The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-05 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

The Freeman's Journal, reviewing the past week's
trade, says :
" Barley is sctrce, and an exception to the general
decline. Produce has been sparingly dealt in, and
prices manly just sustained. Stocks and shares not largely
dealt in, and quiet. Money is rather easier, and credit
well supported.
"The stock market has again been in a state of in-
activity, and no fluctuation exceeding an eighth per
cent. has occurred. Tae closing price to-day is exactly
the same as on Monday, viz , 95 ; New Three per
Cents, are n dearer. These prices appear to be up-
held with difficulty on the present uncertain slate of
the Continent and di,quieting state of thh exchange 4.
The impression appears to be that prices are extremely
high under existing circumstance., of which there can
hardly be a doubt."
The Customs duties are 17,8251., against 22,0001. the
corresponding week last year—decrease, 4,175/. The
large payments last year previous to the change con-
tinue to effect the comparison. Paid this week on tea.
6,231/. ; refined sugar, 1,352/. ; muscovado sugar,
2,8431. ; enffee, 124/. ; wine, 2,308/. ; spirits, 447/. ;
tobacco, 4,068/. ; timber, 751. ; and miscellaneous, 374/.
The total sum paid since .July 1 is i'94,688
Same period last year 128.727

Decrease...

..X34,039

RAOOED OR REFORMATORY SCOOOI.S.--The Commit-
tee of Council on Education have cancelled all former

minutes and agreed to grant substantial and permanent
aid to reformatory and ragged schools. The minute by
which this rePo:ution is made known to the managers of
thesq institutions provides that no school shall be admis-

Bible to aid "unle-ss it be industrial in its character, and

unless the scholars be taken exclusively from the crimi-
nal and abandoned classes." These conditions being
complied with, the Council are-1. To pay half of the
rent. 2. To pay one-third of the anaunl cost of tools l Most of our readers are doubtless in some degree ac
and of raw material for labour. 3. To make grants quaiuted with the processes by winch printers and pub-
towards the cost of boaks, maps, and apparatus upon fishers of literary works are enabled, by means of stereo-
the same terms as to other schools. 4. To pay 351. to type plates cast from the types of such works, to obtain
the treasurers of any reformatory in respect of every per- an equivalent for those types. and at the same time ren-
son qualified to teach whoshail have keen boarded, lodged, der them available for other books. One of these pro-
and trained as a master for a year in the institution, ceesos, we may state, is t ) take a stucco mould or matrix
and holding certificates of merit from her Majesty's iu- from the types, and from this to obtain a metal cast or
°Pectore of schools. 5. To great half of the salary paid stereotype plate, while, by what is called the " paper
to the teacher, and :Alf of his assistant's salary ; rip, process," a matrix is formed by beating softened paper or
teacher to have more than 25 scholars for the maater, and pulp into the types with a hard brush. All who have
between 25 and 50 for each assistant. 6. "To grant as ha i any practical knowledge of stereotyping will be ready,
.capitation on every child (according to the number in we believe, to admit that both of these processes involve
average attendance during the year preceding the annual considerable trouble and expense, and are detrimental to
inspection) who is not paid for by the Lords Commis- the types. An altogether new and very simple method of
sioners of the Treasury under the act 17th and 18th Vic.,
c. 86, the stun of 50s, per stereotyping has just beer. discovered ano patented jointly
child be fed at the school." annum, provided that such by Mr. Hogg, publisher, of Edinburgh, and Mr. Napier ;
Reformatories and raagrid and we have had an opportunity of Fleeing it in opera-
schools coming within the operation of this act are to be tion. Mr. Hogg's process consists of a mixture of various
under the special inspection of her Majesty's inspectors ingredients, finely pulverised, and mixed up to the con-
of schools. The instructions to the inspectors are very sistency of putty. In this state the substance is spread
minute. On the subject of appointing
"
teachers, the with a knife on a piece of wrapping paper, and then
minute of instructions says, You Wilt observe that
the passed under an accurately adjusted straight edge, by
Government leaves the choice of teachers absolutely to which means a surface as smooth and equal as a sheet of
the managers, interposing no test whatever except the in- paper is obtained. The material for the matrix being thus
spectors' annual reports upon certain paints." •
Ile formed, it is laid on the types, the composition, in a soft
principal °lnc, rin each school must "in alt cases be well state, being next the face. An impressiou is then taken
enough instructed to be able to control and to be reaper.. by the common printing press ; but the pressure re-
sible for the work of the school-room." As regards the quired is so slight that Mr. Hogg uses an ordinary copy-
standard of education, it is provided that the literary ing.preas for the purpose. The matrix affixed to the
ability of a teacher may be regarded as sufficient if the lace of the types is then laid on a gently heated hot plate
inspector is satisfied that the boys under his charge learn. for about twenty minutes, after which it is ready for
a manner as to acquire being
to read, write, and cipher in such . . cast from. The advantages over any of the pro-
the practical command of those arts in earning their ceases now in use are very considerable. From the ire-
bread and makinz their way in the world. " A boy who ?session being taken as in the ordinary mode of print-
reads with difficultyand without intelligence, who writes ing, a perfectly level surface on the face of the stereo-
InPerfectly and spells ill, who cannot readily apply the
type plate is attained.
There is not the slightest
shrinking or
rules of arithmetic to a common transaction of the shoptwisting of the matrix as in casting from
or of wages," might, it is assumed, "as well, for most stucco. No more damage is done to the types than by
practical purposes, be
unable to read, write, or cipher pulling a proof at the hand press ; what printers will
at all," and this test the inspectors are instructed I igo- understand as low spaces and leads are preferred ; there
rously,to apply. "In the same way," says the minute, is so filling up of the types with the material of which
"as to religious knowledge,- -
a you should end ea- the matrix is made, and the types are returned as clean
your to ascertain that the doctrines and the as they leave the hands of the compositor, no brushing
maxims of Christianityor stashing out being necessary. are taught in such a washing out , . „ Little of what is on-
manner as to be likely to become motives and deretsod as ' picaing of the plates is required, while the
rules of conduct ;" and, iu respect of practical duties in 1 saving to the printer in the wear of types is very great.
the workshop, the inspectors are instructed to see that This will at once be apparent to those acquainted wish
the work of industrial schools is really properly done, stereotyping, either from the stucco or paper process.
4, You are to bear in mind," says the council, "that no In stucco all low portions of the forms of types must be
oral delivery of moral lessons can be so effective as that filled up, and the face of the type brushed out, while
which results from daily practice. You will not, there, what remains of the stucco must either be cleaned out by
fore, allow any general professions to weigh against the the stereotyper, or, what is generally the practice, picked
evidence which a school or work*shop may present in it- out by the compositor as be best can. By the "paper"
self of a want cf order, obedience, and cleanliness. A process great damage is done to the types by the pulp
disobedient, dirty, ill•cooditioned lad 'is not to be talked being beaten into them, and from the metal requiring to
out of those habits,' but can only be cured by being be used at a comparatively low heat the plates are
obliged to live in daily and hourly contact with the prac- softer. The process we have been describing permits of
cal opposites of them." . the metal being used at any temperature.

NEW PROCESS OF STEREOTYPING.