The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-25 00:00:00

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2 , ' : /.... ..- Temperature. -ent of °'l Eclipse. ::1-Ir",.='
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. ,
STAMPED, 5D
'-'l-)iTIUN TO

ntent
Eclipse,

Eclips'e

Lc2ip~,

PRICE 41). STAMPED, 5D

Df a blackened ball on grass
Uf a blackened ball in vacuo
In sunshine at 2ft

Deg.
041
114'9
701
05.5

Deg.
;8.5
itivv
1041
102

THE ASTRONOMEII6' EXPEDIIIUN TO
SPAIN.

111
In sunshine at 21t. wet bulb
Difference between dry and
wet bulb at 2ft.
In shade at 41t..
In shade at 4f't., wet bulb
n +shade:at 3ft..
In shade at 2ft.
In shade at lft

till 2h 10ai
Lnch, and rose

The barometer rose from lh 40:
0.002 inch, then fell till 3h 5m 0.017
till end of eclipse 0.009 inch. •
Intensity of photographic light from salted papers
conveyed sensitised in Marion's dark box, exposed
for 10 seconds (with a scale of 0 to 5 deg) at the
commencement of the eclipse, 41 deg., becoming 4
deg at 2h (an, 3 deg at 2h 15m, 2 deg at 2h 25m, 1
deg at 2h 40m, 01 deg at 2h 50m, 1 dog at 2h 55m
(clear about sun), 01 deg at 31i, 1 deg at 3h sm, 2
deg at 3h 2.5 m, 21 (kg at 3h 40m, 3 deg at 3115011 t,
and 4 dog at 4h. During totality a paper exposed
for one minute gave 01 deg. .

The wind seas NW ar'id NNW till 4 20, then
WSW, becoming SW at 4h 25m, and S at 411. 45m.
The wind was brisk at the commencement of the
eclipse, quite a calm during totality, and a gentle
breeze afterwards. The distant prospect was very
clear, except during totality, when the mountains
disappeared, and only near objects were visible.

Tim clouds, which were chiefly cumuli, diminished
in amount till lh 50m, when only four-tenths of the
sky was overcast, then increased till 2h 35m, with
much cloud till 3h 55m, then again diminished to
six-tenths at the termination of the eclipe, the
• range being 5.5 tenths of the whole sky. Towards
totality some of the cumili became scud, which
lasted from 2h 5m till ah 10m, giving the strongest
impression that the change was iue to the eclipse.
The morning was fine, and from 12h 45m p.m.
sunshine; at lh 25m much open sky about the
zenith, at 2h 15m a blackness about W horizon, and
slightly so in N and 8, at 211. 30m the hills dark,
and the blue sky in N and E, very pale in colour ;
2h 35m, bills dark, with a blue haze among the
more distant mountains; 2h 40m, horizon due W
pink; 2h 45m, sky clear in N, pink; 2h 52w, splen-
did pink on W horizon, warm purple on summits of
mountains in 5, clear sky ; in N deep lilace, and in
E very pale blue; 2h 57w, rapid change, the clear
sky in N deep marine blue with a red tint.
Before totality commenced the colours in the sky
and on the hills were magnificent beyond all de-
scription ; the clear sky in N assume(' a deep in-
digo colour, while in W the horizon was pitch-black
(like nignt). In the E the clear sky was very pale
blue, with orange and rcd like sunrise, and the
hills in S were very red; on the shadow sweeping
across, the deep blue in N. changed like magic to
pale sunrise tints of orange and red, while the sun-
rise appearance in E. had changed to indigo. The
colours increased in brilliancy near the horizon,
overhead the sky was leaden. Some white houses
at a little distance were brought nearer, and as-
sumed a warm yellow tint ; the darkness was great ;
thermometers could not be read. The countenances
of men were of a livid pink. The Spaniards lay
down, and their children screamed with fear ; fowls
hastened to roost, ducks clustered together, pigeons
dashed against the sides of the houses, flowers
closed (Hibiscus Africanus as early as 2h. sm) ; at
2h 52m cocks began to crow (ceasing at 2h 57rn,
and recommencing at 3h sm). As darkness came
on many butterflies which were seen about flew as
it drunk, and at last disappeared; the air became
very humid, so much so that the grass felt to ono
of the observers as if recently rained upon. So
many facts have, been noticed and recorded, that it
is impossible to do more than give a brief state-
ment of the leading features. At 2h 55rn a mock
sun was fornied 22 deg below the true sun, having
the ordinary circular form. From the summit a
Pena Castilla, overlooking the Bay of Biscay, Mr.
Heath noticed the magnificence of the colouring of
the sky reflected in the sea, while the water near
us was of a deep leaden hue, owing to clouds over-
head.

