The Sun.
London, England, 1860-06-01 00:00:00

THE bUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 1, 1860,

Mr. JERVIS indignantly compares his suffering
brethren, are not, as a class, guilty of the impru-
dence of attempting to keep house on salaries
which barely keeps respectable clothes on their
backs. We are surely entitled, with Mr. JERVIS'
pamphlet before us, to warn the curates and petty
incumbents still unencumbered, to look before they
leap. If the young Rev. on his £4O or £lOO
a year, has not taken the fatal step, however trying
it may be to wait, however cruel to check the ten-
der sympathies which allure him to the fatal plunge,
with Mr. JERVIS' book before us we must bid him
be a man, as well as a young beloved and lovirg
clergyman, to exercise his judgment, and not to de-
stroy his usefulness, and pauperise a wife and chil-
dren by what is, really, a reckless marriage.

But of course the greater number of our readers
will at once exclaim—that there must be something
radically wrong in the administration of the re-
venues of the Church ! They have heard of such a
living as Deddington with its rent charge of
£9,956, and of others favoured with incomes com-
puted by the thousands of pounds, and they are
ready to get almost into a passion with a system
which leaves other poor incumbents starving on
less than the wages of a mason on strike. But
they must cool down their anger. All these
livings, are, in fact, a strange combination of
private and public property. Patrons can
buy and sell them, though the cure of souls con-
nected with them is a public and a State service !
It is useless to kick at fads ; but the facts are, that
if all the appointments of our civil, military, and
naval service were in the hands of individuals who
could put up the presentation to those appointments
for sale at Garraway's, the secular public service
would then be in precisely the position in which
the spiritual public service of the State is now
placed. A large number of the livings are, to
be sure, in the gift of the Crown ; but, with this ex-
ception—the State could mend its system only by
purchasing all the advowsons. Fairly divided, the
revenues of the livings would give perhaps £3OO or
£4OO for each incumbent; we believe it is computed
that, if clerical socialism should ever apportion
the income of the Church equally amongst those
of all classes who do its work, there would be some-
where about £250 for each. It is, however, openly
argued that a system of blanks and prizes is the
most conducive to the spiritual excellence of a State
Church ! An argument which seems to men of busi-
ness pretty much like saying the best possible for
things as they are. To say that it is next to imprac-
ticable to alter the system, or no system, is one
thing—to defend it is folly.

Mr. JERVIS justly calls attention to the outrageous
abuse of funds, which might have been available in
mitigation of all this heartrending distress, by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. We all know of their
disgraceful squandering of money—Xl43,ol4—on
the palaces of eight bishops—palaces of " successors
of Apostles, and that while working incumbents
and curates were starving and begging second-hand
clothes ! and even now we are told that the Com-
mission spends £lO,OOO per annum on salaries
alone ! This monstrous job must be dealt with.
Then there are princely Bishops' salaries, which
may well be made to yield something handsome—
Canterbury could spare £lO,OOO at least, London
fully half that sum, and £15,000 would do
something towards allaying a great deal of
this clerical distress. Durham, and other re-
dundantly wealthy bishoprics, could also con-
tribute a handsome quota to the same ob-
ject. We would willingly relieve Bishops of their
legislative duties, and of the attendant expense, by
which the State would doubtless be a gainer; and
such cutting down of worse than useless salaries, and
economising strictly all that has not been irreco-
verably wasted on palaces for Christian bishops,
would supply Mr. JERVIS with a fund that would
gladden his heart, because it would gladden the
hearts of hundreds.

Let parents, however, and young men themselves,
think of what they are doing in entering the Church.
If they want the position it gives in society we have
nothing to say; but if they want a livelihood, they
ought to reflect. Some 297 livings are under £5O
per annum, 1,629 under £lOO per annum, 1,602
under £l5O per annum, and 1,354 are under £2OO
per annum ; 4,882 benefices under £2OO a-year.
Blanks and prizes truly. Let those who want a
livelihood remember that the Church is a lottery,
with this peculiarity, however, that connection,
not chance, presides at the wheel.

