The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, ::LONDON, WEDNESDAIWEVENING, JULY 18, 1860.

have been massacred, and many women carried off
to the harem ; whilc so great has been the reckless-

ness or audacity of the murderers, that they actu-

ally burnt down the :European consulates with the
exception of the Eng lish one. The noble ABDEL-
KADER reappears, as the protector of the Consuls—
to his house those of France, Russia, and Greece,
fled for refuge. All the other towns of Syria are
of course in jeopardy and fear. Aleppo is
threatened, and the towns on the coast will pro-
bably owe their safety to the arrival of European
ships of war.

It is much to be feared that the Turkish authori-
ties in those parts, if not in collusion with the mur-
derers, are very undecided, and probably not un-
willing
to allow the slaughter of as many Chris-
tians as they can, without committing themselves
too far. Whether anything official will be done by
FU AD PASHA remains to be seen. He and the Go-
vernment at Constantinople must know that the
European Powers will not now be trifled with ;
indeed, the SULTAN ought to be told, as
politely as diplomacy can do it, that the general
murder of Christians by Mahomedans, which seems
to be the frenzy of the hour, must be stopped either

y him, or by Christian powers taking possession
of his dominions. More than four hundred years
have the Turks been tolerated in Europe,
and much more than double that time have
they been suffered to drive Christianity
from its earliest seats, or to oppress it in every way ;
but this can be endured no longer. If Christians
really cannot enjoy the common rights of citizens
among Mussulmans, then the voice of Europe
pronounces that the Mussulmans must give way,
and even retire, if need be, not to Asia merely, but
to the deserts and steppes from which their an-
cestors emerged. They cannot be allowed longer
to extinguish in blood the only remains of Asiatic
Christianity and civilisation.
Asiatics well know what Europeans are in com-
parison with themselves. A letter from Tyre
shows us what the smallest conceivable force may
effect. That ancient town was threatened by a
band of Muses and Mutvalis marching upon it ;
when an English yacht, the Claymore, belonging to
Mr. HARVEY, entered the port. The Chiefs
of the Christian communities begged him to
take measures for saving the town, and
Mr. HARVEY resolved measures to do what he
could with his little ship and crew. He
laid his vessel in such a position that her four small
guns bore upon the principal street, armed his crew
with muskets, swords, and pistols ; then landed,
examined the approaches to the town, and placed
his men accordingly, having first caused the
women and children, and more valuable pro-
perty, to be placed in safety. The plunderers
within the town soon apprised their confederates
without, of the aid which had arrived, and the latter
believing that an English ship of war was in the
port, and that English troops had been landed, loft
the town unmolested.
It is impossible not to speculate on what the issue
of all this agitation in the East will be. The
Mahomedans were the soul of the Indian mutiny ;
the tempters almost certainly. While the
massacre at Jeddah, the cruelties in Candia,
and now these outbreaks in Syria, must
surely have some common origin. The SULTAN
venerated as the head of their faith, is not feared
even by his own almost nominal subjects in Asia ;
he is nearly powerless to keep them from such out-
rages as these, quite in harmony as they are with
his own faith, although at variance with his own
interests. It is impossible to deny that events seem
to be forcing on the Christian powers, in the inte-
rests of humanity, the assumption of supreme
power in the East. " The sick man" becomes every
year feebler, and probably nothing but the almost
nsuperable difficulty of agreement as to division of
he spoils can long avert a final settlement.

The disfigurements of Kensington Gardens are
fast multiplying. Recently it was that absurd
filtration scheme of Mr. HAWKSLEY that broke up
the ground at the north-western extremity of the
Serpentine, in one of the most beautiful and seques-
tered portions of this the most beautiful and pic-
turesque of all the London Parks—broke it up so
ruthlessly and disgracefully, to be littered with
rubbish of the most unsightly kind, from skeleton
pumps and heaps of gravel to stucco vases and
statuary worthy only of some Cockney Elysium,
like the " Heagle" beloved of yore by Miss JEMIMA
EVANS and her "young man," Mr. SAMUEL WIL-
KINS, the journeyman carpenter. Before the
£7,000 voted in a moment ,of hallucination by
the House of Commons—for the payment of the ex-
penses of this engineering folly—were quite expended,
remorse, happily, seized upon the consciences of the
holders of the public purse, and the project was
abandoned. The false steps taken by the House of
Commons were retraced—but there at that ill-

