The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-13 00:00:00

FRANCIS 11.

Since a reckless adventurer, possessing all the force of
which revolutionary Europe can dispose, has attacked our
dominions, under the name of an Italian Sovereign who is
both a relation and a friend, we have striven for five months
long, with all the means in our power, on behalf of the
sacred independence of our States.
The fortune of war has proved contrary to us. The
reckless enterprise of which the above Sovereign protested
his ignorance in the most formal manner, and which never •
thelegs at the moment when negotiations were going on for
an intimate alliance between us, received in his own States
its principal support and assistance, that enterprise at
which the whole of Europe looked on with indifference, after
having proclaimed the principle of non-intervention, leaving
us alone to fight against the common enemy, is now upon
the point of extending its disastrous effects to our own
capital. The forces of the enemy are now approaching
this neighbourhood.
On the other hand, both Sicily and the provinces of the
Continent, which for a long time have been agitated in every
manner by a revolution, rising in insurrection under so
great an excitement, have formed Provisional Governments
under the title and nominal protection of the above Sove-
reign, and have confided to a pretended Dictator full autho-
rity and the decision of their destiny.
Strong in our rights, founded upon history, in interna-
tional treaty, and in the public law of Europe, we intend to
prolong our defence while it is possible, yet we are no less
determined upon every sacrifice in order to save this vast
metropolis, the glorious home of the most ancient memories,
the birthplace of national art and civilisation, from the
horrors of anarchy and civil war.
In consequence we shall retire beyond the walls with our
army, confiding in the loyalty and in the love of our sub-
jects for the preservation of order, and for respect being
shown to authority.

In taking this determination we are conscious of a duty
which our ancient and uncontested rights, our honour, the
interest of our heirs and successors, and, more than all, the
welfare of our most beloved subjects, have imposed upon us,
and therefore we protest loudly against all acts which have
been accomplished up to this time, and against the events
which are on the point of completion, or which may be ac-
e mplished in future. We reserve them all our rights and
privileges arising from the most sacred and incontestible
laws of succession, as well as from the force of treaties, and
we declare solemnly that all the aforesaid acts and events
aro null, void, and of no effect. For what concerns us, we
leave our cause and the cause of our people in the hands of
Almighty God, under the firm conviction that during tho
short space of our reign we have not entertained a single
thought that was not devoted to the happiness and the good
of our subjects.
The institutions which we have irrevocably guaranteed
them are the proofs of this. This protest of ours shall be
transmitted to every Court, and WO desire that, signed by
us, provided with the seal of our Royal arms, and counter-
signed by our Minister of Foreign Affairs, it should be pre-
served in our Royal offices of the exterior as a record of our
firm resolution always to oppose reason and right to violence
and usurpation.

FRANCESCO 11,
DE MAR LINO.

Naples, Sept. 6, 1860.
ROYAL rItOCLAMATION.
Naples Sept. 6,1860.
Among the duties prescribed to Kings, those of the days
of misfortune are the grandest and the most solemn, and I

intend to fulfill them with resignation free from weakness,
1 and with a serene and confident heart, as befit the descend-
ants of so many monarchs. For such a purpose I once
more address my voice to the people of this metropolis, from
whom I am now to depart with bitter grief.
An unjust, war, carried on in contravention to the law
of nations, has invaded my States, notwithstanding the fact
that I was at peace with all the European Powers.
The changed order of government and my adhesion to
the great principles of Italian nationality were not suffi-
cient to ward off the war ; and, moreover, the necessity of
defending the integrity of the State entailed upon me the
obligations of events which I have always deplored ; there-
fore I solemnly protest against this indescribable hostility,
concerning which present and future time will pronounce
its solemn verdict.
The Diplomatic Corps residing at my Court has known
since the commencement of this unexpected invasion with
what sentiments my heart has been filled for all my people,
as well as for this illustrious city, with a view of securing
her from ruin and war, of saving her inhabitants and all
their property, her sacred churches, her monuments, her
public buildings, her collections of art, and all that which
forms the patrimony of her civilization and of her great-
ness, and which, being an inheritance of future generations,
is superior to the passions of a day.
Tho time has now come to fulfil these professions of mine.
Tho war is now approaching the walls of the city, and
with unutterable grief I am now to depart with a portion of
my army to betake myself where the defence of my rights
calls me. The remainder of my army remains in company
with the honourable National Guard, in order to protect
the inviolability and safety of the capital, which I recom-
mend as a sacred treasure to the zeal of the Ministry ; and
I call upon the honour and the civic feeling of the Mayor
of Naples and the Commandant of the said National Guard
to spare this most beloved country of mine the horrors of
internal discord and tho disasters of civil wars, for which
purpose I concede to the above-named the widest powers
that they may require.
As a descendant of a dynasty that has reigned over this
continent for 126 years, after having preserved it from
the horrors of a long viceroyalty, the affections of my
heart are here. lam a Neapolitan, nor could I without
bittergrief address words of farewell to my most dearly be-
loved people—to my fellow-citizens.
Whatever may be my destiny, be it prosperous or ad-
verse, I shall always preserve for them a passionate and
affectionate remembrance. I recommend to them concord,
peace, and strict observance of their civic duties. Let not
an excessive zeal for my dynasty be made a pretence for
disturbance.
Whether from the fortunes of the present war I return
shortly among you, or whatever may b 3 the time at which
it may please the justice of God to restore me to the throne
of my ancestors, a throne made all the more splendid by
the free institutions with which I have irrevocably sur-
rounded it, all that I pray from this time forth is to behold
again my people united, strong and happy.
FRANCIS 11.
The protest is a matter of course and requires no
remark.

