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London, England, 1856-07-30 00:00:00

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The late article in the Monitet,
Spain may be taken as an annotm
French Government apprc ves the
the Queen and her present Minister, anchirill aira
them at least its moral support. We cannot be-
lieve that the public opinion of this country will
acquiesce in the judgment of the Tuileries, bat, as
France seems not likely to convert approval into
active interference, and as England has long aban-
doned the notion that liberal institutions can be
established in any land by foreign intervention, the
disagreement is, perhaps, more speculative than
practical. Treating,. then, the ar icle in the Moni-
teur as merely an essay on a point of contemporary
politics, we may be allowed to remark on what
seem to us its erroneous views of a country which ..,.
has, for many years been the subject of attention,
but is even now but little understood.
What are the occurrences which within the last
few days have agitated Spain ? A Constitutional
Queen, who holds her title to the Crown by legal
enactment against a relative claiming by divine
right, has suddenly dismissed, or caused to resign,
the Minister who during' his whole career has bees
the champion of responsible government in hit
dominions. Another politician, known only as a
resolute and unscrupulous soldier, has been xaised
to supreme power. This substitution of a notori •
ously Absolutist Minister for a man of strictly con-
stitutional views would seem to a foreigner a dan-
gerous act. We might, however, be in the wrong.
But when we see the actual and immediate results
we can no longer hesitate as to the character of the
change. We find that insurrection immediately fol-
lowed in Madrid, and that for this insurrection the
new Government was thoroughly prepared before-
hand. We find that O'Donnell, taking advantage
of his position as Minister of War, had concen-
trated 20,000 men on the capital. His first step was
to surround himself with colleagues who had two
years before, when for a few hours in office, turned
the cannon of the army against the people. The
first act of the new Ministry was the proclamation
of martial law. The Legislative Assembly was dis-
persed by force, fired upon when proceeding in
depntation to the presence of the Sovereign, and
driven from their legal place of meeting bygrape-
shot. `We 'find thii-Capital in arms to resist this
treasonable violation of public laiv and we hear of
a desperate contest, in which the National Guard,
after several hours' fighting, are crushed by the large
forces concentrated on Madrid. The next intelli-
gence is that the Cortes have fled to a provincial
town. AT.ragon receives the national assembly,
which declares that it has been dispersed by a
monstrous act of military violence. Barcelona is
soon in revolt, and the flame spreads. At the pre-
sent moment S tragoSsa is held by an insurgent
army, and we learn that in the south Malaga and
Granada have not yet submitted. The Ministry is
intent on crushing all resistance to its power, and
everything is postponed until "after the pacification
of the country." Such are the facts. The Sovereign
and her confidant concentrate troops, disperse and
fire on the Legislature, fight a pitched battle with
the National Guard, and are now engaged. in crush-
ing the liberalism of the provinces. The question
is, what are we to think of suck an act ?
The Moniteur is especially desirous of one thing
—that it should not be called a coup d'etat. It
appears that some journals, " blinded by an un-
warrantable preference for a name," have called
the affair we have just described a coup d'etat.
To this the Moniteur takes exception. It was
merely the resignation of one Minister and the
•
substitution of another, and could by no means bo
justly called a coup d'etat. Not that the Moniteur
wishes to exclude the Spanish Court more than
any other from occasional recourse to such an ex-
pedient, for it proceeds to lay down the cases in
which it is legitimate. But the acts of the Queen
and O'Donnell, it seems, do not constitute a coup
d'etat. Now, we have no wish to argue on the
precise signification of this popular phrase. Neither
the words nor the idea they express are English,
and we may beside well concede to the Moniteur
