The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-28 00:00:00

THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 28, 180.

The intellectual vigour and activity of him whom
Lord ARDMILLAN called the other day at Glasgow,
without one particle of extravagance or exaggera-
tion, " the foremost man of his country and of his
age," Lord BROUGHAM, appears, in truth, to be un-
abated and inexhaustible. How many years ago
is it since the Rev. SYDNEY SMITH broke forth
upon a memorable occasion into an apostrophy of
wondering admiration of the labours of the " gi-
gantic BROUGHMAN " Is it not now more than
three and thirty years since TnomAs MooRE, in his
biography of SHERIDAN, first designated the intel-
lect of BROUGHAM " encyclopaedic ?" Has not the
mere enumeration of his achievements as a Law
Reformer accumulated long before this into a
monumentum ere perennius? Let Sir EARDLEY
%YILMOT'S ponderous volume suffice as an answer
to this last enquiry. The illustrious and venerable
ex-Chancellor has, years and years back, earned, if
any living can be said to have done so, that hon-
ourable immunity from further toil which is sym-
bolised in the phrase of reposing upon the laurels
of a reputation. Lord BROUGHAM, in effect,
having won the unfading and bloodless
laurels of many distinct, and every one
of them beneficent, humanising reputations.
Philosopher, orator, statesman, lawgiver, critic,
man of letters, philanthropist, he has established
for himself unnumbered claims, each of them uni-
versally and ungrudgingly recognised, upon the
gratitude, the affection, and the admiration of the
millions of his fellow-countrymen. It was not,
therefore, in the least imaginable iota, in the lan=
guage of hyperbole that Sir JOHN PAKINGTON, at
Glasgow, on the 24th of the present month of Sep-
tember, said to those who had just listened to the
inaugural address of the noble and learned lord in
his capacity as President of the Social Science As-
sociation—" I am sure you must all feel with me
that it is a most striking, a most impressive sight to
see that great and illustrious man, with unimpaired
vigour of intellect, with undiminished force and
beauty of language, with benevolence and goodwill
to mankind, which seem only to be increased by
age and experience, still dovoting his energies to
the promotion of those measures for the welfare of
mankind, which for a period longer than any man
in this room can recollect, without regard to colour
or to race, has been a leading characteristic of his
life," (Immense cheering.) The acclamations of
the assemblage being renewed with yet greater
fervour when the speaker added—" In conclusion,
let Me 5.1 y, long may he be spared to us to con-
tinue those noble efforts, long may he be spared to
enjoy his worldwide reputation, and to enjoy that
which to him, I am sure, is far dearer—the esteem,
the veneration, and the affection of his country-
men." What to another would be adulation, ad-
dressed to Lord BROUGHAM is the simple recogni-
tion of admitted and resplendent achievements. I

It is only very recently, as will be remembered,
that Lord BROUGHAM astonished even those most fa-
miliar with the vast scope and undiminished vitality
of his intellect by that noble oration with which his
lordship signalized his assumption of the academi-
cal chair as Chancellor of the University of his
native thy of Edinburgh. To that great harangue
he has now added another equally worthy even of
his antecedents. Examining his recent speech
through the inadequate medium of the abstract
given in our impression of Tuesday, it is impossible
not to view with profound interest and peculiar
gratification the amplitude of survey thereby taken
by Lord BROUGHAM of the progress made in the
advancement and diffusion of social science during
the last and the present generation. Recognizing
s brought to the adorn•
the rare and lofty q-aal: *,ti'
meat of public life by masters of debate no less
eminent than PULTENEY and IVALroLE, and by men
of superb genius such as our English alcibiades
Lord BOLINGBROKE, and the great Earl of CuAT.
nAm Lord BROUGHAM in vivid i I I ustri
of the light that has dawned since
thon upon the social and political world
generally, aptly recalled to mind in
regard
to the last mentioned How—" When Lord 0 lIA
- MHAT
was at the head of affairs, either in opposition or in
the ministry, not only were his whole attacks upon
his adversaries confined to purely party grounds,
but his own policy shows him so little in advance
of his age that, as regarded France, it Ras grounded
.upon the narrow antiquated notion of natural en-

