The Sun.
London, England, 1869-01-19 00:00:00

TfIE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 19, 1E69.

MISCELLANEOUS A' EIVS.

THE NEW I.OIID-LII 17371 NANT ( F 111ELA5D.

Earl Spencer's entry into Dublin does not seem to
time been a complete " success." Indeed, after the
then Marquis of Abercorn's triumphant debut, the
present was a tame affair. The weather was mizzly.
Niuch of the grandeur of the original proces-
sion was taken away by the addition to
it of " the Corporation," which would —the
Ulster King-at-Arms notwithstanding—take part
in the proceedings. Tho correspondent of the
Standard makes capital out of the want of enthusiasm
which was so marked a feature in former receptions.
The Star enters a protest against any procession at
all. Our contemporary half suggests that the Lord-
Lieutenant should go in by the back door of his
office in a quiet way, take off his comforter, and say
he is ready to begin.
C ONSTITUTIONALISM IN MANCHESTER."

At Cheetharn, a district of Manchester, a Constitu-
tional Asso3iation is in existence, and at the annual
meeting held on Saturday night, great satisfaction
was expressed at the result of the elections in
Lancashire. Mr. Bardsley, the clergyman, and Mr.
Birley, M.P., were the chief speakers, and there was
the usual talk about (' our Protestant institutions
in Church and State," which has been
common any time this hundred years, and
has always been forthcoming when any act of justice,
311th as the emancipation of Roman Catholics, the
relief of Dissenters from the Test and Corporation
Act, the enfranchisement of the middle and then of
the working classes, had to be accomplished. Mr.
Birley, who according to all reports is politically
moribund, was particularly emphatic in his satisfac-
tion at the condition of the Constitutional party.
The Conservatives are certainly patterns of cheerful-
ness under adversity.

of his old p,irishioners at Fulham In a farewell ser-
mon on Sunday, and was to move to Lambeth the
day after. The Bishop of Rochester's declaration in
favour of the weekly offertory has been received with
great satisfaction by the London Free and Open
Church Association, who have made it the subject of
a congratulatory resolution.

FOREIGN AT 07 ES.

BRI7IBII EMIGRAUON TO AMERICA.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
No. M.

