The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-18 00:00:00

for the benefit of those who think Russia a good THE WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND
place for the safe and advantageous investment of PERSIA.
capital, and who are, therefore, desirous of selecting 111. •
it for the investment of their own. By persisting The Paris Pays of yesterday offers the following
in not confiding their capital to the Per€ica Com- remarks on the Anglo-Persian difficulty :
pany, or any other company having a similar ob• i "Persian affairs have decidedly taken a very
sect in view, they will probably not deter the Rus • -
• grave turn. After the capture of Herat by a Persian
sian Government from constructing its military
lines of railroad ; hut they will only constrain it army England had only one step to take, and sho
in that case to construct them itself, and at its has declared war against the court of TAeran.
- -
own cost, and for that purpose to borrow the ne-
cessary funds in the West. It may be confidently
foreseen that when the public debt of Russia has
thus at no very distant time ibeen increased by
275,000,000 of silver roubles, the price of the Rus-
sian funds will rapidly fall, so far as to secure to
those who buy in at least from 6 to 7 per cent. per
annum, without their running any of the risks
they would incur in embarking in the company
brought out by Pereira and Co., and that too for
the mere chance of realising at most 5 or 41 per
seat. They need by no means for that Russian
speculators will rush to occupy the ground which
they leave open to them, inasmuch as, according to
the jourpal of the Russian joint-stock companies,
the entire capital which is embarked in these under-
takings in Russia by natives does not exceed the
sum of 40 million of silver roubles. This last fact
does not seem to say much in favour of the copfi-
dence which the inhabitants themselves of this land
of promise place in the success of this sort of enter-
prise in their own country. In fine, and all things
considered, I think I am not saying anything dero-
gatory to the company represented by Pereira,
Baring, Hope, and Co., when I style it a pilot bal-
loon sent up by, the Russian Government for the
purpose of testing the degree of credulity inherent
in the capitalists of the West.

immediate result, as occurred some years ago under
analogous circumstances, or will Persia consider
herself strong enough to sustain the struggle ? In
this event can the English force undertake a cam-
paign in the southern provinces, and thus penetrate
to Teheran? This is a military problem of the
. . _

highest interest, but which still remains obscure.
None can doubt that Persia, if left to her own re-
sources, will be speedily compelled to treat with
England ; therefore the serious part of the question
lies in the attitude of the allies of Persia. The Rus-
sian journals recently acquainted us that Russia was
labouring to effect a reconciliation between the two
' belligerent powers, but the conditions which it ad-
vocated are unknown. In the event of these con-
ditions not being accepted, it remains to be seen
whether Russia will remain inactive. In a few hours
the Russian flotilla on the Caspian could transport a
Russian corps- d'armee to Astera bad, that is, between
Teheran and lierat. Such a demonstration would
render the succeis of the English expedition
extremely doubtful, but it would give rise to
serious complications, and perhaps lead to
an open rupture between Russia and Englad.
We hope that matters will not attain these
extremities. England doubtless proves herself
with reason extremely susceptible with re-
gard to everyt/Sing that relates to the security
of her Indian empire. But if the po-
sition of the Russians in the extreme East appears
to a certain degree offensive it must be admitted
that this menace is still very distant, and that the

THE ACCIDIINT TO THE ROYAL MAIL
STEAM-SHIP AMERICA.

(From the Liverpool Albion.)

The Royals Mail steamship America left this port
for Boston, United States, on the 6th inst., with
54 passengers, a large mail, and a full cargo of dry
goods. It was then blowing half a gale, from the
southwest, but she proceeded on her course, steer-

