The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-27 00:00:00

TEE PRINCE'S VISIT TO MR UNITED
STATES.

(From the Speetai Correspondent of the Times.)
NEW YORK, OCT. 11.
The. Prince of Wales has entered New York.
These few words tell of such an ovation as has
seldom been offered to any Monarch in ancient or
modern times. It was not a reception ; it was the
grand impressive welcome of a mighty people. It
was such a mingling of fervent, intense enthusiasm,
of perfect good order, of warmth and yet kind re-
spect, that I am fairly at a loss how to convey in
'words to English readers any adequate idea of this
most memorable event. I have had rather a con-
siderable experience of Royal progresses both at
home and abroad, and until yesterday's demonstra-
tion believed that there could be very little that was
new in such displays., In the welcome to New York,
however, I found that I had much to learn. There
was no pomp or pageantry attempted of any kind,
no grand liveries or gilded coaches. There was a
military procession, but that was only an item in
the great features of the day, which was the wel-
come of the people. It was such a welcome as only
a whole people and a free 'people could ever give,
and in the details of its enthusiasm and its good
order there was much, strange as it may seem, that
made such a reception possible only in New York.
In Paris it would have been a Governmental affair
of soldiers and gendarmes ; in London it would have
been a mob with an immense police force to con-
trol it. Here it was simply the people turning out
in hundreds of thousands. A huge sea of decorous,
but most enthusiastic spectators, who even at the
spots where they were densest were yet so quiet,
so impressive in their majesty of good order, that
at no one place did they seem to have a single
element in common with what we call a mob. It
seemed more a gigantic meeting of the citizens of
New York, convened for some great and solemn
rejoicing along the whole length of the city than
the mere chance mustering of its busy, restless,
and excitable population. It was such a grand
display of popular enthusiasm, there was such
a dignity in the calm reliance felt by every one in
the preservation of order, such a perfect warmth
and geniality of kindness evinced from highest to
lowest towards the young visitor, as made the
whole demonstration, perhaps, the most remark-

