The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-17 00:00:00

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This D.A.y.—Morning, 2h. 52m.—Afternoon, 3h. 13m,
To-MORROW.-Morning, 3h. 33m.—Afternoon, 3h. 54m

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THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, SEPT. 17, 1880.

The entrance of the Sardinian troops into the

Papal territories presents quite a new scene in
Italian affairs, and the EMPEROR has lent his aid
towards rendering it a somewhat more remarkable
one. It is not, therefore, wonderful that we should
have plenty of speculation as to the probable move-
ments of all parties, and the final results. Almost
all Europe is concerned, or thinks itself so, in what
VICTOR EMMAN *EL has just done. All the great

despotic powers have their obvious reasons for as.

suming an aepeet of displeasure at any step in

favour of national liberties which they have any
decent pretext for condemning. The Catholic

Powers, moreover, tremble for their chief Bishop ;
though, why they:should do so more than during all
the time that France has been his keeper, it is hard
to tell. We, in England, have but one desire,
that the leaders of Italian liberation, should render
it impossible for any of the vexed lookers-on to find
a fair pretext for intermeddling with the work.
Now, in point of form it is confessed that the en-
trance of the Sardinian troops into the Papal ter-
ritories, not on the invitation of the Government,
but of the people, is irregular. It is quite as much
BO as the landing of William 111. at Torbay, by the
invitation of the English people. Then, as in the
present Italian case, had the English King's Go-
vernment invited French aid it would have been all
formally right ; and there was quite as much good
will then towards the repression of English liberty,
at Versailles, as there now is towards the prevention
of Italian unity at the Tuilleries. But the opinion
is now gaining a strength throughout Europe
to which even monarchs must bow, that
People have quite as much, if not more
Tight, to ask aid against cruel Rulers, than
Rulers have to ask it, to keep down an entire
population. Naples has done as much as any
country to strengthen this opinion. Two great
Powers had been obliged to condemn the admini-
stration of an independent Government; this was
as irregular, in principle, as the marching of troops
into the country would have been. It was only
not so strong a measure. Hitherto that last resort
has only been adopted only to stifle liberty ; as, by
the Austrians so frequentla, and by the French at
Rome. VICTOR EMMANUEL is the first who, on
the demand of an oppressed people, has gone to
rescue them from the soldiers of their own Govern-
ment. Those soldiers were indeed mercenaries,
brutal mercenaries, it is true; but there is certainly
no law at Rome, as there is in Hungary, forbidding
its Sovereign to employ foreign troops.
The question, however, cannot be reduced to a
regular international or diplomatic one. Things in
Italy had arrived at a crisis. Facts must be looked
in the face, and forms must give way to them.
Here was the broad fact—that VICTOR EMMANUEL,
by the free choice of the Italians, had acquired a
settled role up to Tuscany and the Romagna ; next,
that from Sicily up to the Roman States, GARI-
BALDI had aroused the whole south of Italy to offer
the sovereignty to the same monarch ; and the
third fact, that between the geographical union of
the south and north of Italy lap the Roman
States.
Al_ the provinces
of those States,
clamorous to share in the Union, and supplicat-
ing deliverance from the Papal
- mercenaries,
which prevented it. This itself Was no state of
things to be met by " rose-water" diplomacy, and
VICTOR EMMANUEL had the justification of the
wishes of all Italians for acting OR these avowed,
these loudly proclaimed, desires. Nationality has
this year, in Italy, burst through all the petty_
interests and d
ymstic efforts which have so long
rePte"sed it. It has verified itself as the actual
conditoo of Italy, except in tl'e small States of the
Pope, and in '
Venetia, which lies, however, in a
corner, while the rule of the Pope cut the Italian
nation in two. And, on the general aspect of the
case the King was
quite right in converting into
a link the provinces which prayed that they

might no longer sever their native land, but enjoy
the common lyinefit of sharing in a free Government.
We aro told there are other consid.crations ; anfl

.e can well believe it. With the unbounded

:'aith which we all have in GARIBALDI, the poli-

tical difficulties of his position must yet be consider-
ably increased as he neared Rome. The EMPEROR
must then uphold the Sovereign whom he pro-
fesses to protect as the head of European Christen-
dom, in which Christendom and its headship he
has about as much faith as VOLTAIRE had himself.
The Bishops of France know this as well as the
EMPEROR himself, and doubtless many of them
share his creed, but both he and the Bishops need
a POPE, and need to seem very loyal to him for
their own purposes. GARIBALDI must not, there-
fore, come into collision with the small French
army at Rome, and the General knows
that well enough. He is not quite so beside him-
self as to make it a point of honour for the master
of 600,000 bayonets to conquer him, and undo all
the work he has done. Now in this state of
things nothing better could VICTOR EMMANUEL do
than takathe remaining work into his own hands.
If the gates of the towns in the POPE'S provinces
are opened to VICTOR EMMANUEL, then the work
which GARIBALDI has been doing everywhere is
so far accomplished by the KING himself, and
the principal will supersede the subordinate, and
proclaiming the union of Italy in his own name,
leave GARIBALDI 110 more to do. Roman affairs
will have been settled without any danger of col-
lision, before GARIBALDI enters the Roman States.
As to the EMPEROR his acts are easily to be in-
terpeted in quite the pacific way in which his own
journal explains them, Disavow strongly he
must, for he reigns partly by favour of Popish
priests. Interfere he will not, nor suffer Austria
to meddle with Lombardy again. He no doubt
sees with unwillingness a strong nation forming
itself south of the Alps; but England sees it
with pleasure, and he is not disposed
to quarrel with her just now. Austria announces
that she will keep quiet under the circumstancs of
the KING'S marching to the rescue of the POPE;
indeed, she has quite enough to do at present in
squaring matters with her own states. All, there-
fore, seems right enough yet, GARIBALDI will
wait for the proper time to come before he visits
the Quiniral. Rome surrounded by freedom must
become free despite French bayonets and all the
popes and cardinals in the world. VICTOR EMMANUEL
will quietly organise the political representation
of the whole country ; and at no distant day Italy
will be united and free.

