The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-14 00:00:00

politan branch), and thze could be no doubt that
she would on the earlost opportunity avail her-
self of the power whichihe had placed in her hands.

The restoration tc CHRISTINA of all her ill-
gotten gains—even tie bringing back of that busy
intriguer—was not stfficietit to arrest his down-
fall. NARVAEZ bid ligher for Royal favour, and
the natural result folbweci, as a matter of course.
O'DONNELL has bees d isgraced, and NARVAEZ
commissioned to constitute a new Cabinet in place
of that so recently °gist ructed by O'DONNELL.

The following proiral nme of the new Adminis-
tration has already leer( put forward, viz. :

44 NARVAEZ ....President of the Council.
`` PIDAL ~...Foreign Affairs.
gg SEIJ AS
g NOCEDA.L Interior.
gg ARASOIOA. Justice.
URBISTONDO
cc LEBSIINDI Marine."

England never probably before took so much
interest as just now in a Transatlantic election ;
the political news by each steamer is read with
as much avidity as the commercial advices--in-
deed, by the great majority of readers, with
much more. Every one of us here is hoping for
FRE3IANT'S success, and it may be safely stated
that the sole and single cause of this, is our interest
in that, to assert which the States foreswore their
mother country, namely— that all men are
born equal and independent. A truth, never-
theless, in which the Old country now
carries out immeasurably further than the
Now one. The hour of decision is at hand,
and the 4th of November will decide the mo-
mentous question whether slaveholders or free-
men are to rule the great Republic. By the
middle of that month, or little after, we may
expect to hear whether the stripes or the stars
have triumphed ; to hear which is destined even-
tually to obliterate the other—the emblem from
the earliest days of blessings dawning upon earth,
or the emblem which must have been added by
that curse of his species, the man-stealer.
Notwithstanding all the hopeful signs of
the present we fear the worst. We see
and rejoice in the spirit aroused in the
North ; and we see what we think would
arouse Englishmen to rout slaveholders as
they did the Lords on the Reform Bill, and the
landlords on the Corn Laws. But, and we say
it deliberately, we fear Americans have lost
much of that unselfish determined courage which
distinguishes our countrymen. In the first place,
their moral and religious principle has been
thoroughly sapped by slavery. The freemen of
the North itself have long kept a guilty conscience;
they have yielded and comp romised, and compro-
mised and yielded on the slave question till they
are ashamed to own by a practical step that they
have taken hitherto a mean and unprincipled
course. Their ministers of religion are worse
than their laymen, and from asking for mercy
for slaveholders they have come to cite the
Gospel itself in their favour. Then they have
acquired for the poor negro the hatred of the
wrong-doer for his victim. Themselves a
white skinned population from the Old World,
they detest their darker-skinned brethren, im-
ported by compulsion, after having enriched
themselves by their labours. They will not walk,
nor eat, or travel, or even worship their common
MAKER with them. They treat them, while living,
as Bishops here do Dissenters when dead. Hence
their interest in the oppressed of the man-stealers
is without the inspiration of a generous philan-
thropy—without just that inspiration which de-
termined at any cost to emancipate our own West
India slaves. Then, again, the North is as used
to defeat as the South to triumph. Outnumbering
the Southerns, non-slaveholders included, three
to one, they have yet always been threshed.
They have sold themselves for their mortgages on
Southern estates, and for fear of Southern
threats. If beaten now, it will be but one
more addition to a score defeats, and it will
seem something quite in due course, for a Yankee
to knock under to a Southern.

In addition to the above, General SANZ has
been appointed Captairt-General of Madrid ; and
General PEZUELA Director of Cavalry.
From the above it will be seen that the quasi
constitution is virtually subverted, and that
Absolutism is now -paramount at Madrid. Under
different circumstances we might have antici-
pated some demonsization throughout the country.
But no Liberal would think of taking up arms,
or making the sliglaest effort in favour of O'Dort-
NELL. By his conduct on the 14th July and
the following days, he had forfeited every claim
to public confidenco, and the avowed antagonism
of NARYAEZ would justly be esteemed as prefer-
able to the pretended friendship of O'DONNELL.
We know not low the present movement will
be received by the French EMPEROR. It was
snore than hinted that his Ambassador, the Mar-
quis DE TURGOT exercised no trivial influence in
bringing O'DoNNEnn into power, and his conduct
was shortly afterwards not merely approved, but
applauded, in a semi-official article in the Moniteur,
wl Lich spoke of the affair as "affording a favour-
ab le chance for establishing a constitutional (I)
Gt ivernment on a firm basis ; and hailed with
sympathy a change of a nature to consolidate the
th rene of ISABELLA. !" It also gave " credit to
M arshal O'DoNNEnn for having attempted, with-
ot tt a coup d'etat (?), to re-itore order to Spain,
th e first and indispensable basis of liberty," and
ez pressed an earnest hope that it would " put an
en d to those coups d'etat and to those baneful
pr onunciamentos." What, then, will the Moniteur
an its Imperial Director now say to the present
ovement, will it witness the overthrow of its
protege with sincere gratification ?—will it con-
sider the appointment of NARYAEZ and the re-
turn of MARIA CHRISTINA as affording a further
" favourable chance of establishing a constitu-
tional Government on a favourable basis," or
'" hail it with sympathy" as " a change of a
mature to consolidate the throne of ISABELLA 1"