fated spot in Kensington Gardens, there between
Bayswater and the Serpentine, there, alas, still re-
main those lamentable stucco decorations, together
with a great deal of rubbish, still not carted
away ! And now—as if some disastrous fa-
tality hung over these Gardens—the very
man who was chiefly instrumental (to his
honour be it said) in ridding us of Mr. HAWKSLEY'S
dirty and ridiculous scheme of filtration—the very
Minister of Public Works, of Woods and Forests,
of Parks and Palaces (or whatever may be his
official title)—the same identical Chief Commis-
sioner who had thus auspiciously inaugurated his
sdministrative career by securing to the West-end
the preservation of Kensington Gardens in all their
pristine beauty and seclusion Mr. WILLIAM
COWPER, of all men forsooth, has just followed up
this good work by one of the most arbitrary
and unjustifiable, and flagrantly intolerable
proceedings (in those same Kensington-gardens)
upon which First Commissioner ever yet adven-
tured. Thanks to Mr. JAMES, however, this per-
verse and ill considered act on the part of Mr.
COWPER is to be brought formally under the consi-
deration of the House of Commons on Friday
evening. The Minister is then to be asked by the
hon. and learned member for Marylebone
for an explanation as to this—we can call
it nothing less—audacious innovation : the cut-
ting up of the green turf of Kensington-
gardens (by a broad sweep around and across
those gardens) for the special advantage of the
fashionable ladies and gentlemen who have
hitherto disported themselves in Rotten -row—
during the choicest hours for the jianeur in
all the gay season—as equestrians. Because
the member for Marylebone has determined upon
asking Mr. COWPER on Friday evening for
some explanation as to all this—the former has
been the object of all kinds of coarse sarcasms

and petty, spiteful imputations. Flunkeyism has
flunkeyism might
likeb een talked
to n of—thougho
w whethercertainly we shor.ld
not rather be looked for in the one who, with a
profound scorn for the convenience and comfort of
all the rest of the community, shows a disposition
to pander solely to the luxurious whims and
fancies of the " cream of the cream, "
fine ladies and fine gentlemen. If the Com-
mons should unhappily decline to interfere
and the Minister refuse to pull down the iron hur-
dles he has had erected without consulting public
opinion in any way first of all—perhaps when one
or two little children have been trampled to death
under the heels of the hack of NOB or SNOB, per-
haps then, if not before then, COWPER'S Folly
may, like HAWKSLEY'S Folly, in the fulness of
time, be abandoned.

LATEST E‘Vb.

The following telegrams have been receiTed at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, JULY 17.

A telegram from Naples, dated yesterday, an-
nounces the fall of the Ministry. De Martino alone

remains in offi'ee.
Disturbances have taken place.
The Royal Guard fired upon the people. One
or two were killed. Several were wounded.

NAPLES, JULY 14.

Patrols are constantly traversing the streets.
The moderate party is full of apprehensions con-
cerning the future course of events. An inspector
of the former police was stabbed the day before yes-
terday in the Strada di Toledo. Proclamations of
Garibaldi and Settembrini against the Bourbon
dynasty have been distributed here. The first one
says, " I am Royalist, but prefer Victor Emmanuel,
who will lead us against the Austrians."
JULY 17 (via TURIN).

A conflict has taken place between the troops
and the people, in consequence of a popular mani-
festation in favour of the refugees who had disem-
barked at Naples. Several persons were killed.
The Ministry has been dismissed. The Com-
mander de Martino alone. will remain in the new
Cabinet.

TURIN, JULY 17.

Signor Amari has arrived from Sicily.

Signori Manna and Winspeare, the Neapolitan
Plenipotentiaries, were received to-day by Count
Cavour.

The news from Naples of the formation of a new
Cabinet, of which the Commander de Martino is a
member, has been confirmed.

BOMBAY MAIL.
The Bombay, with the above mail, left Aden for
Suez on the 4th inst. at 8 a.m. (correct time).

CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS
(Due in London 27th inst.)
The Simla, with the above mails, left Aden for
Suez on the 9th inst., at 6 p.m. (three days early).
The Pera, from Southampton on the 4th, reached
Malta on the 12th inst. at 11 p.m.

