The Sun.
London, England, 1869-06-30 00:00:00

COLOURED RACES IN AMERICA.

Whatever may be the ability, judgment, expe-
rience, and reading brought to bear on the subjects
constantly arising at Washington, there is no doubt
that they are the most important now handled by
any statesmen. From the fuss made in Great Bri-
tain over the disestablishment of the Irish Church,
it might be supposed that the wellbeing of mankind
was involved in maintaining the ascendancy in
Ireland of the Church of England. While many of
those who have been arguing or listening to the end-
less reasons advanced on either side would have
heard with the indifference of ignorance how Ame-
rican statesmen settled some questions, or of the in-
extricable difficulties in which others had become en-
tangled, yet these measures are of a really world-wide
interest—of importance, beyond comparison,greater
than he disestablishment of the Irish Church. Pro-
minent among the American problems is that of
races; not the temperament differences only, with
the hostility generated by oppression which distin-
guish the Anglo-Saxon from the Celt, but those of
colour, of organism, of idioerasy, hatitr, and tastes ;
in a word insuperable, between men born and bred on
the same soil, who can have but little in common
and cannot amalgamate. Of these races the United
States have three to deal with. First in import-
ance is the Negro ; next stands the Red Indian ;
and lastly, at present, but shortly to come far be-
fore the others in importance, are the Chinese.
An indifferent spectator surveying the scene might
exclaim, " Here is a pretty kettle of fish !" and
doubtless many an American statesman has looked
with no small perplexity to the solution. Circum-
stances enter into the ordinary difficulties which
make them beyond measure greater than they would
be elsewhere, more especially two—first, the pride
of race which marks the Anglo-Saxon, or if not
thet pride, at least that prejudice of colour, by WEL-
LINGTON truly pronounced to be the most marked
of aristocratic distinctions. Though there is no
race more thrown into contact with children of the
tropics than the Anglo-Saxon, yet no other nou-
rishes so inveterate a dislike againstsuch contact. The
most coloured of the coloured is the negro, and there-
fore the negro is to him the most repugnant. Here
then we have the extreme contrasts brought together.
But in connection they might still be divided by a
broad tine were it not for the institutions of the
country, for that line is opposed to the principles
on which the American Commonwealth grounds its
government, and this is the second circumstance to
which we have alluded. It is a strange fact that
where the aversion is the great( st that the institu-
tions of the ruling race should be those which im-
pelled that race over the line, and thrust the negro
into social contact with the man whose property he
lately was. No such difficulty ever before arose as that
now puzzling the statesmen of America. To any other
race the negro would not be so offensive, and no other
race would allow principle and theory thus to over-
rule the social and domestic arrangement by which
each race is compelled to fall into and is kept in its
place. Therefore the difficulty would not be likely
to occur anywhere else, but if it did occur it would
be in a very modified form. On the 7th June the
City authorities of the political capital of the Union
were elected, and a negro obtained the post of
register, a negro barber at Willard's Hotel became
an Alderman of the First Ward, and seven other
coloured men were turned into councillors. The
City Council had decreed that in all hotels, places
of amusement, public conveyances, and churches
the negroes should be placed on a social equality with
the whites. 'This was to come into effect on the day
of the election, and a disturbance was anticipated
at the theatre that evening, as one of the two pro-
prietors having determined that negroes should not
be admitted to the boxes and stalls, although his
partner did not object, had openly stationed men at
the door to see this order enforced. Fortunately, for
the sake of peace and order, no negro availed him-
self of his new-born rights, but that he will refrain in
the future is to the last degree improbable, and
the election itself in which two men were killed
and several wounded, successful though it was in
the African interest, show that he can very
hisosun-
scrupulously physical force whenever he has
it
The riots at Washington were
swe au:11 unwarrantable,upuy back.
arising from "cussedness"
alone, as the only cause was the desire expressed by
the mob to hang one of their coloured fellow-citi-
zens because he voted the Democratic ticket. We
will then soon see how the social equality enactment
works at Washington, with the fact before us that
the Executive of the nation beir.g located in that
city the PRESIDENT himself cannot escape the direct
decision of acting on it, either inviting the negro
civic dignitaries to his receptions and balls, or ignor-
ing it, and setting an example which the nation
will not be slow to follow. Washington is the focus
of fashionable society in the Union, which is a good
deal of a bureaucracy; the high official personages
and legislators having much social weight in the
community. What is done at Washington receives
wide publicity, and the most prominent Americans
who sooner or later find their way there, are able
through the press to attract great attention to all
they do or say. We may then await with interest
intelligence of the social career of WILLARD'S bar-
ber, as well as the others, knowing that the reception
he meets with from the Executive will have its effect
for good or evil throughout the country. It is easier
to enact laws making all equal, than practically to
establish such an equality socially ; but this, after
the XVth Amendment has become a part of the
Constitution, is what remains for the SUMNER party
to achieve. Perhaps it will be found that, like the mix-
ture of oxygen and hydrogen, the races, when thus
pressed, may come together with an explosion, and
produce something wholly different from that de-
signed. We believe the attempt to be a blunder of
enforcing on a reluctant people this social equality,
for the best intentions are often defeated by our
. haste to see them realized. We imagine something
good, and fret after settling that the good is to be, to
find that it is not, and will not come. A certain pro-
cess has to be gone through, the progress of which we
may not detect, and destroy our -work in the ill-ad-
vised endeavour to hurry it. If the Anglo-Saxon race
has a prejudice against colour, that prejudice is almost
wholly grounded on the comparative weakness of
coloured races. Wherever the reverse. is the case
Take, a marvellous change has been seen. for in-
stance, the New Zealanders among savage tribes
the Seikhs among Asiatic people. ,he hard tights,
and we may add reverses, of the British and Colo-
nial forces before the pelts of the Maoris established
a respect everywhere felt among Englishmen for the
New Zealander. The drawn battles and wide fields
covered with dead, the debris strewn over despc-