Nous yarrow. Time will tell. At present it
is indeed difficult to anticipate the policy of the
Imperial Cabinet. As to O'DoNNELL's over-
throw, we predicted it abinitie. It was inevitable;
and the access to power of NARVAEZ was what
naturally followed the next turn of the wheel.
O'DorarELL had paved the way for the triumph
of his rival.

There is another Eastern difficulty on the Lapis.
We are actually at war at this moment ! Many
will be startled at the announcement ; but, for
the time being at least, there are no grounds for
serious apprehensions. Our opponent at
present is only Persia, and the power of the
Smilax is not of a very formidable character.
When, however, we look more closely to the
origin of the dispute, the political horizon be-
, comes darker, the prospect more inauspicious.
We see that there is more in it than meets the
eye at a mere casual inspection, and that there
are serious complications "looming in the future"
that may possibly involve England in a great war,
in which she will have to put forth all her energies,
and make the most strenuous exertions.

The seizure of Herat, either by Persia or with
Persian connivance and encouragement (the true
state of affairs is not very accurately known), is
the foundation of the dispute. The readers of
The Sun will recollect that, while the allied troops
were in the Crimea, the seizure of Herat was
noticed and commented on in our columns, and
at the time it appeared as if the movement had
taken place under Russian inspiration, and that
the SONAR had lent himself as an instrument to
promote the views of his dangerous neighbour.
Taken, per se, Herat was of no great importance,
but it had been by some persons regarded as the'
key to India, which any overland invader would
have to occupy before he could venture on a
movement in advance. Under these circumstances
the British Government had thought proper to
declare it to be the property of its quondam
opponent, DosT MAUOMET, and to guarantee
its possession to him. We are now called
on to redeem the itnprovident pledge, and
England is required to make war on Persia in
order to secure DosT MAIIOMET the restoration of
the disputed territory. The matter would be
easy enough but for the distance, "It is a far
cry to Herat"—not less than 700 or 800 miles
from the nearest point on the sea coast where a
British expedition could be landed !

On the other hand, he of the cat-o'-nine-tails,
the bowie knife and the revolver, has everything
to lose. A retreat from Kansas will be a retreat
from Moscow. He has also his honour as con-
queror to maintain, while his opponent has no
honour to lose. His property in the bodies and
souls of men is pretty directly at stake, while the
Northern is affected only indirectly. He stands
up with the consciousness of absolute lordship,
and talks as a monarch ; the poor Yankee is mas-
ter of nothing but his own body, and talks of dol-
lars only, while the other boasts of his hundreds
of implicitly obedient subjects. It is astonishing
to notice the Royal and Imperial tone of the
men of the South, and the meek recognition
of supremacy by the men of the North. The
very look of the slay eholding aristocracy seems to
intimidate the plebs of the North as the human
eye is said to intimidate the lion. How easy for
the latter to crush the former—but the LEGREE
fixes his glance, and the Yankee—the " blue
belly" as it seems the Southerner elegantly calls
him—quails ! We fear very much this reciprocal
prestige and awe.

It is true Governor REEDER and Mr. Speaker
BANKS have endeavo ured to work on the fears o
the New Yorkers. The former has pointed out
the infallible consequences of their being girdled
around by slave states, and the immense
annual overflow from their rapidly increas-
ing population being confined within their
present limits. And Mr. BANKS has forcibly
illustrated the great naval and military cost
they must incur if they go on annexing Cuba and
the Isthmus, as BUCHANAN and slaveholders re-
quire, since they cannot hope to retain them
without rivalling at sea the great naval Powers
of Europe. There should be much in these argu-
ments, but we fear certain calculations about
cotton-bags and dollars, and narrow prejudices,
and cowardice of the kind we have alluded to, will
outweigh them with the many. Perhaps the
most dangerous fact is, that the slaveholders are
united to a man, and compel all the non-slave-
bolding whites in the South, who are nine times
more numerous than themselves, to unite with
them. The much-heard-of Missourian border
ruffian bands are all composed of these non-slave-
holding " miserable whites." Everything in the
South is subordinated to retaining their iniqui-
tous predominance ; 150,000 slaveholders and
6,000,000 non-slaveholders act as oneman. In the
North, on the contrary, the Free State men have a
hundred party distinctions, and men at Now
York can make a great display for FILLMORE,
while their very position is in danger of being
turned by the enemy.

