The Sun.
London, England, 1860-04-19 00:00:00

REVIEWS OF TII14; WORK.

"Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and
should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times,"
23d March, 1856.
"The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this
little work, in which is described the source of those diseases
which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature
old age."—" Daily Telegraph," March 27, 1856.
At home for consultation, daily, from 10 till 3 and 6 to R.
Sundays, 10 to 1.

Send a penny stamp and you will receive, post.free,
THE INVALID'S OWN GUIDE ; or,
" NATIT KAI. RESTORER of PERFECT
HEALTH," without Medicine, by a simple, pleasant,
economical, and unfailing means, which saves fifty times
its cost in other remedies, restoring perfect digestion,
strong nerves, sound lungs, refreshing sleep, and functional
regularity to the most enfeebled, and removing effectually, in-
digestion (dyspepsia), debility, nervousness, cough, asthma.
Incipient consumption, dropsy, constipation, flatulency, diar-
rhoea, dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs,
colds, noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities,
eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness,
acidity, palpitation, heartburn headache, despondency,
cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickness, sinking firs, bronohi-
Us, also Chflclreu's complaints.--S. ;N.' Barry, 77,' Regent-
street Londcu.

The court-martial for the trial of the mutineers
of her Majesty's ship Edgar is expected to assemble
on board her Majesty's ship Victory in Portsmouth
harbour on Monday next.
The screw steamship Royal Albert, 121, Captain
Henry J. Lacon, was removed on Tuesday after-
noon from Hamoazo into the lock at Keyham steam-
yard, Plymouth. The wind was blowing very
strongly from the eastward, and an ordinary ob-
server might have doubted the prudence of making
the attempt in such weather. Commander George
13iddlecombe, additional assistant-master attendant,
took charge afloat, and hat ing a paddlewheel steam-
ing on eithei side, advanced cautiously against the
wind towards Keyham shortly after two o'clock.
On nearing, a powerful warp was, under the in-
structions of Commander James Brown, master-
attendant, connected with the ship and a capstan
on the south side of the lock, and a smart gang of
blue-jackets and marines, having fitted the capstan
bars, scon got a strain on her. Other warps were
attached from the port bow to capstans on the north
side, and, guiding ropes being also fixed to both

uarters, she became, when the tugs cast off,
completely under control ashore, and the
huge mass, handled almost like a toy,
was without the slightest grating or collision
quietly lodged in the lock, in the charge of assistant..
master shipwright, Mr. Henry Peake, who, with
his foreman, Mr. Rowe, was in attendance to re-
ceive her. After being relieved of some 300 tons of
coal, she will be placed in dock for repair, and will
be fitted with four new boilers. Nearly a month
will elapse before she can leave the yard. The flag
of Rear-Admiral of the Blue Geo. Elliott, Capt.
of the Channel fleet and second in command, con-
tinues flying at the mizen of the Royal Albert.
The screw steam frigate Melpomene, 50, Capt. J.
F. W. Ewart, was prevented on Tuesday by strong
easterly gales from leaving Plymouth Sound for
Hamoaze. She was appointed to go in yesterday,
weather permitting.

The paddlewheel steam sloop Firebrand, 6, Com-
mander J. N. Bruce, left Plymouth on Tuesday
evening with two companies of the third brigade
of Royal Artillery for the Channel Islands.
The gunboats Sheldrake and Biter are appointed
to be taken out of No. 2 dock, Keyham, Plymouth,
to-day, and the screw steamship Royal George, 102,
will be placed in dock the same tide. The Shel-
drake will be placed in No. 1 dock to-morrow.
Mr. Geo. Lumb, gunner, of the Donegal, at Ply-
mouth, was dismissed from the navy on Taesday
by sentence of court-martial held on board the flag-
ship Impregnable.
Measures are being adopted at Devonport to test
the soundness of the timbers of the Albion, 90.

The funnel of the screw steamship Nile, 90, Capt.
E. K. Barnard, in Plymouth Sound, was raised on
Tuesday, preparatory to her early departure for
Bermuda.
The sailing ship Indus, 78, Capt. Hall, C. 8.,
¶as removed on Tuesday from Devonport dockyard
#o the sheer hulk, and had her masts and bowsprit
taken out; she was then brought again alongside
the dockyard, where her crew will be paid off, pro-
bably to-day.
The screw steam sloop Surprise, 4, Capt. Lord
E. Cecil, now stripping in the basin at the Devon-
port dockyard, and which arrived from the West
Coast of Africa on the 12th inst. at Plymouth,
sailed thence on the 4th of May, 1857, for
China, with a convoy of gunboats, with which she
arrived at Hong Kong. She was present on the
28th of December, 1857, at the bombardment of
Canton, and touching at Amoy, Ningpo, and
Shanghai, was at the Pciho on the 23d of May,
1858. On returning she called again at Ningpo
and Hongkong, and went to the Isle of Ling Ting,
where she was engaged with and captured 27 pira-
tical junks. Thence she proceeded to Hongkong,
Lltman, :Marra, and Bruni, the chief town of the

island of Borneo, where the captain and officers
vi,ited the Suhal. On the homeward route she
called at Sarawak, Singapore, and Penang, the
Mauritius, the Cape of Good Hope, St. Paul de
Leando, and Sierra Leone. Mr. Jones, previously
senior assistant, succeeded to the duty of chief en-
gineer on the death of Mr. F. It. Purchase, Oct. 8,
1858. The former master, Mr. S. C. Wayth, was
invalided at the Cape of Good Hope, and died on
his pasnge home in the hired troopship Princess
Charlotte. Her present master is Mr. C. G. John-
ston. Capt. Cresswell, who previously commanded
the Surprise, left at the Cape of Good Hope on pro-
motion, and was succeeded by Lord E. Cecil, who
had been ordered out from E:lgland to take the
command.
The Bacchante, 51, screw, was commissioned at
Portsmouth yesterday morning by Capt. M'Kenzie
for the flag of Rear-Admiral Sir T. Maitland, C. 8.,
the future Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific sta-
tion. Mr. J. W. Ozzard, we understand, will be

secretary to the Admiral.
Mr. R. W. Drummond, acting assist.-engineer,
Royal Navy, and who was received by the steam
reserve at Portsmouth from the Siren gn his dis-
missal from her Majesty's steamer Oberon by court-
martial, was yesterday dismissed from her Majesty's
Navy, by order of the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty, as an habitual drunkard.
The boilers and machinery for the Philomel and
Cygnet, two of the new class of gunboats, have been
delivered at Portsmouth dockyard from the factory
of the Messrs. Napier, of Glasgow.
The Blazer and Decoy gunboats will be launched
from the gunboat slipway at Haslar to-morrow, and
the Fancy and Angler gunboats afterwards hauled
up.

The Bulldog, 6, paddle, fitting at Portsmouth,
will go out to Spithead to test her machinery on
the 23d inst.

The Euryalus, 51, screw, Capt. Tarleton, C. 8., is
completing her deck and outside caulking in the
steam basin at Portsmouth. She will move out in
about a week's time. Report sends her to Madeira,
Rio, and the Cape.
The Guide, the Harbinger, and the Prothesa
were yesterday chartered by the War Department
to ship military stores from Woolwich for the Me-
diterranean.
The following appointments were made yester-
day at the Admiralty :—Capt. D. WLeod Macken-
zie, to the Bacchante, commissioned as a flag-ship
for foreign service; Commander H. R. Wratislaw,
to the Ranger, commissioned; Lieut. J. H. Hat-
chard, to the Implacable; Lieut. H. T. Gammell,
to the Impregnable ; S. Long, mate, to the Bac-
chante ; E. L. Green, mate, to the. Royal Albert ; H.
P. Karney, naval cadet, to the Bacchante ; H. D.
Macaulay, midshipman, to the Ariadne ; R. B.
Trollope, midshipman, to the Aboukir; R. G. Baker
and W. Le Cocq, midshipman, to the Bacchante;
N. A. R. Spicer and J. C. Barnell, midshipmen, to
the Bacchante; W. M. Moger, midshipman, to the
Algiers; F. J. Easther, midshipman, to the Mersey;
11. C. Kane, midshipman, to the Melpomene; T. 0.
Lewis, first-class assistant•engineer, to the Ranger;
Windley, second-class assistant-engineer, to the
Ranger; N. Steam, third-class assistant-engineer,
to the Asia, for service in the Osborne; G. Park
(b), acting third-class assistant-engineer, to the
Ranger; and H. Somerville, assistant-pay master in
charge, to the Ranger.
The mounted Royal Engineer Train, now sta-
tioned at Brompton-barracks, Chatham, being under
orders to proceed to their summer quarters at Al•
dershott Camp, will, it is understood, be succeeded
at Chatham by a detachment of the Royal Horse
Artillery, who will occupy the same quarters at
Brompton.
A brigade field-day of the troops at Chatham took
place yesterday morning, when Major •General Ey rc
had the entire force of the garrison on the lines. In
addition to the Ist, 2d, and 3d battalions of infan-
tray, the battalion of Royal Marines and the corps
of Royal and Indian Engineers were preset, the

