The Sun.
London, England, 1860-04-30 00:00:00

LEAVE OF ABSENCE.

On the motion of Mr. WHITESIDE leave of absence Walt
granted to Sir H. Cairns, on the ground of ill health.

BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE.

Lord PALMERSTON said that he had to appeal to
the house on a matter connected with the despatch of
public business. It was usual for public business not to be
proceeded with until half-past four o'clock; and he would
suggest to the consideration of hon. members that in future
business should be commenced at quarter past four o'clock,
the effect of which would most probably be a saving of a
half an hour in the dispatch of public business. (Laughter.)
Mr. DISRAELI had no objection to the proposed alte-
ration, provided Ministers of the Crown were in their place
at a quarter past four o'clock.
THE FRANCHISE.

Mr. WARNER gave notice that ha would movethat the
franchise should be extended to occupations, but that
persons possessing that qualification should be limited to
the right of voting for only two members.
Mr. E. JAMES gave notice that he would move an alte-
ration in the Reform Bill relative to the rate paying clauses.

DEODORISATION OF THE TIIA]IES.

--0-

The following report on the practicability and
probable efficacy of the plan proposed by the
Metropolitan Board of Works, for deodorising the
sewage of London by means of perchloride of iron,
has been presented to the Improvement Committee
of the City Commission of Sewers, by Dr. Letheby,
their Medical Officer of Health :

To the Hon. Commissioners of Sewers of the City

of London.
Gentlemen,—ln accordance with your instruc-
tions I have considered the question submitted
to me at the last meeting of the board—viz.,
the probable efficacy of the proposed plan for
deodorising the sewage of London by means of
perchloride of iron, and I have the honour to sub-
mit my report thereon.
The question is manifestly of the greatest im-
portance, and it nmst be acknowledged that it is
surrounded with difficulties ; nevertheless it must
be dealt with, for the state of the river during the
last two summers, and the certainty of its becom-
ing as bad as ever during the hot months of the
present year, are matters for serious consideration.
It is true that little or no mischief, as far as we can
discover, has yet been done to the public health ;
but in the face of all experience, it would be rash
indeed to conclude that our present immunity from
disease is sufficient proof of a total absence of dan-
ger, and or the non-necessity for interference.
Who, indeed, can say what little or last condition
may be necessary, or what accident may happen to
call into activity the zymotic powers of disease which
may now only be waiting for their final development ?
For my own part, I have looked with anxiety upon
the subject, and I have watched ith care the state
of the river during the last two years, and the con-
comitant condition of the public health ; for I could
not shut my eyes to the fact that all knowledge de-
rived from antecedents has proved beyond doubt
that cholera and its congeners have shown a special
affinity for those places where putrid miasms are
abundant. There the visitations of epidemic disease
are most frequent, and there they acquire the
strength which enables them to migrate into sur-
rounding districts. As your medical adviser, there-
fore, on matters connected with the public health of
this city, I have considered it to be my duty to direct
your attention again and again to the state of the
river ; and to this end I have kept myself constantly
informed of its chemical condition, and have sought,
by the aid of experiment and observation, to discover
the true cause of the mischief, and to find a remedy
for it.

Not only have I tested in the laboratory the
powers of almost el ery disinfectant that has been
proposed, but I have also visited the principal
towns in England where. processes of deodorisation
are largely carried out, and I am bound to state
that the result of all these inquiries, guided by the
principles of chemistry and hygiene, is not favour-
able to the proposed scheme of the Metropolitan
Board.