rnity ; and as regarded America upon the equally
narrow and antiquated notion of natural sovereignty.
To work out those great principles—to attack all
invasion of the one either in alliances or in war,
and of the other in government, was the object of
his public life. Yet so powerful is habit, such the
force of routine, he seemed wholly unable to com-
prehend that it is our first duty by all means to
cultivate peace with our nearest neighbour as the
first of blessings to both nations, each being able to
do the other the most good in amity, the most
harm in hostility ; but he could only see glory, or
even safety, in the precarious superiority grasped
by a successful war. In like manner, as often, as
the idea of American independence crossed his
mind, he instantly and utterly rejected it as the
destruction of our national existence, instead of
wisely perceiving that to become the fast friends of
the colonies which we had first planted and long
cherished under our protection would benefit both
ourselves and them the more by suffering them in
their full growth to be as independent as we had
always been." Yet while thus clearly recognising
the deficiencies and demerits of a past generation,
the noble orator evidences no feeble recognition of
the faults and failings of our own. Instance this
his sarcastic remarks in reference to the results of
our last Parliamentary session, when he said :
—" It is undeniable that the two causes
of this excessive speaking—the speaking of
members, whose talents, information, or personal
importance give them no claim to be heard
—are their return to Parliament by bodies of
electors, and the report of their speeches in the
daily papers. Thus the combination of small par-
ties, the determination to resist whatever proceeds
from certain quarters, the Government especially,
in whose hands soever it is placed, the desire to
make their support of consequence, which, insigni-
ficant in itself, may be of moment when the great
parties are equally balanced, and the countless
numbers of endless speeches without any merit, by
persons of no mark, have of late times made the
House of Commons a byword as a place of talk and
not of work, the caricature of a popular assembly."
Well for the nation will it be, if the House of Com-
mons will but lay to heart these " ewer true " words
uttered in its regard, and for its advantage, by one
of the most illustrious of its bygone ornaments.

The Lord Advocate in his suggestive speech to
the " Social Science Congress," touched on a sub-
ject which has been of personal interest to some of
us, and may beeome so to any person—the neces-
sity for a Public Prosecutor, or a Minister of Jus-
tice. On this subject he could speak from experi-
ence, for, as he observed amid considerable laughter
and applause, " As regards ourselves I am hardly
an impartial witness as to the usefulness of a Pub-
lic Prosecutor"—however, he did speak on the
subject, and if at no great length, yet very impar-
tially and considerately. In Scotland the sy stem
does work well ; there are no coroner's inquests
there in cases of murder, and it is the duty of the
Public Prosecutor to make the preliminary investi-
gations in all cases of crime, by such means as he
may think best. He is in fact the head of the
detective force of Scotland ; and it is his busi-
ness both to find out who the criminal is when
a crime against society has been committed, and
to prosecute him to conviction.
A Minister of Justice would be useful in many
ways ; having under his eye not one department of
the administration of the law merely, but its whole
course from search and detection to conviction and
punishment, he would be the person to understand
what was wanting in the working of the machine
and to bring it before the Legislature, with ample
knowledge and authority. But the primary want
on this side the Tweed is that department of his
office by which the detection and prosecution of
criminals would be placed in responsible hands, and
individuals be relieved from what does not belong
to them—the trouble, annoyance, and cost, of pro-.
secuting those to whose criminal acts or contrivances
they may have been subjected.