able of its kind that has ever taken place. Quie
and demure as are the English people, there are ye'
few Englishmen who can realize the fact of the
whole inhabitants of an immense city turning out
to witness a spectacle and give a cordial welcome
intrusted at the same time with the duty of keep-
ing order among themselves. Yet this was the
case at New York ; and along three miles of road,
thronged with half a million or more of spectators,
there were not 50 policemen, and even these were
only stationed at intersecting streets to stop carts
and vehicles from entering in the line of route.
Yet description does not easily convey the idea of
such a multitude—the strict, the rigid good order
and good humour that prevailed. This, too, was
not for an hour, or only while the Prince was pass-
ing. It was the unvarying demeanour of the whole
concourse from 10 in the day till past 6 at night.
With these few remarks to serve as the text of
my narrative, I must turn aside for an instant to
notice the progress through Baltimore and Philadel-
phia. At the former city only a halt of one night
was made, but it was sufficiently long to give fresh
proofs—if proofs were needed—of the extraordinary
warmth and cordiality with which the Prince has
been welcomed all through the United States. With
the exception of the rudeness at the visit to the
Capitol at Richmond, there has been no place at
which his reception has not been enthusiastic. At
Detroit and at St. Louis it was rather coarsely de-
monstrated by the crowd, it is true. But, even
when most intrusive, it was, after all, kindly meant,
and intended in its rough way to do honour to the
occasion. At Baltimore (which net a year ago
was the most riotous and disorderly city in the
Union) the quiet good order of the crowd and their
cheering tokens of respect and welcome were be-
yond all expectation, and certainly must have
given the Prince a most favourable impression
of the people of that fine city. On the following
morning (the Bth) the journey was resumed to
Philadelphia, the second city in the Union, both for
size and importance. Unusual crowding might have
been expected here, for the Royal party arrived on
the day of election—the very crisis of the long and
fierce struggle between the Republicans and Demo-
crats. There was a great crowd, it is true, just as
there was in New York yesterday, but one very
similar to it in its orderly, decorous enthusiasm.
Next day he rode and drove about the splendid city,
went to the races and the public buildings, receiv-
ing everywhere he passed the most respectful re-
cognition and cheers. Yet there was no mobbing,
and not even at the door of his hotel—where there
was a very large crowd awaiting his return—did
word, look, or gesture escape which was not of
such kind respect as would have gladdened. any
Englishman to witness. In the evening the Royal
party went to the opera, to a grand performance of
" Martha," given in their honour in a theatre which,
for size and magnificence, is equal to the best in
Europe. The whole of the audience—the creme de
la creme of Philadelphian society—rose en ?name as
the Prince entered, and rose again and remained
standing while the " National Anthem" was sung.
A little inquisitiveness on the part of opera glasses
would have been excusable, but with perfect good
taste nothing of this kind was attempted. The whole
theatre rose again as the Prince quitted the build-
ing, but this time their fervency was not to be re-
strained, and the house rung again and again with
cheers and clapping hands, and fluttered all over
with waving handkerchiefs.
Yesterday morning the Royal progress recom-
menced afresh. The route taken to this city was by
ferry to Camden, from Camden to Amboy by rail,
and thence in the Harriet Lane to th© landing
place here at the battery on the extreme lower end
of the Broadway. The public of New York had
been so schooled and abused by all their journals
as to the necessity for a quiet, yet kindly welcome,
that one would almost have thought, from the
tone of the articles, that the populace of this
great city were a mere horde of untutored mis-
creants,--people to whom it was necessary to point
out the most ordinary rules of civilised intercourse.
In fact,
throughout the whole course of this tour,
with few exceptions,- the New York journals have
never ceased to heap dirt upon the manners and
customs of their own countrymen. A little crowd-
ing at the country
en towns, the mere harmless curi-
osity of villagers,
route, has been transformed in
the columns of certain newspapers into studied out-
rages, and visited, in the columns of the New York
Herald particularly, with such a downpour of maud-
lin "Billingsgate" as, if any sensible American ever
minded how that journal raved, must have made
the poor country people regret the hour they ever
saw his Royal Highness at all. In the same style
the New Yorkers were lectured and deaouneed en
avance, and there was a constant succession of coarse
articles, in which the people of this great city—the
people who received the Prince yesterday with
a
grand dignity, such as I never expected to see in any
concourse of citizens in the world—were held up
daily as little better than a horde of savages. Row
these insulting diatribes were borne goodness only
knows ; they were enough to make the very name
of his Royal Highness odious to all sensitive Ame-
ricans; in fact, so strong were some animadversions
that I know they gave rise to much uneasiness both
among English and Americans, who in their mind's
eye pictured an open barouche with the Prince in
it tossed like a little boat upon the surges of a vio-
lent, irrepressible, rough, half-drunken mob, all
trying to shake hands with him and clamber into
the carriage at once. And all these things were
written of the people of New York who gave the
Prince such a reception yesterday ! Can the Ame-
ricans wonder at their being so misunderstood at.roacl
' when thus libelled to their very teeth by the second
Journal for influence and importance in the United
Wee

The Prince embarked on board the Harriet Lane
at ''''3ll4oY, where there were great crowds and
great enthusiasm, of course. Gen. Scott received
him on the part of the military of New York, and
Mr. Peter Cooper, as representing the committee of
citizens who gave the ball this evening at the Now
York Opera House. There were a few presenta-

tions of other gentlemen, and, these over, the whole
party sat down to a superb collation. Th6re was
not much in the way of scenery on the run down
to the " Empire City." The land is low and mo-

notonous, though fertile and hearty with crops of

corn. It was near two o'clock before New York

came in view, presenting, as always happens on
these great occasions, its most unfavourable side

towards the approaching -visitor. It seemed a
long, low, interminable mass of red brick houses
with hosts of shipping on the water ; making up
their tall spars for the want of spires over the
dusky wilderness beyond. Boats laden to the very
edge of the water were skimming to and fro in
the distance, like flights of summer flies, and wall-
sided steamers, with their tiers of decks crowded
at every spot, went striding about with a great
splash like horses bathing. There were ringing of
bells, of course, and remorseless blowing of whistles;
but, on the whole, the aquatic portion of the en-
thusiasm was not much, especially when com-
pared with the marvellous reception given to the
Great Eastern only a few months back. In fact,
all the interest was concentrated on the shore

and the procession up the Broadway, and, though
_ .

there was no lack of animation in the har.

bour, it seems now to have been a mere nothing
after the reception in the city.

