The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-05 00:00:00

The writer goes on to state that many years after Volunteers, of whom he speaks in high terms of
this loft;:; and unjust estimate of the Last of the commendation, and declares that, in spite of the
Tribtie,s, a German historian, Papencordt, pub- low estimation in which they were held some time
lis;.ied reaearches on the same subject. Whichever back in certain quarters, his countrymen will
'view the reader may incline to, it is certain that find, if they make the trial, that the Volunteers
great care, has been taken in the compilation of will dispute supremacy with the best troops
this article, and it is especially deserving of atten- they can produce. " Coaches and Courtship," by
tion. There is a second part of the " Marshals of Ouida, is a decided improvement on some of his late
Napoleon the Great," which is a subject paiticu- productions, and is an amusing tale of the unex-
larl3: attra.stive, for that renowned band furnishes petted union of a university fellow with a nabob's
an instant's almost per se in history, of a class niece. " Rivers and their Associations," is con-
springing u.p to meet an emergency ; and although tinued from which much useful information is to be
they might have been nothing without the super- I derived :
vision of that " Some idea of the enormous quantity of water- that is
" Genius that planned at its call perpetually flowing into the oceans of the globe is derived
Where the whirlwind of battle should roll ;" from the extent of its chief river basins. The Rhone, for
exrple, drains waters from an area of 7,000 square
yet still in themselves they possessed shining quali-
-1 milestes obf
itsthe
drainstwicethat windings,
area; and the Danube from 55,000 square miles
total number of 26 of these marshals, no less than of surface : but the waters from an area of 300,000 square
eight died violent deaths. Murat and Ney, shot miles fall into the St. Lawrence, and those from 1,000,000
hofassquiare miles into the Mississippi, which, by its windbags.
by verdict of a court-martial, Berthier committed
of toansenof twhaott!,sfa6nat Iti itsoetshtiemateddithat 1,800,000,000
suicide, Brune assassinated, Lannes mortally
wounded at Essling, Bessieres killed at Lutzen, besides the great rivers daily
into
into it, receiveste rra ne Mediterranean, which,
more than
Poniatowski drowned in the Elster, and Mortier twenty secondary rivers and innumerable smaller streams.
killed by Fieschie's infernal machine in Paris. More than a fourth of the river water of all Europe falls
" Found at Sea" is a very remarkable sketch, which into the Black Sea."
is painful to peruse, but which is very forcibly A short tale by Christian Andersen cannot fail to
attract attention. "Gurney or Two Fortunes," is
narrated ; and the way in which the murderer is
discovered is really marvellous, furnishing another continued.• The tale of " Ovingdean Grange" is
b
instance of the retributive justice of events, and
rought to a conclusion this month. Charles, after
a_ being surprised by Stelfax, locked up—rescued and
the terrors of a guilty, conscience. "The Work-
experiencing many adventures and hair-breadth
day World in France enters into a discussion of
escapes, at length embarks on board of a vessel at
the relative merits of the systems adopted here and
abroad in reference to children and their employers. Brightelmstone, and is safely conveyed to France.
It is stated that the advantages preponderate There is a description of the town as it was at that
greatly. on the side of the foreign arrangements ; time, and a comparison with the Brighton of the
and from some of the instances here adduced it present day, in which despite the loss of the ro-
mantic, the latter has the advantage. So ends the
does appear that the laws are not so stringent,
t
and that a greater freedom is allowed, the young. tale. But the last chapter disposes of the lesser
There is an article on " The French Treaty characters—Clavering is wedded to Dulcia, and.
of Commerce," which considers the question after the restoration Stelfax, then a Colonel in the
carefully, but takes too favourable a view Guards, is received with favour by Charles.
of the transaction as a whole. It states
that " Time will show whether the ambi-
tious speculation of the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer in dropping the substance, of valuable
revenue in pursuit of augmented trade, has
grasped at a shadow, or has on the contrary
inaugurated a new era of unparalleled pro-
sperity." To judge from the present working of the
marvellous Treaty and miraculous Budget we should
say the former would be the most probable result,
and even if the experiment succeeds it will not
justify such an awful risk being run in such a reck-
less manner. Great blame attaches itself to those
who spoil a good cause; and while declaiming all
the merits of free-trade and the advantages of in-
creased commerce, these wise legislators should
have remembered the warning of Lord Macaulay,
not to fight the battles of truth with the wea-
pons of error. They gave up reciprocity; and
in their vehement desire to call foreigners their
brothers, they denied to their own countrymen
their rights, and treated them as they dared not
have proposed to do the foreigners themselves,
since they would have spurned a treaty whose
terms proposed they should take all the loss at once
and not share the profit for some time. Until some-
thing more decided and definite as to national ad-
vantage is seen to accrue from the new system, it
would be as well for the admirers of Mr. Gladstone
who think he monopolises the wisdom and oratory
of the age to stay their panegyrics and reserve their
felicitations. Finis coronat opus, and it is not cus-
tomary to recite the odes of victory before the con.
quest has been' gained.

