The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-02 00:00:00

but £lOO a year should have devoted himself to
some honourable occupation, and lived within his
means—a course of conduct not derogatory even to
the son of a Duke, but, instead of that, they found
him indulging in luxuries, and, he was afraid, vices
and transactions that would not bear the light of
day. The discretionary clause gave the power of im-
prisonment for six months, but calendar months were
not specified, and it was a rule of law that where
that was the case lunar months should be take' to
be meant. He should proceed under the penal
clause, but no further than to alter the six lunar
months in the discretionary clause into calendar
months. The insolvent would have to be imprisoned
for six calendar months from the date of his vest-
ing order.
Messrs. Basham, jun., and Wilson were appointed
assignees.

ME PROPOSED ME -IT MA.RKET AT

8111ITHEIELD.

On Saturday last, at noon, a special meeting of
the Markets Improvement ommittee, summoned
by direction of sir. H. L. Taylor, the chairman, was
held in No. 1 committee-room, Guildhall, to con-
sider what steps should be taken by the Corpora-
tion in relation to the bill before Parliament for
the erection of a meat and poultry market on the
site of Smithfield, and also to consider the altera-
tions made by the Committee of the House of Com-
mons in reference to that measure.

Mr. H, L. Taylor presided, and a large number i
of the members of the committee were present.
A long discussion took place, in the course of
which several members objected to the alterations
made by the Parliamentary Committee, and contended
that unless the amount of rent, namely,lld. per square
foot per week was allowed, as recommended and
agreed to by the Corporation, the Court of Corn-
mon Council should not be recommended further to
prosecute the bill. It was agreed that it was an im-
portant matter that the Parliamentary Committee
had conceded the principle of levying a toll on the
goods brought into the market for reimbursing the
Corporation for their outlay, but it was objected
that the amount should have been altered to a
farthing upon 201bs. instead of 141bs. ; and for this
reason also it was thought that the bill should not
be proceeded with.

Dr. Ross and other members urged that it was
the duty of the Corporation, seeing the necessity
which existed at the present time for the erection
of a central market for the sale of provisions in the
City of London, to continue the bill if they could
not get the amount of rent and toll as originally

,proposed, that they should accept the alterations as
made by the committee of the House of Com-
nions. This argument, however, met with strong
opposition, and it was agreed by a majority that
unless Government could be induced to insert a
clause fixing the toll at the original sum of one
farthing for ICUs., and the rent at three halfpence
per square foot, instead of a farthing for 201b5., and
one penny per foot, as agreed to by the Parliamen-
tary Committee, the Corporation should be recom-
mended not to proceed with the measure.
The importance of the question was agreed to on
all sides, and ultimately it was arranged that
several members of the committee should wait
upon the Home Secretary to learn the opinion of
the Government in reference to the subject. As
soon as the conference has been held we understand
that the Lord Mayor will be requested to call a
special court of Common Council, when the report
of the Markets Improvement Committee will be
br6ught up and considered by the members of the
Corporation.

POLAND.

