The Sun.
London, England, 1869-06-15 00:00:00

CONTINENTAL UNITY.

Some honestly believe that nations require for
their proper control and government, other adjoin-
ing nations to adjust and balance them. If this
be true it would raise a fatal objection to the fa-
vourite American idea of a Government, embracing
the Northern continent of America. The question
is whether it be true, and if so, by what experi-
ence is that necessity shown. As history fails to fur-
nish a parallel case, nosuch experiment having been
tried, the opinion must arise from conjecture only,
based on the known peculiarities of our nature. It
there has.been no .such nationality in history as that
proposed by Americans, there can be no le sons iu
the past of which the Republic can avail itself. While
making full allowance for the vice of human nature,
which perverts the richest gifts a bountiful PROVI-
DENCE can bestow,if we reason from analogy and pro-
bability, the balance of the argument isa' togeth gin
.favour of the American notion. The presumption
must be, that the Government is free and culight-
eneJ, comparing favourably with any other else where
establiz,hed. None can deny that this is the case as
regards the Republic, the faults it developer not
being faults of the constitution, but emanating from
the corruption of our nature ; hence not on'y must

the Government be good, but the people must be
virtuous ; and this also we are compelled to assume.
It will be difficult to disprove that granting this
Government, granting such a people merged into one
race, with one language, and a good code of laws,
that it is desirable they should cover a continent, for
the blessings are palpable to the dullest comprehen-
sion, while the evils thus averted are still plainer.
Those who attempt to refute the conception ought to
be furnished with very powerful arguments, for they
reason against common sense. It is possible that
our judgment may be wrong and our sense may be
no sense at all, but it requires something more than
sophistry and plausible arguments to show this
against such plain matters of fact. We are not
familiar with the arguments urged against the
American conception of a Continental nation ; in-
deed, the only one we ever heard was briefly this,
that a nation required to be balanced by a nation
without, as a party by a party within. This is an
assumption, evidently based on the belief that the
nation unchecked would run riot, as does the un-
opposed majority. If it be so the Confederation
of the Colonies into the New Dominion is a happy
move, to which all Americans ought to wish success,
and even the United States would have to look in
the end to a split, regarding itself as the mother
and nurse of divers infant nations. In such a case

the Republic's destiny would not be unlike that of
Great Britain, who, having founded colonies, is
qualifying them for independence, and in ceasing
to boast of an empire on which the sun never sets,
may have a prouder boast in pointing to her grow-
ing, energetic, and prosperous children. There
cannot be a question that the mighty mission
of the great Republic is best carried out, whether
it leads eventually to separate nationalities or not,
by a single Government in the first instance. In-
deed, the peopling of the continent would have
been indefinitely delayed but for the fortunate rise
of that controlling power. Through its means the con-
tinent is thrown open and made accessible ; there
are no barriers here, no repelling laws and influ-
ences there ; " the earth is the LORD'S, and the
fulness thereof ;" and having bestowed it on the
people He has created, that Government acts as His
agents in carrying out the Divine command. The
poor of all nations are more especially invited
to come ; and they are offered a boundless
choice, not the slighest impediment being placed

in the direction their inclination takes. Instead,
every obstacle is carefully removed, and the emi-
grant may settle, if it pleases him, on the sunny
slopes of California, by the sky-tinted lakes of
Minnesota, on the banks of the "Father of Waters,"
on the open prairie or in the primeval forest, in a
populous city, in a manufacturing town, in a mining
region, or on a sugar or cotton plantation. A great
Government manages a vast estate in the interests
of mankind, and until that estate is disposed of it is
surely for the welfare of nations that that man•ige-
ment should continue. So strongly is this felt that
all laud on the continent gravitates towards the
States, and Americans are assured that the new
Dominion has but to be left to itself to drift under
the laws of self-interest into the U►►ion. In
the first instance, then, all will admit that it
is advisable a central power should exist capable