As the royal steamer came in view the guns from
the batteries pealed forth their royal salutes with
slow, dignified regularity, shrouding the town in
huge masses of white smoke that drifted over the
city in a thin veil of cloud, like the mist of a win-
ter's morn. Gradually objects grew more and more
distinct ; the battery was seen, a glittering mass of
regiments, the walls, the windows, the roofs of the
houses along shore ; the masts and yards of all the
vessels in the harbour; the quays and wharfs, the
trees, and every spot or post from which a glimpse
could be obtained was one dense sultry-looking
mass of human beings, all seemingly in motion,
waving their hats and handkerchiefs, cheering and
clapping of hands. All the air seemed filled with a
hoarse undulating roar, as from the waves of an
angry sea. The landing place was at Castle-garden,
the spot where emigrants are received and housed
by the State of New York on the first day of their
arrival. Its general appearance is like neither gar-
den nor castle, but it was a convenient spot, and
close to where the troops were drawn up for inspec-
tion by his Royal Highness in the battery, where
the landing is nominally supposed to have taken
place, for there the ceremony of the day began.
All around the buildings called Castle-garden had
been put into perfect order, and flags of England
and America were entertwined everywhere. Mr.
Mayor Wood, with the aldermen of the city, were
in attendance here, and as the Prince landed his
worship advanced, and, addressing the Prince, said,
" Your Royal Highness, as chief magistrate of this
city, I welcome you here. In this welcome I repre-
sent the entire population, without exception." The
Prince bowed, and said, " It affords me sincere plea-
sure to accept your hospitality, which, I have no
doubt, will be worthy of the great city of New York."
Here the alias of Baron Renfrew was entirely drop-
ped, as indeed it has been now for some days past—
all invitations to fetes and public notices of reception
being given in the name of his Royal Highness the
Prince of Wales. The members of the corporation
and General Sandford, commanding the Militia of
New York, having been presented to the Prince, the
Royal party proceeded at once to the office of the
Emigration Commissioners. Here the Prince
changed his walking dress for the uniform of Colonel.
The Duke of Newcastle wore his uniform of Lord-
Lieutenant, General Bruce, Col. Grey, and Major
Teesdale, also assumed their full uniforms and
orders. The horses which each of the party rode
during the Canadian tour had with delicate thought-
fulness been purchased for their use on this occasion,
and, mounted on these, and accompanied by the
principal American officers, the party issued from
Castle-garden towards the Battery. A long, deep,
tremendous, sustained cheer greeted the Prince,
whose appearance astonished every one. Slight and
almost boyish in his appearance in morning dress,
in uniform and on horseback he looks a young
nobleman, of whom, apart from his exalted position,
any Englishman might be proud to see acknow-
ledged as a representative of his nation. He sits a
horse as only young Englishmen can, and receives
his homage of welcome with the easy grace of one
to the. manner born. Certainly, as he cantered down
to the Battery, his horse rearing and prancing with
timidity at the tumult of cheers around, he looked
even worthy of the great welcome that awaited him,
and more than this it would be difficult to say. In
the Battery were drawn up in successive lines five
brigades of the New York Militia—mustering in
all some 6,000 or 7,000 men. Taken as a type of
the Volunteers of this country, they certainly were
splendid specimens. In the 3d Brigade were the 7th
Regiment, the pride and admiration of New York.
They are undoubtedly a most perfect body of soldiers,
equal in all the minute technicalities of discipline to
our very best line regiments. I must own, however,
I cannot share in the feeling here which awards all
praise to the 7th, and I cannot pay the Militia of
New York a higher compliment than to say that, to
my unprejudiced eyes, there were several ether
regiments there almost, if not quite, as good as the
famous 7th. The 4th Brigade, to use Lord John
Russell's simile, was " conspicuous for the absence"
of the 69th Regiment. Col. Corcoran and his offi-
cers and men refused to turn out to welcome the
Prince: No national slight is implied here. The
69th Regiment is almost entirely composed of
Orangemen, many of whom do not blush to avow
their sympathy even with the Kingston fanatics.
They refused therefore to parade, and with this last
impotent display of wrath from a disappointed tur-
bulent faction let us hope we have done with the
s-abject. The insult, however, will not be passed
over so lightly in New York. Col. Corcoran will,
it is said, be tried by court-martial and dismissed
for refusing to obey orders, and the whole regiment
itself may probably be disbanded, for the feeling is
strong against it. The inspection of the Militia
merely consisted of riding slowly along the front
of each corps. Every regiment drooped colours
and presented arms as the Prince approached them,
surveying with open admiration the handsome uni-
forms, the erect, steady, military aspect of every
company, regiment, and brigade on the ground.
As a volunteer militia they certainly formed a body
of men of whom any nation might feel proud. Our
own volunteers will arrive at the same perfection
in time, but they are yet too young to fairly bear
comparison with these picked corps of New York.
Let our regiments, however, look to it in time, for
when next his Royal Highness sees them reviewed
he will judge of them by the high standard he has
seen here. The inspection took a very long time,
almost too long for the patience of the multitudes
in Broadway, who had been waiting and waiting
for long weary hours. From 10 o'clock in the
morning the immense concourse had been slowly
collecting. Before 12 all were in their places, and
here it was past 4 o'clock and no Prince in sight.
At last the long inspection terminated, and a car-
riage drawn by six coal-black horses came into the
battery for the Prince, with a train of other vehicles
for the rest of the suite. The open barouche for
his Royal Highness was plain, but excessively hand-
some. It had been bailt expressly for the occasion,
and cost the city more than 1,000 dols. The Prince
sat with Mayor Wood on his right, the Duke of
Newcastle and Lord Lyons facing. Amid the most
tumultuous cheers the carriage went in from the
n
attery towards the enclosure, called the City Hall
Parka park not by any means as large as the
recent enclosure at Camberwell which has been
honoured with that title. Here the visitors caught
a full view of Broadway, and it was one of the
guriagnhdedand
ncs
s is mostever
likely impressiveto s gh
witness.
tsw h ißclri
Broadway,
Royal
ds
way,
must say now, is not the Elysium of thoroughfares
which Americans suppose it would be. In 10 or 20
years hence it will certainly be the finest street in
the world. Now it is too unequal. Here is a row of
colossal marble palaces, six or seven stories high,
and next a small hiatus of ordinary shops, built
when New York was in its nonage. Next comes a
grand series of buildings carved in solid stone, with
shops as large and extensive as small towns, and
almost a population of assistants. To
cast-iron stores, with richly decorated
tfronts,he e employingsutinted
dtoresemble bronze, and then again
white marble and granite, Bath stone and brick, a