As the case now stands, it is the interest of the
individual, in perhaps the large proportion of cases,
to conceal the crime committed against him. If it
be a robbery—unless one sufficiently large to make
the recovery of the property an object, to prosecute
is merely to subject himself to an additional loss
at the hands of the law. He often may not be in
circumstances to afford the cost of prosecution.
We well remember a case of a small country miller
whom we knew, an industrious worthy man,
whom every farmer would trust for a load of wheat
till he could get his money in. A man whom he
employed robbed him of flour. He, thoughtlessly,
prosecuted him—the man would have paid him for
what he had stolen ; but the upright miller would
not "compound with a felon," for a crime against
society—the result was that the man got .a few
months' imprisonment, and the poor miller was
mulcted in FORTY POUNDS for legal and incidental
costs ! A sum which, but for the sympathy of
neighbours, would have crippled him in his little
business for years, if nothing worse.
This is but a specimen of what is constantly oc-
curring in all forms and gradations of expense, and
there cannot be a doubt that in proportion as per-
sons are aware of what " prosecutions" involve they
take care to keep clear of them. Justice costs more
than it is worth. Bad enough to put up with the
crime, but justice inflicts a penalty on the wrong,
because the wronged, party, which may be quite
as provoking as the crime itself; indeed in some
respects more so. The poor miller had paid his
taxes for upholding the institutions of his country,
assuredly the Courts of Justice among them ; from
the rogue who had robbed him he might expect
nothing better, but to suffer from the justice itself
which he had helped to uphold, secmed to him
little better than a second robbery. And it was
so. It is surely the business of Society to punish
crimes against its own laws. The individual, for
himself, needs nothing more than compensation or
restoration by the man who has injured him. It
is Society which finds it for its interest that
wrong-doers should be dealt with by public
justice,
and Society ought to pay for it.
The LORD-ADVOCATE spoke candidly. He was
net blind to possible abuses of the function of a
public prosecutor. He acknowledged that it was
extremely difficult to combine efficiently the two
objects of detection of the guilty and protection of
the innocent. Under an arbitrary Government,
the functionary proposed might be an instrument
very dangerous to the liberties of the people ; but
he observed, " a public prosecutor, under the in-
fluence of public opinion, and Parliamentary respon-
sibilty, is, in my opinion, as far as the practical
working of it is concerned, the best mode in which
the criminal affairs of a country can be conducted."
In this view of the case we entirely concur with the
LORD-ADVOCATE. With the facilities which every
individual has of calling a public functionary, who
might use him unfairly, to account through the
press—with the readiness, too, which members of
Parliament always show to " put a question" on
any subject of this kind, where the wrong-
doers must answer, and from whence the affair
would appear in tens of thousands of papers next
morning, it is morally impossible that a public pro-
secutor Aare abuse his powers. Indeed, the case is
hardly supposoble of any Englishman doing so,

of social standing sufficient to occupy so highly
responsible a post.
Two difficulties were noticed by his lordship in
the appointment of such an officer for England, in
comparison with the employment of one in Scotland.
First, the immensely greater amount of work to be
done. It is not so large in Scotland but that it can
be kept within bounds. "The public prosecutor
and his deputies are cognisant of every offence that
takes place in all parts of the land." And know-
ing the proceedings that are going on, he can judge
for himself personally of all that is done,
and be prepared to take the responsibillty.
An English :Minister would be overwhelmed
with the amount of work, and without direct
responsibility there may be risk and danger in the
office. Nor could an English Minister, as they can
in Scotland, keep in the office the records of all
proceedings, the number would be too great. But
it certainly does seem possible to arrange some
division of the labour, by which the Minister should
be at the head of a sufficient number of persons,
each directly responsible to the Minister in his
own district ; while the Minister would be respon-
sible for enforcing their duty on these persons.
They must of course be of his nomination, subject,
perhaps, to some ratifying approbation, and be
liable to dismissal by him, as magistrates now are
by the Lord Chancellor. The Minister would
be, then, the first court of appeal for persons
wronged by his deputies, and would be responsible
only for not redressing any wrong or mistake of
which they had been guilty.
The next question raised by the Lord Advocate
was,—if England borrows a public prosecutor from
Scotland, must Scotland import coroners' inquests
and grand juries from England ? That question,
however, we are quite content to leave with our
Scotch friends. We are willing to borrow good
administration of criminal law from them, whether
they wish to reciprocate the compliment or not.
That justice is daily defeated, here, from want of a
better system we know. Crime is encouraged by
the impunity due •to the cost of its prosecution ;
and that not only amongst what are commonly
termed the criminal classes. Many a man of sup-
posed respectable standing in society retains his
position in spite of frauds which are really crimi-
nal, and which it ought to be the business of a
public prosecutor to expose and to punish. The
pickpocket and the burglar do not escape, but the
man who inflicts far greater loss, and causes far
more distress, retains his position, not always be-
cause the law would not reach him, but because of
the cost, or the invidiousness of putting it in motion.
We trust the subject will become a practical one in
the session of 1861.

The Duke of Marlborough and Lord A. Churchill
have left Blenheim Palace, near Weodstock, for Wiltshire.
The duchess and Lady A. Churchill have gone on a visit to
the Earl and Countess Vane, at their seat in Wales.

The Earl and Countess Speneer are entertaining
a select party at Althorpe House, near Northampton.
Among the guests are the Marquis of Exeter and Lady
Mary Cecil, the Earl of Euston, the Earl of Pomfret, Lord
Charles Fitzroy, Lady Sarah Spencer, Hon. George Fits-
william, Lord Albert Cecil, Major-General Seymour and
Miss Seymour, Colonel Kennedy, Captain Mildmay, Cap-
tain and Mrs. Boyle, &c.
The Tasmanian has arrived from the West Indies
with £1,128,000, of which £54,000 is in gold and £1,074,000
in silver. This is the largest amount ever received by a
single steamer.

