The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-12 00:00:00

NAPOLEON .AND TILE POPE

(From de Times.)
Whatever slackness there may be in the distribu-
tion of etrennes •upon the Boulevards, there is none
in the Tuileries. While Napoleon lives and reigns
act no one despair of receiving a startling New
Year's gift. What heoffered to England wo cannot,
of course, quite accurately guess. What i% ustria
has got, or Spain has received, we do not affect to
know. Whether Russia has received a promise, or
Sardinia has had a reminder of some old condition,
we do not even ask. But the dutiful offering of
the Eldest Son of the Church to his Holy Father,
the Pope of Rome, is now exhibited to the world.
It turns out to be a talisman of powerful virtue,
which, if it had been received in sccrcy and used
with prudence, would have contributed to the peace
of the Christian world. It would even have helped
to sustain for come unmeasured period that priestly
figment which many had come to look upon as
mere faded tapestry and mouldering upholstery—
old banners over a tomb, in which all the thews
and sinews of a strong man are passing into dust.
It was, however, we aro sorry to say, not received
in time to allay an irritation which had by some
strange accident contrived to fix itself in an infal-
lible bosom. Pius IX. also had to distribute his
New Year's gifts. He had sent his Pontifical
benediction to the Emperor, the Empress, the Im-
perial Prince, and to all France.; but this benedic-
tion is, like the talisman, of conditional virtue. It
is only to operate in the event that God will give
the Emperor grace to condemn "that monument of
•insidious hypocrisy and contemptible tissue of con-
tradictions" which are contained in an anonymous
pamphlet, which the Father of Latin Christendom
stoops thus specifically to vituperate. Unfortu-
nately, these two New Year's gifts crossed each
ether on the way. Unfortunately, also, the talis-
man sent by Napoleon 111. itself prevented the
accomplishment of the condition upon which alone
the benediction was to take effect. So there is

scandal in Latin Christendom, and the Emperor
and the Empress, and the Imperial Prince, and all
France remain unblessed.

At last, then, we have these two Great Powers—
emblems of force and civilisation, and of superstition
and blind obstinacy—face to face as antagonists.
It is no longer the anonymous writer of Le Pape et
le Congres and the anonymous writer .in the Gior-
nale di Rona; it is the Pope himself sp aking from
the Vatican, and Napoleon himself writing from
the Tuileries. In this Pontifical allocution and this
Imperial missive the Emperor improves upon the
pampleteer, but the Pope descends below the jour-
nalist. The Emperor states with grave and measured
regret the unhappiness which afflicts him when ho
contemplates the present position of the temporal
dominions of the Father of the Church. But,
alas ! " facts have an inexorable sequence." [t
was the resistance of that unwise friend, Austria,
which first stirred up the national Italian feeling.
Despite the French garrison in Rome, and an
Emperor devoted to the Holy See at the head
of the French nation, that national movement could.
not be prevented from spreading to the Romagna.
But that devoted Emperor at the critical moment
stepped in with advice. If the Pope would appoint
a Lay Governor and a separate administration of
the revolted provinces—the Emperor also has his
conditions--these provinces would have returned
under the Papal authority. ' The Emperor says
this, and the Emperor best knows. Unhappily, the
condition was not accepted. The advice was re-
fused. The devoted Emperor was thus rendered
impotent to arrest the progress of rebellion even
among those who have been privileged to look upon
the glories and the virtues of the Popes themselves.
He did what he could. He stopped the war with
Austria, in a great measure because it was extend-
ing that national Italian movement too fiercely in
the neighbourhood of the Holy Chair : he obtained
the dismissal of Garibaldi, to prevent him from in-
vading the Marches of Ancona; but he could do no
more. All he can now do is to repeat the counsel
which was before despised ; but this time the coun-
sel has kept pace with that inexorable sequence of
events. It is short, it is simple, it is decisive—
" Make a sacrifice of these revolted provinces."
Upon this condition the Powers of Europe will
guarantee the peaceful possession of " the States of
the Church."