The plan which is recommended is to cast into
the sewers during the hot weather a concentrated
solution of perehllide of iron. This is to be used
in the proportion of about six grains to the gallon
of sewage ; and the precipitate which it forms with
the sewage is not to be removed, but is to be allowed
to flow into the Thames with the rest of
the liquor. The result of this will be, not
a prevention of the putrefactive process, but
merely a delaying of it. At the utmost its effects
will last for only about nine days, and then the
putrefactive change will continue in its usual way.
This is not only theresalt of my own experience of
the process, but it is also admitted to be the expe-
rience of Drs. Hofmann and Frankland, who have
advised the beard op the subject ; for they say
" that the suspended matter, even when separated
from the deodorised sewage, rapidly passes, in warm
weather, into a state of active putrefaction." The
same opinion has been again and again expressed
by Dr. Hofmann in respect of the solid matter
which is cast down from sewage by the addition of
lime. He has even gone so far as to say that, on
sanatory grounds, no process of disinfection is per-
fect that does not destroy the organic matter of
sewage, as is the case with chlorideof lime, and the
permanganates of potash and soda.
When chloride of iron is added to sewage, the
u most effect of it will be but to fix a small portion
--about one-third—of the ammonia contained in
sewage, and to precipitate the sulphuretted hyro-
gen as a black and filthy-looking compound. This
precipitate will be rapidly cast down, and will
carry with it the suspended matters of sewage,
lcaYne a clear liquor in which the organic miasms
are untouched; and here it is that chemistry, when
unassisted by pathology, physiology, and hygiene,
is liable to the most serious errors, and may give
rise to a dangerous confidence in her abstract specu-
lations. Doubtless the removal of a filthy odour
like that of sulphuretted hydrogen may in some
degree be an advantage ; but there is not the re-
motest proof that these arc the only or even the prin-
cipal agents which excite disease, and there is no
scientific reason whatever for believing that their
removal is sufficient to interfere with the origin or
spread of epidemic di ease.
But worse yet. Not only is the clear liquor still
charged with ammonia and organic miasms, and so
far is not disinfected, but the bulky precipitate,
which contains all the suspended organic matter,
will soon subside, because of its high specific gra-
vity, and will settle upon the banks of the river,
where it will be left by the receding tide, and where
its disgusting appearance will assuredly excite
alarm ; besides which the putrefactive changed
through which it will pass will render it no less
offensive than the present mud, which Dr. Hofmann
has characterised "by far the most serious evil
which results from the discharge of the London"
sewage into the river."
If the -process recommended to the board had for
its object the separation of suspended matters from
the sewage, and the disposal of the clear clefcecated
liquor, it might perhaps have been applied with
some prospect of success ; for this, in truth, is the
basis of the plans adopted by, the Metropolitan
Board, and now in process of execution. Those
plans are the result of careful inquiry and delibe-
ration ; for when with Messrs. Bidder, Hawksley,
and Bazalgette, I examined the processes which are
already in practice at Leicester and elsewhere for
the defceeation of sewage, I was fully convinead
that. no process of disinfection would be sueeesSful
that did not provide for the final and complete re-
moral of the suspended matters of sewage. The
mere addition of a precipitant, without the separa-
tion of the feculent matter so precipitated, was
abundantly proved by experithent and
observation
to be a wasteful and worthless proceeding,
`Even in the case of the iron solution, 'which is
proposed to the board, it has in every instance most
signally failed as a practical deodoriser. More than
two years ago I made a large number of experi-
ments on the deodorising power of perchloride of
iron, and the results were communicated to you in
'my report on sewage and sewer gases. I found
that it was the least 'effeetiv and at that time
the most expensive of all the' deodorisers known.
I calculated that, if it were used in proper propor ton to check finally and completely the
putrefac-
tion of Sewage, it would cost nearly forty-eight nail-
lions a sear to deodorise the sewage of London.
Sines: that time, the price of the solution has fallen
VI a twelfth part of what it then was ; but its cost
as an effective deodoriser is still enormous. It is
not ten or twenty or forty grains of the solution,
that will have the proper hygienic effect upon the
river; but it must be used in the proportion of hun-
dreds of grains to the gallon, to put a final check
upon the putrefactive process. This I have demon-
strated by actual experiment, and therefore speak
of it with confidence.

Nor do the results of my experiment stand alone,
:as proof of this conclusion ; for your own engineer,
Mr. Haywood, inquired into this matter, at your
request, as far back as the month of March in

_
1848 ; and he reported to you that when Ellerman's
solution was used in the proportion of three gallons
to a cubic yard of night soil, it was not so perfect
'in its deodorising power as five pints of a solution
of chloride of zinc. The solution of perchloride
used by Mr. Haywood was supplied to him by
Mr. El Lerman himself.

Later still the subject was inquired into by Mr.
Hodgson, and reported on to the Metropolitan
Sewers Commission. His report bears the date of
April, 1848; and, like Mr. Haywood, he found
that Ellerztan's solution was but an imperfect deo=
doriser ; in point of fact, he only sought to remove
ammonia and sulphuretted hydrogen, and these
required as much as eleven and a half quarts, or
nearly three gallons of Ellerman's liquid for a cubic
yard of night soil, whereas the fluid of Sir Wm.
Burnett (chloride of zinc) required but one quart.
These and other experiments were so unsatisfac-
tory that the liquid was not used either by the City
or the Metropolitan Commissioners.
Again:—About four years ago, Mr. Davy, the
Professor of Agricultural Chemistry to the Royal
Dublin Society, undertook a series of experiments
for the purpose of ascertaininr, what substances
might be successfully used
as deodorisers of
thnight
soil. The salts of iron were used among oers ,
and he says of sulphate of iron, ';vhicli is the homo-
logue of the perchleride, that its efficacy was but
little superior to that sand.
And lastly, we have the experimental and prac-
tical failure of Mr. Ellerman's plan, under his own
immediate supervision, as the best of all reasons
for concluding that the process is not effective.
Some years ago his deodorising establishment was
at Whitechapel, and although it was in a colony of
nuisances, and sanatory measures were not then
prosecuted with the rigour which they now are, yet
his works were so intolerably offensive, that the

parish authorities were obliged to take proceedings
against him, and his factory was closed. I in-
spected it at that time for the parish, for these was
thEn no local Board of Health, and my conclusions
were that his process was a signal failure, and was
wholly inoperative as a sanatory scheme. I will
not venture to pursue its history further, except to
say, that for more than a dozen years it has been a
profitless and useless speculation. Nay more :—the
salts of iron, in one form or another, have been be-
fore the public as possible deodorisers for nearly 100
years, and yet, as far as I know, with singular want
of success. In 1762, the salts of lead and iron were
recommended as antiseptics by De Boissieu, and
from that time to this they have been the subjects
of numerous patents ; the last of them all was the
patent of Brown, and its modification by Ellerman,
in 1847 ; but where, I would ask, with all this his-
torical prestige, is there the slightest proof of its
practical utility, or even of his theoretical capa-
bilities ? This is by no means an unimportant
question, when we consider that the adoption of
this scheme is not only for the sake of the public
health, but also at the cost of a large sum of public
money.
I refrain from entering more deeply into the sub-
ject, for the reference to me merely requires that I
should express my opinion of the proposed scheme.
It is, therefore, sufficient for me to say that, as far
as my knowledge and experience and experiments
have gone, I am led to the conclusion that the use
of perchloride of iron as a disinfectant of sew-
age, and a purifier of the Thames, will be a serious
failure, unless indeed means are taken for the sepa-
ration of the solid matter from the sewage, and the
disposal of the clear liquid alone.
You will perceive by the tables in the appendix
what kind of matter there is in the sewage, and
how much of it is to be dealt with ; and I may here
remark that under ordinary circumstances, when
the down-flow of fresh water in the river is suffi-
cient to dilute the sewage, and to keep back the
oceanic wave from the sea, little or no inconvenience
is occasioned by it ; for so rapid is the oxydising
power of atmospheric air and water, that the de-
composing products are quickly hurried through
their phases of putrefaction; but in summer time,
when evaporation is great and there is a scarcity of
fresh water, whoa the sewage becomes more abun-
dant, and the sea water advances to meet it, then it
is that putrefactive decomposition sets in and the
river becomes offensive. At the present time the
total quantity of solid matter in the Thames at
London-bridge is not more than 25 grains in the
gallon, and of this only about three grains are or-
ganic. These are the proportions of its constituents
throughout the whole of the winter season, and up
to nearly the end of May; but at that time the fall-
ing off in the supply of fresh water begins to be
felt, and soon the proportion of saline matter
amounts to upwards of a hundred grains in the
gallon, and the quantity of organic to about ten.
At this stage of saturation, with a high tempera-
ture, putridity begins ; and as the summer ad-
vances, and the proportions increase to upwards of
300 of salt and nearly 20 of organic matter, the de-
composition is most active. iro guard, therefore,
against these changes, it is not enough to check the
putrefaction of the sewage with a few graics of per-
chloride of iron, but provision must be made for the
hindrance of that decomposition whic'h will as-
suredly occur with the organic matter that is
already pickled as it were in the sea water, and
which soon becomes tainted by the decomposing
sewage. This it was which added to the putridity
of the river during the last summer, and which
maintained it in its offensive condition, notwith-
standing the use of nearly 500 tons of chloride of
lime, and upwards of 4,000 tons of the caustic al-
kali. The mistake then was, as I fear it hereafter
will be, that the suspended matters of the sewage
were not retained, but that the precipitate formed
with the disinfectant was allowed to flow on into
the river, and so to become a dangerous nuisance ;
and let me add, that whatever opinion may be
formed of the necessity for adopting some tempo-
rary expedient as a palliative of the stinking con-
dition of the river, it is surely not necessary to re-
sort to chemical artifice for that which is no other
than an elaborate disguise of an unremoved nui-
sance.

