The Sun.
London, England, 1856-05-19 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAYEVENWr Nal-0 18 6.'

SPORTING NOTES.

THE BATH MEETING.

The movements during the ensuing seven days will be
calculated to sustain to the utmost the interest and
curiosity which cent rci•in the all-important racing event
of the year. Already the demonstrations for and against
certain horses become more frequent and determined,
and are marked with a deeper significance. Although

it is not probable that we shall witness such havoc in
the ranks of the favourites as was made last year, or
such wholesale knockings out as in '54, yet daring the
meeting at Bath operations are ,likely to be made which
will be followed up with good effect in London. These
expectations give an additional interest to the gathering
on the heights of Lansdown, and will induce turfites to
muster in greater force than the character and quantity
of the racing would justify. Still it must not be ima-
gined that the programme is devoid of interest, for, on
the contrary, it possesses many items which will com-
mand marked attention. The handicapper has, however,
done his best to counteract the efforts of, the committee
to procure a good supply of sport and large fields. The
style in which the imposts have been adjusted for the
Somersetehire Stakes forms the clumsiest specimen of
the art of handicapping, and has rendered the principal
Brighton heads the lis .
weight will be raised to Bst 121 b, and the others in pro-
portion. Sir Rowland Trenohard, Claret, and Curious
seem likely to fill the foremost places, the young 'an,
perhaps, being most worthy of confidence.

. .
The Biennial Stakes is likely to introduce us to some
two-yr-olds at present unknown to fame. Of several I
have received the most satisfactory reports, but as I pre-
fer public performers to dark animals I shall select Lam-
bourn and Western Power. The latter has an allow-
ance of 3lbs. _ _

A rumour is in circulation to the effect that Roger.
thorpe will be brought out for the Biennial Stakes for
three-yr-olds. Should this rumour be founded on truth
considerable interest will be excited. Coroner, too, who
won this stake last year after a slashing set-to with
Stork, is also likely to figure amongst the competitors.
Stork, who seems to have recovered from the effects
of the injuries which he received during the fire on Wed-
nesday last, will also put in an appearance. He, how-
ever, seems to have had so much knocking about yester-
day that he is doubtless by this time somewhat stale.
With a start, therefore, I shall stand The Coroner.
If I had no doubts as to Alonv/s staying powers, the
comparative lightness of his weight for the Somerset-
shire Stakes would induce me to prefer his chance to
that of any of his opponents. I, however, scarcely be-
lieve that he will be capable of getting home. Poodle
will certainly run through, and will not be far off the
leading horses at the finiO3. Of Mr. Stanley's three I
prefer Mishap. Diego and Derwentwater are the best
" in" of the three-year-olds. The winner will, I
anticipate, be either POODLE or Dr EGO.

I scarcely know which to seleet for the Members'
Plate. DOmino, badly as he hag cut up of late, and Old
Rowley, may be the best to stand on. For the Dyrham
Park Plate I shall select Jack Sheppard, Diana, and
Omer Pacha.

Black Tommy bas been much talked about in connec-

tion with the Weston Stakes, and great things are evi-
dently expected of him. Should any mistake, however,
be made with him, I shall expect either M. D. or
Madame Cliquot to be the winner.

Speed the Plough, Challow Boy, and Furioso are my
fancies for the Bath Eandicap.
Notwithstanding the " nibbling" which is occasionally
made at Fly-by-Night, the opinion that Fazzoletto
will be the trusted representative of the Whitewall
stable is evidently strengthened. On Saturday the horse
was spiritedly supported, and I am inclined to believe
that the outlays which have been made upon him will
not prove unprofitable. Soon after the race for the Two
Thousand, I expressed my belief that Fazzoletto would
be as good a favourite as Wentworth on or before the
day, awl I am not likely to be far out in my reckoning.
As to Fazzoletto's reported lameness his backers need
not be discouraged. Ever since the horse has been in
training be has invariably pulled up lame, and the cause
of his limping may be traced to a rheumatic affection.
Wentworth maintains his pride of place in the betting
with considerable steadiness. Vandermulin has been
hotly peppered, and his opponents seemed to have good
cause for their hostility. The Coroner is rapid y ad-
vancing into high favour, but until I see him " perform"
at Bath I shall not express my opinion on his Derby
chance.
May 19. A FRESH MAN.

