The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-03 00:00:00

BY HER MAJESTY'S ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.

M
R. ESKEL L, Surgeon Dentist, B,
1-Y-1 Grosvenor-street, has PATENTED an INVEN-
TION fbr the CONSTRUCTION and ADAPTATION
of ARTIFICIAL TEETH and GUMS, which has
the following extraordinary advantages :
First—A set of Teeth, of exquisite workmanship and me-
chanism. can be fitted with the most perfect accuracy and
success IN ! WO HOURS, without pain or extraction of
stumps, and answering all the purposes of mastication and
articulation.

-*Second—They are fixed without bands, wires, springs, or
fastenings. by a moveable, flexible, and imperishable BASE,
from which such an extraordinary power of suction or self-
adhesion is obtained, that the teeth are perfectly im-
moveable, except at the option of the wearer.
Third—Artificial Teeth made in the ordinary way are ren-
dered useless by the loss of any of the natural teeth to which
they are attached, but by this patent they are not impaired
in the slightest degree, are always useful, and will last a life-
time.

Fourth—Residents abroad, or in the country, can ad-
just these teeth in any of the above cases without the aid of a
dentist.

Mr. Eskell's patent, of which he is the sole inventor
and patentee, can only be procured at his residence, where
specimens may be seen and every information obtained.
Decayed Teeth stopped. Loose_ Teeth fastened. All con-

sulfa-Hens Free. 'terms strictly moderate.-3. ffifsVE-
NOR-STREET, and BENNET'S-HILL, BIRMINGHAM.

FROM THE GAZETTE OF LAS? EVENING.

WHITEHALL, OCT. 2.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint George Young,
Esq., advocate, to be Sheriff of the shire er sheriffdom of
Haddington and Berwick, in the room of Robert Bell,
Esq., resigned.
The Queen has also been pleased to appoint Andrew
Rutherfurd Clark, Esq., advocate) to be Sheriff of the shire
or sheriffdom of Inverness, in the room of George Young,
Esq., resigned.

BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, SEPT. 28.
The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade and Plantations have received, from the
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch
from her Majesty's Consul at Lisbon, enclosing a copy of
a Portuguese Royal Decree, fixing, as follows, the tonnage
dues.levied in the ports of Portugal upon Portuguese and
foreign vessels respectively:— ,

- . - .
Per Cubic Metre.
Tonnage Dues. Portuguese. Foreign,
Vessels arriving with Foreign gooods Reis. Reis.
Sailing from any port of the kingdom .... 225 450
Sailing with an entire cargo of salt, flour,
oil, or wine, of national produce, or at
least with two-thirds of her bulk with

such goods .. 45
Sailing with an entire cargo of goods of
national or foreign produce, or manufac-
ture already cleared for consumption.. 135
N.B.—Vessels sailing with cargoes of
grain of national produce with less than
two-thirds of their tonnage, two metres of
their tonnage shall be exempt from the
payment of tonnage dues for every 828
litres of the cargo on board.
Of the remaining space—
For each cubic metre of goods of national
or foreign produce, or industry, already
cleared for consumption 135
For each cubic metre of foreign goods 225
Vessels arriving in Ballast—
Sailing in ballast 225
Sailing with an entire cargo of goods of
national or foreign produce, or industry,
already cleared for consumption 9O
Of the remaining space—
For each cubic metre of national goods not
being salt, grain, flour, oil, or wine
For each cubic metre of foreign goods ..
Vessels entering on Speculation and ob-
taining such Entry according to Law—
Sailing with part of her cargo, and having
completed it with salt, grain, flour, oil,
or wine, of national produce 45
Coasting Trade—
For the first voyage the vessel makes in
each year
Warehouse Rates of Rent in the Custom-

houses—
The rates of warehouse rents in the cus-
tom-houses, to which the decree of the
sth March 1857, relates, shall be paid as
follows—
For dry good.. 35 reis per 100 kilogrammes.
For liquids....2o reis per 20 litres.

BANKRUPTS.