wild, bizarre street, a pattern book of shops and
palaces such as one sees no where else in the world,
such as could only arise in a fast-growing young
empire like America. From the City Park, however,
none of the inequalities were seen. It only seemed
one long vista of lofty palace* thronged from base
to summit with thousands of people. Both sides of

the way for miles were lined with a dense mass,
which seemed to vibrate slowly in its massive un-

dulationsbackwards and forwards in constant heavy
waves. Balconies, windows, roofs, storey over storey

the lofty house tops, were white with eager faces.

Every tree along the road clustered with people—
every railing, every post, even the distant chimney
stacks were occupied. It was one vast concourse
of citizens such as few people have ever seen

assembled together, such as is not likely to be
seen again in our time. When the Prince entered
this great avenue of human beings a long deep
_ _

cheer went up, such as could only be given by hun-
dreds of thousands of enthusiastic people. It
seemed less a cheer than a prolonged outbreak of
welcome—the welcome and greeting of an empire.
It is impossible to describe the route from this
point. The impression left was grand, but vague
and undefinable, as that of the ocean in a storm.

Flags and banners were across the road, but they
seemed as solid as masonry compared with the
endless flutter of hankerchiefs—a flutter that

seemed to make the whole avenue glimmer and
flicker —that rippled out over the fronts of massive
distant buildings like flakes of snow that formed a
perfect fringe above the huge black crowd of heads.
Hats went into the air, and handkerchiefs too, at
last, and there were cries of " God save the Queen !"
with " You're welcome to New York !" and cheers
and shoutings, even gestures of kindly feeling and
delight, such as carried even the coldest away with
the headlong torrent of enthusiasm. In vain you
sought to catch a glimpse of anything definite—the
vague immensity of the whole impressed you too
much. There seemed to be no details, such as
usually belong to a vast assemblage of people of all
ranks—no quiet here, and outbursts of vociferation
at another spot. It was one continued unanimous
welcome that can neither be told nor forgotten.
At one church—the mother church, as it is called
—the chimes were ringing prettily, " God save
the Queen." Yet from that edifice some 80 years
ago Dr. Irving (in later times Bishop of Nova
Scotia) was expelled for reading prayers for
George 111. after the Declaration of Independence.
Here it was now chiming the national anthem,
and all New York mad with exultation and
delight, welcoming the great grandson of that
same George's descendant who had only a few
days before been to the tomb of Washington bare-
headed and planted a tree to shade the place of
sepulchre of that great man. Who can ever believe
in the permanence of hereditary antipathies after
this ? What antipathy, rather, can be hereditary
between such empires as England and America ?
If the West is ever so bad it owes its faults to Eng-
land; if Americans ever think lightly of England,
let them remember they are the inheritors of our
every vice and virtue. Our kith and kin meet us
in every city, town, and village out here—exag-
gerating our national character—both good and ill,
but with the grand type of the Anglo-Saxon pre-
dominating over all.
At the City Park his Royal Highness and suite
left their carriages, and stood in the middle of the
inclosure to see the regiments from the Battery
march past. This was rather a hitch in the day's
programme, for it took a long, longtime to accom-
plish, and the day waned and dusk came, and nine-
tenths of the people were still waiting for the Royal
visitor. Apparently enough, however, saw this
meagre ceremonial of marching past to have satis-
fied all America. Even the houses round the square
seemed to have turned into component parts of the
crowd, so dense were the clustering masses that
thronged at every window, over the copings, filling
the balconies, and huddling together on roofs a
hundred feet from the ground. And the enthusiasm
seemed boundless, inexhaustible. If the Prince
only turned his head they cheered ; if he didn't
they cheered louder still. In fact, the Prince had
come, the people were glad to see him, and testi-