MALTON, MONDAY.
The following horses left here this morning for Lea-
,herhead

Grwculus Egurienm, Vindex, Vandal, Bracken, For-
bidden Fruit, Victoria, Comedy, Louvat, and Warlock.

Sporting Intelligence.

TATTERSALL'S.-SATTJRDAY.

Although notice was given that the Room would be
opened this afternoon for the despatch of business, the
attendance was not numerous, nor was much progress
made in the settlement of the Shrewsbury and Manches-
ter accounts.

At intervals some Derby betting took place, but there
was a remarkable lack of spirit ; the proceedings, how-
ever, were altogether devoid of interest.

The principal bets were 5(10 to 200 agst Wentworth,
taken-1200 to 100 ac.),;st Fazz iletto, taken-1200 to 100
agst Fly-by-Night, taken and offered —5OOO to 250 ag-t
Vandermulin, taken ; subsequently 750 to 30 was laid
Astrologus was in some demand at 1000 to 10 ; towards
the close 1000 to 15 was tlken- -400 to 100 was booked
three or four times about Soot's " lot."
CLOSING PRICES.
THE DEBBY.
sto 2 agst Went worth (take)
6to 1 agst Fazzoletto (taken)
6to 1 agst Cannobie (take 7to 1)
12 to 1 agst Artillery (taken)
100 to 8 agst Fly -by-Ni -.4ht (taken)
16 to 1 agst Yellow Jack
1000 to 60 agst Rogerthorpe (offered)
17 to 1 agst Prince (taken)
20 to 1 agst Coroner
25 to 1 agst Vandermulin (taken)
1000 to 20 agst Barbarina Cult (taken)
1000 to 15 agst Astrologue (taken)
1000 to 10 agst The British Lion (taken)
500 to 4 agstyretty Boy (taken)
4to 1 agst Scott's lot (taken)

100 to 10 was betted on thefollowing twenty :—Went-
worth, Fazzoletto Cannnbie, Artillery, Fly-by-Night,
Yellow Jack, Rotherthorpe, Prince, Coroner, Mr. Ver.
dant Green, Vandermulin, Bird-in-Hand, Newington,
Ellington Suptr Plum, Leamington, Barbarina colt,
Peter Wilkins, Porto Rico, and British Lion.

DERBY AND OAKS.—YOUATT WM. GRAY, after a close
search, has discovered the right " Pea" for the Derby.
The most experienced sporting men have been puzzled
by the tricks played on the Derby. Two of the most
talented " playmen " on the turf have been employed to
work the oracle, and have succeeded. Well, I have dis-
covered the move; nothing but accident can prevent my
patrons winning a heavy stake by taking the double
event. Terms, ss. ;to Goodwood, 1/. ls. Subscribers
are particularly requested to enclote a good supply of
directed envelopes. Address, 15 Charing•cross.

THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL SERVICE.—Dr. Grooves has I
carried a motion in the Melbourne Council to consider
the propriety of immediately establishing a line of steam-
ers between Melbourne and Point de Galle, or Mauri-
tius, for postal purposes. It is stated the grand impedi-
ment in the way of steam communication is the want of
united action. The British Government, the Peninsular
and Oriental Company, and the six Australasian colonies
have all different views, and different interests, which it
seems almost impossible to reconcile, and therefore they
say the only plan is for ene colony to take the initiative,
and, in the first instance performing the service, after-
wards arranging with the other colonies to receive from
them a proportion of the subsidy. It is estimated that
three steamers can be purchased for about 20,001/. each,
inall 60,000/.; these could be worked for on an average of
about 3,000/. per month, say 108,0001. per annum. The
revenite, therefore, is calculated as follows :—Subsidy by
the Victoria government, 50.000/. ; postage of letters
and newspapers, 50,0001, and profits on passengers and
freight say 10,0001., making a total of 110,0001. It is
agreed in Melbourne that the route by Point de Galle or
Mauritius is the most advantageous, a.nd, compared with
that via Singapore, is said to be seven days shorter.—
Australian and New Zealand Gazette.
[ADVERTISEMENT.--Holloway's Pills an excellent
Medicine.—Perfect digestion and pure bile produce good
blood, and if the functions of either the stomach or the
liver are disordered, Holloway's pills will assuredly re-
pair the mischief, and enable them to supply the chan-
nels of circulation with an uncontaminated fluid ; then,
in cases of bile, indigestion, or disordered stomach, why
not use this invaluable remedy, which has cured thou-
sands when every other medicine failed ? The number
of years these pills have been in use confirms the effici
enoy of their good effects. Sold by all medicine vend-
ors throughout the world ; at Professor Holloway's es-
tablishments, 244, Strand, London ; and 80, Maiden.
lane, New York ; by A. Stampa, Constantinople ; A.
Guidioy, Smyrna ; and E, Muir, Malta.

JUVENILE CRIMINALS REMI TORIES, AND
THE MLANS OF RENDER:V(II'HE PERISH.-
IN° AND DANGEROUS CdiSES SERVICE-
ABLE TO TEE STATE.

Mr. Joseph Adsbead, of Manchertenuthor of " Pri-
sons and Prisoners," &c., has within le last few days
published the paper he recently read t(he Manchester
Statistical Society on the very importrusubiect of juve-
nile criminality. Mr. Adahead has deted many years
of his life to great and benevolent objet, and the city of
Manchester is indebted to him for hi:ooring interest
in all its institutions established for lessling
of human woe. the amount

, The paper now submitted to the pi)lie deals princi•
pally with the still difficult social
pronto
be done with juvenile delinquents r' "what is to
Mr. Adsheed
endeavours to awaken national attentid to the discovery
an effectiveplan, combining the tvrofid object, preven-
tion,
of crime and reformation of th;offender. "In
visiting our gaols at the present day,' he says, "it is
pitiable to observe children of nine yeas of age and up-
wards immured in the prison cells. To the inquiry,
what had brought them into such toosition ? the an•
swer would probably be, parental nglect, a dissolute
father, or an abandoned mother ; tie. destitution of
friends in many cases the want of on or both parents;
in others, ill-treatment by stepfathers or stepmothers, by
whom a preference is often shown for their own children.
The hapless condition of juvenile offenders is paiofally
depicted by the late Mr. E. Rushton, stipendiary magi-
' -trate of Liveroool:-.L4g si.— • •
iVaiM, men instructed to perpetrate offences by their
parents or ccnnexions, compe lid to endure hunger or
steal—what chance has a child under such circumstance
to be honest ? A child so neglected becomes a thief—
is detected and cast into prison ; he then escapes from
the constraint of a bad parent and wicked compa-
nions, and passes into the custody of the officers of jus-
tice. He is brought into a c,urt, the forms of the law
are complied with, and, whilst the infant offender is
gazing with wonder at the strange scene, an offence is
proved against him, and the justice sends him to pri-
son. Amidst a crowd of the profligate and criminal of
all ages the poor child is transferred to a gaol, either
under a summary conviction, or to await his trial
amidst a mass of wickedness and depravity which *vir-
tuous and educated people shudder to contemplate."
On the social characteri-tics of juvenile delinquents
be refers to the cases of 54 juvenile offenders which came
under the notice. during twelve months, of the Rev.
Mr. Clay, chaplain of Preston House of C Jrrection,
who has furnished many interesting details and statisti-
cal tables on criminal jurisprudence. "A careful pe-
rusal of fifty-four narratives, ' observes Mr. Clay, "has
suggested a classification of the earliest causes from the
operation of which the start has been given to an after-
course of evil :