The following is the speech delivered by Prince
Witold Czartoryski at the annual meeting of the
Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, on
the 26th ult. :
My Lords and Gentlemen,—My father desired me to
attend your meeting, in order to express to you, in the name
of our countrymen, in the name of the whole of Poland,
the sense of admiration with which we are penetrated for
your generous persevering labours. When I had last the
happiness of attending your annual meeting, it was pre-
sided over by Lord Dudley Stuart. I can assure you he
is constantly present to our memory, and nothing occurs
of importance in the world, but we are heard to exclaim,
" Oh that Lord Dudley Stuart was there." However, though
he be lost to us, the spirit that animated him is not lost.
The task of which he became the expression, has been
nobly, and in a truly edifying manner, carried on by your •
selves. Poland knows your names, and repeats them with
blessings. She knows that you are her stedfast friends,
and defenders of her cause, alas ! A cause of justice, and
therefore to your honour be it said a cause of sacrifice
and devotion. The late war in Italy, and the share taken
by France in her liberation has greatly cheered our hopes.
We trust our turn also will come • and we firmly believe that
when that desired moment shall have arrived, the aid of Eng-
land like ivise will not be found wanting. On the contrary, we
are persuaded that we shall be supported by the forces of
France and England united together. And when was that
moment more propitious than now ? When the three powers
(our enemies) that you would not for re erlyremonstrate with,
because they were strong, are now weak, and one may say
thoroughly disorganised; for surely the diminution of their
forces has not in your eyes diminishedtheir guilt, and when
Poland certainly shows that her friends in the West will
find her ready to face her enemies. Poland has given up
wasting her energiesgies on dark trammels and unprofit-
able conspiracies. She is bent now wholly on the bring-
ing forth her latent internal forces. She is multiplying
her commercial enterprises, agricultural associations,
banking establishments, in a word, giving herself
up entirely to internal activity, peaceably and openly,
under the very eyes of her present rulers. But
whilst she is doing that, our enemies, and above all Russia,
have not relented from their murderous, exterminating
policy. With Russia the system is what it was—protection
of law, none ; personal security, none ; religious freedom,
none ' • schools, none ; but police agents innumerable, and
venal functionaries as numerous as they aro immoral, be •
yond cure. But mark this, gentlemen, this enemy of ours
is not only an enemy of Poland; Russia is above all,
more than is believed in this oountry, the enemy of Eng-
land, the very foe of civilisation, being herself the seat
and focus of barbarism. If Russia, on the one hand,
seeks to destroy everything that is Polish, or that
tends to the civilisation and progress of Europe; she ad-
vances, on the other hand, with gigantic strides in Asia,
armed with the powerful weapons of European know-
ledge, and assimilates to herself the barbarous nations she
brings into subjection. This ceaseless labour has already
lasted for six centuries. It began when the Russian empire
was founded by Prince George Dolgoruki, the first con-
queror of the countries which constitute Central Russia.
The Ouralian and Semitic races which he found there spoke
various languages, and professed the Pagan, the Mahome-
tan, or the Jewish faith. The Russian Czars imposed
upon these inferior races an official Russian language and
religion, the spiritual head of the latter residing at Moscow
under their absolute supervision. These races resisted with
vigour the rule thus attempted to be forced upon them
until the 16th century, when at length all were converted
to the language and religion of their masters, as the Indians
were in Spanish America. Their customs, their character,
and their local institutions remained, and are still in their
normal Asiatic condition. But since the 16th century all
these races have been assimilated. Upwards of 40 millions of
men, speaking the same language, professing the same
faith, clad in the same costume, constitute the huge nucleus
of an incessant spirit of conquest. Russia has of late suc-
ceeded in overcoming the long protracted resistance of the
Circassians. Promises, Russian decorations, and money
are the arms which have been most effectual in securing
this object. This people, which has for half a century
arrested Russia in her progress of encroachment,
is now conquered,. dispirited, and deserted by
Turkey and the Western Powers, forced to march
against its natural friends under Russia's banner.
A project, originating from St. Petersburg, for uniting all
these races into an army of Sepoys of unlimited number, is
already in execution. The Russian army of the Caucasus,
which is the flower of all the troops in that Empire, will
be employed elsewhere. The majority of the races in-
habiting the Caucasian provinces have already contributed,
and are contributing, their contingents to this projected
force. If England permits Russia to execute this new plan
of military organisation in the Caucasus, an indigenous
Russian army will, in a few years, suffice to conquer the
whole of Asia Minor, and to march to the gates of Con-
stantinople. Further eastward Russia has conquered and
organised the hordes of Baskirs, Kirgises, Kahnucks, and
Turcomans. She has the Caspian and the Sea of Aral;
her steam flotillas have taken possession of the rivers of
Sirdaria and Dhihoun. The Khanats of Khocan, Khiva,
and Bokhara yet enjoy an illusory independence. The fort
of Perowski on the Sirdaria, 500 miles east. of the Sea of
Aral, commaids the district of Khocan, whose inhabitants
have, after several fruitless attacks, despaired of retaking
it. On the day when a railway will connect the Caspian
with the Sea of Aral, embracing a distance of hardly 100
miles, all this portion of Central Asia will virtually
belong to Russia ; for she will then be able to send
her troops as far as Cachemir and into the midst of the
land of the Sikhs. At this instant, however, Russia
is weak and disorganised. She waits with anxiety for
a great change, which may increase her strength ten-
fold. Whether this change will be produced quietly, or
by means of a terrible revolution, it is impossible to foresee.
Whatever happens, there is no reason to hope that any
greater security against Russian aggression will accrue to
Europe; for, in order that this might be, it would be ne-
cessary that this revolution shouldintroduce into the minds
of the Russians the civilizing ideas of the 'West, and that,
so to say, the whole of the Russian nation should pass over
to the side of the Western Powers. It is very doubtful
whether they either could or would do this. A new party
is now springing into existence in Russia, consisting of all
the intelligent and generous minds in the empire, called
" Young Russia." This party is called upon, by the force of
circumstances, to take the place of the old German bureau-
cracy, and the strange organisation it has imposed upon the
Russians—Peter the Great and the dynasty of Holstein
Got.torp. But these supposed chiefs of all progress in.
Russia curse and detest the Western nations. In all their
writings they accuse Western society and civilisation
of
rottenness and corruption. M. Herzen, their chief, in
an address to the Poles, holds out to them the hand of
brotherhood, exhorts them to become true democrats, to
unite themselves with old Russia, and to realise true liberty
on earth, the eradication of all ieligion, communism, &c.
Such are the sentiments of
mmoemnewnthfoomr
naerteiovnolhuatisonarNrviovued
Europe
willld
render all-powerful. The
not
If, now that there is yet time,
effort in the cause of justice, the moment gill soon come
when she will have to use extreme measures not to perish
herself. Poland is always at her post, ready to do her

duty. She waits.
The Prince then presclated the noble chairman with the
map of ancient Poland,. elegantly bound, executed, and
published by the Poles in Paris, under the patronage and
s-uperintendencc of Prince Czartcrvski, General Count
Zamoyski, and General Chrzanowski. On the cover WaS
the following inscription in gold letters :--"To the Most
Noble the Marquis Townshend, President of the Literary
Association of the Friends of Poland, this token of respea
and gratitude is offered by Oa publiolaro,"