This is certainly an impediment of no ordinary
magnitude to our valorous aspirations. Before
we undertake au expedition to Herat we may
well pause to count the coat, to see by what ex-
penditure of men and money our object can be
attained. It is much easier to enter into war
than to extricate ourselves therefrom. Taking
the matter in even the most favourable point of
view, and supposing that Russia should observe a
strict and bona fide neutrality, what should we
have to pay for our support of the illustrious
Dost ? This is an important question, that
should be clearly and unequivocally answered
before we suffer ourselves to be inextricably in-
volved .

It may be said that the step is taken for the
security. and protection of India, and that the
expenses thereof are to be defrayed by the Anglo-
Indian Government ! This is all very well so
far as it goes. But who should be the paymaster if
the Indian revenues proved deficient The pro-
prietors of E Ist'lndia Stock must receive a certain
fixed sum, for a limited period, whether there be
a surplus or a deficiency in the Indian Exchequer.
All other necessary expenses must be provided
for under any circumstances. It is, therefore, a
distinction without a difference, to speak of the
war being carried on at the cost of the East India
Company. It is about the same as if a
man congratulated himself on taking rnor ey
out of his right hand, in plaqe of out of his
left hand pocket. As yet we are not moving
upon Herat. That absurdity is wanting ! But
au expedition of 10,000 men, with all its con-
comitants, is to be despatched to seize upon an
Island—Karrack—in the Persian Gulf, with the
avowed intention of attacking the port of Bushire,
should the demonstration fail in bringing the Stan'
to his senses. Or, in other words, should Rus-
sia be desirous of obtaining English capital, for
the establishment of twenty steam-vessels, ready
to be converted into ships of war, and for

And lastly conies in the very mode of election,
for the Presidency. It is not a direct election,
but en election by delegates, and if no candidate
has an absolute majority of the delegates the
House of Representatives has the choice of a Pre-
sident. The members of the House do not, how-
ever, vote individually, but in states ; New York,
with its thirty-three representatives, would have
but one vote iu the house. Now, as the present
house was elected before the present excitement,
there is little doubt that it would either elect
BUAILANAN, or contest the point till, by an-
other regulation the election would fall to
the Senate, who would, of course, choose
Filairery man, As things now stand the

the construction of a line of military railways -whole number of electoral delegates is 296 ;
throughout its dominions before it flings of these the Slave States send 120, the Free States
away the scabbard. If we wanted to check rirG. This ought to secure FREMONT the victory,
Russia, we should have done so while she as if he obtain 140 votes his election is safe.
lay at our mercy. We should have anticipated But, strange to say, Pennsylvania, with twenty-
the Herat difficulty before the ratification of the seven votes, is doubtful ; and New Jersey also,
Precious Treaty ! As it is, we have obtained a with her seven votes. Should these be given to
brief armistice, at the price of transferring the the Whig candidate, FILLMORE, who, according to
contest from the place where it could be con- all accounts, has no chance of success for himself,
ducted on the most favourable terms to ourselves FREMONT would no longer have the absolute ma-
to another selected by the enemy. This does not jority of one hundred and forty-nine. The elec-
exhibit much wisdom, or enable us to look with tion would go to Congress, and either BUCHANAN
satisfaction at the policy of our rulers. It is to would be chosen there, or one of the Pro,slavery
be regretted that Parliament is not sitting ; but Tice-Presidents would become President while the
it is therefore the more incumbent on public House was disputing on the question. While, there-
journalists to warn the community of the impend- fore, we hope the best, we must yet confess that
ing danger, between the facilities for electioneering trickery
_ _

and the past relations of the North and the South
we fear the worst.

LATEST NEWS.

CHANGE OF MINISTRY IN SPAIN.

MADRID, OCT. 12.

O'Donnell has resigned, and With him all his
colleagues. The Queen has accepted their resig-
nations.

Narvaez has been called upon to form a new

Cabinet.

OCT. 12, EVENING.
The New Spanish Ministry is composed as
follows :
NARVAEZ, President of the Council.
PIDAL, Foreign Affairs.
SEWAS, Finances.
NOCEDAL, Interior.
ARASOLA, Justice.
URBISTONDO, War.
LERSIINDI, Marine.

General Sanz has been appointed Captain-
General of Madrid, and General Pezuela Director

of Cavalry.

VIENNA, TUESDAY.