While the Bourbon has been running away from
his kingdom England's future Monarch has been
visiting a distant part of his. Religious bigotry has
had not a little to do with the flight of the former ;
for we must in charity beliei'e that, bad as Bourbon
blood may be, it required the training of Jesuits
and the degradation of intellect requisite to enslave
even a Bourbon mind to the lowest supersti-
tions of Popery, to make the dynasty the suc-
cession of blindly cruel despots which it be-
came, and which has ended in its unpitied
expulsion. But religious bigotry is by no means
confined to Papists and Bourbons. It is tolerably
übiquitous, and does not want representatives in
every creed; still we must confess we had hardly
expected to hear of it in connection with what
may be termed a royal visit, and that even in a
colony like Canada Protestants should be its rabid
professors.

The young Prince represented, of course, his
august mother, who, if she has her own appropriate
creed, holds it, not as a triumph over others, but as
her personal belief, or as a convenient political
arrangement, she being the head of one of the
many churches of Britain, and for all she
does in the affairs of this particular Church
she is responsible, through her Ministers, to
Parliament. But she stands in the same rela-
tion, as "Defender of the faith," to every
faith in the country. It is her duty to protect all
equally, to see that none of the sects wrongs the
others ; to extend to all an equal measure of her
favour, as Sovereign, in return for the equal
loyalty of all. Yet, had a section of our fellow
Protestants the effrontery to disgrace that name
by their illiberal, their bigoted conduct at King-
ston and Toronto. They had determined to join
in the 'processions with their party colours and
banners, and at Kingston had actually plotted
to make the heir and representative of
British Royalty pass under the Orange yoke.
They had erected a splendid Orange arch,
which they had supposed would prove a kind of
Orange Caudine Forks for the Prince. Happily
the Duke of NEWCASTLE was too sharp for them.
He required them to take it down. This humilia-
tion they wonld not consent to. The Duke, there-
fore, advised the Prince not to land, and left them
the pleasure of keeping the Prince out of Kingston,
and of footing it to their heart's content under their
own gay arch somewhat crestfallen no doubt. The
Prince, it was fully expected, would not call at
Kingston at [all. At Toronto like displays of
bigotry were expected, but it is hardly probable,
we should think that the Toronto Orangemen will
not have learned a lesson from the silly position in
which their Kingston neighbours placed themselves.
The Catholics are of course very much irri-
tated, and bad passions will be enkindled, which
will not subside for some time. It is really much
to be regretted as being, we trust, the only in-
cident by which the harmony and pleasure of the
whole manifestation of loyalty in Canada has been
marred. We know what Orangeism is here ; we
know It o'w all our penal laws and restraints, not
even: the power of Viceroyalty can keep down its
perverseness; but in Canada, where, we presume,
there is no law against religious processions, we
should have supposed' good taste a sufficient law.
What must men's religious bigotry be if, when
thrown upon their own good sense and feeling,
On such an occasion as a Royal visit, they could
notrestrain theirunseemlyzeal, but brawl over their
religious differences in the immediate presence, as it
were of their Sovereign. Nay, even deliberately
contrive and arrange things, to compel the Sove-
reign to acknowledge their unholy triumph. Canada
is free from a Church Establishment. She has no
burdens for religion at all. If anywhere in her
dominions, it is in Canada that the QUEEN should
have her religious neutrality respected. To us
such an outburst of bigotry in such a country dis-
plays it a more offensive form than even in It eland
itself.

The diligence which runs from La Chatre to
Bourges (Cher) upset three days ago, at a place called La
Granges-Saint-Jean. The carriage was injured, and the
passengers, 14 in number, were more or less bruised.
THE GRAND STAND RECEIPTS AT DONCASTER.—
The total net amount of money taken at the Grand Stand
at Doncaster, last week, was -X4,363, being £1,142 more
than 185), £790 more than in 1858, and £360 more than in.
1857. The success that I.as attended the rneetin; is un-
precedented, and at no former races was so large a sum paid
for admission.
TIIE PRF,NCIT TREATY AND TYNE DUES.—At a
meeting of the River Tyne Improvement Commission,
which was held on Thursday last, the subject of M. De
Pianelli's letter to the corporation of Newcastle-on-Tyne,
claiming that all French merchant vessels should be placed
on the same footing as the freemen of the town with reg,ard
to town dues, was considered when the town-clerk stated
that the corporation had appointed a committee to answer
the letter of the French Government, and it was resolved
that the Finance Committee of the Commission, should
CQMILIALIiCAte with the corporutiog on the subject.