The Sun.
London, England, 1869-06-18 00:00:00

THE AMERICAN PRESS.

The correspondent of the Boston Post writes :
" For some time past a great political pressure has
been brought to bear upon the bead of one of the
Treasury Bureaus to procure the removal of a clerk
who has been over twenty years in the office, and
who has become very valuable to the Government
by reason of his long experience. The officer was
very reluctant to part with the clerk, and in his
dilemma he called on the President and laid the
matter before hiai. The President replied that when
a clerk had served the Government faithfully for
many years, and was still competent and necessary
to the service, be should be regarded as h lying lost
all political identity. Such men had spent the best
years of their lives in the Government service, and
should be entitled to as much consideration as an
old and faithful army or navy officer. The Presi-
dent added that be hoped all the heads of Depart-
ments and Bureaus, in making up their lists for
removal, would omit searching the records of past
years for the political antecedents of old and valu-
able clerks."

The Canada Scotsman writes of annexation and
independence in a strain far froni complimentary to
the United States, where it asserts the people have
gone back to the Middle Ages and China for their
commercial policy, and to King Saul and Augustus
for their system of government. The Imperialist
movement it considers a sign of wide-spread dis-
content and apprehension, and it would not sur-
prise our Montreal contemporary to see Royalty
eventually established with its neighbours, but only
after a few more revolutions and rebellions, of
which the last secession attempt was, it fears, only
the forerunner. The ,S'cotsman compares the an-
nvxationists of the Dominion with the Imperial sect
in the United States :

" We consider the annexation cry in Nova Scotia to be a
mere ebullition of anger, really directed against Confede-
tion, and which finds a vent in that direction, as a matter
of course; but the feeling can have no strong roots in the
hearts of a people so long'and devotedly attached to the
British Empire as tho Nova Scotians have been. In this
more western portion of the Dominion the annexation sen-
timent is chiefly confined to a small band of traders, who
are few in number, and almost wholly without political
influence or power, as proved in 1849, when the move-
ment assumed a far more threatening aspect, though less
in reality than appearance. Take the city of Montreal as
an instance of the actual state of the case, Montreal being
regarded as the annexation head-quarters. Why, of the
time wards the merchants can control only one, tho
centre ward, and oven there the aunexationists are a
small minority, while throughout the country the city
traders generally are viewed with jealousy and dislike, as
a class who are always ready to prefer their own interests
to those of the community. We do not say that they de-
serve to be so considered, but it is true novertholess that
they are. Politically they have no hold on public confi-
dence or sympathy, and are practically of little more weight
than the Caughnawaga Indians."

It disputes the benefit to be derived, as the United
States produce all that Canada can produce, as
good, and in greater profusion, except perhaps
lumber and fish ; therefore what is offered is a
s-nding of coals to Newcastle. " A war with the
United States would be a truly serious matter to
the North American Provine3s ; but, notwithstand-
ing present appearances, and the blatant outpour-
ings of Mr. Senator Sumner, our faith is s•rong
that there is less danger of hostilities between Eng-
land and the United States than between aoy two
Countries in the world." After discussing the re-
sults of a war between two such countries, it adds—
" Another consideration bearing on this point is
that the Americans will never be guilty of the egre-
gious folly of forcing British North into the Union
by violence, and against the evident wishes of its
inhabitants, a point upon which there can be no
doubt as respects an overwhelming majority of all
the provinces." Having thus shown that there is
nothing to gain and nothing to fear, it proceeds to
indicate what there is to lose :
" And now let us see what price we would have to pay
for annexation. We only give some of the items in the
account. In the first place, every farm and building in
the country would be mortgaged for the payment of 2,500
millions of dollars and interest, constituting the national
debt of the United States. Secondly, we would have to
pay double or treble the present prices in the Dominion
fur every article of English and foreign manufacture or
growth required to clothe or feed us, or for any other pur-
-pose. Thirdly, we would have to submit to direct taxa-
tion, the extent of which we may guess, from the fact that
the taxation of the State of New York amounts to $.19
per head, including men, women, and children. One-fifth
the amount, or ten dollars per head, would, in a very short
,ime, ruin the mass of our rural population, in the Pro-
vince of Quebec especially; and change the exodus, so
much spoken of, into a hegira or general flight. Fourthly
we should be forced to sacrifice free trade, and adept the
most stringent system of protection, or rather monopoly,
known to any age, thereby restricting our commercial in-
tercourse with all other countries, England included.
Fifthly, it would stop emigration from the British Isles
and Europe, as the class of emigrants who settle here
would be pauperized at the very outset by the heavy taxa-
tion and cost of living. Sixthly, in the event of a war
between the United States and England, we would have
to fight, kill, and plunder our English, Irish, and Scotch
brethren. We could add largely to this list of annexation
blessings, did time and space permit."