Men will have different opinions as to the accuracy
and the candour of the Emperor's retrospect, but all
sensible men, of whatever religion, ought to have but
one opinion as to the wisdom of his advice. Even if
some persons capable of thinking on these matters
without abdicating their powers of reason should
still hold that it is honourable and prudent for a
Christian Bishop to stir up war among the nations
in order to retain the power of tyrannising over a
reluctant province, yet even they must admit that
at last, now that the Emperor has spoken, he has
spoken plainly. In this declaration of policy there
is at least no insidious hypocrisy and no contemp-
tible tissue of contradictions. The allocution of
the Pope contrasts unhappily with this Imperial
letter. There is a want of dignity about it which
makes us uncomfortable as we read. The highest
ecclesiastic in the world, the most reverend man in
Christendom, has to answer an address from the
general and soldiers who have been placed by a
foreign Sovereign to guard his person and sustain his
power. lle believes that this Sovereign has written
a pamphlet which displeases him, and because he
believes this, and because he knows that the general
and soldiers before him believe this, he takes the
opportunity of denouncing this pamphlet as insidi-
ous, hypocritical, ignoble, and contradictory. To
criticise an anonymeus pamphlet from the chair of
St. Peter is not of itself a very dignified proceeding,
but to abuse it without answering it, and to use
vituperation as a device for covertly abusing the
Sovereign who is protecting him, and who is the
master of the men who are corn: to compliment
him' savours so little of princely dignitv and so
much of feeble malignity that no imbecility can
excuse it, and no weakness can reasonably account
for it. Where was Antonclli ? Had this poor old
man no friends near him to save him from so sad an
exhibition ?
This antagonism between a powerful n Ilion and
an obstinate Pope is new in our times ; but it was
seen by our fathers, and it has run down every
history from tlic time of Constantine. No nation
that has not been too poor to plunder or too slavish
to repine has ever escaped a sort of chronic contest
with the Romish hierarchy. We may trace step
by step every advance in civilisation, in liberty, in
industry, in commerce, of every nation that is now
great by some conquest over the obstacles interposed
by the head of the Roman Church. We t•ay nothing
01 the Roman Catholic religion. The firmest ad vo-
cates of that faith have generally been the most
zealous opponents of Papal pretensions. France
herself once won and had, and prized her Gallic
liberties. Richelieu himself once had to remind his
expostulating brethren that he was a Frenchman
before he was a Churchman. The whole warp and
woof of our English history, long before the Refor-
mation, is interlaced with struggles against the Pope.
All our laws of property were, even in those times,
directed to the defeat of the machinations of the
Pope. It must always be so. It is an inevitable
necessity that an enlightened people must be hostile
to a Power which can scatter curses abroad and
shed blood at home, and which does so upon prin-
ciples that forbid the advance of the human race.
Tho Emperor of the French, fortunately, rules over
a nation which is not very sensitive to such in-
fluences as the Pope can use. The Pope's power for
political purposes exists in European countries only
among the lowest and the most ignorant of the
Catholic community. If the Emperor goes to the
work as he can go to his work, the Pope has much
more to fear from Napoleon than Napoleon has to
fear from the Pope.

IMPORTS OF COAL.—Aecording to a statement
just prepared the importation of coal, seaborne and by rail-
ways and canals, into London during the year 1E59 was—
seaborne 10,693 ships, 3,209,170 tons • railway, 4,191
tons,l6o
tons; and canal, 16,9 '
16,964—making the total 4,507,303 .
These figures show an increase of 32,724 tons, or about 1
per cent., seaborne, and 648 tons by rail (a merely frac-
tional per contago) ; and a decrease of 3,260 tons, or 16 per
cent., by canal. The entries of ships by the principal fac-
tors during the year were :—Hill, Wood, and Hughearris,
s,
1,763 ships; Marshall and Page, 1,188; Dixon, H
and Co., 1,064 ; Chaytor, Webster, and Andrews, 968; S.
Clarke, 620 ; William Mines, 598 • Taylor and Plowman,
535 ; F. D. Lambert, 505 ; Metcalfe and Cory, 370 ; Mirk-
ton and Watson, 361; Miller and Potter, 173; and Smith
and Scurfield, 47.
APPEASING A GUILTY CONSCIENCE.—A young
lady travelling ftom Doncaster to Halifax about eight years
ago had the misfortune to have her pocket picked
a littlekedofapurs
purse
containing £4 12s. The young lady was n
sur-
prised a few days ago to receive the following letter, en-
closed in which was a£s note Madame, I believe you
lost a purse some years ago in a railway carriage. I believe
that I found it, and was leaving the country at the same
time. Having since returned and inquired, I have found
your then address. I therefore enclose you a £5 Bank of
England note (and send it to the clergyman of the place
where you then resided), which I think will pay the con-
tents of the purse with interest. lam serry I have kept 't
so long, but MO Ad it, 11—.",--Naitch l
egeY
Avornincr.