The climate of the country to be selected is of the
first importance, and the best for Englishmen may
be briefly described, as that wherein they can work in
the fields during most days throughout the year.
This implies neither excessive cold nor excessive heat,
neither long periods of drought, nor periods of con-
tinuous rain ; and with such an even, temperate
climate, if the soil be ordinarily fertile, the produc-
tions cultivated in England can be raised. A few
words describe them broadly—wheat, potatoes,
meadow grass—for the rest follow in a greater or
lesser degree. Having settled this main question,
a host of minor ones, though material, arise. The
first relates to the inhabitants, the Government, the
language. Savages in the neighbourhood are objec-
tionable in proportion to their numbers, bravery, abi-
lity, cruelty, and hostility, and where the language
of the inhabitants differs; where the Government
does not enforce just and equitable laws, the coun-
try is to be avoided. The security of life and pro-
perty must, in a measure, depend on this, and the
form of government supplies no guarantee ; indeed,
Republics are, on the whole, worse off in this respect
than Monarchies—the most stable Government in
South America being the Empire of Brazil, and the
most insecure, on either the Northern or Southern
continent, being the Republic of Mexico. We may
take it as an undisputed fact that Englishmen ought
not to locate themselves as permanent settlers in
a country whose language is not English, and
whose laws and institutions have not an Eng-
lish basis. As adventurers, as merchants, striving
to gain the means to live hereafter in their native
country, Englishmen might readily proceed to such
lands, but not as emigrants. These considerations
narrow the countries for settlement into the United
States and the English colonies ; the colonies being
further narrowed to the proper meaning of the
term—not conquered countries, such as India and
Ceylon, but settled countries like Australia, New
Zealand, or even the Cape. Many years' possession
of the latter colony has shown that it is not calcu-
lated to attract English emigration, for simple
reasons which can be gathered on reading any book
describing it ; and putting it aside, there remain
the continent of North America and Australasia.
Eash of these emigration fields may be broadly
divided, the former into British America and the
United States, the latter into Australia and New
Zealand. Let us contrast the broad merits of the
antipodean with the American, for, practically, the
question before the English is the one or the other,
but it is first necessary to get an idea of each field.
The difference between Australia and New Zealand
is that, though in a minor degree, between England
and India, which means that the countries are wholl3
dissimilar. Australia is a vast tract of arid, sandy
land, With fertile portions which still partake of these
characteristics. There is a want of flowing water;
it is not a potatoe nor. a meadow grass country.
The hot dry summer scorches up the soil, leaving
the water-courses a series of pools with no visible
connection. It is a good wheat land, but the seri-
ous drawback of Australia is its vast extent, with
comparatively limited areas calculated to carry a
concentrated population, preventing the rapid in-
crease of wealth in settlements so widely sepa-
rated, each with a boundless waste around, into
which drift the already scanty inhabitants, where
they are in a degree lost. New Zealand differs
totally, being limited in area to about the sizo.
of the United Kingdom, consisting, like it, of
two islands. It is a land of frequent showers, of
temperate but stormy climate, sending more water
to the sea than any other tract of equal extent.
Intersected by gigantic mountains, covered with
dense forests, it affords but little space and tracts for
a large and continuous stream of emigration, though
undoubtedly capable of carrying a very condensed
population. Although not adapted as a big field
for emigration, it has great attractions in a small
way, and is destined, though only by degrees—for
it is a difficult country to subdue-- to become what
it has been called, " the Britain of the South." The
North Island is cursed with a very powerful, brave,
and able body of aboriginal inhabitants, who are
likely to deter the settlement of that portion of
the colony for many years, as they hold the fast-
nesses of one of the wildest regions of the world.
Still this is only a third of its area, but per-
haps the best portion, though the wealth is in
the Southern island, which par se is admirably
qualified to receive British emigrants on a limited
scale. The objection first taken to Australasia in
Britain is the distance, the expense being a barrier
to the poorer, while the world's width from home
is cold comfort to the richer. Nor is this mere senti-
ment, for distance is a drawback which must exert an
injurious influence on the antipodal colonies for an
age to come. There is the expense of, and time
lost on the passage, nor for that one only, but for
every future connection, for postage, for freight, and
indeed for all transport rendering produce un-
profitable, which but for the distance would pay,
while detracting from the profit on all other ex-
ports that do pay, and adding to the cost of every-
thing imported from the home country. Per-
haps we can best illustrate the truth of what
we assert by bringing, say, New Zealand to
within a hundred miles of Great Britain, with its
climate and resources precisely as they now are.
In ten years after, it would rank as a power in Eu-
rope, and in a hundred years it would perhaps be as
productive, and therefore as wealthy an island, as
Great Britain. The distance then is a material point,
and as long as the United Kingdom remains the cen-
tre of the Empire it will affect most injuriously these
far-off colonies. A fac-simile of any portion of
England cannot be reproduced anywhere in Austra-
lia, though it can in New Zealand, islands forming
but a small part of what is comprehended in the
word Australasia. The antipodes, then, is not con-
genial to Englishmen ; and although a great effort
will be made to turn the tide of emigration there,
it will, more or less, fail, for these two reasons—dis-
tance and an uncongenial country. The North Ame-
rican Continent is mainly marked by being dividedinto
a colony, and into a foreign country ; and, in pro-
portion as the effort to divert the tide of emigration
to Australia fails, will be the attempt to confine it
to British America. People who learn the results
of former attempts save themselves the trouble and
escape from a delusion which not only disappoints
their efforts, but tends to make mischief. North Ame-
rica is all open ; whether the emigrant be landed
north of the St. Lawrence or south of it the tendency
will be towards the districts which offer the greatest
inducements. This is in obedience to a law of nature
which it is vain to strive against, while we have before
shown that, even if possible, it would be injudicious.
The broad belief whereon the desire is grounded is
that the United States are a hostile community,
and in directing emigration to the Republic, Great
Britain is but strengthening her rival, and perhaps
opinion
rfature enemy. It is astonishing to see an
so general with so poor a foundation,
and that it should not be more apparent, that
this supposed hostile country will become friendly
in proportion to the magnitude of a good, sound
emigration directed there. The noisy element
of hostility arises from the unfriendly portion
of the Irish, which emigration England was ac-
tually pleased to see flow there, as if placing
an enemy in a better position added to her secu-
rity. We have often before urged the advisa-
bility of meeting the Irish with their own wea-
pons, and in their own stronghold, that is, by try-
ing the effect on the United States of a good, sound
English emigration, which, however distasteful to
the Irish there, would be heartily welcomed by the
native American, whom it would tend to strengthen,
for his natural sympathy is with the English, and
not with the Irish. It is then not only useless to make
this distinction in the field for emigration which
must be selected, but, in truth, it is directly for
the interest of the kingdom and of the race that
the continent should be viewed as a whole, the
preference for the United States being encouraged,
rather than the reverse. It gives the most exten-
sive and the finest field ever offered to mankind, in
truth, a choice such as can scarcely fail to please
every taste. In common with all large spaces of land,
the climate, to an Englishman, runs into an ex-
tremes of heat in summer and of cold in winter ; but
this is absolutely unavoidable, the alternative being
an island such as Great Britain ; and the only one

