The Sun.
London, England, 1856-01-04 00:00:00

THE SIIN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 4, 1856

THE RUSSIAN MINISTER, COUNT NES-

SELhODE.

Seven cities contended for the honour of having given
birth to Homer, and four nations, it is said, might
lay claim to the veteran diplomatist of St. Peters.
burg. Count Nesselrode was born in 1770, of German
parents in the service of Russia, on board an Eng-
lish ship in sight of Lisbon, where for some time
his father discharged the functions of an Ambassa-
dor. He was descended from an ancient Hanoverian
family, a branch of which had settled in Livonia. His
father, while at one time acting as the representative of
the Empress Catherine IL at the Court of the Dukes
of Wurtemberg, had the good fortune to negotiate the
marriage of the Grand Duke Paul with a princess of
the ducal family ; and it is to this circumstance espe-
cially that the Nesselrodes owe the Imperial favour
enjoyed under successive reigns, and continued to
them, at the instance of the Empress Mother, by
the late Czar Nicholas, even when his policy,
in regard to Western Europe, was opposed to that of his
predecessor Alexander.
Livonia is one of those provinces of the vast Russian
empire, which, from their historical traditions, their cus-
toms and tendencies, have more of the German than Mus-
covite character. When, after the reign of Peter the Great,
the spirit of foreign civilisation began its struggle with the
barbarism of ancient Russia, the Livonian gentlemen
played an important part at court. Not sufficiently Ger-
man to be completely estranged from Russian interests,
nor sufficiently Russian to join in the discontent of the
Muscovites against the successors of the great Czar, the
Emperors song ht their support, and endeavoured to attach
them to themselves either in the army or the administra-
tion The young Nesselrode has had his share of Imperial
benefactions. He studied first at St. Petersburg, at the
college of the Gardes.Nobles, and entered the service on
the death of Catherine. He received an officer's
commission in the Guards of the Emperor Paul, and
was soon appointed one of his aides-de-camp by that
prince ; but at the close of a few years he quitted the
army to follow his father's career.
Europe was now heaving with commotion ; the na-
tions were looking to France, and in the thunders of her
revolutions expected the advent of some new law of
liberty and brotherhood ; kings trembled for their scep-
tres ; and the dogs of war let loose were hounded
on alike by fear, ambition, and frenzied enthu-
siasm. The Czar, alarmed by this successful promul-
gation of popular principles, arrayed himself in league
against the new republic, and marched his troops to the
sunny south across the glaciers of Switzerland, thus for
the first time retreading the path of the Scythian hordes,
and kindling the imagination of his soldiers with dreams
of conquest, as they carried back to their cold and
barren steppes remembrances of the rich cities and
luxuriant plains of Italy. Tite divisions of the Cabinets
of St. Petersburg and Vienna frustrated, however,
the hopes of the coalition. Gradually the violent
hatred which Paul had conceived against the revolution
changed into profound admiration for the man whose
genius directed the destinies of France. Peace was not
only concluded, but intimate relations were established
between the Russian and French Cabinets. Markoff
was sent to Paris in the capacity of Ambassador, and
Count Nesselrode, who had been previously employed by
the Government, was attached to this embassy. His at-
tention was principally occupied by the negotiations that
were set on foot to secure the armed neutrality of the
north, and that ultimately provoked the naval battle of
Copenhagen. At this period Nesselrodo was in the
flower of his age, and with all the ardour of youth
threw himself into the pleasures and amusements of the
Court. Paris, under the vigorous administration of the
First Consul, rejoicing in a new life, and gay as a spring
morning after blustering storms, was the scene of inces-
sant and splendid festivities. Paul, true to the dreams
of his imperial ancestors, plotted with Napoleon the in-
vasion of India ; the one was to pour his Cossacks and
his Tartars down the Affghanistan defiles, the other to
disembark in the Persian Gulf, and retrace the steps of
the conquering Macedonian. These visions were sud-
denly dissipated by the death of the Czar, who, after the
manner of Russian sovereigns, was strangled by his
nobles.

STATE OF TRADE.

MANCHESTER, JAN. 3.