nature of the territory opposes nearly invincible
obstacles toany real or supposed projects. A century '
may pass over without a direct shock taking place
in the centre of Asia between England and Russia.
Has not England exaggerated that eventuality? We
conceive that she seeks to anticipate in good time
any possible invasion ; but it would be a subject of
regret were too great a caution to produce pre-
cisely that result which is feared for in the future.
It must not be dissimulated that the solution de-
pends above all on the Cabinet of, St. Petersburg.
Persia, in taking possession of the town of Herat,
has certainly failed in all her engagements with
England, and she cannot re-establish those rela-
tions without abandoning her conquest. This
policy depends entirely on the advice that the Shah
"may receive from Russia, and it is consequently to
the Emperor Alexander that we must look for the
immediate cessation of complications, the extent of
which cannot now be defined."
The Correspondence ilavas publishes a curious
plan of campaign in case of an intervention by
Russia in favour of Persia against England. It is
given in a letter from St. Petersburg of the 7th
Reports have reached the Minister of War from
several of the generals who command the different
detached corps in Asia. It is stated that General
Chrulef, who commands the most advanced posi-
tion, has submitted to the Minister a plan of cam
paign which could be successfully executed by the
troops under his orders. He was waiting, before
moving, for the arrival at Tiflis of Prince Barat-
zinski, who was still occupied in inspecting the new
Asiatic frontiers. The new Governer:General of
all the Caucasian possessions has extended his tour
of inspection on the eastern coistof the Caspian Sea,
where Russian generals had already commenced,
in the time of the Emperor Nicholas, to erect four
or five fortified stations, which will secure to Rus-
sia the possession of that coast. All the warsteamers
are now fully manned by the arrival of a large body
of seamen from the naval ports. This squadron
may at any time be used for the conveyance of pro-
visions and military stores to the troops stationed
at Khiva and to those who have taken possession
of different islands in the Caspian Sea, and who are
thus placed in the immediate neighbourhood of the
Persian port of Asterabad. According to the
opinion of staff officers who have served in that
•country, all the military arrangements there have
been made with so much order and regularity that
the Russian columns may at the first signal enter
Persia at three points at the same time. The first
corps, composed of two divisions of infantry, with
artillery and light cavalry, may without •difficulty
penetrate from Nachitscheran to Choi and to Tau-
ris ; the second corps, in moving from Bakou, may
proceed along the western coast of the Caspian Sea
as far as Asterabad, where, supported by the Rus-
sian squadron, it would readily cross the fertile
valley as far as Herat. The third corps may pene-
trate into the Khorassan and into Khiva. These
strategic combinations have been prepared from the
first moment it was known at St. Petersburg of the
projects of England on Persia." On the other hand,
4 letter from St. Petersburg of the same date, in
the Borsenhalle of Hamburg, says :—" The state-
ment made by several foreign journals of a conven-
tion having been concluded between Persia and
Russia, by which the latter is bound to assist the
former, is completely unfounded. Neither is it
true that there are Russian officers in the service
of Persia. The two officers, MM. Dukomel, stated
by the journals to be with the Persian army before
Herat, are now in this capital, one in the Senate,
And the other unemployed. The military move-
ments made by Russia are solely confined to
placing a. corps of observation on the Persian
frontier."

ing south, half-west, and all went well until 'Tues-
day morning, when, being then 50 miles west o:
Cape Clear, Captain lelng was compelled by the
violence of the storm—the wind having risen to a
gale and lashed the sea into a fury—to alter his
course, and to put the head of the ship to the sea.
This was shortly before 10 o'clock, at which period
the third officer, Mr. Cumming, wasstanding on the
main saloon deck, about 20 feet from the stern, giving
directions to the four men at the wheel. He says
At 10 minutesto 10, or thereabouts, a heavy searose
about 30 feet high, and I could see the clear sky
through the water. It knocked the ship's head off
about two points, but she speedily recovered her-
self, rode over the wave, and made a bit of a wea-
ther roll to windward. In the Atlantic there are
generally three seas which follow each other in
rapid succession. The second sea rose about two
yards from the starboard side, it ran up to its full
height—more than half the height of the funnel,
and the broken water fell with, immense force on
board, deluging the ship from end to end. I put
my hands behind me, and held on by a rope which
had been placed there a short time' previously, but
I had the greatest difficulty in preventing the sea
washing me overboard, and, as it is, my arms were
much strained in keeping my hold for several
seconds, during which I was completely submerged.
The water cleared off, the ship partly recovered
herself, and I had an opportunity of looking round
to see the extent of the damage. The ship had
settled down by the bead, and was quite motionless;
a great part of the bulwarks foreward, 7 or 8 stan-
chions, the fore part of the foreyard of the trysail
mast, the starboard side, and the top of the fore-
saloon had been carried away, the deck-houses, pad-
dlebox, and part of the floats were broken ; four
iron boat-davits were broken, and two boats had
been washed away ; and the brass and iron stan-
chions on the main saloon were broken or bent, and
part lost. She remained with her head buried in the
water until the third sea came and brought her up.
She then shook herself, and appeared to be all right.
, At this time I saw the captain on the main deck,
I which was filled with water ; he was washed from
the starboard side to the port side by a lurch of
the vessel. As soon as he could recover himself he
waded, up to his middle in water, to the saloon
deck, and ordered the helm to be put up, for the
purpose of trying to get the ship before the wind,
that apparently being the only means of saving the
vessel and the lives of the passengers. She would
not pay off until, by direction of the captain, a
foretrysail was hauled up and the engines were
put at full speed. She then went off about two
points, just at the time that a very heavy squall
came along. There was a great body of water still
on the deck, while the cabins were four or five feet
deep, and the engine-room was so flooded that the
fires ran the greatest risk of being extinguished.

