The Sun.
London, England, 1860-02-04 00:00:00

LETTER FROM MAZZINI.

The Scottish papers publish a letter from Signor
Mazzini, to his friend Mr. John M'Adam, of Glas-
gow. Mazzini is again in England, and, we learn
from this letter, occupying himself with the promo-
tion of the cause of Italian nationality and unity ii
the kingdom of the Two Sicilies :
"We are working actively on the south to pro-
mote there a change which would reach the aim at
once. You helped us, through pecuniary assistance,
when we were at work in the north of Italy ; help
us, if you can, for the south. Explain to your coun-
trymen that our aim is unity—that there is the root
of the question—that Italy will never be tranquil,
Europe never be at peace, whilst that supremo aim
of ours is not reached. Urge for support being given
to the claimed annexation of the dukedoms of Tus-
cany, of the legations, to Piedmont. Bonapartism
is conceding the annexation of the dukedoms,
doubtful about tho legations, negative about Tus-
cany. And, above all, urge' insist for the withdrawal
of the French troops from Italy, but especially from
Rome. Whit is the talking about non-inteference,
whilst 20,000 French soldiers are forbidding Rome
manifesting her verdict against Papal rule ? The
withdrawal as soon as the Pope's security would be
guaranteed was promised since 1849. It was pro-
mised again in 1856, on condition that the Austrian
troops would withdraw from the Roman provinces.
It is asked for by the Pope ; it is by the Italian
people ; and since the war for independency it is a
lionggicfaoolnurgodiwthe.ductiln, as, since the peace of Villafranca
with Austria, it is an elementary political duty.
Ask for it—petition, speak, resolve in every meet-
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hour is exhausted, and I eannotwnrgite more ; I shall
as soon as I can.—Believe me, dear friend, ever
gratefully_ yours, " JOSEPH MAZZINI.
" John M'Adam, 65) Hyde-park-street, Glasgow."

AUSTA.ALIA.

MELBOURNE.

From the summary of news given by the Mel-
bourne Herald of Dec. 19 we extract the follow-

ng :

" Our usual summary by this opportunity has to
record, as the principal event of the month, the re-
assembling
of parliament on the 29th of November,
after the adjournment consequent upon the change
of Ministry. All the members of Mr. Nicb olson's
cabinet have been re-elected, with scarcely any op-
position. Ministers have since met the houses with
a full and candid exposition of their policy ; and, so
far as we may judge from all given signs, with the
general approbation of the public. On all the chief
points of his policy, there is no doubt that 111 r.
Nicholson possesses the confidence of the country.
" Mr. M'Culloch, the treasurer, made his financial
statement to the house on the 6th inst. The re-
venue of the coming y ear is estimated at £3,150,000,
being £92,000 less than the actual expenditure of
1859. The sum asked for 1860 is £3,230,047,
showing a reduction in the expenditure of
£423,493. The estimated income from the sale of
land during the coming year is £500,000, being
£250,000 less than the estimated amount for 1859.
The principal saving contemplated is in the depart-
ment of Public Works, in which the expenditure
this year has been £606,626, and next year is esti-
mated at only £379,000, being a difference of
£228,000. Smaller retrenchments are proposed in
the civil service, although in this department the
report of the commissioners appointed last year has
appeared too late to furnish any assistance to the
Government. _ _ _

" A resolution to the effect that her Majesty
should be petitioned to establish a branch of the
Royal Mint in Melbourne has unanimously been
adopted by the Legislative Assembly, and there
exists a universal feeling of the necessity of such a
measure, to secure to our producers of gold the full
value of their production.
"THE GOLD FIELDS.—For some months past
there have been no great movements among the
population on the several gold-fields ; a couple
of weeks since two rushes broke out, as the phrase
goes, almost simultaneously,and set thousands of the
miners on foot, accompanied, of course, by an uudue
proportion of storekeepers, grog-sellers, and uis-
classifiable followers of nomadic diggers. Rich
and shallow diggings were reported to have been
found, and so great an attraction have such for the
hand to- mouth miners, without capital or productive
claims, that all were on the move at once. Neither
of the new fields is, however, likely to prove of
immediate value equal to the expectations formed.
In the general condition of the miners there
has been little visible change as yet ; but at pre-
sent there is no prospect of that difficulty in earning
their livine, through the summer, experienced by
so many last ',year. Systematic mining is more
extensively carried on, and where that is the case
work varies little summer or winter, and hired
labour is in increased demand. The expenditure of
the several companies, also, in the erection of build-
ings and machinery, the formation of reservoirs,
and when these are completed, in the extraction
of quartz and wash-dirt by piecework, offers a
resource open to but a comparatively limited extent
last year.