The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THMISDA,,Y EVENING, JUL Y 26, 1860.

BRITISH POSSESSIONS.

,
Share Railways. Paid. ',c, Closin !
!Business done
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{'
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20 Zealand

THE WHITWORTH CANNON.

OFFICIAL EXPERIMENTS AT SOUTHPORT.
Another series of experiments with the rifled
cannon of Mr, Joseph Whitworth, C.E. of Man-
chester, was commenced yesterday, upon the beach
near Southport. The site was the same as those
upon which the experiments were conducted a few
months ago ; but the circumstances were very
different. Then, Mr. Whitworth was trying au
arm, not unknown, but really untested ; but the
results, for accuracy of line-firing and extent of
range, taken as a whole, we believe to be still
unequalled. Since then, he has shown how com-
pletely his 801 b bolt, at 200 yards' distance,
smashed through 4in. plates of iron sheathing, and
the timbers and frame of a mortar-boat ; and yes-
terday, the experimentS at Southport were in effect
altogether in the hands of the chosen representa-
tives of the Government.
There were present yesterday General Sir J. F.
B urgoyne, Bart., G.C. 8., RE., Inspector General of
Fortifications ; Col. St. George, for the War Office ;
Col. Bingham (a member of the Defence Committee),
for his Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief;
Capt. Moore, R.N., secretary to the Duke of Somer-
set, First Lord of the Admiralty ; Capt. Herbert, of
the gunnery ship, Excellent, at Portsmouth ; Capt.
Halstead, who has, we believe, a command in con-
nection with the gunboat squadron ; Capt. Egerton,
of the St. George; Lieut.-Colonel T. B. F. Mar-
riott, R.A., and Captain Wrottesley, R.A. ; Lieut.-
General Sir G. A. Wetherall, K.C.8., K.H., com-
manding the northern arid midland districts, and
Lieutenant-Colonel Shadwell, assistant-adjutant-
general; Captain Lake, late of the Scotch Fusilier
Guards, and a " Waterloo hero," kc. There were
also on the ground about a score of blue jackets
from the Excellent, who were specially in the
charge of Lieutenant Austen ; and three brigadiers
and 10 gunners of the Royal Artillery, chiefly of
the Coast-guard Brigade, from the detachment at
the North Fort on the Mersey, who were in the
charge of Lieutenant Marshall.
The non-professional spectators included hie
Mackie, Esq., mayor of Manchester; J. W. Weston,
Esq., mayor of Salford ; Aldermen Sir Elkanah
Armitage and Sir James Watts ; Messrs. William
Marshall, George Wilson, and Blacklock, directors
of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Com-
pany, with other members of that board ; Mr.
Joseph Heron, town clerk, and Captain Palin, chief
constable of Manchester ; with a large number of
other professional and non-professional gentlemen,
including some of the chief officers of the Lancashire
and Yorkshire Railway Company.
There were four guns upon the shore,—an 80-
pounder, a 12-pounder, a 3-pounder, and a 1-
pounder, the last never having been seen in public
previously. That reason, perhaps, induced the spec-
tators to wish for a sample of what such a mounted
walking-cane-like weapon could do; but the wish
was not gratified—doubtless for some sufficient
reason. The fine day and the present crowded
state of Southport attracted a much larger concourse
ofpersons than was seen at any of the previous ex-
periments. Of course Mr. Whitworth was present,
with his partner, Mr. Wall, and some of his chief
assistants ; but they rendered only such assistance
as was asked, except that in the earlier parts of
the day the skilful gunner of Mr. Whitworth's
who had before so well " laid" the guns, occa-
sionally supervised the sighting.
At half-past eleven o'clock the artillerymen took
charge of the 12. pounder, from which they fired in
succession 50 rounds. The results, as ascertained
at a late hour, may b© thus summarised :-
12-POUNDER : ELEVATION, 10 DEG. ; CHARGE, 2LB.
Yards Yards Deviation Yards Yards Deviation
Range. from Line of Fire. Range. from Line of Fire.
1. 4153 .... 10A Right. 6. 4228 10 Right.
2. 4102 10 „ 7. 4252 .. 14 ~
3. 4117 .... 8i „ 8. 4276 10 „
4. 4218 9 „ 9. 4131 .... „
5. 4236 .... 4} „ 10. 4205 .... 12 „
This was not good as regarded the line ; but the
ranges were considered excellent. The divergences
were mainly owing to that which must always
east any body of men, however well trained—
want of acquaintance with a new weapon :
ELEVATION, 7 DEGS. ; CHARGE, 1i LB.
1. 3160 .... 1 1-3 d Right 6: 3119 1 1-3 d Right
2. F 039 5 1-3 d 7. 3122 .... 2
3. 3233 .... 2 1-3 d , 8. 3037 .... 1.3 d „
4. 3043 4 7) 9. 3061 3
5. 3100 3 10. 3057 1-3 d Left.
ELEVATION, 5 DEGS. ; CHARGE, 1:i LB.
Ten shots were fired at this elevation, but by a
mistake in the sighting the first five were really
fired at 2i degs. ; so that we shall omit them alto-
gether. The remainder were thus posted up :-
1. 2540
2. 2.560 -3d „6. 2557 -3d 3. 2502 -3d „ „
The error mentioned evidently affected the cor-
rectness of the five shots fired at the intended
elevation.