To get rid of the water on deck holes were cut, in
order that it might flow freely to the bilge. The
ship remained in the trough of the sea for about
half au hour, the wind and waves acting so heavily
upon her quarter as to prevent her from going
mind. Eventually the gale moderated a little,
the ship went off before the sea, and we ' made
direct for Liverpool. At noon the gale abated,
and we had very beautiful weather iu the even-
ing, the wind being still south-west. We arrived
at Liverpool on Thursday morning. The scenes
on hoard when the ship was struck
were of the most distressing nature. The
ladies in their berths heard the splashing of the
water as it slushedaboutthedeck and rushed down
the companions, and the hurrying to and fro of the
men, obeying the orders of the captain, and were
only prevented by the presence of mind of Mrs.
Neilson, the chief stewardess, from rushing franti-
caly on deck. The stewardess behaved most heroi-
callly, soothing the ladies and attending to their
wants, though she was herself frequently thrown
down by the pitching of the vessel. Two of thorn
contrived to make their way on deck in their night
dresses, wet to the skin, and their dishevelled hair
soaked by the sea, flowing wildly with the gale.
Their fears were augmented to unutterable bewilder-
ment by the male passengers rushing frantically
about, with clasped hands, calling upon the Almighty
for deliverance. The boatswain's mate had a remark-

HOW TO MAKE NIAGARA FALLS USEFUL,—We lately
heard an idea sugested of ouch a bold and extraordinary
nature that it struck us with awe froiikits very magni-
tude. Of course the originator issp.rankel, for no one
but a Yankee could eliminatimigclia gigantic idea. The
proposition is simply this# Ito construct an immense
water wheel at Niagara Falls. Not a small, temporary
afflir, but one large and'strong enough to use the entire
power of the falls. From this, with proper graditf, he
would lay down a permanent shaft through the state of
New York, terminating at Albany. Those in want of
power could then " belt" on ad libitum, ad infinitum.
What a splendid row of cities—manufacturing cities—
would grow up along the whole line of the shaft. Steam
engines would then be nowhere, and as for those paltry
water powers called "privileges," they would be like
children dismissed from school by an indulgent master,
henceforth to play at leisure, running through their
course" without a restraining dam.—Montreal Tram-

able escape. He was lying asleep in his berth, in a
small deck-house forward of the starboard paddle-
box, when the sea came, breaking his room about
his hiad. He awoke to find himself floundering in
the water, with which he was covered. Seeing through
the water the clear sky above him, he imagined that
he had been washed out of his house on to the spon-
son, and finding a hole just large enough to admit his
body, he prepared to make his way through
and partly succeeded, working his way on to the-
sponson, instead of from it, when the third sea
came and washed him back again on to the deck.
Mr. Grace, the first officer, also had a narrow escape.
He was clearing the forerigging, which had been
carried away, leaving nothing on the weather side
to support the mast, when a light sea swept over
the vessel, and nearly washed him and several sea-
men overboard. After all danger was over, and
when the ship was before the wind, several of the
passengers in their excitement got into one of the
starboard boats, and when told that there was then
nothing to fear they exclaimed, " What shall we
(3o—what shall we do ? The Lord save us ; the
,Lord save us l" Many of the passengers being sea-
faring, men were as cool as the officers and men of
the vessel, all of whom from the captain down to
the cook were as collected as though on ordinary
duty. The discipline, indeed, was perfect, the crew
rivalling the fortitude and heroism of the soldiers
who kept an unbroken file while the unfortunate
Birkenhead went down. During the height of the
danger the cook continued to peel the potatoes he
was preparing for dinner, while the under stewards
ceased only their various duties to bale out the
water as it flowed into the saloon. All the officers
expressed much chagrin that the America should
be the first of the Cunard vessels to put back,
though all, in common with the passengers, were
thankful that the captain's seamanship and cool-
ness in the hour of danger had saved their lives.
We should not forget to state that the America,
in returning, spake the Baltic, outward-bound for
New York • and within 24 hours after her arrival
at Liverpool the steamship Canada was provisioned,
' coaled, stored, and manned, and the mails, pas-
sengers, and passengers' luggage transferred from
the former to the atter, which sailed on Friday
morning.