I have the honour, Gentlemen,
To remain your obedient servant,
Guildhall, April 20, 1860, 11Y. LETHEBY.

TIE ATTEMPTED INSURRE;;TION
IN SPAIN.

A letter from Madrid, dated April 22, says :
"iWhat will they do with them ?" is the question
which rings through Madrid since yesterday. I
need not tell you it refers to the recent capture,
generally considered most embarrassing to the
;Spanish Government. On receipt of the intelligence
the Ministers met in council, but could come to no
decision as to the course to be adopted, and agreed
to refer the matter to O'Donnell. It might be
thought he had enough upon his shoulders already,
without this fresh load. It is not unlikely that this
new complication will bring him soon to Madrid.
Many think he will be here before the week is
out. I hear that the Queen is, as her countenance
yesterday betokened, much chagrined at the cap-
ture of her cousins. Within the last few days she
expressed to persons about her a strong 'wish that
they might escape. She could never, she is known
to have said, sanction a stntcnec of death on her
own near relatives. It appears to many that she
has been ill served in this affair, and that the
Plinees should have been suffered to escape. Some
of to-day's newspapers seem inclined to boast of the
capture, since it is a proof that the Cir'overnment
Was not, as had been insinuated, more disposed
to favour their flight than to effect their apprehen-
sion. Supposing such connivance to have existed,
I cannot see that it should form subject ofreproach.
Montemolin and his brother would have been much
less burdensome to this Government if at large in
Naples or England than they now are as prisoners
at Tortosa. There are only three things that can be
done to them—shoot, imprison, or pardon. Of
the first I cannot think that there is the
least probability, It may •be clamoured for
by a party, and alrea-iy some of the Radi-
cal papers ask whether there is to be distinction
of persons, or whether equal justice is to be dealt
out ; they recall the fact that Charles and Ferdinand
-Bourbon have long since been degraded from all
their honours and dignities, and declared rebels,
and they hint that if they are spared injustice has
been done to Ortega, Carrion, and the two others
who have suffered. Such arguments, however, will
hardly suffice to drive the Government to an ex-
treme measnre which would cast much odium upon
it, and to which, moreover, it is probable the Queen
could never be brought to consent. Then conics the
alternative of imprisonment. Are the princes to be
shut up in a fortress, as Louis Napoleon was at
Ham, until death, escape, or some extraordinary
turn of Fortune's wheel shall release them P This
course has its disadvantages. In Spain, however
closely walled in and guarded, they would be more
present to the mind's eye of the Spanish nation
than in foreign exile; they would be a mark for
sympathy, a banner of an unfortunate cause. The
plan of imprisoning them—whether in Spain or in
one of her colonies—is met with objections many
by the supporters of the Queen's Government. The
third course then remains—pardon and expulsion
from Spain • and for this I suspect that many ad-
vocates will be found, and that more would be but
for the apprehension that such clemency would
be made an Opposition arm and would occasion
trouble to the Government, " Let the prise • nerS
be tried," I have heard it said ; "
they will cer-
tainly be condemned, and in all probability to
death ; let them then be pardoned, conducted to
the frontier, and dismissed as persons from` whom
there is nothing to fear.eontemptuous mercy
would go far to destroy the Such
arelittlethe prestigeia thathears
oTnhe
re-
mains to them.", iSuch
mooted for adoption by the Government.
O'Donnell ere are
disadvantages in all. We shall see if
strikes out something original, and presenting Ie
grounds for objection than any of the above
three.s
It is not yet known 'whether the prisoners will be
tried by a civil or a military tribunal—by a Judge
of First Instance, or by a court-martial of
mcaiplittaairnys
such as that which condemned Ortega. They were
taken by gendarmes (guardias civiles), a
force, and should therefore, it is said, be brought
before a military court, unless it appears that the
gendarmes were acting under the orders of an
alcalde or other civil authority. These and other
points will doubtless shortly be cleared up.
Uldecona, where Montemolin and his brother were
taken, is, as you may see by the map, at a very
short distance from the place at which they landed
from Palma. It is said that the Princes, when
they fled before the indignant countenances of
Ortega's deluded battalions, went at once to Ulce-
cona, and remained there until captured, changing
their abode from one house to another, and having
adherents on the watch against surprise. So far
as we aro yet informed, there was nothing very
romantic or remarkable in the circumstances attend-
ing their apprehension. They were found dressed,
at two in the morning, in the topmost room of
a mean house, and they at once submitted to the
gendarmes. After taking chocolate in the house of
one of the local authorities, they were packed off
to Tortosa in carts. An English merchant steamer
had been cruising, it is said, since early on the
morning of the previous day off that part of the
coast, but made off when the Colon man-of-war
would have spoken her. It is supposed that she
was there to take away the fugitives, and some
imagine that it was her suspicious appearance and
manoeuvres that put the authorities on the alert,
and gave them a clue to the whereabouts of Monte•
molin. On the other hand, there are persons who
doubt whether any such clue was required; in other

