The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-20 00:00:00

ROYAL THEATRICALS.

The fourth dramatic performance this season took place
last night at Windsor Castle. The following was the pro-
gramme :
A comedy, in two acts, by Mr. Tom Taylor (adapted from
M. Octave Feuillet), entitled,
THE HOUSE OR THE HOME?
The Right Hon. Horace Chetwynd,
M.P.
General Witherington C.B Mr. C. Selby
Frederick Wardour (clerk to the

Foreign office) Mr. Billington
Lady Helen Chetwynd Miss H. Simms
The Hon. Mrs. Wardeur (mother
to Frederick)
Hopwood (Lady Helen's maid) Miss Laidlaw
After which a petite drama, in one act, by Mr. Benjamin
Webster, entitled,
ONE TOUCH OF NATURE.

Mr. William Penn Holder Mr. Benjamin Webster
Mr. Beaumont Fletcher (a barrister
and dramatic author) Mr. Billington
Mr. Belgrave
Jones (porter, &c., to the Adelphi-
chambers) Mr. C. J. Smith
Miss Constance Belmour Miss H. Simms
[Under the management of -Mr. George Ellis, and under
the direction of Mr. W. B. Donne, her Majesty's Exa-
miner of Plays.]
[The 'Theatre arranged and the scenery painted by Mr.
Thomas Grieve.]
Shortly after eight o'clock the Queen and Prince Con-
sort, with the Prince of Wales, Princess Alice, the Duke
of Cambridge, Prince Arthur, Princess Helena, Princess
Louisa, and Prince Leopold, attended by the Ladies and
Gentlemen in Waiting, and accompanied by the dinner
company, entered the Theatre in St. George's Hall, when
the performance immediately commenced.

THE LATE QUICK PASSAGE OF TEE

PRINCE ALBERT.-

The following authentic abstract from the log of the At-
lantic Royal Mail Steam Navigation Company's screw
steam-ship Prince Albert, which has been forwarded for
publication, may not be uninteresting to our readers. It
will be seen that from New York to St. John's, Newfound-
land, the Prince Albert averaged 11 knots an hour, and
from St. John's to Galway (i.e., across the Atlantic), during
the whole passage, 12 knots an hour. This is a great thing
for any steam-ship to have done. It is the first return
voyage of the Prince Albert since she was lengthened,
altered, and strengthened by Messrs Laird, of Birkenhead,
for the company :
Abstract Log of steam-ship Prince Albert's sixth voyage,
Nicholas Prowse, Commander, from New York and St.
John's, Newfoundland, to Galway :

Date—January.

Course. Dis. Winds.
-
deg.
N. 54 K 214 Westerly.
N. 74 E. 270 S.W.
N. 61 E. 294 S.W.
N. 56 E. 252 S.W.
N. 64 E. 260 Westerly.
N. 57 E. 274 W.S W.
N. 87 E. 306 W.N.W.
N. 83 E. 282 W.
N. 88 E. 802 S.S.W.
N. 89 E. 280 N.W.

Thursday, sth*
Friday, 6th
Saturday, 7th
Sunday, tith
M nday,
Tuesday,
Wednesday, 11th.
Thursday, 12th
Friday, 13th
Saturday, 14th
Sunday, 15th .. • •
Monday, 16thl. • • •

40.52
42.09
41. 0
40.51

49.30
51.58
E 2.30
53.01
53.12

6.4.59
63.10
57.20
52.21

40.t.0
40.50
3?.30
25.01
16.40

* Left the wharf at New York at 2.30 p.m.
t At 10 a.m. sounded on the banks of Newfoundland,
then steered Nll deg, IV 40 miles for Cape Spear. Passed
an iceberg, bearing from Cape Spear about N by E half E,
distant 30 miles. Made Cape Spear 4.45 pm.
t. Left St. John's at 3 p.m. ; discharged pilot outside the
harbour 3.15 p.m.
Anchored at Galway 11.30 a.m.
NICHOLAS rnowsz, Commander.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, lAN. 20.

