The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 24, 1860,

utmost punctuality, and walked in a body towards the
starter. Just before reaching him, however, Leprechaun,
Brother to Rainbow, Tiger, Umpire, the Rap, and two or
three others, broke away, and the rank had to be reformed.
This proceeding was soon accomplished and the ringing of
the bell announced the start even before a large majority of
the spectators were prepared for it, and the clamour in the
Grand Stand enclosure suddenly ceased. The roar of ex-
citement which was sent up as soon as the horses quitted
the post became hushed in an instant, and while every
tongue was silent every eye was strained to discover the
positions of the favourites. Bentinck was the first to show
prominently in the race, and he took a clear lead as the
horses ascended the hill; following directly in his track
were Man-at-Arms, Nutbourne, Rising Sun, and Restes.
In the extreme rear were Sutton, Largesse, and Loiterer.
Bentinck increased his lead half-a-dozen lengths on going
up the hill, but before reaching the mile post he disap-
peared from the front, and Restes, who had been heading
the ruck, took up the running with Nutbourne, Horror,
Rising Sun, Man-at-Arms, Buccaneer, Brother to Rainbow,
Thormanby, The Wizard, Dangu, and Umpire taking their
place at the head of the ruck, On coming round Tatten-
ham corner the front lot were in close company,Nutbourne
next the rails having perhaps a slight lead, with Restes.
The Wizard, Umpire, Buccaneer, Thormanby, Brother to
Rainbow and Horror well up in his stride. On crossing the
road Nutbourne broke down and was pulled up, and soon
after Restes was beaten. The Wizard then came to the
front, and running in the middle of the course took a clear
lead, followed by Thormanby, Dangu, and Horror. At the
distance Thormanby passed The Wizard without an effort,
and Horror took third place half way up. From the mo-
ment that Thormanby's colours were seen in advance, how-
ever, the issue of the race was not in doubt. He ran home
an easy winn r by a length and a half, four lengths sepa-
rated the second from the third, and four lengths the third
from the fourth. The " running up" horses were Sir Wil-
liam, 'Umpire, Buccaneer, Man-at-Arms, Cape Flyaway,
and Restes, who passed the post nearly in the order named ;
Loiterer and Wallace were the lakt two. Thormanby was
twice nearly knocked on his head, and Wallace had a nar-
row escape of falling the instant the flag was dropped.
The value of the stakes, deducting the money to be paid
to the second horse, the judge, and towards expenses, is
£6,050.
The MANOR PLATE of 50 soya; 3-yr-olds, 7st 41b; 4-yr-
olds, Bst 101 b ; 5-yr-olds, 9st 21b ; 6 .yr-olds and aged,
9st 31b. Certain allowances, &c. The winner to be
sold for 200 sovs, if demanded. Ono mile.
12. Mr. T. Parr's Nerio, 3 yrs, 7st llb (Clement) .. 1
11. Mr. Brayley's Pescatore, 3 yrs, 7st llb (Prior) .. 2
9. Mr. Angell's Watersprite, 3 yrs, Est 121 b (carried.
6st 131 b) (Perry) •• •• .. 3
1. Mr. Morris's Apollo, 3 yrs, 7st 41b (Lambourn) .. 0
2. Mr. Hard's f by Nabob—Old Rowley's dam, 3 yrs,
7st llb (Wodehouse) • 0
3. Mr. Gulliver's Contract, 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Charlton) 0
4. Mr. Bunce's Lady Emily, 2 yrs, Est 121 b (J. Goater) 0
6. Captain Duff's Gorsehill, 5 yrs, 9st 21b (J. Land) .. 0
7. Mr. S. Jacob's Canda, 3 yrs, Gst 121 b (T. Johnson) 0
Betting-5 to 4 agst Contract, 4to 1 agst any other
offered.

Watersprite made the running to the half distance, when
Gorsehill showed in front. Opposite the stand Nerio came
with a rush, and won easily by a length; half a length be-
tween the second end third. The filly by Nabob was
fourth; Contract and Lady Emily next ; Apollo and Canda
the last two.

The BENTINCK PLATE of 50 sous. (handicap). Winners

extra. Three-quarters of a mile.