Charles Tuck, butcher, Ely, to surrender, October 8, at
half-past one, and November 15, at twelve, at the Court of
Bankruptcy.
James Knight, jun., bill broker, No. 9, Barge-yard-
chambers, city, October 11, at two, and,November 15, at
half. past one, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Laban Andrews, grocer, Wells, Oct. 11, at one, and Nov.
11, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy,
Augustus Pickett, coal merchant, Brighton, Oct. 11, at
half-past one, and Nov. 8, at half-past eleven, at the Court
of Bankruptcy.
George Drake, brewer, Stoke Newington, Oct. 11, at
twelve, and Nov. 13, at half-past twelve, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. •
Joseph Russell, job master, Clapham, Oct. at one, and
Nov. 20, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Thomas Tolson, carpet manufacturer, Dewsbury, York-
shire, Oct. 18 and Nov. 16, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court. _ . . _

George Noble, innkeeper, Middlesbro', Yorkshire, Oct.
18 and Nov. 16, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court.
Samuel Eason, coal merchant, Liverpool, Oct. 11, at
twelve, and Nov. 6, at eleven, at the Liverpool District
Court.

Paul Whitworth, grocer, Stalybridge, Oct. 17 and Nov.
7, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court.
Jones Thomas, bonded store merchant, Newport, Mon-
mouthshire, Oct. 16 and Nov. 13, at eleven, at the Bristol
District Court.

John James Rolls, grocer, Cerne Abbey, Dorsetshire,
Oct. 12 and Nov. 2, at one, at the Exeter District Court.
John Cartwright, builder, Whittington, Salop,' Oct. 16
and Nov. 5, at eleven, tat the Birmingham District Court.
Benjamin Jones, corn facto; West Bromwich, Stafford-
shire, Oct. 18 and Nov. 1, at eleven, at the Birmingham
District Court.

William Woolley, boiler maker, Tipton, Staffordshire,
Oct. 15 and Nov. 5, at elevett, at the Birmingham District
Court.

Thomas Price, market gardener, Evesham, Worcester-
shire, Oct. 18 and Nov. 1, at eleven, at the Birmingham
District Court.
Richard Maylin, grocer, Blackfliars-road, Oct. 12, at
balf-past twelve, and Nov. 16, at twelve, at the Court of
Bankruptcy.
George Ekins Arnsby, shoe manufacturer, Earls Barton,
Northamptonshire, Oct. 16 and Nov. 19, at one, at the
Court of Bankruptcy.
SCOTCH BANKRUPTS.

John Kilgour, draper, Alloa.
Robert Campbell and Co., merchants, Glasgow.
William Cairns, grocer, Hawick.
William Skeno, butcher, Aberdeen.
Hugh Fraser, clothier, Aberdeen.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] Pills and medicine invariably ag-
gravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, dis-
appointment, and expense may be avoided by persons
in indifferent health sending only their address to E.
S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, W., London, and they
will receive gratis and free by post the " INvAmps' Own
GUIDE," or Natural Restorer, without medicine or ex-
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refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal
of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints,
nausea, epilepsy, paralgis, debility, nervousness, palpitation,
cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrhoea,
dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds
noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions,
hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palps,
tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasmi-
sinking, fits. Tonehitle.—"Unqueetlenably the eaten Guide
to health."