THE COURT.—Her Majesty the Queen, and his
Royal Highness the Prince Consort, accompanied by the
Princess Alice, Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold, and the
Princesses Helena, Louisa, and Beatrice, left Osborne at
20 minutes past 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon, embarked at
Cowes on the Fairy, Royal steam yacht, crossed to Ports-
mouth, and travelled by a special train on the South-
Western Railway to the private station at Vauxhall. The
Royal" party proceeded in five of the Queen's carriages,
escorted by a detachment of Light Dragoons, to Bucking-
ham Palace, where they arrived at 20 minutes past 6 o'clock.
His Excellency Baron Bentinck is still, we re-
gret to learn, confined to his room in consequence of a se-
vere attack of goat.

The Duke and Duchess of Terranova took their
departure from the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-street, last
night, for Paris.

The Earl and Countess of Fife entertained at
dinner, last night, their Serene Highnesses the Prince and
Princess Edward of Saxe-Weimar, the Marchioness of
Londonderry, the Marquis of Tullibardine, the Earl and
Countess of Seafield, the Earl of Southesk, Lady Dufferin,
Hon. Alfred Stourton, Colonel Dalrymple, and Dr Quin.
The Countess Poulett has left town for Hinton
St. George, Somerset.

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived in
,own yesterday from Broadlands, Hants.
_ _

Viscount and Viscountess Sydney entertained at
dinner, on Wednesday evening, at their residence in Cleve-
land-square, his Highness the Maharajah Dhdeep Singh,
the Earl of Sandwich, the Earl and Countess of Winchilsea
and Lady Florence Paget, the Countess Cowper and Lady
Florence Cowper, Viscount Hinchingbrooke, Viscount
Raynham, Lord and Lady Churchill, Mrs. Henry Baring,
Mr. Swinton, and Colonel Oliphant, in attendance on the
Maharajah. Viscountess Sydney received after dinner.

Viscount and Viscountess Doneraile entertained
at dinner, on Wednesday, the Earl and Countess of Dun-
raven and Lady Augusta Wyndham Quin, Lord and Lady
Proby, Lord and Lady Raglan, the Duke of Rutland, Vis-
count Campden, Viscount Canterbury, Mr. and Lady
Caroline Townley and Miss Townley, Hon. Mr. and Mrs.
Spencer Ponsonby, Lady Honoria Cadsgan, &c.

Lord Southampton left the Pavilion Hotel,
Folkestone, on Thursday, for town.

Lady Caroline Barrington and the Rev. Mr.
Barrington arrived at the Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone, on
Wednesday, from Paris.

Lady 34elesworth entertained his Royal High-
ness the Duke of Cambridge and a select circle at dinner
last evening, at her residence in Eaton-place.
At Venice it is said that a palace is being pre-
pared for the reception of his Majesty the King of Naples.
During the last week the Times has been seized
no fewer than three times by the Vienna police. The num-
bers confiscated were those of the 21st, 21th, and 25th inst
" It is stated positively," says the Constitutionnel,
" that the project of buldiug the new Theatre of the Opera
on the Boulevard des Capucines has been abandoned. The
erious inconveniences which have been pointed out by com-
petent men have, it is said, decided the administration to
renounce the project which had never been favourably re-
ceived by public opinion. New plans are therefore about
to bo studied."

AIR. JOHN PARRY. —lt is with great pleasure
that we have to announce that Mr. John Parry, the well-
known buffo singer, has consented to appear once more in
public, the occasion being the -benefit of Mr. and Mrs.
German Reed, on Monday next, at the Gallery of Illustra-
tion; but it is to be hoped that when once Mr. Parry has
renewed his acquaintance with a London audience, he will
be induced to give a series of farewell performances, prior
to his final retirement. To the very intimate friendship
existing between Mr. John Parry and Mr. German Mel,
must the public attribute the opportunity of hearing again
the charming buffo singer ; and when it is remembered that
he appears in conjunction with Mr. and Mrs. Reed,
pleasure-seekers can form some idea of the treat in store for
them. It is seldom that three such accomplished artists are
brought together—all are first-rate musicians, and all excel
as vocalists and actors in a class of entertainment that is
daily becoming more popular,

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received al
Mr. Renter's office :

PARIS, MAY 31

A telegram received this morning from Naples
confirms the news of the entrance of Garibaldi into

Palermo.

Garibaldi, at the head of his volunteers, pene-
trated, flag in hand, into the centre of the city
during the bombardment, and established his head-
quarters there.

The loss in killed and wounded is very con

derable.