rately contested battle grounds, raised the Seikh out
of the rank of ordinary Asiatics, and established his
prestige to last for decades. So with the Red In-
dians, for wherever they fought the Americans on
terms of equality, rifle for rifle, man for man,
knife for knife, very little was heard of social re-
pugnance. On the contrary, they became the
heroes of American romance, and the greatest of
American novelists made the Aborigines the sub-
ject of most of his tales. Social equality is more
than anything grounded on respect, and the re-
spect of the Anglo-Saxon can only be commanded by
strength, physical— whereby we mean courage—or
intellect. Had the negroes themselves achievel
their freedom by force of arms that respect would
have been at once accorded, but as another band
than their's struck the blow, no laws can be made to
impart it. It must then be by the growth of &Inca-
. tion, training and habit, and it wholly rests with the
African himself, for lie will command if he can
establish an educational superiority, and effectu-
ally organize for his own protection, learning to
u e the privileges accorded him by law. Then he
will have acquired strength, an I with that strength
the respect of the Anglo-Saxon. We last week
discussed the Red Indians, a race which has become
more a philanthropic than a political problem.
They enter into no social question in the United
States, and, although they take an important
place in the consideration of the outlying settlements
of Kansas, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico,
the Union as a whole hear of the Cheyenne and the
Sioux outrages as Englishmen hear of massacres in
New Zealand. But vastly different is the question
of the Chinese, for that is, indeed, a problem. Some
assert that the Chinese never emigrate, that they
reside, but do not settle ; that they go to California
to work for years, and return to China with their
earnings ; yet this is a mistake. Those who know
the East are aware that the Chinese colonize ; that
Singapore is a Chinese town, that Penang is also;
and even Calcutta largely so. To the islands of
the China seas the Chinese go as settlers, and aro
there born and buried. Australia and California
are not only new places to them, but far away and
too costly in the first instance for the transport of
a family. Hence the Chinese have not as yet set-
tled in California, and it is imagined on the Pacific
slope that the habit of the people is opposedto such
settlement; arguing, that they need not fear an in-
road of these yellow-faced Mongols to claim poli-
tical privileges, to elect mandarins on the American
Pacific Coast, and to send men vs ith tails to Congress.
Chinese nature will be found ou investigation not
materially to differ from that of other children of
ADAM. California is the finest field for emigration
in the world ; the political privileges they will enjoy
on the Pacific slope when they realize them, will Le
something unique to a Chinamen, and may prove
attracti►e. At any rate gold will allure, and the
fact is undoubted that the most inviting waste and
the densest population are faca to face. The pro-
bable consequence will be that the crowded popula-
tion will flow into the hungry waste, and what is
probable is what is happening, for 2,000 arrived at
San Francisco during last week. That they will
come is not only certain, bat is the actual fact, nor
they only, but Japanese as well ; and thequestion then
is, how will Anglo-Saxon iestitutions work in the
hands of such as the Chinese 3 Mr. SU3INER has gone
to California to see ; and a New York paper tells him
that he will find the Chinese problem of much more
interest there, than the Alabama question ; but
whether SUMMER appreciates it or not, it is infinitely
more important, not merely to California, but to
the Union. The system of preventing men from
exercising a privilege the law accords may work
just now, but will fail when the White man on the
Pacific slope is in the presence of a far more nu-
merous Yellow-faced race; and from whatever aspect
this question is regarded, it stands out prominently
as one of the highest moment, a performance not
lessened by the telegram of yesterday, that "a
Convention of the citizens of Tennessee, Missis-
sippi, Alabama, and Arkansas, has been called to
adopt measures to secure the introduction of Chi-
nese labour."—A nglo -A merican Times.

