The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 12, 1860,

(SHE BUCKLEYS IN LONDON, at the ST.
-I- JAMES'S HALL, Piccadilly, Every Night at 8, and
a Day Peformance on Saturday Afternoon at 3. Full Pro-
gramme and Tickets may be obtained at. 28, Piccadilly, from
10 till 5, and at the Principal Libraries and Musicsellers.
Admission, Stalls, 3s. ; Area, 2s. ; Gallery, ls.—Doors open
at Half-past Seven, and Saturday Afternoon, at Half-past
r.Avvo. *** Grand Change of Programme !

MISS EMMA STANLEY'S
SEVEN AGES OF WOMAN,
EVERY EVENING at Eight, at the EGYPTIAN IT ALL,
PICCADILLY, except Saturday, and on Saturday at Three.
Stalls, 3s. ; area, 2s. ; gallery, ls.
Office open daily from Eleven to Three.

PRINCE OE WALES HALL, Regent-street.
Entertainments this Week: THE DOUBLE
COURTSHIP, A MANAGER'S PERPLEXITIES, RING-
ING THE CHANGES, and a varied Musical Melange, in
which Captain MORTON PRICE and Miss CATHARINE
LUCETTE will appear, assisted by the new Comic Singer,
Mr. Charles Crook, Each Ereniir, Doors open at half-past
7, commence a quarter after 8. Admission, 35., 25., and is. ;
children in arms, Ll is. Charles Dudley, agent.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly.
The Handsomest and best proportioned rooms in
Europe, are open for CONCERTS and DANCING, Conducted
by the well-known artiste Mons. ANTONY T,AMOTTE, of
Parisian celebrity. M. Boulcourt, the greatest Cornet player
in this country, plays solos nightly. Doors open at half-past
Seven. Dancing at Nine o'clock. Admission, One Shilling.
N.B.—A magnificent Smoking and Reading-room is added to
this establishment.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
, high Holborn.---The Best Entertainment in London
—ln consequence of the great influx of strangers to the Me-
tropolis during the CAT rLE SHOW, and the kind patron-
age the establishment always receives on this occasion, the
'onCert will commence at halt-past Seven, and Dancing con-
tinue one hour later than usual. The Smoking and Refresh-
ment Saloons are most commodious, especial regard being
paid to the comfort of the visitors. and the Reading-room is
well supplied with English and Foreign Journals. Mr. W.
M. Packer's celebrated Band will perform Overtures and
Selections from the standard Operas, and a choice programme
of dance music. The Wines and Refreshments are of the
very first class. Admission, ls.

C-
ATTLE SHOW and SMITHFIELD CLUB.
EVANS'S MAGNIFICENT MUSIC and SUPPER
ROOMS.--,-Gentlemen visiting London during the Cattle
Show Week arc invited to the above world-known Institu-
tion, now regarded so for its respectability and filo meeting
place of the gentlemen of the country. Commencing every
evening at eight o'clock.

RUPTURES.—BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.
WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS
is allowed by upwards o 200 Medical Gentlemen to
be the most effective invention in the curative treatment of
HERNIA. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its
effects, is here avoided—a spft bandage being worn round the
body, while the requisite itsisting power is supplied by the
Moe-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much ease
and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn
during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had,, and the
truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir-
cumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being
sent to the manufacturer,
Mr. WHITE, 228, nriecadilly.
A Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., Itnd 31s. 6d. Postage, Is.
A. Doublo Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, is Bd.
An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postage, ls. 10d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White, Post-
office, Piccadilly. -

ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, &c., for
Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness and Swelling of
the Legs, Sprains, &c. They arc porous, light in texture,
and inexpensive, and are drawn on like an ordinary stocking.
Price 3s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 108., and 168. each. Postage 6d.
JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly.

2, GREAT MARL ET, W.,4TEAR
THE PANTHEON.
DR. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo-
hecaries' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as
above, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Less of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive :indul-
gences •
Has Just published, price ls. ; by post, 1$ stamps.
18 sealed,
No. 4,
An entire new and original Work, entitled
OURSELVES.
Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation
--The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatmen land Cure.
Also, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange-
ments and Marital Disqualifications,

MALE.
The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Illennorrhagia
Gonorrhoea), Spermatorrhcea, "Impotency, and all Diseases of
the Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions,
FEMALE.
The Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Functional Ir-
regularities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage—
Their Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and
Removal of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of :Gesta-
tion—Use of the Speculum. Also,
No. 1.
HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY
On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion,
No. 2.'
LOVE AND MARRIAGE :
Their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments ; Love
snd other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off-
seoured.,

No. 3.
THE CASE BOOK :
100 Cases of SPERMATORRIRKA,
Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions and
Cure by Cauterisations, Galvanism, &e.
To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Authors.
Advice to the Working Classes fee Half-a-Guinea.
(SPECIAL NOTICE.)
Dr. Cuiverwell is the only legally qualified medical practi-
tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as
above).

