The Sun.
London, England, 1856-02-21 00:00:00

THE MEDITERRANEAN.

SOUTHAMPTON, FEB. 20.
By the Royal Mail Company's steam-ship
Euxine, captain Joy, with the India, China, and
Mediterranean mails, in charge of Lieut. Pearson,
R.N , we have dates from Alexandria, Feb. 6 ;
Malta, 10 ; and Gibraltar, 16.
The Euxine has on board 38 passengers, and on
freight one package of specie, value not stated,
and a cargo consisting of 5 boxes of dates, 50 boxes
of oranges, 2 boxes of tea (samples), 8 quarter
casks of wjne, 36 cases of crape shawls, 223 bales
and 92 cases of silk, 122 bales of goats' hides,
1. bale of hemp, 70 cases of indigo, and 78 packages
of merchandise.

The Euxine during the voyage experienced fine
weather in the Mediterranean, strong N.W. winds
along the coast of Spain and Portugal, and across
the Bay of Biscay and up the Channel N.E. winds
with rain.
At Malta wore her Majesty's ships Royal Albert,
Hannibal, Agamemnon, Princess Royal, St. Jean
d'Acre, Tribune, Iligliflyer, Miranda, Himalaya,
Swallow, Curlew, Sidon, Leopard, Terrible,
Sphynx, Medina, Shearwater, Lynx, Wrangler,
Beagle, and Viper.
The Peninsular and Oriental Company's screw
steam-ship Pera was at Malta, repairing the da-
mage to her machinery, and would sail for South-
ampton on the 11th inst. The India, China, and
Mediterranean mails which should have arrived by
the Pera have been brought to England by the
Enxine.
Intelligence from Gibraltar is to the 16th instant.
The screw. steam-ship British Queen, six and a-half
days from Liverpool, arrived out on the 6th inst.
The British brig Lyons, Duff master, which sailed
from Gibraltar-bay laden with sulilur for Cork,
took fire off Cape St. -Vincent. The captain and
crew were obliged to abandon the vessel, and ar-
rived at Gibraltar on the 4th, in the Dutch galliot
Margaretba Gesina.
The Spanish steamer Guadalete, which anchored
in Gibraltar-bay on the 6t,b, landed. at Algesiras
upwards of 300 Spanish infantry soldiers from Ca-
diz
to relieve an equal number f4crn the former j

garrison. The relieved troops were conveyed by
the same steamer to Cadiz. This mode of convey-
ance; by steam, is solely attributable to the bad
state the roads were in between the two places,
occasioned by the continued heavy rains.
Her Majesty's screw-steam corvette Cossack ar-
rived at Gibraltar from England on the morning
of the Btlii inst., on an experimental trip to the
Mediterraneau. The British steamer Oscar, eight
days from Plymouth, arrived out on the Bth. The
Vigo steamer, in the French transport service,
sailed from Gibraltar on the 9th inst., laden with
stores for the u.:e of the French troops in the
Crimea. Die steam-transport Madagascar, seven
days from Malta, in ballast, for Gibraltar, arrived
there on the 10th. She has been chartered by the
Government for four months longer, and was to
proceed to Barcelona to ship mules for the Dar-
danelles. The steam-transport Wm. Oldham, from
Malta to Deptford, was at Gibraltar repairing some
defects in her boilers. The screw-steamer R. Lowe,
from London, with a general cargo for the Crimea,
arrived at Gibraltar ou the 11th. The steam-trans-
port Europa, Capt. Leach, witu her Majesty's float-
ino, battery Glatton in tow, put into the bay on the
12th' inst. to coal, on her way to England. The Glat-
ton, Capt. Cumming, being ordered from Kamiesh
to England for the purpose of refitting before pro-
ceeding to the 13altice in the spring, had 12 out of
the 14 guns she carried taken out, as well as all
her rigging, 4,7 c., and put on board the Europa, 50
as to lighten her, and render the towage easier.
When those vessels left Kamiesch Bay the steam
transport City of London was preparing to take
the guns, &c., of the Meteor (floating battery),
which was likewise ordered home to refit for the
same campaign, and would be towed to England
by the City of London.
The steam transport Berwick, which was about
to leave Gibraltar for London, has been again taken
up by the Government for four months. Prepara-
tions were being made for her to proceed to Valen-
cia with stores and mulateers, at which place she
will take in a cargo of mules for conveyance to the
Dardanelles.

The Gem of the Sea (American barque), Captain
Miller, put into Gibraltar on her way from NO
York, 13th inst., with a cargo of salt pork, con'
sisting of 2,800 barrels, which she is conveying to
Toulon for the use of the French Government.
The 3team transport Alps, Captain Inglis, four i
days from Malta, arrived on the 14th with 76 n'
valids on board, hound to Portsmouth. The steam
transport Saldanha, No. 209, arrived on the morn-
ing of the 14th, in tow of the Assistance troopsbilh
having left Scutari January 24th, Renkioi 29th,
and Malta February 7th, with 255 invalids, In
charge of Captain R W. Piper, 46th Regiment,
and medical care of Staff-Surgeon Adams, Assist;
ant-Surgeon Brown, Mr. Stewart (Dresser), and
Mr. Blackmore (charge of hospital stores). The
Assistance was to leave immediately for Spitben.
and take the Saldanha in tow. The Samuel Lung
steam transport, Captain Goldsmid, arrived in the
bay on the 14th, to coal, on her way to Deptford.

