The Sun.
London, England, 1856-07-30 00:00:00

INCREASE OF POPULATION.

As the number of births was 173,264, and the number of
deaths 100,310, the natural increase of the, population of
England was 72,891 in the three months of April, May,
and June ; so 1,903 lives were added, 1,102 were taken
away, daily; leaving 801 as the daily increase. But in the
same three months 60,379 emigrants left the ports of the
united kingdom at which Goveznment agents are stationed;
and of that number about 21,304 were of English origin.
England, exclusive of Scotland and Ireland, sent about
234 emigrants daily over the seas to Australia, to the
United States, and to the North American colonies. Of
the immigrants who enter England from Scotland, Ireland,
and other parts no statistical records are kept. •
The emigration from the ports of the united kingdom is
less by nearly 6,000 than the emigration (66,111) in the
spring quarter of 1855, and is less than half the average
emigration (113,141) of the corresponding quarters of the
eight years 1817-54.,
THE PRICE OF PROVISIONS, AND THE WEATHER.
The prices of some of the principal articles of food are
shown below, with a view of determining the effect of their
variations on the births, deaths, and marriages.
During the last three months wheat was sold, on an
average, at the rate of 68s Sd per quarter; York regent
potatoes, at 80s per ton, at the waterside market, South-
wark ; bsef at sid per Ib, mutton at bid per lb, in the
Leadenhall and Newgate-markets. The price of wheat in
the corresponding three months of 1854, 1855, and 1856
declined from 78s 4d to 68, 83, or nearly 10s per quarter.
Potatoes fell from 155, to 80s per ton; beef fell only from
5d to 51,1 per lb. Mutton, on •the other hand, rose from
sid to sjd perlb. Upon the whole, the prices of articles'of
most extensive consumption as food declined.
The value of the public securities rose.

The mean temperature at Greenwich was 52°3, the fall
of rain 7.4.

STATE OF TUE PUBLIC HEALTH.

The deaths in the , three spring months were 100,310 ;
and the annual mortality was at the, rate of 2'117 per cent.,
or nearly 21 in 1,000, the average annual rate of the sea-
son being nearly 23 in 1,000. The mortality has beon dur-
ing the whole of the half-year ranch below the average
rate.

The mortality in the spring quarter among the people
living in the districts and the sub-districts comprising the
chief towns of England was at tbe annual rate of 23.85
(nearly 24) per 1,000. The mortality of the rest of the
people in the small towns and in the country parishes was
at the annual rate of 18.78 (nearly 19) per 1,000. The rate
of mortality is in both classes of districts below the aver-
age, but the reduction of the rate is less considerable in the
town than in the country populations.
The changes in the diseases and the low mortality that
has reigned in London have been noticed in the weekly
tables. The salutary effects of the improved water supply
and of other sanitary measures in Bermondsey are pointed
out by one of the registrars. As similar improvements in
Lambeth and other districts are referable to the same
causes, the whole of the results can be collected and dis-
cussed most conveniently together when a greater number
of facts has accumulated.
The deaths (8,158) in the south-eastern counties are
below the average number, and nearly a thousand less than
the deaths in the spring quarter of tha previous year. In
Kent the deaths slightly exceeded the average; in Surrey,
Sussex, Hants, and Berke the decrease was well marked.
Scarlatina and measles prevailed in some districts of Kent;
at Faversham malignant scarlatina, prevailed through the
whole quarter, and the deaths were nearly doubled. The
registrar of Newport, in the Isle of Wight, states that he
has registered four deaths from smallpox in the Parkhurst
barracks. In the Isle of Wight generally, in the New
Forest, and in some other districts of the division, the
mortality has been at as low a rate as 16 in 1,000.
The south midland counties were generally in a healthy
state; the deaths in the quarter were 6,270. In Oxford
shire, Northamptonshire, and Huntingdonshire the mor-
tality was nearly at the average rate ; in Buckinghamshire
and in Cambridgeshire the rate of mortality was much
below the ivei:age. Smallpox was very prevalent in
Northampton, and the deaths from all causes were 265 ;
so the mortality was at the annual rate of nearly 35 in
1,000. At Cambridge the deaths during the last three
spring quarters were 155, 150, and 101. The register of
St. Andrew's, Cambridge, says—
" The decrease in the deaths compared with those of
the same quarter in 1855 speaks well for the healthy con-
dition of this district, and may in some measure be ac-
counted for by the introduction of a large and constant
supply of water last autumn in pipes from a distance of
two or three miles, which will not only be the means of
great comfort and convenience to the inhabitants, but will
also materially assist in cleansing the town. Scarlatina
appears to be the most prominent, if not the only, disease
among children."

The beneficial effects of a constant supply of pure water
on the health of th• town populations become every day
more apparent.

The deaths in the eastern counties were 5,758, while the
numbers in the previous spring quarter were 6,194. The
mortality was low in Norwich. Scarlatina in a severe
form prevailed in Epping, Great Warley, Bradwoll, Hemp-
stead (parish), South Walsham, and Millington. The
fishermen in King's Lynn North refuse generally to have
their children vaccinated, and 10 died of small-pox.
The southwestern counties lost 8,516 of the inhabitants
by death ; but the mortality was low in every county, and
the deaths were 1,177 less than the deaths in the spring
quarter of 1855. At Trowbridge, in Wilts, it is gratifying
to find that many families have removed with the best
effect from unhealthy yards to healthy cottages, with small
gardens attached, in the outskirts of the town. the im-
provement of the houses is sure to be followed by the lie-
provement of the inhabitants. The pernicious effects of
the night soil, which is still left under the houses in our
towns, have been fatally proved in Poole, where three men
died from descending in the vaults. The registrar remarks
—" If the machine with hose had been used this sad re-
sult, which has rendered seven children fatherless and three
wives widows, could not have occurred."
In proceeding northwards the diminution in the morta-

lity of the divisions is less considerable. In Staffordshire
the deaths (4,081) are rather more numerous than the
deaths in the provious spring quarter, but in the other
counties of the west midland division the deaths exhibit a
decrease. 1,133 deaths were recorded in the Birmingham
district. Smallpox, scarlatina, and measles prevailed in
some districts.

In the north midland counties 6,290 deaths were regis-
tered. In Lincolnshire a remarkable decreased is observed
in the deaths, which were 2,057, 2,251, and 1,714 in the
three last spring quarters.
The deaths in the north-western division were 16,038--
namely, 2,318 in Cheshire, and 13,770 in Lancashire. The
numbers are a little below the average. Liverpool and
West Derby exhibit a gratifying decrease in the mortality;
the deaths in the two districts were 2,799 to a population
of 411,515 in 1851. The registrar of the West Derby sub-
district makes the following remarks ;
"My district during the whole of the quarter has been
in a more healthy state than at any former period ; so much
so that during the week ending Saturday,the 24th of May,
there were only three deaths in the whole sub-district,
which, at the census of 1851, contained 33,013 inhabitants,
and there will he an increase on that number of at least
5,000 since that time. The township of West Derby has
always been noted as the most healthy locality in the vici-
nity of Liverpool, and this usually favourable state of the
district is further improved by the excellent system of
draining, flowering, and cleansing the streets that has been
adopted. The births have for some time past been double
the number of the deaths, owing to the healthy state of
district and the increased population."

Sanitary measures in Liverpool will, we may hope, hence-
forward reduce the high mortality which has reigned there,