CURTIS ON MANHOOD-NEW EDITION:
L MEDICAL ESSAY ON NERVOUS AND GENERA.
• TIVE DISEASES.

Just Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
in a sealed envelope, price Is., Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, for 12 stamps,
ANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
MATURE DECLINE with Plain Directions for
Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L.
CURTIM, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.

:CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs.
CHAPTER ll.—Causes of Spermatorrhma and Impotence;
Early Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect.
CHAPTER Review of the various Disqualifications
of Marriage ; whether resulting from Youthful . Abuse,: the
Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
CHAPTER IV.—The Author's plan of Treatment, Medical
and Moral, being the result of a successful practice extending
over a period of 25 years.
CHAPTERS V. and VI. on the modern Treatment of
Gonorrima and Syphilis.
The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting
eses, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive
Lotion.

ORIENTAL INLAND STEAM COMPANY
(Limited).

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the FIFTII HALF-
YEARLY MEETING of the Shareholders of thin Company
will be held at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, in
the City of London, on THURSDAY, the 20th day of Decem-
ber instant, at Two o'clock in the Afternoon precisely.
By Order.
JOHN MATHEWSON, Secretary.
9, Billiter-street, London, Dec. 5,1860.

ORIENTAL INLAND STEAM COMPANY
vv (Limited).
The TRANSFER BOOKS of this Company will be
CLOSED from the 20th to the 31sT day of December current,
both inclusive, preparatory to issuing the interest warrants
for the current half-yep.r,
30IIN MAIITEWSON, Secretary.
11, Billiter-street, London, Dec. 5,18G0.

EATINO'S COD LIVER OIL, just imported.
iv X- The Pale from Newfoundland, and the Light Brown
from Norway. The supplies of the present season have never
been surpassed, the fish being unusually fine, and the oil
nearly tasteless. Professors Taylor and Thompson, of Guy's
and St. Thomas's hlospitals, have analvs'ed, and pronounced
the Pale Newfoundland Oil the best and most desirable for
invalids of very delicate constitution. The Light Brown
being more economical iu price is brought within the reach of
all classes. No higher price need be peid than the follow-
ing:—Light Brown, Is. Bd. per pint, or per quart. Pale,
is 6d. half-pints, 2s. 6d. pints, 4s. 6d. qiarts. or in five-pint
bottles 10s. Cd. imperial measure, at 79, St Paul's-churchyard,
London.

WHEATSTONE'S HARIIIO/CIUMS (English)
in solid oak cases, manufacturec by them expressly
for Churches, Chapels, Schools, &0., have•the full compass of
keys, are of the best quality of tone, beit workmanship and
material, and do no`. require tuning.

G uineas.

New Patent, five octaves, from CC, double pedals.. 60
With One Stop, oak case lO
With Two Stops, one set and a half of vibrators 12
With Three Stops, effective forte st)ps
With Three Stops, large size organtones, ditt0....15
With Five Stops, two sets of vibrWors, ditto 22
With Eight Stops, two sets of vibrators, di t
With Ten Stops, three sets of vibrators, ditto 30
(The best and most effective instrument made.)
Prize Medallist, 1851. An extensive assortment of French
Harmoniums by Alexandre, with, all tie latest improve-
ments.
WHEATSTONE and CO.', Inventors and Patentees of the
Concertina, zo, Conduit-street, Regent-street, London.

AN EFFECTUAL REMEDY.-LAMBERT'S
ASTHMATIC BALSAM, without confining the bowels
or affecting the head, truly efficacious and pleasa,nt, is ad-
mitted to be the best medicine for immediately relieving
coughs, colds, confirmed cases of asthma, and consumption.
It frequently cures persons whom the faculty pronounce in-
curable, admirably allays the t ickling which provokes frequent
coughing. In approaching consumption its effects are truly
beneficial. Persons deprived of sleep, or even lying down for
fear of suffocation, may depend on relief in a few minutes
after taking it. Prepared only and sold by W. Lambert,
Chemist, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, and by all Druggists
in bottles, IM., 2s. 3d., and 4s. 6d. each. Be particular and
ask for Lambert's Asthmatic Balsam.