E S PAPER

TILE .4 U S TRIANS VM4I-21!-R,;$i•AV4 •
7 ,
A private letter from Pe, lietihe oth :3-ntinai347
,
states' as follows : ,
"The Austrian functiona " are continuinia
all parts of the country, to s " --and •
furniture, grain, and live steels ofAlie par phiple
who are unable to meet their demands for the pay-
ment of the 'scandalously exorbitant taxes which
the Viennese Government is not ashamed to impose.
But the oppressive character of these proceed-
ings, and the mingled insolence and cruelty
with which the Austrians carry them out,
are exciting a spirit of indignation amens.
all classes, which threatens, sooner or later, tot
find vent in a formidable explosion. Two circum-
stances of recent occurrence will, I think, show that
the endurance of the Hungarians must be well nigh
exhausted. A few days ago at Pelee z, in the county
of Szathmar, a peasant, named Rosa, had his horse
seized for non-payment of taxes, and the animal
was sold for 3 florins (about ss). By the loss of his
horse the peer fellow was entirely ruined, and I am
assured that it was a heartrending spectacle to see
the- bitter anguish of his wife and children as the
animal was knocked down for such a miserable sum.
The man himself, on seeing that the horse was about
to he led away, pulled out a pistol, and shot it dead.
The skin alone is worth more than your three
florins,' said he, ' and I will not allow myself to be
robbed of more than I can help by the agents of the
infamous Hapsburgs; The second case is more seri-
ous. A Wallachian woman, of the county of Zara-
Lad, not having paid her taxes, the Austrian func-
tionaries seized a chain, made, as is not unusual in
this country, of gold coins strung together; they
put it up to auction, and, of course, knocked it down
to one of themselves for about a tenth of its value.
The poor woman, with tears streaming from her
eyes, represented that, the chain having belonged:to
her mother and grandmother, she prized it more than
anything on earth; and she implored again and again
that it might be kept for three short days, by the
end of which time she should be able to raise money
to redeem it. But her very reasonable request was
coarsely refused. Exasperated beyond endurance
-she struck the presiding Austrian functionary a
blow in the face, which sent him sprawling in the
dust. Off to prison she was carried, and she has
there been subjected to such fearful scourging that
she is now, if report speaks true, on the brink of
death.

" In my last letter I stated that the Government
had forbidden any more demonstrations in honour
of the national poet Kazinczy. I have since learnt
that the reason why it did so was this :—At Sze-
phalom, in Lower Hungary, the poet's birthplace, a
grand ceremony was got up, and people for 50 miles
around, including the leading magnates of the dis-
trict, assembled to take part in it. Almost all the
persons present were in deep mourning, and their
attitude was so resolute, their language so patriotic,
that the local functionaries in dismay telegraphed
to Vienna and to Pesth that an insurrection was
about to begin. The affair, however, passed off as
had been intended, in the most orderly manner pos-
sible. But 'the Viennese people received such a
terrible fright that the Archduke Albert, as Geyer-,
nor of Hungary, ordered that no more Kazinczy
demonstrations should be tolerated. In spite of his
prohibition, however, many of those which were
projected will certainly take place.
" The Commissions of ' men of confidence' which
are now sitting in different places to examine the
famous communal law of the Government , from
the refusal of men of independence and charter to
have anything to do With them, composed exclusively
of Government functionaries. But if we may judge
from what took place the other day at Kaschau, even
these functionaries will be so influenced by the gene-
ral feeling of the country that they will not obey im-
plicitly Government dictation. Thus, at Kaschnu,
the Commission of Confidence consisted of the Ca-
tholic bishop, the prefect, the aulic councillors, five
mayors, and three independent gentlemen—ten
creatures of the Government to three independents !
Yet this very commission, like that at Path, de-
clared that it had no authority to examine the law,
and that the National Diet alone could do so.
"The atrocious manner in which the Viennese*
Government exercises oppression in this country has
received a new illustration. M. Zsedeuy and
two other of the Kresmark Protestants were lately,
as the newspapers will have informed you, con-
demned to imprisonment for having taken part in
protesting against the imperial patent which destroys
the liberty of Protestants. As if the condemnation
were not iniquitous enough in itself, the scandalous
addition has been made to it that for two days a
week the prisoners shall be made to fast. In this
country fasting can by law be imposed on none but
thieves and murderers, and yet 111. Zsedeny and his
companions are not only gentlemen in every mean-
ing of the word, but the offence for which they are
condemned is one that carries with it no moral
taint even in Austrian eyes.
"As the newspapers and newspaper correspon-
dents under the influence of the Austrian Govern-
ment frequently do me the honour tQ attack my
letters to you, and even at times to say that my
statements are incorrect (an assertion, par paren-
these, which to every cue who knows the Viennese
Government is proof positive of their truth), per-
haps you will allow me to give an example, not
only of my exactness, but of the fact tl-at I really
have access to very excellent information. Samo
days back, you may remember, all the Viennese
journals, together with the Augsburg Gazette and
the other foreign journals devoted to Austrian po-
licy, declared that the great aristocrats had resolved
to give up the pay and other emoluments of the
military and civil appointments, in order to relieve
the fearful financial embarrassments of the Go-
vernment; but I stated to you, in contradiction to
all these journals, that the said aristocrats contem-
plated doing nothing of the kind, and would do
nothing of the kind, though earnestly solicited by
that most unhappy of mortals the Minister of Fi-
nance. IN ell, the Wiener Zeitung, an official organ
of Vienna, publishes a formal declaration to the
effect that all those journals were wrong."