I really do not know which is the greatest
marvel, the rapid and triumphant progress of
Garibaldi, or the perfect calm• and order of the
people. A throne has fallen, a King has left his
capital to-day, and yet the aspect of everything is
unchanged, the theatres are open, th Guards stand
at the Palace gates, and all classes pursue their
usual occupations.
And now for Garibaldi, whose fame and pro-
portions, though great at a distance, assume a
gigantic form as he approaches Naples. A few
days since he was at Faro, Pizzo, Paola, Castro-
villari, and on the evening of the sth he had arrived
at Ercole ; this morning, the 6th, we hear that he
arrived at Salerno, and was followed by the Divi-
sions of Cosenz and Turr, in vehicles of every kind
and description. Fabrizi also was following close
with the insurgents of the Basilicata and Principato.
" Numerous disembarkations were being made on
different points of the Gulf of Salerno and the Bay
of Naples." So says the Intendente of the Province.
Garibaldi arrived almost alone with his Aide-de-
Camp, and, proceeding to the Intendente's, pre-
sented himself at the balcony to a frenzied popu-
lation with the Piedmonteso flag in his hand. At
La Cava he dined, and there I leave him until to-
morrow morning. Yet let me record one fact of
this wonderful man, who is the very soul of energy,
and has the art of inspiring all his followers with
the same. For three days in succession he marched
40 miles a day, the rations of his troops being
limited to bread and a small quantity of wine. The
English officers who passed by in the French
steamer reported the army, notwithstanding, to be
in a healthy state. Salerno is, of courpe, emptied
of the Royalist troops, who have fallen back upon
- Nocera. The foreign troops have been fighting
among themselves. Orders have been given to them
all to concentrate finally at Capua and Gaeta, but
before long I expect to hear of their having sent in
their adhesion to Victor Emmanuel.

SEPT. 7.
As soon as his Majesty left a Provisional Govern-
ment was formed, consisting of Pianelli, Libertini,
Bella, Colonna, Conforti, Agresti, and Ricciardi.
Cosenz was appointed pro-Dictator, and Bertani Se-
cretary-General. This, of course, is subject to modi-
fication by Garibaldi. At the same time Liborio
Romano, ex-Minister of the Interior, publishes the
following iddress :
To TRE MOST. INVINCIBLE GENERAL GARIBALDI,
DICTATOR OF THE Two SICILIES.

With the greatest impatience Naples awaits your arrival
to salute you as the redeemer of Italy, and place in your
hands the powers of the State and its destinies. During
this interval of expectation I shall remain firm for the main-
tenance of order and public tranquillity. Your voice, already
made known by me to the people, is the great pledge of the
success of such enterprises.
I await your further orders, and am, with unbounded
respect, LIBORIO ROMANO.
Naples, Sept. 7.
And now for the events of the day. Garibaldi
is among us—sooner by many days than we had
expected. He marched, as one of his followers said
to me to-day, for several days 45 miles consecu-
tively. Well, he arrived at Salerno yesterday, and
had, I am given to understand, a most brilliant
reception. " Perhaps he may come in for the Feast
of Pie di Grotto," said some, but I was thunder-
struck at the information of a friend this morning
that he was to be here " within the hour." There
was no time to be. lost, and so, through rather a
dull and forsaken looking town, we drove to the
railway. There were no signs of preparation on
the road—a banner of the Madonna hung across
the street from the church to the barracks, but no
Sardinian flag. There was no hurry-scurry in the
streets, and I thought that there might have been
some mistake about the matter, but nothing of
the kind. At the railway National Guards were
stationed at all the entrances, and flags were coming
down in rapid succession, for the arrival of the Dic-
tator was sudden, like everything he does, and
people were unprepared. The waiting-rooms inside
were full of the most eminent characters of Naples,
at least among the Liberals. There were all the
members of the Comitato which has issued its mys-
terious commands for so many months ; Azala, the
new commander of the National Guard; Leopardi,
the historian ; a great many of our countrymen,
Lord Llanover among the number; a few, but very
few, lkdies, as still there was an impression that a
row might take place. I stood by a priest who was
Chief of the Provisional Government of Lecce, and
who indulged in anecdotes of Garibaldi, whom he
knew well in Rome. But what delays the Dicta-
tor ? Half-past 10 o'clock, and he does not make
his appearance. At last a bell rings, a train ap-
proaches, and there is a tremendous burst of
" Vivas ;" but no, it is not the hero ; it is a convoy of
Bavarian soldiers who have lately deserted and are
joining the winning cause. So we turn round again
and talk over the sufferings and persecutions of the
last 12 years, and point out all the remarkable men
in the room. A last 12 o'clock strikes and a bell
sounds, and from a distance a signal is made that
Garibaldi is approaching. Viva Garibaldi !''
rises from a thousand voices, and the train stops ;
a few red-jackets get out, and they are seized,
hugged, and kissed with that most unmerciful
violence which characterises Italian ardour.
There was one poor elderly man ,•ho by
virtue of his white beard was takenfoiCarhi-e
Gari-
baldi, and was slobbered so that I thought
must have sunk under the operation, but the great.
great man had gone round by another door, and so
there was a rush in all directions to intercept him,
We drove round by a side- street to the front of the
Carmine, and thus by a knowing dodge we came in
front of the Dictator. There is no mistaking that
face; there is the grandeur and the openness of
nature's nobleman expressed,
one thing while Iplotting
of many of the so-called and it does not say
another; it is marked by
a loyalty which in vain might be sought for in that
great ones of the earth. 1
was much struck with his calm self-possession and
the extreme sweetness of his smile. He was not in