The English funds showed great firmness on
Tuesday, closing at an improvement of a quarter
per cent.. The opening transactions in Consols for
money were at 94-1 i to h, and ultimately there were
buyers at 941. For the account the last official
quotation was 9-17,. After regular hours there was
increased strength. The fact of a good amount of
Australian gold having been taken to the Bank
produced a favourable effect, and about five o'clock
it transpired that the whole sum of £1,530,000
lately withdrawn by •a discount house from the
Bank has been returned to that establishment.
The scheme having been exposed, and foreign
capital being in course of arrival, little concern
was felt as to the course that might now be
pursued. It is satisfactory, however, that the sur-
render, if such it is to be deemed, which was sooner
or later inevitable, has not been longer delayed,
and a hope may be entertained that some pledge
will be given to the public against a repetition of
the annoyance at a time perhaps when the country
may be suffering from bad harvests, war or inva-
sion, and when the prospect of producing em-
barrassment would be proportionately more pro-

raising.
To those not thoroughly versed in banking ques-
tions a few additional words' on the recent distur-
bance in the discount market will be useful, al-

though with all classes in this country there is,
happily, sufficient love of open dealing to cause the
bad aspect of the affair to be comprehended at once
in its general features. It is felt that with a coin-

mercia nation, unless there are at all events certain

conventional principles which, by common consent,
are never to be outraged, business would become

practically impossible. In banking matters, above
all, the rule is held sacred, and wherever any de-
liberate attempts to produce embarrassments have
assumed a form to admit of legal cognisance little
mercy has usually been shown. The, importance of
maintaining this sentiment will be universally un-
derstood. If the London and Westminster Bank,
or the London Joint-stock Bank, for example,
were to entertain a grievance against the Bank of
England, and were to adopt the idea that all
means of hostility are fair, either of them could
produce the most disastrous results, since they each
hold deposits- on private account of nearly equal
magnitude with those of that establishment. But
everyone would reject the idea of the possibility of
such a course being even dreamt of. Now, the
question with the discount houses aroso simply as
follows :—These houses invite the public to deposit
money with them on the condition that it shall be
repayable at call or on a week's notice. This money
they employ in tho discount of bills having various
periods to run, from a few days to six months. Of
course, they would like to extend their transac-
tions indefinitely, but this is impossible, unless they
can contrive that in the event of difficulty some
other parties shall be compelled to come to their
assistance. Supgose one of them to hold deposits
to the extent of £4,000,000, on which they allow
4 or 4,1-, per cent., the Bank rate of discount being
5 per cent. They cannot keep a large reserve, be-
cause the loss from keeping a great amount unem-
ployed, for the use of which they are paying 41 per
cent., would. be too heavy; yet a large reserve is
indispensable while they are under the liability to
return more or less suddenly eves y shilling they
have taken. To avoid this necessity they wish,
therefore, to have the power of going to the Bank
of England to demand that the Bank should re-
discount the paper which they, the bill brokers,
without taking the previous precaution of making
sure that they were able to hold it, have negotiated.
Thus, in case of panic, the Bank, instead of meeting
the wants of its commercial customers, would be