fied it by never stopping cheering while he re-
mained in view, no matter what he did. It was past
dusk and getting very dark as his Royal High-
ness again entered his carriage and resumed his
triumphant progress down the Broadway. Up to
this time there had been round the carriage an es-
cort of light cavalry, including in their ranks some
of the fattest men in New York. But at the re-
quest of the Prince they fell back so as to let him
see and himself be seen by the cordial people who
had waited for his coming so long and quietly. At
every point from this time it was one long, cor-
dial greeting. It was such a mixture of enthusi-
asm and good manners, of the most vociferous wel-
come yet the most profound respect, as no other
visitor that ever entered this city has been wel-
comed with. No matter what the excitement, it
never tempted the people to :break their self-
, formed and self-kept line. They seemed to feel
that it might be indecorous and misconstrued to
press upon the Royal cortege, and the route was
rigorously maintained open till the Prince had
passed at least a mile. In this manner his Royal
Highness journeyed up the Broadway of New York,
and at last, at nearly 7 o'clock, arrived at that
palace of all American hotels—the Hotel of the
Fifth Avenue,
Amid such a scene of enthusiasm it seems almost
wrong to stop to analyse its sources; but in this
case I may venture to do so briefly. His Royal
Highness owes his grand reception by the people
here to three causes. The first is the admiration
in which the Queen's name is held throughout
America. Loyalty does not of course enter into
this feeling—it is a pure love of her character as a
great Sovereign and a good mother. It is a feeling
which has been growing up for years in America; no
matter where you may be in the Union—North or
South, East, or West—there is one great topic on
which all men agree, one subject on which they
seem never tired of expatiating, and that is Queen
Victoria. The simple fact of being her subject and
her admirer is a passport to the friendship of all men
here, and an Englishman feels a double pride in
going among Republicans with such a lady at the
head of his country. The second cause was the
Prince's own kind and general behaviour through-
out the tour. In spite of the careful misrepresen-
tation of some of the papers facts have spoken for
themselves, and the Prince of Wales has gained a
reputation for courtesy and kindly feeling which
will not be lightly lost in America. The last,
though not, perhaps, the least cause of all is the
feeling of hospitality which pervades New York,
and which, as an almost invariable rule, makes its
inhabitants thing nothing can be done too much in
the way of cordiality and welcome for the visitor.
As a city of New York is to Englishmen the most
hospitable under the sun. Foreigners are always
welcomed there ; but for the traveller from the
mother country there is a kindness and courtesy
shown, such as he can meet with in no other part
of the world, save, perhaps, Australia. When
these three causes were united--respect for the
Queen, admiration for the Prince of Wales, and
welcome to a great visitor, all commingled in one
grand reception, your readers can imagine its fer-
vency and warmth. It is really not otherwise to
be described. After his arrival at the hotel the re-
gimental bands assembled under the windows of
the splendid building and serenaded him, the selec-
tion of pieces concluding; with " God save the
Queen," which the crowd, still waiting as dense as
ever, applauded tremendously. During all this day
his Royal Highness has been driving round the
environs of the city, stopping at 2 o'clock to lunch
with Mayor Wood. To-night he goes to the grand
ball given in his honour at the Opera-house.
OCT. 12, 3 A.M.
I have just returned from a glance at the ball,
and must content myself with a most meagre outline
of its general character. Even the faculty of being
in two places at once fails here, when one has to
fellow the Prince and at the same time endeavour
to record his doings. This fete has been looked for-
ward to by all New York for weeks. At its first
conception, when the eommittee was formed, the
number of tickets to be issued was strictly limited
to 3,000. People lived on in the earnest hope and
firm belief that this select number would eventually 1

