The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-21 00:00:00

ITALY.

A letter from Turin, dated 18th of September,
says : _ _ _

" Captain Trecchi has returned to Naples with
the King's reply to Garibaldi's letter.. The reply
was written without consulting his Ministers, as it
concerned them personally ; it completely saves the
dignity of the Crown. Victor Emmanuel speaks in
the language of a Sovereign just hurt in his amour
propre, as man and King. He points out that he
knows how to resist always the suggestions and the
influences of foreign Powers, even when menacing.
ith more just reason he declares that he cannot
comply with such strange pretensions, which come
, from a man whose successes seem to mislead him.

"It cannot be said what effect the Royal reply
will produce. If Garibaldi persists in his projects
and he attacks Rome while the Pope and the French
are still there, the Government of the King will
repulse the attack, in concert with its allies, no
matter what may be the consequences. King
Victor Emmanuel has placed himself at the head of
the Italian movement to overcome and prevent re-
volution, not to support it.
" The Sardinian Government is anxiously await-
ing the opening of Parliament. It hopes to acquire
new strength from the votes of the representa-
tives of the nation to carry the policy which it
has, perhaps somewhat hastily, adopted. The
vote of confidence which will be asked for from
the Chambers will strengthen the Ministry
against political factions, and against the
exorbitant pretensions of Garibaldi and his
advisers. Full powers will not be asked for this
time, as was the case last year, but merely discre-
tionary powers in matters clearly indicated, and
more or less limited. The session will not last more
than a fortnight.
" The news from Southern Italy is by no means
assuring. It may be said that complete anarchy
rules in Sicily, and administrative disorder at
Naples. M. Scialoja, who left eight days since to
assume the post of Minister of Finance, is expected
this evening at Turin. He had shrewdly guessed
what would happen, for, before leaving, he had asked
the Minister of Commerce to keep open for him the
post he previously occupied of Secretary-General
of that department.

"Telegraphic communication between Turin and
Naples is still interrupted, and there is much delay
in the receipt of news. The Neapolitan army is in
a complete state of dissolution. The Dictator left
it open to all to return to their homes. The majo-
rity have done so.

" In Sicily the executive power has passed succes-
sively from the Dictator Garibaldi to the pro Dicta-
tor Depretis, and from him to Vice pro-Dictator
Paterni. What gradations ! It is now said that
Depretis, opposed in his idea of immediate annexa-
tion, has tenderedhis resignation, and will return to
Turin. M. Cordova, a dend of Count Cavour, and
suspected consequently of exercising his influence,
which is considerable, in favour of the Piedmonteso
policy, was threatened by Crispi with a revolver.
When he thought all was up, he received a despatek
from Garibaldi, calling him to Naples. He declined
to go, pleading illness as an excuse.
"The article in the Constitutionnel, respecting the
flight of the Pope from Rome, has created a great
sensation here. The solution indicated is the one
most desired here ; oily men do not consider what
the consequences mi6t be of so serious an event,—
that it might not be to the taste of all men, and
might lead to the most serious complications.
" Gen. Schmidt hat arrived here under a strong
escort of gendarmes. He has been taken to the
Hotel Feder, round which an immense crowd is as-
sembled, hissing and groaning. It is supposed he
will be sent to the fortress.

" Monsignor Bella has left for Venice. An em-
ploye of the Minister of the Interior accompanied
him yesterday as fim as Peschiera."
A letter from Naples, of the sth says :—" Gari-
baldi continues to reside in the Angri Palace, at
the top of the Tolelo. He displays indefatigable
activity. M. Bertani and M. Liborio are still his
all-powerful counsellors. He issues innumerable
decrees, and all are marked by sound sense. The
Royalists themselves are astonished at what he does.
Among other things he has caused the Ministry of
Police to be separated from that of the Interior, and
confided to M. Conforti, an eminent advocate, who
was Minister iu 1848, and afterward exiled to Turin,
where he obtained a seat in the Parliament. From
the 12th of this month all the real property of the
royal family, and all that played at the disposal
of the Sovereign, or constituted in royal appanages,
or illegally given to the servants of the monarchy,
has;been declared national property. It is probable
that this confiscation will be protested against, and
I do not defend it ; but one fact affords a certain jus-
tifiqation of it—Ferdinand 11., on ascending the
throne, had no private fortune, and his father left
heavy debts ; not only did ho pay them, but he