liable to extraordinary calls from persons, who
solely in reliance upon their ability to get help,
had made enormous engagements they had never
had sufficient power to fulfil. Such a system must
be totally inconsistent with a healthful condition,
and so completely has this fact always been seen
that any banking firm habitually resorting to re-
discounts was certain to be held in feeble repute.
The evil, however, has a further extent. It will be
asked " If the bills brought in by the discount
houses, even at a time of panic, are of good cha-
racter, why should the Bank refuse them, since the
effect of their being taken would be just the same as
if similar bills were to be discounted for the public P"
But it has been found that the discount houses at
such periods are never willing to pay those advanced
rates by which alone the crisis can b.) dealt with,
and that, owing to their peculiar position and the
magnitude of the interests which, through the faci-
lities afforded them, they have contrived to get into
their grasp, they are apt to insist that they shall be
supplied at a certain rate, or, failing this, to get up
a movement to frighten the Government into a sus-
pension of the Bank Charter Act. The history of
the last affair of the kind
may easily be referred
to, and no one reading it can fail to perceive that
it is an imperative duty. on the Bank directors to
take care that, as far as they have the power, such
events shall never happen again. The Bank have
no wish to interfere with the discount brokers, and
the discount brokers eau have no claim upon them.
Under the Act of 1844 the Bank of England is in
a position precisely similar to that of all the other
and
dderhand or any other
we have never before
banks
heard
oof f a
nt the tce omupn
tt r
by
y,
means to compel a bank to do business with persons
whom, from experience, they
would rather avoid.
It would be just as reasonable to make the demand
on the London Joint-stock Banks, whose total de-
posits available for discount purposes far exceed
those of the Bank of England. These institutions
decline to hold their funds at the service of the
discount houses, and the Bank of England must
be allowed the same freedom of action. If the
business which the discount houses would force
xpon them could be demonstrated to be safe and
profitable there is sufficient banking rivalry to cause
it to be sought. Neither the Bank of England not
their colleagues could have any object but that
which should animate all traders—namely, to make
the largest profits that can possibly be compassed
by safe and honourable means, and when the dis-
count houses find themselves unable to persuade
these establishments to meet their views they may
fall back upon the conviction that if the refusal
arises merely from infatuation or prejudice such is
the business keenness in London that other parties
will be disposed to come into the field. Good bills
are the most marketable commodity in the world,
and the idea that it can be necessary to coerce any
single establishment into taking an article for which
there is such universal competition, seems the most
preposterous that can be entertained. If the Bank of
England is so foolish as not to know its own inte-
rests, the best punishment will be to leave it to
suffer the consequences. It employs its money
with the freedom accorded to all persons in this
country, in such manner as seems best to it, and
it leaves the discount houses to do the same. It
enjoys the Government balances, and makes what the
Government deems an adequate allowance for them.
It is open to any body of capitalists to establish a
new bank on the principles desired by the discount
houses, and also for the Government to patronize
such new bank, if they think the Bank of England
too cautious. There can be no grievance, therefore,
on any side, and nothing to justify a resort to covert
methods of attack and annoyance such as are ordi-
narily banished from the rules of honourable com-
munities. It is just as bad to get up plots to em-
barrass a bank or the public as to write anonymous
letters, or to perform any other meanness that con-
sists in taking people at a disadvantage. With all
their faults, Englishmen have never been prone to
vices of this kind, and, moreover, they have sufficient
shrewdness to know the inevitable results. If any
further illustration of these results were needed, it
would now be found. The Bank of England pro-
fits must have been largely swollen by what has
transpired, and, at the same time, the directors, by
their firm course, have gained an extraordinary de-
gree of public confidence and approval. They will
doubtless continue to perform their duty, and it is
to be hoped that, with cordial support from all who
do not wish to see the financial affairs of the coun-
try subjected to fluctuations by a constant liability
to secret tricks, they will be found to have adminis-
tered to those who require it a lesson that will
never be forgotten on the observances expected from
all who aspire among men of business to be held
worthy of respect and confidence.

[A_DvErnsinizyr.] Holloway's Indigestion
and Disordered Liver—Mr Bostick,druggist of Ashton-under-
Lyne, states that a person with whom he is welt acquainted
nas received the benefit of a most astonishing cure by the use
of Holloway's Pills. For months he was afflicted with se-
vere pains in the-stomach, chist, and liver, •which entirely
prevented him from following his business. He availed him-
self of all the medical skill in the neighbourhood without de-
riving any benefit. lie then determined on giving Hollo-
way's Pills a trial and this medicine had the effect of giving
mmediate relief and finally restoring him to perfect health.
This statement is:published in the hope that othars similarly
aelteted may 'secure the mew of oDtatuipg the same relief,