stricter accuracy in the use of a political termi-
nology which it has borne no small part in creat-
ing. Whether, then, O'Donnell has or has not
executed a coup d'etat, he has, by violence and in
pursuance of a premeditated plan, dispersed the
Legislature, disbanded the National Guard, and
overthrown the constitutional liberties of the
country. We cannot think that this is a gratify-
ing conclusion to all the struggles and sacrifices of
Spain during more than 20 years. We cannot
think that the man who has committed this act can
be fitly deszibed as " having attempted to restore
order to Spain, as the first and most indispensable
basis of liberty." Knowing, as we do from expe-
rience, that repression must- roduce corresponding
resistance, and that, however extended and strong
it may be, the reaction must come at last, we are
far from feeling that "it is natural to bail
with sympathy a change of a nature to consolidate
the throne of Isabella II."
It is not to be denied that on the continent Eng-
land is in many minds the object of suspicion, on
the ground of a supposed selfish and Machiavellian
policy. We who know our own country, how
little the people care about foreign affairs, and how
completely in this their Government represents
them, can hardly conceive that the actions of even
well-informed continental politicians are swayed by
a notion that England is always on the watch for
the extension of her influence iu Spain, in Portu-
gal, Italy, and the East. The French politicians
of Louis Philippe's time was always haunted with
the notions of combinations against France, in
which England, supreme over the second-rate
States, should take the lead. This notion, as wild
as that of the bourgeois about England's desire to
monopolise the commerce of the world, was once
widely prevalent, and seems to have left some
traditions even after it has itself passed away. One
of these is the dislike,of Espartero, which has dis-
tinguished successive French Governments, regal,
republican, and imperial. The character of this
well-meaning old gentleman is well known. He
has proved himself during a long career an honest,
brave, and good-hearted man, with principles to
which he has always been ready to sacrifice his
personal interests. His defects have been timidity
and irresolution at a sudden crisis, a want of fore-
sight, and a nature easily imposed upon by the
kind of persons with whom he was likely to be sur-
rounded at the Court of Madrid. A politician who
does not feel the great truth that men are bound
to him, not by what they have received, but by
what they expect, is hardly likely to be long in
office anywhere. Espartero is one of these, and,
consequently, he has now to lament—if it he of any
use—the ingratitude of the Queen, the King, and
of O'Donnell himself, his own familiar disciple.
This is the man who, according to notions
now a quarter of a century old, is the repre-
sentative of British influence at Madrid. It is need-
less to say that he has never done anything fur us
in Spain, since, of course, there is nothing that wo
wish done. Beyond our rock of Gibraltar we hold
nothing on Spanish, or, indeed, on Continental
ground, and our only interest in Spain is that there
should be a stable Government, under which the
people should live happily and develope themselves
and their resources in their own way. Nor have
Englishmen any wish to uphold a constitution
merely because it is a copy of their own. The time
is past for any such partiality. For 70 years we have
seen the venerable institutions of this kingdom
mimicked with every variety of the sad, the horrible,
and the burlesque, by the unprepared intelligence
of two hemispheres. We look to the establishment
of Upper and Lower Chambers, the inauguration
of Presidents, and the regulation of Parliamentary
procedures, only with feelings of apprehension and
distrust. Neither from any hope of material ad-
vantage, nor from any ambition for influence and
prestige, nor from any national vanity, have the
people of this country given their sympathies to
the cause of moderato government in Spain, and
to the man who, to the best of his ability, has been
its constant supporter. Yet it is difficult to say
how much a supposed identity with British interests
may not have injured that liberal cause which for
the present seems so utterly wrecked.—Times.