amassed a sum of 80,000,000 ducats, that is to say,
344,000,000 f. ! How could such a sum be amassed
if not taken illegally from the people ? The lottery
is to be gradually suppressed, and altogether abo-
lished on the Ist January next. Perhaps this insti-
tution will be regretted, though if ruined the people
by creating each week in their minds the illusion
never realised of obtaining wealth without labour
—but, whether regretted or not, it is to be sup-
pressed. In the same decree that does away with
the lottery, the Dictator orders that savings' banks
shall be established, and also that the employes of
the lottery shall be transferred to that institution:,
The letter also says :
" Francis 11. is still at Gaeta, and, as may be
imagined, seems very unhappy. He is to be seen
wandering about the streets neglected and aban-
doned. Defections from the troops are continuing;
the day before yesterday 150 cavalry soldiers at
Capua went over to Garibaldi. Gaeta is like %city
of the dead. The constitutional functionaries have
been dismissed and the National Guard dissolved;
and the persons who composed the latter have come
ioNa,ples to escape from the brutalities of the popu-
lation. In a little time this poor town will be
famished; for whilst at Naples bread has fallen to
5 and salt to 6 sous the kilogramme, provisions are
there at fabulous prices."
Another letter from Naples, 15th, says :
" Among the measures taken by the Dictator,
the abolition of the Jesuits throughout the Nea-
politan States has produced the greatest impres-
sion, owing to the immense number of priests
and monks residing in the capital. The decree,
dated the 11th, declares 'that all the estates, both
personal and real, belonging to that order and its
branches and dependencies, are national property.'
But it would appear that Garibaldi had been anti-
cipated by the reverend fathers, who, to be prepared
for such an act of rigour, took the precaution of
depositing in an establishment called the Santo
Spirito Bank (something of the same kind as the
Monte de Pieta, but quite distinct from it) all the
objects of value they possessed, and received cash

in exchange, to the amount of three-fourths of
their value. At the same time all their real estate
was duly transferred to a number of speculators
who thus became, for the sum of several millions,
the real or supposed owners of the property of the
Jesuits. The Dictator's decrees will, therefore,
prove of no effect, unless means can be found to
annul these arrangements."
The same letter has the following curious
narration :

"The 1,500 convicts at Castellamare, taking ad-
vantage of the absence of the military, requested
their liberty for one day. The officials, as you may
well suppose, received this singular application
with all sorts of restrictions ; but having no means
of resisting the somewhat threatening supplications
of the applicants, they hit upon the expedient of
requiring each of them to give' his word of honour'
that he would return at night. Wonderful to relate,
the convicts faithfully kept their word and every
one returned, without having done injury to any-
body during their short interval of liberty. A gen-
tleman residing in the neighbourhood, having some
doubts as to the honourable intentions of the..
worthies, ordered his gardener to keep the gates
closed and to be on his guard. It is altogether
unnecessary, Sir,' said the man ; the convicts at
Castellamare are murderers, but not thieves.' A
flattering distinction, certainly. The red shirts of
the Garibaldians are quite the rage at Naples. The
young, men, women, and children of the lower
orders have all taken to them ; but the Prefect of
Police has since issued a decree which forbids the
display, and renders to Caesar that which is Caesar's.
The volunteers who have responded to the Dicta-
tor's call amounted to 12,000 the day before yester-
day. It is scarcely to be expected that the number
will assume any great proportions here. The
masses have no particular taste for a military life,
the grand desire gf all being tranquillity. A Bat-
t ilion of Piedmontese bersaglieri and two companies
of artillery hold the forts of the capital."
A single regiment of the garrison of Naples re-
mained faithful to the King. It passed through
the capital with drums beating, and with its arms
and officers, as if the capital wag not in Garibaldi's
power. This fact is not the least singular of the
many strange things recently witnessed in that
city.

A letter from Berlin, in the Elberfeld Gazette,
says :—" It is said here that in the event of the Pope
being obliged to leave the States of the Church, he
will, from among the many residences offered him,
choose that of Wurzburg, in Bavaria. The Prussian
Government has placed the Palace of Bruhl at his
disposition. In no case, it is asserted, will the Pope
consent to go to France."
Another letter from the same place, in the Cologne
Gazette, says :—" The representations made at
Turin by the Powers against the occupation of the
Papal States were very urgent ; however, they do
not go so far as to assume the character of a protest,
at least so far as certain Powers are concerned."