MASSACRE OF CHRISTIANS AT DAMASCUS.
BEYROUT, JULY 11 (via MARSEILLES.)
The Christians of Damascus no longer quit their
houses. The French Consul displays the greatest
energy, being supported by Ab-el-Kader, with
1,200 Algerians.
M. Portalis, a French cotton-twist manufacturer,
on the Lebanon, has saved the Christian inhabitants
of the neighbouring villages, having granted a re-
fuge to 1,800 persons, and driven back the enemy.
The Pasha affects to negotiate for peace, but the
Maronite tribes are claiming indemnities.

M. La Farina's expulsion came direct from the
Dictator. The Ministry had no knowledge of the
measure. M. La Farina was allowed only half an
hour to prepare for his departure. He sent to Ad-
miral Persano, who commands the Sardinian fleet,
requesting a boat to take him on board, and em-
barked immediately, being accompanied on board
the Admiral's vessel by the chief of the Palermo
police and the officer commanding the detachment
sent to arrest him. It would seem that only three
Ministers have resigned, and the Official ,Toternal
of Sicily does not even mention the resignation
of M. Daita, Minister of the Interior, who is
replaced by M. Interdonato. The two other new

misters are M. Ern ante and M. Amari. The former
is a poet of no great note. He took a leading part
in the Sicilian Revolution of 1848, and was named
Minister of Justice. He belongs to the Unitarian
party. M. Amari is the most eminent man in the
Ministry. His " History of the Sicilian Vespers"
is well known throughout Europe, and has met
with a success in Italy fully justified by its excel-
lent style and strict impartiality. He is also
known in Italy by other literary works, and among
them is the translation, with notes, of an Arab
- author of the 13th century, which is held in great
esteem by Orientalists. He also took a prominent
part in the Sicilian Revolution of 1848.
The Piedmontese journals have become less hos-
tile to Naples, and appear to regard the possibility
of an alliance with more composure ; although they
still object that the alliance cannot be concluded
until the constitution is in actual operation, and the
convocation of the Neapolitan Parliament has made
known the real sentiments of the nation.

A Naples letter in the Siecle says :—" During
the late reactionary movement, the soldiers in the
Pizzofalcone barracks raised cries in favour of
Prince Louis, the Queen's eldest eon. That circum-
stance led to a sharp altercation between M. Liborio
Romano, the head of the police, and Count de
Cutrofiano, military commandant of Naples, who
resigned in consequence, to the great satisfaction of
everybody. General Viglia has been selected to
replace him."
The Iride of Naples announces that a petition

to the Ministers, praying for certain modifications
in the application of the provisional law on the
press, was lying for signature at its offices. "We
feel the utmost satisfaction," says that journal, " in
being able to inform the whole country that from
the 24th June to this day, the different Ministries
have not had a single application for a place. The
revolution we so much desired has therefore not
been made by place-hunters. It was very different
in 1848. The country has made great progress
since then."

SICILY.

Gen. Medici has issued the following proclama•

tion :

" Sicilians ! The cause of liberty and indepen-
dence, the common cause of all, unites you. You,
the first and the only ones, have commenced the
struggle against the oppressor; you have fought
valiantly, you have been victorious. Your arms
are blessed. We, volunteers from the battles that
have illustrated the fields of Lombardy—we hasten
to join you at the call of duty. We have already
fought together; we will fight again, and we shall
again be victorious, because we are united. Brave
young men of . . . . , make yourselves vo-
lunteers for the defence of the common country
and of liberty, like us. Garibaldi, our supreme
chief, has called me among you ; his name alone is
our programthe, and he is the guarantee of all.
Some of my officers, in concert with your municipal
authorities, are charged to enrol you. We shall all
remain soldiers to the end of the war. Join, then,
in numbers ; come, and swell the ranks of my army.
I shall be proud to command you. We shall render
entirely free the ancient and glorious land of your
birth. Animated by one single principle, we will
consecrate the pact of solidarity at the foot of
Mount Etna, we will renew it at the foot of the Lion
of St. Marc, to break the foreign fetters that enchain
it, and we shall behold the glorious tricolor flag float
upon the Capitol.