18. Mr: Drummond's Yooicks, by Windhound, 3 yrs,
7st (W. Bottom) .. . • .. 1
16. Mr. Saxon's White Rose, 3 yrs, 7st 21b (Midgley) 2
21. Lord Stamford's Lava, 2 yrs, Get 21b (A. Edwards) 3
8. Mr. C. Thorp's Bar6o-'e, 5 yrs, Bst 21b (Prior) .. 0
9. Mr. Duncan's Lord Palmerston, 3 yrs, Sst (E.
Sharp) •• •• •• • • •• 0
19. Mr. Angell's Dapple, 3 yrs, 6st 131 b (Perry) .. 0
20. Captain King's Joyeuse, 4 yrs, Get 91b (Hibberd).. 0
22. Mr. G. Hard's Vitula, 2 yrs, sst 121 b (Wodehouse) 0
24. Mr. Hodgman's The Rock, 2 yrs, sst 121 b (carried
Est lib), (H. Grimshaw) 0
29. Captain Archdall's The Fawn, 2 yrs, 4st 71b (carried.
4st 121 b), (Lawson) .. 0
G. Fordham weighed for Brandy Ball; the horse, how-
ever, did not go to the post.
Betting-5 to 4 agst Lava ;sto 1 agst Yooicks ;6to 1
each agst Fawn and White Rose.
Lava made the running to the distance, when Yooicks
took it up. The three placed then had the race to them-
selves, Yooicks winning by a head, two lengths between
the second and third.
The BURGH STAKES, of 5 sous. each, with 30 added. Op-
tional selling weights, &c. Half a mile.

3. Mr. Merry's fby Birdcatcher, Vest, 2 yrs (t4O),
sst 21b (carried sst 31b) (Daley) .2
_ _

8. Mr. G. Ha.rd's Reaction, '2
yrs (L4O), sst 21b (carried
sst 91b) (J. Adams) .. 2
7. Mr. Newland's Chanoine, 4 yrs (£10), 7st 11lb (G,
Fordham .. 3
1. Mr. Fleming's Vinca, 2 yrs (£4O), sst 21b (Thomas) 0
2. Captain Coates's Little Nat, 4 yrs (£4O), 7st 1 Ilb (Salt) 0
4. Mr. Thelluson's Tzar, 2 yrs (£10), sst 511 a (carried
sst 71b) (Wodehouse) •• •• •• •.
5. Mr. Morris's Biddy Nutts, 2 yrs (£10), sst 21b (Pet-
tingale) •• •• •• •• ado 0
6. Lord Strathmore's Wee Polly, 2 yrs (£4O), sst 21b
(Parsons) 0
9. Mr. Gulliver's Macbeth, *2
yrs (£4O), 7st 31b (carried
7st 41b) (Ducker) . o
10. Mr. Coverdale's Brother to Remely, 3 yrs (i4O), 7st
31b (ff. Grimshaw) 0
11. Mr. Cameron's Rokeby, 3 yrs (£4O), 7st 31b (Mills) 0
12. Mr. W. Smith's Tadworth, 3 yrs (x4O), 7st 31b (Dales) 0
13 Mr. J. Shelley's Quarantine, 2 yrs (£4O), sst 21b
(carried sst 31b) (C. Searle)
14. Mr. Roe's Foretop, 3 yrs (£4O), (Spooner) .. 0
Betting-2 to 1 agst the Vest filly, 4to 1 agst Chanoine,
6 to 1 each agst Biddy Nutts, Wee Polly, and Quarantine.
The Vest filly made all the running, and won by three
lengths ; the same between the second and third.

SIR C. TREVELYAN'S FINANCIAL MINUTE.