swell into 6,000. They were disappointed, how-
ever, as the total of admissions grant ed up to the
commencement of the ball last night only amounted
to 3,021. The result of this Rhadamanthian stern-
ness on the part of the committee was, of course, to
create a perfect furore on the part of everybody to
get the tickets. Their possession implied not only
being a unit in the " Upper Ten Thousand," but
one of the three thousand above the ten. Then, as
the day drew near, and as the re aeption of the
Prince added to his fame and eclat, and the com-
mittee continued inexorable, those wh to were fortu-
nate enough to have tickets awarded them became
positive monuments of recognised fa shion in the
eyes of their less fortunate acquaintances. No
admissions were sold at all—at least, not publicly.
The expense of the entertainment was defrayed by
the committee of 100 of the foremost citizens of this
city, and to each of these were awarded 10 tickets
for distribution among friends whose names were
submitted. Some tickets, I am told, were, never-
theless, parted with by these secondhand recipients
for a heavy " consideration ;" but there were only
one or two such instances, though the prices
realised by them must have offered. a great induce-
ment to others to forego the ball. To-night as
much as £lsolhas been offered for an admission,
but all in vain.

The ball was given in the Academy of Music. It
is a large and handsome theatre, though not quite
what New Yorkers imagine it to be—the finest
building of its kind in the universe. It is some-
thing like the Lyceum on a large scale, but much I
over-done with heavy ornaments and massive pro-
scenium architecture, for all the world like the
facades of the grand hotels in Broadway. The
parterre of this was boarded over into a level and
spacious floor. The back of the lo' rer tier of seats
was closed in with flowers; the stage was draped to
resemble a pavilion, with a handsome and effective
drop scene in rear of all. Over the orchestra was a
handsome painting, typical of the friendship be-
tween England and America. The supper was laid
in the side wings, formed into a tong, narrow, but
tastefully decorated saloon. With this outline I
think I have mentioned the chief features of the
great New York ball. The American ladies are
justly celebrated for toilets. At the ball they shone
with real splendour, and before the Prince's arrival
the scene was as brilliant and 'varied as can be
imagined. His Royal Highness, with the Duke of
Newcastle and suite, came at ton o'clock. All were
in plain evening dress. On their arrival the fete
at once commenced, and still continues in full
vigour while I write.

TILE TRIAL OF MULLINS.

THE SUMMING UP.