of building the Pacific Railroad, and of cover-
ing all its territory with railways, canals, and means
of communication ; but many may hold that when
its work iscompleted, after its territory hasbeen peo-
pled, nature under her o..vn laws will subdivide the
overgrown power into nations. The arguments used
are not without force, and may prove true, though
we are far from thinkingso. It is contended that Lou-
isiana
rears a man wholly differing in tastes, man-
ners, ideas, even in person, from the man raised io
Maine. The seafaring people of the Atlantic Coast
as well as of the Pacific Coast will have little in
common with the inhabitants of the far interior,
and these differences will derive weight from con-
flicting material interests. It may be so, but we
cannot see it ; for material interests do not clash
except where they are artificially created, and brought
into conflict by bad fiscal laws. It is evident
that the coal of Pennsylvania and the water-
power of Maine give these States special facili-
ties in manufacturing certain products which benefit
all. nor can the raising of grain on the prairies
clash with the fisherman's interests or those of
the sea-faring people of an Atlantic port. Nature
makes no such mistakes, and an examination of the
subject would invariably show that the c afflict-
ing interest was the handiwork of man ; there-
fore we cannot think that if the people do not
terribly blunder, any such split is to be antici-
pated in the future. There is, however, a per
contra argument, grounded on much the same idea,
farmore forcible than any used to show separation pro-
bable, if not inevitable. A Continental Government
is beneficid as a mere matter of economy to every
citizen which it protects ; and it is only when it
fails.to afford that protection, that he is likely to
fail in giving it his support. It is not merely
that a large and well-managed manufactory will
beat out of the field a crowd of smaller ones, by
which it is shown to be a gain on the point of eco-
nomy alone, for the broad question before us comes
out a gain from every aspect. If the CGritinen t has the
sea only for its borders it has no adjoining enemy,
and it requires no small effort of the imagination in
any degree to realize the enormous advantages com-
prized in this fact. Let us, by way of a small illus-
tration, consider this island of Great Britain as it
once existed, divided, say, into the kingdom of Scot-
land, that of England, and that of Wales. What
man in his senses would assert that such a subdivi-
sion, with conflicting laws, with fron tiers studded with
custom-houses and forts, would be preferable or more
calculated to add to the happiness of the people than
the union now existing. Magnify this to a very
great d-gree, extend it far beyond the limits of
Europe, and we reach to the conception of the
American mind. It appears to us that the idea has
but to be appreciated in Canada for the colonists to
drop into it, and level the frontier line now existing.
Our firm conviction is that nature erects no bar-
rier to a work so beneficial ; that comes from our
own devices, if at all, and the prospect of the Re-
public can, we sincerely believe, be defeated only
by a bad Government. With extended knowledge
has grown a conception of the benefits to be de-
rived from amalgamation and wide rule, only ren-
dered possible by the inventions of the day ;
the
telegraph, the locomotive, the steam-engine. Here
again we get into a new world. Men say theß epublicwhen it contains one hundred millions of inhabi-
tants will break to pieces of its own weight. Even
not) a
supp.)sing they had (which they have V
simi-
lart
would instance a
l mionsthi,lsetorrtybiesshsoNivui showing suchthe
fa e ab
f result,
circum-
stances wholly altered through these inventions. Anfrom New York to San
American can now proceed
a
of
shorter
Londonperiodt
o thanra reach
ita
Franciscowould imv
have taken
as ekveenn
ad days,
citizen,
tfi
eScotland
tabt
et the
sb
teog beginning
cof o
i-
tuht
town in tlaTebneorptrhaeo
is
century.
nent together closer than was formerly an island; and
if the island could hold together and thrive before
these inventions, why shou.d not the Continent after
them The danger of distant Provinces was the
grant Pf rapid intelligence. 139W0X must be given to a

Governor in the proportion that communication is
delayed or cut off, and if the difficulties are very
great the Governor practically becomes indepew
dent. This has been the main cause of disruption;
but we maintain that the people will, as a rule, the
more intelligent they are, the more surely folio*?
that which tends to their own welfare ; and
.38
single Continental rule must from every aspect h.,e,
conducive to that welfare, such a Government iv'
eventually in America be established and riutia‘
tained, provided that the people are wise and vir-
tuous, for then tI Administration must be N.--
Anglo-American Times.