ELEVATION 3 DEWS.: CHARGE, /1 L.
It has many times been alleged that " the Whit-
worth cannot fire shell as well as shot ; so that the
Armstrong, which can do both, has an incon—
testable superiority." We have throughout known
that the allegation was based upon au assumption
that a thing not done from want of time,
could not be done at all ; and we submit the follow•
ing results to the heretofore objectors. Of course,
the Whitworth shell was not charged, and was
therefore lighter than the shot—a remark which
we doubt not applies equally to all. known experi-
ments with the Armstrong gun and shell.
SILOS. SHELL.
1. 1739.. 2 2-3 d Left 6 1828.. I-3d Right
2. 1785.. 1 7. 1506.. 1 2-3 d ,
3. 1810.. 2-3 d B. 1826.. 3 1.3 d Left
4. 1.574.. 2 2-3 d , 9. 1733.. 2-3 d Right
5. 1717.. 2-3 d " 10. 1824.. I-3d "
ELEVATION, 1 DEG, ; CHARGE, ll LB.
This gun was not fired at less than 3 degs. in the
previous experiments; but a nearly point-blank
range is considered by artillery officers a most im-
portant one for real work in the field ; so that the
firing was watched with great interest by the
officers and also by Mr. Whitworth. These were
the results :-
1 787 .... 1-6 Right. 6. 875 ~... 1-3 Left.
2. 843 .... 1-3 Left.
3. 771 .... 1-3 Right. 8. 827 ....
1-3 Right.
4. 794 .... 1 3 Left. 19. 823 .... 2-3 Left.
5. 757 .... 2 ~ I 10. 886 .... 1-3 "
The ricochetting of both shot and shell was, profes-
sionally speaking, " beautifully "—that is, they
touched and flew from the ground many times,
never rising high, so that, amongst bodies of men
and horses, they would have "told" constantly and
well. As to the divergence from the true line
of fire, the figures speak for themselves ; as to
the range, we heard something spoken by men
whom we have no doubt at all spoke from expe-
rience, but we give the remarks " for what they
are worth." Briefly, it was said that the Arm-
strong 12-pounder has never, at 1 deg. of elevation,
sent its projectile more than a very little over 600
yards for its " first graze ;" and that an old smooth-
boreiron regulation gun was always thought
to have done capital work if; under like circum-
stances, it cleared 400 yards. The Whitworth gun
gave, as above, an average of close upon 800 yards
with solid shot, and of very nearly 850 yards with
shell.

