The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-05 00:00:00

%.• 4kk..
3 • ,;+>,

ROYAL ENGLISH OPZRA, cOKENT-
GARDEN.—Under the Manar,ftent of Mtss iouisa
Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison, z,ole Lessees.
The Public are respectfully informed that the Last Repre-
sentations of Wallace's popular Opera of L'URLINE are
now terminating*, in consequence of the preparations for the
speedy production of the novelties announced.

-

OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENTv
Ilc GARDEN—under the Management of Miss LOUISAv
PYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON, Sole Lessees.
THIS EVENING, LURLINE : Messrs. H. Wharton, H.
Corgi, G. Kelley, and Mr. W. Harrison ; Miss Lefli2r, Miss
Albertazzi, and Miss Louisa Pyne.
DIVERTISSEMENT.
Conductor—Mr. Alfred Mellon.
Doors open at Seven. Commence at Ha!f-past.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lemee, Mr. J. B. Backethne.
THIS EVENINV. the periornmnees will commence with
THE LADY OF LYONS. Mr. Howe and Miss Amy Sedg-
wick.
Atter which, the revived comedy of THE IRISH AM-
BASSADOR. Mr. John Brougham, Miss Florence Haydon,
rs. E. Fitzwilliam.
And THE SUN AND THE WIND. By the Loclercqs.
Commence at 7.

gift of prophecy. Particularly when it is remem-
bered at the same time that portions of both the
French and English fleets are there off Gaeta,
k.,s.eping open for the pro tem. KING " of the same,"
or, as the Scotch would say, "of that ilk"—keeping
open there at Gaeta for FRANCIS 11. and his col-
4apsing Court "the maritime communications !"
Certainly the young KING, or rather ex-KING, has
Just now' every possible inducement to withdraw
altogether from the soil of his late dominions. There
are the Western Allies with their ships of war
politely keeping the "coast clear" at one particular
point (first in front of him) to enable his ex-
Majesty to sneak away at the last opportunity,
when he may find it (as he probably will before he
is many days older) just a little more perhaps than
merely convenient to do so! Moreover—behind him

OYA I, PRINCESS'S THEATRE.--
Targmee and Manatrer, Mr. A. Harris.

THIS EVENING, an adaptation of Victor Ffugo's cele-
brated Play of RITY BL AS, by Edmund Falconer, Esq. `•
when Mr. Fechter, the favourite actor of Parisian renown.
will make his Bth appearance on the English stage, supported
by Messrs. W. Lacy, Meadows, Garden, Graham, Raymond,
Morland, Collett, Paulo. Daly, A. Harris ; Miss Rose
Leclereq, Mrs. Weston, and Miss Heath.

To be preceded by SUSAN SMITH.
To conclude with BOWL'D OUT. Mr. Widdicomb.

—there are the Piedmontese and the Garibaldians
pushing him rather urgently forward in precisely
the same diractiou. General SONNAZ, meanwhile
looking down in the most unpleasant way imagi-
nable from the heights " commanding" Gaeta—
that last retreat of the expiring Bourbon Sove-

THEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM
Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.

THIS EVENING, the performances will enmmence with
Gayle Bernard's admired Drama of THE WEPT OF THE
WISH-TON-WISH. Principal characters by Mr. T. Lyon,
Mr. Henry Neville, Mr. John Rouse, Mr. H. Butler, Mr. For-
rester, Mr. Campbell„ Mr..J. Johnstone ; Miss Neville, Mrs.
J. Rouse, and Madame Celeste.
After which (Ist time) THE PE I'S OF THE PARTERRE.
Scenic Department under the direction of Mr. Wm. Callcott.
The Music by Mr. George Loder. Principal characters by Mr
H. Neville, Mr. .Tohn Rouse, Mr. J. Morris. Miss M. Ternan,
Miss Neville, MissHudspeth, Miss Stuart, Miss Turner, Miss
Douglas, Miss Annie Collinson, and Miss Lydia Thompson.
To conclude with GRIST TO THE MILL. Mr. Gc'or-re
Vining, Mr. J. Johnstone, Mr. Forrester, Mrs. J. Rouse, and
Miss Rose Howard.
- - -

reignty.
From the capital of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies
moreover comes resounding—through the pecans of
the Piedmontian Conquerors on the Garigliauo—
the almost more terrible and certainly more
decisive sound of doom to the cause of FRANCIS
11, the announcement of the result of the plebisciw
For the annexations 1,310,266
Against It 10,012
_

It is in the midst of that great announcement,
and in the midst too of the re-echoing shouts of
victory from beyond the banks of the Garigliano
that the Soldier• King of Italy, VICTOR EMMANUEL
the galantuo?no, was to make his triumphal entrance
into the Southern capital of his new Kingdom yes-