Immediately on the arrival of the America at
this port, those of the crew who had been injured
were sent to the Northern Hospital. They were
as follows :—William Allen, contused leg ; Frede-
rick Lewis; leg much bruised ; Matthew Leary,
compound fracture of the nose ; and John Wilson,
compound fracture of both legs.

DEFECTIVE STAMPING OF LETTERS BY THE POST-
OFFICE. - Lord Campbell yesterday, in the Court of
Queen's Bench, said he thought it right to state pub•
licly that he had received a very satisfactory answer
from his Grace thi! Duke of Argyll, the Postmaster
General, with respect to the important subject or► which
he had addressed him—viz., the imperfect and slovenly
Manner in which letters were stamped in the English
post-offices, from which great inconvenience arose to
individuals, and the due administration of justice met
with serious obstruction. His Grace admitted that the
present system was defective, and pointed out the great
difficulty of amending it in consequence of the great
number of letters which had to be stamped ►n a Very
short time. His Grace, however, promised to use his
best exi-rtvin4 to remedy the evil ; and he (Lord Camp-
b,l) had no doubt, from the noble Duke's energy and
intelligence, that a complete remedy would be applied,
and that there would be no reason in future to make
any complaints on this subject.

script.
[ADVERTISEMENT.)—We quote a few more of the extraordi-
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health-restoring Revalenta Arabica Food of Indigestion
(Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation, Nervous, Bilious, and
Liver Complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility:
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tion, indigestion, and debility, from which I had, suffered
great misery, and which no medicine could remove or relieve,
have been effectually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very
short time.—W. R. Reeves, Pool Anthony, Tiverton." Cure
No. 4,208.—" Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility,
with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had
consulted the advice of many, have been effectually cured by
Du Barry's health-restoring Food.—l shall be happy to
answer any inquiries.—Rev. John W. Flaxen, Ridlingtoß
Rectory, Norfolk." No. 3,836,—" Three years' excessive
nervousness, with pains in my neck and left arm, and
general debility, which rendered my life very miserable.
has been radically reproved by Du Barry's health-restoring
Food.—Alex. Stuart,. Archdeacon of Ross, Skibereen."
Dr. Professors
.Harvey
;
Supported Chemistry byp rt. e
Andrews t i m o ni a lus
rfrom j)tr h. eSh
Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr: Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ;
o r l celebratedan d
Lord Stuart de Decies; the Dowager Countess of Castle-
stuart ; Major-Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable
persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other
means of cure had failed. Suitably packed for all climates,
with full instructions. In canisters, lib., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d.;
slbs., Us, ; 121b5., 225. ; super-refined, Ilb., 6s. ; 211i5., 11e. ;
51bs., 225.; 101bs.' 335. The 101bs. and 121bs. carriage free,
on receipt of post-otfice order. Barry du Barry and Co., 77,,
Regent-street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., Purveyors
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and 150. Oxford-street.

ADVERTISEMENT. I SIGHT AND HEARING SPECTACLES,
POWIRPIM TELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVE
GrseAsss.—Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albe-
marle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Rote!.
By ker Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and
extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and
brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per-
spective Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes
possess such extraordinary powers that some three and a-half
inches, with an extra eye-piece, Val show distinctly Jupiter's
moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. With the sam e
telescope can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a
half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of
larger and ail sizes, with increasing powers accordingly.—The
Royal Exhibition, 1851. Valuable, newly-invented, very small,
powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which
a person can be seen and known 1 miles distant ; they answer
every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses,
country scenery, and ships aro clearly seen at Bto 10 miles.
They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to
sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera,
race-course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderful
power. Newly.constrazted Spectacle Lenses of the great-
est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived
from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired is
preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons aro
enabled to employ their sizht at the most minute ince.
pation- can see with these lenses of a much less magnify.
ing power—and they do not require the frequent change-
to the dangerous effects of farther powerful assistance.
Persons can be suited at the most remote part of the world,
by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a
letter, and stating the distance from the eyes they can read
small newspaper print with it; and those who have
not made use of spectacles by stating their age. Deaf.
ness. New Discovery. The Organic Vibrator, an ex-
traordinary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for
deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass any.
thing of the kind that has been, or probably ever ;an be,
produced. Being of the name colour as the akin, is not per.
oeptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church
and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing
noises in the ears is entirely removed ; and it affords all the
assistance that possibly could be desired.-39, Alb4marle.
street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel.