The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-26 00:00:00

20,131)

31 0 N• T B L A NC
TO-NIGHT AT EIGHT.

MR. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES,
with New Costumes and ♦ rious Novelties, 'neat and Cha-
racteristic, T -111GI1T, and every evening (Saturday excepted) at
Eight A 110 VING PERFORM ANC Fl on SA FURD NTS, at Three.
Private Boxes and Stalls may be secured, without extra charge, at
the Box-Mice, Polygraphic-hall, King William•street, Charing-cross.

RUSSIA--Its PALACES and its PEOPLE.—
GREAT GLOBE, Leicester-square.—A new and magnificent
D tOKAM I, in forty Immense Tableaux, of RUSSIAN SCENERY,
with novel scenic erects ,and the sites And scenes of the memorable
events of the late Campaicn. The Ural Mountains, Nipti Novog rod
during the fair. Panorama of St. Petersburg and Moscow, Corona-
tion of the Czar in the gland Cathedral of th Assumption. Ex-
planatory Lectures at three and eight. Admission to the whole
building, Is.

ROOMS.-LA untENrs CASIN-,
Great Windmill-street, St. James's.—The above elegan
ooms are now open every evening tot the winter season, with
• aurent's celebrated Orchestra. Principal Cornet-a-piston, M.
roulcourt. The Proprietor begs to inform the public that this
fashionable place of resort ha- been entirely redecorated during the
ecess. Doors open at half-past eight, commence at nine. Admis-
on One Shilling.

IR. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM,
4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square.—Open (for Gentlemen
nly) from 10 till 10, containing upw rds of one thousand models
and preparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in
lealth and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12,
4, and half-past 7. by Dr. G. SEXTON, F.R.G.S. ; and a new and
Lilly-interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery
y Sr. KAuN, at a quarter pot 8p m. precisely. admission, One
h lung. Catalogues containing Lectures as delivered by Dr. Khan
(gratis).

PUWOATIONS.

MR. JEAFFRESON'S NEW NOVEL.
Now ready at all the libraries, in 3 vole.,

GENERAL TOM THUMB has arrived. This
American Man in Miniature, undoubtedly the'smallest in the
wor d —intelligent, sprightly, educated, perfectly sl it-metrical in all
his proportions, and graceful beyond belief, will hold THREE
PUBLIC LEVEES each day, for a short ti ,e only, at the REGENT
GALLERY, Quadrant, Regent street, commencing THIS DAY,
26th December. He will appear in a great variety of NEW CHA-
RACTERS and COSTUMES, SONGS, DANCES. GRECIAN
S fATUES, His MINIA lIRE : QUIPAGE will promenade
the streets daily.

ISABEL ; the Young Wife and the Old Love.
By the uthor of "Crewe Rise," &c.
Isabel' h a novel in which the author maintains the good posi-
tion his first work obtained for him."—Examiner.
" 'the present work, we are satisfied, will keep up the popularity
of fir. Jeaffreson's pen. It abounds in clever sketches of society."
John Bull.
"An excellent novel."—Observer.
Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

This day is published, in smell octavo,

JFSSIE CAMERON : A Highland Story,
By LADY R &EITEL UUTL R.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

Early in January will be published, in Svo.,

The General was honoured with the patronage of her Majesty and
he elite of fashion in 184

PARTICULAR arms. —Ladies and families who can conveniently
atten,l the early morning Levees ;from II till I o'clock) will incur
much less inconvenience from the crowd than by visiting the later
Levees.

Hours Exhibition—from II till 1; 3 till 5 ; and 7 till 10 o'clock,
Admi .sion Is., without regard to age. Reserved Stalls, 2s. ; Children,
Is. ; Drawing•room seats, 3s. ; chiLtren, sB. 6d.

NAPOLEON THE THIRD ; A Review of his
Life, Char,cter. and Policy ; With Extracts from is Writings
and Speeches, and Reference to Contemporary Opinions. By a
BRITISH OFFICER
London : Longman, Brown, Green, Longman., and Roberts.

Now ready, in 16m0.. with Vignette by D. Macliso. R.A., price ss.
cloth, or 12s. 6d. hound in morocco by Hayday,
MOORE'S EPICUREAN. New Edition, with
a Preface, and the, Notes from the Collective Edition of
Moore's PoeticAl Works ; printed uniformly with
Moore's T.slta Roekh .. 16mo ss. cloth ; morocco, 12s. 6d.
Moore's Irish Melodies..
Moore's Songs, Ballads, and Sacred
Songs • • • • • • •
London: Longman, Brown, nre,n, Longmans, and Roberts.

F RASER'S MAGAZ
1857, price 2s.
The Interpreter : a Tale of the
War. By G. J. Whyte Mel-
ville, Author of" DigbyGrand,"
Ste.' Part I.
Tuscan rroverbs.
Ticket of Leave.
Trip to Scotland.
Cornelius Agrippa and the Alche-

AWIDOW LADY, thoroughly acquainted
with the routine of Housekeeping, is desirous of an ngage-
ment as D ,mestic Companion to an el lerly or invalid Lady or Gen-
tleman or Widower with young children, where one or m re servants
are kept. A comfortable home the chief con•ideratien. Unexcep-
tionable references given.—Address C. G., :Wl's. Powell's, 4, Trinity-
street. Blackheath-hill.

THE LIVERPOOL and LONDON FIRE
and LIFE INSI RANCE COMPANY,
37, Castle.street, Liverpool; 20 and 21, Poultry, London.
1855.
1880.
£146,096 . • . Fire Premiums ...... •• £186,271
10,269 • New Life Premiums
57,979 . Total I ife Premiums • • 63,909
13,7 I 3 .... Received for Annuities .... 12,7.58
10,763.......• • • Paid Annuitants...—. .• .. 11,3%
Annuities immediate or deferred.
Persons whose Fire Policies with this Company expire at Christ.
mas are reminded that receipts for the I enewal of the same will he
found at the Offices of the I ompany in Liverpool, London, and Man
cheater, and in the hands of the agent.
,WIN ON BOULT, Secretary to the Company.
BENJ. HENDERSON, Res Sec., London. '

TO HOLDERS OF POLICIES IN THE
EQUITABLE LIFE ON`ICE.

BONUS SECURED. vy
Those per ons who will be entitled to Bonus Additions to their
Policies. if they survive the 31st December, 18,9, are informed that
such addition may be secured at the HAND-IN-HAND LIFE
OFFICE, upon most favourable terms, which may be ascertained
upon application to the Actuary.
P,,rtirs wishing to avail themselves of this arrangement are
respectfully requested to signify the same without delay, in order that
the requisite number may be obtained and the scheme adopted forth-
with.

INE for JANUARY,
pd., contains
%errnons and sermonisers.

Sketches and Studies from Bel

glum.--Beiges from the Belfry
Tower.

The King of Denmark's t ide.
Translated from the original
Danish by the Hon. Mrs. Nor-

mists. - • - - -------
A Visit to a Model Farm in Asia

Minor.
Archbishop Whately en Bacon.
The Last Salmon before Close
Time.

London : John W. Parke

11 R. HOWARD, surgeon-Dentist 52, Fleet-
street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI-
!MAL TEETH , fixed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so
erfectly resemble the maw's] teeth as not to be distinguished from
he original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or
ecay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used.
his method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful
peration, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is
uaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth
:endured sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At
me from ten till Ave,

/.

t/
f. I " r
•..r t s it . fr,"

LIVERPOOL REVISION, ar TAXATION.

The following is the address of the President and
Council of the Liverpool Financial Reform Asso-
ciation upon this subject :
" To THE MIDDLE, COMMERCIAL, MANUFACTURING, AND
INDUSTRIAL CLASSES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.