Rechberg displays considerable reserve, and does not
appear to be inclined to pay " two high" a price for
the friendship of Russia. lam unable to say what
price is considered too high by the Austrian Minis-
ter for Foreign Affairs, but it is certain that Prince
Gortschakoff is now endeavouring to persuade Aus-
tria not to raise any objection should there be a pro=
posal for the revision of the Treaty of March. It
sometimes occurs to me that the Russian Govern-
ment is merely "playing off" • Austria against
France, and it is not unlikely that men high in office
have some suspicion that such is, the case. The
principal reason why the report of Lotiis Napoleon's
having • been invited .to go to Warsaw does not
obtain credit with' -the Vienna diplomatists is,
that they believe the Emperor Francis Joseph would
decline to meet the monarch who failed to keep the
engagements which he.enteted into at Villafranca.
On ,the 27th we received from London a telegram
containing the substance of a conversation be-
tween Prince Gortschakoff and the Duke of Monte-
bello, but the Russians in this city much doubt
the correctness of the intelligence. " Nothing,"
say' they, "is definitively settled between Russia,
Austria, and Prussia, so that the Prince could not
venture to speak so consise to the representative of
France." It here occurs to me to remark that
several of. the members of the French legations
are not well inclined to their own. Government,.and
the reason given for this is, that they, as gentlemen,
greatly dislike the parts which they from time to
time have to play. Very many of the German
papers profess to think an attempt will be made
at Warsaw to restore the Holy Alliance ; but
the thing is impossible. All the German States,
with the exception of Austria, have constitutions,
and Prussia will not run the risk of losing
the ground which she as the protector of those
constitutions has recently given to Germany. ' 'The
times are, besides, so unpropitious to the formation
of alliances for the suppression of the liberties of
the people, that a convention like that which was
made between Russia, Austria, and Prussia in 1815
would infallibly lead to a bloody revolution in Ger-
many. The Russian, Austrian, and Prussian Go-
vernments are greatly alarmed at what has been
done by the Emperor of the French in Italy, and
it does not admit of a doubt that they are about to
consult on the measures to be taken for restoring
peace and tranquility to the Continent at large. It
is not at all likely that there will be any regular
coalition against France, but it is not improbable
that -a defensive alliance will be concluded between
the Northern Powers.' The note which Lord John
Russell forwarded to Turin on the 31st of August
has produced a great sensation here, but the Aus-
trians seem to misunderstand the sense of the docu-
ment. The British Minister points out to the Sar-
dinia' Government the possible consequences of a
" wanton" attack on Venetia, and declares that
England has interests in the Adriatic over which
she carefully watches ; but there is no passage in the
note which can induce me to believe that an attack
made by Sardinia on Venetia will lead to an inter-
ruption of the diplomatic relations between that
Power and England. This, however, and even
more, the sanguine and imaginative Austrians have
managed to discover in the note in question, which
the Gazette de Cologne professes to have received
from Turin. This Government believes that the
Sardinians would not have ventured to enter the
Marches and Umbria if there had not been a pri-
vate understanding between the Turin and Paris
Governments; and it, therefore, attaches no im-
portance to the report that the Piedmontese troops
are about to enter Rome. There is no reason to
believe that positive intelligence has been received
from the Roman Government on the subject, but
it is very generally related here that his Holiness
wishes to quit Rome, and go to Palma, in the
island of Minorca.