Colburn's United Service Magazine.
The leading chapter in this number is upon the
reorganisation of the Indian Army. This is a sub-
ject of such long-standing and continued contro-
versy, that the public, despite its importance, be-
gins to weary of it. The author condemns Sir
Charles Wood's policy, and suggests various plans
of his own. The next is upon the Military Store

Fraser's Magazine.
The present number of Fraser, although dis-
cussing a wide range of subjects, is scarcely equal
in interest to its immediate predecessors. One
permanent addition to the table of contents has
been made, by the introduction of the Chronicle of
Current History, which is in future to be a con-
spicuous feature in this magazine. It is framed
something after the fashion of our Parisian contem-
poraries, and contains a succinct though compre-
hensive summary of passing events. In the pre-
sent instance we have the condensed record of the
varied intelligence of the past half-year; and
though we must confess that discussions and dis-
sertations on the Budget, the Treaty, the state of
Italy, the prospects of Continental Europe, the
balance of parties and Reform Bill, at home, are
more familiar than welcome, yet there is little
doubt that, if carried on with care, intelligence,
and consideration, this contemporary chronicle will
be a valuable addition to the pages of Fraser. The
fifth and sixth volumes of Mr. Froude's History
are discussed at some length, though the writer
prefers taking a general survey of the aspects of
the time to minutely criticising the work. The
volumes in question, as most of our readers are
probably aware, refer to one of the most difficult
epochs within the range of the historian of our
country ; when the sceptre had just fallen from the
vigorous, if capricious grasp of " bluff King Hal,"
leaving the helm of state to be seized by the eager
but incompetent hands of Somerset and his suc-
cessors. It is justly remarked, in the article before
us, that the discussion of such an era demands more
than ordinary sagaclty and temperance in the his-
torian. "If he measure men and events by any
standard adjusted on the scale of happier times, he
will exaggerate the one and underrate the other.
In the Conservative party of this period he will
see none but bigots and persecutors; in the Re-
formers none but headlong destructives." There
is truly, as the same writer subsequently observes,
a Romanist chaos and a Protestant chaos, and it is
rarely, indeed, that we meet with an author who
escapes from bkh. The work of Mr. Froude re
ceives cordial encomium, and still greater success
is prophesied to await him in the stirring
annals of the reign of the Maiden Queen.
Viscount Bury contributes an interesting paper
on the Hythe School of Musketry, describing the
course of instruction awaiting the Volunteer officers
who arc selected to take part in its training. The
introductory remarks on the general features and
tendencies of the Volunteer movement are full of
sound sense. The primary importance of each man
being a good shot, and the absolute necessity of due
attention being paid to the cleaning of the rifles,
are points strongly dwelt upon in the course of the
paper. The clever author of " Headlong Hall"
continues his eccentric but ably-written story of
" Gryll Grange," and leaves the heroes and heroines
in a very entangldd and perplexing position, but it
is rather valuable for the suggestiveness and origi-
nality of the conversations than for the interest of
the narrative. The other story " Wheat and Tares'
also progresses, though without any great fascina-
tions. We miss this month the pleasant essays of
A. K. H. 8., whose writings have become one of
the recognised attractions of Fraser. In his stead
we have an article " On the Importance of Energy
in Life," which, though containing sound and sen-
sible matter, is somewhat too weighty and involved
in its style to do full justice to the subject. The
writer dwells upon the possession of this invaluable
quality as a remarkable characteristic of the great
men who have attained success in the several careers
of the general, the statesman, the politician, the
lawyer, and the author. With regard to the
artist or the man of letters, it is justly observed
that energy is as requisite for the production of a
great work in literature or art as in any other
vocation, though physical strength may be less
necessary. " The general or the statesman can re-
ceive aid of all kidds; in many cases he has but to
determine upon the course and issue his orders,
leaving them to be executed by others. The poet
cannot get an aide' to observe, nor the historian a
secretary to study, for him; still less can he hand
over some of his task to be performed by another."
The energy indispensable to the successful comple-
tion of a great work through inward misgiv-
ings and outward difficulties is also of no
trifling value. In the more ordinary put-
suits of life, the possession of this quality
will often neutralise considerable deficiencies
in other respects. The second part of the
essay on " Physical Theories of the Phenomena of
Life" is given; but its matter is too abstruse and
its style too elaborate and technical to adapt it
to the general reader. The series of papers on
" The Literary Suburb of the Eighteenth Cen-
tury" is brought to a conclusion—the object of the
writer having been, as he tells us, "to collect
some scattered memories of the days of merry
England, when letters were in honour, and men
sought rather for eminence than wealth, and to
sketch one of the favourite retreats of approved
genius," he may consider it satisfactorily
th
accom-
plished, since his records have included
greater part of the celebrities of
ttilileat
have a humorous paper pleading
aYearsdv a:
ofperpfeocffit
otgrutshysittei sduapy;ioriltrve
system, yd h'
vfeorl tl ioswe me
de n tbs Na, e r
paper
our
sent
onAgo." It shows us some
" Social and Political Life Five-and
'king contrasts he-
-s
as
slnyp to:ett thelrotfY
affairs
enter-
tt
awge
ee n
of thatthe daypr
present
s ea
nn
td
time, our o
wand it affords an
when George the Fourth was King. As might
taining picture of the generilnaNi'loc
be expected fio.n a writer on such a topic who
owns to " the shady side of fifty," the article is
somewhat diffuse and occasionally tedious, but
there is some pleasant reading in it nevertheless.
The poetical contributions consist of an onslaught
on modern poets by an anonymous writer, and a
singular ballad by Matthew Arnold, neither of
which possesses any high degree of merit.

