The Sun.
London, England, 1869-03-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 26, 1869.

the 77mes correspondent says %flat mu= aia..crr wmen
nothing is heard is also sent from America.

of constant attack. The latter they had rendered
a nullity. They had attempted to place him under
a bold, defiant, treacherous Cabinet officer ; robbed
him of the prerogative of pardon, usurping it to
favour their party adherents, conspired to change
the system of Government by impeaching him, even
contemplating before trial hie arrest, when at plea-
sure they might drive him forth from place and
power in disgrace. By reckless expenditure in
peace, they have increased the people's burdens, en-
hanced the prices of necessaries by permitting a
deranged currency, while maintaining a large army
to enforce oppression, and built up and encou-
raged monopolies to enrich a few at the ex-
pense of the many. They have failed to act upon
important treaties, thereby endangering the pre-
sent peaceful relations with foreign powers.
"By unconstitutional and oppressive enactments
the people of ten States of the Union have been
reduced to a condition more intolerable than
that from which the patriots of the Revolution re-
belled. Millions of American citizens can now say
of their oppressors with more truth than our fa-
thers did of British tyrants, that they have for- ,
bidden the Governments to pass laws of immediate
and pressing importance unless suspended until
their assent should be obtained ;' that they have
'refused to pass other laws for the accommodation
of large districts of people unless those people
would relinquish the right of representation in the
Legislature,' a right inestimable to them and for-
midable to tyrants only ; that they have made
judges dependent upon their will alone for the ten-
ure of their offices, and the amount and payment of
their salaries ;' that they have erected a multitude
of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers
to harass ourpeople and eat out their substance ; that
they have affected to render the military indepen-
dent and superior to the civil power ; combined
with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign
to our Constitution and unacknowledged by our-
selves ; quartered large bodies of armed troops
an•ong us; protected them by a mock trial from
punishment for any murders which they should
commit on the inhabitants of these States ; impost d
taxes upon us without our consent ; deprived us in
many cases of the benefit of trial by jury; taken
away our charters ; incited domestic insurrection
among us ; abolished our most valuable laws ; al-
tered fundamentally the forms of our Government ;
suspended our own Legislatures and declared them-
selves invested with power to legislate for us in all
cases whatsoever. This catalogue of crimes, long
as it is, is not yet complete. The Constitution
vests the judicial power of t'.:e United States
in one Supreme Court, whose jurisdiction shall
extend to all cases arising under the Constitu-
tion and the laws of the United States. While
impeaching him who had throughout life defended
the Constitution as well as the Union, they could
find no warrant to bring to trial the chief of
the rebellion, and for propriety's sake it became
necessary to extend to him an unconditional pardon.
Instead of seeking to make treason odious, their
intention was to punish the defence of the Consti-
tution and Union as a crime. The war, instead of
injuring, has strengthened the Constitution, and
the States reserve their rights under it." Among
these is to name the qualifications of voters in their
own State, yet Congress assumes to control this vital
right, which involves that of each State to govern
itself. That gone, they fall under the arbitrary
will of Congress, with no power worth retaining,
and the Government will be centralized through the
adoption of an amendment by partisan influence in
direct conflict with the original design of the Con-
stitution. Neither of the three great departments
should be permitted to encroach on the other or on
the reserved rights of the people and of the States.
Mr. Johnson then gives salutary advice to the
young men reared amid the sound of cannon and
the din of arms on whom will devolve the solemn
duty of perpetuating the Union, and from this he
turns to a calm review of his administration. Ile
has nothing to regret :—" Events have proved the
correctness of the policy set forth in my first and
subsequent Messages. The woes which have fol-
owed the rejection of forbearance, magnanimity,
and Constitutional rule, are known and deplored by
the nation. It is a matter of pride and gratifica-
tion, in retiring from the most exalted position i❑
the gift of a free people to feel and know that in a
long, arduous, and eventful public life my action
has never been influenced by desire for gain, an d
that I can, in all sincerity, inquire, Whom have I
defrauded ? Whom have I oppressed ? or at whose
band have I received any bribe to blind my eyes
therewith? No responsibility for wars that have
been waged, or blood that has been shed rests upon
me. My thoughts have been those of peace, and
my effort has ever been to allay contentions among
my countrymen. Forgetting the past, let us re-
turn to the first principles of the Government, and,
unfurling the banner of our country, inscribe upon
it in ineffacable characters, ' The Constitution and
the Union, oue and inseparable.' "

THE GREAT RAILROAD WAR.

