The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 24, 1869.

Tlll3, WHATHER.—Sim OFFICE, DEC. 23, 1860.
THEATIONEETER, IN THE SHADE.
33—highest since noon yesterday.
23—lowest this morning and during the night.
23—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.63.
WlND—Westerly to South—very light; with fine sharp
frosty weather, the hardest we have had yet.

Dzo. 24.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHAM
29—highest since noon yesterday.
24—lowest this morning and during the night.
27—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-29.45—n0w up to 29.48.
WlND—Westerly, inclining to South—light ; with con-
tinuous frosty weather, but fine.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
race DAY.—Morning, 10h. 51m.—Afternoon, 11h. 23m.
To-MORROW.-Morning, 12h. —m.—Afternoon, —h. —m.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, DEC. 24, 1860.

Another Austrian Reform Bill ! Not the last,
however, we expect. There have been several
already which might all date from Solferino. There
was first the Patent for the Hungarian Protestants
in September of the same year; then the Reichsrath,
and the Hungarian scheme such as it was; then the
plans for all the other States ; but all would not
avail. Hungary would hear of nothing but histori-
cal rights, and 4he most faithful old provinces
kicked at the shabby constitutions offered them.
At last, therefore, another move was made. Baron
VON ScImIERLINg, who was a good Liberal in 1848,
and who has not been a very bad one for Austria
ever since, was made Minister of the Interior in the
place of the memorable Count GOLUCHOWSKI ; and,
as was understood at the time, with the concession
to him of such liberal demands as it was hardly
expected the EMPEROR could have digested. What
the chief of these are Mr. REUTER now tells us.
Our information is from a circular addressed by
the Baron to the Governors of provinces, apprising

them of his intended policy. Referring to the

Imperial manifesto of October, the value of which,
doubtless, depended far more on the spirit with
which it was worked than on the letter of the docu
ment, he declares that it is "the mission of Minis-
ters of State to carry out fully and effectually the
resolutions and intentions of the EMPEROR as
therein expressed. And since Austrian Charters
of every kind are always meant to admit of the
narrowest or most latitudinarian construction
according to circumstances, we may hope that the
EMPEROR is convinced that he must adopt the
most liberal interpretation of his own document.
If we are to interpret Baron SCHMERLING'S own
circular, as liberally as he proposes to construe his
master's character, with two great exceptions, the
promise to the ear is almost marvellous. Religious
worship, education, the nationality question, the
press, municipal administration, the administration
of police, the provincial statutes, the Council of the
Empire, are all adverted to, and past concessions
retouched in the liberal sense. Freedom of reli-
gious worship is spoken of in singularly circumlo-
cutory phraseology—civil and political rights, it is
said, shall in that respect be preserved against
encroachment. A sentence which in England must
express the common creed of our country, that no
man should be damaged in his civil and political
relations by his religious views ; but which in
Austria might mean that such civil and political
rights as the different religious confessions already
enjoyed, should not be interfered with. We will
hope, in such a circular, that the former is the real
meaning, since with characteristic German senti-
mentality we are told that the different confessions
are to be placed on an " equitable footing"—and
more than that, .on footing of " real love for our
neighbours." Happy sects ! Baron SCHMERLING
might do us some good here too.
Education is of course to be promoted in every
way ; but what means the clause that " the free
development of nationalities is to be accorded ?" It
can be, from the clause relating to the Reichsrath,
but a federal development ; it is not intended that
the union of the provinces should be merely per-
sonal under the Crown of Austria. The Press is
promised the removal of " every preventive inter-
ference." For some little time the Vienna papers,
even under the former Minister, have been writing
with unwonted freedom on. public matters ; we
may hope, therefore, that even more freedom is
intended than French editors yet enjoy. Agricul-
ture, commerce, and industry, Von SCHMERLING
seems to think, like all Continentals, it is in his
power to develope ; he means to work in the paths
already pursued, which are in great part the
paths of protection, not unmixed, however,
with some liberality in the Customs' tariff.
We fear the Baron will also need Mr. COBDEN
for a guest, before he comprehends the gain of
commercial liberty. The independence of the
Communes, we in England hardly understand ; our
municipalities are all so perfectly independent
that we think of them in no other form. Pro-
bably the heads of the Communes have been
hitherto nominated by the Crown. The admi-
nistration of justice is to be separated from the
Government administration, and trials are to be
public, and oral forms of proceeding introduced.
But here we find one of the great omissions

adverted to—there is no provision for trial by
jury before irremovable judges. An open trial
and a free press will do much, very much; they
are great securities for justice; but we in this
country know full well that, at certain times,
despotic governments will face both these, and
juries only have saved patriots from the vengeance
of the Crown or a Cabinet.