,erday!
Everythink—so far—is certainly auspicious for

the interests of Italian Unity. Italy giving good
auguries—so far—of freeing herself (to adopt the
phrase of the famous Milan Proclamation) from the
Alps to the Adriatic, in spite of the temporary in-
terruption caused by. the Imperial interview at
Villafranca ! Everything augurs well in this way,
saving only, as we all know, in two directions. At
Rome, where the French army has increased and
is increasing. At Venetia, where the Austrian
forces, in the same manner, have been long and
rapidly, and still are concentrating. Else-
where—ltaly is already One and United. Those
two difficulties in the complete working out
of the problem yet remain for solution. The
solution of neither, we console ourselves
with thinking, (and really believing) by no means
whatever involves the necessity for further blood-
shed. So much has been accomplished already in
Italy by the Italians towards the securing of their
own political emancipation, that Now the period
seems to have arrived when Europe might step in
effectively for the solution by purely motal agencies,
and without further, bloodshed, of the only two re-
maining difficulties—the one at Rome—the other
in Venetia and the Quadrilateral.

England looks at this moment to her Govern-
ment for the discharge of a great and solemn duty
—a duty devolved now by death upon that collec-
tive representative of all freeborn and patriotic
Englishmen—the Government.
England looks now to her Ministers, to the Cabi-
net of Lord PALMERSTON—and expects from them
the payment (in the name of England) of a debt of
gratitude—alas!
_one only toe tardy, but for that
very reason all the more heavily pressing upon the
national conscience—the payment of a debt of
gratitude and of a tribute of homage and admiration
upon the tomb of one of the noblest heroes that ever
drew battle-blade in the name of England, upon
the grave of that glorious old Sailor-Earl now
lying dead at Kensington—Lord DUNDONALD
It will be a disgrace to this country if the
remains of this great man—so infamously treated
in the early part of his historic and truly wonder-
ful career—it will be an eternal disgrace to this
country if the remains of this great man are not
buried at the expense of the nation, and buried too
with all befitting pomp in one or other of the na-
tional mausoleums, either in Westminster Abbey or
in St. Paul's Cathedral.

How Lord COCHRANE, the famous CocanANE, the
boast of our own navy and the terror of all the
other navies of the world with whom we were at
war during the days of NAPOLEON the Great, and,
before that, during the earlier days of the first
French Revolution—how Lord COCHRANE was
treated during his lifetime in return for his many
resplendent achievements, we related in these
columns on Friday evening in words of burn-
ing indignation. It remains now to be
added to all that we then wrote that it is
only by too painfully appropriate a sequel that this
grand old Sailor-Earl was left by his country to
die the other day—almost penniless—in his house
at Kensington ! England, in his regard, has, at
least, a posthumous expiation 'to make—by accord-
ing to his inanimate dust a sepulture in some
degree worthy of one of the most dauntless heroes
that ever fought under the banner of England for
the honour and glory of the old fatherland.

Since writing the above we are given to under-
stand that what we suggested on Friday should be
done is really going to be done—that the remains
of the glorious Earl of DUNDONALD are (on Wed-
nesday next) to be deposited in their final resting
place in Westminster Abbey !
Let us hope that the funeral will be entirely at
the expense of the nation, and that it will be con-
ducted with all befitting pomp and ceremonial,
with all the funereal evidences of respect due to the
memory of the dauntless DUNDONALD.

The Register-General's last Quarterly Return
ending on the 30th of September, comprises within
it some very surprising particulars. Altogether, its
purport cannot but be regarded as satisfactory. It
demonstrates by a series of the most gratifying
facts—facts brought to view through the medium
of the-most reliable statistics—that, in spite of the
almost unexampled humidity of the late summer
and autumn season, the sanitary condition of the
country has evidenced, by comparison with the
corresponding quarter of the preceding twelve-
month, an appreciable improvement.
Within the 92 days of July, August, and Sep-
tember, 1860, 164,062 children were born and
registered-86,423 persons having within the same
interval died, according to the books of registra-
tion. So that the increase of population within the
quarter has been at the rate, in England and Wales
alone, of about 844 daily. The excess of births
over deaths being 77,639! Yet, strange to tell,
upon comparing the return of births for the last
quarter of 1860 with those for the corre
sponding quarter of the previous twelvemonth,
fit is actually noticeable that the number of
births is less in the former than in the
latter ! The considerable increase of the popula-
tion already noticed as having taken place, never-
' theless, is consequently attributable in a great mea-
sure to the increased salubrity of the past season—
t.e deaths in July, August, and September, 1859,
having been more by 17,916 than the deaths j
in the same quarter of 1860--the latter haying