LITERARY ITEMS.-3lonograms, Historical, (171,1
Berri, published at 36,
Practical, is the title of a charming work, just out, by
High Holborn, Loudon. Tberaro four chapters only of description, divided
jut o—';
Mono;rams in General ; 1 Masons' Starks ; 3. Mercbguts
Marks; and 4. on the Construction of Mono;rarns; th°
rest of this tasteful volume consistiug of batuti;ully
en-
graved plate, illustrates a curious variety of styl,o- 11'1°
frontispiece contains 13 delicately coloured sacred We--
grams; and ecclesiastical sources have been ransaokef
the illustrations of many o; her of the plates. The v''l°lB
is the best arranged and the most comprehensive we hive
seen on the subject. The Pall Mall Gazette has vrrittenals-
short Critique on HanaßrktmannsParty,and has had the
city to pronounce it ruebish ; a criticism we do not he
some to question.—On the 25th May the Corporators of
American Institute of Letters, Arts, and Sciences scic.
cepted the Charter recently passed by the New Y°:
Legislature, which provides by section 2, that " 11° I:::
poses of the said institute shall be to conduct invest''-',.:8
tions and researches in regard to matters affecting
public welfare, to disseminate correct views upon
tore, art, and science, and to promote intercourse tongon
those engaged therein." Among the names of cap:ln ]lap
are those of the Hon. John Lothrop Motley, Cu.,t..
Bryant, Professor Woolsey, &c.—General Howard is gibe
ing lectures to the students of Howard University ee
battles of the war. Ho commanded the 31 Maine Nee-
meat ment at Ball Run, and, as his first lecture was on that 5
gagement hewas enabled graphically to describe it.; his, nr,°l).
battle is to be that of FairOaks.—Messrs.Donn Platt ane''
Reynolds aro to start a new daily Republican nes°sll'd
in Dayton, Ohio, on June Ist. The Journal there (Clehcr6
Schenck's) is old established and strong paper et
In the teaching of English, the perplexity of maste;..s,. 1-
the present moment is to methodize the mass of
laneous information upon the subject they may Pan,s,l'
This information is partly to be found in Englisb 'to
mars, partly in books of literary criticism,
manuals of rhetoric, partly even in manuals of login' and,
manuals I
again, partly in the "Transactions of the PluttoloVs-
partli
Society," and the publications cf the Early English ISt
Society. We are glad to learn that Mr. E. A.
head master of the City of London School, and.Prefacra
Seeley, of University College, both of whom are 1( pro'
to have definite views on the teaching of English' ereePci
as
paring a text-book (an "English Primer"), annelln.
shortly to be published, which is intended to bc,',/% Cur
gether much of this miscetlaueous information. " to
derstand, however, that these gentlemen do net to
meddle with the antiquarian part of the subject, 1" f the
to confine themselves (in the main) to an exposition e
language as it is.—A thenieuna•
of tbi4
THE DICTIONARY CLUE.—The members tbe
literary club held their sixth dinner this seas° on
United Hotel, Charles-street, St. James's- sqn°"'
Ghee
Thursday. Among those present were Professor r goo.
Abboti,ssor
ham, Mr. John Murray Mr. Bryce, Mr. Crowd.F, MD. W.
F. Cooke, the Dean of Chester, Rev. S. 31ans°1'
Smith, Mr. Clowes, Acc.
t Sieft'
NAVAL ITEMS.—The United States ebo_ a The
taro, arrived at Philadelphia, May 25, from Cadloil
United States corvette Richmond, 15, Captain ' s
,tile
which arrived at Malta on the 23d of May fr°,l,
Piraeus of Athens, Milo, Smyrna, Alexandria, and Tripoli, aed
left on the afternoon of the 25th May, for Messl urged,
Naples, at which last-named port the store ship
from America and Palermo, which arrived on them will
awaits her with provisions, after receiving which
proceed to Marseilles or Nice, to rejoin the flag °der.iir
Admiral Radford in the Franklin, 010 Ccurim3rl nes9'
Chief of the Uuited States quadron in the editerrs, Joe.
who will probably visit Malta towards the middle °lt ~oa
We notice in the Naples and Florence Observer tAhnaieriesi!
C
Tuesday, the 25th of May, Mr. Mathews, the 4 8101.
Consul, gave a pic-nic entertainment at the am
rd, 0;
to the officers of the American vessel of War GutiTorres
which were present the Duke and Duchess dell'
to
with other Neapolitan, English, and American gad with
gratiti
gios
The officers expressed themselves highly
the kindness and hospitality of the Consul, who „tieset
them so pleasant an opportunity of enjoying the het''ades
that enchanting spot, rendered doubly so by tbe .s for
of the charming ladies, all of which will ever rentms-tetti
them a lasting souvenir wherever the winds and wave
waft them. The Guard left that afternoon for LA SPdeivirsi
where she will await further orders from the to Os
