The Sun.
London, England, 1869-12-06 00:00:00

COURSE OF EXCHANGE.

Amsterdam Short ... 11 18 ... 11 18
Do
Rotterdam — ... 12 1 ... 12 1
Antwerp — ... 25 35 ... 25 40
Brussels — ... 25 35 ... 25 40
Hamburg h - ••• 13 10 ... 13 101
Paris qhort ... 25 121 ... 25 224
Ditto .........3 Ms. ... 25 32k ... 25 37k
Marseilles -.— 25 37k-
Frankfort-on-the-Main ... 1201 ... 1.201
Vienna — ... 12 65 ... 12 70
Trieste — ... 12 65 ... 12 70
Petersburg
Copenhagen .
... ~ 9 14 ... 9 16
Berlin
Madrid.. - • 48i ... 481
Cadiz — ... 42 ... 49
Leghorn
Milan — ... 26 f,5 ... 26 95
Genoa — ... 26 85 ... 26 95
Naples
Palermo — ... 26 85 ... 26 95
Messina
Lisbon ... 5.11 .. 52
Oporto — ... 511 ... 52
Rio Janeiro
New York .-....

"Gentlemen of the Institute, and Fellow Architects,— I
The two Conventions already held had less of the cherac-
ter of Conventions than of actual business meetings. They 1 ,
wore but experiments with a new order of things. It has
been our desire that this Convention should be something
more than a business meeting, and should assume impor-
tance as a National Convention of Architects. To this and
we have invited every practical architect of the United
States to meet here and consult with us °vet measures
for the common good. For, if the institute is to be re-
spectedby the community and to wield an influence, it
must represent the opinions of the best-disposed men of the
whole profession. To those, therefore, who have chosen i
to accept our invitation, I extend a cordial welcome. To
you, gentlemen, and the members generally, I shall say
that I congratulate you all upon the return of this event,
and earnestly hope that it may result in much good to the
profession generally and to the community with which it
is in relations of mutual support. The speaker then pro-
ceeded to offer suggestions bearing upon these relations, and
said that to consider the past,to provide for the proseut,and
to order for the future, wore the principal objects of the
meeting. He concluded as follows :—Our doings in the past
are now a part of our history, and I think that we have oc-
casion to be proud of our record. Here in new York a most
important work has been begun. The New York Chapter
has formed the nuclees,and valuable engravings,drawings,
and photographs have been collected by it. An opportu-
nity has been and is now open to any ono in or out of the
profession to add to the collection, end to fnrther the on-
ward course of that enterprising branch of our organiza-
tion. The New York Chapter hes shown the architects
of all other towns and cities the way of establishing simi-
lar Chapters of the Institute throughout the country, all of
which will be held together by a common bond of up:.„ in
the American Institute of Architects. We have_ all, during
the past year, added more or less to the '"umber of archi-
tectural works that we have given tb the world. Have the
additions been evident imprtr;ereente on our former works?
If so, then our efforts have not been in vain, and our
studies have resulted in progress. Much has been said by
historians concerning the 'dark ages' that for a time pre-
vailed in Europe. 1 would that the reflection only of such
darkness could but throw its rays over our era of boasted
light. I would that we might be guided by them in our
endeavours to reproduce some of the works of those times.
It might then be seen that we are not destitute of the qua-
lities of men who have left on record in the pursuit of
languages written in stone works which testify to
lives of truth and of earnest vital power—lives which,
if lived over again, wool I be destined to reproduce
I.
upon a greater area works of a like character, truly
elevating and ennobling to the present age. Had we not
been favoured by the reflection of such miscalled dark-
-1 tress, our present condition would have been darkness in-
Ideed. But, happily, we have been led to search for truo
light in what the world popularly calls darkness, and to
investigate, in our rambles among the beauteous and won-
drous combinations of art, the treasures bequeathed to us
by our predecessors. Let us, therefore, be diligent in our
scorch for truth ; let us strive to accumulate, by every
means possible, and with untiring energy, that knowledge
which will give us the power to bequeath to future genera-
tions works the contemplation of which will endow them
with such wisdom, such strength, and such clearness of
perception, as will enable them everywhere to know the
good from the bad, the false from the true, and the de-
formed from the beautiful." President Upjohn was followed
by Mr. Russell Sturgis, jun., who read the annual report
of Board of Trustees. The Board recommended that the
initiation fee of the Society, which is now $5O, be reduced,
as it is in some cases a serious bar to increase of member-
ship, but that the annual tax, which is needed for the pur-
poses of tho Society, remain the same. A plain certi-
ficate of membership, to be renewed annually, was sug-
gested in place of the ornate diploma customary in
such societies. The schedule of authorised prices for