PRINCE ADAM CZARTORYSKL

The following is the speech of Prince Adam
Czartoryski, delivered at the nieetirg of the Polish
Historical Society, held in Paris on the 29th of
November last, in commemoration of the Polish
Revolution of 1830 31 :
" Once more, gentlemen, the duty of addressing you, on
this memorable anniversary, has devolved upon me, and
appears to me more difficult than before, in presence of the
complicated, perplexing, and often contradictory events and
circumstances of the world. I should wish not to depart
from truth, and ,at the same time be able to satisfy your
expectations and those of our brethren in Poland. Vain
will be my efforts, because events speak quicker, and with
more emphasis, than words, and because nations, by their
actions and example, teach us better what we ought to
imitate and what to avoid. We live to see a momentous
epoch portending great and most beneficial changes for
humanity. The voice of the peoples, their complaints and
longings hitherto stifled and repressed, obtain now access
to governmental powers. Not only rights which tradition
had sanctioned for ages, and laws established by treaties,
but the claims of nationalities are now brought forward at
international deliberations. The monarch who stands at
the head of the most valiant and noble nation, whence the
light of civilization is spreading all over the globe ; the
monarch, chosen by the will of this nation, has proclaimed
himself the fulfiller and observer of the principle of justice,
which is to ennoble, and settle on a firmer basis the opera-
tions of future diplomacy. Besides France, constitutional
England, equally mighty, supports this new liberel prin-
ciple of international treaties. We may, therefore, expect
that it will be established, that it will increase in power,
and that in time legitimacy of every kind will not support
its claims by mere might, violence, usurpation, or conquest.
But, gentlemen, every good in this world must be pur-
chased by suffering; frequently the most honest, nay, even
the most salutary idea, when about to be carried out, in-
undates countries with torrents of blood, fills them with
heaps of ruins, and is frcousntly defiled by excesses. It is
sad and heart-rending, when two laws, two principles,
which ought always to go together being ranged against
one another, are by their advocates either abused or dnied,
and violated in turn. One of these laws is improperly
called "the Law of God," for both praCeed from God, or
are rather emanations of one law bestowed by Divine
justice, not for the benefit of some dozens of potentates,
but for the benefit of mankind at large. For who is not
bound to respect traditions and laws sanctioned by ages ?
—who'would not acknowledge the validity and sacredness of
treaties corroborated by oath?-Lwho would think of denying I
that solemn words' stipulated conditions, and mutual agree-"I
ments are equa '137 binding in international as well as civil
relations ? But it happened in the latter half of the past
century that those whose interest and duty it was to watch
over the strict observance of existing laws, were the very
men who violated them absolutely. The open, glaring
crime perpetrated upon innocent Poland led the van of the
whole series of iniquities, wrongs, and still continued out.
rages. These scandalous manifestations of unscrupulous-
ness in the highest spheres of society struck at the very
authority and inviolability of the laws by which Europe
was to that time governed; people perceived, with disgust,
imposture and bad faith in the administration of these
laws, and excesses of the mighty against the weak without
the least consideration far justice. Such an example from
above exercised necessarily a fatal influence over the mora-
lity of society—an influence, the cruel effects of which were
very soon apparent. Many times moments of retribution
and punishment came, and they are now approaching ; but
that punishment, now as before, seldom reaches the most
guilty, and yet never fails to perpetrate new wrongs. The
first and indispensable requisite for a nation desirous of
obtaining independence, or who has just recovered it, is to
revive and strengthen in themselves the principles of
order, honour, religion, and morality, lost either
by slavery, or troubles and commotions ; for
without these principles no nation will ever proceed
with dignity, or shine on the path cf liberty and progress.
Dismembered and subjugated Poland could not, under pre-
sent difficult and complicated circ.mistances, set forth by
herself her claims either by word or deed. There is yet an
inevitable solidarity which unites oppressed nations; the
Poles, therefore, could not but see with rapture the peoples
of Italy crushing the fetters rive tted by their foreign oppres-
sors, and they rejoiced at their success ; but they heard at
the same time, with pain and sorrow, of the difficulties and