(From the Anglo-American Times)
It is difficult to over-estimate the magnitude of
the object for which the American railway mono-
polies are contending, and not easy to understand
the strength of the three corporations engaged in
the strife. A member of Congress not long ago

declared that the United States would fall under

the power of a few American railway monopolists ;

indeed that the time would come when the world

would be at their feet. Europe has been so long
accustomed to regard America as a new country in

a direction out of the ordinary line, travel there

being a branching from the main highways, where
men are lost in a huge waste, reclaimed here and
there at wide intervals, that it cannot realize the

fact that right across the continent penetrating the

heart of the United States is the future highway of
the world. It is then for the control of the world's

grand road that the Pennsylvania, the Erie, and

the New York Central Railroads are struggling.

This is what the Congressman saw in his mind's
eye when he predicted that an American Railway

Company would yet rule the globe. Making every
allowance forexaggeratioa there is an extraordinary
future before any road Which could establish such
a monopoly. Indeed there is no necessity for a
monopoly, for there would be traffic enough and to
spare for all when the highway is in working order.
The fact, however, is beyond question, that such a
struggle is being carried on now mainly between
the Pennsylvania and the Erie. General opinion
seems to favour the Pennsylvania, and for obvious
reasons. That railroad is among the oldest of the
world, and has been conducted with a view not
only to monopolize the traffic of its State, one of
the richest and greatest of the Union, but of Ohio, as
well as to bear off the lion's share of the Middle West,
reaching its fork-prong on one side to Chicago, and
on the other to St. Louis. Considering that such
a line grasps the very vitals of the Union, it might
be supposed that it would satisfy the most ambi-
tious of corporations. But no. From the banks of
the Mississippi to the waters of the Pacific another
road is almost complete, and the effort is not merely
to take the lion's share of Western traffic, but that
of the through route across the Continent. Essen-
tially, the Feunsylvania is American ; it has not been
financed in Europe, but the funds by which it was '
made were raised from the districts through which
it passed, and the proprietors saw that there was
money's worth given for the money expended. In
England there is this simple rule to guide the in-
vestor--buy the stock of such railways as Americans
themselves invest in, for the temptation to speculate
with the property of the absent, and to make it a
tool to carry out designs outside the interests
of shareholders, cannot be easily resisted. The curse
of the Erie is that a large portion of its capital having
been subscribed abroad, the stock was used by the
directors as a mere handle for speculation, who,
while ruining the name of that.cotnpany, damaged
materially the prestige of railway property in the
United States. That little game is impossible with
the Pennsylvania, for the stock is so held that it
would be almost impossible lor any orger.T:llon to.
purchase such. a- :command' that 'the povier:"Tilll4
fall into their bands in.the same way asjnAlle•:4l:ro,
rival lines. Credit is a railroad power as well as •a
national power ; and while Erie credit has been
greatly damaged, the credit of the Pennsylvania
stands as high as that of any railroad. The mono-
poly contemplated by the three lines can only be
even partially secured by extensive purchases in-
volving a large outlay, and our readers will readily
see how preponderating will be the force to the com-
pany possessing it. Independent, then, of the road
itself and its wide ramifications, there are strong
reasons why the Pennsylvania should wholly suc-
ceed, while there is a positive assurance that par-
tially it must succeed. In an able article on the
great railroad war the New York Tribune thus writes
of this line :—" In Pennsylvania people were ac-
customed to look with wonder, not unmixed with
fear, at the slow but certain combinations of the
Pennsylvania Central Railroad Corporation, and it
was a common remark that its officers bad more
actual power, when they chose to exercise it, than
the Executive of the Commonwealth. It cared
little, and still cares little, for Philadelphia in itself,
and only regards that city as an outlet to the East,
as Pittsburgh is to the West. Placed between its
two great rivals, the Erie on the north, and the

Baltimore and Ohio on the south, it first set itself

to work to make the State a network of its combi-
nations and consolidations, and to hold the Camden

and Amboy as its ally and accomplice.