architectural work was described us incomplete, and

needing revision. The present, number of Fellows of the
Institute was given as 49 ; associate members, 16 ; and
honorary members, 29. The Treasurer reported a hand-
.

some balance in the treasury is favour of the Society. By
the Committee on Examinations during the past year 49
buildings have been reported unsafe after examination,
and have been at their instigation repaired or Wien
down. The Committee ou Education reported the plan

of a great Central School of Aechitecture to he imprac-
ticable, and recommended local schools of less extent, and
submitted a general plan for their orgauizatiou. The
Committee on Publications reported that the proceedings
of the Society had been printed in pamphlet form, also a
valuable paper on " The Architectural and other Societies
of Europe," by A. J. Bloor, Fellow ; and one on "The
Unity of Architectural Styles," by E.L. Little, Fellow. An
essay entitled " Remarks on Fire-proof Construction," by
P. 13. Wight, Fellow, was still in hand for publication. A
contract for ono year had been made with Weston and
Co., publishers of The Engineering and Mining Journal, to
publish past and present papers read before the Institute.
A report was presented from the Chapter in Philadelphia,
also from the New York Chapter—the latter showing that
a good library was in process of formation, and that many
proofs of sympathy had been received from the enlight-
ened portion of the community, and that a vast increase of
, interest had been manifested by larger attendance at the
meetings during the year."
On the conclusion of business, the members of
the Institute, representatives of the Press, and
other visitors partook of an elegant supper, and
passed some time in examining the works of art in
the Society's rooms.
The next day the Convention resumed session,
with R. M. Hunt in the chair. A large number of
architects and visitors were present, and the meet-
ing opened with the reading of a paper on the
"Theory, Functions, and Uses of Chimneys," by
Adolph Cluss, of Washington, D.C., showing the
best modes of construction. He pointed out that
ancient civilization, to which architecture is so
much indebted, prospered in warm climates, where
fires in the apartments were seldom necessary.
History failed to record the inventor of chimneys,
or to define where they were first used. The pri-
mitive elements are found in the conical smoke
tunnels ascending through the thick walls of castles
of the Anglo-Saxon period in England, from which it
is not difficult to trace the transition to the common
chimney, of which the first authentic record is
found in the twelfth century in France, in the
fourteenth century in Italy, and in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth in England. Mr. Richard Up-
john, the architect of Trinity Church, read a paper
on " The Colonial Architecture of New York and
the New England States."
"He said that the progress of architecture was trace-
able in the older works erected before the Revolution.
He referred to the few colonial buildings which remain as
showing with what care they were built, notwithstanding
the very limited development of the country at that time,
and were a striking evidence of the taste and skill then
prevalent The mostancient of them are those erected in the
Dutch colonies, and are to be found in New York, New
Jercey, and Pennsylvania. One of the most prominent of
these is the North Dutch Church in Fulton-street, which
has been demolished during the past year; also the
South Dutch Church, now the Post-office, the old Trinity,
thrice rebuilt, and St. Paul's. Of domestic buildings none
are left in New York in their original condition. There
are several, however, in Brooklyu. Probably the eldest
house now standing in the United States may still be seen
in South Brooklyn,om Third-avenue, near Greenwood
Cemetery, with the date 1,666 in wrought-iron figures
forming the anchor-houds on the outside. Ho spoke of
old buildings in the New England States, of the residence
of the Governors of Now York, the Livingston M anor
House on the Hudson, and many other houses of note,
closing with an exhortation to follow up the know-
ledge of, and skill acquired in, architecture, and they
should certainly succeed. Mr. R. G. Hatfield read the
last paper, which was on Elementary Training of the
Architect,' and enforced on the young student in archi-
tecture the necessity of severe appliance to the art which
he had chosen for his work through life, and careful re-
search into its primal principles. At te conclusion of
the reading the meeting took a recess fur half an hour,
partaking in the meantime of an elegant repast. On re-
suming session the following resolutions were passed:
'Resolved, That the Board of Trustees bs, directed to me-
morialise the Legislature of the State of New York to pass
a bill transferring to the New i ork A.I.A. all the powers,
under the "law in relation to unsafe buildings." now
delegated to the American Institute of Architects.' The
following officers were elected for the yam. 1869-1870
—President. Richard Upjohn ; Vico-President, ex officio,
Richard M. Hunt; Treasurer, EL G. Hatfield; Secre-
tary, 'l'. B. Wright; Corresponding Secretary, William
If. Ware ; Librarian Alfred J. Bloor ; Board of Trustees,
Richard Upjohn R. G. Hatfield, T. D. Hatch, Jag. Ren-
wick, Henry Dudley, George B. Post. Standing Commit -
tees: Committee on Examinations, Richard Upjohn,
James Renwick, 14 G. Hatfield, Detlef Liernan, Henry
Dudley ; Committee on Education, E. T. Littell, William
R. Ware, John Davis Hatch, George W. Hewitt, J. 0.
Cady; Committee on Library and Publications, Richard
M. Hunt, Emlen T. Limit, P. B. Wright, H. W. Hartwell,
A. J. Bloor. After the election on the meetlng, took a recess
until 8 p.m., when E. L. Godkin, E:q., editor of the Na-
lion, delivered the closing address, and the meeting ad-
I journed sine die.

continuous and gradual increase of vagrancy
within the Union was such as to excite very natu-
ral alarm, and a strong feeling that the laws relat-
ing to the relief of the casual poor within the
metropolis are demoralising and mischievous in
their operation, and they looked upon such a sys-
tem of relief as tending to foster and encourage
pauperism. The statement then went on to say

that the number of vagrants relieved in the Union,
had increased from 5,411 in 1864 to 20,343 in 1869,
the greater number of whom were habitual vag-

rants, and suggested that legislation upon the

question of vagrancy is immeliately and impera-
tively demanded ; that the administration of relief,

the arrangements and maintenance of homeless
poor wards, the dietary, and the enforcement of the
task walk shouid, in the metre .olis at least, be

strictly uniform ; that measures shoilla be adopted
for the reclamation, by detenti:on or removal, as
each case may warrant, of the young especially,
who, destitute in this great metropolis, seek shelter
in its casual war' ,s, and who have not yet sunk, but
are in dani„'",:r of sinking, into hopeless pauperism
and efane and that habitual vagrancy should be
'made penal. The report of the committee of the
Maryleboue Board of Guardians, read yesterday,
on this document stated that from inquiries made
by them they found that the number of admissions
to the casual wards of St. Marylebone Work-
house since the 29th of September, 1864, the date
at which the Metropolitan Poor Act came into
operation, had been as follows :—Half-year to
Lady-day, 1865, 4,7-19 ; half-year to Michaelmas,
1865, 10,676; to Lady-day, 1866, 19,322; to
Michaelmas, 1866, 10,012 ; to Lady-day, 1867,
11,183; to Michaelmas, 1867, 10,620; to Lady-
day, 1868, 7,775; to Michaelmas, 1868, 11,426;
to Lady-day, 1869, 10,407 ; and to Michaelmas,
1869, 11,418. Daring this period 1,863 casuals
hal been turned away for want of room. With
regard to variations in the foregoing numbers, the
committee believed that the increase at the com-
mencement arose from the closing of the nightly
refuges consequent upon a legal provision
being made by the several parishes and
union; and from the non-employment, up to the
21st of February, 1866, of the police as assis-
tant relieving officers for vagrants. Immediately
on the employment of the police the numbers
fell, as shown, from 19,322 in the half-year end-
ing Lady-day, to 10,012 in the half-year endiog
Michaelmas, 1866; and since that period (wi:l the
exception of one half-year) there had been no mate-
rial deviation. The accommodation at St. Maryle-
bone Workhouse is for 75 males and 40 females
and 20 children. From a Parliamentary return the
committee find that the average number admitted
nightly to the houseless poor wards throughout the
whole metropolis was, in the month of January,
1868 :—Males, 940 ; females, 271 ; children, 62 ;