The following diplomatic changes have been
decided upon, and will be published in the Moniteur
immediately after the arrival of Thouvenel :
M. Adolph Barrot, at present Ambassador at
Madrid, to succeed M. Thouvenel at Constantinople.

The Duke de Grammont, Ambassador at Rome,
to replace M. Barra.
The Prince de la Tour d'Auvergne to be raised
to the rank of Ambassador at the Papal Court.
M. de Billing, Chef du Cabinet (private) under
Count Walewski, to be Chief of the Financial De-
partment at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, re-
placing M. Armand Lefebvre, who is to return to
his former office at the Council of State.

VIENNA, JAN. 20.

The following is official:—
All reports published by the Sardinian papers
concerning the desertion of Hungarian soldiers
from the garrisons in Venetia are unfounded.
The results of an inquiry, ordered by the Com-
mander-in-Chief of Verona, show that not one
Hungarian soldier has deserted his colours since
the conclusion of the peace at Villafranca. Several
secret agents, however, have been arrested for en-
deavouring to tamper with the Hungarian regi-
ments.

PARIS, THURSDAY EVENING.

The Patrie of this evening, in mentioning the
reports on the Ministerial crisis in Sardinia, says :
" The appointments of Count Cavour and Gen.
Farini as Ministers are positive, but nothing cer-
tain is as yet known as regards the other Ministers.
"Letters from Florence state that, in consequence
of a conspiracy in favour of the Grand Duke hav-
ing been discovered, several arrests have taken
place."

SARDINIA.

TURIN, JAN. 19.

The slight indisposition of the King continues,
and in consequence the reception of Baron de
Talleyrand; who was to present his lettrea de
creance to-day, did not take place.
The following will probably be the list of the
new Ministry
Foreign: Affairs
War General Fanti.
Public Instruction Signor Mamiani.
Finance .... Signor Jacini.
Justice Signor Cassini.
Public Works . Signor Elena.

For the Ministry of the Interior M. Dexambrois,
Signor Farini, and Signor Cassilla are spoken of,
but nothing has as yet been decided.

ANTIBES, JAN. 19.

The Governor of Nice has prohibited the journal
L'Avetair from discussing the annexation of Savoy
to France, and reproducing articles of foreign
papers treating on that question.

MARSEILLES, lAN. 19.

M. de Thouvenel has arrived here, and will leave
this evening for Paris. M. de Lesseps has also
arrived.

Letters from Constantinople to the 12th inst.
report that Kibrisli Pasha was about to return to
office, Sir Henry Bulwer having expressed to the
Sultan the displeasure of the English Government
at his dismissal:

M. de Thouvenel had, before leaving for Paris,
insisted upon receiving a more precise declaration
concerning the Suez Canal project.

Adviees from Athens of the 12th state that a
change of Ministry was shortly expected.

The Paris correspondent of the Morning Chronicle
(Seoond Edition) says
We do not yet know all the details of the
Treaty, but we feel persuaded that both France and
England will find it greatly to their advantage,
because, from what has come to our knowledge, the
general bases will be as follows :--
" On the side of France, suppression of prohibi-
tions, and diminution of the duties on coal and

iron.
" On the part of England, reduction of the duty
on wines, spirits, articles de Paris, and silks."

FRANCE.
PARIS, THURSDAY.
(From the Correspondent of the Times.)

