The Sun.
London, England, 1869-12-09 00:00:00

i7OURSE OF EXCHANGE.

Amsterdam Short ... 11 181 ... 11 19
Do
Rotterdam — ... 12 14 ... 12 14
Antwerp — ... 25 374 ... 25 424
Brussels — ... 25 371 ... 25 421 f
Hamburg h — ... 13 104 ... 13 11
Paris
Ditto . 3 Ms. ... 25 35 ... 25 40
Marseilles
Frankfort-on-the-Main ... 1204 ... I.fxll
Vienna l2 65 ... 12 7
Trieste — ... 12 65 ... 12 70
Petersburg -
Copenhagen.. — .„. 9 14 ... 9 16
Berlin
Madrid..
Cadiz — ... 42 ... 494
Leghorn
Milan — ... 26 85 ... 26 95
Genoa — ... 26 85 ...- 26 95
Naples
Palermo — ... 26 85 ... 26 95
Messina
~. 26 85 ... 26 95
Lisbon — ... 511 ...,. 52
Oporto — ••• 514 ... 52
Rio Janeiro — ••• •••
New York ....... - .., - •••

I A DVEItTISENIENT. I—Tiolloway's Pills.—lndigestion and
Liver Complaints.—. Lovers of society, and all athFcted to
enjoyment of the table, would do well to remember that
the digestion cannot be long or seriously disordered with-
out the derangement being perceptible on the counten-
ance. These Pills prevent all unpleasant consequences;
they improve the appetite, and with the increased desire
for food, they augment the powers of digestion and assi-
milation in the stomach. flolloway's Pills deals most satis-
factorily with deranged or diseased conditions of the many
organs engaged in extracting nourishment for our bodies
from our various diets. The liver, stomach, bowels, and
kidneys, with :many minor parts suWerving the same
end, readily bow to this treatment,

The Hon. Charles Sum per delivered the first of
a series of lectures, Nov. 17, on " Caste." He
showed that the claim to superiority on account of
colour was inconsistent with American laws, with
those of nature, and of God. The assumption set up
by men to a superiority over other men, in conside-
ration of birthor colour, he wholly rejecte.l. All men
had an equal co-partnership in ruling beas`s, which
should symbolist co-partnership in the rights of
man. Government would yet become a science,
and the only groundwork upon which to erect it is
the great law—" To do unto others as you would
they should da unto you." The Portuguese, in
opening India, found a state of society the grada-
tions of which they described as caste ; hence the
word. Ile entered minutely and learnedly into
these distinctions, thus continuing :
"A distinction in character and capabilities, it was
claimed, grew out of a difference in race. But science was
at fault in informing us of the number of races. Four was
the number of races of men which scientific inquiry first
established ; then another was added ; then it was demon-
strated by eminent travellers and naturalists that there
were eleven, and scientifio men equally respectable hold
that there are 65 human races upon the earth. If philo-
logy wore called to our aid, how great an increase of races
might be figured up. Men of our race are known to speak
in languages widely different, and those of different races
use the same. Whatever may be the origin, there is an
influence stamping them all with a. cosmopolitan character
—giving them thought, intelligence, conscience, and the
hope of heaven—making them alike in their general cha-
racteristics as they aro dissimilar from everything in na-
ture. He might introduce great names in science to cor-
roborate the opinion that the origin of human species was
the same. But there could be no final human testimony.
There was another unity to which we could all anchor
safely the unity of intellect, mutual identity, and capacities
for improvement. All history, anatomy, psychology, and
philology testified to the unity of mankind. By these
tokens man everywhere was known as man, and by these
tokens the speaker claimed for him all the rights of man."
The European man, though risen to the highest
civilization, emerged from an Ethiopian darkness ;
painted savages, lower than the most degraded of
Africa, greeted Caesar in Great Britain, and the
Irish were cannibals. (Mr. Sumner might, we
think, have added the Scotch). Even 80 years
ago parts of Great Britain were in a state of bar-
barism, while France, the home of modern civiliza-
tion, not a hundred years agn, in morals and man-
ners, would have disgraced Ethiopia :

" Given d gradation and subsequent elevation in the
space of 100 or 1800 years, how long will it take others
similarly d graded to similarly rise? Besides the natural
and historical argument in favour of the improvement of
the negro race, the age which sees their degradation sees
also institutions and opp.trtnuities for their more speedy
advancement. The progress of the times is more rapid
than that of the times when Britain raised herself into
civillzation and grea'ness. The African race may come
up slowly, like a backward child at school, but there is no
reasoa why she may not rise at last. In concluding, Mr.
Sumner spoke of the practical effects of the exclusion of
the spirit of caste from our institutions. Drive it out from
our own country, and it would be, no Cain, a vagabond
on the face of the earth ; and other nations, rising to our
greatness, woul I hold us as an example in this. lie w quid
plead for the negro that the manhool that existed in the
d-'graded one might be permitted to expand and raise itself
to a level with our own manhood; and he would plead for
the Chinese strangers that one word of welcome should be
given them--'Be strangers no more If the Chinese come
for labour only, we shall have the advantage of their won-
derful skill and industry; if they come for citizenship,
they will become first assimilated with us. But the gate
of iruprovetnent and the opportunities of freedom should
be opened in this land to every member of the human
family. Mr. Sumner concluded his address amid loud ap-
plause. After the audience had dispersed he received a
large number of citizens and ladies at the house of Sena-
tor Frelinghuysen."