e

DR. GUTERIE ON .RAGGED SCTIOOLe.
At a meeting of the Edintrargh Original Ragged
Schools, Dr. Guthrie exposed the absurdity and
impolicy of Lord Palmerston's Act, whereby it is
made imperative that before a boy can be admitted
into a Reformatory School he must have undergone
imprisonment for 14 days. He never had heard
before of it being necessary for a person to have a
criminal brand upon his bro v before he could be
found entitled to the benefits of education at the
expense of the State. Lord Palmerston, however,
said, if the Ragged School would take a child and
endeavour to prevent him becoming a criminal, the
Government would allow one penny per week ; hut
if the boy had the brand of a conviction sending
him 14 days to prison upon him, they would give
them is. or Bs. per week for rubbing it out, if pos-
sible. He then gave an account of a visit which he
paid to the Achim- hulk, fitted up as a Reformatory
Institution at Liverpool, and where he was received
with the honours of an admiral ; and mentioned
that none of the boys there could be received into
the Royal Navy, although shey were admirably
trained as sailors, because they had the brand of
convicts on their brows. They were, however,
eagerly run upon for the mercantile marine. Dr.
Guthrie then pointed out the inconsistency of the
Government making such large allowances to
schools belonging to the Estab.ished Church, the
Free Church, the Episcopalian Church, and
the churches of the other denominations, when
the most of the parents of the children
educated there were perfectly able to pay for
their education ; and he denounced the conduct
of the Government in allowing £lOO a-year to
the Royal Institution for a nude figure to be
drawn fron by the students, while their Ragged
School, as he calculated, would get only £6O for
300 boys and girls rescued from vico and degra-
dation. It was a burning shame, and it was un-
worthy of the Government to treat them so, who
were saving immortal souls from destrucon, and
preventing them from growing up criminals and
outcasts. The sum which the Government was
to allow them was two-thirds of a farthing per
day. He would say, perish the Government money
rather than accept such an inadequate pittance as
that. He intended to double his own subscrip-
tion, and he appealed to the ladies to increase
their subscriptions and efforts on behalf of the
school, and to make up for the loss of the Govern-
ment grant. He concluded by reading a letter
which he had received horn a ploughman, eta'
closing a subscription of 10s. towards the funds
of the Ragged School, the miit
er stating that it
was all he could af7ord,
as he bad to support a
widowed mother, he being her only son.

EMIGRATION TO THE CAPE or GOOD Horr.—
Tler Majesty's 'Emigration Commissioners have given notice
of theitkintention to receive tenders on Monday next, the
16th inst., for a ship to proceed to Table Bay, to carry not
exceeding 200 statute adults. to be ready for the reception
of passengers on the 21st of February. The ship must be
supplied Nfith 50 fathoms of chain cable in addition to the
quantity usually required for the Australian voyage, and
must carry the full legal complement of water, and an ap-
paraus, if supplied by the Commissioners, for distilling
water, cooking, and baking, for the use of which £35 are to
be paid by the shipowner, who is to provide the requisite
fuel, and passage out and home (but not wages), for a man
to work the apparatus.
THE LATE HIGHWAY ROBBERY IN LEEDS.—
Yesterday at the Leeds Town-hall, Theresa Watson end
Martha Vates, the two women implicated in the late vio-
lent assault and robbery of Mr. James Trafford, a silk
manufacturer from Leek, in Staffordshire, was again
brought up on remand. There was no additional evidence,
and the magistrates decided to discharge the prisoners on
their entering into their own recogniA6RooB to appear when
called upon.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, the comedy of THE EVIL GENIUS
Miss Reyno!ds.
After which, the new Haymarket Comic Christmas Panto-
mime, VALENTINE'S DAY; or, Harlequin and tile Fairy
of the True Lovers' Knot. The pantomimists the unrivalled
Leclercqs.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEUM.-a-.
Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste.
Re-engagement of the Spanish Dancers.
THIS EVENING, the popular Drama of ST. MARY'S
EVE. Madeline (her original character) Madame Celeste.
After which, will be produced a new Grand Christmas Ex-
travivranza and Pantomime, KING T HRIJSIIBE ARD, the
LITTLE PET and the GREAT PASSION. Clown, Mr. IL
Marshall—Columbine, Miss Hosing.