OEM
total, as we have seen, of
reached a 86,423, .
whereas the former reached a total of not less than I
104,339! So that, as the Registrar-General calcu-
lates, far every six deaths in the preceding summer
there have been only five in the one which has
just passed—the rate of mortality being smaller
in lieu of the average mortality of the season, an
average estimated at—a score in every thousand !
To what is this diminished and diminishing mor-
tality attributable ? Is it not by this time suffi-
ciently obvious ? Particularly when it is borne in
mind that thse reduction in the number of deaths
is not only observable in the town districts and
country districto alike, but is even chiefly noticeable
in the town dis,tricts, where it might least be
looked for according to ordinary calculations.
Viewed by the generality, this last summer would
probably be put down upon record, almost nem.
con:, as a season of reLuarkably bad weather. Yet
the bad weather turns out to have been particu-
larly salubrious ! The sai'ubrity of the season being
chiefly attributable, as the Registrar-General in-
forms us in his report, " to two circumstances ; the
reduced temperature of sum mer, and the abundant
supply of water by rain. The low temperature re-
tarded the putrefaction of the town impurities ; and
the water washed them away ; s o that both the forces
acting in the same direction, gave a great result."
Corroborative evidence comes accordingly from all
directions in support of these conclusions. From
Lancashire, for example, where the old-fashioned
system of middens still prevails, where the dirt is
consequently not washed away by the rain, as in
the sewers, and where it is therefore not very sur-
prising to note that the mortality is less than in
any other county in the:kingdom. From Fiskerton,
again, in Lincolnshire, where diphtheria has been
very prevalent, killing no less than eleven people,
and where (we read this without much surprise
after the last-mentioned particulars), the drainage
of the parish is described as singularly defective,
" there being dikes close to some of the houses,
containing water, &c., in a putrid and stinking
state, without any fall to pass it away." Hav-
ing read which instructive memorandum, note the
the one immediately following —" It was reperted
to the board of guardians by the registrar, the de-
fects of drainage were remedied, and there has been
no fresh case during the last month :" the report
adding sententiously and significantly, "the dis-
trict is healthy"—and then say whether or not
there is reason for the Registrar-General's previous
remark—" Diptheria lhas prevailed in parts of Lin-
colnshire, the inhabitants of which will do well to
study the experience of Fiskerton." When we
read in another part of these last published Quar-
terly Returns that in the parish of Knebworth, in
Hertfordshire, with a population of only 200, twelve
children recently died of diptheria, while several
others still suffer from it—we may not unreasonably
conclude that a change for the better might quite
as readily and successfully as at Fiskerton, in Lan-
cashire, be effected by similar means in the parish
of Knebworth, in Hertfordshire.

The salubrious influence of the apparently bad
weather prevailing during the summer quarter of
1860 is all the more surprising and satisfactory
when it is remembered how unusually high during
those thirteen weeks have been the prices of provi-
sions. Insomuch has this been the case that
" taking the corresponding weeks of 1859 as the
starting point," says the Quarterly Report of the
Registrar• General, " the price of wheat rose 34
per cent., beef 7 per cent, mutton 11 per cent.,
potatoes 59 per cet. The average prices during
the 13 weeks being, wheat 595. ld. a quarter; beef
std., mutton 6:d. a pound by the carcase in
the Leadenhall and Newgate markets ; York
Regent potatoes, 1355. at waterside market, South-
wark." Happily as a counterbalance in some mea-
sure to which general rise in the price of provision
—the great masses of the workmen during this last
quarter have found more than usual facilities for
obtaining employment. Another welcome fact
brought to light by this Report—and only one
other—we will here particularise in conclusion—
that is, a comparatively small, but still (though
small) appreciable decline in the aggregate
amount of pauperism. The average number of
those in receipt of relief during the quarter here
analysed being 679,360—the average number in
the corresponding thirteen weeks of the previous
twelvemonth showing 14,089 additional, the aggre-
gate number then (in 1859) having been estimated
at the sum total of 783,449. Still, even subtracting
those fourteen thousand from the grand total, what
a terrible army 769,000 strong, or rather weak to the
verge of decrepitude and dissolution, for the exer-
cise of its relief of the benignant energies of W. D.
B.'s humanely projected association of Bienveil-
lance.

THE CHINESE SEAT OF WAR.

WYLD'S NEW MAP.