" Electricity is Life."—A nest of medical quacks
adopting the foregoing motto of Mr. Pulvermacher, of 200,
Regent-street, have recently been unearthed by proceed-
ings taken in the Court of Vice-Chancellor Malins, by
that eminent originator of patented appliances of medico-
galvanic science. The profession of electrical science if not
"life" to these quasi doctors was their ostensible means of
living, and even if Mr. Pulvermacher has taken their life
by taking the "means whereby they live," he has in his
exposure of their nefarious impositions conferred a benefit
upon the public, in addition to securing his own property
in inventions which are the result of thirty-five years of
scientific experiment and study which have proved a boon
to suffering humanity. Dr. Hammond, alias Dr. Watson,
Henry James, Esq., Harvey Burrows, Esq., W. Hill,
C. T. Raphey, M.R.C.S, '&c.. endeavouring to pass as
medical practitioners, and advertised colourable imita-
tions of Mr. Fulvermacher's galvanic inventions. But
the general opinion of Vice-Chancellor Melbas may
be gathered from his giving utterance to the following
expressions on the case :—" It was an outrageous thing
that the public should be so deluded." "It was a pity that
the public should be victimised by these abominably false
statements ;" " the tactics pursued by the defendant was
one of systematic imposture, and he much regretted
there was not somebody on the part of the public to
put a stop to these things;" and that whilst he had
heard the defendant's affidavit, "the tactics pursued by
the defendant was one of systematic imposture, and he
much regretted there was not somebody on the part of the
public to stop it; anything more disgraceful he never
saw." Considering the vital use to society of Mr. Pul-
vermacher's "medico-galvanic system," as exhibited in
his beautiful apparatus and appliances, it is clear that his
efforts for the punishment of quacks who are robbing
him of the proceeds of valuable discoveries, while de-
ceiving many unsuspecting patients, are deserving of
tLe public support and praise. Sir Charles Locock, Sir
Ronald Martin, Sir R. Holland, Sir William Ferguson,
Dr. Steveking, and others of the elite of the medical
profession, came forward on the occasion to maintain
his well-earned repute, although stating at the same
time that it was not their habit ever to give
certificates ; and it was upon such overpowering
evidence in the interest of medical science that Vice-Chan-
cellor Malins decided that Mr. Glass, Q.C., should sustain
the suit, and that the case should stand over for further
hearing.

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Mtooxs—On the 27th inst., at Ashstead, Surrey, the wife
of Henry Brooks, Esq , of a son.
HANDCOCK —On the 26th inst., at I, Merrion square, S.,
Dublin, the wife of the Hon. Robert Han deock, of a
acn.

MARRIAGES.
PE TESSIER —WESTBY- On the 29th lest., at St. Maryle-
bone Church, Lieut.-Colonel the Baron De Tessier, to
Iforatia Caro'ine, youngest dtp.rghter of the late Nicho-
las Westby, Esq., and the Lion.Mrs.Westby, of 9, York-
gate, Regent's-park, and co. Clare, lreland.
WALFORD -SNOW—On the 26th inst., at Newington, F.
Wm. \Valford, of 63, Bedford-gardens, Campden-hill,
Kensington, to Elizabeth Jentima, second daughter of
Mr. R. U. Snow, of Manor-road, Lorrimore- square.

PB. HALL, of Printing Hotme-square, E.C.,
. next the "Times," London.—Wholesale Agent and
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celebrated PALE and other ALES: Keatinge end Co.'s famous
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of others wanted in town and country.

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