The Treaty of Commerce with England will be
signed before the present week is out. Lord Cowley
has returned to Paris with full powers to do so, and
there only remains some minor details to complete
that most important act. The Emperor is, as you
are aware, bound by engagement till July, 1861, in
favour of the French manufacturers ; but it is said
that the treaty will take effect in England forth-
with, though not in France for 18 months to come.
This satisfaction will, perhaps, not be grudged,
considering the difficulties that had to be met here.
The Prohibitionists are, as might be expected,
most discontented at the fall of their monopoly.
We hear of threats of blowing out furnaces, shut-
ting up manufactories, leafing thousands of work-
men on the streets to starve, or to be fed by the
Government, &c. 150 angry Protectionists, from
various departments, assembled in the courtyard
of the Minister of Commerce and Public Works
yesterday, and asked an audience. M. Rouher
professed his wish to hear what they had to say,
150 men haranguing all at the same time was not to
be thought of, and it was difficult to give an
hour to each. They agreed to name a deputation
of five, who conferred with the Minister on the
projected reforms, that is against them. What
passed I know not, but we may guess the sort of
arguments they put forward; andl doubt that they
convinced the Minister that France would inevi-
tably be ruined if the impost levied on the French
people for the benefit of a few were done away
with.

• _ _
The " inquiry" commenced the day before yester-
day, when M. Minerel and other noted Prohibi-
tionists pitted themselves against M. Dollfus and
others on the opposite side. A manufacturer, well
known for his wealth and his liberal opinions on
these matters, declared, in the presence of many
persons, that he was actually ashamed of the enor-
mous profits which he and his confreres had made
for years past.
The Debate, which at first excited some surprise
by the terms in which it spoke of the Emperor's
letter in favour of a greater freedom of commerce,
now publishes a strong article from the pen of M.
Michel Chevalier, the well-known political econo-
mist, praising in the most unqualified manner the
proposed modifications. The Imperial plans, he
observes, are above all distinguished by the great
characteristic that they have nothing in common
with those hasty projects which are called into
existence by political necessities, but are, on the
contrary, the fruit of long and patient examination,
arriving
ei
ery s
whicho a
peace.
a theconclusion,
Emperorl n j just
additions
hast i in t
otni
amt
the
e e t
dto
vinauguraforte
u gal
policy
his views—readiness of communication and pub-
lic credit—M. Chevalier suggests, as a third, pro-
fessional education, so as to prepare a greater num-
ber for the industrial arts. The article then pro-
ceeds to say—

"What is not less significant in the Imperial letter is
the qualification it contains of the system of ultra-regula-
tion. Our great:enterprises,' it says, ' are embarrassed by
a host of restrictive regulations.' These words deserve to
be received with the utmost gratitude, In France regula-

tions paralyse almost everything. Tha meet fecund ideas
of the Government itself are smothered or impeded by regu-
lations. As one example of this truth among recent events
let us take draining. The admirable effects of draining hav-
ing been well established, the Emperor solemnly announced
one day that 100,000,000 f. would be lent to agriculture to
promote drainage. But regulations intervened, and the
idea of the Chief of the State became a dead letter. In
proof of this, ask what is the amount of the advances made
on account of the 100,000,000 f."

The writer also directs attention to the fact, that
although the importation of machines for agricultural
purposes and of tools has been strongly favoured by
the Emperor, the severity of the Customs' regula-
tions has completely neutralized the boon. The
duty, which ought to be about 15 per cent. in the
usual course of things, is raised by the exigencies of
the Customs' formalities to not less, in many cases,
than 100 per cent: To struggle against such a
system would be nothing but a waste of time, and
some sweeping change, like that proposed by the
Emperor, could alone remedy the evil. On the
approaching abolition of the prohibitive system the
writer remarks in these terms :
" A part of the Imperial letter which seems destined to
produce a great sensation, and which has already drawn
forth general eulogium, is that which announces the fall so
impatiently expected of the prohibitive system, which, in
France, obtained proportions of which the annals of the
whole world do not offer another example. It will not bo
ono of the least strange episodes in the history of our times
in the eyes of posterity, that this system, inaugurated
during a furious war, and with a formal assurance that it
should not survive peace, has been able to prolong its exist-
ence for nearly half a century after peace hal shed on
nations its fertilising rays. It subsists entire in 1860, in
spite of our desire to abolish it, caused by the example of
the nations surrounding us. A coalition of private interests,
which displayed prodigious activity in its hostility to the
public welfare, succeeded in imposing on all Governments
the maintenance of this retrograde institution, with its
escort of such violent measures, unworthy of a civilised age,
as confiscation, domiciliary visits, and search of the per-
son."