Ilow suc-

cessfully it accompli•hed this is shown in its bisect-
ing the New York and Erie Road at Erie by means
of its north-western route, and its defiance to the
Baltimore and Ohio at Baltimore, through its con-
trol of the Northern Central. So far-reaching and
far-seeing were its plans that the natural outlet of
the Baltimore and Ohio to New York by way of

the Cumberland, Lebanon, and Lehigh Valleys was
closed long ago by the purchase of a controlling in-
terest in the stock of the Cumberland Valley Road,
which is soon to extend from Harrisburg to the
Potomac. A company so powerful in its own State,
and whose combinations at home had been made
with a view to enjoying the traffic in transitu from
the great West, was not likely to yield that traffic
without a great struggle. When the struggle came,
if the Pennsylvania Central did not prove com-
pletely successful, it at least avoided defeat, and
forever prevented the foreclosure, in the interest of
other parties, of the mortgage it holds upon the gar-
dens of the Plains." This is the language of a New

York paper, which has steadily decried the line, whose
main terminus is in Philadelphia. Another city, how-
ever, aspires to the honour and profit of becoming
an ocean terminus for the West. The Baitlmore
and Ohio also penetrates the Alleghany Mountains,
stretching into Ohio, but the real strugle is between
the Pennsylvania and the New York Roads. The
Tribune considers that "there is no reason why the
three great trunk lines—the Erie, the Pennsyl-
vania, and the Baltimore and Ohio should not all
centre at Cincinnati, with a fair chance for compe-
tition. Nor is there any reason why all these, as
well as the New York Central, should not compete
for the traffic of the Pacific Railroads. The neces-
sities of the case require this, and though all are
selfish, and each would strangle the others, the
country is too great, its area too enormous, and its
resources too stupendous, ever to allow us to be
bound hand and foot by a single giant." Alluding
to the Erie the writer says :—" Before us lies the
map of ' the great broad- gauge double-track route'
—' 1,250 miles under one management'—' 860
miles without change of coaches.' To look at it
the whole Western country seems cut up with the
connnections of the Erie, and from a single stem it
spreads out like a leaf in shape and proportions.
But this map is made for the eye, and not for the
head ; for the vision, and not for the judgment.
When you come to scrutinize it you find that it
conveys too much, and is a map of the West rather
as the Erie wishes it to be than as it is. On the
map of Ben. Smith's roads the Pittsburgh, Fort
Wayne, and Chicago route has scarcely any exist.;
ence, and on those of the latter the Ben. Smith-_
combinations are dwarfed out of their importance ;
but every road in the West, however insignificant
ten or even five years ago, is now of consequence as
part of, or a feeder to, one of the great trunk lines.
The trunk lines with their connections now stand.
as follows:—The New York Central gets to Cleve-
land by the Lake Shore Road, and to Chicago by
the Cleveland and Toledo, and the Michigan South-
ern and Northern Indiana. The line to Chicago is
unbroken, and unless the movement of Gould upon
the Michigan Southern should weaken it, it is
secure to Vanderbilt. To St. Louis it has an un-
broken line from Toledo, via Springtiell. This
line appears on the maps as the Toledo, Wabash,
and Western, the Great Western, and the Chicago,
Alton, and St. Louis. Before Ben. Smith snapped
it, it had another route from Cleveland to St. Louis,
but new its line via Belefoutaine is broken at India-
napolis. It consists of a part of the Cleveland, Co-
lumbus, and Cincinnati, and the Bellefontaine
Roads. The Eric has a lease of the Ohio and Mis-
sissippi by which it reaches St. Louis from-Cinciu-
. nati, and it gets to Cincinnati by the Atlantic and
Great Western and the roads leased by the latter
road. The Atlantic and Great 'Western carries the
line from Salamanca to Dayton, and the recently
consummated lease of the Cincinnati, Hamilton,

