The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-16 00:00:00

ITALY.

The Official Journal of Naples publishes the
Royal decree appointing M. Farini Lieutenant-
General of Southern Continental Italy, and at the
same time a report of the new Lieutenant-General,
from which we extract the following important
passage

" The life of Italy was variously subdivided ac-
cording to the painful destinies registered in our
history; but the separate provinces became, by the
natural virtues of our race, so many glorious cen-
tres of civilisation and moral traditions. The long
existence of the old states of Italy has created
many private interests. These traditions and these
interests must be respected in all those points
which are not contrary to the principle of unity.
" Italy, knowing she cannot find peace and dura-
ble prosperity, unless united under your dynasty,
feels the importance of preserving, as a guarantee
of civilization and liberty against the usurpations
of an excessive centralization, the traditional de-
velopment of her local activity.
" This double object of Italian policy does not
any where appear more clearly than in the Neapo-
litan provinces, both on account of the importance
of the State which they previously constituted, and
because represented by a splendid capital, one of
the most populous and illustrious cities of Europe.

" Under such circumstances it is manifest that
if the Government which is being here established
in the name and authority of your Majesty is
immediately to start from those great principles
which are the foundation of your Majesty's civil
system, the ultimate organisation of these provinces,
as generally of all Italy, belongs by right to the
consideration and decision of the Parliament which
represents the nation. It will not be impossible for
the genius and practical common senseof the Italians
to lay down rules by which the great provinces of
Italy may remain free in the administration of
their private interests, and yet be firmly joined in
the representation of a strong State.
"By means of such a system, patriotism and
civil activity will always be free to manifest
themselves in the triple sphere of the State, the
province, and the city, and the various capitals of
Italy will increase in splendour in proportion to b
the collective vitality of the nation, which will .e
everywhere more efficacious and vigorous. This
is the duty reserved for Parliament, and which
Parliament alone can accomplish, because it is the
supreme representative of the will of all, and be-
cause in a country under a free Government it is
but right that the Government. should let liberty
enjoy the merit and honour of giving the nation its
fundamental institutions."
The Nationalities of Turin states that General
Garibaldi has arrived at his island of Caprera in
company with his son Menotti, Gusmorali, Basso,
and two or three other persons, and has resumed
his country life with much enjoyment.
The Indipendente of Naples, of the 9th, states
that a violent altercation occurred between Gari-
baldi and the Pro-Dictator Pallavicini, on the
morning when the Plebiscite was to be signed ;
and that he afterwards went to the palace in a
• with his friend the Pro-
common hackney coach
The point in dispute how-
Deviecrt,at Dictator ofamSiicclyaibly.
arranged, since the same
journal publishes the following letter addressed to
its chief editor

" Sir—ln the interest of truth I have to declare
that I have been entrusted by General Garibaldi
with a letter to the Pro-Dictator Pallavicini, in
which the former expresses his regret at what had
occurred, and declares that their friendship is to
continue as heretofore.
"Naples, Nov. 9, 1860." (Signed) "
" Count de Morny," says a Paris letter in the
Aouvelhste de .Rouen, "proceeds to Rome to ac
company
home the countess, who is now there, but
some persons have given to this journey of the
President of the French Legislative. Body, and one
of the persons placed the highest in the Emperor's
this
(confidence, a political motive,some, that

he would be charged to urge on the Pope to ac-
cede to the counsels of the French Government."

A Paris letter, in the Salut Public of Lyons,
has the following passage :—" A general subject
of conversation in the diplomatic circles of
Paris is an autograph letter which the Emperor is
said to have lately addressed to Victor Emmanuel
on the subject of the favourable and rapid results
obtained by Piedmont in the South of Italy. The
Emperor has, it is said, recommended him to
redouble his prudence and moderation, and to have
consideration for the feelings of the people ; as-
suring him that Europe must judge Italy by her
works, and that is for the Italians to merit by
their conduct the recognition by Europe of the new
order of things in the Italian Peninsula."

A letter from Vienna, in the New Gazette of
Prussia, asserts that the discovery has been made
by the Austrian authorities that arms and ammuni-
tion have been secretly introduced into Austrian
ports, and thence conveyed into Hungary and Po-
land ; also, that it is chiefly by vessels from Eng-
land, and particularly by those from Newcastle
and Hull, that this contraband trade has been car-
ried on.

The Nationalities, after mentioning the visit of
General Klapka to Turin, adds, "We hear that
the army tailors have received orders to get ready
5,000 Hungarian uniforms. A brigade of these
excellent soldiers is to be formed, having for its
nucleus the Hungarians who distinguished them-
selves in the army of Garibaldi."

The Madrid journals of the 11th have arrived.
The Espana states that the Queen had written an
autograph letter to the King of Naples, explaining
the line of policy which her Government is obliged
to follow in Italy under present circumstances, and
expressing sympathy with his position. The Junta
of Commerce of Porto Rico had petitioned the
Government to allow free trade in tobacco with
Cuba.

" A letter irom Segon, dated 26th September,"
says the Constitutiennel, "announces that the King
of Siam has declared war against the Emperor of
Cochinchina. This event, if true, cannot fail to
have a favourable effect on the operations of the
French and Spanish against the Annamites."