The Sun.
London, England, 1860-06-07 00:00:00

MISCELLANEOUS MAGAZINES.

The Church (f England „Monthly I?erictv is, as
usual, distinguished by a high order of litarary
abiEty and great liberality of opinion. It
opens with a very able and eloquently written
article on "The Crusades," which will repay perusal.
" Joan of Arc" is the title of a paper which
criticises two recent works on the career of the
Maid of Orleans. An essay on " The Mill on the
Fioss" pays a well-deserved tribute to the genius
of the author, and the high moral tone of the
book.— he Eclectic, though it contains lengthened
articles on the proposed " Revision of the Liturgy,"
and on" The Papacy," has also many subjects of
less controversial character and more general inte-
rest. Prominent among these are the conclusion
of Mr. Baldwin Brown's account of " The Great
Armada," and the first part of" A Sketch of Clare-
mont and the days of the Princess Charlotte," by
the accomplished authoress of " Mary Powell,"
and many other delightful works. An article
headed "By the River's Side," has some curious
information respecting the banks of Old Father
' Thatnes.—The Family Economist is a very excel-
lent cheap periodical for the household circle.
Without any striking characteristics, or peculiarly
distinctive features, it gives a variety of general
everyday information,pleasantly enlivened by tales,
sketches, poems, and miscellaneous paragraphs of
every description.—The Welcome Guest is more
smart and lively in its style, and aims rather at
entertaining its readers than at providing a useful
household iniscella.ny. It has seine good names
among its contributors, and will probably be found
very entertaining, by some classes of readers.—
Newton's London Journal of Arts and Sciences
has an introductory paper on "Artistic Copyright
Reform," and its customary list. of recent patents.
The reports at the Scientific Institutions give
some interesting summaries of the papers read at
the meetings.—The National ...11agazine has several
pleasing domestic stories and amusing sketches.
It has considerably improved under the new
management. The editor continues his Parlia-
mentary sketches, and gives a place in his gallery
of portraits to the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert.—
, Le Follet shows us its customary array of fashion-
able figures, and chronicles the various changes of
attire saitable for the season ; furnishing, besides,
all requisite information concerning matters of the
toilette.—Cassell's publications maintain their
usual character, giving a very fair degree of infor-
mation, or entertainment, for a very low price.
The Illustrated Family Bible seems likely to be an
admirable edition. The Ladies' Treasury, and
Cassell's Family Paper, are very good of their
kind, and we are glad to sec healthy and harmless
literature competing with the worthless proauc-
. liens that are so widely diffused at a very low
price.

THL9 _I) 41" S MARKETS.

THE LA2 E WILLIAM BUTTERWORT II
BAYLEY:

The grave has just closed over another—it might
almost be said the last—of those representatives of
the old school of Indian statesmanship who served
under the two Wellesleys at the dawn of the pre-
sent century, and rose through all the gradations
of the once famous Company's service to high sta-
tion and to high honour by their own successful
exertions. William Butterworth Bayley died last
week, full of years, at St. Leonard's. History may
not place him in the front rank with Metcalfe,
Elphinstone, Malcolm, and Munro ; but he was in
many respects a remarkable man, and as he supple-
mented his 30 years of Indian service by another
quarter of a century spent in the councils of Lead-
enhall-street, he was a truer type of the genuine
Company's servant than any one of the contempo-

rarics whom we have named.
A younger son of a Lancashire gentleman of
high character and position, William Butterworth
Bayley was educated at Eton, where he acquired a