and Dayton Road to Cincinnati. This lease is
made nominally to the Atlantic and Great Western
—the latter being leased to the. Erie for twelve
years, from December 12th, 18t18—and includes
either as part of the line, or as feeders, the Ha-
milton and Eaton, the Dayton and Michigan, and
the Cincinnati, Richmond, and Chicago Roads.
The Pennsylvania Central, with the connections
it now has, is the most extensive Railroad Cor-
poration in the world. The Pan Handle line
reaches from Pittsburgh to Columbus, and from
Columbus it gets to Cincinnati by the Little Mi
ami, which has leased the Columbus and Xe-
nia Railroad, with the understanding that both
roads shall be leased to the Pennsylvania. The
Ben Smith Roads carry it to Chicago and St.
Louis, and furnish it, besides, with very important
feeders, among which are the Toledo, Peoria, and
Warsaw Railroad, the section between Logansport
and the Illinois line being owned by the Columbus,
Chicago, and Indian Central. This feeder may
soon receive another branch from Peoria to Rock
Island, and will surely have one to Burlington. The
Pennsylvania Central and Ben Smith are also the
principal owners of the Indianapolis and Vincennes
and the Cairo and Vincennes Roads, which form
the most direct line to Cairo. The work on these
roads is nearly completed, and they will soon be
in 'gunning order. The Pennsylvania Central is
also negotiating for the Cincinnati, Indianapolis,
and Lafayette Road, but what will come of this,
remains to be seen; while it is said the Erie is
now ready to fight out the battle for the possession
of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and. Chicago Road."
The object of the struggle he thus describes :
" Who shall control a through line from New York
to Omaha? Who have the shortest and best con-
nection with the. Union Pacific Railroad? Who
hold the two ends of the continent in his grasp,
and feel that the girdle is his which binds the
Western World ? JAY GOULD says, 'lt is mine,'
and clasps hands with VANDERBILT to exclude a
powerful rival from any share in its enjoyment.
Immediately there are heavy purchases, and a con-
sequent advance in the shares of the Ohio and Mis-
sissippi and other railroad connections with the
Erie in the West. If all his purposes had been
consummated a further rise for speculative pur-
poses at least would have been secured in other
roads, and the Erie would have been complete
master of the situation. But while the Erie ma-
nagers sought to exclude the Pennsylvania Cen-
tral from the entire North-west, the managers of
the latter company aimed at controlling the
entire trade of both the North-west and South-
west. The Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago
Road was the natural route in the one direc-
tion, and the Pan Handle (Pittsburgh, Colum-
bus, and St. Louis), the Columbus and Xenia, and
4he Little Miami Roads in the other. Not content
'ivith acquiring all these, it endeavoured to secure
,qven the broad-gauge route, which had been the
pride and the boastof the Erie. If the Pennsylvania
interest had obtained the Ohio and Mississippi in
addition to these, it would have had a monopoly of
the trade of the entire South and West, but the
hrod-gauge alliance proved too, strong for this,
and, th movement failed." it- is difficult for
,Europeans who have no personal knowledge of the
States to trace out the complications in the railway
network, but though they see the map crossed in
every direction there are but few trunk lines which
bear the produce and persons of the Western far-
mers to the Atlantic, and the great power of these
lines is in the fact that each of them controls
the Government of the State through which it
reaches the sea. Those who glance at the map will
perceive the strength of the corporation which claims
Pennsylvania as its own ground. Not only has it
this artificial control, but it has a natural strength
in the fact that its grand trunk line penetrates
the huge barrier of the Alleghany Mountains, and
the possession of Pennsylvania is the possession of
a territory, which is the chief manufactory of the
States, containing three times as much coal as United
Great Britain' and more than the whole of Europe.
The New York Central is a northern line reaching
Chicago by the Lake Shore, and supposing that
Commodore VANDERBILT beat the Pennsylvanian
in monopolizing through Chicago the traffic of the
Union Pacific Railroad the Pennsylvania could push
to completion the Eastern Division by the contem-
plated route through New Mexico, Arizona, and.
Southern California to the Pacific. Indeed, it has stea-
dily kept that in view as the best route, which would
secure to it, beyond peradventure, the overland traf-
fic, much in this way, thata man who is in Trafalgar-
square does not go by Oxford-street to the City.
Those who are north will keep to the northern line,
while those who are south would not cross the
southern to proceed by the northern. At this
moment the Union Pacific Railway is blocked with
snow, and the Pacific steamships carry the California
mails by the Isthmus of Panama. This is, and
always has been, considered the drawback to the
Omaha route, which could have no existence in the
southern line, and that this road will eventually be
constructed is beyond doubt. Whatever then may
be the immediate result of the Railway war, in the
end the Pennsylvania will assuredly have something
very like a monopoly, not only of the traffic of some
of the most productive of the Western States, but
of the through route to the Pacific, and with such a
future it is no exaggeration to speak of the Pennsyl-
vania Company as the greatest corporation in the
world. The shareholders in the company who
may have regarded the continuous increase from
year to year in the capital stock and bonded debt
of this company with anxiety, by a careful exami-
nation of the annual reports will readily perceive
that each increase has produced as great a direct
pecuniary return on such new capital as before, while
the politic results, aimed at and secured by the
expenditure, have been well worth the outlay, even
had they been unattended with the resulting profit.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

CITY AND

IUBURBAN.

