The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-02 00:00:00

would not be so great a danger after all ;
though it was hinted that a large Russian army
of observation would be a wise precaution. The
quieting of Hungary at first, by what she might
scout if she liked when Italy was settled, was to be
pleaded as a master stroke of policy, while he could
truly say to the despots, " What I have conceded
is only the appearance of self-government. I have
kept taxation and the army in my own hands."
Unfortunately, however, Hungary saw through the
very obvious snare at first, and refused to be
caught. The diploma was baptised at Pesth
in Hungarian blood. But Austria could point
to Venetia itself, and declare herself equipped and
ready for war ; if only they would warn off the
Emperor of the FRENCH. IF ; but, most unluckily,
at the very moment, forth came the famous Im-
perial leader in the Constitutionnel, proclaiming
the Emperor of the FRENCH as " The Moderator of
the Revolution," and " The Pacificator of Europe."
It was all over. There was nothing for it but that
each should go their way—one to his sick and dying
mother, another to his Prussian Number One, and
Austria, to make the best shift she could with
Venetia and Hungary and her mocked and irritated

provinces.
What her shifts will be it is hard to say. Did
net pride and tyranny stand in the way, a babe in
politics could indicate to her the path to a safe
happy future. To replenish her exchequer by tha
sale of Venetia, which she must soon lose, and to
reign with the 'goodwill of her nationalities, by
a full and frank concession of their ancient
rights, are the simple means which all, outside
of the Austrian Court, can see to be at once
her duty and her salvation. But Hapsburg
sin is, indeed, original, and no baptism of tribula-
tion can expel it. The letter from Florence we
published the other day, giving the observations of
a long and recent residence in Venetias, show that
Austria is mad upon the military occupation and
defence of the country, while its misery, and even
depopulation, beneath their iron rule, surpasses be-
lief. She is sinking herself beneath the enormous
cost of her army there, and sinking Venetia beneath
her repression of all commercial as well as politi-
cal activity. Last long it cannot. Austria will
either make some mad attack on Italy, or provoke
Italy to attack her, and, then, who will answer for
the results ?
Perhaps, however, the foolish Hapsburg may
find Hungary his insuperable difficulty. He has
already learned that the Hungarians were not,
from the first, deceived. The smaller number who
think it well to accept what is offered, do it
avowedly as the means of an organised enforcement
of their real demands. Not one Hungarian of the
slightest note acknowledges that the diploma is a
final charter. They hardly look on it as an instal-
ment of their rights. It is but a lever wherewith
better to move the heavy mass of Austrian Impe-
rialism. Already the most able Hungarians have
protested strongly against the illusory concessions;
and to-day we have the protest of General KLAPEA
himself, in reply to the single Hungarian of any
note who wished to make the best of the diploma.
" We ask," be says, " a simple question; What is
a Sovereign Diet which has not the right of dis-
cussing and voting a tax, which has no control
over military levies, and which has neither an
opinion nor a wish to express on international
difficulties ? The Hungarian question, so far from
being solved, remains just as it was; nothing is
changed in the state of affairs ; Hungary
of 1860, faithful to her traditions, will act contrary
to the Hungary of 1848." Such views will, we
can hardly doubt, be predominant in Hungary ; if
so, what avails all the preparations in Venetia.
What can be done with the Hungarians in the army
there ? Already we have evidence that they spiked
the very guns they were to work, and some were
even caught in the act. FRANCIS JOSEPH is, we
may hope, in a position of inextricable difficulty.
If he content the Hungarians, it must be by
ceasing to wrong Venetia as well as Hungary. If
he do not content them, they will shoot their officers
and spike their guns: Real Liberalism or utter
ruin are, we almost hope, his only alternatives.

At one o'clock, on the morning of Wednesday,
the 31st of October, there expired, at his house, in
Kensington, in the eighty-fifth year of his age, one
of the most dauntless heroes that ever trod the
quarter-deck of a British ship-of-war—THOMAS
COCHRANE, Earl of Dundonald. The name of this
great sailer can be ranked upon the bede-roll of the
world's most illustrious sea-captains as second only
to that of our immortal NELSON. For deeds of
daring it can, in truth, be ranked as second to no
one—not even to the glorious victor of the Nile and
Trafalgar. There are achievements actually upon
record in the history of the late Earl of DUN-
DONALD that for valour, for coolness, for indomitable
resolution, has never been surpassed in effect, and
cannot by the nature of things be surpassed. They
are the very acme of chivalric audacity. They are
the reiterated illustrations of the determination
of this man's unblenching courage literally
again and yet again to " seek the bubble
reputation even in the cannon's mouth !"
In the maritime annals of England he
is better known as Lord COCHRANE than as
Earl of DUNDONALD. Precisely as in the political
history of Great Britain, the second Marquess of
LONDONDERRY is far better known to fame by hie
complimentary title of Viscount CASTLEREAGH.
As Lord COCHRANE, it was that the late Earl
performed those marvels of prowess that rendered
his title, under either designation, the very
synonym of heroism. He came of a long lived
as well as of a noble race—his father, the previous
Earl, having survived until he was eighty-four—
he himself, as we have now seen, very nearly
reaching before his death his eighty-fifth
anniversary ! For it was on the 14th of
December, 1775, that THOMAS COCHRANE, Earl
of Dundonald, was born—so that he was only one
calendar month and a fortnight from the eighty-
fifth anniversary of that day, when he expired on
Wednesday evening last at his house in Kensing-
ton. Reading his wonderful career, whether as
related incidentally by WILLIAM JAMES, the Naval
Historian of England, or as now very recently de-
scribed in detail by the venerable Earl himself,
with true sailor-like frankness and simplicity of
manner, in his enthralling autobiography—one
really marvels that he should have died at last
quietly in his bed—he who passed so repeatedly
through the very jaws of death upon the great
deep in the midst of a whirlwind of flame and shot.
It is something to say of any blue-jacket ever afloat
that, when he breathed his last, eighty long years
had elapsed since his career was first inscribed upon
the books of the Royal Navy. But when we can
say this truly of a British Tar like Lord COCHRANE,
the Earl of DUNDONALD, it is, in very truth, some-
thing wonderful to tell--it partakes somewhat
of the marvellous, remembering what were his
achievements. He must truly have had a
charmed life to have passed thus scatheless through
such storms and tempests of destruction,
and with his faculties bright and vivid
and undimmed to the very last to have tranquilly
expired in his bed at the great age of eighty-
five ! In his fifth year it was that THOMAS
COCHRANE'S name was first entered on the books