Bentley's Miscellany.
In letter number six of " The Outremanche Cor-
respondence," the writer continues his sarcastic
criticisms on English politics, and the way in
which things are carried on in general. The only
exception he makes is in favour of the. Rifle

Department, and the recommendation that all
young officers who are at present engaged in that
department should bd at once released from their
desks, which may be occupied by civil clerks, and
turned into the storehouses, there personally to in-
spect and handle the various munitions of war, is
worthy the attention of the Horse-Guards. There
are some severe but not uncalled for strictures
on military education and the examinations for
commissions. It is all very proper that candi-
dates for commissions should possess a reasonable
amount of education ; but that education ought
rather to be of a nature befitting their future career
than that of a public lecturer. Why should the
embryo general be expected to answer questions such
as how many Popes there have been, and others
equally absurd. Beyond a reasonable general edu-
cation, military tactics, general geography, not the
minute division of counties,, should be required.
Personal experiences of the Italian campaign, in
which we find a vivid description of the battle of
Montebello by an eye witness, is well written. At
a time when owing to the severity of the season so
many wrecks have taken place on our coast, and so
much is spoken about harbours of refuge the re-
marks in "A leaf from the Wreck Charts" show that
the greater number of wrecks does not arise from
want of such harbours, the loss of the larger num-
ber of vessels being due to their being shorthartdedv
ill found, and incompetently commanded:—
Let us for a moment consider, as we are enabled to do,
from the returns of the Wreck Register, as well as.fr6m
the Report of the Commissioners upon Harbours of -Re-
fuge, what proportion of the wrecks that annually occur
upon our coasts are really unavoidable. On this point it
is necessary to direct attention to one or two statements in-
variably to be found in all returns upon maritime disasters,
and they all tend to one unvarying conclusion, viz. :—that
but comparatively few accidents occur to ships ably manned,
well found, and commanded by able and sober masters.
And also that the havoc is all, or nearly all, confined to
vessels of the smaller class, but this is not in consequence -
of their being small, but simply because in most large ves-
sels greater care is shewn in the selection of a crew, in the
appointment of a competent master, and in having good
anchors, cables, chronometers, compasses, charts, and other
aids to navigation.
So much is this the case, that in nearly every instance
the loss is sustained by vessels ranging from 76 to 750 tons.
because these are the craft most likely to be sailed, as the
phrase goes, " eoonomically." Vessels so sailed are ne-
cessarily weak handed, badly found, have chafed cables,
and old anchors, and, to crown all, are but too often com-
manded by men possessing but few recommendations for
filling the office of captain, except that of being part owner,
The result is, that such a union of evils afford but a sorry
chance of successful voyages, and we find the consequence
of such an alliance in " Lloyd's List."
The subject of faulty anchors and cables has become so
notorious as to attract the attention of our nautical M.P.'s.
We find that Sir James Elphinstone, the member for
Portsmouth, has given notice of a bill to establish a test for
anchors and chain cables for the merchant service. At
present any sordid wretch having a vessel can send her to
sea with a certainty that she must come to grief on the first
occasion when a reliance upon her chain or her anchor be-
comes a question of life and death to her crew. It seems
that from forty to fifty shillings for an ordinary brig,
schooner, or even for vessels of superior dimensions, is the
difference of expense, between a sound and trusty cable
and a bad one. And for such a paltry consideration as this,
there are scoundrels who imperil the lives of our brave
sailors.- These worthless wretches know that the insur-
ance will be paid, and this leads to a desire in such degraded
minds, that their rotten vessels may be wrecked. It may
seem inexplicable how the losses of these men can be a gain
to the insurance office, but it is explained by the motto, of
"the more wrecks, the more premiums." The shipowner
wants a new ship for an old one, and the underwriter is not
insensible to the above axiom.
In " Secret transactions in Russia during 1812"
we find the secret policy of Russia exposed, as also
events which, though trifles in themselves, regu-
lated the course of that decisive campaign. The
conduct of Sir Robert Wilson, who was in reality
the directing spirit, is spoken of in the highest
terms; he is but another example, unfortunately
not by any means wanting, of British gratitude.
" Sir Robert Wilson's services," says the writer,
" we are Old were recognised by all the sovereigns
of the great alliance except his own." The number
is completed by papers on " The new Germanic
frontier," " What is to be done with Sicily ?" this
time will shortly show; " The Transport Serviee,"
" Greenwich Hospital," and "A French View of
the Organisation of the British Army."