large stock of classical learning, subsequently aug-
ment by a brief residence at Cambridge. These
studies, in which he dearly delighted, were broken
in upon by the announcement of an appointment to
the Indian Civil Service, at a time when such ap-
pointments were of substantial value ; and a few
weeks before the close of the last century he en-
tered upon his career of Indian service at Calcutta.
Lord Wellesley was at that time incubating his
darling project of the College of Fort William, and
in the course of the following year the institution
was established. Young Bayley was one of its
earliest and most distinguished alumni. He passed
out with great honour, and was one of the " boys "
selected by the Governor-General for the confiden-
tial duties of his own office, in one of the most
momentous epochs of our Indian history. He did
not, however, in that situation though brought
face to face with the stirring incidents of a great
political crisis, generate, as did some of his
associates, an ambitious desire to take part in the
strenuous activities of diplomacy, but chose the
judicial line of the public service and adhered to
it throughout all the earlier part of his cal e.sr.
In 1814 he was appointed to officiate as secretary
in the Revenue and Judicial Departments, in which
situation he was confirmed in the following year ;
and in 1819 he was nominated Chief Secretary to
the Supreme Government of India. In 1822, a
temporary vacancy occurring in the Supreme
Council, he was appointed to fill it, and in 1825 he
was permanently appointed a member of the Go-
vernment. Lord Amherst was then Governor-Ge-
neral of India. In March, 1828, that nobleman
embarked for England. Lord Wm. Benthiek had
been appointed his successor, but had not yet ar-
rived, so Mr. Bayley, as senior member of Council,
succeeded to the highest place in the Government
of India. He filled the office of Governor-General
for some months, and then resumed his scat as a
member of Council. In the autumn of 1830 Lord
William Bentinek quitted the Presidency on a tour
to the Upper Provinces, and then Mr. Bayley be-
came President of the Council and Deputy-Gover-
nor of Bengal. But his five years in Council had
now nearly expired, and on the Ilth of November
he ceased to be a member of the Government. In
the course of the following month he took ship and
sailed for England.
His career in India had bceu a distinguished and
a most useful, but it had not been an eventful one.
He had not been the hero of any of those exciting
episodes which have surrounded with an atmo-
sphere of romance the lives of Elphinstone and
Metcalfe. His work was not in the camp or at the
durbar ; it was almost exclusively in the bureau or
the cutcherry. His service was administrative
service of the most valuable kind, but not such as
affords materials to the biographer; and when he
returned to England, after 30 years of this service,
still in the prima of life, with an unbroken consti-
tution and an unimpaired capacity for work, his
ambition sought nothing higher than a seat in the
Council of that " Company of merchants trading to
the East Indies" which he had served with so much
fidelity and. zeal.
It is a striking proof of the high character which
he brought with him from India that he was re-
lieved from much of the drudgery of the canvass,
and obtained the coveted seat in the Direction two
years after his return from India. He then applied
himself assiduously to the duties of his office, gain-
ing a high reputation in the Leadenhall-street
Council, as a man of large general experience in
Indian affairs, a remarkably sound judgment•, and
of a temper which was seldom disturbed. Among
his colleagues he was always peculiarly popular.
Their affection was exalted by respect. They
loved the man, and they deferred to his opinions.
He was neither frequent nor fluent in debate, but a
few weighty, well-directed words frcm him often
determined a long.protracted.contest. In 1839 be
was Deputy-Chairman, and in the following year
Chairman of the Company ; and it is believed that
at more than one subsequent period the chair was
offered to him and declined, for he was essentially
of an unambitious nature, and he shrank from
public displays. He continued, however,' to take
an active part in the administration; and when, in
854, it was decreed that the Court of Directors

should select their worthiest members for conti-

nuance in office, and conjectural lists of those mem-
bers were made in anticipation of the event, the
name of Mr. Bayley was uniformly to be found at

the head of them as the man whom every one of
his colleagues was certain to select. But when, four
years afterwards, the East India Company were
deprived of their political powers, and another act,
of self election was decreed, Mr. 13aylty intimated
his intention of withdrawing altogether from
public life, it was time, indeed, for him to yetirc,
after 60 years of good service. The great Indian
mutiny had been a severe blow to him, and his
health had sensibly declined from the time of its
first outbreak. He looked with distrust upon the
new form of Government, and still more so upon the
new•school opinions which were making their way,
and said that it was time for him to be gone. His
great natural vigour, however, was not easily sub-
dued, and he lingered until the 29th of May, 1860,
retaining his intellectual faculties, and the sweet-
ness of disposition for which he was so distin-
guished, to the last.
He was a model of a " Company's servant," as
Company's servants were in their best days. In
that sense ho was a " representative man," and
there are few of his class not proud to be so repre-
sented—not because his name is associated with any
lustrous exploits, but because he was a useful public
servant, an honourable gentleman, and altogether r.
fine specimen of manhood. Had he been of a more
ambitious temper he might have done more for
himself, but probably in that case he would have
done less for India; for it is not by individual effort
of wisdom or heroism that England has reared th
great fabric of her Indian empire, and must hope
to maintain it, but by sending forth a constant sue
cession of high-principled English gentlemen, cor
tent to labour quietly and obscurely, and to cor
tribute their unappreciated share to the great sul
total of good government. The " Company's sel
vice" is now extinct; a new system is on its tria'
but whatever may be the result of the experimen •
whatever the character and career of the new rat
of Indian statesmen, history will not refuse to honot
the memory of those public servants, the growth
an exclusive system, who sought no higher distini
tion than that of being accounted worthy exempla
in their generation of the genuine " Kampani-k,
nuokur.

AID TO GARIBALDI.—A meeting, called by ci
eular, was held at Edinburgh on Tuesday, .4 to consid
the propriety of commencing a subscription in aid of Gal
baldi and the Italians." Mr. Moseman, Dean of Gni)
presided. The following resolution, drawn out by Mr. Du
can I\l'Laren, was proposed and seconded :—" That IL
meeting deeply sympathises with the inhabitants of Sici
in their efforts to free themselves from the cruel oppressif
to which they have been so long subjected, and resolve
open a subscription in testimony of their sympathy, and
remit the amount of the same to the patriot Garibalc
through the London committee, with the least possible d,lay." Mr. Richardson proposed the omission of the wor,
" through the London committee," on the ground that
was desirable not to merge Scotland with England in t)
matter, but to show the people of Sicily that Scotland, as
nation that had herself struggled for freedom, sympathis
with their exertions to throw off the tyrant's yoke. (3%
ral of the speakers expressed anxiety to keep their vrocee,
ings unchallenged as regards legality in point of intern
tional law ; but the statements that had been made in P'
liament by Ministers, and the steps that had been tak
elsewhere, were held as fully warranting the resolution:
committee was appointed to institute a public sub.-;cripti,)
Kid the blll.ll of 4..3.; WB6 6ubz•cribed at t e table.

P.IRLI.I.IIEATTARY COMMITTEES.

EMBANKMENT OF THE THAMES.

Thi) committee appointed to consider the best
means of providing for the increasing traffic of the
metropolis by the embankment of the Thames met
on Tuesday, Sir Joseph Paxton in the chair. The
other memb2rs present were the Hon. W. Cowper,
Sir J. Pakingtan, Lord J. Manners, Mr. Beamish,
Mr. Walter, Lord R. Montague, Mr. Phillips, Mr.
Roupell, Mr. Tite, Sir M. Peto, Mr. Alderman
Cubitt. and Mr. Stirling.
Mr. Thwaites, the chairman of the Metropolitan
Board of Works, was the first witness examined.—
He said the board were engaged in carrying out an
extensive scheme for the drainage of the metro-
polis. Contracts had been let for the high level
sewer from Hampstead to the River Lea, at Old
Ford, at £152,430 ; for the southern high level,
from Clapham Common and Dulwich to Deptford,
the contract was £217,000 ; for the southern outfall
sewer, from Deptford to Crossness Point, the con-
tract was £303,000 ; for the middle level sewer,
from Kensal green to Oid Ford, the amount was
£264,533 ; for the Acton branch to Notting-hill,
£8,850; making a total of £942,813. Contracts were
about to be I t for the northern branch of the low level
sewer, on the south side of the Thames, at an esti-
mate of £60,000; for the Ranelagh storm overflow
across Hyde Park, at £23,000; for the sewer of the
western dilision, at £55,000; for the main outfall
sewer north of the Thames, from the River Lea to
Barking Creek, at £464,000 ; for a low lovel sewer
south of the Thames, at £152,000, for the reser-
voirs north and south of the Thames, at £240,000 ;
and for the low level sewer north of the Thames,
at £221,000. It was proposed to carry the last-
mentioned sewer from the Ranelagh sewer to
Grosvenor-row, Queen's-row, Chelsea, along Queen-
street, and Belgrave-place, and Victoria-street to
Charing cross, thence along the Strand, Fleet-
street, Crescent-place, Great and Little Carter-
lanes, Cannon-street, Eastcheap, and Tower-hill to
Brook-street, along the Commercial-road to Three.
Mills-lane, under the River Lea at Abbey Mills
While these extensive works were being carried on,
the traffic of the main streets would necessarily be
considerably interfered with. Did not think the
works would endanger St, Paul's or. Somerset
House, although there might be some danger in
carrying a sewer through a narrow street.
The Chairman—What steps have the board taken
towards providing new thoroughfares for the traffic?
Mr. Thwaites—We have three streets in the
course of formation; one from Covent-garden; one
in Southwark, from the end of High-street to
Blackfriars-bridge, and one as an approach to Vic-
toria Park. Most of the northern traffic from the
railway station at London-bridge will pass along
the road on the Southwark side, instead of by way
of London-bridge and Cheapside. The traffic along
Fleet-street and the Strand will not be so much
relieved as that through Cheapside, inasmuch as a
large portion of it will cross Blackfriars-bridge.
The board have had a rough estimate of the cost of
widening the Poultry. The amount of the esti-
mate is about £643,000. The street is very short,
and very little return would be given for the out-
lay. A roadway over the new low level
sewer would not at all impede its utility, and
it might be taken along the side of the Thames
without interfering with the bridges. If Hunger-
ford-market is to become a railway station a
larger area will be required, and the ground
saved from the sewer, if the Thames be em-
banked, would afford facilities for increased ac-
commodation. The mud banks in the river are
a source of great inconvenience, and would
be removed in the event of an embank-
ment being carried out. Our jurisdiction extends
only to the banks of the Thames. The jurisdiction
in the bed of the river is exercised by the conser-
vators. The attention of the board has been
directed to the desirability of constructing the
low level sewer along the foreshore of the river,
and the question was referred to a commission, who
communicated with the Thames Conservancy Board,
who approve of the proposition for embanking the
Thames, and state that they will at the proper time
consider whether the value of the reclaimed land
might not be applied to the cost of the improve-
ment. For our main drainage scheme we raise
annually £150,535 13s. 9d., and for the ordinary
current expenses of the board £132,087 18s. 4a.
The term provided by the act for levying the main
drainage rate is 40 years, but we think it will not
be necessary for more than 30 years. The metro-
polis contributes very largely to the taxation of
the country. The value of the property assessed
under schedule A is £22,385,350, whilst the sum for
the rest of the kingdom is £127,994,288. Under
schedule D the metropolis shows £37,871,644
against £89,198,950. The gross estimated rental
of the property of the metropolis assessed to the
poor rates is £16,157,320 against £86,077,676, as
against the rest of the kingdom. The amount col-
lected by the Customs far the whole kingdom is
£24,155,852, of which £12,332,061 is collected in
the metropolis.
The Chairman—Can you state what public works
have been executed in the metropolis, during the
last 20 years, at the cost of the Imperial Exche-
quer ?
Mr. Thwaites—For Battersea Park, £106,902;
Chelsea Bridge, £29,500; Vauxhall and Battersea
Bridges, £130,753; entrance to St. James's-park
from £4,500; bridge in St. James's Park,
£3,500; Pimlico improvements, £27,810; West-
minster Bridge, £174,429; approaches thereto,
£46,000. I think that a portion of the coal duties
might be properly applied towards defraying the
cost of the proposed embankments.
Sir J. Pakington wished to know how these
questions bore upon the subject which had been re-
ferred to the committee ?
The Chairman replied that he was endeavouring
to ascertain the manner in which the cost of the
proposed works could be raised.
Sir J. Pakington would submit to the judgment
of the chairman, but said it had been the practice
of late years to introduce into parliamentary com-
mittees a great amount of superflous evidence, and
he thought they were now embarking in that
course.