The minute, or rather protest, of the late Gover-
nor-General of Madras ngainst the financial policy
of the Indian Government has been published in
extenso in many of the Bombay and Madras jour-
nals, and, as it is now confessed, under the autho-
rity of Sir C. Trevelyan himself. The minute ex-
tends to a great length, and we can therefore find
space only for its more important passages :—The
present project, he says, with its new income tax,
licence tax, and tobacco tax, is advantageous to the
European mercantile community, and therefore
popular among " the ruling class which represents
what we call public opinion." But with regard to
the entire native population, it is " a leap in the
dark." As to the principles of the question, Sir C.
Trevelyan says :
" We are all agreed that the finance of British India must
for the future be placed upon a solid foundation There
must be no more palliatives. A clear increasing surplus
must be established of annual income over annual expendi-
ture." With regard to the late increase of debt, he remarks
that although the capital of the Indian debt has aug-
mented since 1856 from i.;59,441,052 to £97,851,807, and
the annual interest from 2l to nearly 41 millions, yet that
the whole amount of liability does not exceed three years'
revenue of the country, the English national debt being at
least 12 years. The debt, he says, is the price paid for the
construction of " the wonderful fabric of the Anglo-Indian
empire," and the only course of policy to adopt is to " accept
it as it stands," and never dream of paying it off, especially
by means of taxation, which "is an extremely expensive
process, a great deal more being taken from individuals
than goes to the State." Passing on to the details, the
Governor of Madras adverts first to the alleged deficiency
in the Indian revenue, which Mr. Wilson had stated to be
6l millions. This he thinks untrue, or at all events much
exaggerated :

"-go detailed estimate of income and expenditure is
given. Those who know, as Idoby 19 years' experience,
the extreme particularity with which the probable income
and expenditure of the forthcoming year are calculated in
England and submitted to the criticism of the public, will
be surprised at the scantiness of the information now fur -
Fished. Everything hinges upon this estimate."
Even if the deficiency really exists, Sir C. Tre-
velyan points to the large aggregate of cash ba-
lances in the hands of the Government, now amount-
ing to £19,600,000, against £13,398,000 last year,
as an available source of supply so far as present
necessities are concerned.
Observing that " there are two modes of re-ad-
justing the national balance-sheet, diminution of
expenditure and increase of income," Sir Charles
argues at much length in favour of retrenchment
as against additional taxation.
" The cause of the present financial difficulty is the in-
crease of the military expenditure, and the remedy is to be
found in the removal of that cause—namely, in a corre-
sponding diminution of military expenditure. The deficit
of next year is estimated by Mr. Wilson at $6,500,000;
but the increase of military expenditure in the current year
before the mutiny, is stated by him at £8,619,227, or the
difference between £21,732,681 in 1859-60 and £13,213,451
in 1856-7."

anco. They would take the restoration of the transit and

town dutie;as a matter of course, but the introduction into

India of direct taxation is calCulated to arouse all their

latent feelings of opposition.
"In this Presidency we are in the midst of a series of
well-considered reforms, which. carried to completion will
change the face of the south of India. The people are in
excellent temper ; the Government has their full confi-
dence, and a very few years will suffice for the accomplish-
ment of the object. A new survey and settlement are in
progress, whereby the land tax will be moderated, equalised
and fixed. The vast number of small landed estates,
hitherto free from land tax, spread over the face of the Pre-
sidency, under the name of Inams, are being converted into
freeholds, subject to the payment of a quit rent, commut-
able, at the option of the holder, for a single payment
at twenty years' purchase. Freeholds are likewise being
created in favour of the holders of building land and of
lands in the hill ranges, suited for the cultivation of coffee
and other products European enterprise. The forma-
tion of the new police is going on in most of the districts
of the Presidency, under circumstances of difficulty from
which the introduction of the same institution into Ire-
land and England was not exempt. We hope, with the
sanction of the home authorities, shortly to commence the
amalgamation of the Supreme and Sudder Courts in a
single High Court, and to strengthen and improve the
subordinate courts. Above all, we have just com-
pleted the first general revision that has ever been made of
our native revenue establishments. This strikes at the
root of the greatest evil with which the south of India
has been afflicted—the redundant number, and the ill-paid
irresponsible character of the native revenue officers. Now,
if these three tax ordinances are passed, this full course of
ell-matured and successful improvements will be arrested
in the midst. Even if the state of the popular mind per-
mitted our going on with it, the time and' strength of the
Government and its officers would not suffice for both ob-
jects. The European officers of all grades are already over •
tasked, and they would be absorbed for an indefinite time
to come by the efforts requil ed for the creation and working
of the new machinery for the new taxes. The pains which
have been taken to protect the people by limiting the num-
ber and improving the position and character of the native
. officers would especially be rendered of no avail ; and
swarms of har. ies would again be let loose upon the coun-
try, armed with powers far exceeding those of their prede-
' cessors."