THE "PALL MALL GAZETTE" AS A MORNING

JOURNAL,

(From the Anglo American Times.)

" I saw a goad thing in your last pamphlet," said
Dan O'Connell to a vain literary acquaintance;
" What was it?" eagerly asked the gratified writer.
" A pound of butter 1" was the killing reply. It is
a pity the enormous waste of the Echo cannot be
thus utilised. Often we see a cartload of old num-
bers tied up in bundles going—where? we cannot
imagine. Whether the man seated on the top is
duly impressed with the weight of the knowledge
beneath him we do not pretend to say, but•tho
horse jogs along under the idea that, there is no-
thing in the cart. The manufacturer of the paper
at least knows how to make much out of little,
whether they have learnt that useful lesson or not
inside the office. Bat the free circulation of the
Echo, light though it be, appears to have had an
unsettling effect on its heavy evening contempo-
rary, the Pall Mall Gazette (that is, the paper for
a pound of butter, though we cannot understand
why any class of dairymen should use printed paper
as a wrapper for butter). The Gazette announces its
intention to descend into the rank of the morning
papers, thinking, perhaps, that a place has been
opened for it by the vanished Star. The change
will be made with the new year; the form of the
paper will be altered and enlarged, and the price
will be twopence. There will be also an evening
edition, and thus the Pall Mall gets back to its old
price, from which experience is said to have taught
that it should never have moved. Our evening con-
temporary tried to persuade itself that it was the
journal for the people, if brought within the peo-
ple's means. It was so brought, and the change
now announced shows the result. The truth is,
that the Pall lllall is too good a paper for the masses.
We know what sells, for we have the example in
the 7 elegraph. It is vain for the contemporaries of
that journal to denounce the style, to sneer at the
" Literary Body-Snatcher," to call it the Bellow-
graph, or to scream "Heigh-ho, Ninny !" for its
is the style that pays. Other journals imitate it,
even the greatest, and produce what the Spectator
calls "Telegraph and water." " The largest circulation
in the world" remains untouched because its style
remains unapproached. " One fact is worth a
thousand arguments," as it once said, or rather in-
tended to say, though the meaning was strangely
perverted by a compositor's blunder, and the fact
that it maintains its position and maintains its
style, in spite of hostile criticism, shows the
taste of the masses. Now the style of the Pall
Mall is the reverse ; terse, argumentative, solid ;
perhaps many will add, dry. The severity of the
journal in its criticisms, both on contemporary
literature and on the stage, has doubtless swelled
the number of its bitter enemies into a host. Such
writing may give momentary gratification to thou-
sands who, after discussing the subject for an hour,
dismiss it from their minds for ever ; but not so with
theheartwhicb has received the dart, where itrankles,
and another lifelong enemy is added to the detrac-
tors of the journal " written by gentlemen for
gentlemen." It is not the habit of people who have
a good thing to unsettle it, for the truth of the old
proverb is felt alike by all " to leave well
alone." ',Englishmen will curiously watch the result,
and so will Americans, who take a personal and in-
dividual interest in the changes which occur among
the great journals of the Loudon press as well as in
their own country. No paper is more quoted in the
United States, and there the impression is that the
Pall Mall Gazette has a wide circulation and ex-
presses the sentiments of a powerful class. There
it will be supposed that it is in its might that it
thus enters the lists against the 7 intes, though those
who know more may entertain a very different
opinion. We do not profess to know, and allude
to the merest rumour, but that rumour does say
that the Gazette made a fatal mistake in coming
down to one penny, that instead of increasing, its
circulation has decreased, not perhaps because of
the alteration in price, but because it was essen-
tially a London journal sold in the streets, and,
more still, in the squares to people of the upper
classes, and the change was made at the close
of the fashionable season. The morning Pall
Mall Gazette can hardly fail to prove a formidable
• rival to the Morning Post, as the former will be
twopence and the latter threepence, and we pre-

Cornelius Vanderbilt has made mistakes in hie
career, not often, it is true, hut it may be doubted
whether the bronze effigy farce is not to be classed
among them. It gave rise to the most ridiculous
scene ever enacte 1 on the Wall- street StoCk Ex-
change, and it has drawn attention to the Commo-
dore and his career to a degree on which we may
congratulate him, if public attention was alone his
object. Among these sketches is one forcibly drawn
by the pen of the New York correspondent of the
Daily News. Ilestyles his picture the " Canonization
of Mammon," and in the foreground he introduces
a bishop invoking a blessing, men spechifying
and reciting verses, and the authorities of the
city bowing down and worshipping before the brass
image Vanderbilt had at his own expense set up,
for it was supposed to be by public subscription while
the statue was really paid for by Vanderbilt himself.
This is the career which called forth honours ac-
corded only to the worst specimens of Roman Em-