Finally, it considers independence unnecessary, a
mere subterfuge, simply annexation in disguise.
We would like the Canada Scotsman to answer
these simple questions ; facts worth reams of argu-
ment—How is it that emigrants, with both coun-
tries open, avoid the blessings conferred by Canada
and select the evils of the United States ?—ls it out
of pure " cussedness" that 80 per cent. of those who
do taste of the Canadian blessings cross the frontier
into the Republic? and will our contemporary ex-
plain why, if these people find it for their interest
to saddle themselves with the huge National Debt,
that the case should be reversed with the Canadians
themselves ? The only way by which the obvious
contradiction can be reconciled is on the supposition
that Canada has inferior natural advantages ; but
we know this is not the case, as many parts of
Canada are equal to any in the States.

WHAT NEXT ?—Monsieur Chevalier, whose feats
at Paris in 1864, in his balloon Le Goma, will be remem -
bered, proposes, about the middle of next month, to cross
the Atlantic from New York to Paris. The balloon for
this undertaking, called L'Esperance, is nearly completed,
and NI. Chevalier is confident that it will be able to carry
him for a month, should circumstances require it. Twi
difficulties for so long a voyage had to be overcome—first,
to maintain the buoyancy of the balloon ; next, to keep a
direct course. The first M. Chevalier hopes to meet by a
contrivance of his own. In an ordinary balloon every
rise beyond the usual altitude causes a loss of gas and
ballast. If every time L'Esperance rose 3,000 feet
it were to lose one-tenth of its contents, equal to 961bs.
sustaining power, the balloon would sink into the sea in
two days. To obviate this dangergthe Professor has in-
troduced his own invention, the " compensator" balloon,
which ie attached to the lower part of the great balloon,
but is not inflated on the earth, and is therefore ready to
receive the gas resulting from expansion at a high eleva-
tion. Across the hoop to which is fastened the netting
that covers the balloon he has extended a windlass, made
of a hollow cylinder; a rope of great strength and length
is attached to and wound upon the windlass. At the end
of this rope are fastened a n umber of waterproof bags, whose
mouths are kept open by small rings. Between these bags are
several conical floats, intended to support the rope when it
reaches the sea by the depression of the balloon. As the
balloon descends the lower portion of the rope will be
gradually deposited on the surface of the sea, relieving
the balloon of its weight until a sufficient quantity has
been thus disposed of to stop its further fall. in heavy
showers not less than from 200 to 3001bs would be added
to the weight by the saturation of the ropes, &c., and if
no sun dried up the moisture the balloon must descend to
the sea. As soon, however, as the rope begins to trail on
the water the balloon ceases to fall, and continues an un-
varying altitude, till when the moisture is dried up it again
ascends. The rope also checks a too great and rapid
ascent and consequent loss of gas. The water bags on
the rope have filled as the:: trailed along, and the in-
creased weight keeps the balloon from too great a flight.
Thus, by the arrangement of the rope, the ballast is dimi-
nished and increased at will; in fact, adjusts the differ-
ences without reference to the aeronaut. The next es-
sential point was to keep a direct coursi'. It appears that
during M. Chevalier's repeated ascents ho has observed
that at an altitude between 3,000 and 10,000 feet the wind
is invariably from west, or rather from north-west, no
matter from what quarter it may be nearer the earth.
This circumstance he claims as a discovery of his own,
and it is principally to establish its truth that ho trdear:
takes tit's voyage. The start will take place froman
mann's Park, New York, and already
hundreds of app
Urns have been made to accompany trim. A life raft has
been
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