Examination continued.—Did not think it im-
proper to extend the coal tax over a given area, in-

asmuch as many persons who ought to contribute
to metropolitan improvements reside at a distance
from town, and could not be reached in any other
way. A tax on hackney carriages in the metropo-
lis amounted in 1859 to £80,368, that tax ought to
be applied to the metropolitan improvements.
The Chairman.—Would your board undertake
such a work as the embankment of the Thames
without any other resources for defraying the cost
than you have at the present moment ?
Mr. Thwaites.--Certainly not. Something ought
to be contributed out of the Consolidated Fund.
The cost of embankinc, both sides of the Thames
has been estimated ae't 12,000,000; and if the
Board of Works contributed £20,000, the Conso-
lidated Fund £50,000, and the Hackney-carriago
tax £BO,OOO per annum, the whole cost would be

defrayed in 22 years.
Mr. Cowper.—Are you prepared to give the
committee any details as to the manner in which
the proposed sewer is likely to affect St. Paul's ?
Mr. Thwaites.—The sewer will be some dis-
tance from St. Paul's. It was not proposed to
take it through St. Paul's Churchyard, but 200
or 300 feet to the south. The complaints of the
inadequate accommodation for the traffic were
now so great that it was absolutely necessary to
form a new road, either from Cheapside to the
West, or along the foreshore of the river.
_Mr. Cowper inquired where the funds were to
come from for constructing the new street?
Mr. Thwaites thought it fair to assume that it

would be paid out of the metropolitan rates, and he
had suggested that a portion of the funds should
come out of the coil dues. The Board of Works
had power to levy rates for the construction of new
streets, but he thought the local board of manage-
ment would not be able to raise a rate for this pur-
pose on account of the extremely. heavy taxation of
the metropolis. The amount of taxation necessary
to provide funds for the embankment of the Thames
would be greater than the people would endure,
and there would soon be a rebellion on the part of
the ratepayers against the rates. At present seve-
ral of the metropolitan boroughs were taxed to the
extent of 7s. Gd. in the pound, and they were in one
case 14s. Gd. in the pound this very year.
By Mr. Cowper—The inhabitants of Hertford
contribute towards some of the taxes, and witness
did not consider that a hardship on account of the
facilities given to it for the sale of its produce.
By Lord R. Montague—The formation of an
embankment on the sides of the river would get rid
of the present mud bank, and greatly increase the
scour. The streets which the Board of Works con-
templated in order to relieve the traffic of the
metropolis would cost £610,000, towards which the
Government contributed £90,000, and the Duke of
Bedford £15,000. The rest would be defrayed by
the ratepayers out of the rates. In Paris there was
a tax on carriages to defray the cost of improve-
ments. The two great advantages to be deprived
from the proposed embankment would be—first, a
better line for the lower level sewer ; and next, a
means for relieving the traffic. It would be imma-
terial whether the embankments were solid or car-
ried on arehes, provided that the sewers were pro-
perly protected.
Mr. Waiter—Have you any means of ascertain..
ing the amount of traffic which now passes from
Charing-cross to Cannon-street ?
Thwaites—We have taken no steps to ascer-
tain ; but there is .no doubt that it is enormous.
It is altogether incompatible with the comfort of
the inhabitants, and as the existing thoroughfares
provide np adequate accommodation, some remedy

must be speedily applied. In some places the '
police are constantly stationed, in order to regulate
the order in which vehicles shall pass. It au em-
bankment be decided upon I apprehend it would
be necessary to open a roadway at on from the
Mansion•house, in order that the traffic through
Chcapside might be relieved, It would also be
necessary, before the traffic by way of the new road
in Southwark could find its way o the City by
Blackfriars-Bridge, it should be rebuilt or much
improved. A great portion of the traffic would,
however, pass down Stamford-street, and use
Waterloo-bridge. The Board of Works are anxious,
if they can see their way clearly, to purchase the
tall there, and throw the bridge open to the public.
By Sir J. Pakington—The price asked for the
tolls is £600,000. _ _

Captain Veitch, engineer to the Board of Admi-
ralty, was then examined, and gave a detailed state-
ment of a plan which he had prepared some years
ago for the embankment of the Thames.
The committee then adjourned.