The 12-pounder gun was now removed; and the
officers and men from the Excellent took charge of
the 80-pounder for which they had been specially
sent to Southport. As they are well up with
heavy ordnance rather than with that of the
lighter calibres, and as the 80-pounder still
remains upon its old ship's carriage, the
appropriateness of the manning must be
evident. The low elevation of 1 degree was
adhered to ; the lowest previously at Southport
having been, we think, 3 deg. These were the re-
turns as to the only ten rounds fired :-
80-POUNDER : ELEVATION 1 DEG.; CHARGE 12LB.
Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards.
Range. Deviation. Rant-re. Deviation.
1. 799 .... 1-3 d Left 6. 876 2 Left
2. 737 • • • • 1 / 7, 994 On line.
959
3. 727 .... 2-3 d 8. •
4. 769 1 2 .3d ~ 9. 999 • • • 2 2
2-3 d right
„
5. 774 .... 2-3 d I, 10. 1008 : : . 11.3d1
-3d left.
The ricochetting of these huge bolt-projectiles
was very fine to look at, but very terrible to think
of, in the matter of effect. If the officers of high
rank present, or any of them, entertained the
opinion that "bolts" were so far useless in the field
that they wouid always have a very decided ten.
dency to bury themselves in soft ground, rather than
to ricochet, we fancy that yesterday's practice at 1
deg. must have disabused them of that opinion, a 2
it was very probably meant to be a practical
test of the doubt. Even in the Southport sands,
the grazes showed that the 801 b. shpt di I not
tend to bury themselves any more than was
unavoidable from their mere weight ; for the
grazes were well defined, never deep, and always
beautifully hollowed from the ends tq the centre—.
hammock fashion. Thane who had good glasses
said that they more than once saw and counted
from ten to a dozen contacts ; 5 or 6 cnld,
be seen with the unaided ey?. The ranges, too,
were said to be highly satisfactory, even for a gun
that had already gained such a good reputatietli
We have little more to add. ?, +i,a yesterday's
fixing, which, with tlio e;:periments last noticed,
NV4s hronght to, a conclusion shortly before six
o'clock. Of course, the deputed officers will Mve
to make their reports on many
aud were not
likely'to express
pi4ed opinions upon any, espe-
ci4lly when they have to experiment further. But
" men are men ;" and men in both services 1_; tow
best what is meant by " ;,-rilnaace light
or heavy. It w 41195 t impossible, then, for any
fei' pe ousnear the guns yestecdaY to avoid hearing
-,,q
harks'lto the effect—" Well, the ;Jo give pre-
Cions 'little trouble ; and "low cle-an they do keep,
tO be sure." 904 practical comments, which can-

non makers will not be the last to appreciate. We
heard a group of the experts broken upon with,
"But Armstrong's guns don't watt sponging now,
do they P" The answer was finely characteristic ;
but the manner of the speaker is needed for a full
comprehension of it. " Yes, they do, and they don't,"
said this jovial son of experience. " Washing
mayn't be sponging, but it's very like it ; and them
guns must be washed. Look ye. Armstrong's got
56 grooves altogether; that (with a point to the 80
pounder) ha'nt none—at least that I call a groove.
Well, Armstrong's shot and shell have lead round
them ; that ha'nt any. Lead will get into what I
call grooves; and you must wash it out now and
then. Leastwise, if you don't, every shot after-
wards will:strip, and won't have any rotary motion,
and you can't tell what them shot'll do." A stream
of tobacco juice followed, that would have made
envious many u good Yankee " spitter."
The experiments will be resumed to-day--Man-
ehester Guardian.

REPORT 011 r THE STA 'PE OF THE AT-
LANTIC CABLE EY TRINITY BAY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—I beg to forward you a copy of the official
report of Mr. Varley and Captain Kcll, relative to
the attempts which have been made at Newfound-
land to restore the cable to working order, and
which, I regret to say have ended unsuccessfully.—
Yours truly,
GEO. SAWARD, Secretary,
Atlantic Telegraph Company, 22, Old
Broad-street, July 25, 1860.

The Atlantic Telegraph Company, St. John's,
Newfoundland, July 3, 1860.
After repeated attempts to raise the cable by grapneling,
in order to test its electrical condition, and with a view to
land it at New Perlican, as instructed by the board, we re-
gret having to report that, although we have on many oc-
casions been able to raise the bight, and so get on board at
different times pieces of the cable, in all amounting to about
seven miles, we have invariably found it broken again a few
miles off.

The log which Capt. Kell will furnish will give the de-
, tails of the proceedings in full.
Tho weather up to the 12th of June had been so bad that
grapneling operations were impracticable, and even while
writing is cold and unsettled, the season here having been
unusually late and boisterous.
On the 17th of June water was frozen in the pails during
the night; the noon following, however, was oppressively
hot; cold dense fogs and strong winds have been frequent
ever since.