Few will be prepared to credit the fact that there
is at this moment quietly riding in that noble basin
for the reception of British and foreign shipping,
the East and West India Docks, an almost perfect
counterpart, in a structural point of view, of the
celebrated tubular bridge (slung some few years
since by Stephenson over the Mcnai Straits), in the
form of a fine iron clipper ship, eal'ed the Fanny
Mend, being the first iron steam ship built by
Messrs. Robert Taylerson and Co., of Port Glas•
gow and Cornhill, on the "diagonal" principle, and
which principle is alleged by the projectors to be-
the "only" principle in shipbuilding capable of re-
sisting the disruption of a vessel in cases of ship-
wreck by casualty and collision. In view, more-
over, of the innumerable melancholy catastrophes
that ever and anon occur upon our coasts, as deve-
loped in that dark national record of disasters the
" Wreck Chart," a practical attempt like the pre-
sent, in the way of diminishing the loss of property
and life, and redeeming this national disgrace, de-
serves the more serious and attentive consideration,
not only by the Government, but by the mercantile
marine. When it is known, too, that not less than
80 millions of property—to say nothing of human
life—belonging to this country is constantly afloat
and finding its way into iron vessels ; that during
the past year, according to the returns of the Board
of Trade, there were not fewer than 1,461 wrecks
and 1,645 lives lost ; and that during the first three
months of the present year the number of wrecks
has amounted to something like 700, the considera-
tion of the question becomeS not only imperative,
but appalling. Doubtless a majority of wrecks
arises from apparently uncontrollable causes, but
in many of these instances, if constructed suffi-
ciently strong, the devoted vessel-or at least her
crew—might be rescued or relieved. The disasters
that daily happen on our coast are at length draw-
ing the attention of Parliament and the public to
the question, and it is hoped that in conjunction
with the efforts of the newly-established association
for the promotion and improvement of naval archi-
tecture, recently established under the scientific
auspices of Mr. R. A. Brooman and Mr. E. J. Reed,
the inquiry into lights, buoys, beacons, and chain
cables something essentially practical will be done
in this way, despite the prejudice of interested ship-
builders or the apathy of well underwritten ship-
owners, and that a recurrence of those fatal catas-
trophes that have characterised the loss of Royal
Charters, Birkenheads, Hungarians, and Ondines
will to a considerable extent cease. As a first step
in this desirable direction, Messrs. Taylerson have
satisfied tiemselves that there is a radical defect and
weakness in the existing form of building iron ves-
sels—firstly from the fact of the frames being in a
" vertical" direction and parallel to each other, not
offering sufficient resistance to any force or strain
having a tendency to tear the ship asunder trans-
versely ; and, secondly, the frames being secured to
the outside shell by rivets running in a direct ver-
tical line from the gunwale to the keel, entailing
one continuous line of weakness in that direction.
Ships built in this way, to use the expressions of
the nautical profession, on encountering any ob-
struction literally " broke their backs," or were
severed in two from gunwale to keel. Messrs.
Taylerson's proposition in relation to their new
" diagonal" principle is, that while in the case of
the vertical principle the line of resistance to any
force acting in the direction of the vertical planes
of the ship will be in a line: with the shortest cir-
cumferential line of the body of the ship, thereby
opposing the least amount of resistance to fracture
coming in the direction of these planes ; in the case
of a ship built in accordance with the ditgonal prin-
ciple, the line of resistance to forces acting in the
direction of these vertical planes will be diagonal
to the circumferential line of the body of the ship,
thereby opposing the greatest amount of resistance
that can be given at an angle equivalent to the in-
clination of the frames. In addition to the diagonal
the vertical principle is introduced, so that the ves-
sel becomes a complete network, as it were, of ada-
ment. Before she can break in two parts or tear
her plating asunder, as in the case of the Eva, Duke
of Sutherland, Countess of Strathmore, Taylcur,
&c., she must break through 20 frames of angle iron
4 by 3by 3-2 inch, as well as 10 reverse frames of
angle iron 3 by 3 by 7-1 G inch, diagonal butt ends,
stringers, 4 sister keelsons, deck of iron, &c. ;
whereas, in a ship built on the vertical principle,
the poop, main, and lower deck beams are secured
to one frame only, both on the starboard and port
side, and they are 3 feet apart at least, which leaves
every alternate frame unsustained by any beam ;
she has, therefore, not a single frame to break, bnt
'tears the plating from keel to gunwale without any
resisting power of her frames whatever.

These are the leading novel principles on which
the construction of the Fanny Maud is based. She
is intended, we understand, for the East India,
China, and Australian trade, and lying, as she does
most conveniently, and in contrast between the
Empress Eugenie and the Parsee in the East and
West India Docks, she is well worth a visit. In-
deed, a large number of scientific, gentlemen inte-
rested in the progress of steam navigation have been
over her ; and also Captains Robertson and Tulke,
of the Admiralty and Board of Trade, by the direc-
tion of Sir Baldwin Walker, the Surveyor of the
Navy. She is about 2,500 tons burdQn, and has a
full poop and forecastle, which greatly increases her
available capacity for passengers and stowage of
cargo. The saloons are fitted up so as to combine
the utmost comfort with elegance. They have the
benefit of an efficient system of ventilation, by which
any unpleasant closeness is comparatively prevented,
and all the lights are so planned as to obviate dan-
ger. The plans and elevations are on the most ap-
proved principle and liberal scale, so far as the
building, outfit, and general completion of the ship
are concerned. The anchors are according to Trot-
man's patent, and the chains are made of tke best
Staffordshire iron, and proved in accordance with
the requirements of the Admiralty and Lloyd's
Rules, for 12 years, Class A 1, at least.