We have had more activity than on any previous day
this week, but the influence of the holidays on business
is still felt ; and, in addition to this, less satisfactory
news from India and China than has been expected has
increased the general dulness. Inquiries for cloths suited
both to the Calcutta market and to China have been
made, but have not led to much business, because ac-
companied with the offer of lower prices, which sellers
are not disposed to accept. In yarns the market has also
been quiet, but without change of prices. There has
been a fair inquiry from the Greeks for the extra-hard
twist suited to the Mediterranean markets, which has
led to business. For Ind .a, there have boon offers, but
they have not led to operations worth naming.
Messrs. John Slagg and Co. report :
" Owing principally to the holydays the market has
been exceedingly quiet during the last 10 or 14 days.
The India and China accounts to hand yesterday are
not of so satisfactory a nature as was generally expected;
and this, coupled with the growing uneasiness as to the
course of the money-market, causes buyers for those
markets to show even less disposition to operate, and it
is only by some concession in price that sales to any ex-
tent can be effected. In other descriptions of goods,
though the business is on a small scale, there is no giving
way in prices."

NOTTINGHAM, JAN. 3.

The lace trade is dull, and the expectations which were
anticipated of a revival of business with the opening of
the year are not yet realised. The operation of stock-
taking, however, and the continued high rates of pro-
visions may, in addition to the Christmas holidays, ac-
count for this state of things. This year the continental
business will be resumed much earlier than usual, i ❑
consequence of Leipsic Fair (which is regulated by
Easter) falling so much earlier this year.
In the hosiery department there are some Canadian
purchasers in the market. Manufacturers are tolerably
busy its the execution of orders already on the books and
with preparations for the ordinary spring trade. The
home trade is, however, inactive, and hosiers aro acting
cautiously.

BRADFORD, JAN. 3.
Thera has been a fair, seasonable market this morning,
but the stiff prices asked for the raw material ratber
check business. There is no positive advance in the
prices of combing wools to-day, but the tendency is
rather upwards. Yarns are firmly held at late prices,
and there is a little improvement in the demand. As to
piece goods the sales have not been extensive, yet, the
season of the year considered, the sales and inquiries
have been of an average character.
A gradual improvement has taken place in the worsted
trade of this town during the last few months, and the
year opens with the staple manufacture of the district in
a much more promising condition than in January, 1855.
In the course of a review of the worsted trade for the
past year the Bradford Observer of this day observes :
"The commencement of 1855 was a period of remark-
able interest in the history of the worsted trade. To
those actively engaged in the trade, and thoroughly cog-
nisant of its workicgs, we had just passed through a
crisis of the most searching character in a manner to
prove that the trade was sound to its inmost core. In
1854 leases were sustained, but they were borne with
ease. The failures of that year were of comparatively
little moment, and were only such as were to be expected,
but in 1855 there have been scarcely any ; and there is
not a textile manufacture in the United Kingdom which
can boast of a healthier, a sounder, or more legitimate
trade during the past year than the worsted trade of the
Bradford district.

"In confirmation of this statement let us refer to the
course of prices. At the close of 1854 prices of goods
had reached a point of great depression. During the
earlier spring months of 1855 they were remarkably
steady. They then became firm and buoyant, and gra-
dually advanced, until checked by adverse exchanges
and the rspid rise in the rate of discount. During Oc-
tober prices partially receded, but have since recovered,
and are at present very firm at nearly the highest rates
of the current year, and for some classes of goods at
higher rates than during any previous part of 1855.
" Notwithstanding the high price of provisions, the
consumption of the home trade, though bad in some
districts, has, upon the whole, been large and steady.
To the Continent the exports have been large, while to
America the exports, instead of being large and losing,
as in 1854, have been small and very profitable.
" In fabrics but little novelty has appeared, either in
plains or fancies, beyond, as we stated last year, a con-
tinued development of improving taste. One ortvvo new
fabrics have been produced, but rather in the way of
sowing seed than reaping harvest for the present. The
attention of the trade has been strongly called to the ne-
cessity of producing warmer winter cloths, and the
Chamber of Commerce has presented a valuable report
bearing strongly on this much-disputed question. We
have little sympathy with the remarks of neighbouring
outsiders, who, in considering the report on the French
Exhibition, have dwelt but little on the many points in
which Bradford is superior, but with evident delight and
at inordinate length on the minor points in which we are
confessedly beaten. These parties are not aware of the
continued experiments which have been made during the
last 10 years, nor of what is doing now, and are no
more in a position to teach the Bradford trade than they
are to show Leeds how to prevent Huddersfield from ab-
sorbing the fancy trade in cloths. Of this much we are
sure, that Bradford will not make French merinoes to a
loss ; but if it can be done to profit we have not only
skill but enterprise enough to do it.
"As to the prospects of 1856, we see no reason to
doubt that our goods will be in larger demand for Ame-
rica, and in as large for the Continent and the home
trade as during 1855."

