The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-31 00:00:00

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rapidly constituting them an aggregate, which it
is highly speculative to consider could ever be re-
duced through the probable return of a fortuitous
prosperity. Accommodation is here clearly trace-
able on both sides—the interest of the debtor being
to pacify his creditor by allowing him to draw, and
the necessity of the creditor inducing him to avail
himself of the debtor's liability. But the censure
and the opprobrium it will always create may, save
in extreme cases, be expected to check it. It has
been said that it is difficult to find in bill transac-
tions, where accommodation begins and where it
ends. In this view, nevertheless, there is by no means
general concurrence. The open credit system which
is so freely in vogue among our first-class merchants
has been cited as a case in point, because the
facilities afforded may be abused; but even
then it would be accommodation, and justly re-
prehensible if carried beyond due bounds. What
the penalty ought to be for merchants, traders, and
others operating on doubtful credit it is difficult to
adjust ; but it should surely include more than an
ordinary bankruptcy suspension or refusal of certi-
ficate. Many sound thinking individuals are of
opinion that before any positive arrest of the evil
can be effected a penal enactment must be intro-
' duced which will provide for meeting these especial
cases, and that it will be essential to make examples
to deter others from taking so objectionable a
course. But then it is urged, how will you be able
to define what is and what is not accommodation ?
The answer is a ready one; if there be the slightest
question in the matter make no hesitancy, but
allow a jury composed of mercantile men to settle
the difficulty:,..-If 03.6zglip hand the culprits im-
plicated can be proved 16 haVe misconducted thera--
selveg, then the sentence could not be impugned;
and if on the other the allegation were unfounded,
an open aquittal would be all the more satisfactory.'
Complete confirmation or complete refutation would,
in either case, be the most desirable, and the
law would not be brought into contempt through
any hasty or ill-considered judgments. The
whole matter at issue is, nevertheless,. sur-
rounded by intricacies ; but if sensible anti
honest minds' were applied to the task of cleaiing
them away, the labour would not be found dis-.
couraging, and the result would be extremely be-.
neficial. At present we despair of seeing an active
movement with the objsctof remedying this crying
grievance, for as the Government have not been
fortunate in their past legislative career, it is im- -
impossible to say what may be their prospects in
this respect hereafter. If bankruptcy aslmiilistra-:
tion is eventually to ha modified, and modified with
the intent of: affording increased protection to the.
creditor, clauses might be introduced in the next
session of Parliament which would provide for
punishing the wanton abuse of confidence,. such as
has been lately pourtrayed in more than one branch
of business.

TEE USE AND ABUSE OF TOJACCO.

The following letter has been addressed to a con-
temporary :—" Sir,—Havingbeen, applied to some
time since tojoin in a petition to the House of Coln-
mons that they would appoint a committee to in-
quire into the effects produced by the ,prevailing
habit of tobacco smyking, I declined to do so ;
first; because it did not appear to me that such a
committee would be.very • competent to discuss a
question of this kind; and, Secondly, because, even
if they were so, I did not see that it would be possi-
ble for Parliament t6' follow up by any act of legis-
lation the conclusions at which they might have
arrived. Nevertheless I am ready to admit that the
subject is one of no trifling importance, and well
worthy the serious consideration of: any one who
takes an interest in the present and future well-
being of society. From these considerations it is
that I now venture to address to you the following
observations:

The empyreumatic oil of tobacco is produced by
distillation of that herb at a temperature above that
of boiling water. One or two drops of this oil (ac-
cording to the size of the animal) placed on the
tongue will kill a cat in the course of a few minutes.
A certain quantity of the oil must be always circu-
lating in the blood of an habitual smoker, and we
cannot suppoSt that the effects of it on the system
can be merely. negative.' Still, I am not prepared
to subscribe to the °Oil= of those who hold that,
ander all circumstances.: and to however moderate
an extent it be practised, the smoking of tobacco is
prejudicial. The first effect of it is to soothe and
tranquillise the nervous system. It allays the pains
of hunger, and relieves the uneasy feelings pro-
duced by mental and bodily exhaustion. To the
soldier who has passed the night in the trenches
before a beleaguered town, with only a distant
prospect of breakfast when the morning has arrived;
to the sailor, contending with the elements in a
storm; to the labourer, after a hard day's work;
to the traveller in an uncultivated region, with an
insufficient supply of food, the use of a cigar or a
tobacco pipe may be not only a grateful indulgence,
but really beneficial. But the occasional use of it
under such circumstances is a very different matter
from the habit of constant smoking which prevails
in certain classes of society at the present day.
The effects of this habit are, indeed, various, the
difference depending on difference of constitution,
and difference in the mode of life otherwise. But,
from the best observations which I have been able
to make on the subject, I am led to believe that
there are very few who do not suffer harm from it,
to a greater or less extent. The earliest symptoms
are manifested in the derangement of the nervous
system. A large proportion of habitual smokers are
rendered lazy and listless, indisposed to bodily and
incapable of much mental exertion. Others suffer
from depression of the spirits, amounting to hypo-
chondriasis, which smoking relieves for a time,
though it aggravates the evil afterwards. Occasion-
all.y there is a general nervous excitability, which
though very much less in degree, partakes of the
nature of the delirium tremens of drunkards. I have
known many individuals to suffer from severe
nervous pains, sometimes in one, sometimes in
another part of the body. Almost the worst case of
neuralgia that ever came under my observation was
that of a gentleman who consulted the late De.
Bright and myself. The pains were universal, and
never absent; but during the night they were
especially intense, so as almost wholly to prevent
sleep. Neither the patient himself nor his medical
attendant had any doubts that the disease was to
be attributed to his former habit of smoking, on
the discontinuance of which he slowly and gra-
dually recovered. An eminent surgeon, who has a
great experience in ophthalmic diseases, believes
that, in some instatces, he has been able to trace
blindness from amaurosis to excess in tobacco smok-
ing ; the connection of the two being pretty well
established in one case by the fact that, on the
practice being left off, the sight of the patient was
gradually restored. It would ,be easy for me to
refer to other symptoms indicating deficient power
of the nervous system to which smokers are liable;
but it is unnecessary for me to do so ; and, indeed,
there are some which I would rather leave them to
imagine for themselves than undertake the descrip-
tion of them myself in writing. _ _

But the ill effects of tobacco are not confined to
the nervous system. In many instances there is a
loss of the healthy appetite for food, the imperfect
state of the digestion being soon rendered manifest
by the loss of flesh and the sallow countenance. It
is difficult to say what other diseases may not fol-
low the imperfect assimilation of food continued
during a long period of time. So many causes
are in operation in the human body which may
tend in a greater or less degree to the production
of organic changes in it, that it is only in some
instances we can venture to pronounce as to the
precise mariner in which a disease that proves
mortal has originated. From cases, however,
which have fallen under my own observa-
tion, and from a consideration of all the circum-
stances, I cannot entertain a doubt that, if we could
obtain accurate statistics on the subject, we should
find that the value of life in inveterate smokers is
considerably below the average. Nor is this opinion
in any degree contradicted by the fact that there
are individuals who in spite of the inhalation of
tobacco smoke live to be old, and without any
material derangement of the health ; analogous
exceptions to the general rule being met with in
the case of those who have indulged too freely
in the use of spirituous and fermented liquors.
In the early part of the present century tobacco
smoking was almost wholly confined to what are
commonly called the lower grades of society. It
was only every now and then that any one who
wished to be considered as a gentleman was addicted
to it. But since the NN ar on the Spanish Peninsula,
and the consequent substitution of the cigar for the
tobacco pipe, the case has been entirely altered.
The greatest smokers at the present time are to be
found, not among those who live by their bodily
labour, but among those who are more advantage-
ously situated, who have better opportunities of
education, and of whom we have a right to expect
that they should constitute the most intelligent and
thoughtful members of the community. Nor is the
practice confined to grown-up men. Boys, even at
the best schools, get the habit of smoking, because
they think it manly and fashionable to do so; not
unfrequently because they have the example set