From the London Gazette of Last Night.

and to which the attention of the authorities was first
called in these reports.
10,689 deaths were registered in Yorkshire, and of that
number 1,35 S occurred in Bradford, to a population of
181,961 in 1851; 1,213 were registered in Leeds and
Hunslet ; 695 wore registered in Sheffield.
The 5,834 deaths in the northern counties slightly ex-
ceed in number the deaths in either of the two previous
spring quarters. Smallpox and scarlatina have prevailed.
Vaccination is evidently neglected among the colliers.
The mortality increased in Durham and in Northumber-
land, decreased in Cumberland and in Westmoreland.
In Wales and Monmouthshire 6,781 deaths wore regis-
tered ; the deaths in the previous spring quarter were
7,392. Smallpox and scarlatina have prevailed epidemi-
cally in some districts.
At this season of the year, when many people are tra-
velling on the continent, as well as in England, it may be
useful to state that it is now well established by extensive
observation that England is the healthiest country in
Europe. France stands next to England in salubrity. In
the continental cities the annual rate of mortality is sel-
dom less than 30 in 1,030 ; and the rate frequently rises
to 40 in 1,000. In London the rate of mortality is 25 in '
1,000.

THE SHIP VVRIG FITS' STRIKE,

At the Court at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, the 28th
day of July, 1856, present, the Queen's Most Excellent Ma-
jesty in Council. This day his Royal Highness George
William Frederick Charles, Duke of Cambridge, Knight
of the most Noble Order of the Garter, was, by command
of her Majesty, introduced into the Privy Council by the
Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart, one of her Majesty's
Principal Secretaries of State (in the absence of the Lord
President of the Council), and his Royal Highness took his
place at the Board accordingly.
At the Court at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, the 28th
(lay of July, 1856, present—the Queen's Most Excellent
Majesty in Council. It is this day ordered, by her Majesty
in Council, that the Parliament be prorogued from Tues-
day the twenty-ninth day of July inst., to Tuesday the
eleventh clay of October next.
At the Court at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, the 28th
day of July, 1856, present—the Queen's Most Excellent
Majesty in Council. Her Majesty in Council was this day
pleased, upon a representation of the Right Honourable
the Lords Committee of Council on Education, to appoint
the Rev. Robert Edgar Hughes, M.A., Fellow and Tutor
of Magdalen College, Cambridge, to be one of her Majesty's
Assistant Inspectors of Schools.
CROWN-OFFICE, JULY 28.
MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PRESENT
PARLIAMENT.
County of Dorset—Henry Gerard Strut, of Critchell, in
the said coun'zy, Esq., in the room of the Right Honour.
able George %tikes, deceased.
WAR DEPARTMENT, PALL-MALL, JULY 29.
sth Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Lieut. Robert James
Montgomery to be Captain, without purchase, vice Elliot,
whose Brevet Rank has been converted into Substantive
Rank, under the Royal Warrant of 6th Oct., 1854.
7th Dragoon Guards—Cornet Edward E. Lawrence,
from the 11th Light Dragoons, to be Cornet, without
purchase, vice Fife, appointed to the 10th Light Dragoons;
Assistant-Surgeon John Harrison Robotham, from the
Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Llewelyn, promoted
on the Staff.
11th Ligbt Dragoons—Edward E. Lawrence,.-Gent., 40-
be Cornet, by purchase, vice Brooke, promoted.
12th Light Dragoons—Lieutenant Ralph Shelton Bond
to be Captain, by purchase, vice Lennox, who retires ;
Cornet R. Rintoul to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice
Bond ; Erasmus Gower, Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase,
vice Rintoul.
6th Regiment of Foot—Ensign R. Bolton to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Grogan, who retires ; Irving
Stoning Allfrey, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice
Bolton.
36th Foot—Ensign Thomas Scarlett to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Mahon, deceased.
69th Foot—Captain Charles Newton Biggs, from the
32d Foot, to be Captain, vice the Hon. Alfred 'Bury, who
exchanges.
72d Foot —Lieutenant John Thomas Campbell to be
Captain, by purchase, vice Atkinson, who retires.
81st Foot -Ensign F. K. Fitzßoy, from the 54th Foot,
to be Ensign, without purchase.
82d Foot—Captain the Hon. Alfred Bury, from the
69th Foot, to be Captain, vice Biggs, who exchanges.