VICTOR EMMANUEL AND
GARIBALDI.
A letter from Naples, dated the 29th of October,
gives the following account of the interview between
Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi :
" I was on my way to the head-quarters of Victor
Emmanuel, at Teano, and took a cut through the
mountains. While waiting for a conveyance, I met
Major Cattabene, Commandant of Garibaldi's head-
quarters. He was coming from Teano, and to him
I am indebted for the following account of the in-
terview between Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi.
Garibaldi had taken up his quarters at a small hit],
about four miles and a half between Teano and
Speranzano, on the 25th. He ordered his column
to advance and take up position, and sent Count
Trecchi to see the King. On the following
morning Count Trecchi and Missori came to inform
him that Cialdini was within an hour's march, and
the King not far behind. Garibaldi left imme-
diately with his Staff, and three-quarters of an hour
afterwards he came in sight of the head of the
Piedmontese column. He put spurs to his horse.
The Piedmontese advanced as follows :—The 23d
and 24th Regiments of the Como Brigade; the 26th
and 27th of Pinerolo's Brigade; then a battery of
rifled cannon. The columns presented arms to
Garibaldi, and opened to allow him to pass through.
Cialdini rushed forward, and Garibaldi, jumping
off his horse, embraced him affectionately. After
exchanging a few words Garibaldi re-mounted
to meet the King, Victor Emmanuel was not far
behind, leading on his own division. Seeing the
red shirts, the King took a telescope, and, recog-
nising Garibaldi, put spurs to his horse and galloped
towards him. Garibaldi did the same. When they
were within 10 paces of each other, the officers of
the King and of Garibaldi shouted 'Long live Victor
Emmanuel r Garibaldi advanced, took off his hat,
and, in a voice somewhat hoarse from emotion, said
King of Italy ! ' Victor Emmanuel put his
hand to his kepi, then held it out to Garibaldi,
and, equally moved, replied—' Thank you!' They
stood thus, hand in hand, nearly a minute, without
uttering another word.
" Garibaldi and the King, still holding each other's
hand, followed the troops for about a quarter of an
hour. Their suites had mingled together, and fol-
lowed at a short distance Behind them. Passing a
group of officers Garibaldi saluted them. Among
them were Farini, Minister of War, iu a foraging
cap of a staff officer, and General Fanti. The King
and Garibaldi were conversing. After the King
followed the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Regiments
of the line, then 60 guns, and four regiments of
cavalry. His Majesty was at the head of 30,000

Another admirable and timely map from the
establishment of the Queen's Geographer ! Itipre-
sents to view (as usual with Mr. Wyld) in the very
nick of time the country between Pekin and the
Gulf of Pecheli! It displays, in other words, those
northern coasts of China where the Allied Forces
are now side by side carrying forward their war-
like operationg. Yonder (marked with red, so that
one can recognise the spot at a glance) is the
landing-place of the Allied Forces on the Ist of
August. There (a little lower down—also marked
vividly with red) is the point attacked and cap- I
tured by the Allies on the 21st of August. There
is Tien-tsin—there, further on, stretching inland,
is the whole sweep of the low level country re-
maining to be traversed, up to the very gates of the
Imperial capital of the Chinese. In every way the
map is singularly well-timed, and therefore pecu-
liarly acceptable.

Tt is expected that her Majesty and the Court
will leave Windsor Castle about the 12th inst. for Osborne,
and that the Queen will remain at the Marino Palace for
about a month.—Court Journal.

We believe that the dowry bestowed by the Earl
of Derby n his daughter, Lady Emma,' on her marriage
with the Hon. Col. Talbot, was £50,000, subject, of course
to the usual settlements.—Court Journal.

LORD ST. LEONARDS.—We are requested to con-
tradict the report that Lord St. Leonards is dangerously
ill. On the contrary, we are happy to hear that his lord-
ship is in the enjoyment of his usual health.

L ATES` NEW

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

DEFEAT OF THE BOURBON ARMY.
(OFFICIAL.)
NAPLES, Nov. 3.

ENSIGN CHAPLIN.—Ensig❑ Chaplin, who re-
cently distinguished himself at the capture of the Chinese
forts, is a on of the late Mr. W. I. Chaplin, for many years
chairman of the South-Western Railway Company, and a
brother of the present partner in the well-known firm of
" Chaplin and Horne."

The Marquis and Marchioness of Abercorn will
leave town in a few days, for Brocket Hall.

The Piedmontese army, under the command of
King Victor Emmanuel, has gained a brilliant vic-
tory on the other side of the Garigliano. The
Bourbon army attacked in front with great spirit
by the troops, and in flank by the fleet, dispersed,
leaving in our hands tents, waggons, stores, and a
very large number of prisoners.
General Sonnaz pursued the enemy and after-
wards occupied Mola and positions commanding
Gaeta.

The Earl and Countess Craven are expected in
,own in a few days, from Ashdowne Park, Berks.

King Victor Emmanuel enters Naples to-day.
The number of prisoners taken at Capua was
11,000.

(OFFICIAL).
Another despatch says :

TURIN, Nov. 4.

Yesterday our troops, commanded by King Victor
Emmanuel, attacked and dispersed the Bourbon
army beyond the Garigliano. Tents, waggons, and
an immense number of prisoners were left in our
possession. General Sonnaz has occupied Mola di
Gaeta and other positions above the city.

The following telegram is anterior to the

battle :

NAPLES, Nov. 3.
A part of the division of General Sonnaz has
crossed the Garigliano.
The whole army will cross to-morrow.
Bridges are being thrown over the river.
Another telegram says:—

A part of the division of General Sonnaz has
crossed the Garigliano and taken the iron bridge,
at the same time making 100 prisoners.
A bridge of boats has been thrown across the
mouth of the Garigliano.