Per cent.
Instances. on the whole
1. Early loss of one or both parents 3 5.5
2. Having unkind step-parents
(chiefly fathers)
3. Running away from, or leaving,
home at an early age 3 5.5
4. Having in themselves a tendency
to evil, the parents being re-
spectable
5. Havins, ignorant and negligent
parents
6. Having drunken fathers l6 29.6
7. Having drunken and brutal
fathers
" The child neglected or outraged at home soon finds
in the streets or fields companions in misery and idle-
ness. Petty thefts are ventured on, bolder ones planned
and effected ; there arises the inclination for debasing
excitement, and it is plentifully supplied by low theatres
and singing-rooms; there the use of the pawn-shop is
learned and never forgotten. As manhood succeeds
youth grosser indulgences are sought, and play-houses
and singing-rooms are t =hanged for ale-houses, brothels,
and beer-shops." The Rev. J. P. O'Leary, chaplain of
the Manchester City Gaol, supports Mr. Clay in his
views. " What resource has a lad without parents, or
what is perhaps worse, with drunken and vicious ones,
a wretched home, and pitssarioas subsistence,—what
refuge is open to such an one but a prison 1" The evi-
dence of Mr. Matthew Davenport Hill, the late Sergeant
Adams, and a recent Parkhurst Prison report, with the
testimony of prison inspectors and philanthropists in all
parts of the kingdom, show from personal experience
and statistics that juvenile criminals, with few excep-
tions, are without connexions, or at least any front
whom whom they could be expected to derive benefit.
Mr. Adshead has gathered much important informa-
tion as to the extent of juvenile delinquency. Years
ago 30,000 naked, filthy, roaming, lawless children were
allowed to run riot in the metropolis alone ; whilst at
least 100,000 of this class of destitute and neglected
children wander about the country obtaining support by
n 3 other means thiin pillage on the industrial commu-
nity. Mr. Redgrave, of the Home-office, shows that
juvenile, aged 15 years and under 20, form not quite
one-tenth of the population, but that they are guilty of
nearly one-fourth of its crime.
Mr. Adshea I devotee several pages of his pamphlet
to a history of the organised efforts on behalf of " the
perishing and dangerous classes," for more than half a
century. "Better days, however," ho adds, "seem
dawning upon them. Notwithstanding the various poli-
tical topics which now agitate the public mind, at no
period during the present century has prevailed so exten-
sively as at present a benevolent interest in behalf of
those classes, or a conviction of the value and importance
of reformatory institutions. Scarcely a newspaper can
be taken up which does not contain some reference to
the subject. As, therefore, the current of public feeling
has so strongly taken this direction, it la most important
that it should be guided aright, and particularly that
such meatures may be adopted as will prevent profligate
parents from ridding themselves of their responsibilities,
and by neglect or direct encouragement in crime, casting
their children upon the benevolence of the community,
or the protection of the State.
"More has been done within the last seven years for
the advancement of the question before U 9 than for the
previous half century. From a return obtained by Mr.
it appears that ten institutions had been certified
in England under the provisions of 17 and 18 Viet., cap.
86, viz —one each in Cumberland, Devonshire, Leices-