words, they think the authorities had a very fair '
idea of where they could lay' their hands upon the
brothers, and that if these were taken it was rather
owing to the supineness and mismanagement of
themselves and their friends than to lack of oppor-
tunities afforded them for getting away. These
are, of course, all on dits and suppositions, but it
certainly seems rather strange that the fugitives
and their friends and harbourers did not better
profit by the blindness (wilful or otherwise) which
allowed them to remain so many days unmolested
in one place. One would have thought that the
respite might have been profited by either to seek
safer hiding or to get away in some cunning dis-
guise. But probably the steamer was waited for,
and the delay proved destruction.
We have some particulars of Ortega's death. He
seems to have met it bravely, himself giving the
words " Make ready" and " Present," and then
commencing to recite the creed, which was quickly
cut short by the volley. His death was instanta-
neous. Well merited though it was, it has excited
considerable sensation and some sympathy in Ma-
drid. Here there are always plenty of people ready
to make of anything a weapon of offence against
the Government. If Ortega had been spared the
very persons who now talk of undue severity, blood-
thirstiness, &c., would have pointed a scornful
finger, sneered at the weakness of the Cabinet, and
hinted favouritism and, perhaps, foreign influence,
and would have said that, since Ortega was let off,
Carrion and the two others had been murdered.
It is the old story of the countryman and his jack-
ass. Drive the beast as you will, sling it or carry
it, you will still be found fault with. The struggle
here is ever for place ; patriotism is much talked
of but little known, and is set down for the most
part as an unprofitable virtue, and any arm is good
enough to damage a political opponent.
Nobody doubts that the Carlist plot had very ex-
tensive ramifications, and, up to yesterday, some
thought that, notwithstanding the recent miscar-
riage, another attempt would, perhaps, shortly be
made, and resources displayed the existence of
which had not been betrayed by Ortega's failure
and the insignificant outbreaks that followed it.
If anything of the kind was contemplated, it is
presumable that the capture of the two prisoners
will check it. On the other hand, surprise has
been expressed at the small number of the arrests
that have been made. Either, it is said, the
Government is extremely ill-informed or it is
remiss in its duty. The fact, doubtless, is, that
the Government has a moral certainty in nume-
rous cases, but no proofs. The chiefs having been
taken, subordinates are comparatively unimportant,
and there is little profit in arresting a host of per-
sons to let them loose afterwards for want of evi-
dence. The baffled conspiracy has had one good
result to set off against the trouble and annoyance
it has caused, and the still greater difficulties likely
to spring from the capture of the pretender. It has
shown the spirit of the army to be good, and that
the troops are not, as in former days, to be led away
by the first general who chooses to " pronounce" (no
matter for whom or what) and promise promotion
to the officers and abridgment of service to the men.
" Viva la Rebut! Viva the union of the army 1"
shouted Cel. Rodrigue z Vera, when Ortega's pallor
and faltering showed him that treason was meant.
And the soldiers responded to the cry and sent bul-
lets after the traitor. Ortega lacked decision and
audacity for the part he aspired to play. When a
colonel stepped forward and presumed to question
him, saying that the division wished to know
whither it was being led, Ortega's game was quite
clear. He should have run his questioner through
the body, or have denounced him as mutinous, and
called upon the officers to arrest him. Such bold-
ness could hardly have failed of its effect, for the
troops would have inferred from it that Ortega felt
himself in the right, and was sure of support, and
this, combined with the habit of discipline and the
prestige of his rank, would have awed them into
obedience. Such a course would probably have
saved Ortega's life, by gaining time for him to
reach the frontier. As regards the good and loyal
spirit of the army, .O'Donnell is well convinced of
it, so much so that, as he lately wrote from Africa,
the news of the Carlist attempt gave him not the
slightest uneasiness.