TURIN, MAY 31

The following details of Garibaldi's attack on
Palermo have been received from a reliable source :

"At 4 o'clock on the morning of the 27th Gari-
baldi attacked Palermo on the south side. A des-
perate combat ensued, and lasted six hours. The
people made themselves masters of all parts of the
town south of the Strada di Toledo. A terrible
bombardment was opened by sea and land, not-
withstanding which the people continued to fight.
The troops.retired within the Royal Palace, the
Custom-house, and the Castle. Hostilities were
suspended from 10 until 12, when the struggle re-
commenced with greater desperation. The Royal
Palace was taken by the people, and in the even-
ing was burnt down.

" Other towns in Sicily have risen, the inhabi-
tants everywhere shouting ' Italy for ever!' Victor
Emmanuel for ever !' "

PARIS, FRIDAY,

The Moniteur of this morning says :—" The Go-
vernment believes it its duty to protest against the
malevolent suppositions and accusations and the
thoughtless interpretations which have been pro-
duced by the annexation of Savoy and Nice."

The Moniterpr recalls the circumstances which
brought about the cession of two provinces
separated from Piedmont by the highest mountains
in Europe, and says :—" The French Government,
far from having a design to provoke or to give rise
'to any complications in Europe, in order to find
an occasion for further aggrandisement, is animated
by thoughts of quite an opposite character. Govern-
ment deplores the manoeuvres destined to propa-
gate daily impressions the least exact as regards its
real intentions. The Emperor has made every effort
to re-establish in Europe the confidence which has
been shaken. His sole desire is to live in peace
with other Sovereigns, his allies, and to use all his
endeavours to actively develope the resources of
France."

VIENNA, JUNE 1.

The statement in some journals that the seat of
the Commander-in-Chief of the army in Italy will
be transferred from Verona to Laibach is erroneous.
The Commander-in-Chief will remain in Verona ;
only the administrative and judicial offices of the
army will be transferred to Laibach to ensure a
more free and speedy movement of the army in
Venetia, which has been re-organised, not only for
economical purposes, but also to be prepared for
all emergencies.

For this double purpose the military forces, con-
siderably reduced, will be concentrated in the for.
tresses of the quadrilateral.
The cavalry will be assembled in the plain of
Pordenona, and the artillery in Verona. The latter
will be provided with rifled cannon.
Thus Austria, with a corps d'armee of 70,000
men, will await the developement of events in Italy.

PARIS, JUNE 1.
The Emperor and the Empress left to-day for
Lyons at 10 a.m.
The Dowager Empress of Russia is expected at
Lyons at 6 p.m.
The Grand Duchess Helena arrived yesterday
at Lyons.

NAPLES, MAY 30.

The Government is deliberating as to the advisa•
bility of sending orders to Palermo to stop the born•
bardment.

MADRID, MAY 31.

It is asserted that the electric cable will be re-
laid between Spain acid the Balearic Isles at the
end of June.

Mr. Merry has been appointed Spanish Coosu
at Tangiers.

The Moniteur also publishes the following de,
spatch

" NAPLES, MAY 30.

" Garibaldi entered Palermo on the 27th. He is
master of the greater part of the town. The troops
were concentrated in the Castle. A bombardment
immediately commenced. Fires broke out in seve-
ral parts of the town. Garibaldi attacked the
Castle at noon of the 28th \lay."
NAPLES, MAY 29.

Great agitation prevails at Court and in, the
Ministry. After a Cabinet Council the Ministers
tendered their resignation. It is rumoured that a
Liberal Ministry will be formed.

MARSEILLES, MAY 31.

A letter from Genoa states that Garibaldi has
ordered the formation of eight regiments of infantry
in Sicily, to take rank after the Piedmontese in-

fantry.

The Levant steamer is expected with news from

`Tessin a.

VIENNA, MAY 31.

The enlarged Council of the Empire was opened
to-day at 11 o'clock by a short speech from the
President, Archduke Reinier, to whom Count
Apponyi replied, in order to explain the particu-
lar position of the Hungarians in relation to the
Council of the Empire. Count Androssy added a
few words, expressing the loyalty of the Hunga-
rians. The members of the Council will be re-
ceived to-morrow by the Emperor, who will address
them in a cordial speech.

CASSEL, MAY 31.