THE MAGISTRACY IN IRELAND,_John Hitchcock,
Vsq., of Antrim, has been appointed a magistrate of
that town. Harcourt Lightburne, Esq., chairman of the
Trim borough commissioners, has been appointed to the
commission of the peace.
THE MAIL :STEAM-SHIP ATLANTIC. -- LIVERPOOL,
Wednesday.-.-..A telegraphic despatch was received from
Queenstown to-day, announcing the sailing from that
port, at nine o'clock this morning, after repairing the
damage to her cylinder, of the United States mail steam-
ship Atlantic, Capt. West, for New York. She would
have sailed yesterday, but was unable to leave, owing to
the density of the fog.
LOCK AT Tan DIGGINGS.—We have been informed by
the friends of Mr. Francis, who was formerly a printer
in this town, that after labouring for some time with
little success at the " digging," he took at last some
gold, out of one hole, worth to him alone 8,0001. He
is still residing in one of the canvas towns up the coun-
try, where ho has started a newspaper. Brighton
L'xaminer.

BANK RETURNS.

An Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth
VictOria, cap. 32, of the Ayerage Amount of Bank
Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and
Wales, in Circulation during the Week ending Satur-
day, the 22d day of December, 1855 :-
Average
PRIVATE BANKS. Amount.
Andover Bank, Andover-Heath and Co.
Ashford Bank, Ashford-Jemmitt and Pomfret 12,426
Aylsham Bank, Aylsham-G. and T. Copeman 3,163
Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury-Z. D. Hunt 30,840
Baldock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade
Bank, Baldock-Wells, Hodge, and Co 34,337
Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple-Marshall and Co 9,971
Basingstoke and Odiharn Bank, Basingstoke-,
Seymour, Lamb, and Co.
Bedford Bank. Bedford-T. Barnard and Sons 33,870
Bewdley Bank, Bewdley - Nichols, Baker,
and Co 9,782
Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford
Bank, Bicester-H. M. and G. Tubb 14,313
Birmingham Bank, Birmingham --Attwoods,
Spooner, and Co 23,650
Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir-
mingham-J. L. Moilliet and Sons 9,981
Blandford Bank, Blandford-Oak and Co. --
Boston Bank, Boston-Garfit and Co 73,336
Boston Bank, Boston-H. and T. Gee and Co 14,774
Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater-J. and J. L
Sealey
Bristol Bank, Bristol-Milos, Miles, and Co 37,625
Broseley and Bridgnorth and Bridgnorth and
Broseley Bank, Broseley--Pritchards, Boy-
cott, and Co.
Buckingham Bank, Buckingham-Bartlett, Par-
rott, and Co.
Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and
Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds-
Oakes, Bevan, and Co.
Banbury Bank, Banbury - Gillet, Tawney,
and Co.
Banbury Old Bank, Banbury-Cobb and Son 27,254
Bath City Bank, Bath- -G. Moger and Son
Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton
Buzzard-Bassett, Grant, and Co 34,880
Birmingham Bank, Birmingham-Taylor and
Lloyds
Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire- H
A. and W. M. Harris and Co.
Brecon Old Bank, Brecon-Wilkins and Co 68,615
Brighton Union Bank, Brighton-Hall, West,
and Borrer
Burlington and Driffield Bank, Burlington-
Harding, Smith, and Co 11,721
Bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds-
J. Worlledge
Cambridge Bank, Cambridge- Mortlock &Co 16,914
Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam-
bridge-Messrs. Fosters 49,366
Canterbury Bank, Canterbury-Hammond and
Co 81,150
Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen-David Morris
and Sons 21,396
Chertsey Bank, Chertsey-La Coste and Son 2,950
Colchester Bank, Colchester-Round & Green 17,107
Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and
Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank,
Colchester-Mills, Bawtree, and Co 34,031
Cornish Bank, Truro-Tweedy and Co 46,223
Coventry Bank, Coventry-Little & Woodcock 6,371
City Bank, Exeter-Milford and Co 18,859
Craven Bank, Settle-Alcocks, Birkbecks, and
Co 66,555
Cardiff Bank, Cardiff-Towgood and Co
Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon-
mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon
Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank,
Chepstow-Bromage, Snead, and Co 8,328
Derby Bank, Derby-W. and S. Evans &Co 9,893
Derby Bank, Derby-Samuel Smith and Co 37,768
Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak
Bank, Derby-Crompton Newton, and Co
Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes-Locke
and Co 8,071
Diss Bank, Diss-Oakes, Fincham, and Co 10,202
Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster
-Cooke and Co 72,523
Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton
on-Tees Bank, Darlington-Backhouse &Co 81,130
Devonport Bank, Devonport- Hodge and Co 8,433
Dorchester Old Bank and Dorsetshire Bank,
Dorchester-R. and H. Williams..
East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard-Robins, Fos-
ter, and Co 83,648
East Riding Bank, Beverley-Bower and Co 48,879
Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank
Chelmsford-Sparrow, Round, and Co 48,051
Exeter Bank, Exeter-Sanders and Co 23,890
Fakenham Bank, Fakenham-Gurneys, Birk
beck, and Co -
Farringdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far-
ringdon-Barnes, Medley, and Co 7,036
Farnham Bank, Farnham -- Messrs Knight
Faversham Bank, Faversham-Hilton and Co 5,216
Godalming Bank, Godalming-Mellersh and
Keen
Guildford Bank, Guildford-Messrs. Haydon 14,215
Grantham Bank, Grantham-Hardy and Co 27,683
Hastings Old Bank, Hastings-Smith, Hilder,
and Co.
Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford-
Matthews and Co.
Hertford and Ware Bank, Hertford-S. Adams
and Co.
Hull Bank and Kingston-upon-Hull Bank,
Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co.

Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting-
don-Rust and Veaseys
Harwich
.Bank, Harwich-Cox, Cobbold, and
Co.
Hemel Hempstead Bank, Ilemel Hempstead
---Smith and Whittingstall
Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin -
Sharpies, and Co.
Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Bank, and
Ross and Archenfield Bank, Hereford-
Morgan and Co 21,770
Ipswich Bank, Ipswich-Bacon and Co.
Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk,
Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley
Bank, and Woodbridge Bank, Ipswich-
Alexanders and Co.
Kentish Bank, Maidstone-Mercer, Randall,
and Co.
Kington and Radnorshire Bank, Kington-
Davies and Co.
Knighton Bank, Knighton-Davies and Co 9,146
Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank,
Knaresborough-Harrison and Co 21,497
Kendal Bank, Kendal-Wakefield, Crewdson,
and Co.
Kettering Bank, Kettering-J. C. Gotch and
Sons 9,449
Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End-C
Harvey and Son 5,241
Leeds Bank, Leeds-Beckett and Co.
Leeds Union Bank, Leeds-W. Williams,
Brown and Co.
Leicester Bank, Leicester-Pagets and Kirby, 30,029
Lewes Old Bank, Lewes-Molineux and Co 29,684
Lichfield Bank, Lichfield-Palmer and Greene 7,510
Lincoln Bank, Lincoln-Smith, Ellison, and Co. 89,187
Llandovery Bank, Larnpeter Bank, and Llan-
dilo Bank, Llandovery-D. Jones and Co 21,883
Loughborough Bank, Loughborough-Middle-
ton and Cradock 7,371
Lymington Bank, Lymington-St. Barbe and
Co.
Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn
Regis-Gurneys and Co
Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis-
Jarvis and Co 11,775
Macclesfield Bank, Macclesfield-Brocklehurst
and Co
Manningtree Bank, Manningtree-Nunn and
Co.
Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts
Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl-
borough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank,
and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough-Tan-
ner and Co ---
Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly-Williams and
Son 9,174
Miners' Bank, Truro-Willyams and Co 17,845
Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial
Bank, Abergavenny-Bailey and Co 27,692
Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre-
con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old
Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank,
Monmouth-Bromage, Snead, and Co 15,515
Newark Bank, Newark-Godfrey and Riddell 25,459
Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and
Newark Bank, Sleaford-Handley, Peacock,
and Co 50,537
Newbury Bank, Newbury-Bunny & Slocock 18,600
Newmarkitt Bank, Newmarket-Eaton, Ham-
mond, and Co 19,231
Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk
Bank, Norwich-Harveys and Hudsons 47,032
Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich-Gur-
neys and Birkbeck 92,035
Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not-
tingham, Hart, Fellows, and Co 10,255
Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton-Craddock and Co 3,310
Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth-Harris
and Co. .
New Sarum Bank, Sarum-Everett and Co 10,038
Nottingham Bank, Nottingham-Samuel Smith
and Co.
Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os-
westry-Croxon and Co
Oxford O!d Bank, Oxford-Robinson, Parsons, ,
and Co.
Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton-
bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and
bridge-T. H. and S. Beeching
Ton-
bridge Wells and Sevenoaks lank, w
11,464
Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney-J. W.
Clinch and C..
Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old sank
and Beverley Bank, Hull-Pease and Co 46,811
Penzance Bank, Penzance--Batten and Co 10,292
Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter-
,
,
BYaonrkk,e and Co.
and
pebinobrornukghes-hiDre.
W. Walters 12,597
Reading Bank, Reading-Simonds and Ce..... 31,888
Reading Bank, Reading-Stephens, Blandy,
and Co.
Richmond -Bank, Richmond-Roper and Co 6,042
Rochdale Bank, Rochdale-Clement, Royds,
and Co. 4,276
Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches-
ter-Day and Nicholson 7,089
Royal,* Bank, Royston-Fordham and Sons 13,08
Rugby Balk, Rugby-A. Butlin anal Sot 8,242
Rye Bank, Byeltrit. C Pomfret apd C 0.,..,; 10,153