commanding. Some other vessels belonging 2-e or
squadron aro expected, but have not yet made
pearance. )
vr Ali
BUDGET OF MISCELLANEOUS 1TE315.--,,P 1.4 „ the
24, 161 more vessels had arrived in Quebec llytu .10-35
same time last year.—A co operative tailor's shl,3lltrd-
opened, May 21, at the corner of Fourteenth-street' ited to
avenue, New York. The capital stock will be novo.'
$lOO,OOO, divided into 10,000 shares, at $lO Per .
-11 Siroead"
It is stated that as soon as the Pacific --it; tee °
in proper working order the trips will cFix eloYS'
from San Francisco to New York in
So that a person starting from San the pet
on Monday morning will arrive in New York eri a boar
Saturday evening. To accomplish this 2;1-
must be made, without any allowance for stoP...nt
speed readily attainable on a first-class railroia:ced ia
calculated that if the streets of London were P u.--1110
Y or t 4
line they would reach from Liverpool to New boo
ferry thieves have achieved the feat of stealing the
Yorl, tu
from a passenger sleeping in the cabin.—Nees vocal r9',„„
are getting bold. On May 25 they made a Suet poSt":,
ell the police headquarters there, and stole 3 leo'c"4o3B
rue
three "
stamps and stationery.—Accustomed the/ aes
London are to rapid changes of teraperature,_oniotee,
miles ;awl
never enabled to enjoy the startling extreines
and Twirl;
vouchsafed. Last Monday was very warm' tipgtOn tB9
day was rather cold in London, but at vim
stood 34
thermometer on Wednesday, the 26th May've being
degrees, and on Friday at 55 degree,
degrees.—The fires that occurred on gondol 10b 11 i
eitt
oesslf
are reported to have been caused by the e ti
the sun. One was in Lambeth, the other to
es do, nigoia„
Several storos at Mobile were burned en 111,. T • VQ:°. 11 c
May 25, causing a loss of $40,000. Colone wss
ruff, President of the Mobile Board a Trade.,
, ; red 111;0
and twb other merchants were severely .1:91,1h, 's-
ing walls.—Paper out of tobacco stems is am°
the raD,a f,encleof
oodli
inventions in Connecticut.
. Pills aro It 4
[ADVERTISEMENT:]—Holloway-a rios
and bo• :act
the best remedy for all disorders of the stn de an
elf may'
the liver and kidneys. They act with so decidene,otioos_
yet so gently, that people of the most delicate c_c_. ILO, be-
take them with the most perfect conedenee.. Tir „„oer_fore,
tain a single grain of mercury or other deleterto 9
'IVY gee
ae
ing composed exclusively of rare balsams. edieei ler
equally s-afe and efficacigus, and, as a falnil9 re there_ oft
yet Invented or discovered can be compared wd", togetbevriao or
moment. With these inestimable pills " %clicst
the printed directions on each box, no other naof
siopese 1,10
assistance can be needed in any ordinary ea°oubt 001110
properties of Du Barry's health-restoring 111°,,de of .8,4 .--
LADYERTISEMENT:]-11eneeforth no one
Invalids' and Infants' Food, since to the thousa two fa_ ic,om
it has already received from Invalids
of
Ft'Aoss teyearlji
deemed hopeless, we may now add that of llolter thloefteo
the me-
unsuccessful medical treatment. We quote froT,s'ith whose health has been perfectly restored by ft 5 a
Midi," July 25th Rome, J uly 21,Tiff:L.1f
Father is excellent, especially since, abandonw.l,4B„ry Pe'd
Arabic°, Food, of which he consumes a Palo, his b. 1.„; of
dies. he has confined himself entirely to Pl' evealt!l,°,ve
It has produced a surprisinglybeneficial effec, gr,,,216,...,
his Holiness cannot praise this excellent 100._eXr8/0_%010:17,,
extract a few out ofmore than 63.000 cures: f,"lifee cywitfte.l6,
the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven YeeWerynus 700 as
wasting away, debility, nervousness, with it poi ,teartsi,
all over, bad digestion, constant sleep 771:
por4dyspe,
tolerab7e nervous agitation. Cure No 1•' „; yea dysPerio,
Decies, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many fool.„ pse3se.
No. 49,832: "Fifty years' indescribable eglfatulexici,:',27o:
nervousness, asthma, cough, constintio,l3,l,o No. 4
eased
sickness, and vomiting —Maria jolY „ L'ee'ars, dieloss.
James Roberts, of Fernley, Surrey, of 'o riial de° raore
tbes
spitting of blood, liver derangement, and Flsury audr., fol)
uo
portant Cantion—Beware of the many and fill, 0" 00;
sloppy imitations to which, without authority' „ 1,1100,
name is most audaciously attached. 5 lbs
In tins, at Is lid; Ilb 2s 9d; Ms 4s 6d ARAHICA for 0,0
24 lbs 40s.—Also Du BARRY'S BEVALENTA 6at ve,
cups
sot
t 30a, for er.
at 3s 6d, for 48 cups at 6s, for 288 clips ~,ns slia 555;
aad
—being about one penny per cup. te " , post-Ow
POWDER is packed in tin canisters:
ado
free of carriage in England on receipt
Regent-street, 1.0
BARRY Dr BARRY and Co., No. 77, ---
all Grocers and Chemists.