From the two paragraphs relating to the
provincial statutes and the Council of Empire—the
lteichsrath, we gather that the provincial assem-
blies will be elected in a tolerably liberal manner,
and have power to originate business independently
of the Government which had not at first been con-
ceded. it is especially mentioned that the previncial
Diets will be competent to legislate only on provin-
cial questions; that the Council of the Empire will
be composed of members elected unconditionally
by the provincial Diets, and that it will, besides,

" receive additional members." Who, and what
will these additional members be ? We who have
a House of Lords, however, cannot say much on
that delicate subject. The Council is, however,
to have the right of originating "projects of law
with publicity of debate." It will be, on the whole,
therefore, a body enjoying vastly greater constitu-
tional powers than the Chambers of Louis NAPO-
LEON, which can originate nothing, and are but
scantily trusted even now with the right of discus-
sion and of amendment. Indeed, with the very
important exception of• trial• by jury, if Baron
SCHMERLING'S views are fairly carried out, Austria
will be a country enjoying far more of civil and
religious liberty than the nation which asserts
itself to be at the head of European civilisation.

But this leads us to the second important ex-
ception before adverted to—there is no mention
°f Rungary. la it the intention of the Baron to

assume that she is one of the provinces, and is that
powerful kingdom to occupy a position similar to
that of one of the petty provinces of the Empire.
He must know that this will never do. He
cannot govern Hungary, now, from Vienna. He
ought not to be able to do so. The kingdom of
Hungary, with its free dependencies, is the half or
nearly so, of the Austrian Empire, and supplies the
best part of its army. Not only its historical
rights, but its actual importance at this day, de-
mand for it a feu much higher relation to the
Empire than one which may suffice for Styria or
Carinthia, or even the Tyrol. This is the difficulty
SCHMERLING has to meet. Hungary contributes so
much to the strength of the Empire that it will not
submit to have its soldiers and money voted away
by others. She will not rest till she secures
those only guarantees for liberty, the power
to say what military and pecuniary strength she
will furnish her SOVEREIGN. We expressed a fear
the other day that our Government would need
looking after on this subject. If M. KOSSUTH be
right, and on such a subject he is not likely to be
wrong, it seems our Government, is, as we feared,
not unlikely to pursue a course, in regard to
Hungary, the opposite of that which has made
it so popular at home as well as abroad in re-
gard to Italy. If Ministers do they will hear of it
with the opening of the Session. The charge is,
indeed, a serious one, that they are allowing
again Russia and the Principalities to help
Austria ! We refer the reader to M. KOSSUTH'S
interesting letter to the Glasgow meeting ; and we
warn the country that it must be on the alert.
Uur Court always leans to Austria, and all Cabinets
incline to their Courts. We also fear that, in
addition, even Lord JOHN RUSSELL, unlike his
conntry, cares more for Austria than for Hungary.