The Jersey shipwrights and others who have been
teunga
tesgefdorbytAess
the
eLrs Yondoounnug,llSz,nrn l
men
nd
oriagae., a
strike,
resumed
übessumsetai-
their work yesterday, in Limehouse Dock, and were not
interrupted or ill-used ; but owing to the threats of the
union men, their savage and outrageous conduct to the
men from the outports on Saturday, and the general
hostile attitude of the union shipwrighte, 100 police-con-
stables, under the control of Mr. Howie, Superintendent
of the K division, were stationed in and about Messrs.
Young's premises the whole of the day, and a large re-
serve of the Thames poice in Wapping, the M division
in Southwark, the H division in \Yhitechapel, and the
G division in Finsbury, were assembled at the respec-
tive station-houses the whole of Monday and yesterday,
and will be mustered again to day.
Sir Richard Mayne and Captain Harrison (assistant
commissioner of police) visited Lirnehouse on Monday,
and the most perfect arrangements have been made for
the preservation of the public peace, and to secure the
freedom of labour, and the free exercise of the will of
those who think proper to accept the terms offered by
Messrs. Young, Son, and Megnay. Some of the new
hinds from Southampton, who were cruelly mal-treat
ed by the London men on Saturday, being afraid of a
repetition of this outrage, did not come to work on
Monday ; but having ascertained that they would
be effectually protected by the police and by
their new masters, resumed their work yesterday
morning. In the course of the day a notice was
posted on the gates of Messrs. Young, Son, and Mag-
nay's premises, requesting all time workmen on strike
who had left their tools in the yard when the turn-out
took place to fetch them away. This looks as the firm
were determined not to employ the old hands again ;
indeed, the places of a great many of them have been
filled up by the Jersey hands, 50 in number, and by
shipwrights from the outports. Four of the men who
were attacked and beaten in so cowardly a manner by
the London union shipwrights on Saturday were under
medical treatment until yesterday, when two of them
resumed their labours. The others are reported to be
going on favourably. Mr. George Frederick Young,
the principal of the firm, ever a good friend to the work
ing classes, and. Mr. Charles Magnay, the junior partner,
were threatened and grossly insulted. Mr. Sidney
Young, in protecting his father, was ill-used ; but it was
reported that he had ample satisfaction, and being in
possession of both pluck and science, knocked down six
or seven of the ruffians who were ill-using the new hands
in succession. Time violence of the union men has done
much injury to their cau-e, and there is no prospect of
an arrangement of the unhappy dispute between the
employers and those lately employ-ed. A private
meeting of the Shipwrights' Union was held at the
Elinburgh Castle Tavern, Limehouse, on Monday
night. It is not known what was the determination
of the meeting. There is no lack of funds on the
part of the Shipwrights' Union. The men on strike
had been allowed 255. a week ever since they left Messrs.
Young, Son, and Magnay's employ, and it has been given
out by the union men that there is 17,0001. in Land.
Messrs. Young, Son, and Magnay proposed to abolish
the lunch time from eleven to half-past, and the refresh-
ment half hour from four until half-past, and to permit
the men to have an hour for breakfast and an hour to
dinner, and to leave work half an hour earlier in the
evening and one hour and a half earlier on Saturday.
By this arrangement there would have been only two
interruptions to business per day instead of four, and
the actual working hours would have been the same as
on the old system, except on Saturday, when they would
have been one hour less. The London shipwrights,
however, consider the proposed change as an invasion
of their " rights and privileges," and will not agree to
it. The rallying cry of the union men is, "We won't
give up our 'levener and tourer," meaning the half-hour
in the morning and the half-hour in the afternoon, and
nobody would have found fault with them for this deter-
mination, although they had deprived themselves of em-
ployment, if they had not, by bribery, gross violence,
and intimidation, attempted to prevent others, willing to
comply with Messrs. Young, Son, and Magnay's regu-
lations, from entering into agreements with them. No
such privileges have hitherto been accorded to the ship-
wrights in the outports. The " 'levener " and the
"fourer " are peculiar to the port of London.

On an average of 10 years (1841.50) the mortality was at
the annual rate per 1,000 of 15 in three English districts,
16 in 14 districts, 17 in 47 districts, 18 in 87 districts.
These facts prove that the climate of England is eminently
salubrious ; and it has not yet been shown that the climate
of any part of the continent is equally or more salubrious
than this island, crowned with hill: of moderate elevation,
sloping towards the east and south ; bathed by the showers
of the Atlantic, drained naturally by rivers running short
courses to the sea, cultivated more extensively than other
lands, and producing those unequalled breeds of sheep,
cattle, and horses, which flourish only in healthy places.
The healthiest parts of England are not yot places of
general resort, L. the annual mortality in the various
districts comprising watering places seldom exceeds 21 in
LOCO of the population, and is probably lower in those
regions of the die,' Ids to which visitors resort. Hastings,
Brighton, the Isle cf Wight, Worthing, Mutford (includ-
ing Lowestoft), Newton Abbot, Barnstaple (including
Ilfracombe), Bath, and Cheltenham have experienced low
rates of mortality during the spring quarter; and it should
be always borne in mind in selecting places of resort that
through the peculiar nature of zymotic diseases places
usually healthy are periodically visited by epidemics,
which can only be avoided by consulting recent returns,
or by actual inquiries on the spot. The cleansing and the
sewerage of all watering places require improvement, as
their arrangements were made when sanitary science was
at a low ebb.

COURT OF ALDERMEN.

Yesteriay a Court was held for filo despatch of pub•
is business.