The official Law Gazette publishes a constitution
granted to the country by the Elector. This con-
stitution is dated May 30, and is based upon the
resolutions of the Federal Diet of the 24th of Maroh
and of the Diet of Electoral Besse of 1857.
CONSTANTINOPLE, MAY 30.
Kibrisli Mehemed Pasha has been appointed
Vizier, in place of Mehamed Ruschdi Pasha.
The Greek Patriarch Cyrillus has tendered his
resignation, which has been accepted by the Porte.
Omar Pasha has arrived in Constantinople.

FRANCE.

PARIS, MAY 31.

A telegram was received here this morning from
Naples, confirming
the news of yesterday which
announced the entry of the volunteers of Garibaldi
into Palermo. It states that Garibaldi put himself
at the head of his men, and, bearing in his hand the
national flag, led them on amid the fire, and pene-
trated into the centre of the city, where he esta-
blished his head-quarters. The loss on both sides is
stated to be great. It has been already said that
the firing had ceased. It is supposed that, while
the Garibaldians were employed against the troops
occupying the heights outside the town, the people

of Palermo rose and expelled those that defended
the city. It was on this the forts opened fire,
which appears to have been protested against by
the foreign Consuls. •

BOURSE, May 31.—The market has been steady,
but very little business doing. Threes, after having
been done at 69f 40c, and 69f 55c, are now at 69f
45c. Mobilier, from 662 f 50c to 6671460 c; Lyons,
867 f 50c to 870 f; Orleans, 1,325 f to 1,327 f 50c;
Northern, 975 f to 977 f 50c ; Southern, 512 f 50e to
515 f ; Austrian, 508 f 75c to 510 f ; Lombard, 498 f
75c to 500 f. The following are the last quota-
tions :

4f per Cents..... 96

ISO: end month ~ 96

Credit Foncier 900
Belgian 4i 97
Piedmontesa (5)
Roman B2
Austrian
Spanish Throes
Home Debt .. 46

3 per Cents .. 69 35

DO. end month 69 25
Bank Shares 2830

CrMit Mailier 662 50
Do. Account

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern 975 .. 970
New ditto B6O .. 860
Lyons and Mediterranean 865 .. 863 75
Geneva 405 .. 407 50
Southern
Western 568 75 .. 566 25
Eastern
Sardinian 415 .. 410
Austrian
Lombard ..
Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 121 c. ; money,
251. 12c.; three months, paper, 24f. 90c. ; money, 24f 871 c.

CHINA.