sufferings to which the High Priest of Christendom was
exposed. This pain of ours was still increased by the anxiety
lest the blows aimed at the Holy See should strike, which
God forbid, at the very authority, unity, and the living
faith of the Universal Church, which is the stronghold of
the whole, even of the disunited Christendom, the true
treasure of all social virtues and consolations, of all present
and future hopes of mankind. Let us, Poles, love with
filial affection—let us preserve' zealously, and defend with
all our might against the incessant persecution this faith,
which was for our forefathers the source of fame acquired
by their arms, and of great merits recorded on the pages of
history. It haspleased the Almighty to allow us in our mis-
fortune to take part in inducing—we trust decisively—a con-
siderable portion of our fellow brethren to aunion withßome,
which may afford to the Holy Father, amidst his most pain-
ful afflictions, a moment of comfort and joy. It would be
an inconceivable and unpardonable fault on the part of the
Oatholic Powers were they to neglect to take now under their
protection at Constantinople four millions of people, who of
their own accord are desirous of emancipating themselves
from schism which exposes them to a twofold oppression.
A new and salutary reform in the mar agement of inter-
national affairs has already sprung up among the Western
Powers : with us the old days of the Partition are still in
existence. Elsewhere we hear of nothing but liberty and
restoration : our unfortunate country sees the return of old
severity, the reintroduction of imprisonment without trial.
Everywhere they talk of the importance of nationalities ;
and yet that nationality which has given signs of the most
vigorous life, whose rights have been confirmed by the ver-
dict of universal justice and by the sacredness of treaties ;
that nationality which has been robbed in the most shame-
less manner of everything calculated to ensure its 'vitality,
is now but rarely mentioned. Governments pass it by in
silence ; the name of Poland has not audibly passed the
lips of any Minister ; public opinion speaks in its favour at
wide intervals of time only ; and to all minds the Polish
question appears so beset with difficulties, so entangled with
complicated consequences, that no one dares to take it up
in earnest. But let us not be turned away from our object
by these obstacles, nor be led by them to indolent supine-
ness, and to doubts of the final issue. The course of events
and of public opinion will not stop, but will bring ev
the
er
greater danger to our oppressors. Although, as yet,
current has hardly touched our cause, we see that it con-
fuses and disturbs them, and leads them to the commission
of fatal mistakes. With what want of tact did not the three
aggressors recently choose for the scene of their deliberae
tions the capital of a nation, where everything around
them recalls the memory of their conjoint crime and its
fatal consequences I Were it possible that a ray of grace
from above could then have enlightened their consciences,
they might at least, on meeting amid these plundered ter-
ritories, have shown to the world a desire to atone for their
sins, and to have joined in fulfilling the promises which
they made before all Europe, but all of which they had
successively broken. Of the three Powers which are hos-
tile to us, there is one which, if it desired to cleanse itself
of a hideous stain, and, at the same time, understood its own
interest, would have no reason to oppose the restoration of
Poland. But to hope this would be futile ; and any remarks
upon the subject would as yet be untimely. The Power I
speak of, driven to its last resources, has abandoned the
principle of a centralised Government ; and being threat-
ened with dismemberment, it has agreed to establish a
system of separate national autonomies. If these conces-
sions are sincere—if they are executed in good faith and in
their entirety, it is possible that Austria will find in them
a means of restoring the unity of her power. Be that as it
may, let the inhabitants of Galicia take advantage of these
concessions, as if they were never again to be withdrawn ;
let them try to extract from the spirit and letter of these
new edicts all that may serve to heal their internal wounds,
and to strengthen and organise their national powers. In
Lemberg as in Cracow, all parties, all classes and pro-
fessions, prudent statesmen and ardent young men—all, in
a word, should join hands, unite in a common understand-
ing, and persevere in one mind ; they should remember
that, although differences of opinion may exist among us,
the interest and the good name of our country require us
all to rally round one banner in presence of foreign nations.
The vitality of one province will diffuse new heat through