Signor Salvador Bermudez Castro has been ap-
pointed Ambassador of Spain at this Court.
It is rumoured at the Bourse here to-day that
Baron Brenier has received orders to quit Naples.
The Bourse is in a very languishing condition.

The Debats of yesterday contains the following
statement :—" We believe that the pretensions
raised by Russia with regard to the Isle of Ser-
pents have been abandoned. Russia has given
way, and the Isle of Serpents will again become a
possession of Turkey."

A few clays ago we published da
document, bear-
ing the signature of Fuad Pacha, in which that
minister asserted the right of the Sultan to annex
the isles of the Danube directly to his empire, and
to exercise full sovereign rights over them, in-
stead of per witting their incorporation with Mol-
davia and accepting the relation of lord para-
mount. The Debats of yesterday says that Russia
resisted this claim at first, but that the Cabinets
of Vienna and London having pronounced in
favour of Turkey, the Czar has given way.
The Bolgrad difficulty remains in all its force.

The Paris correspondent of the Times (second
edition) in his letter dated yesterday, says :

"It is stated on good authority that a note,
which I presume we may consider as an ultima-
I turn, was despatched on Saturday to Naples by
the French Government. In it the King is in-
formed that if he persists in rejecting the advice
of the Allied Governments, Baron Brenier, the
Minister of France at Naples, would be with-
drawn, and all diplomatic relations cease. It
is also believed that a similar communication
has been made by the English Govern-
ment. If the Ministers are recalled the
fleets will proceed to the Bay of Naples for the
protection of the French and English residents ;
and a letter from that city, dated the 7th, men-
tions that the opinion was general that the appear-
ance of the English and French flags would be the
signal of a movement in Sicily. The note is, I
am assured, couched in moderate but firm terms.
How King Ferdinand will receive it remains to
be seen. _ _

The correspondent Paris
----
• of the Morning Post
(second edition) says :
" I am told that a telegraphic despatch has
reached Paris from Naples to-day (Monday) stating
that the King would not allow any one to speak
to him on existing difficulties ; and that the mem-
bers of the royal family had been commanded not
to offer their advice. Defensive preparations con-
tinued. One American and one Austrian ship of
war were in the bay. An English steamer was
expected with anxiety. The city was tranquil."

A letter, dated Constantinople, Oct. 3, has jua
been received, from which we extract the fol
lowing :

" The question of the Principalities has come
altogether to a dead stop, and it is difficult to see
how it is to go on, unless some arrangement be
made with regard to Bolgrad and the Serpents'
Island. It seems pretty certain that the Austrians
make their evacuation dependent on the settlement
of these disputed points. The letters which I have
received from the Principalities prove what I ad-
vanced in my former letters, namely, that Russia's
calculations were correct, and that the delay in the
evacuation is attributed not to Russia, who raised
the disputed questions, but to the apathy and
weakness of the Western Powers, who allow the
Austrians to remain when there is no real neces-
sity for their stay. When one watches the
rising of this feeling of diffidence in the intentions
of the allies, One cannot help regretting that
the hurry with which the Treaty prevented the possibility of the chief points regard
ing the Principalities being settled at the Conferences
at Paris. Whatever the allies would have thenio
was concluded
decided abDut the future organisation of Alo d d-
Wallachia would have been accepted as a boon and
without cavilling, whereas now the expectations
the provinces are stretched to such a.Leiiintto)
idea of their own importance has la and
such
more proble-
degree, that it becomes every .
matic 'whether the best intentions
will ever be able to satisfy their oexcitedfthespairlliitess.
The longer the work of
ulose in the isation is delayed,
the more ground the willallirees-°rg a
Princi-
palities. Nobody will understand in those pro-
vinces that there are other
aconnstihdeergauteiosntisona tofleas least
h
the
as important, if not more
than
for the general policy
of the allies iu the East,
Principalities theumelves, and that, by insisting on
their just claims, the allies only fight the battle of
themselves."
the Principalities

THE NEW SPANISH MINISTRY.
The Paris Correspondent of the Times (second
edition) thus comments on the new ministers
‘, it is superfluous to say who and what General
Narvaez is. M. Pidal, now for the second time
Minister of Foreign Affairs, is, with his brother-
M. Mon, an ardent partisan of Maria
Christina. He was Minister of the Interior
in 1845-6. He is an ardent and somewhat
violent partisan, as becomes a member of
the Moderado party. He more than once so
far forgot himself in full Parliament as to speak of
Lord Palmerston as the principal object of his
hatred. Against his personal probity I have never
heard anything alleged. He was made a marquis,
I believe, for the support he
gave to the Spanish
marriages. He is an advocate by profession. Seijas
Lozano is also a member of the bar, of considerable
learning, though of narrow mind. He is also