THE REJECTION OF THE ULTIMATUM.
The following important correspondence was for-
warded to us for publication last night :
(Enclosure in No. 4.)
MR. BRUCE mn TUE SENIOR SECRETARY OF STATE,
YANG- WAN-CtiANG.
Shanghai, March 8.
The undersigned, &e. has the honour to address
a communication to his Excellency Pang-Wan-
Chang, a Senior Secretary of State, and thir Ex-
cellencies the Members of the Great Council of his
Majesty the Emperor of China.
The undersigned has the honour to state that, as
in duty bound, he has laid before her Britannic
Nlajesty's Government a full narrative of all the
circumstances attending his journey to the mouth
of the Tien-tsin river last summer for the purpose
of exchanging the ratifications of the Treaty of
Tien-tsin, as required by the provisions of that
Treaty, on or before the 26th of June, 1859. Be•
sides the whole of his correspondence with the Im-
perial Commissioners and other officers of the Im-
perial Government, the undersigned has transmitted
to the Government of her Britannic Majesty a copy
of the Imperial Decree, dated the 9th of August,
and handed, by the Emperor's desire, to the United
States' Minister, Mr. Ward, on the eve of his de-
parture from Pekin.
The decree begins as follows :
" Last year the ships of the English sailed into the
port of Tien-tsin and opened a fire on our troops.
We accordingly instructed Sang•kolin-sin, Prince
of the Khorchin tribe, to adopt the most stringent
measures for the defence of Taku, and (the envoys
of) the different nations coming up to exchange
treaties on this occasion were told by Kweiliang
and Hwashana at Shanghai that Taku was thus
strictly guarded, and that they must go round by
the port of Peh-tang. The Englishman Bruce,
notwithstanding, when he came to Tien-tsin, in
the fifth moon, did not abide by his orignal under-
standing with Kweiliang and his colleague, but
actually forced his way into the port of Taku, de-
stroying our defensive apparatus."
The undersigned did not fail at once to apprise
the Government of her Britannic Majesty that the
Emperor had been singularly misled, Had it, in-
deed, been signified to him by the Commissioners
at Shanghai that his Majesty had decided on closing
to foreign Envoys the natural and most convenient
highway to his capital, such evidence of an un-
friendly disposition on the part of the Imperial
Government would certainly have been regarded
by the undersigned as fit matter of remonstrance
and negotiation.
No intimation of the kind, however, was con-
veyed to the undersigned in the letters of the Im-
perial Commissioners. The port of Peh-tang was
never named by them, nor did the undersigned
enter into any engagement with them other than
that contained in his letter of the 16th of May, in
which he acquainted his Excellency Kweiliang of
the nature and object of his mission, and of his in-
tention to proceed by ship to Tien-tsin, from which
city he requested his Excellency to give the neces-
sary orders for his conveyance to Pekin.
He begs to enclose copy of this letter, as also
of that received from the Imperial Commissioner of
the 12th of June. These will prove that the under-
signed was allowed to quit Shanghai in total ignor-
ance of the Emperor's objection to his employment
of the usual river route.
A like silence on the subject of the Imperial pro-
hibition was observed towards Admiral Hope, com-
mander-in-chief of her Majesty's naval forces in
these seas, when, in furtherance of the objects made
known to his Excellency Kweiliang in the letter
above cited, he appeared on the 17th of June at the
mouth of the river to announce the approach of the
undersigned and his colleague the Minister of
France. The AdmirAl was assured that the passage
had been closed biOle so-called militia whom he
found in charge of the booms obstructing it, with-
out the orders of their Government, none of whose
officers, the militia repeatedly affirmed, were near
the spot; also that it was closed, not against
foreigners, but against a native enemy. These false
representations were supported by false appear-
ances ; the batteries of the forts were masked, no
banners were displayed, no soldier discovered him-
self. Still fUkher to prevent verification of the
statements of the militia, no communication was
allowed with the shore. After promising to re-
move the obstacles at the river mouth, the militia
repudiated the promise. They conducted them-
selves with rudeness and violence to the officers who
were sent to speak with them, in one instance pro-
ceeding so far as to threaten the life of a gentleman
despatched with a message from the Admiral.
Such was the state of things when the under-
signed arrived outside the bar on the 20th of June.
Finding that the officials persisted in keeping aloof,
while the Militia continued to assert that the ob•
struction of the river way was their own unautho-
rised act, he called on the Admiral to take such
steps as would enable him to reach the capital by
the time appointed. This, after due notice given to
the Militia, and after receiving from them an assu-
rance on the previous evening that they should cer-
tainly have nothing further to communicate, the
Admiral was proceeding to effect, on June 25, the
eighth day from his arrival, when the forts, which
had been for these eight days to all appearances
deserted, suddenly opened fire upon his squadron.
Apparently to cover this treacherous conduct, the
officers in charge of the forts have imposed another
fiction on his Imperial Majesty, who has been led to
believe that the British squadron assumed the offen-
sive by bombarding the forth. This is utterly with-
out foundation ; no shot was fired until the bat-
teries had opened ; the ships having no other ob-
ject in advancing but to remove the obstacles placed
across the river without authority.
The facts of the case are simply those stated by
the undersigned ; and her Britannic Majesty's Go-
vernment, after mature deliberation, have decided
that whether the Emperor of China was cognisant
of thin act of hostility, or whether it was directed
by his officers, it is an outrage for which the
Chinese Government must be held responsible. Her
Britannic Majesty's Government require, therefore,
an immediate and unconditional acceptance of the
following terms
" 1. That an ample and satisfactory apology
be made for the act of the troops who fired
on the ships of her Britannic Majesty from the forts
of Taku in June last, and that all guns and mate-
rial, as well as the ships abandoned on that occa-
sion, be restored.
" 2. That the ratifications of the Treaty of Tien-
tsin be exchanged without delay at Pekin ; that
when the Minister of her Britannic Majestic pro-
ceeds to Pekin for that purpose, he be permitted to
proceed up the river by Taku to the city Tien-tsin
in a British vessel ; and that provision be made by
the Chinese authorities for the conveyance of him-
self and of his suite with due honour from that city
to Pekin.
" 3. That full effect be given to the provisions of
the treaties, including a satisfactory arrangement
to be made for prompt payment of the indemnity
of 4,000,000 taels, as stipulated in the treaty, for
losses and military expenses entailed on the British
Government by the misconduct of the Canton
authorities."
The undersigned is further directed to state that,
in consequence of the attempt made to obstruct the
passage of the undersigned to Pekin, the under-
standing entered into between the Earl of Elgin
and the Imperial Commissioners in October, 1858,
with respect to the residence of the British Minis-
ter in China, is at an end, and that it rests hence-
forward exclusively with her Britannic Majesty,
in accordance with the terms of Article li. of the
Treaty of Tien-tsin, to decide whether or not she
shall instruct her Minister to take up his abode
permanently at Pekin.
The undersigned has further to observe that the
outrage at the Peiho has compelled her Majesty's
Government to increase her forces in China at a
considerable cost, and the contribution that may be
required from the Chinese Government towards de-

