The Sun.
London, England, 1869-07-22 00:00:00

SILK IN AMERICA.

Silk is yet likely to take a place in the United
States, equalling cotton in importance, as the people
have thrown themselves with their usual energy
and ingenuity into its culture. The leading State
for this produce is California, which a Chinaman
considers to be the best silk-growing country in
the world, " because, the blunderers at the cocoone-
ries had not been able to kill half the worms."
Three years ago there were about four millions of
mulberry trees in the State, now there are more
than twenty millions, and the year's produce of
cocoons is estimated at one hundred millions,
which will probably make 200,000 lbs. of reel silk.
A meeting of silk-growers was held in Sacramento,
to compare notes and interchange statements ou
matters relating to the manufacture. Several silk-
, growing ladies being present added to the interest, as
it practically demonstrated it was a business in which
women and children might become active and useful
co-operators. Among the settlers attracted into
California by the glowing accounts circulated of
its prospects in silk culture is Herr Schnell, who,
with n thorough knowledge of the industry in Eu-
rope, has resided for twelve years as an official in
Japan. He has brought with him several Japanese
skilled in the cultivation both of silk and tea, and
50,000 of the trees preferred in Japan, the alba or
white variety. The party have purchased 2,000
acres of land near Placerville, and they expect to
be joined by several Japanese families, who will
prosecute the industry. The united testimony of
all familiar with the business in Italy, France, Ja-
pan, and China goes to show that California is pe-
culiarly adapted for silk culture, having singular
facilities for growing the mulberry tree, and a cli-
mate exactly suited for the worm. Such advan-
tages cannot fail to attract Japanese immigration
as well as Chinese, and with that influx will grout
the production of silk, whereby a staple rivalling
cotton in importance will be added to the exports
of the United States. The extraordinary history*
of the cotton industry in America may be repeated,
and the Republic in that case will go far to monopo-
lise the cultivation, for it is evident that general
attention has been attracted to it, the people taking
lit up in earnest. From an interesting paper in the
Tribune it appears that the silk mania now arising
has not appeared for the first time. At a very early
date silk was produced in America, for Charles the
Second's coronation robe was of American silk, and
a hundred years ago an English Queen received a
silk dress, wholly produced and made there. To-
bacco proved much more profitable, and it was
not till long after the Revolution that the silk
mania culminated in ruining for a time the silk
culture in America. This con.menced in 1825,whe0
Windham County, Connecticut, attracted the na-
tional attention by producing a quantity of raW
silk. The mulberry tree was planted in every di-
rection ; Congressional Committees were appointed
to report on the subject, and different States offered
large premiums fur the production, within their
bounds. A " filature" to teach young persons how
to raise and prepare raw silk in Philadelphia w3°
proposed, though not carried out. Twelve wills
were erected, and the transactions were enorm,o.ng
iin young mulberry trees. The Rhode Island Silk
I Company established a large cocoonery, employing
$lOO,OOO in the business. A protective duty of 2°
per cent. was imposed on sewing silk, and the
Tribune considers it due to this, that it survived to
the present day. The morns multicaulus tree, which
sold as tulips did in the Dutch mania, failed, an"'
after lasting many years, a reaction set in, whic",
temporarily wrecked the cultivation of silk in the
United States, though leaving behind it many use-
ful lessons. The chief manufacture is of silk threaut
though pongees and foulards were woven in Con;
necticut, and ribbons in Baltimore 20 years ago, of
which for the last ten years the manufacture has been
on the increase. Parasol coverings are made at
Hart-
ford ; trimmings, scarves, braids, knotted fringe,
and bullion fringes, are most profitably manufa,.
turgid at Patterson, while American silk fabrics are
competing favourably with European goods.
At-
tention is now being turned to broad silks, as, in
ribbons, braids, and trimmings foreign competition
weighted by heavy imposts has been beaten. F 1.951
.1
two factories several thousand yards of gros grat1
silks are turned out weekly, which are retailed a'
Broadway at $5 a yard, being equal to the best
t,
imported. The import duty is 60 per cent., through
which it is calculated the manufacture in America
will leave a profit of 15 per cent. The finest factory',
as large as any in Europe, is at Patterson, NeW
Jersey, and employs 300 hands. The manufacturers
turning out most goods are the Cheney Brothers.:
who keep a thousand hands at work in their f3e,
tories at Hartford and South Manchester, prodnoeo
inn per annum 60,000 lbs. of thrown silks, 60,%,,,
lbs. of tt patent spun," 100,000 pieces of belti?o
bons, and 600,000 yards of wide goods, colnPrislue:'
dress silks, gros grains, poplins, foulards, and Pu_e
gees. Stearns of New York, Givenaud of the
State, and Dexter Lambert and Co. of New JerVie
besides others, are in that line of business.
velvet mill, started at Patterson a few years
_,%gri
failed, but there are 50 establishments in Newea
City, though some of them are very small. Fiitfero
factories are running at Patterson, the head-qu!r,...10,
of the trade, and others at Schnenectady,•
and Yonkers. At Connecticut and Hoboken,
tcrials, as in Europe, are given to employ 01),ueLlis
tives at home. The writer in the Tribune
this story : of
A few years ago American importers tried the F!tioo
assuming to share with manufacturers in the proa,uv Too
of American goods. Of course the style of goodsferia
made as they ordered it. They ordered it of ut it
•
quality, labelled it ostentatiously "American Silk, P,oir
in their warehouses beside foreign goods, and ruined
,1.001
dupes. From acts such as these, and confessedlY:rs,
tho indiscretion of some of our own manufacturer
stigma attends American silks. A manufacturer rec_;
made a lot of ribbons, and purchased a right to usa,reige
porter's label ; he labeled half the lets as of a 'wetioa-
make, and the other half as of American. In theaueveii.
room the goods under foreign labels brought over P
teen per cent. more than their other half.
rt tiae'
There is a National Association of Silk Man ,re-
turers, with Robert Haman', of Patterson; has
sid.ent ; and at a meeting on the 26th of June the
decided to hold an exhibition this autumn in
American institute of New York City.

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B. atIR vTlii
oSoisvicb, . f 001°'
ADYE—On the 26th inst.
the wife °-
nel John Adye, C. 8.,
-cR.A., of a daughter. ~,, is, OA
Bin
, E —On the 20th . inst ,at Astwick Manor, 101.--
wife of John Bruce, Esq., of a son.
MARRIAGES. ,g, Air
PIERS ' —SAUNDERS—On the 20th inst., at 5t..111113-,,0t0,e,
to ••.- !-
but th, Sir F ,ustace Fitzmaurice piers, Bart., ffa
youngest daughter of Charles Saunders, 113-Al" °
wood Park, near Liverpool. ViVeC
PIEP cr— -
, . JAI —Oa the 20th inst at St. Sirnon's,f uyclof
Chelsea, John, son ~
Pierce, "I' ° •°-
of Samuel . , o.b.tei
House
• ,Twickenham, to Helen, youngest dalio
the late Captain Jay, R.N.
DEATHS. fgt, Of
FOSTER—On the 19th inst., Thomas IN.. Foster,
. IA
61, Old Broad-street. city, aged 64. Wrig
RANGER—On the 20th 'inst., at Folkestone, Henry
Ranger, Esq., aged 69. nblid'
TUCKER—On the 19th inst ,at Halton-road, Csil°
Joseph Tucker, Esq., aged 59.

ANDO5"„ii,
London : Printed and Published by WILLIE
o " 50.%
V i
ionf No.
holl2, Strand, rinter, at THE SUN Ofilee S. Algileo
Precinct of t Phe Savoy, in the County of v
ThurficiPT, July 22, an,