As to the period at which prohibition will cease
in France, M. Chevalier observes that, as the Im-
perial promise has been giTen, that it should not be
brought to a close before the month of July, 1861,
no doubt can exist that until then it will be main-
tained in all its plenitude.
TILE BOURSE, Jan. 19.—Market dull, but prices
steady. Threes have been done at 68f. 75c., to 68f.
85c. ; Mobilier 767 f. 50c. to 770 f. ; Austrian, 535 f. ;
Lombard, 535 f. ; Lyons, 918 f. 75c. to 920 f. ;
Orleans, 1,385 f. to 1,387 f. 50c. ; Western, 582 f.
50c. 535 f. ; Southern, 507 f. 50c. to 510 f. The fol-
lowing were the last quotations:-
41 per Cents. .... 97 50 Credit Fonder 730
Do. end month .. 97 35 Belgian 4} 99
1 per Cents 6B 80 Piedmontese (5) .. 84 75
Do. end month 6B 80 Roman Bl 75
Bank Shares
Credit Mobilier 770 Spanish Threes -
Do. Account ..... 770 home Debt 43 25

LITERATURE.

Undercurrents Overlooked. By the Author of

" Flemish Interiors," &c. 2 vols. Bentley.
This work treats of a momentous subject, and one
whose importance is becoming daily more generally
recognised. The situation of the lowest classes in
large cities is a theme which always awakens the
sympathy of the philanthropist and the attention
of the social philosopher. A book, therefore, which
sets before us truly the state of our labouring
population, their sufferings and sins, their struggles
and ,s/uccesses, the evils with which they have to
combat, and the advantages which some of them
possess over others, would be a work of value. We
are:bound to say, however, that these volumes by no
means fulfil this purpose. They consist entirely
of a comparison of the worst phases of English
poverty and crime with the best aspects of the
Parisian lower classes, interspersed with remarks
on the wonderful efficacy and self-denial of Catholic
charity and the coldness and apathy of Protestant
England. We do not question the perfect sincerity
of the writer, or his earnest commiseration for the
suffering he describes, but he has no right to under-
take a work of this kind with a feeling of prejudice
in his mind. In the first place it is very difficult to
make a fair comparison between England and any
continental nation from official papers. Our evils
and faults of administration, great as they may
be, are never sheltered by national mystifica-
tion or hypocrisy. Public papers, reports to
Parliament, letters, speeches, police courts, and
other channels, bring to the light all the failings
that can be discovered in the working of our system.
We are so ready to grumble at our own faults, that
continental nations, who studiously keep theirs in
the background, cannot understand us, and
think we are undoubtedly much worse than they are.
In the second place, our worst-managed workhouses,
asylums, &e., would look very well on paper, which
is all we see of many of the Catholic and Parisian
institutions in these volumes. The practical work-
ing of the one is dwelt upon, the cases which have
occasionally been brought before magistrates of
cruelty, aid similar charges are given at
great length, while the plan of the other only is
stated. :The rules are cited and their admirable na-
ture enlarged upon. Again, setting aside prejudice,
the author has not perhaps had a fair opportunity
of judging of Protestant charities. How is it that we
hear nothing of the large numbers relieved by our
