The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-12 00:00:00

were out to the full length. I should say that the
side chains were on, as I never saw a passenger
train without side thainA, and the working of the

rain would have shown there Wasatnissingshackle.

I don't believe that the side chains were tinta,Atened

because the very breakage shows that they wi re
fastened. The circumstance of my finding one chain
dragging from the last carriage shows that such a
breakage had taken place. It is a violation of the
rules to allow passengers to travel on the outside of
the carriages, and for a guard or any one else to
smoke. I never yet saw a guard smoking while on
duty. Mr, Newall and Mr Lees found a broken
shackle on the line, but on inspectio❑ it was found
to be an old one.

By the Jury—Should say that the breaks were
not applied in time. One break, if applied imme-
diately after separation, might have stopped the
train from receding, and the occurrence been pre-
vented. It was the duty of the guards to apply
these breaks. They ought to have been applied im-
mediately before the train came into the station,
and released when the train came to a stand. It was
the duty of the guard to remain at the break after
taking his break eff until the train had been brought
to a perfect stand, so as to allow for the pressure on
the successive series of buffers to expend itself!
Whether tnis was done or PO I cannot say.
By Mr. Leresche—Supposing that the guard had
gone from his break without alloNing for the re-
bound he would not have acted with common dis-
cretion, but rather with a want of caution as to
amount to an impropriety. I cannot call it an ex-
treme want of caution, nor is it a breach of any of
the company's rules Supposing the guard had done
so that would account for the accident. I cannot
say that I am competent to judge of the strength
of the chains ; they are not so strong as ours.
I do not feel competent to say that the chains pro-
duced are not strong enough to support a train of
31 carriages on such an incline. I think they would
be all the better if they were stronger. One chain
is not broken. The chains belong to the Birken-
head Company's carriages. I remember those Bir-
kenhead carriages beiHg brought to the station for
the inspection of the jury, and the stationmaster
informed me that the coupling broke in shunting
into the siding. Having had my attention drawn
to that circumstance I still adhere to my opinion.
I do not think there was any danger in the circum-
stance of there being only 10 minutes' difference in
the time of the second and third trains leaving
Ramsbottom, supposing that to have been the case.
By Mr. Balawin—To the best of try belief the
engine on which I went after the receding carriages
did not run over anybody, nor did we run into the
ruins of the carriages where the peaple were lying.
I do not know that Mr. Dearden, of Burnley, attri-
butes the injuries he received to being run over by
the engine. I heard at the time no complaint of
my having run over any one, nor have I heard of
such a thing since. I have heard a great many
unfounded rumours in reference to the matter.
By Mr. Robinson—There is a rule against put-
ting an engine behind a train, but to assist a train
up an incline is made an exception.
At the conclusion of the examination of Mr.
Shaw the inquest was further adjourned until
Wednesday morning. There still remain a large
number of witnesses to be examined. At the close
of the day's proceedings Mr. Shaw mentioned that
he had received a communication from Col. Yollard,
R.E., from the Railway Department of the Board
of Trade, who will go over the line on Tuesday, and
probably assist in the investigation before the coro-
ner on Wednesday.

THE ATTEMPT TO MAKE BOMBAY THE
MANCILESTER OF INDIA.

(From the Honey Market Review.)

Our great cotton interest at ho ne is watching
with natural anxiety the movement which is taking
place in India with a view to the extension of cot-
ton-spinning and weaving in that country, under
the forcing effect of the differential duty which has
been imposed by Mr. Wilson. The Bombay Times
and Standard, received this week, declares that
" the number of spinning and weaving companies
now in coarse of formation threatens, if carried out,
to create quite a revolution in the market for Eng-
lish manufactures." It may be interesting to glance
at the statistics of the subject, as they are presented
in the latest advices from Bombay. At Calcutta,
we may remark, there are no new mills building.
The number of existing mills actually in working
order in the Bombay Presidency is as follows :

Spindles. Looms,
Broach Spinning Mill 17,000 ..
Oriental Spinning and Weaving
Company
Bombay Spinning Mills 31,566 ..
The Throstle Mill Company lO,OOO ..

Total 82,566 .. 240

Three of these companies are now extending their
works; experience having taught them that they
cannot work a small spinning mill profitably, owing
to the heavy expenses of European management.
They must be spread over a wider surface, in order
to work with prot. The extensions announced
are as follows :

Spindles. Looms.
Oriental Spinning and Weaving Cora-

pang _ ..,
13,536 .. 225
Bombay Spinning Mills
The Throstle Mill Company

Total..

We now come to the undertakings which are
described in the local reports as " begotten orNir.
Wilson's attempt to double the customs revenue
from English yarn." They are as follows :

Spindles Looms.
Victoria Spinning Company
Ahmedabad Spinning Company 2,500 • ..
Bombay United Spinning Company 20,240 .. 330
Coorla Spinning and Weaving Company 25,000 330
Royal Spinning and Weaving Company 40,000 800
Great Eastern Spinning and Weaving
Company
Manockjee Petty's Spinning and W, aw-
ing Company
In embryo

T0ta1....
The summary of the above stands thus :
Spindles. Looms.
82,566 240

New Working

Extensions -
New establishments

27.536 _ 225
2C0,740 3,560

Grand total
To make these statistics complete, we will show
the capital xl hich each company represents:—
Broach Spinning Mills R5.5,00,0n0
Oriental Spinning and Weaving Company „ 15,62,000
Throstle Mill Company
Bombay Spinning Company
Victoria Spinning Company
Ahmedabad Spinning Company
Bombay United Spinning Company 5,00,000
Coorla Spinning and Weaving Company
Royal Spinning and Weaving Company 15,00,000
Great Eastern Spinning an i Weaving Company 15,00,000
Manockjee Petty's Spinning and Weaving
Company
In embryo