4 7.4

tershire, and Northumberland ; three in Gloucestershire,
and two in Warwickshire. The return also states that
ten reformatories in Sciolantl had been certified under the
provisions of 17 and 18 Viet., cap. 74, and the limited
accommodation provided in England and Scotland was
for 1.153 boys and for 1,533 girls. How much has still
to he dons to meet the necessities of the case !"
The following certified reformatories, established in
England urCer the provisions of the act 17 and 13
Viet., cap. SO, receive the Treasury allowance of ss. per
week for the maintenance of each inmate :-
1. Bradwell Reformatory School, near Sandback,
Cheshire.
2. Berks Reformatory School, Berks.
3. Cumberland Reformatory School, Cumberland.
4. Devon and Exeter Reformatory Farm School,
Devon.
5. Kingswood Reformatory, Gloucester.
6. Hardwick Reformatory, Gloucester.
7. Red Lodge Girls' Reformatory, Gloucester.
8. Hampshire Reformatory, Hants.
9. Liverpoool " Abkar Hulk" Reformatory, Lanca-
shire.
10. Leicestershire Juvenile Reformatory, Leicester.
11. Catholic Reformatory, Middlesex.
12. Home-in-the-East Reformatory, Bow, Middlesex.
13. Buxton Juvenile Reformatory Institution, Norfolk.
14. Northamptonshire Society's Reformatory School,
Northampton.
15. Newcastle Reformatory School, Northumberland,
16. Saltley Reformat )ry, Warwick.
17. Birmingham Girls' Reformatory, Warwick.
18. Stoke Farm Reformatory, Worcester.
19. Calder Farm School, York.
Mr. Adshead informs us that in Berkshire, Cheshire,
Dorsetshire, Hampshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Bedford, and
Essex some advance has been made. In about 20 of
the counties of England public meetings of magistrates
and others friendly to the cause of juvenile reformation
have been held. Middlesex has obtained a special act,
and under its provisions the magistrates have purchased
130 acres of land, at 301. per acre, about two miles from
the Watford Station on the South-Western Railway, and
are preparing plans for the erection of buildings upon
the most appioved principle- The magistrates of the
West Riding of York are about to obtain an act for the
establishment of a juvenile reformatory in that extensive
district. Why should not South and North Lancashire
be amongst the counties moving in this important matter?
Mr. Adshead adverts also to the benevolent and un-
ostentatious plan of a gentleman :n Cheshire, who pro-
poses to establish a reformatory for about 30 boys upon
his own estate—to erect a plain building near his house,
and to engage a bailiff, schoolmaster, and manager. He
intends to fill this domestic institution gradually, believ-
ing that the more it is made like a family, and the less
like a school, the more hope there is of its objects being
attained. He further proposes that the labour shall be
purely agricultural, "an occupation," he remarks, "the
most useful, innocent, and purifying," and ho hopes to
be able to distribute the boys, when trained and re-
formed, amongst the farmers of the county.
Liverpool, as already shown, has adopted active mea-
eures in favour of reformatory institutions, and Man-
chester has also followed in the benevolent cause, and an
institution on a large scale is proposed to be erected
without delay It is intended that from six to eight
acres of land, suitably situated, be purchased. Buildings
are to be provided in the first instance for 40 boys, and,
if adequate means are found, to be increased to 100. As
a commencement more than 2,0001. have been promised
in donations to the building fund, and 1001. per annum
by one gentleman for two years, and subscriptions by
others, amounting to above 601. per annum, have also
been promised for general expenses. It is intended to
adopt the Mettray principle of family organisation as
the basis of operations, and to name the proposed esta
blishmont—" The Manchester and Salford Reforma-
tory."
The question of the reformatory treatment of criminals
has, however, yet to attain a satisfactory solution.
" Isolated experiments," Mr. Adshead remarks, " have
been made, partial legislation has been attempted, and is
already shown to require considerable amendment,