frayg this expense will be greater or less, accord-
ing) the promptitude with which the demands
abo made are satisfied in full by the Imperial
Gornment.

'e undersigned has only to add that, unless he
reeves within a period of 30 days from the date of
thicommunication, a reply conveying the unqua-
lifl assent of his Majesty the Emperor of China
tohese demands, the British naval and military
aulorities will proceed to adopt such measures as
thy may deem advisable, for the purpose of com-
pcing the Emperor of China to observe the en-
goments contracted for him by his plenipoten-
tiries at Tien•tsin, and approved by his Imperial
et of July, 1858.
'he undersigned, &c.
FREDERICK W. A. BRUCE.

Enclosure 2 in No. 5.
DECREE.
Translation.
the Great Council writes a reply (to the Com-
nssioner Ho, which he is) to transmit.
The Council received yesterday (or, a short time
sce) a despatch from the Commissioner, and with
a communication he had forwarded from the
Bitish Minister Bruce, the contents of which have
ocasioned the Council the greatest astonishment.
He states (1), for instance, that Peh-tang was
rtver alluded to by the Imperial Commissioners
Iweiliang and his colleagues. It appears that last
year the Imperial Commissioners, Kweiliang and
lis colleagues, waited for the British Minister at
shanghai for the express purpose of considering
vith him in person all the conditions proper to an
achange of treaties. On ascertaining that the
Ilinister Bruce had arrived at Wu-sung, they wrote
to him several times to engage him to meet them ;
their object being, in fact, to acquaint him that
Taku was fortified (or that arrangements had been
made for keeping people out of Ta.ku), and that he
must go by way of Peh-tang. He, however, repelled
them, refusing them an interview. The Imperial
Commissioners Kweiliang and his colleagues, more-
over, informed him that vessels of war must on no
account (2) crossed the bar ; but the British Mini-
ster paw..., w.Lo. ; and when, on
arriving off the Tien-tsin coast (or, the port or ports
of Tien-tsin), Hang, Governor• General of Chih-li
despatched an officer with a communication to the
effect thatle was to proceed by way of Peh-tang,
and sent him a present of provisions, he would re-
ceive nothing, but suddenly brought his vessels into
Taku, and (commenced) destroying the defensive
apparatus there placed. How can he allege that he
never received the slightest intimation that he was
to go by Peh-tang ? And, as he was coming to
exchange treaties, why did he bring with him ships
of war ? It was plainly his intent to pick a quarrel.
How, then, can he (when the blame is all his own)
charge China with shortcoming towards him.
The defences prepared at Taku are not either
(as he implies) prepared to keep out the British
(3). Suppose that some other nation's ships of
war were to go to the length of presenting them-
selves under British colours, could it be left to them
to commit any breach of propriety they pleased ?
Well, then, the defences of Taku cannot possibly
be removed, even when the treaty shall have been
exchanged.
(Then the demand for) indemnity under different
heads, and for the restitution of guns, arms, and
vessels, is yet more against decorum (4). The war
expenses of China have been enormous. The cost
of defending the coast from Kwang-tung and Fuh-
kien up to Tien-tsin, from first to last, has not been
short of several millions of money. Were she to
demand repayment of England, England would find
that her expenses do not amount to the half of those
of China.