Age st lb Age st lb
See Saw ... 4 9 4 Alpenstock ... 3 6 3
Silenus ••• 5 8 18 King Cophetua ... 3 6 2
Van Amburgh ... 5 8 5 Vagabond ... 3 6 2
Michael de Basco... 4 8 4 The Drummer 3 6 2
Vauban ... 5 8 0 Arlington ... 3 6 2
Cap-a-pie ... 4 8 U Bradgate ... 3 6 2
Friday ... a 713 Conrad ... 3 6 2
Lady Coventry 47128 r to Ravioli ... 36 1
The Parson ... 4 712 The Returned ... 4 6 1
John Leech ... 4 7 10 Miss Theo .- 3 6 0
. 4 7 8 Emilia .. 3 6 0
Sunstroke ... ... 4 7 6 Consternation ... 3 6 0
Sister to Vedette... 5 7 6 The Baroness ... 3 6 0
Eastley •.. ... 47 4 Hermitage... ~. 4 513
Columbine ... 5 7 2 Garenne colt ... 3 5 13
Warrington ... 4 7 2 Pimpernel (lato
Choral ... ... 4 7 1 Clara) ... ... 3 513
Lady Henrietta ... 4 7 1 Allbrook ... 3 5 12
The Sawyer 4 7 0 Kaupai ... a 5 10
Make Haste 4 7 0 Provider ... 3 5 10
Punishment ._ 4 6 13 Champagne Charlie 3 510
Robespierre ... 3 6 13 Birthday ... 3 5 10
Bonny Katie 3 6 12 Cherie 3 5 10
Head Centre 4 6 12 Vivace filly .. 3 5 10
Our Mary Ann 4 6 11 Giantess ... ... 3 5 10
Cocoa Nut... ... 3 6 11 Thirlestane ... 3 5 9
Good Hope 3 610 Buxton ... 3 5 9
Poinsettia ... 3 6 9 Wrestler ... ... 3 5 9
Citron A. 4 6 9 Teeswater ... 3 5 9
Acorn ... 4 6 7 La Belle Helene .., 3 5 9
Atonement ... 3 6 7 Bribery filly ... 3 5 9
Attack g. ... 5 6 6 Anlaeo ... 3 5 7
Walmer 3 6 6 Vacuum ... 3 5 7
Redivivus ... 4 6 5 Queen Esther 3 5 7
Border Knight 3 6 4

GREAT METROPOLITAN STAKES.

Age st lb
John Davis a 8 12
Blueskin ...4 8 9
Cap-a-pie ... 4 8 8
Friday a 8 5
Kingsland... ... 4 8 1
Miss Havelock ... 6 7 12
Canine 5 7 11
Warrington ... 4 7 9
Gipsy King ... 5 7 7
Fitz-Adam. ... 4 7 7
Choral 4 7 6
Planet ... a 7 5
Ligurian ... 4 7 2
... 4 7 2
Robespierre ... 3 7 2
Our Mary Ann ... 4 7 0
Atonetnent 3 6 13
Belfast 4 6 12

Ago st lb
•
Redivivus 4 6 12
The Drummer ... 3 6 9
Alpenstock 3 6 9
Ladoga, ... 3 6 9
Vagabond ... 3 6 9
Viven g ... 5 6 7
Arlington ... ... 3 6 6
Brad gate ... ... 36 6
Clovis ... 4 6 5
Provider ... ... 3 6 2
Workman ... ... 3 6 1
Archduke ... ... 3 6 0
Teeswater... ... 3 6 0
La Belle Helene 3 5 13
Vansittart ... 3 5 13
Vacuum ... ... 3 513
Bribcry f ... 3 5 13
Buckenham's dam f 3 5 10

NEWMARKET

Age st lb
See Saw :.. 4 8 12
Restitution ... 4 8 10
John Davis ... a 8 4
Miss Sarah li ... 5 E 0
Gondolier ... 4 7 13
Nelusko ... 4 7 12
Blueskin ... 4 7 12
Cap-a-Pie ... 4 7 12
Pero Gomez ... 3 7 12
Mariner ...4 7 11
Cecil ... ... 4 7 11
Knight Errant ... 5 711
Flying Scud ... 5 7 9
Geant desßattailles 4 7 7
... 4 7 1
Nyanza ...4 7 1
Warrington ... 4 7 0
Choral ... 4 610
Punishment ... 4 6 7
Stokeley 5 6 7
The Laird ... 4 6 7
Attack gelding ~, 6 6 6