and that there is accommodation in the existing

wardsuf the metropolis for 1,539 males, 974 fem.des,
and 32 children; total, 2,54. Although the commit-
tee (lid not find either in Marylebane or throngh(,ut
London such a large increase as appeared in the ad-
missions to the casual wards of the Whitechanel
Union, yet from the worthless character and the re-
current admission of many of the persons frequenting
the caimal wards, the committee concurred with the
Guardians of Whit chapel in considering that fur-
ther legislation is required, so that habitual vag-
rancy may be made a penal offence ; that the chil-
dren of habitual vagrants on convic: iou should be
sent to reformatories or industrial schools, and a
uniformity insured in the mode of admission to the
wards, in the dietary, and in the task-work re-
quired before leaving. The committee believe that
from the experience gained in that parish that the
regular exaction of a labour test, and the mainte-
nance of strict discipline will tend greatly to dis-
courage vagrancy.
Mr. TAVENER, in moving the adoption of the
report, remarked that it was high time the Legisla-
ture should revise what they had done, no doubt
with the best intentions, but which had been taken
every advantage of by lazy, idle vagabonds, who
never meant to work, but who were determined to
live upon society.
Mr. GALSWORTIIY seconded the motion ; and
Messrs. HARLOWE, BOTTING, and other members
of the Board expressed their high satisfaction at
the statistics which the report contained with re-
spect to Maryleboue.
Mr. VEREY advocated, not only uniformity with
regard to labour and discipline, but also unifor-
mity of provision to be supplied to casuals through-
out the country, and the motion was then put and
carried.
Mr. GALSWOItTHY then moved that the report be
forwarded to the Poor-law Board ; that they be
requested to receive a deputation from the Maryle-
bone Guardians on the subject; and that the other
guardians of the metropolis be requested to join
such deputation.
The motion was seconded, and reference was
made to a report which had been made by Mr.
Douglas, the master of the workhouse, strongly
bearing on the pints raised in the report of the
committee, that during the past week 13 refractory
casuals had been sent to prison for refusing to work
after receiving relief.
L The motion was seconded and carried 77C111. con.,
and the Board soon after adjourned.

BREA RFAST.- EPPS'S COCOA.- GRATEFUL AND COM-.

FORTING.—Tho very agreeable character of this prepara-
tion has rendered it a general favourite. The Civil Service
Gazette remarks :—" The singular success which Mr. Epps
attained by his hommopathic preparation of cocoa has
never been surpassed by any experimentalist. By a
thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the
operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful ap-
plication of the fine properties of well- selected cocoa, Mr.
Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately
flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doc-
tors' bills." Made simply with boiling water or milk.
Sold only in tin-lined packets, labelled JAMES Errs and
Co homoeopathic Chemists, London.

•
[ADVERTISEMENT. I - Consumption, and all nervous,
bilious, stomach, and liver complaints in every eta,..:e are only
aggravated and accelerated by drugs of eve, y description, but
perfe.tly curable by DU BARRY'S health-restoring Revalenta
Arabic& Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been
considered hopeless; such as indigestion (dyspepsia), cough,
asthma, consumption, h ,bitual constipation, diarrheas, all gastric
derangements, haemorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, ner-
vousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throat, diphtheria, catarrhs,
colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout,
impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleepless-
ness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, headache, debility, cramps,
spasms, nausea and sickness even in pregnancy or at sea, sink-
' hag tits, bronchitis, scrofula, ti htness of the chest, pains at the
pit of the stomach, and between the shoulders, &e. We quote a
few: -The Pope's health restored by Du liarry's Food. Cure No.
63,413 -"Roma, July 21, 1866. The health of the Holy Father is
excellent, especially since, abandoning all other remedies, he has
confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food,
of which he consumes a plateful at every mast. It has produced
a surprisingly beneficial effect on his health, and his Holiness
cannot praise this excellent food too highly."--Frora the Gazette
du Midi, July 2 Cure No- 48, i7O. Mr. James Roberts, timber
merchant, of Fernley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs,
spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. - Cure
N 0.1,771. Lord Stuart do Decios, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford,
of many years' dyspepsia. -No. 40,83 . "Fifty years' indescrib-
able agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, eon
stipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting. Al aria
Jolly " Important Caution.—Beware of the many unsavoury
and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority
Baron Liebiz's name is most audaciously attached.
In tins, at ls lid ; Ilb 2s thl; Ms 4s 6d 5 lbs Us; 12 lbs 225:
24 lbs 405.-Also Du BARRY'S BRVALENTA. _RICA CLIOCOLATS
POWDER is packed in tin canisters: for 12 cups at 'is, for • cups
at :ts 6d, for 48 c ups at Cs, for 288 cups at 30s, for 576 cups at 555
—being about ono penny per cup. The 3,is and Ste tins are sent
free of carriage in England on receipt of Post-Offi nazier.—
BARRY Do BARRY and Co., No. 77 Regent street, Lo; and
all Grocers and Chemists