The plan of operations was as follows :
On the 12th of June Capt. Kell succeeded in fishing up
and buoying the end, after recovering three-quarters of a
mile of cable.

On the 14th operations wire resumed, and three miles
and a half of cable recovered, when the old fault, the frac-
ture already reported to you by Captain Kell, came on board;
a flag buoy was anchored at the spot where the same came
up.
On the 20th Mr. Varley arrived at New ?erlican, and
Captain Kell also.

A consultation was immediately held on this and the fol-
lowing day, when it was unanimously agreed that the as-
sistance of a steamer and extra men should be obtained.
Captain Kell, having refitted, started for Bull's Arm, and
Mr. Varley left for St. John's on the 21st.
On the 2'd the cable was hooked in 90 fathoms, and
parted both ways, the bight and a short piece of cable com-
ing on board.

25th. The cable was hooked again, but parted when
within 15 fathoms of the surface, as it had done on several
previous occasions.

26th. Mr. Varley arrived in a steam tug, having during
the previous night, on his passage from St. John's encoun-
tered such a heavy gale that they had to take shelter.
27th. The steamer left Rix Harbour, in a dense fog and
stiff breeze, to examine buoys in position. While out the
weather suddenly cleared and moderated, and the sea calmed
by the drenching rain; grapneling was resumed in 114
fathoms ; the cable was hooked several times, and, with one
exception, parted before reaching the surface ; care was
taken to buoy the spot the moment the cable broke, and by
grapneling from a quarter to half a mile east of the buoy,
we hoped to succeer4 in raising the bight, and did at last get
it on board. On testing the cable towards Ireland, it was
found to be broken a very short distance from the vessel,
three-quarters of a mile of cable being recovered before it
parted again at a weak place.
28th. The wind and sea too high for working, a fresh con-
sultation was held as to the best mode of proceeding, audit
was resolved to go further out at once, hoping thereby to
avoid the rocky ground and the bad state of the cable.
29th. Grapneling was resumed three miles further east,
soon after getting to work the weather suddenly changed,
and the sea raa so high that we had to run into harbour.
30th. Recommenced operations with steamer and boats,
in calm but densely foggy weather ; the fog just cleared up
long enough to determine our position, the Industry was
accordingly anchored in 130 fathoms as a beacon, and grap-
neling performed by the steamer. The cable was hooked
at least three times, and probably more, during the day, but
broke before sk,aching the surface. At last a bight came on
board • the cable at this spot being unusually good for about
30 yards, the outer end was found to be broken about 200
yards off. About two miles of the inner end were re-
covered, when it parted again at a weak place, where there
was nothing but the gutta percha covered wire left ; this,
however, was just able to bring the cable to the surface,
when it snapped before it could be secured by a stopper.
The point where we last grapneled this day was a little
east of a straight line joining Tickle Point and Copper
Island, in 140 fathoms water.

Although mud is shown on the charts, there are most
unquestionably rocks also, as was too plainly indicated by
the state of the cable, rock-weed and sea animalcula ad-
hering to and surrounding it in many places, showing that
it had been suspended clear of the bottom.
The cable was invariably hauled in by hand to avoid un-
necessary strain.

The recovered cable varied in condition very much, and
what is most important is, that even those portions which
came out of the black mud were so perished in numerous
patches that the outer covering parted on board during the
process of hauling in, and but for the dexterity and
courage of the men in seising hold of it beyond the break,
where the iron wires struck out like bunches of highly-
sharpened needle points, we should not have known so
much of its condition.

In a word, it was evidently sometimes embedded in mud,
sometimes on small stones, sometimes half embedded, and
sometimes wholly exposed over rocks, as was apparent
from the condition of the outer covering.
The iron wires in many places often appeared sound ;
bat on minute inspection were found eaten away and
rotten. The serving was also decayed.
In some places the iron wires were coated with metallic
copper and much eaten, they having most probably rested
upon copper ore, for there are veins of it in Trinity Bay.
The gutta percha and copper wire are, however, in as
good condition as when laid down.