Another bridge is being constructed beyond the

iron bridge.
The whole army will cross the river to-morrow.
The Royalists have fallen back upon Gaeta.
Throughout their march they were much embar-
rassed by the fire of the Sardinian fleet.

NAPLES, Nov. 3.
The plebiscite has been declared to-day. The
votes are :
Ayes (si)

10,312

It is reported that the Emperor of Austria has
asked her Majesty the Queen to be kind enough to permit
one of the British ships of war to convey the Empress
Elizabeth from Antwerp to the island of Madeira. Her
Majesty will leave Austria about three weeks hence. The
Emperor is gone for three or four days to Ischl, where he
will shoot chamois.

Noes .
The prisoners from Capua, 9,000 in number, are
arriving without their arms.
Naples is en fete,
It is aaid that Victor Emmanuel will arrive here

on Tuesday.
Garibaldi is at Naples.

PERUGIA, SUNDAY.
The voting on the question of annexation has

commenced.

The concourse of people at the urns is extraor.

dinary.
Notwithstanding the French occupation and the
presence of Pontifical gendarmes, the inhabitants of
several communes in the province of Viterbo are
hastening to vote for annexation.
VIENNA, SUNDAY.

The report that a treaty of commerce has been
concluded between England and Austria is un-
founded.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SUNDAY.
Prince Metternich had an audience of the Em-
peror yesterday.
The Emperor, on receiving the news of the death
of the Dowager Empress of Russia, immediately
telegraphed his condolences and those of the Em•
press to the Court of St. Petersburg.
Yesterday the Court of the Tuileries, without
waiting for the official notification of her Majesty's
decease, went into mourning for 21 days,

BOURSE, Nov. 3.—The market continues firm,
with a fair amount of business doing. For the
Account, Threes, which opened at 691 35c, are
now at 69f 50c; Mobilier, 725 f; Orleans, 1,381 f
25c; Northern, 980 f; Mediterranean, 922 f 50c
Austrian, 495 f ; Lombard, 487 f 50c. The follow
ing are the last quotations :-
41 per per Cents ... 95 70
Do end month.... 95 60

Credit Fonder 905
Belgian 41 —
Piedmontese Fives BO
Roman
Austrian .. 75 75
Spanish Threes —
Home Debt

3 per Cents
Do. end month 69 50
Bank Shares 2850

Credit Mobilier 725
Do. Account 725

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans 1378 75 .. 1373 75
Northern
New ditto BB5
Lyons and Mediterranean 922 50 .. 922 50
Geneva.. 360 .. 360
Southern
Western ..
Eastern
Sardinian

Blackwood.

Austrian
Lombard

A prospectus has been issued of a " Croydon
Sewage Irrigation Company," with a capital of £30,000, in
£lO shares. The Board is composed of eminent agricul •
turists and landowners, and a hope may therefore be enter-
tained that the experiment will be so conducted as to lead,
through its successful example, to a general utilisation of
the sewage of the large towns of the kingdom. In the pre-
sent instance a concession has been obtained from the town
of Croydon for 100 years, and the quantity of sewage to be
obtained is estimated to be sufficient for 9,000 acres of land
per annum. This will be pumped to a reservoir on an
elevation about two miles distant, whence it will flow to j
each farm and field by gravitation. The works could be
completed by Much or April next,

men.
"Before reaching s:eansa King Victor Emmanuel

SIJN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, IF6I.

THE MAG ZINES.

Dublin University Magazine.

halted, and ordered a portion of his army to file off
in presence of Garibaldi, that every one might
ot serve the good feeling which prevailed between
him and the chieftain. He then reviewed Bixio's
brigade, which was posted a little beyond Calvi.
He was received with the enthusiastic and unani-
mous shout of 'Long live the King of Italy !'
Garibaldi has 7,000 men, divided between different
positions. The King remained at Teano ; Gari-
baldi returned to Calvi to give orders."