I am indebted to Mr. Thompson, master of her
Majesty's ship Himalaya, for the following tele-
scopic observations :
Totality commenced at 2h 52m oos, when pro-
minences were visible, one on the west and two on
the east, of a bright lurid lake. colour, followed by
the corona shooting out on the cast of the sun in
two forked tongues. The colour of the corona was
white darting outwards. Towards the end of
totality another prominence was noticed on the
west side of the sun, of the same colour as those
first seen, and below this a most beautiful collec-
tion, as of golden beads closely strung together,
shone out, extending to the lowest part of the
western limit of the sun. The stars numbered 7
and 8 in Mr. Hind's map were distinctly visible in
the telescope. The cusps of the sun were rounded
before and after totality, and the prominences were
lurid and well defined. A very considerable varia-
tion of the compass took place during the eclipse.
Lieutenant N. C. Barton, of the same ship, has
kindly commathicated a few of the notes made by
him during the eclipse. Venus appeared shining
very brightly in the midst of the totality at. 2h
59m 565, Pollux also was seen at 311 Om 245, but
was only in sight four or five seconds, in conse-
quence of a cloud overcasting it. Three red pro-
tuberances showed during totality to the left of the
sun, the upper one being very bright. Some beads
were also observed of a light shining character
very like a diamond necklace worn by a negro
belle.

At Los Corrales, Mr. J. Mould remarked that
the blue sky over Santander appeared a very
dark indigo, afterwards changing to a deep amber,
and was most beatitilul, that his fowls began to
march "a canna," but light coming on they returned
to their usual occupation. The temperature in sun
ranged on the grass between 109 deg and 62 deg.
Before totality the sky became overcast.
Before I conclude this letter, written from an
arbour in the pleasant grounds of Mr. J. Sewell,
managing representative of Mr. Mould, overlook-
ing. Santander harbour, where rides the magnificent
apaenrteyrotuos isCphi t
tmy a
et txat ce eddi ,n
gt oo‘r,
over
rt uar nw
Himalaya, it becomes me, in the name- of the
ho
grateful thanks., not only to Mr. Sewell for his
ohurol lEfoorstt-
night, and for the facilities which, from his high
position, he has been able to afford us in the pursuit
of our aims, but also to Lieutenant March, the
British Vice-Consul, to the authorities of the port,
and to the inhabitants, who have received us with
a cordiality and urbanity which has been highly
gratifying. It may be recorded, as perhaps a
valuable hint to the managers of our companies,
that, immediately on our arrival, free passes were
sent by .the railway directors, not only to the
astronomers, but to all the officers of the ship,
enabling us and them to travel wherever we liked
upon the Ferro-Carril de Isabel 11. between Sant-
ander and Alar, with this liberal endorsement—
" Durante su permanencia en Espana," a boon of
which I need scarcely say we have taken evei
advantage. To all the staff on the line our thanks
are due for the unbounded trouble which they have
taken in furthering our endeavours to fix upon
eligible sites for observation, and in facilitating our
general arrangements.---4 have the honour to be,
Sir, your obedient servant,

E. J. LOWE.
Fuente del Mar, near Santander, North Spain,
July 19.

STATE OF TRADE.

MANCHESTER, July 24.—The market is still de-
pressed. In yarns prices arc generally lower, in
most cases }d. to id. per lb. down. There are
offers making for most markets, but at low prices,
but which were not accepted in all instances. In
cloths there is more doing for India, including
10-inch shirtings, Madapollacas, and jaconets, but
chiefly in consequence of sellers being willing to
take lower prices than they would last week. For
longeloths, T-cloths, and domestics the market was
depressed, and sellers bad to take rather lower
prices than they were willing to accept last week.
maanndu fpa
cr itnutreer s
of
For 3S-inch sh_irtliinhges
l clo 1 vo
t ehr gPo
er si c one
s
were also taken.
LEEDS, 24th.
steadily in the various clothing districts around
Leeds, and there is a fair amount of activity in the
the winter warehouses. The preparations for
form the bulk of the transactions, and whether the
season will be a prosperous one or not depends in
no small degree upon the character of the harvest.
At the cloth-halls this morning there was only a
limited attendance of merchants and manufacturers,
and the transactions
were upon a small scale. That
arises, however, chiefly from the fact that the stocks
of suitable goods are within a very narrow com-
pass. As there was rather an ani • mated market on
Saturday
it
is not at all surprising that the reverse
should have been the case to-day.
ROCHDALE, 23d.—The state of trade is steady,
and, on the whole, pretty satisfactory. The prices
of wool remain firm, and there is a tolerably fair
demand. In the market for flannels there is, if
anything, more eagerness on the part of buyers
than sellers. The latter have a good number of
orders on hand, and are not very willing to enter
into fresh contracts except at an advance. The
price of flannel compared with last year at this time
is stated to be from 6s. to 75. per piece higher. The
Yorkshire trade continues tolerably good, and
prices are unaltered.

~~~~1