sCVt i thui itseld n,
c
grown up by thousands, have filled our prisons, and ua
nmde roe
nuase
tilr
n 1 ita'srn passede n t ary. i
juvenilenqu es hr
iamv
ien beenas
havei n -
be-
come old in crime. There seems, however, at length
reason to hope that when again brought before Parlia-
ment a comprehensive view will be taken of the whole
subject, involving, as it necessarily will, not only the
treatment to be adopted, but the ultimate destination of
the persons reformed, without detracting from the duty
and value of private elf. irt. Surrounded as we are by
noble proofs of its efficiency, it may be declared that
there are liMits to its capabilities; the extensive provi-
sion demanded for carrying out a reformatory system
for yeuthful criminals is clearly beyond the scope of the
voluntary principle. It is a question of police as well as
of morals, and voluntary contributions might as well be
relied upon for maintaining the inmates of workhouses
and prisons as for providing the means required for sup-
jpuovr
et innigl e
dheolui
ns
gesu
eonft d e tTe nhtei oonn
only adequate
ref orm
satoiuorne e for
of trhee.
venue for the purpose is the general and local taxation
of,..the country. '
Mr. Adshead concludes his paper with some valuable
remarks and suggestions on the cost of punishment
as compared with reformatory treatment, as also on the
outlet question, or the mode of disposing of juvenile
criminals. "It is not .easy to estimate the whole ex-,
tent Of the cost to the community, directly and in-
directly, of the present punishing process. The Rev.
Mr. Clay states that the average imprisonment of eaoh
offender before transportation may ba taken at three
,sear e. and the expense of it at 651.:, three,vekri,DLOW
bo that, when 3,000 sentences of transportation are
passed in a year, we may consider them tantamount to a
notification to the public that a last instalment of a sum
exceeding half-a-milhon sterling is about to be called for.
To be as precise as the nature of this inquiry will allow, the
2.728 convicts under 31 years of age,to whom I have already
alluded to as having run the career of juvenile crimiva-
lity, represent a cost waste of 545,0001.! But let it be
remembered that the felony of this kingdom (and whe-
ther juvenile or adult it belongs to this question to con-
sider the fact) is not maintained, while at large, fer
nothing. Having investigated to a cronsiderable extent
the rates of income derived by thieves from their prac-
tices, and having obtained estimates of the same thing
from intelligent and experienced convicts themselves, I
believe myself to be within the real truth when I assume.
swu cehlincomeatlo be
all
owi
ng moreon thanlyt 10
two
oyoe/.y
arsacf for
nil pracetiacceh
ttoh ie l
onef
of the dangerous class previous to his sentence of tran-
sportation, Iclo not know how the conclusion can be
escaped that, in one way or another, the easy, indiffe-
rent, callous public has been, and is, mulcted to the
amount of more than a million sterling, by, and on ac-
count of, its criminals annually transported."
As regards the cost of reformatory treatment, the sum
expended in reforming a boy at Shelton-on-Dunmoor In-
stitution is set down at 121. to 161. a-year ; or, having
regard to the whole average time demanded for a cure,
311.; the gross cost of a boy at Mettray is 201. a-year,
and the total cost of each reformation 421., the yearly
expenses being reduced by the average labour of each
boy, amounting to 81. a-year. The cost per inmate at
Redhill is 281. 14s. per annum, from which it is expected
that some reduction may be made. It would seem,
therefore, a fair deduction, to estimate the cost of put.-
ishment at from four to fivefold more than the cost of
reformation.
The outlet question Mr. Adshead properly considers
to be the gist of the whole matter. "Itis of little use
to held public meetings, to appoint committees, to pur-
chase land, or to erect buildings, unless there be some
defined mode of action, for the placing out or disposing
of those who are discharged from the reformatories."
Agricultural employment, emigration, the army, navy,
and our public works, are pointed out as suitable out-
lets ; but agricultural labour, as it is suggested, should
constitute the chief mode of occupation, and Mr. Ads-
head is of opinion that no " difficulty need be found,
under proper regulation, in the salutary and permanent
disposal of all young persons discharged from reforma-
tory institutions. If such institutions are established to
the extent required, and exercise, as they cannot fail to
do, a material influence in diminishing the number of
adult offenders, and in preventing the necessity for the
enlargement of gaols,. an extensive reformatory appara-
tus, instead of that for punishment, will have to be pro-
vided, and adequate openings made for the class under
consideration.'