the body of its neighbour. For even where no spark of
our better hopes has as yet penetrated, how many works of
prime utility and immense future influence—works in some
cases only planned, in others already in course of execution
—call for the united and fervent zeal of the people I Does
not that most important of all questions, the emancipation
question (without reference to what the Government will
say on the subject), require the melt anxious care to ensure
mutual confidence and sympathy among millions of
brothers ? Each one of us can and ought—always keeping
steadily within the law—to occupy himself with the moral
and financial wants of his province. Legal action for the
purpose of clearing away obstacles is everywhere a duly,
and if eondUcted prudently and moderately cannot easily
be
forbidden anywheic. The unmixed benefit of the inhehi-
tants, which will he thus our present object, will et the
same time appear in the eyes of Europe the best prc-ef of the
strong and lasting viiali:y of the nation. In this respect I
may point to the conduct of tile inhabitants of Posen as
most exemplary, indeed extraordinerv, They know how
to ward off, and sometimes to attack, the implacable hatred
of the Germans against the Poles; they reface to have
anything to do with secret dealings, which do no good to
our cause, but rather injure it; and recently they have
warned the whole Polish nation that everywhere the enemy
is spreading his toils, and striving to seduca us from a field
of labour which he looks upon with fear, and that every-
where we are surrounded with pitfalls, in which we may
lose our renewed strength end our honourable name at once.
Litt I learn that the vexatious and irritating proceedings
which have become so notorious in Posen, are also spread-
ing over other portions of our country. The German and
Russian bureaucracy do not yet despair of success in their
efforts to drive us to madness. I have been informed that
agents and emissaries are beginning to insinuate them-
selves into provincial societies—that they are organising
conspirasies, persuading people to thoughtless schisms,
loudly giving expression to the most absurd principles, and
spreading family dissensions, murder and riot, and
he local
authorities are well aware of this, and leave, them full liberty
of action, for it is in strict accordance with the views of au-
thorities who are implacable in their hatreds, to hold over
the heads of the Poles the terrible sword of butchery, and,
on a given occasion, to let it fall on our last refuge. More-
over, these agents say that they have arrived with the
sanction of persons said to be known to the Emigration,
among whom I am included. I do not doubt
but the common sense which is inherent in the
majorltyof all elasseszof our population, will estimate these
shameless falsehoods at their true value; or, should they
fail in sounding to the bottom these disgraceful intrigues,
and shaming our enemies by unmasking their batteries,
that they will at least destroy them by the force of their
enlightened patriotism. I feel it my duty, nevertheless,
however, to warn my fellow-countrymen' and I earnestly
desire that this our protest may reach the most distant
boundaries of the land of Poland. For it might possibly
happen (though I'do not anticipate it) that our worthy and
noble-hearted young men, carried away by their impatience
to take up the national cause, and deceived by false ap-
pearances, reports, and calculations, would join these emis-
saries, and thus, by their desire sincerely tb serve their
country only inflict a dreadful calamity upon it, at
the same time drawing on themselves a heavy responsibi-
lity. Once mere, then, I warn you from this place, and
implore and conjure you to be prudent and watchful, and at
the same time I take this opportunity for declaring openly
that I never sent any emissaries to Poland, but that 'I have
always looked with confidence to my fellow-countrymen
there for information and assistance. I will never make any
statement as to the possibility of coming to decisive action
until I shall have first fully persuaded myself of the practi-
cability of doing so. You have heard of the invitation sent
to the Poles to form in Italy a foreign legion. This measure
has not yet been matured, and has to all appearance been
put off. I sincerely hope that it will be possible to arm a
separate corps of Poles, and I am convinced that there need
be no anxiety about the filling up of its ranks. The old
and incapable will regret the loss of their strength ; the
young will leave their wives and parents to take their
stand where. shines the hope of doing battle for their
fatherland. If this desired opportunity presents itself
in Italy let us profit by it ; but always on the
condition that the Poles shall be called upon to
combat the enemies of Poland only ; that they shall not be
made Use of in internal broils, and, above all, that we shall
not be expected to- raise parricidal hands against Rome.
And now, as ever, the Emigration will remember
its duty, and should circumstances permit it to unfurl, in
the presence of governments and peoples, the standard of
our nation, it will keep it pure and unspotted. Before I
conclude, gentlemen, I may be allowed to remark that our
constant lamentations for our fate seem to me sometimes
to sin, by failing to recognise the signs of a Providential
government. , Let us consider how low our enemies have
fallen in their strength, and to what means they are com-
pelled to have recourse in order to continue
the contest with our nationality; let us con-
sider how the knowledge of our own faults and
shortcomings has spread among us, how much
more profoundly we have understood both the conditions
of our national strength, and the absolute necessity for its
systematic concentration. And let us confess, that it is
long since we had so many reasons to hope, supported as
we are, not only by our own vigour, but also by our ene-
mies' weakness. But if, on the one hand, gentlemen, a
general view of the present state of our country is calculated
to cheer our hearts and excite us to perseverance, you will,
on the other hand, share with me my grief at the recollection
of the irreparable loss recently sustained by the duchy
of Posen, and with it by all Poland, in the death of Gus-
tavus Potworowski, late deputy to the Prussian Chambers
at Berlin. He departed this life just as he was about to
receive the highest of honours, a testimony of gratitude
from his fellow-countrymen. God withheld this human
reward, and left him the glory of unrewarded merit. May
God grant that? in his last hour of expectation and trial,
no Pole may have to reproach himself either with a feverish,
senseless rashness, or what is worse, an indifferent and
guilty carelessness.; but rather that each of us, like Gus-
tavus Potworowski, niay be able to say conscientiously to
his own heart, with tut unutterable sense of consolation,
these precious words : "I, too, have served my fatherland
With all my heart, with all my strength, and through all
my life."

[Advertisement.]
211 E OTTOMAN LOAN.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Siit,—The concessionaires of the loan contracted by the
Government of his Majesty the Sultan consider themselves
bound to exhibit the situation of the Ottoman Empire from
a political, administrative, commercial, and financial point
of view, in order to enable the public to estimate from a
knowledge of facts the resources and guarantees offered
by this empire, which up to the present time has remained
almost a stranger to the benefits of the European system of
credit.

THE POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONDITION OF THE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE.
A somewhat confused idea generally prevails in Europe
respecting this country, which at divers epochs has played
a considerable part in the history of the world, and for
which the future yet reserves a brilliant destiny.
Respecting the Ottoman Empire many errors and preju-
dices have obtained credence, and have in a great measure
caused it to be forgotten that this empire contains the most
fertile provinces and the most frequented ports in Europe.
Nowhere perhaps does there exist such a fruitful source
of natural wealth, and no person can predict the degree of
prosperity to which this empire must attain at the period,
now near, when the cutting of the Isthmus of Suez will
re-establish the ancient route from India to Arabia, Asia
Minor, and the Egean Sea, and when the East will be united
to the West by steam both on land and sea.
Placed in a singularly advantageous position for serving
as a bond between the East and the West, the Ottoman
Empire occupies in Europe the vast space comprised between
the Adriatic, the Black sea, and the Archipelago, while in
Asia it comprises the whole of the territory between the
Black Sea, the Archipelago, the Red Sea, and the Persian
Gulf—that is to say, magnificent countries whose immortal
memory is consecrated both by secred and profane history.
It may be added that the population of these provinces is
more than thirty millions of souls. Thus, whether the ex-
tent, the population, or the geographical situation of the
Ottoman Empire be regarded, or whether its powerful pro-
duction or the fertility of its soil be taken into consideration,
one is struck by its grandeur, and is sensible of the prodi-
gious resources which it contains. But prelisely because
the Ottoman Empire extends over immense territories inha-
bited by the most diverse populations, the question is asked,
how has it been able to establish and maintain its domina-
tion in Europe, notwithstanding the difference of traditions,
manners, language, and religion, and above all, notwith-
standing the small number of Ottomans compared with that
of Christians.
The reply to this question comprises the whole secret o:
the duration of the Ottoman Empire. It is to be found in
the moderation of the government, which has allowed the
laws and usages of the Christian populations to subsist ; for
in this vast empire strangers. are only amenable to their
ambassadors and consuls. The Greek Christians are amen-
able to their patriarch, and the Latin Christians can invoke
the special protection of France.
An administration so divided cannot certainly be proposed
as a model, since the majority of the population of this
empire evade the supervision and control of the imperial
authority. But we are forced to acknowledge that for this
multiplicity of jurisdictions and powers to have worked re-
gularly for more than 400 years, proves that the adminis-
tration must have been more tolerant than is supposed. It
must be acknowledged also that the Ottoman Empire is
endowed with great vitality, since, during four centuries, it
has supported a political and administrative state of things
which, in any other state in Europe, would in a few years
result in the dissolution of social order.

TYE COMMERCE OF THE EMPIRE.
Turkey possesses great natural riches, but few manufac •
tures. Its commerce and its industry, easy of develop-
ment be it understood, cannot enter into comparison with
those of the great nations of Europe.
From the extent of the annual importations into the
market of Constantinople it must, nevertheless, bo acknow-
ledged that commercial life is yet very active.
The following is an account of these importations :
Merchandise from England l4O millions of francs.
Ditto ditto France
I t „ Germany l5 9,
~ Italy
/I
~ Switzerland lO
II
II
, I „ Belgium
Holland
i ...... _ _

Total .................... millions of francs.
This mass of European produce is absorbed by local con,