we know of where the climate in the main resembles
that of England is New Zealand. Taking America
then as hotter than England in summer and colder ill
winter, we have a diversified region embrachig all
manner of productions toosuit the labourer in seek-
ing employment, and all manner of agricultural
tracts to suit the taste of the producer, while Govern'
ment offers inducements in liberal grants of land, 111
liberty and citizenship, in equal laws and security at
least equalling those of any other country. It is an
extraordinary fact that the attractions for English
emigration extend over the whole area, broad as it

is ; to be found as well on the Pacific shore as on
the Atlantic ; in Minnesota, bordering on the klud-
son Bay Territory, and in Texas, skirting Mexico.
Tested, as we assert Englishmen should try the
country they select as a home, both Minnesota is
the north and Texas in the south will be found to
answer the requirements, and this is a very Curi-
ous fact, and one which more than any other shows
how uniform the continent in truth is, and adapted
for one nationality. In our next lumber we pro-
pose to deal with these two States in proof of what
we adduce, also taking Maine as the most Eastern
State, and California as the most Western, with
Kansas as the centre of the UniOn ; while we desire
to close our present remarks with a few general
observations on the considerations which should
direct the selection. Locality and availability are
of more importance than fertility. By locality sve
mean the advantages the site affords of getting into
communication with the rest of the world, and the
probabilities it gives of rising into importance in the
future. A navigable river, a great trunk railwah
are such means of communication. By availability
we mean the readiness with which the land can be
turned to account. A tract which has to be cleared
from dense wood, though more fertile, is not s°
valuable for agricultural purposes as the prairie
ready for the plough, as the work of the family al-
most for a generation is required to clear the soil.
Open land therefore will command a greater emi-
gration than the besi, forest country, the more so as
the untouched prairie furnishes grass for live stock,
and thus at once supplies the farmer with the means
of living. This simple fact is the true reason why,
Canada cannot retain her immigrants in the face of
Illinois, lowa, and such States. These are the broad
considerations, while there are numberless minor
ones, which we have not here the space to discuss.

Captain Burton is once more before the public
He is at this moment in Brazil ; but his wife has brought
his manuscript to Europe, and seen through the press his
new work, "Explorations of the Highlands of the
A Maryland Club bas asked Governor Bowie to
appoint Major Contee Adjutant-General of that state,
urging his services to the Confederacy as a reason, stating
that he was conspicuous on the staff of General E/zin,
whose command secured the first battle of Manasses, and
carried victory to the Confederate banners.

The Public Ledger says the London correspon'
dent of the New York Tribune, who made such grievous
complaints of Reverdy Johnson's attending so many din;
ners, is now displeased because the Minister did not attend
the Fishmongers' dinner.

The President's Amnesty Proclamation is Yalu-
able to Breckinridge, who is now proposed for Gover°°,r
of Kentucky.—The case of Judge Busteed, of Alabama, 19
now before the House Judiciary Sub-Committee.—A "WI
of an English Lord," it is announced, has dug a cave enthe bank of the river at Cornwall, Connecticut, in vlhich
he has settled with his family for the winter.—The Boston
Advertiser thinks that William A. Astor is to) rich Or
comfort.—A Chinese printer works on the San Jose
fornia) Mercury.
We extract the following from the Baltimore
Commercial: —"Joseph Howard, jun., managing edit_..,or:
and John Armstrong, city editor of the New York -Deli::
crat, and other members of Pomeroy's staff, have left
paper. The opinion in Printing-house-square is that 17°'
meroy has at last discovered his mistake, and that the
notoriety of his journal having passed away he will soon
be obliged to discontinue its publication. He claims, ho"'
ever, that its success is assured."
Aaron Abbott, father of Senator Abbott, of Nor
Carolina, Carolina, died at Concord, N.H., Dec. W.—Mosby Clan,;"
an old Revolutionary soldier, aged 121 years, died in Rich-
mond, Virginia, Dec. 29.
Major J. B. Coit, of Norwich, Conn., has had the
following brevets conferred upon him :—Lieutenant-n°10;
nal, for gallantry and meritorious services at the battle 0'
Antietam ; colonel, for thebattle of Gettysburg ; brigs
general, for the Wilderness campaign —t.) date from hi itch
13, 1865.—Charles Collins has been appointed superintl'
dent of the Lake Shore Railroad in place of H. Nottil%
ham, who will accept an important position on the Union
Pacific.—Four commissioned officers of the battle of L"-
Erie still survive: Read-Admiral John B. Mantgonli
Commander Stephen Champlin, Captains Thos Brow°e
and Hugh Nelson Page.
Mr. J. Q. A. Warren, of California, left LOUd°l
en Tuesday morning for Paris. He has a large and 1/4":0
collection of the shells and flowers of his own and nth
States. A portion of these ho has already disposed of to t
British Museum, and many critical notices of his rare ;no
beautiful specimens have appeared in London Snitgito
journals.
Dr. J. G. Holland, an American author and P 10;
and an editor of the Springfield Republican, is at Naio.P sit
Professor Perkins, a distinguished astronomer of -10
York, is also there. Mr. Longfellow and family sr° 15"
in Rome.