As to restoring ships and guns, the year before
last England destroyed the forts at Taku, and ob-
tained possession of a number of guns belonging to
China; ought she not, then, on her part to be con-
sidering how to make these good ? But, besides
this, half the British ships and guns (demanded)
were sunk in the sea ; they are not in the posses-
sion of China at all. The question may be dropped
therefore by both parties alike.
Then there is (the announcement that) the com-
promise by which, the treaties once exchanged (the
Minister), was to have resided somewhere else, is
at an end. The compromise by which once the
treaties were exchanged (the Minister) was either
to select some other place of residence, or to visit
(the capital) whenever there might be business of
importance to transact, was definitely settled by the
British Minister Elgin in negotiation with the
Imperial Commissioner Kweiliang and his col-
leagues. The revocation of this compromise now
(announced) is even more unreasonable (than all
the other propositions).
Last year when, after the Americans had ex-
changed their treaty, there was an alteration in the
rate of tonnage dues, and the ports of Tai-wan and
Chen-chow (Swatow) were opened to trade, the
British Minister earnestly prayed for a like ar-
rangement (in his favour). The English had not
exchanged their treaty, but His Majesty the Em-
peror, liberal to foreign nations, and full of tender
consideration for the interests of commerce, gra-
ciously sanctioned an extension of the boon to the
English, for which they should be equally grate-
ful (5). But, if the compromise duly negotiated is
to be annulled, there will be no impropriety on the
part of China if she cancel the arrangement by
which she has conceded to the English (the same
advantage of) the improvements in tonnage dues
and trade that accrues to the Americans under
their treaty.
To come to the (British Minister's) request to be
treated with courtesy when he comes north to ex-
change treaties. If he be sincere in his desire for
peace, let the Commissioner, when he shall have
thought over all the details of the treaty, those
which it will be proper to give effect to, and those
respecting which compromise (or arrangement) is
to be made, negotiate (with the British Minister),
and when both parties shall be perfectly agreed, if
he will come north without vessels of war, and with
a moderate retinue, and will wait at Peh-tang to
exchange the treaties, China will not take him to
task for what is gone by. He must be directed to
acquaint himself with the rules (observed or laid
down) at the exchange of the American treaties,
and the course to be pursued will be further discussed
with him (by the Commissioner). But if he be
resolved to bring up a number of vessels of war, and
if he persist in proceeding by way of Taku, this
will show that his true purpose is not the exchange
of treaties, and it must be left to the high officer in
charge of the coast (or port) defences to take such
steps as shall be thereby rendered necessary (lit.,
as shall accord with reason).
The despatch written on this occasion (by the
British Minister) is, in much of its language, too
insubordinate and extravagant (for the Council) to
discuss its propositions more than superficially
(lit., to go deep into argument). For the future he
must not be so wanting in decorum.
The above remarks will have to be communicated
by the Commissioner to the British Minister, whom
it will behove not to adhere obstinately to his own
opinion, as, so doing, he will give cause to much
trouble hereafter.
A necessary communication.

(From the Times.)

China has refused the British ultimatum with
directness and with an insolence such as a great
preparation and a consequent sense of security
alone could have prompted. The terms of the
ultimatum are confined to a confirmation of the
Treaty of 1858, an apology for the outrage at the
mouth of the Peiho, compensation for losses, resto-
ration of ships and material, a revisal of the clause
in the last Treaty on the visits of the British Mini-
ster to Pekin, and an indemnity for the expenses of
the present expedition, according to the obstinacy
of the Chinese resistance. It is evident from the
reply that the Chinese are infatuated with success,
and painful as it is to see them running headlong
to their doom, we cannot help feeling that this is
the long expected justification of ourselves and
others who on several occasions have maintained
against attacks the cause of her Majesty's servants
in these regions. The Chinese have recourse to
every trick of policy, every evasion of argument,
and every folly of invective which the traditions of
our very nurseries have ascribed to their race. In
the first place, and what alone would justify the
present expedition, they refuse to admit that our
remonstrances or ultimatum have been conveyed
to the Emperor, or to give any answer except as
from the Provincial Government, in accordance
with commands from the Great Gouncil. This is
equivalent to a refusal to negotiate in the only sense
of negotiation among civilized countries,—that
between one Sovereign and another. It is evident
that there never was an intention of confirming
the treaty, and that it has not yet been recognised
by the Emperor. The Chinese maintain that the
British and French Ministers were duly warned,
even at Shanghai, not to proceed to Taku, which
had been fortified, as they pretend they had in-
formed us, but to Peh-tang, or the false mouth of
the Peiho, which turns out to be, indeed, no mouth
at all. They still refuse to admit our ships of war
up the Peiho, on the ground that an Ambassador
can require no armament, and that any foe might
assume our flag. Against our expenses they plead
their own greater expenses. The ships and guns
cannot be restored, because they are at the bottom
of the sea, and we had better let them remain there.
They propose to treat our Minister as they treated
the American ; and they criticise the tone of cur
ultimatum and correspondence as insubordinate,
extravagant, and indecorous. The, Emperor's ad- ;
visors, or they who assume the name, could never
have any other purpose than to persist in the policy
of isolation, and leave foreigners no resource agains
any amount of wrong. All the treaties hitherto •