The Lord Chief Baron proceeded to charge
the jury. They had heard the evidence on the
part of the prosecution, and also on the part of the
prisioner, and it remained for them to come to a
decision in accordance with that evidence. His
lordship then proceeded to give a narrative of the
circumstances, so far as known, connected with the
murder and the habits of the deceased. There could
be no doubt, he observed, that a murder had been
committed, and that it was prompted by the desire
of gain, and the deceased probably met her fate
either before going to bed on the evening of Mon-
day the 12th of August, or next morning after get-
ting up. The probability also was that the mur-
derer was a person known to her, as a total stranger
would have robbed the house, taking care to tie her
up in some way or other, and then left her; while
a person who was known to her would for his own
personal safety be led to commit the murder. The
case for the prosecution had been conducted as all
such prosecutions ought to be—by laying before the
jury the whole case. He disapproved of the counsel
for the Crown selecting evidence and making, as it
were, a nisi pries case of a trial in a criminal court.
Formerly prosecutions of this kind were conducted
in a way disgraceful to the country; but now it was
different, and it was understood to be the duty of
the prosecution for the Crown to lay before the jury
all the case, whether for or against the prisoner.
In they evidence they had heard there were several
matters which he wished to say did not with him
weigh much against the prisoner ; but he hoped he
would not be misunderstood as saying that because
they were not against the prisoner, therefore they
were in his favour. For example, a great deal had
been said about the pieces of tape produced; but it
was nothingito say that there were 33 strands in
it, as there were probably thousands of yards of
tape with 33 strands ; and he was able of himself
to point out that one of these pieces of tape was
thicker than the other. He was not disposed to at-
tach undue consideration to the fact that Mullins
had been seen near the house in Grove-road, though
some importance had been attached to it from the
contradiction given by the prisoner's sons. Then as
to the hammer produced, it was a common plas-
terer's hammer, and he thought the production of
that hammer was not in any degree calculated to
increase the weight of the evidence. He thought it
would have been fairer to the prisoner not to bring
that hammer and to exhibit it in court in the way
that had been done. The learned judge then pro-
ceeded to read the evidence of the witnesses and to
make occasional comments as he went along. With
reference to the finding of the parcel in the brick
, field, it was for the jury to consider whether the
expressions used by the prisoner respecting the
bricks and slab in the outhouse imported that he
knew better where the parcel was to be found
' than he would have known if he had simply seen
I Emm go in there and come away again. It was
true that the places of concealment in the shed
were scanty, and there might have been no other
place in which it could have been hid. The jury
would consider this, and would bear in mind, too,
that from the plan in court it seemed that anybody
might put his arm into the shed and throw the par-
cel behind the bricks. As to the waxed string and
the tape, he did not attach much importance to
them. If, indeed, 'by a microscopic examination,
or in some way or other, it could have been shown
that one end of the tape on the parcel fitted exactly
to the tape found in Mullins's house, that would
have been most important ; but bits of tape were so
common that no connecting link was supplied in
the present case by this portion of the evidence.
At the same time, though he himself attached little
or no importance to it, the jury should remember
that it was not ono of those pieces of evidence
which, if it did not point one way, pointed the
other. The facts to which he was alluding seemed
to point neither way. Of far more importance was
the statement made by the prisoner, that Mrs.
Emsley would not have admitted him if he had
called at the house. If the jury believed that the
prisoner was upon such terms with Mrs. Emsley
that he would at once have been admitted by her,
then he had stated that which was untrue, and the
jury had reasonable ground for suspecting that he
had some motive for doing so. With regard to the
hammer belonging to the prisoner, much import-
ance was not to be attached to that, for, of course,
Mullins must have the tools which belonged to his
business. With regard to the parcel, there could
be no doubt that whoever placed it in the shed was
connected with the murder. The prisoner said he
saw Emm go to the ruin, and bring from it a large
bundle. Why did Emm put the bundle there ? It
could hardly be to conceal it from his family, be-
cause, according to the prisoner, he afterwards took
the parcel into his house, and there made a selec-
tion from the property it contained. What could
be the object of concealing such comparatively
worthless articles as two lenses and some metal
spoons? As to the cheque,one would have thought the
murderer would have been only too anxious to get rid
of it the moment he came near a candle or a fire.
It was valueless, and would furnish damning evi-
dence against any one in whose possession it was
found. Did this look like the concealment by a
thief and a murderer of property which might so
easily have been destroyed, or did it look like a
plant—something put there to create a suspicion
that Emm was in some way connected with the
robbery? It was clear that besides Emm no other
person save the prisoner could have put the parcel
in the shed, and under the circumstances it was
not to be wondered at that the police suspected the
prisoner. If the jury believed the evidence of the
witnesses who spoke to Emm's journey to Bromley
and Stratford on Monday night, this person was
exculpated. He could not have committed the
murder, and from the evidence of his own family
he could not have put the parcel into the shed at
the time spoken of by Mullins, for he was unwell
and was not out at the hour mentioned by the pri-
soner. Against the prisoner it was alleged that on
the evening of the murder he was seen going to
and early next morning was seen going from the
neighbourhood. But the history of the legal pro-
fession abounded with instances of mistaken iden-
tity. He had heard Lord Cranworth, who had been
an eminent member of the common law bar, say
more than once that evidence of identity, when
given by those who were not familiar with the
person of a prisoner, was always liable to error.
He would not trust his own evidence on such an
occasion. If indeed the prisoner were known to
the witness before, then of course the identity
would be better established. But even if it were
established, the fact would not go very far, because
it would only show that at the time of the murder
the prisoner was in the neighbourhood of Mrs.