The most interesting article is that entitled
" Ary Scheffer ;" it is most worthy of perusal alike
from its subject and from the manner in which it
is treated. It commences by stating that " the
painter of Francesca di Rimini has, we rejoice to
say, been fortunate in a biographer. The history
of so true a man, the development of a genius so
great and benign, a career so chequered, and in an
epoch so troublous—the ever forward progression
of an art which at length essayed such sublime
argument—such a life and such a history well de-
serve to be recorded. It was Ary Scheffer who,
beyond all his contemporaries, strove to make a
picture the exponent of noble thought ; and now
in these memoirs we are glad to find that the beauty
and the pure emotion which breathe from his works
were but the expression of an earnest life devoted
to virtue and religion." In treating of the style of
his works it is said that, " beauty—a heaven-born
beauty, let it be known in these days of inveterate
and cherished ugliness—was the idol of Scheffer's
worship ;" and that, by general consent, his master-
piece was Francesca di Rimini, which for conception
composition and treatment may take rank with the
greatest pictures of any age or country. The last
moments of the departed genius are narrated in a
most touching and impressive manner. It is a
solemn and a beautiful coincidence connected with
his last hours that he was engaged in painting a
work entitled the " Angel announcing the Resur-
rection of Jesus," " a few days told all hope had
ceased, and on the 15th of June this great and vir-
tuous man yielded up his last breath. It was a
beautiful summer's evening the calm splendour of
which irradiated the scene of his departure from
earth, not more calm however—not more serene
was the aspect of the heavens, than were
the conscience and pure spirit of him who
thus passed to eternal rest to suffer, to
strive no more." The following passage aptly
illustrates the prevailing tone of his works, and in
eloquent language informs us how the ruling spirit
that guided his latter days was a grand one, and
sustained him till he passed from the hard triumphs
of this state to the blessedness of the world where
he could gaze on the glories he had here fore-
shadowed,
,and, in the words of Christie Johnstone,
the great painter could behold a grander scene
" than human hand has ever painted the great
meadow's on the other side of Jordan, which are
bright with the spirits of the just who dwell there,
and are warmed with an eternal sun, and ring with
the triumphs of the humble and the true, and the
praises of God for ever."
Schaffer had long in his art hovered on the shadowy con-
fines of existence. He had for years, as we have said, been
a denizen of Hades, and figures were accustomed to come
to him from the dreamlike land of spirits. We have seen
that during the later years of his life the New Testament
was his constant study, and accordingly we naturally find
that Scripture narrative, and subjects taken from the Chris-
tian's hope, were, after all, his most cherished themes. In
his " Christ Consolateur" and " Christ Remunerateur,"
we see the highest types of a spiritual ideal ; the peace too,
and the blessedness, which come as the gifts of hope and
I faith. Christ is seated in the midst of imploring suppli-
ants, and gives freedom to the captive and consolation to
the afflicted. This is the noble theme. It would seem, in-
deed, that Scheffer had now, after sore conflict—
after a life racked on the rude world—after, even in his
chosen art, much painful struggling for a perfection which
ever eluded his grasp—it would seem, we say, that at length
in his later works ho realised high spiritual longings, and
entered in a newly created world upon a final repose and
'Ass. It was touching to see, in the exhibition to which
we have already made frequent reference, pictures which,
bearwg as their date the very year of his death, seemed as
by anticipation of only a few short days, to hold converse
with those serene heavens into which he himself was soon
to enter. lie appears, indeed, in imagination to have
already passed .through the gates of death, and to have seen
the portals of that city whence so oft had issued pure and
beauteous beings, the ministers of his art. "The Angel an-
nouncing the Resurrection" to attendant and awakening
mortals, still left unfinished when the grave opened at his
feet, shows with solemn emphasis the ruling passion strong
even in death. But he had lived long enough to give to
his art that perfected body which waits on immortality.
"Norman Sinclair" is continued, and is rather ex-
citing this time for a novelty. It relates chiefly
to the quarrel of Norman with Mr. Beaton on the
subject of some securities and payments. " The
Courtesies of War" is an interesting sketch, and
tends to demonstrate the fact that " the brave can
never hate the brave." " Judicial Puzzles" this
month is filled with the Annesley Case. Unlese
some very energetic and clear-sighted justices and
judges are found, the next generation can cite the
Road case as ample evidence that our day is very
far behind perfection in the detection of criminals
and the elucidation of mysteries. " The Romance
of Agostini" is proceede.:l with, and is becoming
very interesting as it is deveioped. The misfor-
tunes of the young Italian arc really very great;
he has much to contend with. There is an article
on " Civil Service Appointments," which observes
that the work done upstairs in the house is more
useful though less pretentious than what is
done in the great national debating hall,
and the select committee —of which Lord
Stanley was chairman that sat during the
months of March, April, May, and June to take
evidence and report on the subject of civil service
appointments, have done much to deserve notice.
The following remarks are very just on the im-
portance of improving the prospects of those who
are to enter on the service : _

We repeat, that what is really required to supply the
Civil Service of the country with young men of mark and
likelihood, and to keep the general efficiency of the service,
is net a phalanx of cramming tutors, a board of erudite
examiners, or a sytem of competition, open or limited, but
sufficient attractions into the service itself to induce young
men of promising abilities to enter it in preference to all
other professions. There can hardly be a more important
subject of parliamentary inquiry, b,zt it appears to us that
our investigations have hitherto begun at the wrong end.
When a man strips himself to fight a ba,ttle, or girds him-
self to run a race, you may be sure that he has ascertained
beforehand that the prize for which he is to contend is
worthy of his prowess. If he has really any good stuff in
him he will not contend for an ignoble prize. Let us make
the civil service of the country worthy of the best intelli-
gence in it, and we may be sure that the best intelligence
will enter its ranks. We trust that, in the course of the
ensuing session of Parliament, the whole subject will be
submitted to inquiry. The question of initial appointment
is really a small, and, as we think, a comi,aratively unim-
portant part of it. There is no more fear of our not get-
ting good men for a good service, than of our not seeing
good horses entered for the Derby, so long as to win that
race is to win " the blue riband of the turf," with a rich
pecuniary accompaniment '
There are some very judicious reflections in the
paper called " The Administration of India," which
are most worthy of attention, and at the present
time are most appropriate and applicable.