hospitals ? Of the Free Hospital needing no recom-
mendation but sickness and poverty, relieving two
or three thousands weekly? How is it that the
numbers of Ragged Schools are not mentioned, and
the strenuous efforts now being made,by Churchmen
and Dissenters alike, to reach the lowest and most
depraved classes are not even alluded to ? No doubt
the working of our Poor-laws and Poor-rates are
inefficient and defective ; no doubt hundreds in this
wealthy city are struggling for bare subsistence ;
no doubt there is among us, as among other na-
tions, a large number absorbed in their own gains
and profits, and indifferent to the wants of the
poor ; but the picture before us is drawn in extrava-
gant colours by an unfair and partial hand. Eng-
lishmen who peruse it will be inclined to question,
if the lack of Catholic institutions is the eause of
all this vice and misery, how it is that the sister
island does not afford a happier contrast, and how
it is that the domains over which the heads of the
Church have ruled with unlimited power for ages
are just now the most disturbed and discontented
provinces in Europe It is simply absurd to take
two great nations with an immense population
with all the intelligence and the vices attending a,
highly civilised state, and to tell us gravely that
one is altogether virtuous and well governed, the
vicious reclaimed, the sick tended, the poor well
cared for ; and that the other, the most energetic
and charitable nation in Europe, is lost in slothful-
ness and apathy, while infidelity is raging, crime
increasing, and hundreds starving in its midst.
We do not wish to assert that our workhouses are
not open to improvement, but when we are told
that they are about on a par with foreign prisons,
we may console ourselves by reflecting that, at
least, no one can be confined in them for five years
"par prevention" at the pleasure of his judges
without trial, as is the ease in French prisons.
They have certainly good cause to make them com-
fortable, since the inmates are quite as likely to
be innocent as guilty. But this is the strain of the
whole work, with which it is useless to contend. We
can only approve the discretion of the author in
reserving the right of translation, since this picture
of " Perfide Albion" will be more acceptable on the
other side of the Channel than here. It will accord
very well with the popular notion of Englishmen
selling their wives in Smithfield, and similar inte-
resting facts. But the English public like fair play
for themselves as well as for others; and
though they have no objection to a little
honest fault-finding, two volumes entirely
occupied with their disparagement political,
social, moral, and religious and the corre-
sponding elevation of their neighbours, will be a
little too much for the national equanimity, espe-
cially when they arrive at the mortifying fact that
ten Protestants go mad in proportion to one Catholic.
It is like the virtuous indignation of American slave.
holders on the miseries of the English poor. We
can only lament the blindness and ingratitude that
renders these unhappy people so insensible to their
own advantages. Miserable and vicious as we are
told our population are, we have not to commemo-
rate a " Harper's Ferry," our Government is not the
plague and perplexity of Europe, neither have we
had three changes of dynasty in twenty-two years.