LORD BROUGHAM.—Lord Brougham has inti-
mated his willingness to accept the freedom of the burgh
of Paisley, and to gratify the public of Paisley by coming
personally among them to receive this honour.

A general meeting of proprietors of the Oriental
Bank is called for Oct. 29, to declare an interim dividend
for the half-year ending the 30th June last,

A telegram from Wolverhampton announces that
at the preliminary meeting of ironmasters •it was unani-
mously decided to keep the price of iron for next quarter
the same as in the present one.

BEER AND ALE EXPORTED.—A return has been
published, from which it appears that in the last eight
months the declared value of beer and ale exported was
£1,484,311.

IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO.—From a return just
issued it appears that there has been a large increase in the
importation of tobacco. In the last eight months the im-
portations were 11,930,3341 b., against 8,779,8861 b. in the
same period of the preceding year.
LOST, THE BRIGHTON RECORDER !—" When are
the sessions to be held ?" asked Mr. Bigge, the stipendiary'
magistrate, of Mr. Chief Officer White, at the Brighton
borough bench, on Thursday last. Chief Officer : Ido not
know, sir. (A laugh.) Mr. Bigge : Where is the recorder ?
Chief Officer : He is in Naples, sir, and there is no telling
when he will be here. Mr. Lamb said he might be prime
minister. (A laugh.) Mr. Bigge (smilingly) : We had
better send Starley, the detective, after him. Chief Officer :
The precept for the recorder to fill up the date he will hold
the session has been sent up, but no answer has been re-
ceived. It is over the three months, and we have got 20
, prisoners for trial. So whilst the hon. member for Mary-
lebone (Edwin James) is "sympathising" with liberty in
Italy, the poor prisoners in England are left untried in
prison I—Kentish Observer.

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.—On Monday, the 17th
inst., was laid the foundation-stone of New Schools for
boys, girls, and infants, in the parish. of Heston. The
Bishop of London preached an impressive practical sermon,
from "Aml my brother's keeper ?" The stone was laid
by Mrs. Spooner, wife of the Rev. Edward Spooner, M.A.,
the vicar. The parish being extensive, aid the population
scattered, it has been found necessary, besides the central
schools, to erect, in remote parts of the parish, two chapel
school-rooms, for the celebration of Divine worship, and
the holding of Sunday-schools on Sunday, and for day-
schools during the week. The central schools have the
novel feature of industrial department, where the boys will
be trained to agricultural and other pursuits, likely to be
useful to them ; and the girls will be instructed in plain
sewing, washing, ironing, and cooking—qualifications
which must be eminently serviceable to them as domestic
servants, or the wives of agricultural labourers. The educa-
tional movement in this parish has been very judiciously
and energetically originated by the Vicar, and seconded
with great liberality and hearty good-will by the inhabitant..

ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.—The Surrey Gardens
Choral Society are now giving a series of concerts at this
popular place of amusement, which have proved highly
successful, and appear likely to continue so. On Wednes-
day evening the programme comprised several instrumental
pieces from Auber, Verdi, and other operatic composers ;
and, vocally, madrigals, part-songs, choral glees, &c.
Among the part-songs the gem of the evening was
Stirling's " All among the Barley," which was first
performed by the Surrey Gardens Choral Society.
Miss E. Withers sung the favourite song " The
beating of my own heart," with great taste, and was
encored. Mr. Thomas, with very great effect, gave Shield's
old song of " The Wolf." This gentleman has a good voice,
and it is indeed refreshing to hear in these days a purely
English song. The part-song harmonised by Mr. G. W.
Martin, the well-known beautiful arish air, " The Last
Rose of Summer," was very well given. In the third part
Locke's celebrated music to " Macbeth" attracted much
applause, and the performance was concluded with the
national airs of " Rule Britannia" and " God Save the
Queen." Much credit is due to the Choral Society, who
have made rapid progress. Mr. Sidney Davis conducts in
an admirable manner.