Recruits are no longer raised for the Papal
Government in this country, but Baron Bach not
long ago made a communication to that Go-
vernment which may lead to a new misunder-
standing between Sardinia and this country. The
Ambassador stated that his most gracious master,
the Emperor, hoped the Austrian volunteers would
do honour to the army in which the greater part of
them had received their military education. His
Majesty trusted that they would be victorious if they
should be attacked by the revolutionary bands.
"But should the Papal troops be worsted, which God
forefend, the Emperor will not withdraw his protec-
tion from such of his subjects as have faithfully dis-
charged their duties to his Holiness. On the con-
trary, his Majesty will take the volunteer battalions,
in their present formation, into his service, and allow
the officers to retain their present rank." The com-
munication made by Baron Bach to Cardinal Anto-
nelli would hardly have become known here had
not the Volksbote an Ultramontane organ. published
it. Troops, artillery, ammunition, and supplies of
all kinds are continually sent to the South, so that it
is evident this Government considers the danger of
war imminent. Several regiments of the line are
under marching orders for Venetia, and among
others " Belgien," " Kinsky," " Hessen," "Bene-
dek," and' Stainer." The regiment Benedek, which
was in garrison at Rastatt during 10 years, is pass-
ing through the Tyrol on its way to Venetia. The
Austrian regiment now at Mayence is to go to
Verona, and the officers are said to have received an
intimation that they will not be allowed to take
their wives and children with them. The Austrians
are making great efforts to complete the fortifications
at Verona. The system of detached forts was intro-
duced there some years ago, but the plans were on
such a vast scale that a long time must elapse before
the projected works can be completed. On the 24th
the Ban of Croatia, who is a member of the Reichs-
, rath, was summoned to the presence of the Emperor
and ordered to return to his post without delay.
There was a report that Garibaldi was about to
make a descent on some part of the coast, and it
probably led to the order to extinguish the lamps in
the lighthouses. Due notice of the measure was
given to all the consuls, and we learn from Venice
that the British Consul in that city immediately
sent a telegram to the authorities at Malta.
The Liverpool steamer reached the port of
Trieste a night or two before the coast was left in
darkness. The political excitement in Venice is
very great, and the inhabitants of the city appear
to be ripe for mischief. They scoff at the troops
and the German residents, and insult the Govern.
ment when they think they can do so with impu-
nity. During the night of the 21st the Imperial
arms were pulled down from a public office, and so
abominably bedaubted that they were untouchable.
Many Frenchmen have recently arrived at Venice,
and on the 21st one of them, an engineer, was ar-
rested while making a sketch of a fort. It is whis-
pered that very important discoveries have recently
been made by the Imperial authorities in Venetia.
The whole affair is kept very secret, but it is be-
lieved that the Government has in its hands proofs
that there has long been a direct and constant cor-
respondence between the Garibaldians, Venetians,
and Hungarians. Several persons have recently
been arrested at Gorice and Udine, and sent to for-
tresses in the interior of the empire. At Trieste it
is believed that Ancona cannot hold out long, as
the supply of provisions in the fortress is known to
be but small.

It would appear that the Austrian Government
is now imitating the ex-Neapolitan authorities, fqr
the Vienna Presse states that M. Pesty, the editor
of the Temesvar Delejtu, five barristers, and several
landed proprietors and men of business have been
suddenly arrested, and sent under escort to the fort-
ress of Josephstadt, in Bohemia.
A few days ago M. Maager had an audience of
the Emperor, who listened very attentively to what
he said, thanked him for the trouble he had taken,
and expressed his admiration of his moral courage.
His Majesty received the Reichsrath at 12 o'clock
this morning in the so-called " Throne-room," and
made a short speech to the following effect :—He
thanked the Council for its great attention to busi-
ness, and promised that the report should be taken
into consideration. The resolution of the Govern-
ment would soon be taken, and the members of the
Reichsrath would do well to endeavour to inspire
their fellow-countrymen at home with confidence
in the Imperial Government, so that they might
give a proper reception to the Popular institutions
which were to be expected. The loyal nominees,

The Civil Government in Naples, like the military
operations at Capua, may be said to be " in a fix."
The Ministry have for several days tendered their
resignation, which was at last accepted. Garibaldi
will not find honest men to take their vacant offices
so long as all the measures adopted in the Cabinet
are thwarted by the dispositions of the Camarilla,
at the head of which is the Secretary-General, Doc-
tor-General Bertani. Nor is it easy for the Dictator
to appoint a Ministry under Bertani's presidency,
seeing that Bertani enjoys neither the confidence
of moderate patriots nor the goodwill of the coun-
try at large. On the other hand, Garibaldi-is still
too true to the cause of King Victor Emmanuel to
give the management of public affairs into the hands
of the only men who would, perhaps, willingly join
Bertani—l mean Mazzini and his party,—even sup-
posing that these jealous democrats could be brought
to agree on any point of home or foreign policy.
Whatever may be his real intentions for the future,
Garibaldi must be aware that the country is not yet
ripe for Mazzinianism; and the check he has met
with at Capua, and the rapid success of Cialdini and '
Fanti in the Marches and Umbria, have somewhat
damped the spirits of those sanguine partisans who
think all great political changes should be effected
by" God and the People," and that masses of volun-
teers are equal to all warlike achievements.