The Frost is suggestive of the State of the
Drainage. In reference to which latter subject
the Registrar-General's accounts have recently
shown how directly that affects the amount of the
annual mortality. If anything could have tended
to hearten the authorities at the Board of Health
and at the Board of Public Works to the develop-
ment of the Main Drainage scheme, it would have
been the record given by the Registrar-General
throughout the chief part of the expiring twelve-
month. That record was demonstrative of the
remarkable fact that the last spring, summer, and
autumn, the most humid seasons consecu-
cutively almost within any one's recollec-
tion, have constituted at the same time one
of the most salubrious years of which London holds
remembrance. This—not in spite of, but by reason
of, the extraordinary quantity of rain that has
fallen flooding the streets, flushing the sewers, and
thereby sweeping them clear of all their feculent
and pestilential contents. Nothing, we repeat, could
more distinctly have proved than this has done,
the direct, manner in which the Drainage of a
great city affects the state of the health, affects the
extent of the mortality of its inhabitants. The
result of that prolonged rainy season beginning, as
far back as September, 1859, and ending only in
September, 1860—a steady and almost uninter-
rupted downpour of one whole twelvemonth, the
lengthened cataract of rain, rain, rain, very nearly
without any intermission. The result of that unusual
humidity has shown quite clearly, now for once and
for all, that by clearing out the shores of a great and
populous capital, the deaths numbered up among
its inhabitants are inevitably brought down very
much indeed below the average. It is no longer
matter of conjecture. It has become, in regard
to 1859-1860, in reference to London, matter of
absolute certainty. Given such and such a fall of
water to bear away the impurities of the metro-
poiis from the subterranean channels through which
those impurities are ordinarily allowed to pass
sluggish on towards their destination, and you may
be quite sure that within that current season and
the season immediately following the mortality will
be found to have appreciably diminished. This
happy consequence of the heavy rains, the Regis-
trar-General has recently computed through the
medium of his periodical statements. And it is a
consequence that has come upon us at the very time
that the destination of the contents of the slums
of London has still continued to be
the River Thames ! The tide of that river
or open sewer of the metropolis twice every day,
carrying the filth poured into it up and down be-
tween bridges to the pollution of the water itself
and to the inevitable pollution, more or less, of the
whole atmosphere.
Let the outlet of our drainage system be
removed to a reasonable distance from the
capital, and the dimunition recently noted in
the amount of the annual mortality among its in-
habitants must inevitably under similar circum-
stances —that is to say with a recurrence of plen-
tiful and prolonged rains like those excessive rains
of the last year—be far more noticeable. Diminu-
tion upon diminution, in point of fact,
might be insured equally well by the diver-
gence of the: channels of the Main Drainage
from the river Thames itself, the great tidal river,

almost bisecting the twin cities of London and
Westminster—by the divergence of those channels
from the river away either to a sufficiently remote
part of our coastline or (after the deodorisation of
the sewage matter) far and away, for the purposes
of manuring, into the agricultural districts. Only
let the drainage of London be facilitated—only let
it be diverted from the tidal river—only let it be

carried away with sufficient rapidity and with suf-
ficient completeness either to the distant seashore,
there to be emptied as rrefuse into the
great deep, or (better still) to the agricultural dis-
tricts, there to apply the deodorised sewage matter
to the purposes of cultivation—and the already
diminished and diminishing mortality of the metro.
polis must be brought down to a still more remark-
able minimum.
Happily for the people of this vast metropolis
the simple truths here insisted upon have already

ong since come to be recognised, not as they

were a few years back by an inconsiderable
minority, but by a very considerable majority of
the thinking part of the population. Nay, these
wholesome and most salutary truths are more
than merely recognised—they are being energe-
tically acted upon to the general satisfac-
tion of the public, under the express autho-
risation of the Legislature, and through

the resolute labours of the active officials
working under her MAJESTY'S Government. The
Herculean task of cleansing more than an Augean
stable, of purifying a city ten miles in length,
seven miles in breadth, and peopled by 3,000,000
of inhabitants, this immense Herculean labour is no

onger being talked of, it has literally and posi-

tively been commenced. The excavations are
being made simultaneously in various parts of Lon-
don and Westminster. Larger and larger channels
of purification are worming their way under this
wilderness of dwelling-houses. Little by little,
inch by inch, gradually it will come in
the end to be mile by mile the main
Drainage Scheme resolved upon to bo carried out by
the Imperial Legislature, will have bored and moled

its way under the whole of the metropolis, until
London shall have been undermined by the salubrious
network of one completely organised subterranean.

labyrinth. The hastening of this admirable work
towards its conclusion ought to be among the most
cherished designs of every Administration in
this country holding the reins and entrusted with
the responsibilities of Government.

Professor Storndale Bennett is busy upon a new
oratorio to be brought out at the Leeds Festival next year.