The general ragged, precipitous, and rocky character of
the surrounding land evidently extends below the surface
of the water. The unevenness of our soundings and con-
dition of the cable indicate this most plainly.
We accordingly decided upon leaving the neighbourhood
of Bull's Island altogether, as the cable in its present state
at that part of the bay will not repay the cost of recovery.
We agreed Morn' aueously to attempt to raise the cable
off Heart's Content, and ascertain its condition there, this
being the most promising part of the bay, front the infor-
mation we have been able to collect.
Accordingly on the Ist of July we sailed to New Perli-
can, and made preparations to start at three a.m. on Mon-
day morning.
On the 2d of July sailed from New Perlican at three
a.m., and grapneled for the cable in a smooth sea.
At 7 a.m. we hooked in 11,3 fathoms water in a straight
lino joining the north point of St. John's Harbour and the
south point of New Perlican, at a distance from the latter
of about six nauts.

Having take' bearings, grapneling was resumed half a
mile nearer to the entrance of Trility i'ay, and the cable
again and again hooked, each time about half a mile north
of the previous run.

The 'cable was during the day hooked at least four times,
we believe more. It sometimes lifted off the ground before
parting as much as 40 fathoms, sometimes only 15 ; in ns
instance did it come near the surface of the water.
On two occasions the iron st ands of the cable left most
unmistokable impressions on the grapnel, and iron rust,
resembling that usually found on the cable, adhered to its
claws.

The bottom consisted of green mud and light-coloured
clay, the latter very compact, and in consistency not much
unlike the blue clay of London. Some parts of the bottom
were of stone.

Mixing found it quite impossible to raise the cable, we
concluded, after careful consideration, to make a last but
hopeless trial off Break Heart Point, at the mouth of Trinity
Bay, and, if successful, to take the steamer and men to St.
John's, to avoid further expense,
Ou 3d July the steamer &ailed from New Perlioan at
6.6 a.m., and reached Break Heart Point a little before
4 p.m.

We grapneled for the cable from about 61 miles off, in
165 fathoms water, to within 11 miles of the Point, where
the water was still over WO fathoms.
We did not succeed in finding it, and bad we done so,
the " Atlantic roll" setting into the bay was so heavy and
the current running out so strong that we could not possibly
have raised it to the surfaze, but only have determined its
position.
It is quite possible that the cable was hooked without
being perceived by us, owing to the depth of water and to
the fact that the cable, especially where laid over stone, is
very rotten.

At six miles cut the bottom consisted of clay covered
by a thin stratum of mud, the same as that off New Per-

_•_•.
liar.
At about four and a half cz five miles off, the bottom ap-
peared to consist of atones, and this continued to within a
mile and a half of the "point," where the water was very
deep,
lhose portions of the recovered cable that were wrapped
with tarred yarn wero sound, the tar and hemp having pre-
served the iron wires bxight and free from rust.
This will be further reported on when the pieces of re-
covered cable have Leen more closely examined.
It is with deep regret that we have to inform you that it
has been necessary to abandon the cable.
(Signed) CIWIMYI4I.I. F. VARLET, Electrician to
the Electric and International and
the Altantic Telegraph Company.
(Signed.) JOHN KELL.
To the Chairman and Directors of the
Atlantic Telegraph Company.

THE GOVERNMENT MORTAR BOATS.—lntelli-
gence has been received in pistol that two of the mortar
boats built for Governw.riet during the late Russian War
(Nos. 49 and 5(1) by Mr. William Patterson, the builder of
the great Western, Royal Charter, and Great Britain
steam-vessels, have been du4, examined, andihave proved
equal in construction and soundness to the gunboats Ear..
nest and Escort, built by Mr. Patterson, and which stood
almost alone in the recent supervision.
"ASTROLOGER" DETECTED.—A man who
has lately set up as an astrologer in Gloucester was waited
en a short time since by a policeman in plain clothes. Ig-
norant of the trap, the astrologer drew the policeman's
horosene. for the small sum of five shillings, the stars
wet+, announced to declare that the inquirer would meet
with a railway accident and go abroad in 1863, where a
foreign lady woulf.l, in love with him, and offer him
poison to o.;#,:k, which he was not to have ; he was to re-
turn t? England in 18S6, when he would speculate in
honses. Many other predictions were made, but as soon as
the seance was concluded, the policeman announced his real
character, and carried off the astrologer to the station-
-110,,r,9,—,KM (es Bath papa-.