The first article is called " The Vice of our Cur-
rent Literature." It:contains some solid remarks,
and on the whole it is well worthy of notice. Here
and there it is impossible to coincide with the con-
clusions arrived it, as, for instance, in the stricture
on " Adam Bede," where we find the following
passage :—" We laugh at Mrs. Nickleby, but we
can only yawn over Mrs. Poyser. The latter may be
drawn more outwardly true to life, but what good
or pleasure can the reader gain from studying her
small ways or listening ever so patiently to her
small talk ?" He goes on to say—" What rational
being cares to see the everyday talk of common-
place people repeated word for word, with all its
gushing pettiness of thought and poorness of lan-
guage, in works ostensibly designed to interest and
amuse us ?" This is not exactly correct, for it is
always desirable to dwell on the portrait and linger
over the details when it is so admirably executed
and so graphically narrated as the sketch of Mrs.
Poyser. Again the writer is too hard upon Miss
Yonge's books, which, though they may suffer
from the drawbacks of being too sectarian or pre-
judiced on some points, are remarkable works, and
we do not at all agree with this idea—" Whatever
else we may be tricked into learning from the pages
of a seeming romance, the rubbish of theological
small talk had better be shot elsewhere." The
wise and learned who scorn instruction and scoff at
advice are never obliged to read these little volumes,
which in an unpretending form and earnest spirit
set forward truths and contain principles which, if
these sneerers acted upon, it might be more profit-
able for themselves and pleasing for their friends.
Still the reader will find much to interest him in
the pages of this criticism, and the concluding pas-
sage is very just in its views, and holds out useful
warnings to the literary world in general :
" In short, the plague of words, from whatever source
arising, has spread already so fast and far, that unless it
soon take a more measured turn, we are like to bse sight
for ever of the few landmarks that still remind us of a
healthior and more reticent age. Among living writers of
any mark, can any one think of half a dozen, whose faith
fulness to the higher aims and conceptions of their art can
make us more hopeful of the future? How many modern
novels or histories are there, to which Sidney Smith's plan
of blotting out every other word might not be applied with
remarkable success ? How many poems, save
perhaps
those of Tennyson, will be read and treasured by our great
grandchildren, should the taste of their day risesbovmuchthat
of ours ? Of course, there is such ath ng too
compression, but that, unless it be found in the
isworks
re-
of
Dean Milman, is no vice of the present day. Itthe
verse of that against which a modern critic should cry out
longest and loudest. In an essay on faults, we have na-
erstnre, on
turally been sparing of our praise, but a little,i censure hot-
nestly bestowed will not perhaps be an unp e!tan re ief o
ears long sated with undiscer&Z flWerY•

-
the whole, has derived but doubtful benefit from the affected
geniality of that new school of criticism that disowns the
severer system applied by the helpmates of Jeffrey and
Gifford. A timely warning may check the growth of that
rage for lon• drawn sentiment, patty sermonising, and su-
perfluous details, which has already eaten much too far
into the life of our best literature. No one who has any
real concern for the national influence of such writers as
Carlyle or Thackeray can help being stirred to warn them,
however vainly, against the foolishness of pandering to
those popular tastes which their own superior genius was
given to them to cultivate and control."

" Vonved, the Dane," is concluded, and it will most
likely take many by surprise, as its brightest mo-
ments are certainly its last. Instead of a gloomy
end, it is all gay and glittering.
" No more of death or dying pang,
No more of trump or bugle clang."
A general reconciliation takes place, and the
renowned outlaw is recognised by his Sovereign as
the first subject of the realm. The courtiers were
as much astonished as those of King James, when
he exclaimed

" Ask nought for Douglas. Yester even
His prince and he have much forgiven;
And Bothwell a lord henceforth we own
The friend and bulwark of our throne."
There are some interesting remarks on Maine de
Biran, and in referring to a work published, called
"Sa vie and Ses Pensees," it is stated that in the pre-
sent day, when the study of philosophy has so
wonderfully revived, we can only be thankful for
such a book as the " Pensees." From the home
into which earth's kings enter there is nothing to
exclude the crowned ones of thought. Tha alle-
gory of Bunyan is grandly true as far as it
goes; only other Christians by thousands have had
to fight with enemies of whom he never dreamed,
and there are paths leading into the narrow road
which he never saw. This book indicates some
such enemies, and points out one such by-path. In
the words of an unpublished poem :
" The city of our God, which lies four square,
Hath avenues to every human heart."
and De Biran has traced one avenue from the
heart of the psychologist to the golden
streets. A new story commences, called " A House
Divided against Itself," and perhaps some will be
disappointed to learn that it concerns the old tale
of the Royalists and Roundheads. "The Cid," by
Professor Vericour, is an article that is excellent
in its style and tenour. It refers to a character
inseparably associated with chivalry and connected
with courage. Of course the readers of this wise
age are prepared to find that the immortal Chimene
was his second wife, and not the young maiden of
romance that hitherto has been supposed. The
subjoined passage is fully illustrative of the merits
of one of Spain's greatest heroes :