" Fellow•Countrymsn,—As President and Council of
the Liverpool Financial Reform Association, we deem it
both a privilege and a duty to address a few words to you
in reference to the efforts you are now making for the im-
mediate reduction of the income and property tax, and iti
total abolition at the period now fixed by law. We do so
because, entirely concurring with you on some points,
there are others on which we differ widely, and in which,
as we conceive, your true interests and those of our com-
mon country are deeply involved.
"Permit us to explain to you where and why we differ,
and on what points we are agreed.
" We agiee with you that the quibble under which her
Majesty's Chancellor of the Exchequer seeks to justify the

retention of tbo extra 9d., imposed for war purposes, under
the ezpresa stipulation that it was to cease within a certain
period after the signing of a treaty of peace, for a full year
after the time prescribed, is one worthy only of a pettifog-
ging attorney who had been struck off the rolls for chi-
calory and dishonest practices.
" We agree with you that it is most unfair to tax pre-
carious and transitory incomes at precisely the same rate as
incomes derived from property which descends from gene-

ration to generation.
" We agree with you that the evils incident to the tax as
at present levied are frequently much agg,rairated. by the
arbitrary and oppressive conduct of persons connected with
its assessment and collection.

"On these points her Majesty's Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer agreed both with you and us when, in the course
of last session, he moved and carried the previous ques-
tion' against the motion of Mr. Muntz, substantially on
three strange pleas, which rise progressively in absurdity—
the first that the law is too bad to be mended ; the seocnd,

ton
A Staff Officer on the War in the
Crimea.
The Tea-Table. An unpublished
Poem. By Hartley Coleridge.
The triumph of Barbarism. By
a New Yorker.
r and ion, West Strand.

that it is hardly worth while to incur the trouble of at-
tempting to mend it, the tax being only temporary ; and
the third, that the injustice of the tax is, in some degree,
remedied by extensive evasions. You can determine for
yourselves which of these excuses for a palpable neglect of
duty on the part of Government exhibits most, or least, of
statesmanship ; but, as to the last, we think it eminently
characteristic of a Ministry all the members of which, with
one single exception, evaded payment of a stamp duty of
about 200/. each, by neglecting to take out their patents of
office until (the attention of Parliament having been called
to the circumstance in the interim) they found that they
were legally and constitutionally bound to do so.
"In addition to the grievances enumerated there is
another, not less serious, to which, as far as we are aware,
scarcely any reference has been made at any of the public
meetings you have held. We allude to the partiality shown
to the agricultural classes, not for the benefit of the fanners,
as some of them most unwisely suppose it is, but for that ef
landlords, who, in their capacity as legislators, framed the
law with a lively appreheusion that any favour shown to
their tenants in the matter of taxes must operate bene-
ficially on rents. It has been assumed that a fair and uni-
versal gauge of the profits ef the tenant-farmer is just half
his i ent, without any reference to the fact thst in the case
of renewable leases, the nominal rent may be low in con-
sideration of the payment of periodical fines on renewals.
Now, we know no good reason why the farmer should not
be required to pay on his actual profits, just like the rest
of the community.