Echoes from the Backwoods. By Sir Richard
G. A. Levinge, Bart. Routledge.
The backwoods of North Amerisa, and descrip-
tions of its inhabitants, both human and animal,
are the subjects of this little work. The natural
history is simple and concise, and the anecdotes
exemplify the character and customs of the various
back States. The following example of the
satisfaction or damages which a Kentucky hus-
band is contented with for an outraged wife, speaks
for the style of the book,
" Some good stories wo heard illustrative of high life in
Kentucky. A man who had feasted his eyes upon a fair
lady's graceful form, and followed her through the mazy
dance, at last ejaculated, with great emphasis, By Jams
that gal's worth spoons, so I guess I'll dance with her.'
On the conclusion of the set, the gentleman's self-intro-
duction ran as follows : Miss, will you dance with me ?'
On the young lady's declining, he exclaimed, Well, you're
i not so handsome but what you might ; and f you have got
a friend or a brother in the room, I'll whip him, by
And at another ball, which had gone on with great spirit
up to a certain Limo of the night, and fair partners and mint
juleps had had their effect upon the disciples of Davy
Crockett—

' The pipers loud and louder blew,
The dancers quick and quicker flew'—
the host suddenly rushed in amongst the dancers, exclaim-
ing, ' Gentlemen, the ball is broke, Captain Harris
has
kissed my wife.' Of course, a regular commotiondraughtstook
place ; and soft speeches wore foregone for hurried
of cocktail, slings, 8,:c.2 as a general search tookplac.efor
muffs, boas, and tippets, and all thought of taking them-
selves off, when the injured husband suddenly made hisf h
tere-
appearance, and, taking up a position in the midst of
•
room, called
a gentleman; he has given
Captain Harris has behaved like
.—ho.
out, ' Gentlemen, the ball may go on again. ,
has given me five
me ample satisfaction, by -- I
dollars I'
" We were told of gilse e et
hnt
ulsvtri
ni t
gh i
his n g
thumbs on t h the
ground, as if in coin u ,
l asiomnsan t hbe being
furiously into the sand—on being asked ' what he was about,
he replied, ' ho was practising gouging.
" All carry knives, generally, Arkansas toothpicks.
The blades, being longer than the handles, allow only
three-parts to be shut ; over the point, a scabbard is car-
ried,when in expectation of a row, they take off,
their teeth with the point, preparatory
and
to opening the full length of the blade, which is only re
begin picking
sorted to should the row become a general one.
" The following is a specimen of their mode of proceed-
ing upon entering a steamer, particularly should it be
crowded, and the chance of getting a berth doubtful. They
take out their knife and place it on one, exclaiming, ' ll I
that is my berth ; as much as to say, they aro ready to
tight for it ; but should any one happen to have a pistol,
and allow the possessor of the knife to see the superid
weapon, he will immediately give in, pocket the knife, and
withdraw his claim, as be considers the other better armed,
and,. in consequence, the better man. The old saying of
" might is right,' is fully exemplified on the
Mississippi,
and this is the excuse for Lynch law."

The Mind of Shakspeare, as exhibitein Ictisha ttp,orart
By the Rev. Aaron A. Morgan, M.A.N
and Hall.
This work commends itself to the philosophical
student and critical investigator of our great
dramatist, " who would inoculate himself with the
mind of Shakspeare as distinct from the discursive
flights of his genius." It is evidently the result of
a long and careful study of Shakspeare's ethics and
philosophy, and of a full appreciation of his un-
rivalled powers of expression. It is, as the preface
terms it, " a Philological Concordance and compre-
hensive register of his maxims and wise sayings."
The subjects, which exceed five hundred in number,
are arranged in alphabetical order, and classified so
that any particular passage may be readily dis-
covered. A brief explanatory analysis is affixed to
each quotation, which must necessarily have in-
volved a great amount of labour. The proverbs
and songs introduced in Shakspeare's works are
annexed, and the admirer of these beautiful as-
ments can quickly turn to them.

.Notes on Noses. New Edition. Bentley.
This amusing little work was published several
years sinco, and has now re-appeared in a smaller
and cheaper form. There is a great deal of truth
in it, though the author pushes his theories to an
extreme, as theorists are apt to do, and seems
almost to think that the length and shape of the
nose is the cause instead of the effect of certain
peculiarities of temper or disposition. Nevertheless
there is some foundation for his method of reading
character, and if tho rofacr does not choose to agree

with all his dogmas and inferences, he can hardly
fail to be entertained by a perusal of the work.

The Revival in its Physical, Psychical, and Reli-
gious Aspects. By W. A. Wilkinson. Chapman
and Hall.

This little work takes a careful review of the
chief features of the late remarkable " Revival" in
Ireland. Those who are attracted by the study of
this singular and •omplicated question will pro-
bably be intolested in the perusal of the volume, but
it is to be regretted that the author has dwelt NO
much on the physical manifestations of excitement,
which, whatever may be the good resulting from the
" Revival," can only be matters of deep regret to
all who desire the sincere and sober conversion of
the people.

The Historical Reason Why. Houlston and Wright.
The Biblical Reason Why. Houlston and Wright.
These arc two most useful and admirable little
works, invaluable as books of reference, answering
the questions that so often arise in daily life in
reference to historical points. They contain a vast
amount of condensed information, and their style
being clear and simple, aid their price extremely
moderate, they put useful information within the
reach of a very wide circle of readers.