Total _ . 109,37,600

. ,
It seems, then, that, in round numbers, there are
300,000 spindles and 4,000 looms about to be set up
in Bombay, upon a capital of one million sterling.
The movement is canvassed with the greatest
interest in the local journals. One of them indulges
in the following anticipations :

It seems clear that, unless the local mills are to use up
their own yarn in cloth, they would flood Bombay in a
single year with more twist of a low description than it re-
quires in six or' seven. The success of these mills will
plainly, therefore, depend upon their power to work up the
yarn into fabrics suited for the Indian market, and Bombay
must become a great weaving city for her spinning mills to
achieve success. Can she ever become so ? Having rivalled
Manchester in the productions of low yarn, can she rival her
also in the production of coarse grey goods? The question
is a very important one. The Oriental Spinning and Weav-
ing Company is manufacturing longcloths and madapo-
lams, we are told, of a superior finish. It is even stated
that the fabric is preferred by our dealers to the produce of
the Lancashire looms. Should weaving become a success
in the island there is little room to doubt that Bombay will
at no distant time be comerted into a vast manufacturing
city. The mills now in course of establishment can turn
out sufficient yarn to keep six or seven thousand looms em-
ployed. The experiment is already set forth on a scale
sufficiently large, and we recommend its patient trial with-
out further extension. If it fail—not much harm will have
been done; if it succeed, Bombay is destined to be not only
the commercial capital of India, but one of the first manu-
facturing cities of the world.
Now, we have no doubt whatever that there is a
vast deal of exaggeration in all this, and that the
mania for establishing spinning and weaving com•
panies will soon receive a check ; but the animation
which at present prevails in this branch of enter-
prise places in a more striking light than ever the
hardship attempted to be inflicted upon •ur home
interest, in which a vast amount of capital is em-
barked. Our spinners and manufacturers are pre-
pared to meet upon equal terms any and every com
petitor, but to give an exceptional bonus to the
manufacturer in India is utterly opposed to the
spirit of our commercial policy.

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THE BAR VEST AND REAPING

MACHINES.

A writer in a contemporary says :—Having been
engaged in the construction of reaping machine,s
ever since their re-introduction into this country
from the United States, I may perhaps be allowed
to say that Messrs. Dray and Co. were quite right
in refusing to accept the suggestion of your Kentish
correspondent. In order to cut off the ears of the
corn in the field and leave the straws standing,
those ears must all he nearly at the same level in
the same crop. In dry, calm seasons some fields
may he found in this condition, but in such years
no advant ige, but the reverse, would result from
the practice which he recommends. In wet seasons,
on. the other hand, the crops. if not actually laid,
always vary considerably in their inclination in
different parts of the same field ; so that the only
way of cutting them by machinery is to attack them
below the level of the ears which are most inclined
—that is, practically, to cut as close to the ground
as possible.
More money has been wasted in the last ten years
owing to the want of a clear conception of what
can and what cannot be acoomplished by self-acting
mechanism in the field than would have sufficed

to introduce the reaping machine it:to thousands of
parishes ; and, even at this day. the great obstacle
to their general use lies in the fact, that agricul-
turists require them to do too much, and that the
manufacturers, instead of attempting to simplify,
and consequently to cheapen, are induced to com-
plicate them, in the endeavour to perform impOssi-
bilities. Let farmers be content to cut moderate;v
heavy and tolerably upright corps by simple
machinery, and be willing to bestow upon their
regular staff of labourers a small portion of the profit
arising not only from the cheapening, but also
from the acceleration of their harvest operations,
and they will have io difficulty in getting cut by
hand the fields in which mechanical reapers cannot
operate with advantage.
The advice of your other correspondent that the
ears should be cat off by a subsequent operation,
and dried by blasts of air, is practicable, and may,
I believe, be carried out with great advantage in
our climate.
Another writer says—The following facts may
be of interest to your agricultural readers :
On the three days, August 30, 31, and Septem-
ber 1. expecting the wet weather to continue, I
had 30 acres of wheat reaped and placed under
cover in barns, hovels. cattle and implement sheds,
&c.—in fact in everything that had a roof to it,—
setting each sheaf upright on the ground thus ex-
posing the whole of it to the action of the air.
Each acre of sheaves occupied an area of 400
superficial feet.
The wheat was cut when dry and carried imme-
' di-ttely ; it is now in excellent, order, and my people
commence thrashing it to-morrow.
Had the wet weather continued, the whole
might have been removed in a few days, and
stacked either out of doors or under the same roofs,
making room in the former case for 30 acres, and
in the latter case for at least 20 acres more.
I To show that in the extreme case of the weather
3 not permitting the wheat to be cut dry it might
3 still be saved, I may mention that two waggon-
: loads of sheaves standing in the field throughout
the wet week ending Aug. 25 were carried on that
day in the pouring rain and placed under cover.
They were then soaked throughout, and are now,
Sept. 10, fit to thrash. I had one field of 10 acres
dried in the straw on three kilns in a malthouse,
each of which was 25 feet square, and contained
upwards of an acre of sheaves.

t_OUNLRY MARXEM.