Mr. Bailey, curator of the Soane Museum, died
on tho 17th inst. The appointment of a successor rests with
the Royal Academy.

The Royal Mail steamer Tasmanian left South-
ampton yesterday for St. Thomas. She will bring home
the West India mail due at Southampton on the 29th
proximo. She took out a mail for St. Thomas, and cargo,
but no passengers.
We are authorised to state that there is no truth
whatever in the very scandalous report which appeared in
the Manchester Guardian, and copied into several other
papers, of certain proceedings on board the yacht Sylphide,
at Naples, letters having been received from Captain
' Grandy on the 23d inst., dated Dec. 11, at Naples, all well
on board at that date.

REINFORCEMENTS FOR NEW ZEALAND.—The
Bombay Government, in pursuance of instructions from
England, have chartered the Castilian, 1,064 tons, at £24
per head, and the Star Queen, 836 tons, at £l9 10s. per
head, for the conveyance of her Majesty's 57th Regiment
from Bombay to New Zealand.

THE CATTLE TRADE.—NORWICH, Dec. 22.—To-
day's market was only tolerably supplied with store cattle,
but the miserable state of the weather—snow falling at in-
tervals all day—caused a thin attendance of buyers, and
trade was extremely dull. Prices tended downwards, and
were ss. to 10s. per head below the quotations current three
weeks or a month since. Sheep, which were in small supply,
were also dull. Fat beasts and 'sheep made full rates.
THE RISCA COLLIERY EXPLOSION,—NEWPORT,
SATURDAY.--Public announcement has been made to-day
of a meeting in aid of the sufferers by the Risca Colliery
explosion. The meeting will be presided over by the Right
Hon. Lord Tredegar. The notification has been received
with general satisfaction, as a desire to subscribe had bean
already manifested in many quarters.
SUICIDE OF A GAMBLER.—At Frankfort two
suicides were committed three days back from the same
cause—losses at play ; and in the same way—the discharge
of pistols at the head. One of the victims was Prince Von
—, proprietor of a large estate in the Grand Duchy of
Posen, who is said to have lost at Hamburg about 100,000
thalers (380,000 fr.) ; the other was a commercial traveller
named Mayer, who lost at Nassau 2,000 thalers (7,600 fr.),
belonging to his employer, a merchant of Lubeck.
The following particulars have been furnished
of the accident that occurred to the William Cory while
laying the submarine telegraph cable destined to connect
Toulon with Algiers. The shore end of the cable was safely
landed in the Bay of Sablettes on Friday, the 14th inst., and
the William Cory got under way in the afternoon about 3
o'clock. The following day, at noon, having run a distance
of 89 miles, she signalled the Gomer (a frigate appointed
by the French Government to attend upon her) to commu-
nicate for the purpose of exchanging observations. In
doing so the Gomer ran stem on into the William Cory,
striking her on the port side just abaft the main rigging,
and carrying away funnels, mizenmast, steering wheel, and
paying out machinery. It being then impossible to pro-
ceed with the operation, the cable was buoyed in about
1,300 fathoms' water, and the Gomer towed the William
Cory into Toulon harbour. Up to the time the cable was
cut (after being buoyed) the communication between the
ship and the shore was perfect, and there is said to be every
hope that as soon as the William Cory is repaired the
operation will be successfully completed. The steam cor-
vette Caton has been despatched by the French Govern-
ment from Toulon to watch the buoy.
SHIPWRECK ON THE GOODWIN SANDS.--RAMS -
GATE, Saturday.—During the sharp snow-squalls of yes-
terday, the wind blowing fresh from the north, a shocking
shipwreck took place on the Goodwin Sands. A Deal lug
ger, which has come in, reports that about noon yesterday
they were cruising near the North Sand Head, where they
observed a brigantine with painted ports (apparently laden)
go upon the Goodwin. The snow was falling heavily at the
time, and almost immediately after the ill-fated vessel
struck. She disappeared, and there is little doubt that
the whole of the unfortunate crew perished. The
state of the weather prevented any assistance being ren-
dered them, even if the destruction of the ship had not
been so rapid.