We have been for several days awaiting the arri-
val of the Marquis Giorgio Pallavicini Trivulzio,
who has been appointed by Garibaldi Pro-Dictator
of Naples. Pallavicini is one of the martyrs of
Spielberg ; for many years a Deputy, and now a
Senator, in the Sardinian Parliament. He is a man
whose heart was at all times sounder than his head,
an enthusiast whose utopian views age has rather
exalted than sobered. He is sure to come hither
with upright and conciliatory intentions, but he is
the very contrary of the sort of man that is wanted
here ; he will be kneaded aad moulded like a piece
of dough in the hands of Bertani.

However, a Oelque chose malheur est bon and,
under all circumstances, I firmly believe it was pro-
vidential that Garibaldi should encounter at Capua
and Gaeta difficulties which he may be unable to
overcome single-handed. The King of Naples is
said to have still 40,000 men under his standard,
and it seems that he has now little to fear on the
score of their disaffection or insubordination. De-
fection end disorganisation, it would seem, have
done their utmost, and the troops at Capua have
certainly shown both their ability and their
dogged determination to fight. Possibly the
valour and impetuosity of the Garibaldians
and the genius of their leader may make
up for inferiority of numbers and the lack of
warlike materiel and strong positions, and
eventually secure the victory on their side ; but
such a victory must be the result of strenuous
efforts, and it will take time. So long us the issue is
doubtful, the Mazzinian party must keep quiet, and
the madly projected conquest of Rome and Venice
by open war against France and Austria must be
indefinitely adjourned.
On the other hand, the success of the Piedmon-
tese under Cialdini and Fanti, in the Marches and
Umbria, has raised the spirits of the Piedmontese,
or National Constitutional party. By the latest news
the victorious Generals are at a few hours' distance
from the Neapolitan frontier, and the only question is
now whether they may be able and willing to cross
it. Should the Piedmontese, after occupying all the
Roman States as farasViterbo and Civita Casteilana,
appear before Capua and Gaeta, and by joining their
forces to those of Garibaldi put a speedy end to the
war, and should King Victor Emmanuel at the head
of 20,000 of his troops enter Naples, no doubt but
the Italian question, so far as Naples is concerned,
would be solved by the immediate annexation of
the whole South to the whole North of Italy. The
Mazzinian party would vanish into air, and Gari-
baldi would once more be won over to the King's
person, even if not reconciled with the King's Go-
vernment. In order to bring about these results,
however, it is necessary that the Sardinian Go-
vernment should, for the sake of order and peace,
be allowed to depart from the too strict rules of
diplomatic etiquette. Already Sardinia has, per-
haps, strained a point or two, when it ventured on
an attack upon Lamoriciere, but it was done with
the cordial applause of all Europe. An invasion of
the Neapolitan territory may be a more flagrant
violation of the old law of nations : but I feel con-
fident that the Neapolitan people have already
loudly pronounced in favour of annexation, and
that Sardinia is entitled to take what is already
her own by the unanimous will of the people, with-
out any further appeal to popular suffrage.
Nothing but annexation, and that without delay,
can, in-my opinion, save these southern kingdoms
from civil war, and render any form of Govern-
ment at all possible.
Supposing the Sardinian Government have both
pluck and luck to accomplish all the task that is ob-
viously before them, they will still have the ques-
tions of Rome and Venice to settle at no distant
period. Although there are not many thinking
Italians sharing Garibaldi's views as to the expe-
diency of an immediate attack upon France and
Austria in order to liberate all of Italy that remains
in the hands of foreign Powers, yet there is hardly
one who flatters himself that there can be real rest
and quiet in Italy so long as the French are in
Rome and the Austrians in Venice. That the
Italians, or even the Romans, should be made to
keep a Pope for the benefit of the Catholic nations
is something galling to the feelings even of the
most moderate patriot. It is not that every one is
so thoroughly convinced that United Italy can
is
t
no other capital than the ancient seat of empire.
is not that the presence of the Pope in Rome an
intolerable sore to all Italian eyes. Although most
men in this country would feel unspeakable relief
.)
if they heard that Pius IX. had removed hSee to
Jerusalem, to Avignon, or Tipperary, still it might
be possible to bow the Italian nation to the necessity
of allowing the Pope to reside at Romo, provided
it were merely in the capacity of a Bishop of Bishops,
or even with the mere nominal sovereignty of
Rome, securing, however, to the Eternal City all
the benefits of a liberal independent municipal
government, of which the Pope, and the Pope alone,
should have the presidency. But, in order that this
might come to pass, it would still be necessary that
the foreign garrison should depart from Rome, and
that the Pontiff should pass from French under
, Italian protection. It would be necessary that