Colburn's New Monthly Magazine.
The clever author of " Ashley" appears as usual
conspicuous among the contributors to this maga-
zine, and the present specimen is not inferior to the
past ones. SoMetimes, it is true, the writer has
allowed his imagination to depict the horrible too
much in his stories, but as a general rule they are
most artistic descriptions of life, men, and man-
ners, finely conceived, and forcibly executed, and
in their brilliant entirety they redound greatly to
the credit of their author, and form one of the most
attractive of the contents of this publication. The
character of Miss Carlyle is most natural. There
is nothing that more effectually destroys domestic
peace than such a woman as she was. Constantly
nagging and grumbling she was covert in her
attacks, but. not the less fatal were those crafty
onslaughts. The apparition of Captain Thorn is
the chief feature of this portion. " The Belles of
the Island" is continued ; it is a sensible story re-
vealing the mischief and misery caused by girls
rushing away to be married in a wild state of
hurry and ignorance for the sake of being settled,
and the great blame that attaches itself to those
parents who persist in forcing their children to
the altar without any regard to their feelings.
" The Morris-Dancers," by W. Charles Kent, is a
choral lyric, commemorative of a pastime familiar
long and long ago among our English villagers; it
is a lively and spirited sketch. We subjoin two
e—are seen
sie:velme,phlaifeyte tfhorethstwyhleer:
vceoLseesgwenhtliec2hoowmiell
What frolics we mummers now foot on the green;
Leave tankard uplifted and goblet undrained,
The rosewood fruit-littered, the maple ring stained,
Bringing pipes from the taproom and eke from the hall,
Forth I and smoke is
ro theu sweet evening air at our call—
While we bound
Ere the ruddy sun sets,
While rattle
And prattle
Our shrill castanets.
Come striplings,
come maidens, treop round is a ring,
Here watch our *
quaint gambols that welcome the spring
Old gaffer in holiday smock trimly clean,
Old
gammer in scarlet cloak brave as a queen,
And_e urchins swept back by the whirl of the thong
lding bladder elastic, restraining their throng :

Draw round
Where we bound
In retreat and advance,
To each shout
Ringing out
From our wild Morris-Dance.
" A Holiday Town in Spain," by a Physician
furnishes useful information ; it is stated that ~Gran-
ada cannot be deemed a health-restoring country
for invalids, although the spring climate 19
reported as often pleasant." There is a very in-
teresting paper on Garibaldi, who is called the
Washington of Italy. It is said that " the eyes
of Europe have during the past month been fixed
eagerly and hopefully on the progress of one man;
politicians, of all shades from the most ultra of our
Conservatives down to the mc'st captious Liberal,
agree for once in recognising in Garibaldi the hero
of the hour." We extract the concluding passage
of this spirited tribute to the fame of the great
patriot and glorious vindicator of his country 'e
cause :
Louis Napolean may go down amid blood and smoke, asd
leave a name which will serve as a warning to futuro
despots, if Providence allow such to emerge heagefortll;