BIRTHS.

eet, tile
CowELL—On tho 12th inst., at 34, W,,f1,1,,Pc1e-st of
)3,
wife of Major Sir John C. Cowell, 416-•'
son.

th°
l'cri° I
LEGGE—On tho 13th inst., at Woodson'le,
Ifon. Mrs. Charles Legge, of a son.

st
MARRIAGES. rarile°'
to
CARPENTER ROBERTSON— On the 10th ins., 1 c,a.,.a
'
Surrey, Charles . Carpenter,
Murraysq., neg 3 is °D+ E'''''
W
Louisa Herring, daughter of J. M n°ber ft's
of Barnes. Meer ft, Ar-
ROBERTS —Tuour —On the 19th April, at 14°0008 r.•
Indies, William Arthur Roberta, Esq., 110'
hte 31 0f PP
finery, to Charlotte E. Rose second daugr
General Cohn Troup, C.B.

of
DEATHS.
CIIIDLEY—On the 14th inst , Tireraas James
Fenchureit- street, aged 24.. 1)0:
GARRETT - the 13th inst., at 40, Pall-ntall, " bolo,
tenant-General Sir Robert Garrett, K.C.13.1
ncd PO
of the 4:-(1 Derby,
LEWIS—On the 11th inst., at Edge-hill,
Lewis, aged 64.

London:
of No. 112,
00'
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jalibstyusQulVNglQOLualtlticlia./rc,01.0,,1,
in tce
UcicIPTI Ju 16,