THE HENLEY-HILL MURDER.—The inquest on
Martha Anne Greenway, who was murdered by her husband
a few days ago, was resumed on Saturday morning at Ease-
bourne Union Workhouse, near Midhurst, before Mr. R.
Blagden, coroner for the western division of Sussex. The
accused, William Greenway, was present in the custody of
the keeper of Petworth Gaol, and appeared much depressed.
Witnesses were examined whose evidence corroborated the
account already given of the occurrence, and the jury, after
a brief consultation, returned a verdict of "Wilful Mur-
der" against William Greenway, who was committed to
Petworth Gaol, to take his trial at the next Sussex Assizes.
SEMI-OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.—We under-
stand that Margaret Hannah, the young woman recently
sentenced to death at Edinburgh for the murder of her
infant, will not be executed, and that her Majesty has been
pleased to commute the sentence to penal servitude for life.
No female has been executed for an offence of this descrip-
tion for several years. The sentence of death passed upon
Thomas Richardson at the last Lincoln Assizes for the mur-
der of a police-officer has been respited during her Majesty's
pleasure. It appears that the deceased officer was entirely
unknown to the prisoner, who could have borne him no ill-
will, and that the fatal shot was fired at the impulse of the
moment, probably without any intention of destroying life.
Mr. Henry Thring, conveyancer, of Lincoln's-Inn, who has
had considerable experience in preparing Government bills,
is appointed Parliamentary draughtsman to the Home-office,
in the room of Mr. Waller Coulson, Q.C., deceased. The
Rev. Hamilton Dicker is appointed chaplain to the British
Consulate at Dunkirk.
THE MURDER OF A FRENCH JUDGE.—The
Journal de la Haute-Saone publishes the following docu-
ments :—" A murder was committed on the night of the sth
December in one of the carriages of the Eastern Railway,
on the person of M. Poinsot, Presidentof the Imperial Court
of Paris. The murderer carried off the following articles :-
1. A black and white travelling rug, of English manufacture;
2. A leather travelling bag, containing some books on gar-
dening, a work of Debreuil, and a knife with buck-horn
handle; 3. A gold watch, No. 2,638, by Souriau, Rue de la
Paix ; 4. A gold chain having a key attached, set with a
ruby, engraved with the letter P ; 5. A porte-monnaie, in
black morocco, with a steel clasp. The undersigned requests
all officers of justice to arrest any person having such articles
in his possession. Paris, Dec. S, 1860. Cordoeu, Procureur
Imperial." The same journal gives the following description
of the murderer :—'• Murderer of M. Poinsot—Charles Jud,
27 years of age, 5 feet 7 inches in height, brown hair, high
forehead, long and thin face, a scar above the left eyebrow, I
come of his teeth broken; beard reddish brown, and, if
worn, not more than of ten days' growth. He has some
times gone by the name of Jud, and at others of Montalti
and Matricou. A. warrant has been issued for his arrest.
The undersigned requests all officers of justice to endea
your to arrest him.—Paris, 10th Dec., Uordoeu, Procureur
Imperial."

FATAL EXPLOSION.—Some additional particu-
lars are now known of the fearful and destructive explosion
which occurred in Hetton Pit, in the Wear coalfield, on
Thursday night. The colliery where the sad calamity has
taken place belongs to Messrs. Archibald Cochrane and
partners, and is under the management of dr. N. Wood, the
well-known north country viewer, and president of the
Northern Institute of Mining Engineers. Mr. John Dag-
leish is the resident viewer. The accident, the exact nature of
which has not been ascertained, occurred about 9 o'clock on
Thursday night, destroying, it is feared, 23 men and lads in
the pit, for that is the number unaccounted for. The ordinary
pitmen, about 200 in number, left their work about 6 in the
evening and came to bank, having completed theirday's work
and the men who went down about the time when they
came up, and were employed in the mine at the time of the
explosion, were stonemen—masons whose duty it was to
repair the road or roller-way, and do other work of a similar
character in the pit. The very valuable stud of horses and
ponies employed in the pit have been destroyed by the firing
of the hay and straw in the stables near the shaft. The
Hetton Pit was reported to be one of, the best ventilated in
the north of England. Through its down-cast shaft between
170,000 and 200,000 cubic feet of air is stated to pass to the
workings every minute. The pit is a very old one, and the
regulations appear to be of the strictest character. The
surgeon of the colliery, Mr. Edger, has been most diligent
in his attentions to those who have beengescued. The men
saved are 12 in number. Four bodies have been recovered,
and according to the last intelligence from the colliery either
18 or 19 men and lads are missing.