" MEDICI."

LITERATURE.

Castle Richmond. By Anthony Troliope, author
of the " Bertrams," &c., &c. 3 vols. Chapman

and Hall.
This author has been some years before the
public, but recently he has particglarly distinguished
himself. There is something standard and solid
in his writings which conveys the unmistakable
impression that, whether or no the reader approves
the subject-matter before him, he is dwelling on
something out of the common. This story of
" Castle Richmond" deserves encomiums for its

vigorous style, bold sketches, free spirit, and fine
language. The plot of the story is not new, but in
some measure a novelty, is introduced at the con-
clusion. Of the persons introduced into these pages
some stand out in bold relief, made bright with e
glorious feelings that animate them ; others hover
in the distance dim and dark with their night-shade
purposes. Owen Fitzgerald is a fine dashing speci-
men of a hero, he is most calculated to attract at
first sight, but on further acquaintance he does not
impress so favourably. There remain the daring
spirit and the high sense of honour, but there lurks
in the background too much self-reliance and too
much assumption in his bearing. He spoils the
effect of his really excellent qualities by being too
conscious of the value himself. He had no right
to insist on Clara Desmond being engaged to him
on the strength of his having made a transient im-
pression upon her inexperienced and uncultivated
mind in youth. True, she might have waited long
and wandered far before she encountered a braver
defender or a more devoted lover; but that was not
the question, and Owen would have shown more
real appreciation of that love he so vaunted had
he recognised the sacred force of engagements.
Entered upon in sunshine, they should not be
lightly cancelled in storm. No man possessed of
proper self-respect would, have yielded to the sug-
gestion made by Owen to Herbert to take the
estates not his own by law, and to give up the
bride he considered his own by solemn contract,
and whom no fatal discovery of first mar-
riages could take from him. In the time
of trials the latent qualities come forth grandly to
proclaim what goad there is in the nature, and
Herbert, who might to some have appeared a tame
spiritless youth beside his princely rival a
Malcolm Graatne to serve as a foil to a Roderick
Dhu—has certainly the advantage. He was not
a particularly strong character ; he had been reared
in luxury and unnerved by prosperity. His path
seemed smooth for his feet ; his sky above seemed
fair and serene, when suddenly the danger loomed
in the distance. He was exposed to as hard a
trial as could test the spirit, and try the heart of
any man, and doubly hard to a youth, and above
all one so circumstanced. He could have hardly
met with a more crushing blow than the news im-
parted to him by Mr. Prendergast. Sir Thomas,
his father, had married his mother, while her
former husband lived, and gone was the bright
future, and vanished every hope of happiness.
Such agony comes seldom in a lifetime, but when
it falls in the morning of one's days it is over-
whelming. In this emergency Herbert came out
in a very creditable manner, and Clara certainly
reflected honour on her sex for constancy and.
courage. Owen, on the contrary, behaved in a
very unbecoming manner. The fact of his refus-
ing to take possession of the estates on the death of
the unhappy Sir Thomas was not in itself sufficient
to indicate his character. There was something
noble inherent in his nature which when left to
itself could never triumph in the agony of another,
and his relation's bitter affliction made their dwell-
ing-house as sacred from his entrance as master,
as if all the certificates in the kingdom had been
unimpeachable witnesses to the authenticity of the
marriage, and the death of the first husband at the
right time been affirmed and ratified by a hundred
witnesses. But real merit consists in being true
in all things, and it is no sacrifice to relinquish
what we prize not. Broad lands and lofty titles
0 wen did not want ; but he wanted what
Herbert prized more—the Lady Clara for
his wife. It was mean to attempt to com-
promise faith and feeling with empty names
and sordid dross. Herbert acted to the
spirit of the immortal truth expressed in these
lines—

" Honour and shamo from no condition rise ;
Act well your part—there all the honour lies."
It could not affect his merit, whether Abraham
Mollett reposed beneath the churchyard turf, or
whether, for the affliction of many, he survived to
cumber the earth ; but it did affect his fame if
he made unworthy compromises, and showed all he
cared to keep and feared to lose were the treasures
that must one day meet the moth and the rm t-
Lady Clara is at first not very enthusiastic about
her engagement ; but when trouble comes, she
rouses herself to look it in the face, and in the