The Third Edition. Just rublished, price 55., by post, free, ss. 6d
ON TRUE le FALSE SPERMATORRMEA,
with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary frona the
'teal Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread
Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure.

~~~

free trade. From that experience you may f9rm some faint
idea of those which would flow from the total disenthral-
ment of commerce and manufactures. Do y9a need any
other proof than your own experience? If you do, here it

is
" Less than 40 years age there was a village in the East,
with a few scattered huts on the water side, the inhabit-
ants of which were half fishermen and whole pirates. This
wretched village is now the flourishing pat of Singapore,
which enjoys a trade of ten millions annually, and contri-
butes largely to the Indian revenue. What is the secret of
this wonderful metamorphosis ? Simply the fact that, at
Singapore, there are no import or export duties—no taxes
on shipping. Who can calculate the immense development
of the national resources which would certainly be pro-
ducedif the same sound principles were extended to Bri-
tish industry, commerce, and manufactures ? Nobody can
make such a calculation beforehand, but everybody who
thinks must see that the demonstration can only be
brought about by means of direct taxation.
" Fellow-countrymen,--Having now told you frankly in
what you err, according to our convictions, and having
pointed out the course whioh, in our belief, you ought to
pursue, and will pursue if you have any real and enlight-
ened regard for your own true interests and those of the
nation, we have discharged our duty. It is for you to
perform yours. We make no apology for doing that which
has been dictated alike by conscience and patriotism, but
shall, in conclusion, content ourselves with adjuring you
to consider well what you are about, and to pause long
before you determine on playing out the game of the ene-
mies of all progress, who seek their own advantage, and
that of paiticular classes only, at the cost of all the rest of
the community.
" In a second address we may point out more distinctly
the evils and injustice of the present system, and also sug-
gest a scheme of taxation which shall be most productive
to the revenue, at the smallest cost of collection, just to-
wards all classes, and, at the same time, press least inju- '
riously on the springs of commerce, industry, and manu-
factures.

"By order of the Council,
"ROBERTSON GLADSTONE, President.
" Financial Reform Association, 6, York-buildings,
Dale-street, Liverpool, Dec., 1856."

ORRISTMAS-DAY IN TEE WORKHOUSES.

~~_

Translated from he German of Dr. PICRFORD.
"Dr. Pickford 's known to Englisb readers by his frequent practi-
al contributipm to German medical literature. This is the first
time, he informs as, that he has addressed himself to the nos-medi-
cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall 'etect any
)they equally flagrant evil which it may be in his pmver to cor-
rect.”—London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of ' Quiet Sympathisers,'
And ' Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed ; and if this book
could find its way into the hands of those whe gaffer trom the com-
plaint of which It treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds would
he saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of
:ass importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize—
isuch money...... This volume is well qualified to put an end to the
empirical system of treating Spermatorrheea, and to place the treat-
ment upon a more rational and obriolnirleal basis. It is, therefore,
likely to do much good."—Medical Circular.
ronrlnn • TI Ralitere. .2114. Recent-acre ',

Yesterday the poor inmates of the metropolilan and
suburban workhouses and unions were regaled with the
usual Christmas fare. Gratifying as it may be to the rate.
payers of the metropolis to knt,w that the recipients of
their bounty are not forgotten at ibis festive season, it

PURSUANT to an Order of the High Court of
Chancery, made in a cause, Sarah Stanton against Henry
Muggeridge, James Allberry, and Henry whtuan Toesd dr., the
Creditors of John toms 'Stanton, late of 'o.irlan 1 Grove, Larkhall-
lane, stockwell, in the county of -11 rey, Tea Dealer, who diet in or
about the month of-Tune, 1856, are, by their solicitors, on or before
the 31st day of January, 1857, to come in and prove their debts at the
Chambers of the Vice-Chancellor Sir Richard Torin Kindersley, at
no. 3, Stone-buildings, Ltncol'i's-inn, Middlesex ; or, in default
thereof, they will be peremptorily excluded from the benefit of the
said Order.