On New Year's Day, Daniel M. Fox was ins as
gurated Mayor of Philadelphia. The oath of office r,";
e
administered by Judge Allison, in presence of the
hCiosusncils. Mr. M‘Michael, the rering ayor, escort
successor to the Mayor's office, and put Mhim in P°sseot
sion of the same. The contest for the office, on 10°0
c,f alleged frauds in the election, is pending' before the
Court.
The demurrer to the declaration of 1, •
Chenery in his suit against John Z. Goodrich, late the
lector of Customs at Boston, has been overruled by to
Supreme Court, which has declared that "the declel"tt—to
sets forth sufficient cause of action." This action 161,0
recover damages, laid at $25,000, for Mr. Goodrich
charge, in his pamphlet of two years ago, that Oben°
cheated the Government out of $2,993 by an evasioll
double duty. 13g
The Pacific Mail Steamship Company, NO: to
a line between San Francisco and China, has refuse' 4,
give bonds of indemnity, or pay commission elloe
for the emigrants brought into California. Bei° —rug
therefore been brought to recover the penalty for 114;0010.
4,921 Chinese passengers, which amounts to s4,92'h' ;et
The company argue that the State law on this ee'ito.
imposes a tax on commerce, and is, therefore, unconetliv,
tional. The commutation money, $5 per head, ij„°
ever, paid by the emigrants at the port of embarkati°";
Florida is called the poor man's paradise ,
YO
correspondent. He says a 500 dollar house there is
yp
good as a 2,500 dollar one at the North. The" 81.:0
wood-pile or hay-mow to provide and land is 0 ,11
9 v-
)
an acre.
a. el
The letter-carriers in Wilmington, Deler
1104
made their appearance on New Year's Day in their
uniforms. The suits are of grey cadet cloth, triino
with black. The buttons, of brass, have the letters •

stamped upon them.
ADVERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Ointment an. par"
External Diseases.—Every description of ulceration, sere'..ati°
wound, and indolent ulcer is at once arrested in its dee';ol
progress by the early and judicious application of this
.0
ointment, which substitutes healthy for unhealthy ectlo,°l3K;
soothes and cools all inflammatory affections of the 8'
vents their spreading, and ultimately leaves the surface
When the disease has been of long duration, HolloWaY 060
should be taken while his ointment is being used ; %It atiotif
the cure by purifying the blood and regulating the cirfe 101q1
The ointment is an admirable auxiliary in subduing tiye
rashes and eruptions common to the nursery; there ti'at.
use of these medicaments will ease many an aching he'lllooo4

Births.
DURRANT—On the 15th inst., at Ford's Hotel,llllwil l •

Sir Henry Durrant, Bait, of SCOtiOVT 11°14
daughter.
il/
e AYl°
MACPHERSON—On the 16th inst., at Edinburgh' ,
.
of Major Macpherson, of Glentruim, of a son. f liar°
NISBET—On the 18th inst at Kilburn, the wifele Ci-
C. Nisbet, Esq., of a son.
Marriages. il °I
HORMUTII—MERINO —On the 16th inst., at the i.,l°l'`cof
Catholic Church of St. Mary's, WestmorelauVer
~
Maurice Eformuth, Esq., to Mathilda, only dal-1761000V
Peiro N. Merino, Esq, of 27, Arundel-gardens' .1"
f,
bill. iv.
SIMMONDS—MAY—On the 16th inst., at Charlton' sec oV
G. 11. Simmonds, Esq., of Penge, to Sophia, Ilio floos
(laughter of Geo:ge May, Esq., of Sidalog'
Reading.

Deaths. *ore, 13.
AnmsTnosG—On the 15th iiist , at 29 Chester-S(1
o
B
, of
. Armstrong, ag.ed 84. '
BnOMLEY—On the 16th inst. at Pau, Clara FitorYeld6o'f
of Thos. Bromley, Esq., of Stoke-park, Notts,?T coo
daughter of Sir Fitzroy Kelley, Lord Chief if9'
e'
the Exchequer. Dent' CALI' a
HOPE—On the IGth inst., at Bed<reburY park, 3erer
rine, fifth daughter of Mr. and Lady.-Mildre'—
Hope, aged 21.
(-11'. A 86'
. ...0
LANGLEY—On the 17th inst , ophia LangleLangleygs.,) tlaofr'
SINGLETON—On the 17th ins.t , at No. 5, Lower
street, C. J. Singleton, Esq., aged 66. '..
___----50'
- .
..,
London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM '--- go - i
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tan Sus Oinc'booti °
Strand, in the Precinct of the Ss vosr, in the
Iliddlesex,—Tuesday, January 19, 180.