TERCENTENARY OF THE SCOTTISH REFORMA-
TION.—At its meeting in May last the General Assembly
of the Church of Scotland appointed Divine service to take
place in all the churches and chapels on Thursday, the 20th
of December, being the tercentenary of the first meeting of
the Assembly and the establishment of the Presbyterian
Church. The Free Church and United Presbyterian
Church also appointed the day to be observed as one of
thanksgiving for the blessings of the Reformation. The
celebration, though a Presbyterian rather than a national
one, received the sanction of themagistratrs of Edinburgh,
who recommended the suspension of business, but in Glas-
gow and various other towns the magistrates declined to
issue any such recommendation. In Edinburgh, notwith •
standing magisterial patronage, the attendance at the
churches was extremely small, this being partly owing to
the fact that the law courts, banks, and public offices were
all open as usual, and at least half the shops and work-
shops, and partly owing to the very severe snowstorm.
Several of the churches held only ono diet of worship
through the day, and others met only in the evening, and
various puble, meetings were held at night and speeches
delivered on the events of 1560. On the whole the dfrpon-
strati= may be pronounced a failure, having been felt by
the great majority of the people of Scotland to be wholly
superfluous, and only serving as an occasion to the "No
Popery" party.

LATIET NEWS.

REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.
ROME, DEC. 21.
The posting up of the bills in favour of annexa-
tion to Sardinia has not led to any arrests.
Crowds of people are reading the bills.

NAPLES, DEC. 21.
The insurrectionary bands have intrenched them-
selves in the mountains.

It is said that a decree is in course of preparation
ordering an extraordinary levy of men between 18
and 55 years of age.

NAPLES, DEC. 21 (EVENING).
It is stated upon reliable authority that the French
fleet is about to quit its station off Gaeta.
Great demoralisation prevails among the besieged

army.
The batteries planted on the heights of Tortola
reply to the fire of the city.
Naples is tranquil, and the state of things in the
provinces is satisfactory.
A reactionary conspiracy, organised at Rome, has
been discovered.
The city of Naples will give a grand ball to the

army.
A great rise in the Neapolitan and Sardinian
funds has taken place here.

VIENNA, DEC, 21.

The official Wiener Zietung of to-day publishes a
circular addressed by Baron von Schmerling to ,the
governors of the provinces, explaining the leadins
principles of his policy. The Baron says :

" It is the mission of the Ministers of State to
carry out fully and effectively the resolutions and
intentions of the Emperor as expressed in the
Imperial Manifesto of the 20th of October.
" As regards freedom of religious worship, it ix
the will of the Emperor that political and civil rights
shall in this respect also be preserved against any
encroachment, and that the mutual relations of the
different confessions shall be established upon an
equitable footing, and upon the real love for one's
neighbour (Nachstenliebe).
" Public instruction will be promoted by every
possible means.

" The free de'velopment of the nationalities is
accorded.

" With respect to the public Press, every pre-
ventive interference is removed.

" The development of agriculture, commerce, and
industry will be pursued with redoubled energy on
the path hitherto followed.
" The communes will enjoy an independent exis-
tence.

" The administration of justice is to be separated
from the Governmental Administration.

" Publicity and the oral form of proceeding are
to be introduced into the civil and penal courts of
law.

" As regards the Pontifical Statutes, the Ministry
of State has been authorised to introduce into the
fundamental laws the principle of representation of
the different interests by means of direct elections,
and the extension of electoral rights and eligibility,
the right of initiative, and the publicity of debates.
" On the Council of the Empire, to whose pro-
vince belongs the general legislation—while the
Provincial Diets are only competent to legislate on
provincial questions—is therefore conferred the
right of originating projects of law and publicity
of debate.