BUCKI.EY'S AMERICAN OPERA TROUPE,—This
talented and original troupe of sable minstrels macle their
Muusnmicis Hall, on
Monday y
Birmingham,rece n on the part of a numer-
secondapepveeahrianng, appearance in
their
numer-
ous and highly respectable audiencela thew as
flattering. It indicated that those
lively and grateful recollection of the
manypresent entertained a
ings which these artistes afforded to the enjoyable even-
season in the course of the dull and tediouniallesfor a short
amuse-
ment that existed during the theatrical vacation.tus of
not so completely adapted as the Theatre Though
cially distinguishing feature in the perform to that espe-
cially
company—namely, the rendering of burlesque
of the
opera—owing to the absence of scenic accessories, the
has, nevertheless, been rendered available for this the Hall
by the erection on the platform of an elegant s purpose
On these boards, on Monday, was represented proscenium.
On
upon " Lucretia Borgia" in all its irresistible cornictrye,
perfect costuming,consecutiveness of ineident, with as befotre;
the incorporation with the laughable libretto of some of the
most admired and popular arias and scenas of tho orioinal
opera. On the occasion of the former sojourn of the company
amongst us we took an opportunity of criticising this
operatic travestie in eulogistic terms, and we need not now,
therefore, do more than say that the corps sustained the
highly favourable estimation that was formed of
their capabilites, and that each member infused a
spirit, a humour, and a freshness into his part that
rendered the performance a renewed treat. We must
not omit to mention that the accomplished Miss Julia Gould
re-appeared in this part of the entertainment, and elicited
by her charming vocalisation warm and hearty applause.
With respect to the miscellaneous components of the pro-
gramme, which by the way precede the opera, we may
remark that it is conspicuous as usual for its originality
and variety, and that to several old favourite selections
instrumental and vocal, have been added new pieces.
The exquisite ballads written by Mr. F. Buckley for
Messrs. Bishop Buckley, Swaine Buckley, and Basquin,
were sung with much sweetness and pathos. Mr. Swaine
Buckley's rattling bone solo accompaniment to a selection
from " Zampa," his inimitable laughing song, and his
clever banjo melody ; Mr. Bishop Buckley's ludicrous
extraction of music out of the curious one-stringed Chinese
addle and his delineation of negro eccentricities ; Mr.
Andrews's quaint and humorous character of " Old Bob
Ridley," and the African polka and plantation dances
were performed in a most effective manner,-13irminglIgni
Daily Post.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

VIENNA, SEPT. 28.

In yesterday's sitting of the Reichsrath Count
Hartig withdrew his mediatory proposition. The
Assembly then proceeded to vote on the prin-
ciples of the Committee, which were agreed to
by 34, against 16 votes in favour of the propo-
sition of the Ministry.
The Archduke, President, then stated that the
Emperor would examine the propositions without
any delay, and give his decision as soon as pos-
sible.

The session of the Council of the Empire was
then concluded.

PARIS, SEPT. 28.
The Moniteur contains the following telegram

dated :

PARIS, SEPT. 27 (Evening.)
The Patric says :—The siege operations before
Ancona are being actively carried on.
The advanced guard of General Fanti's corps
d'armee is at Bracciano, several miles from Rome.
These troops were to be encamped before the walls
of Rome.

PARIS, SEPT. 27.

The Marquis de Moustier and the Prince de la
Tour d'Atuvergne, diplouuitiu reprebontatives of
France at Vienna and Berlin, who are now at
Paris on leave of absence, will not return to their
posts until after the interview at Warsaw.

VIENNA, SEPT. 27.

The Emperor Francis Joseph and the Prince
Regent of Prussia will arrive at the same time- in
Warsaw, where they will stay three days.

BERLIN, SEPT. 27.

According to reliable information, Austria in-
tends to propose at Warsaw that the different
Powers should not recognise any settlement of the
Italian question as binding without her consent.

BELGRADE, SEPT. 26.

The son of Prince Milosch has been recognised
Prince of Servia without any delay. In this
quality he has received the foreign Consuls.

Order has not been disturbed.

The report that the Emperor of the French had
been invited to join the interview at Warsaw must
for the present be considered very improbable.

TRIESTE, SEPT. 27.

The assassination of Prince Danielo of Monte-
negro having been committed on Austrian territory
the murderer has been brought before the criminal
tribunal at Cattaro.

The judicial investigations are nearly concluded,
and the public trial of the murderer will shortly

commence.

PESTH, SEPT. 26.

An ordinance of the Commander-in-Chief of the
army defers the recommencement of the lectures at
the University of Pesth for an indefinite period.

MADRID, SEPT. 26.
Earl Granville is on the point of starting fo.
And alusia.