mrstce. rest If
ex his Throne
o i
ns
Piedmon elivops should be quartered in Castle
St. elo. The Pope of Rome is either no Sove-
srteiilglnt,o ors
thaen
di s
aatn
all liiatn Prince.
Italian support.
Having settled the Roman question on these
terms, the Italian nation will next be st)rming at
the frontiers of the Po and Mincio to rescue Venetia
and South Tyrol from Austrian thraldom. By
alleging the necessity of arming and organizing
their newly annexed State of 22,000,000, the Sar-
dinian Government may be able to .put off the
struggle for months, or perhaps years; but there is
no doubt that Italy will be very difficult to govei n so
long as the Venetian question is left open, and that
the nation will be clamouring at the door of the
Government and Parliament till it compels them to
enter the field for Venice, even if it were against
the combined might of Austria and Germany.
Those Roman and Venetian questions, so long as
they are open, are the chevaux de bataille' of the
Mazzinian party. A cry for distressed Venice or
for priest-ridden Rome finds an echo in every
Italian heart. The deliverance of those last
districts of Italian territory from foreign thral-
dom is a task which the Sardinian Government
cannot by any possibility shirk, but it can ask to be
allowed to accomplish it in its own good time and
by such means as it deems most expedient. It is, I
believe, of the greatest importance for the peaca of
Europe that the Sardinian Government should be
borne out in the failment of its mission by the sup-
port of all Europeo a Governments, and especially of
England and France. If Austria could be indue'd to
avoid a useless and a long and sanguinary straggle
by a friendly compromise leading to the cession of
Venetia for a consideration, the revolutions of Italy
might be considered at an end. If Austria hold
what she considers her own to the last, and Prussia
and Germany back her pretensions, a war between
Italy and Germany will become inevitable, and all
the States of Europe must needs be involved in; the
quarrel. Italy has followed a course from which
heradvantage,she
she cannot now swerve, or in which she cannot stop
turn
her ownvalour
h and
half way. By a succession of miraculous vicissitudes,
which
has wisdomsucceeded
ha
in vekr
iewnnintgo
to
nine-tenths of her own territory. She must either
have the rest or lose all she has won.
The tout ou rien theory, which was one of Maz-
zini's hobbies, has now become matter of universal
national faith. Every Italian feels that all Italy
must be free, and there is only disagreement es to
the means, and time, and opportunity for the ac-
complishment of the remaining part of the task.
Certainly, the Italians may aim too high ; they may
attempt impossible things, they may venture on
enterprises in which they may succumb ; they may
bring the Austrians and the French back into
their half emancipated country; but the occupa-
tion of Italy, even by the combined forces of Aus •
tria and France, of Germany and. Russia, does not
solve the Italian question ; it does not quell the
Italian spirit;, it does not establish permanent
order in the country and secure the peace of Eu-
rope. Repressive means in every variety have
been, Heaven knows, employed in Italy since 1814.
We now see the results. The Italian nation is, it
may now be safely asserted, incompressible. More
may be obtained by doing 'the Italians justice, by
completing the work of their emancipation, by
doing for Rome and Venice what has been achieved
for Milan, Bologna, Florence, and Naples, than by
bringing all the hordes of Croatia to crash and tor-
ture those whom it has after so many centuries of
experiments been found impossible to subdue.