" The Council of the Empire will be composed of
members unconditionally elected by the Provincial
Diets, and will besides receive additional members.
" The provincial Governmeats of the minor
Crown lands, recently suppressed, are to be re-
established."

In conclusion, Baron Schmerling exhorts the
public functionaries to a conscientious discharge
of their duties, to the furtherance of the interests
of the inhabitants of their• provinces, to a strict
observance of the laws, and to candour in their
official reports on the condition of the country,

ROME, DEC. 21.

The Pope delivered an allocution in the Con• ,
sistory held on the 17th inst. His Holiness spoke
of the persecution of the Christians in Syria and
China. He condemned the pamphlet of M. Cayla.
entitled Le Pope et l'Empereur, and announced
that the Grand Duke of Baden had violated thee
Pontifical Concordat.

The Roman patriots have posted up on the walls
of Rome bills bearing the arms of King Victor
Emmanuel, and the words, " We desire annexation

AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY.

The Royal Mail steamship Arabia, Captain Stone'
which left Thaston on the 12th, and Halifax on the
14th, arrived in the Mersey at noon to-day, bringing
81 passengers. On the 16th passed the steamship
Persia, and on the 19th the steamship Canada, both
bound west. The Arabia touched at Queenstown
yesterday (Saturday).
The steamship Europa was intercepted off Care
Race on the 11. th instant by the newsboat of the
Associated Presf3,
Advises front Washington show a more hoPefel
political feelin g and some slightly better prospect
of the pacification of the country.
The New York Times of the 10th says :—C°ll'
gress, after resting since the 6th, will meet again
to-day, when the final determination of those nienl'
bers of the house who have expressed a disinclin!.
tion to serve on the Special Committee will be
known. It will probably be an exciting seaslei),l
and the reports of the proceedings will be looked
for with much anxiety. Meantime our despatches
from Washington are not of a very encouraging
character. The senators from the slaveholdieg
states held a conference at the capitol on SaturdeP
at which the present condition of the country
was freely discussed. The only result which seen°
to have been arrived at was the convict°
that secession is a certainty. A large majoriti:
according to our correspondent, considered it too
late to save the present confederacy ; but thel
expressed the belief' that a new one would be
speedily formed. They do not seem to have give?
any opinion as to the basis on which it would be
constructed. Persons recently arrived at Washilig:,
ton from the south report the excitement there
intense. At Charleston, if we are to he:
iieve the statements which reach us,
misunderstanding has already arisen betifee"
the Federal authorities and those of the ell
or State. Major Anderson, commanding Parn,
Moultrie, has been refused the privilege of sendle°o
to the arsenal for supplies, and his messengers hale
been sent back without them, simply because awl
the articles desired were some percussion caps. 'rho
Government, it is understood, has been appealed '0
to send an additional force, as Major Andereev
has at present only sixty or seventy men pe°r,',
supplied ; but the Administration has absolute 4
refused to do so. In connection. with tbjsl
refusal vague rumours prevail that a for%
notification will soon be given by Soeti
Carolina that she intends to capture the 0
when the Government will order it to be evacuated
Nvithout a contest, to avoid a civil war. Of eon b'
' it is impossible to tell how much truth there In_ete'
be in such rumours. Secretary Cobb, it is asserte:
has already resigned, and will vacate his post tul
day, in which case it is believed he will be fn;
lowed by the representatives from South Carolieb
and others. There is one thing, however, Whiel
may serve as a check upon too hasty actiont4s
that is the character of adVices from England.
sympathy expressed there for the Federal Govere:/
ment on the reception of the first reports of t;
secession movement somewhat surprises the 9
unionists, and they have no hesitation in sailed
that it is not what they expected. As a measure
financial relief to the Government the House eer
mittee of Ways and Means have resolved upon tw
issue of treasury notes.
The Hon. Mr. Cobb, the Secretary of the Tres
td resigned his office on the 11th instant. iejii
Secretary of the Navy would fulfil the duties lin`
a successor to Mr. Cobb was appointed.
The New York Times of the 11th says