" Christian Spain has adopted the Cid as the ideal of
greatness. The greatest kings of the Peninsula have
honoured his memory. All the popular poets of the middle
ages have exulted in selecting him for the object of their
songs and tales. During ages the name of the Cid has been
associated in Spain with everything that is beautiful, great,
and pious. The people have created round that name an
imaginary world of adventures, unearthly powers, and
heavenly virtues. Time has seen the figure of the Cid rise
in splendour and influence. He is the hero, the idol, of
the Spaniards, and therefore, even in our own age, not
many years ago, when liberal Spain was rousing from the
the torpor of despotism, the Spaniards, in the hymn of
Riego, loved to invoke the name of their hero. They sang
—' Tranquil, joyous, valiant, full of audacity, soldiers, let
us sing the hymn of battle I Let the earth even be moved
by our accents I Let the world recognise in us tke children
of the Cid I' "

Fraser's Magazine.
. Fraser this month is scarcely equal in interest to
its general character. The Manchester Man, whe
has before contributed to these pages, furnishes an
essay on the philosophy of marriage studied under
Sir Cresswell Cresswell, not the most favourable
exhibition of the votaries of Hymen. This medita-
tive discourse on some of the various phases of
domestic life is followed by the second paper on
" France and Paris, forty, thirty, and twenty years
ago." The changes which have taken place in the
chief towns of France since the days of Louis the
Eighteenth are duly chronicled, and afford inte-
resting reading for these who like to watch the
variations produced by time and circumstance in
the busiest as well as the most retired localities.
Dieppe in 1860 is very different, he thinks, from
Dieppe in 1827, although the alteration has not
taken place in the town itself or in the increase of
the population or visitors, but in the class of people,
whether French or English who frequent it. He
gives us a full account of the em ly days ofCharles X.
whose entry into his capital he witnessed. We
have also an elaborate description of the old king's
hunting establishment at Fontainebleau, for "le
chasse," if it may be so termed, was his ruling pas-
sion although conducted on a system which de-
manded neither skill nor courage. On the subse-
quent fall of Charles the Tenth, the writer says he
could not help reflecting on the Chinese proverb,
Empereur chasseur-dynastie perdue." The expen-
diture in costumes and banquets at Court in those
days seems to have been of the most extravagant
character. The prices of articles of consumption
appear, however, to have greatly increased since
the epoch referred to • indeed, the writer expresses
his belief that "eatables and drinkables have risen
twenty, thirty, and fifty per cent. within thirty-
five years." There are many entertaining details
of a similar character in the paper in question,
although it is somewhat diffuse. " Gryll
Grange" is continued, and the perplexities of the
various lovers appear likely to be solved in a very
satisfactory manner. Alexander Bain proceeds with
his examination of the sentiments according to
phrenology, and takes a careful survey of the
various qualities and predispositions, as developed
in the phrenological systems of Combe and others.
' Mr. Monckton Milnes takes a review of the posi-
tion of Alexander von Humboldt at the Court of
Berlin, in which he retnaekS that the annoyance
felt at the supposed breach of confidence in the
publication of the correspondence between the
great philosopher and Varnhagen von Ense, as
well as the malicious character of some largely
circulated extracts, have prevented many from
appreciating the merits of the volume, and of per-
ceiving all its interest, as illustrating the career
and character of its chief writer. There are some
verses suggested by Ward's picture of the parting
of Marie Antoinette and her hapless son, which are
forcible and pathetic. The " Chronicle of Current
History is continued, and gives a fair general out-
line of the course of events, foreign and do-
mestic.

Bentley's Miscellany.
The Outremanche Correspondence has lost a good
deal of its zest, the subject of criticism is again
Italy, and although we can afford to laugh at our
own short comings with our neighbours on the other
side of the herring pond, we all take too much ia-
terest in the important transactions taking place in
Italy, where a brave people are struggling for that
liberty which we all hold so dear, to care to joke
on the subject. The " Shingleton Mystery," by
Dudley Costello, is a lively tale of the adventures
of a retired brushmaker, who becomes enamoured
of a mysterious young lady at a certain retired
watering place. " The Shipwrecked One," by E.
A. Bowring, may be very clever, but we confess
that its beauties are beyond our comprehension,
having searched in vain for poetry or common sense
in the composition. The review of the " French
Almanacs" is well worth reading, numerous ridi-
culous extracts being given, half in jest half in
earnest, to show the notions of our Gallic friends.