CONSERVANCY OF THE RIVER THAMES.
The TOWN CLERK informed the Court that on the
21st inst. presentments had been made at a Cou'rt of
Conservancy of the navigation of the river being ob-
structed and impeded in consequence of the form of con-
struction of Battersea and Putney bridges, and of trunks
of trees placed by some persons- unknown on the shore
of the river in the parish of Wandsworth. That the
river was contracted and obstructed in consequence of
the form of construction of Battersea and Putney
bridges, as well as by a floating pier or landing place at
the bottom of Essex-street, Strand, and at the Fox-
nnder-the-Hill, near the Adelphi. That on the 28th
inst. a presentment had been made of the banks at the
River Lea being very much out of repair ; of an obstruc-
tion and impediment to the navigation of the same river
by the construction of an iron railway bridge; of an
obstruction at the entrance of Barking-creek, by the
sinking of a barge ; of the dilapidated state of the cause-
way on the Essex shore, at West Thurrpck, opposite
Greenhithe, and that much inconvenience was caused to
the public by the causeway at Grays being much out of
repair ; that large quantities of rubbish, &c., were cast '
into Deptford-creek from the premises of Frank Clark
Hills ; that an encroachment had been made in Deptford-
, creek by large quantities of refuse being cast from the
prolcises of John Bennett La wee and from the Phoenix
Gas Works ; that the bank of the river at Blackwall-
point required shoring up ; that an encroachment had
been made at Kirk and Parry's wharf, at Woolwich, by
a deposit of stores ; of an encroachment by the construc-
tion of a pier and jetty at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich;
of an encroachment at the Sea Witch public-house,
Greenwich, by Mr. Bullock's shipsways ; of an
encroachment by the construction of a pier and jetty, at
Erich, with a crane and shears.
These various presentments were referred to the
General Purposes Committee to consider and report
upon.

THE GREAT METROPOLITAN SCHEME OF DRAINAGE.
The LORD MAYOR—I wish to make a communication
to Court, in connection with the proceedings of the
Court of Conservancy which was yesterday held at
Greenwich. Besides thug presentments of the jury a
deputation from the inhabitants of Erith waited on the
Court, for the purpose of representing to them the great
damage to property and probable injury to health that
might be occasioned if the outfall of the sewers of the
metropolis should remain fixed, as now proposed or sug-
gested, near the village of Erith. (Hear, hear.) I, of
course, assured the deputation, that I would bring the
subject under the notice of my brethren, with a view
to their representations being forwarded to the Commie-
sioner of Public Works for his consideration. The
Court of Con.crvancy have no power whatever in any
matter under the direction of Parliament, or over any
officer whom Parliament has appointed to supervise the
Thames. I believe that all my brethren are agreed with
me in opinion that it is worthy of consideration, when we
are embarking in a large scheme for the removal of the
sewage from this great metropolis to a distance, that it
should be taken to a part of the Thames where it is un-
derstood and agreed that no damage to either property
or human life can arise—that is, below Gravesend, as
suggested by the deputation. That deputation handed in
certain papers and reports of engineers and other persons
Rho might be called to give their opinion with regard to
the project in a sanitary point of view. I therefore sug-
gest that one of my brethren should move that those
several papers be handed to the Remernbrancer, in order
that they may be transmitted to Sir Benjamin Hall for
his consideration. I have now fulfilled the promise •
which I made to the deputation yesterday, that the sub-
ject should be brought forward today; and I have also
fulfilled the assurance that this Court will do whatever
they can to give the representations made to them pub-
licity, and to place them before the officer of the Govern-
meht whose.dutrit is to attend to such matters.
Alderman Firma presented a memorial from the in-
habitants of Erith, praying that the village might not
be made the outlet of the metropolitan system of sewer-
age, which was read by Mr. Woodthorpe, and which
excited a great deal of interest.

Alderman Farms then moved that this memorial and
two other documents, signed by Mr. F. S. Homfray
and Mr. R. B. Grantham, engineers, condemnatory of
the Government project for emptying the sewage of the
metropolis into the Thames at Erith, and suggesting that
it should be carried further down the river before being
discharged into it, be referred to the General Purposes
Committee.
Alderman LAWRENCE, in seconding the motion, said
be was very glad that the subject of the outlet for the
sewage of the metropolis had been brought before the
Court, as it was most essential that so comprehensive a
scheme as that suggested by the Government should be
fully considered before the vast outlay of money requi-
site to carry it into effect was entailed. (Hear, hear.)
Alderman COPELAND said he quite approved the mo-
tion for referring the documents brought before the at-
tention of the Court to a committee, but could not help
thinking that neither the citizens of London nor the in-
habitants of the suburbs were at all aware of the enor-
mous cost that would result from carrying the proposed
scheme into execution. (Hear, hear.)
The motion was put and carried unanimously, and at
the suggestion of Alderman WIRE power was givento
the General Purposes Committee to confer with the City
Commissioners of Sewers (many of whom were present
and seemed deeply interested) as to the most advisable
course to pursue in reference to the subject.
The Court adjourned.

PROTESTANT LIFE FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY.—
Vice-Chancellor Kindersley has called on creditors to
come in and prove their debts against the estate of this
company, otherwise they will be precluded from com-
mencing or prosecuting any action for the recovery of
them ; and an official manager is to be appointed to in-
vestigate the liabilities and assets.