks, and thus have a strong
naval port and arsenal on that side of
Turkey, though prohibited by the allies from re-
•

taining one on this. Milo may yet become to
Russia (though the Yankees failed to get it) what
Malta is to England.
Before leaving Balaklava this morning I visited
the grave of General Esteourt, at the headquar-
ters of Lord Raglan and Generals Simpson and
Codrington. " A house that changes its tenants
so rapidly is not a palace, but a caravan-serai,"
said' the dervish. How many will wish, in coming
years, to visit these hea-1 quarters—rich in associa-
tions ! How many will do so, and will gaze, as I
did, this day, upon the unpretending mural tablet
to the memory of Lord Raglan ; and also upon
the tomb covering the mortal remains of General
Estcourt ! This morning I found but two indivi-
duals at head-quarters. A Russian general had
just left. The English staff all quitted on the pre-
ceding Friday and Saturday, and Captain Baines,
the military magistrate, removed to Kadi-Koi,
where he occupies Colonel Peel's old house. At
head-quarters (whence the British flag was gone) I
found one William Church, of the Sappers and
Miners, carefully plastering into the wall the small
tablet just mentioned, bearing the following in-
scription in English and Russian—" In this room,
F. M. Lord Raglan,' G.C.8., Commander-in-
, Chief of the English army in the Crimea, died
June 28, 1855." The Russian inscription is below
the English. I waited till Church had given " the
last smooth" to the plaster, and thus experienced
the gratification of being one of the only four in
the house when the work Was completed--Church,
one of his comrades, a lady, and myself. Having
to join the ship (and I found her under weigh on
doing so) I could stay only till my fair country-
woman had read this inscription ; and next cut a
twig of the tree shading the stone slab, also to the
memory of Lord Raglan, in the vineyard, near the
well, below the wooden staircase attended by
General Luders when, here passing through the
11th Hussars, be lunched with Gen. Codrington at
the hour elapsing between the French and English
April review, not three months since. The lady
in question also cut a slip or two fronithe field of
vines at this "Raglan House ;" they are rapidly
recovering the injury they had received during the
campaign from gentlemen of all ranks roving in
search of fuel. Not a hut at head-quarters has
been taken down, scarcely one is at all injured,
and in many I saw frying-pans, and other kitchen
utensils, fit for further use, waiting the arrival of
the first comer. The Cossacks wore prowling in
the immediate neighbourhood, and they have ever
keen noses for plunder.
General Eitcourt's tomb, and the adjacent stone
to the memory of Cattley, Esq. (of the Staff),
have been well attended to in the luxuriant though
little walled graveyard just outside the boundary
of head-quarters. The spot is just five miles from
Balaklava, and all the way there is an excellent
road to it. Perhaps no general was ever more be-
loved than Estcourt. Itequiescat in pace.
Touching Balaklava, I have only to observe that
the hospitals, and Miss Nightingale's residence;
with wharves, sheds, and huts set up by the Eng-
lish, will all fall to the RatildAllfi olz Sunday next.