NEWSPAPpt

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,
them by their tutorsand partly becatlie ` "% •
friendly voice to warn them as to the specie jgc
sequences to which it may give rise where t 44pr0.-L ` S •
cess of growth is not yet completed, and the organ 3
are not yet fully developed.
The foregoing observations relate to the habit of
smoking as it exists among us at the present time.
But a still graver question remains to be confider( d.
What will be the result if this habit be continu ed
by future generations ? It is bnt too true that t 12.0
sins of the fathers are visited upon their children.
and their children's children. We may here tal:e
warning from the fate of the Red Indians of Am
rica. An intelligent American physician gives the
following explanation of the gradual extinction of
this remarkable people :—One generation of them
became addicted to the use of the firewater. They-
have a degenerate and comparatively imbecile pro-
geny, who indulge in the same vicious habit with
their parents. Their progeny is still more degene-
rate, and after a very few generations the race
ceases altogether. We may also take warning from
the history of another nation, who some few cen-
turies ago, while following the banners of Solyman.
the Magnificent, 'were the terror of Christendom, but
who since then, having become more addicted to
tobacco smoking than any of the European nations,
are now the lazy and lethargic Turks, held in con-
tempt by all civilised communities.
In thus placing together the consequences of in- •
temperance in the use of alcohol and that in the use
of tobacco, I should be sorry to be misunderstood
as regarding these two kinds of intemperance to be
in an equal degree pernicious and degrading.
The inveterate tobacco-smoker may Ile stupid and ,
lazy, and the habit to which he is addicted may
gradually tend to shorten his life and deteriorate
his offspring, but the dram-drinker is quarrelsome,
mischievous, and often criminal. It is under the
influence of gin that the burglar and the murderer
become fitted for the task which they have under-
taken. The best thing that can be said for dram-
drinking, is, that it induces disease, which carries
the poor wretch prematurely to the grave, and rids
the world of the nuisance. But, unfortunately, in
this, aa4n many other, caße,s,‘N,hat.iA,r;Antilag,....in,-
quality is made up in quantiy.--;Thiitr..o.relhicksi--,
on one of these evil habit's where iliere are not on.
the other. The drii&drinke4 *Or, to use a mare
general term, the drunkard' 'hi held to be thli-4ious
animal. He is an outcast tram- all,decent:(,te.ON-y,,,
while there is no. such exclusion for the tanisc'etSsi..:!.
duous smoker.
The comparison of the.
,effects of talrlico with., •
those of alcohol leaids to the consideration o aiinuelv
Wider question than that with set onf*ln
all, ages' of which we have. any record Mankind
have. been in the habit of resorting to the usaraf
certain vegetable productions, notras. contributing
to nourishment, but on aceput ,o£ .their haying'
some pechliar influence a's' Stunhlahts or sedatives -
(or in, some. other way) on the- notsous.system. _ To-
bacco, alcohol, the Indian hemp, ‘the Isafe. eftbe,"
South Sea Islanders, the Paraguay 44; :40114e0, and':
even tea, belong 'to this'categoiy.
so universal may almost beregarded as an ittitiAcW
and there is sufficient reaSoato believe'tliat;Wikin ;
Certain limits, the indulgence of the Wil inet'A
ful.
•But we Ernst net abuse Ont'insiincts.g. This
one of then:lest important itilials;liiel.Ctiirr,a.4ii..re-
Sponsible being, both for hia,own sake" nnOldr' that
of others, is bound to observe.'Even such moderate
agents as tea and coffee, taken in excess, are preju-
dicial. How much more so are tobacco and alcohol,
tending, as they do, not only to the degradation of
the individual, but to that of future generations of
our species.
If tebacce-senolters would limit themselves ta-the
Occasional indulgence of their
do little harm either to thein§ei, es .o F• 7.-
there is always danger that a sensual habit ce‘
begun may be carried to excess, and that 400:r
never so great as in the case of those Who are not
compelled by the necessities of their situation to
be actively employed-. For such persons. the prudent 'O.l
Course is to abstain from smoking altogether. -
Trusting that you,and yeur readers will excuse
me for having occupied' so' large a-space in your
columns,—l am, sir, your obedient•servant;
Aug. 27. ' . BC.. BRODIE.f,

.Y unit,
if

TILE ..EARL OF -CAITTINE:SS", AND
LOCOJTOTIVE. - :

•
, . , , •
•
In his journey towards the .north, Lovl. Caithness.
met with Some very laughable incidents. In one:,
part of the Highlands-he observed a man with a. -
horse and cart approaching, but 014 at a considor.7
able distance. 4s4hg-pettlies,_ Drew'A re'', "the.
horse and cart mine toitli -sfaildstitt, IRA the driver
was seen intently watching the progress of ,the
carriage as it:came puffing onwards on .finc level..
piece of road: When his lordship was within about
-a-hundred yards of him, he appeared in the-p,reatest,
trepidation. He looked here and there, and every-
where, in a state of complete bewilderment, and at
last bolted, leaping a fence, and running a consider-
able way over an open space of ground, till he came
to a few bushes of underwood, where he ensconced
himself. The horse appealed to possess more saga-
city than his master—looked on matters with a