ARRIVAL OF TWO AUSTRALIAN LINERS
AND LARGE IMPORT OF GOLD.

LIVERPOOL, APRIL 28.
This morning, Messrs. James Baines and Co , the
owners of the Black Ball Line of Australian
Packets, received telegrams announcing that two of
their Australian fleet—the Ocean Chief and the
Lightning—had arrived, the former at Queens-
town, after a passage of 93 days, and the
Lightning, off Minn Head, South Coast of
Ireland, in 77 days, both from Melbourne.
The Ocean Caief had on board the follow-
ing saloon passengers :—Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Under-
wood, Mr. J. P. Jamieson, Lieut.: Cooke, and
Messrs. Chas. Black, Harvey, Stanwick, and Dr.
Thorpe, and 155 in the steerage, She had also
32,281 ounces and 6 dwts. of gold, of the value of
£129,128, consigned as follows :—English, Scottish,
and Australian Chartered Bank, 11,294 oz. 3 dwt. ;
Bank of AUstralasia, 10,109 oz. 10 dwt.; Bank of
New South Wales, 5,000 oz. ; Oriental Bank Cor-
poration, 4,085 oz. 18 dwt.; Messrs. Banked
Brothers and Henderson, 1,701 oz. 15 dwt. and
small shipments 90 oz. The Ocean Chief had also
the following cargo on board :-1,386 bales of wool,
2 bags of wool, 3,828 bags South Australian copper
ore, 305 kegs of nails, 1 bale of candle-wick, cases
of miscellaneous goods, and 1 trunk of boots. She
is commanded by Capt. Wm. Brown, and has con-
siderably outstripped her metropolitan competitors.
The Lightning, commanded by Capt. Clarke, has
made a more rapid passage, sighting the Irish coast
in 76 days from Melbourne. She has on board the
following saloon passengers :—Mr. and Mrs. James
Mason, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Warnock and infant,
Rev. Mr. add Mrs. Thomas, captain, Mr. and Mrs.
Buckle, Mrs. Drummond and infant, and Miss
Drummond, Messrs. W. Austin, J. G. Cameron,
Spraight, and S. Samuel; and 185 in the
second cabin. She had also on board 13,479 oz. 17
dwt. of gold, of the value of £53,924, to the follow-
ing consignments :—Bank of Australia, 5,534 oz. 19
dwt. ; English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered
Bank, 5,292 oz. 11 dwt. ; Oriental Bank Corpora-
tion, 2,765 oz. 11 dwt.; and small shipments, 66 oz.
and 14 dwt., in addition to the following cargo :-
2,455 bales of wool, 48 bales of sheep skins, 4 bales
8 hhds. of felt, 38 bales of leather, 6 bales pieces, 14
bales of rags, 5 bales of bags and blankets, 4 crates
(10 tons) zinc, a quantity of loose scrap iron, 128
kegs of nails, and 280 tons of Australian ore.
The Wool by this arrival will arrive in good time
for the colonial wool sales, commencing in London
on the 3d of May.
The following vessels sailed before the Lightning :
—The Oreyhound, White Star line, out 102
days, with 5,000 ounces of gold (X 40,000), and
2,350 bales of wool, for Liverpool ; Moravian, 101
days, for London, no gold, 2,367 bales of wool;
Isca, 99 days, for London, 225 bales of wool
Monarch, 96 days, for London, 29,452 ounces of
gold (£1l8,808), and 1,823 bales of wool ; Norwood,
for London, 96 days, 9,645 ounces of gold (£38,580),
and 3,253 bales of wool ; and the Montmorency, 92
days, Black Ball line, for London, with 9,047 ounces
of gold (X 36,188), and 1,091 bales of wool.