Ross Old Bank, Heredfordsbire, Roes -
Allaway and Macdougal
Saffron Walden'and North Essex Bank, Saf-
fron Walden-Gibsons and Co
Salop Bank, Shrewsbury- Burton, Lloyd,
and Co.
Scarborough Old Bank, Scarborough-Wood-
all and Co
Shrewsbury Old Bank and Shrewsbury and
Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury- Rocke, Ey-
tons, and Co 42,528
Sittingbourne and Milton Bank, Sittingbune.
-Valiance and Co.
Southampton Town and County Bank, South-
ampton-Maddison and Pearce
Southwell Bank, Southwell-Wylde and Co 13,062
Southampton and Hampshire Bank, Southamp-
ton-Atherley, Fell, and Co.
Stone Bank, Stone-W. Moore 345
Stafford Old Bank, Stadord-Stevenso n and
Co
Stamford and Rutland Bank, Stamford-Eaton,
Cayley and Co.
Shrewsbury and Welshpool Bank, Shrewsbury
-Beck, Downward, and Co.
Taunton Bank, Taunton-H. and R. Badcock 23,270
Tavistock Bank, Tavistock-Gill and Rundle 7,881
Thornbury Bank, Thornbury-Rolph and Co. 8,.460
Tiverton and Devonshire Bank, Tiverfon --
Dunsford and Co.
Thrapston and Kettering Bank, Northampton-
shire-Thrapston, Yorke and Eland
Tring Bank and Chesham Bank, Tring-But-
cher and Son
Towcester Old Bank, Towcester-Percival and
Co 6,789
Town and County of Poole Bank and Ring-
wood and Poole Bank, Poole-G. W. Led-
gard and Sons 10,481
Union Bank, Cornwall, Helston-Vivian and
Co 14,542
-Uxbridge Old Bank, Uxbridge-Hull, Smith,
and Co
Wallingford 141, , Wallingford-Hedges,
Wells, and .
Warwick and Warwickshire Bank, Warwick-
K. Greenway and Co.
Wellington Somerset Bank, Wellington-Fox,
Brothers, and Co 3,607
West Riding Bank, Wakefield, and Pontefract
Bank, Wakefield- Leatham, Tew, and Co 43,579
Whitby Old Bank, Whitby-Simpson, Chap-
man, and Co 14,040
Winchester, Alresford, and Alton Bank, Win-
chester-ulpett and Co 20,075
Winchester and Hampshire Bank, Winchester
-Wickham and Co
Weymouth Old Bank and Dorchester Bank,
Weymouth-Eliott and Pearce 14,175
Wirksworth and Ashbourne Derbyshire Bank,
Wirksworth-Arkwright and Co 34,208
Wisbech and Lincolnshire Bank, Wisbech-
Gurneys and Co 55,405
Wiveliscombe Bank, Wiveliscombe- P. and
W. Hancock 6,108
Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton-Good-
ricke and Holyoake i11,369
Worcester Bank, Worcester-Farley, Laven-
der, and Co 6,441
Worcester Old Bank and Tewkesbury Old
Bank, Worcester _Berwick, Lechmere, and
Co 68,566
Worcestershire Bank, Kidderminster-Farley,
Turner, and Co 8,472
Walsall Old Bank, Walsall-Charles Forster
and Sons
Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton-R.
and W. F. Fryer 10,830
Yarmouth and Suffolk Bank, and Halesworth
and Suffolk Bank, Yarmouth-Gurneys,
Birbeck, and Co 51,116
Yarmouth, Norfolk, and Suffolk Bank, Great
Yarmouth-Sir E. H. K. Lacon, Bart., and
Co
York Bank, York- Swann, Clough, and Co 41,151

3,614

33,482