RUSSIA'S SHARE OF THE THREE PAP

TITIO A S OF POLAND.

(From a Correspondent of Morning Advertiser. )•
The partition of Poland, reserved for the unscru-
pulous daring of the Empress Catherine to accom-
plish, was designed by Peter the Great, by whop!
it was intended that the partitioning powers should.
be Russia, Prussia, and the Elector of Saxony
e
then King of Poland, who was to hold his share a
the spoil as its hereditary monarch. In this ar-
rangement Austria was to have no voice, but her
silence was to be bought by guaranteeing the throne
of Spain to one of her Archdukes. In all probe'
bility the Empress would have improved upon this'
arrangement by taking the whole of Poland to her'
self. But Austria and Prussia were likely to he
averse to that mode of settling the Polish question,
and the result was the invasion of Poland by the
three Powers, under various frivolous pleas, and
the first partition of that kingdom.
By this Russia obtained au accession of 32,000
English square miles ; Austria 27,900 ; and Prussia
10,800. Poland thus dismembered, still retained
au extent of territory of 278,000 English square
miles, with a population of 11,000,000 ; and feel' •
ing teat to secure this a new constitution was no'
cessary, her patriots set to work and provided.one,
which Catherine opposed, because it was well cal-
culated to effect the object for which it was in-
tended. Under pretence of having bound herself
to guarantee the old constitution, she invaded
Poland with 100,000 men, and, joined bf,
Prussian force, shortly after consummated the
second partition (1793), by Which she gained
98,000 English square miles, giving to Prussia
22,000, and the town of Dantzic. The resist"
once of the Poles to this unparalleled mixture
of dishonesty and impudence provoked the
third dismemberthent which took place in 170*
It is to this struggle that Cauibpell's lines in
tha Pleasures of _Hope refer. Poland was now blot-
ted from the map of Europe, and what remained er
her after the second partition, with some trifling
exceptions, was, finally assured to Russia, at the
Congress Of Vienna, in 1815. The War of France.
with Prussia, in 1808, raised the hopes of those
Polish patriots, who bad retired to the protection
of the French Republic after the final dismelPher"
inent of their country, had formed a legion, which
was allowed to assume its national colours, and be.
ing joined. by Polish refugees from all quarters,
soon numbered 8,000 men, much diminished after-
wards by privations and losses. No sooner had
the French entered the Polish soil, accompanied bl
this remnant of the Polish Legion, than they were
joined by the inhabitants, and the prospect of iw
dependence began to assume the most encouraging
appearance. A. portion of Prussia's share of the
spoil was taken from her, and constituted into an
independent State (1807), under the title of the
Duchy of Warsaw, which received the King el
Saxony for a ruler, and the Code of Napoleon for
its law. The history of this little State during its
brief existence, and until it sank overwhelmed 131
the nii,foitunes which overthrew the first French
Empire, afforal ample proof of the ability of the
Poles to maintain their cause against all comers, if
they were once but fairly set on their feet. When
the Duchy was invaded in 1809, by an Austrian
force four times the number of its own army, the
Poles, after giving the enemy battle in the environs
of the capital, evacuated the town, crossed to the
right bank of the Vistula, entered Austrian-Poland,
where, being joined by the inhabitants, they occu-
pied a considerable portion of Galicia, and would
have conquered the whole but for the treaty of
Vienna, which stopped their • victorious career,
, though not without adding to the Duchy War-
saw a part of Galicia, equal to about half the share
gained by Austria through the dismemberment.
Napoleon fell, and the Duchy passed into the hands
of Russia.

veyed by
convey-
tbe bad
) places,

,saack ar-
morning
p to the
:ar, eight
th. The

service,
den with
Is in the
sr, seven
•, arrived
ad by the
id was to
the Dar-
am, from
ring some
R. Lowe,
) Crimea,
►m -trans-
ty's float
y on tile
the Glat-
Kamiesh
;fore pro-
-12 out of
ell as all
uropa, $0
;o easter.
he steam
g to take
battery),
fit for the
England

ras about
rain taken
Prepara-
to Vale n-
place she
tee to the

I, Captain
rom Nesv
?ork, coir
veying to
rernment•
Iglis, four
ith 76 in'
rho steam
the morn-
troopsbi
kioi 29th,
valids, in
Etegiment,
3s, Assist'
3ser), and
.es). The
Spitbeatli
mei Laing
ved in the
Deptford•

EE PAP

'ertiscr.

he nesertv
to accora.

by whoul
rers should.
f SaxonY9,.
is share 01
n this ar-
e, but her
the throne
all probar
upon this
Ind to her.
kely to be
i question,
nd by tbe
pleas, And

!.PANY.

dinner last
are, includ-

amllloll3
ion. Sir J.
►mes Duck-

ne, Mr. G.
vbray, Mr.
geraid, Mr.
-Hale, Mr.
, Mr. Cot•

,raeli enter-
Grosvenor'
:'ountess de
excellencies
the Earl of
Countess of
trlot LOns-
bild, M.P.,
James For-