After alluding to various questions connected
with public works and local improvements, Sir
Charles proceeds :
" If we use the strength which our present advantages
give to force obnoxious taxes upon the people, we shall
place ourselves in a position towards them which will be
totally incompatible with a simultaneous reduction of the
native army. We cannot afford to have a discontented
people and a discontented army upon our hands at the same
time."
Sir C. Trevelyan concludes by contending, with
reference to the position of his own presidency,
that there is no deficiency, but a positive surplus,
in the revenue of Madras, a calculation which he
supports by several series of official tribulations,
inferring that a district which pays its own charges
ought not to be compelled to contribute .towards
the deficiencies of other parts of the country.
The Madras Council, as a body, are said to concur
in the opinion expressed in this minute. Written
" memoranda" to that effect have been published
from three members, though not, it has been stated,
by their own consent. Sir Patrick Grant, the com-
mander-in-chief of the Presidency, briefly expresses
his general adhesion. The Hon. R. Maltby and the
Hon. W. A. Morehead enter more at length into
the question, and discuss some alternative projects
of finance, but unite with Sir C. Trevelyan in con-
demning the scheme proposed by Mr. Wilson, and
approved by the Government both at home and in
Calcutta.
At a meeting of the Legislative Council of India
on the 14th inst., Mr. Wilson in moving the second
reading of the Income Tax Bill, took occasion to
reply one by one to all the objections which had
been urged against it. It so happened that the
main arguments brought by Sir C. Trevelyan to
bear against the measure consisted chiefly of en-
forcements of the objections which had appeared
in the native papers. Mr. Wilson, in proving the
unsoundness of the basis on which these were
founded, was enabled, without expressly naming
Sir C. Trevelyan, to reply to the objections argued
in his Minute.
Referring to the charge that he had consulted
the interests of the Europeans, and neglected
those of the natives, he stated emphatically that
perfect equality between all classes of her Ma-
jesty's subjects was the principle and touchstone
of the Govermental scheme. He showed that
the reduction of duties on articles of Euro-
pean manufacture was made because the revenue
was failing from diminished consumption ; he
pointed out that special care had been taken to re-
move duties from articles of Indian produce, in
every case where the imposition of duty caused a
diminished price to the producer ; that, on the other
hand, on those articles which met with no compe-
tition in Europe, and the incidence of taxation on
which fell on the foreigner, export duties had been
increased, to the great gain of the revenue, and
without any diminution of their market value in
India. He alluded to the imposition, for the first
time, of taxes on the profits of European traders,
and on the salaries of public servants, and asked if
these were evidences of favouring Europeans at the
expense of the natives.
Alluding to the second charge against the Go-
vernment, of unwisely imposing new taxes for the
purpose of reducing the debt in India, Mr. Wilson
met it with an absolute denial. He asserted, at the
same time, that it was his object to place the
finances of the country on so satisfactory a footing
that the revenue might furnish adequate provision
for the absolutely needful demands upon the State.
But Mr. Wilson stated, " the most serious charge
brought against ,us is that of two courses which
were open to us to make both ends meet, that is,
by reduction of expenditure or by increase of taxes,
we have deliberatelp chosen the latter of the two."
This complaint, he observes, "pervades the large
mass of native papers which is now lying before
me in more or less distinct terms, and the same has
been insinuated, if not directly made, in other
quarters." On this point Mr. Wilson argued that
it would be impossible to adopt a course that had
been proposed and revert to the expenditure of
1856-57; that even were it possible it would be a
delusive course, for the normal condition of the
country in those years was one of annually recur-
ring deficiency and:constant recourse to open loans ;
that the change in the character of the army, by
the increase In it of the English element, had
greatly augmented military expenditure, one Ern o•
peau soldier costing four or even five times as much
as a native. This change, in itself vitally neces-
sary, would render a recurrence to the proposed
expenditure impossible.
He further pointed out that measures had been
taken to reduce charges as much as possible, but
that the necessity for consulting so many distant
authorities would render any reduction a work of
time. As one of the difficulties in the way of effect-
ing immediate retrenchment he instanced the mili-
tary expenditure of Madras. A year ago the
Government of that Presidency was very sanguine
that it could effect great reductions in its military
expenditure, and was confident that the annual
outlay on that account would not exceed £2,780,000,
The actual expenditure in the given period was
£4,300,000. Reduction, however, had been effected
at Bombay and in Bengal, and was now being car-
ried out at Madras; but all these reductions were
computed in the estimated deficiency of six-and-a-
half millions. In this deficiency, too, the expendi-
ture on account of public works was computed at
its lowest scale. Provision which must be made for
the carrying on of works now suspended must be
made in addition to the computed deficit. Mr. Wil-
son further pointed out that it was not military ex-
penditure alone that had increased ; there had been
a steady advance in other departments likewise.
A glance at the following table will show the
exact increase that has taken place in expenditure
other than military in the three Presidencies since
1856-7 :
Expenditure other than 1857-58. 1859-60. Increase,
military in Bengal, the
North-West, and the
Punjaub
Ditto in Madras
Ditto in Bombay