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI,
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. WEBSTER.

THIS EVENING, at 7 o'clock. THE LONG STRIKE : Mr
Benjamin Webster: Messrs A. Stirling, G. Belmore, J. G. Taylor,
W. Rignold, Miss Furtado, &c.
To conclude with LOST AT SEA : Mr G. Edmore, Mr A .
Stirling., Mr Atkins, Mr Beveredge, Mr C. H. Stephenson. Miss
Rosa Leolercq, Miss Eliza Johnstone. Mrs. Leigh Murray
Box-office open daily, from 10 till 5. No fees for booking.
Places can be secured a fortnight in advance.

HOLBORN THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole Lessee and Manager, BARRY SULLIVAN.
THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, STATE SECRETS: Mr
George Honey.
At 7.45, Lord Lytton's celebrated Play of TILE LADY OF
LYONS: Barry Sullivan; Messrs. W. H. Stephens, Lin Rayne,
Charles Flomman, Evans, Lunt, Arc.; Mrs. Hermann Vez in
Mrs C. Horsman &e.
To conclude with THE LO rTERY TICKET.
On Thursday and Friday (for the 3:st and 32nd times) Moore's
Tragedy of THE GAM,. STER.
On Saturday next the celebrated Play, in 5 acts, of LOVE'S
SACRIFICE.

GLOBE THEATRE-ROYAL.
Proprietor, Mr. Sefton Parry.
Immense success of Mr. H J. BYRON,
THIS EVENING, at 7, A HOUSEHOLD FAIRY. Mr Henry
Neville, Miss Lydia Foote.
At 7..5, NOT SUCH A FOOL AS HE LOOKS: Sir Simon
Simple. by Mr. H. J. Byron. Messrs. J. Clarke, Parselle,
Mesdames Hughes, Berend, and Stephens.
To conclude with THE GOOSE WITH THE GOLDEN
EGGS: Mr J. Clarke and Mrs Stephens.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. Benjamin Webster.
THIS EVENING, at 7, TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING :
Messrs Ashley. D. Leeson, and Misses %Tarim and Nelly Harris.
At 7.45, WY BL AS: Mr. Fechter ; Messrs H. Marston, D
Leeson, a sbley, Travers, Eburne, Romer; Mesdames C. Le-
clercq, M. Bremer, Addie, &c.

OYAL STRAND THEATRE.
I Sole Lessee and Manageress, Mrs Swanborongh.
TIIIS EVENING, at 7.30, AMONG THE BREAKERS: Mr
Clarke.

Followed by THE TODDLES: Mr Clarke.
After which, INO; '-Messrs Thorne, James, Fenton, Turner
Mesdames Sheridan, Newton, Maitland, &e.
To conclude with THE CHOPS OF THE CHANNEL

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THEATRE-ROYAL DRURY- L ANE.
ole Lessee and Manager, Mr. F. B. Chatterton.
THIS EVENING, at 7, BELLES OF THE KITCHEN. At 8,
FORMOSA : Messrs. Barrett, Ii Irving, David Fisher, Brittain,
Wright, John Rouse; Mrs Billington, Misses M. Brennan, Mac-
donald. and Katharine Rodgers. Conclude with BORROWED
PLUMES

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Tim EVENING, at 7 o'clock, FAMILY JARS. After which,
NEW MEN AND OLD ACRES: Mr Buckatone. Concluding
with A DAUGHTER TO MARRY.