The absolutist journals reproach 'the Govern-
mon.t for not having sent an army to defend the
P 4 ape.

The health of the Queen is excellent.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SEPT. 27.

Tlae Moniteur announces officially that the Count
de Gropello, First Secretary, will remain charged
with the affairs of the Sardinian Legation, in the
absence of the Chevalier Nigra.

.BouusE, Sept. 27. The market has been
frail, but the amount of business very limited.
Threes, for the Account, which opened at 68f 55c,
are Row at 68f 70c; Mobilier, 695 f ; Orleans,
1 ,398 f 75c; Northern, 968 f 75c; Mediterranean,
9 03f 75c ; Austrian, 477 f 50c ; Lombard, 478 f 75c.
r, Me following are the last quotations :-
4ri per per Cents ... 95 40 Credit Fancier 9OO
Do. end month.... Belgian 4k.. 9B
3 per Cents
I )o. end month — Roman
P;ardc Shares 2802 50 Austrian
C redit Mobilier.... 695 Spanish Threes 4B
D to. Account 692 50 Home Debt .. 47 --

RAILWAYS.
Cash. Account.
1400 .. 1400 --
965 .. 966 25
880 .. --

Orleans
Northern
New ditto
Lyons and Mediterranean
Geneva
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard .4 . . • . .

.997 50 .. 906 25
355 - .. 355 -
505 - .. 505 -
585 - .. 583 75
633 75 .. 636 25
386 25 .. 380 --
480 - .. 477 50

480 - :; 478 75

ITALY.

A. letter from Turin, dated 25th September,
saps,—
"The check of Garibaldi before Capua is com-
plot 31y confirmed. It is said here that the Dictator
way. so confident of taking Capua, that he had given
orders for preparing illuminations at Naples.
"To-day we are informed that the Piedmontese
army had entered the patrimony of St. Peter, and
that, the French were concentrating at Rome and
Civit a Vecchia. A formal order has been given to
the Piedmontese commanders not only to avoid any
conthict with the French, but even any discussion on
any- point whatsoever with the French commanders.
The chief anxiety of our Government is to remain
on good terms with France.
" Once Ancona taken—and it cannot hold out
long—Fanti's army will concentrate on the frontier
of Naples, and it will cross it at the first call of the
population. There are many Neapolitans who would
feel much more secure in presence of the regular
unife,rm of Sardinia than in that of the red shirts
of the Garibaldians.

" Such is the plan conceived to reduce the Dicta-
tor and his party to impotence.
" It is said that the Government receives from a
portion of Garibaldi's troops assurances of devotion
to Victor Emmanuel.

" The general opinion here is that if Garibaldi
does not succeed in taking Gaeta, Fanti's army will
do it. But this is only a rumour.
" The Ministerial journals, especially the
Opinione, speak of Garibaldi simply as one of Victor
Emmanuel's generals, and talk of his assumed in-
dependence of action as preposterous.
" When the Senate and Chambers meet on the
2d inst. they will receive a communication from the
Government. As yet the greater portion of the de=
puties show a disposition to support the Ministry.
But you know in political assemblies opposition
often starts up from some quite unexpected quarter.
"P.S. I have just been informed by a person
who is quite au courant of ,what is going on at
Naples that Garibaldi has taken away the command
of the fleet from Admiral Persano. The gratuitous
gift of that fleet to Piedmont annoyed the party of
action, who were thus deprived of one of the most
powerful means to deserve the names they have
assumed. Garibaldi gave it on a first impulse, and
now he withdraws it."
The Official Journal of Rome publishes a formal
protest of Cardinal Antonelli against the invasion
of the Papal States. It is addressed to the repre-
sentatives of all foreign Powers at Rome.

ENGLAND AND SARDINIA.
The Cologne Gazette publishes the text of a Note
addressed under datebf 31st August, by Lord John
Russell to Sir James Hudson, the British, Minister

at Turin. The Secretary for Foreign Affairs ex-
presses the fear that the attacks against the Roman
States and the kingdom of Naples may lead to an
attack upon the possessions of Austria in Venetia.
If (says the despatch) the King of Piedmont was
at liberty not to accept the preliminaries of Villa-
franca and the treaty of Zurich, now that he has
pledged his royal word he is no longer at liberty to
attack a nation with which he has promised to live
in peace and friendship. Should such a fact occur,
Italy would again be exposed to all tho chances of
uncertainty.