13,359,000 16,024.000 2,665,000
2,539,000 3,125,000 586,0.0
3,492,000 3,806,000 314,000

• • • • £3,55000
In the face of this Total increase, with the necessity
for maintaining a more costly military force, and of
establishing improved police, with the fact before
the Government that since 1853-7 an additional
annual charge of £2,000,000 sterling to the debt
had been incurred, ,and a deficiency of £6,500,000
been created, how was it possible to make sufficient
reductions to balance the expenditure by the
revenue ?

Other objections to the general scheme—the
proposal, for instance, to exempt the salaries of
clerks from its operation—a dislike to the nature of
a tax upon income—the idea entertained in some
quarters that its novelty would raise opposition—
were disposed of with great ability. Mr. Wilson
showed that takes now in • force in many parts of
Madras, such as the vis-a-vadi and muhtal afa taxes,
fell with a greater severity on the poorer and in-
dustrious classes than would those impositions by
which he proposed to:supersede them. It is impos-
sible that any statement could be more clear and
convincing than this portion of his argument. The
speech wound up with an allusion to the Minutes
of the members of the Madras Council, which I give
in Mr. Wilson's own words :

" Sir,—l sincerely wish I could here conclude
what I have to say. But there is one subject of a
most painful character to which it would hardly be
respectful to this Council if I were not to allude,
however briefly. While we have received the most
cordial and unanimous support from all the local au-
thorities from whom we have had communications
u p to this time, with one single exception, opposition
in that case has assumed a character which, I
will venture to say, has no parallel in Indian his-
tory. I have reason to believe that those whom I
now address were as deeply and painfully impressed
with astonishment at seeing certain documents,
proceeding from a subordinate of Government, in
the public prints a few days ago, as the members of
the Government themselves could possibly be, and

their astonishment and pain must only have been
greatly increased when they saw the tone in which
those documents are conceived and expressed. Un-
less it had been intimated to us expressly that they
had been made public on authority, of course we
could only have arrived at the conclusion that they
had found their way surreptitiously into print. But,
unhappily, no secret is made as to the means by
which they obtained publicity, and that, too, before
they had even reached the Government of India.
Sir, with regard .to these papers, the Government
of India can have no doubt as to the course which
it is their duty to pursue. The public interest must
obviously preclude us from entering into such a
controversy ; and but for their publication, and the
notice, slight as it may be, which thereon seems due
to this council, I should not have referred to their
existence. The Government of India have taken
such steps as are due to the public interests and
their own position in order to obviate the serious
and grave mischief which it is possible may be
caused by this act of what I cannot but term wan-
ton indiscretion. Sir, it would be idle not to ac-
knowledge that we feel all the difficulties in which
the finances of India stood before, and the arduous
character of the task we had undertaken, enor-
mously aggravated by these proceedings in a quarter
where we had the least right to expect it, but, on
the contrary, whatever may have been the indivi-
dual view entertained, we had a right to look for
support. But, however much aggravated we feel
our difficulties to be, we cannot for a moment hesi-
tate in believing it our duty to persevere in the mea-
sures which have received the stamp of such an ex-
tensive public approval, as being based on equitable,
broad, and intelligible principles, calculated, as
we trust they are, to promote the lasting good of
the country, and to ensure the future prosperity of
India. I shall conclude by moving that this bill be
read a third time. I shall then move the suspen-
sion of the standing orders, in order that this and
the bill for licensing trades may be referred to a
select committee, with instructions to submit their
report this day fortnight."
The bill has been submitted to a select committee,
with a view to its being reintroduced into Council
early in May.