must have been mere hypocrisies, and nothing short
of a visit to the Court of Pekin is likely to obtain
for us the simple rights of trading and sojourning,
conceded by all civilised States to one another.
The real question at issue appears to be whether
we shall continue our intercourse with China on our
terms or on hers. Our terms are those on which
we communicate with all the nations of the world
—simplicity, frankness, hospitality, high principle,
and equality, as between gentlemen. The Chinese,
on the contrary, insist on keeping up the illusion
of an unapproachable Sovereign, an irresponsible
Central Government, and the not less startling illu-
sion of an infinitely superior morality and sense of
decorum. So long as we permit this illusion, and
endure its natural consequences, we must be liable
to continual insult and degradation, to frequent in-
terruption of intercourse, to the cost and trouble of
reinstating ourselves, and the odium of waging war
with a people who know the proprieties neither of
peace nor of war, and over whom victory itself is a
scandal. This is best understood by the analogies
of private life. It may be necessary to have inter-
course with inferior people, but it is for us to choose
whether we will associate with them on:their terms
or our own. We may, if we please, condescend to
their insulated ideas, listen to their petty quarrels,
their invidious estimate of all classes above them,
their perpetual tole of depreciation, their im-
mensely exaggerated opinion of themselves, and the
substitution of one or two distorted ideas and in-
flated sentiments for the recognised maxims and
common sense of well-bred and well-educated
people. If we do this we inevitably sink to their
level, and wallow with them in the same Stygian
pool of malignity and folly. The only escape is
to dictate our own terms ; to mainta- truth,
kindliness, and mutual respect ; n- •
sider ourselves, not as con, ..t.g
society for some gain of our own,
but co-operating wail it for our common good.
Some such P - .ount may be given of the terms
on which we may demand, and do demand, to com-
municate with China. The time has gone by when
she could impose her conditions ; they are con-
demned by the result ; we have tried them and
failed ; we must now impose our conditions with
such ger tie force as may be found necessary. All
policies are judged by the result—not our private
advantage, but the final development. The result
of our former weak and temporising policy in China
is that we are outcasts, and at war, at the very time
that our trade is greater than ever, and some hun-
dred thousand Chinese are settled in the British
dominions. The result on China herself is that
she is torn to pieces and her population decimated
by a wide-spread rebellion, and she is driven to
immense cost in the idle defence of her barbarous
system.

- As it is only eight weeks since the receipt of the
answer to the British ultimatum it must be some
time before the arrival of any important intelli-
gence. It is very clear that whatever we hope to
gain we must gain by force alone, and that we
shall have to win every step by hard fighting. It
is too evident by some painful indications that the
Chinese have clever advisers, who know what they
are about to do long before the event, and whose
interest it is to keep us as far as possible from
Pekin. Other heads than Chinese have laid out
the fortifications, staked the approaches, and even
planted the guns. With this unseen aid the
Chinese surpass themselves in assumption and
defiance. The reply on which the British force
will have to act is not addressed di-
rectly to the British minister, but sent to the
Imperial Commissioner to be forwarded, a mode of
proceeding in the face of the Treaty. The Chinese
refuse altogether to ratify that Treaty at Pekin,
and refer us to Peh-tang. There is reason to be-
lieve that the reference to this place, on our visit
to Taku, was an afterthought simply to mislead
and baffle us ; and that, at the very time we were
told there was no one at Taku to hold communi-
cation with us, the provincial authorities were pre-
sent, directing the soldiers and preventing us from
being informed as to the real state of the case.
Can any one expect that such a people can be
brought to reason otherwise than by the strong
hand ? Having to deal with barbarians is, indeed,
a great responsibility, but we-cannot escape it.
There we are with a mission to discharge, and we
must acquit ourselves as well as we can. At this
moment our course is plain. We have to enforce
a treaty, and it is for the interest of the whole
human race that we should do it quickly and
thoroughly.