session of Congress yesterday was attended wit'
far less excitement than we were led to anticillo
from the tenor of our despatches on Sunday nigh
The discussions upon all topics connected with t_.,"
subject of secession were conducted with calmo7,
.and altogether a decidedly better feeling was o,og
bited on every side. In the Senate, the stencil A
committees of the last session were continued.
04
memorial from Mr. Thaddeus Hyatt, present
by Mr. Sumner, relative to the suffetli;
people of Kansas, was referred to
so
committee on Territories and the Homestead „
was read the first time. Mr. Powell, of Kenttle'rfl
then called up his resolution, presented on Thti
day, relative to the present condition of 'mP(
country, and made a few remarks expressive #
his views. Mr. Collanner, of Vermont, made to
motion, which was agreed to by Mr. Powell, I,
strike out everything from the resolution e%nel)d
ing that which referred to Federal affairs, °et
that it be referred to a Special Comolitto,
Daring a discussion which intervened Mr. lath /J°
of California, said that his state would rei ti,
Nvith the Union under all circumstances, I°4
mating that she could otherwise never secure
great desideratum, the Pacific Railroad.
Mr. Douglas hoped that there would be no nv3re
talk of party until this grave question was settlea, •
Mr. Dar-is, of Mississippi, did not regard tb
proposition asi one promising a good result.
t'
Several other speeches were made on the sobjee
amongst which WAS one by Mr. Dixon, of Connea
cut, who combated the idea that it is irapoeg bi
for the two systems of free and slave labontd
exist in the Confederacy, and the Senate adjourn
at a late hour.
In the house Mr. Hawkins, of Florida, proceeod
to give additional reasons for asking to be elLeeto
from sitting on the Special Committee on Jetl
Perilous Condition of the Union. He coneln.`;lo,
by a warning that Mississippi, Alabama, Fi°lcie,
Georgia, and South Carolina were certain to seee 4
and to be followed by Arkansas, Louisiana,
.e.,0
Texas. The tone- of his remarks, however,
rather more moderate than was expected.
takTehne,
beingvote ionnterMrurp.
tHedabwyktinbse'
introduction,r e ques t was f
1.5
the Committee of Ways and Means, of a 14
authorising the issue of ten millions in Trees'
notes for the relief of the Government. th°
The bill was passed after a brief debate, Oa
house adjourned. 13011
The Ten Million Treasury Note Bill, 11be
passed the House on the 10th, gives power to 00
Secretary of the Treasury to sell them at of
market rates, as the wants of the Government
requiie, bids being limited by a ten days' node the
A. Washington telegram of the 11th, to „re'
Boston General Scott ha° 4ee
p
saysadjustment
" which the eorattilfare
of
fathirty-threeJournal,
of :
desire should be placed baall
them. The select committee was organised to. sod
the members of it from Arkansas, Floricl°' map
South Carolina declining to appear. Mr. 14°u„si'res'
of Alabama, urged prompt action, freely Or t a
sing an opinion that the committee might acllO, id
report which would restore the Union feelweboor
the South, and thus avert secession. The to'
mittee, after organising, adjourned until
morrow." t"
The Democratic members of Congress from 001
North West have had several conferences'
generally adopt Mr. M'Clarnaud's and Valle :60i
ham's position that the Union cannot be peace the
dissolved, and that under no circumstances v"
North West consent to be cut off from the idea
Mexico or the city of New York. The lea the
_bichl
is that of a central government, embracing
middle, Western, and border Slave States, w,..cuta'
however, is to be dependent. upon future el.'
e, an
stances for its consummation.
from eh
The President has just been assured
Con'

authentic source that the authorities of Svibe
Carolina will make no resistance either Wi 140
collection of duties, or to the possession of the.°der
guarding Charleston harbour during the relnal'
of his administration.
There is a better feeling among politicians' Als• •

every mail brings news of the spread of t.
union sentiments.
0
0
On the 10th the extra session of the L0u.,51 in
Legislature commenced, and the Governor sat
and
his message. He recommends a convention, °lief
says that Louisiana ought not to refuse to illeet, of
sister slave stases in demanding a repes'of
obnoxious laws at the North, and a guar3
agunst such legislation in the future. angel
These questions should be met before the in
ration of Mr. Lincoln, and because the hen°llr,let
f-
selrespect of the State does not comport wit"