philosophic eye, and stood unmoved on the middle
of the road, scrutinising the party and the machine
as they passed, with the inquisitiveness of a con-
noisseur. Some time elapsed before the man was
seen to leave his retreat, and when he did appear
he seemed to move with caution, and to have strange
misgivings as to the singular object which he had.
seen. On arriving at a certain country inn, his.
lordship was surprised to find so great a stillness
about the place that not a creature was to be seen
anywhere, and every door was shut. His lordship
left the carriage, and knocked at the door of the
inn, but he knocked long and loud before any one
answered. At last an elderly female, evidently put
forward as the mouthpiece of the party within, put
her head out of a window, and asked very pertly
what he wanted. His lordship told her that he
wished to remain there over the night. The beldam
replied with a jeer of the most tatatalising kind,
" Na, na, we'll hae nothing to do wi' playactor
fouk ; we've had enough o' trouble wi' characters
o' your kind already," and shutting the window
with a triumphant air, and with some force, she.
disappeared. His lordship stood for some time
endeavouring to convince the inmates that he
was in no way connected with playactors, but
whether he was heard or not, the same stillness
prevailed. His lordship, seeing that further argu-
ment was useless, stepped over a few fields to the
house of a neighbouring farmer, with whom he was
acquainted, and stated to him the nature of the
mistake. The farmer soon returned with the earl,
and was not long in convincing both mine host and.
mine hostess of their error. Of course a thousand
apologies were made to the earl and his countess
for the uncivil way they had been treated, and as
many maledictions hurled at the head of the ostler,
who, on the first appearance of his lordship's car-
riage coming steaming onwards in the distance,
had alarmed the whole establishment by calling
out " Play-actors ! "—Banffshire Journal,

A GOOD STATE FOR MINISTERS.—There is a law
in Maine exempting from taxation " the house and lot not
exceeding two acres," owned and occupied by " any mini-
ster of the Gospel in the actual exercise of the pastoral
function." The act, of course, applies alike to all denomi-
nations.—Philadelphia _Presbyterian.
GRIMSTONE'S EYE SNUFF.—A certificate proving the
virtues of this snuff, from Dr. Ure, M.D., F. R.S., 25, Keppel-
street, Russell-square : -" I hereby certify that the eye-snuff
invented and manufactured by Dir. Wm. Grimstone, of the
Herbary, Highgate, is quite free from tobacco and composed
of herbs, capable of exciting mildly the pituitary glands,
without exercising any subsequent narcotic action on the op-
tical organs. This snuff is therefore adapted to relieve con-
gestions affecting the brain and the vision.—Andrew Ure,
F.R.S., professor of chemistry and analytical chemist."
The above is the result of an analysis,of GriMStollo3 eye
snuff, requited by the Spanish Consul-General (Marquis of
sEpaanyamisho,d&„mani
coi,toons.free this snuff from tobacco duty in the
without
tinteresting
e
extraordinaryT.ot it
unrebse
thaLnApthvoEnitUrmiSeTrmoUl:
by Du Barry's delicisus Health Restoring Revalenta Ara-
bica Food. We give a few :—Winchester, December 3,
1847.—Gentlemen,—I am happy to be able to inform you,
that the person for whom your Revalenta was procured has
derived very great benefit from its use ; distressing symp-
toms of Dropsy, Dyspepsia, and Constipation of long stand-
ing have been restored, and a feeling of restored health in-
duced.—James Shorland, late Surgeon, 66th Regiment.
Cure No. 48,314—Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near
Liverpool : a cure of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the hor-
rors of nervous irritability. Cure No. 46,814—Mr. Samuel
Laxton, Leicester, of two years diarrhcea. Cure No.
52,612—The Dowager Countess of Castlestuart, of
many years nervous irritability, bile, and indigestion.
Avoid Pills and Medicines : they invariably aggravate and
perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment,
and expense may be avoided by using Du Barry's Feed
which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in
other remedies, removing effectually, without n pur gl• g,
constipation, indigestion (dyspepsia) nervous, bilious
and
liver complaints and all their consequences. Certificate
thel urrez,,erria DI r.
dangers Shorland,
ofspu-
rious
Dr.
offer
No. 36,418. 'We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ure,re,
CamMD., Fe .
R .
Le,
tDi
nr
vHe
lairde v e
ayv,
oDi
dr .
lr
false pretences.a n d injurious
N
e vimitations
imitations
high Court of Chancery under a of £5,000 against
i
Alfred Hooper Nevill and h penalty
eadreunprdoehriabitveadribeytythoef
s agents and the pretences
that Nevill has a patent for Arabica 'Food and that Du
Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false.
No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du Barry
and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, onthe seal and wrapper.
Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article must
expect to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins flb.
2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s, 6d. ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. ; 241 b. 40s. The
121 b. and 241 b. canisters are sent carriage free on receipt
of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77,
4, Re-
gent-street London;
, London; Fortnum Mason, ind Co.; Abbis,
60 Gracech
• Cheapside ;63 and 150, ' Ox-
,
ford-street ; 330 and
.451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate-
street ; Batty, 16, Finsbury Pavement ; Phillips and Co
tea -d ealers ; Petty, Wood, King William-street,
and Co.,
' City ; at 127, 'Ugh Holborn ; and all grocers.