The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-18 00:00:00

The country, though lately so excited by the
elections of the 22d April, has now recovered its
itual quiet. Nothing indicates to the passing
traveller the recent agitation, and everything looks
quite as were it not that flags of the French
colours adorn all the towns and villages along the
road, and for the presence of French soldiers re-
turning by easy marches from Italy. These brave
fellows are feted to the utmost, and are absolutely
quite at home. Everybody is anxious to give them
quarters, and to wash the dust from their throats
with a draught of the best wine in the cellar.
The sole fear of the Savoyard populations was
to see their country parcelled out for the benefit
of Switzerland. When people have for ten cen-
turies formed together a small but energetic and
respected nationality, they do not separate without
reluctance, especially in the moment of success.. It
was, therefore, with an explosion of joy indescrib-
able that they learnt the Emperor had flatly re•
fused to give way to the unjustifiahlekretensions:of
Switzerland. " Sir," I was told by men of most
peaceable appearance, "we should have received
with pike and musket any man who_had eome into
our mountains to parcel out our Savoy. We were
determined on sticking together." And this was
but the exact truth.

Notwithstanding the tranquillity that has never
ceased to prevail, and the good feeling of the whole
country, the existing state of uncertainty begins to
press heavily. I find in the Gazette de &wow
the text of an address, transmitted through an offi-
cial channel, by the Provincial Council of Chain-
hery, to the French and Swiss Governments, set-
ting forth the serious inconveniences that result to
Savoy from the delay in its definitive annexation to
France. The document states

" The undersigned will not contest that in theory
the cession ought not to take effect till after the vote
of the Parliament ; they will not even appeal to
the principles that served for basis in the annexa-
tion of the Romagnas ; but it may be permitted
them to say that after the unanimous vote of the
country, called for by the Xing in execution of a
treaty signed by him, with the consent of the
Chambers, any delay in carrying out that treaty
is a great evil for Savoy. Traders cannot supply
themselves with articles of the first necessity. No
man can form any plans at a juncture when
one system of administration is going owl-, and its
successor has not come in. Administration scarcely
exists. The Government is without moral power;
and it willnot be one of the least glories of Savoy
to have passed through such a crisis without
troubles."

The Tarentaise province, which I visited yester-
day, and the Maurienne, whence I am writing to
you, are remarkable on various accounts. They
will gain by the annexation more, perhaps, than
all the rest of Savoy.
The Tarentaise is the Savoy of the old Romans
(Darentasia). It includes the upper valley of the
Isere, which communicates with Italy by the pass
of the Little St. Bernard. Ccesar crossed it with
hislegions, and through it Hannibal entered Italy.
The Maurienne is the cradle of the House of
Savoy. ,Humbert the White•handed, the founder
of the dynasty, was Count of Maurienne. It is a
narrow and bleak valley, deriving an existence
from the transit of goods and travellers between
Italy and France, by the Mont Cenis route.
It is Maurienne, just below Modane, that the
tunneling of Mont Cenis is going forward, which I
have just returned from visiiing. The other end
of the tunnel opens into Piedmont, in the valley of
Bardonneche, and the work is going on from that
end also. It is really a colossal enterprise worthy
to be ranked with any of the grand achievements of
the Romans. This, and the canal through the
Isthmus of Suez, will form the peace-triumph of our
age, It will be rather more than eight miles long,
without a single air shaft. The work has been three
years in progress • but the war and the *financial
embarrassments, of the Sardinian Government,
which finds the funds, has made matters proceed
somewhat :lowly.

The Victor Ern►Lanuel Railway Co►npany is car-
rying on this formidable work, with the aid of a
subvention of about £BOO,OOO sterling voted by the
Sardinirn Parliament. On ceding Savoy, the Pied-
montese Government reserved the ownership of the
tunnel, with the right of proceeding with it apart
from French intervention. This is a misfortune ;
for with French activity and resources the work
would probably be completed in a year, whilst at
its present rate it will take possibly feur or five.
And yet nothing could be more important than its
completion in every point of view, as well for Italy
as for France. The tunnel once finished, the rail
might convey a hundred thousand men in one day
from Lyons to Turin and Milan. Surprise from.
Austria would be then impossible. The merchan-
dise of the two countries would be exchanged with
wonderful celerity and economy. And lastly a visit
to Italy, new a labour, especially in bad weather,
Would be'only an excursion, in which the traveller
might go from Paris to Turin, Milan, Genoa, Bc-
loga, and Florence, almost without changing his
carriage. , _ _

Let us, however, return from the subject of rail-
ways to the cession of Savoy.
An important point was that of the new frontier.
.The Sardinian Government proposed the impreg-
nable fort of Lesseillon, above Modane, which
would have left within the Italian territory the
Savoyard districts of Vernay, Sollieres, Thermig-
non, and Lans-le-Bourg, which warmly demanded
to be made French. Their demand has been ac-
ceded to. The fort of Lesseillon will be razed, and
the French territory will be extended to beyond
Lans-le-Bourg, at the beginning of the ascent of
Mont Cenis. But Piedmont will retain the defiles
and crest of the mountain, so that she' will have
complete possession of the key of her own door:
This puts an end to all the outry which pretended
that France might henceforwards sally into Italy
whenever it pleased her.
With reference to the compensation the French
Government is to pay the Italian kingdom, as the
proportional part to be borne by Savoy in the public
debt. Everything taken into account, France takes
on herself, for Savoy and Nice, 150,000,000 f., which
are to be paid to Piedmont without unloosing the
purse-strings, by the following combination :
By the 3d article of the treaty of Zurich, the
Cabinet of Turin was bound to pay to that of
Paris, in Five per Cent. Sardinian Stock, an
amount of 100,000,000 f., as an equivalent for
40,000,000 florins, which France was to hand over
to Austria on Piedmontese account, as the quota of
Lombardy in the Austrian debt. By Art. 4, the
Turin Cabinet bound itself to pay to the French
Government a further 60,000,000 f. in the same
stock, in reimbursement of the expenses and ad-
vances incurred by France during the last war.
These 160,000,000 f. in Sardinian Stock were ac-
tually handed over to the French treasury, which
still holds them, but will now-payoff the Sardinian
Government with its own money, by transferring
150,000,000 f. of the stock as the quota due to the
Public Debt from Savoy and Nice.

alfdaeoloar'n tlnhett.hl harbour,Go hvlh,:tahrne. d
hN,Vreahsaerflu Princesceedd the t
VALUABLE CARGO.—The Hudson's Bay Com-
Trevitt, which cleared
London, encountered a severe
from Victoria on theeoosv InFR3
sstueohacnyi
sigi
ie
03'un b'
adns
akybt the bark
Straitsn,P odrrtinagain
Royal has on board a cargo of furs and golddust belongino
to the Hudson's Bay Company valued at £250,080 sterlingk
or 1,20,000 dole., said to be ono of the most valuable car
goes ever on b and any one vessel in Puget Sound.—./In%
Townsend Register, March 21.
TILE MAID OF ALL WORK.—Few of our reader
may have a precise idea of the actual number of Maids-of-
all-W.rk in our country ; but all agree that it must be very
large. There are more classes of householders who employ
one domestic servant than of those who have even two;
and when we look above the ordinary kitchen pair—the
cook and housemaid—we find the number of employers
diminishing rapidly. The fact- I: that, at the date of the
last census, there were ten times as many maids of-all-
work as there were housemaids; nearly nine times as many
as there were cooks, and twenty times as many as there were
nursemaids—Miss H. MARTINEAU in Once-a- Week.

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