Monday, the semnd day of February, 1857, at 12 o'clock at noon,
at the said Chambers, is appointed for hearing and adjudicating upon
the Claims.

Dated this 9th day of December, 1856.
CHAS PUGH, Chief Clerk.
WILLIAM HENRY GREEN, 20, Moorgate-street,
Plaint'ff's Solicitor.

COMMERCIAL BANK of LONDON,
Lothbury, and 6, Renrietta-street, Covent-garden.
Subscribed C4,4tal, 1,500,0001.
Paid uo Capital, 300,0001.
Guarantee Fund, 71,0001.
DIRECTORS.
MARK 1717NTER, Esq., Chairman.
JOHN SAVAGE, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
Charles Butler, Esq. Jonathan Hopkinson,
Edwa•d etillingfleet Cayley, William Jackson, Esq., M.P.
Esq , M.P. Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P.
John kifred Chowne, Esq. Robert Stacey Price, Esq.
George Clive, Esq Herbert Taylor, Esq.
William i'ooper, Esq. Joseph Thompson. Esq.
Charles Hill, Esq. Joseph Underwood, Esq.
Thomas Winkworth, Esq.
Manager —Mr. Alfred Richard Cab'''.
Accounts of parties received and kept on the plan generally adopted
by London Bankers.
Parties having current accounts with this Bank have the advan-
tage of transferring any surplus balance to a deposit account bearing
interest ; sod sums of money are ieceived on deposit f om parties not
keeping current accounts. The rxte of interest allowed Is 1 per cent.
under the minimum rate of discount of the Bank of England, the
deposit bung subject to 10 days' notice of withdrawal.
The agency of country and foreign banks undertaken on such
terms as may be agreed upon.
Purchases and soles of British and Foreign Securities, &c., effected,
dividends received, and every description of banking business trans-
acted.
Letters of Credit are granted on the principal cities and towns in
Europe and elsewhere.
No Christmas-boxes or other gratuities are allowed to be taken by
the officers of the Bank.

A. B. CIITBILL, Manager.

" Another favour shown to the faimer consists in this-
if his profits be less than half his rent he has the privi-
lege of appeal, and can demand a reduction; but if they
double, treble, or even quintuple the prescribed moiety,
thesatisfaction of the recipient is enhanced by the know-
ledge that the kxgatherer has nothing to do with the ex-
cess, since he cannot go beyond the half-sent tether.
" And yet, again, if the tenant-farmer's annual rent be
less than 3001., even though it should really be much more,
calculating fines, and though his profits should quintuple
his rent, he is not liable to the impost. Now, we all know
that the farmer who pays a rent of, say 295/. per annum,
in much better position than the clerk or artisan who
earns 100/. a-year, especially now when agriculture is in so
flourishing a condition that for the first time in the
memory of living man agriculturists have ceased togrumble;
yet one is obliged to pay the tax; the other wholly
escapes it.

" Once more; where was the justice of reducing the
point of exemption from 1501., as regards other classes, and
leaving the agricultural boundary as it stoOd before—viz.,
at 3001. per annum ?

" Fully endorsingyour own catalogue of grievances, and
having reminded you of others which seem to have been
very generally forgotten, we are not at all eurp)ised that
you should be indignant and disgusted at and with the in-
come and property tax as it is at present assessed and
levied ; but we think, nevertheless, that a little serious
reflection will suffice to convince you that the remedy you
seek will be very much worse than the disease of which
you complain.

is a matter of equal interest to those who contribute the
funds, tbat they should be made acquainted, at least onee
a-year, with the number of the poor and other local sta-
tistics in their respective parishes. With this vi2w we
lay the following details before the public, with the
number of inmates in each workhouse, compared with
the corresponding period last sear, so that it may be
seen at a glance whether there has been a decrease or
increase of pauperism in any parish within the metro-
politan district.
ST. MARTLEBONE.-Inmates of the workhouse, 1,931.
Thus divided-Men, 456 ; women, 778 ; boys, 173 ;
Ors, 155 ; infanta, 154 ; infirmary, 213. (Last Christ-
mas-day the number was 2,024.) Out-door poor for the
week ending December 24, 5,356 (corresponding day
last year, 4,928). The following ingredients consti-
tuted the Christmas pudding : Flour, 3001bs. ; fruit,
2301b5. : suet, 2451b5. ; sugar, 95Ibs. ; egcs, 36Ibe. ;
milk, 851bs. ; ale, 50Ibs. ; spice, sihs. ; peel, 51bs. The
Christmas fare to each inmate was ilb plum pudding,
ilb. roast beef, 1 pint of porter, 1 ez. of tea, 4 0z.,. of
sugar, and 1 oz. of butter, with other extras. Provision
contracts ere somewhat lower than last year. Meat
last year was 4s. 6d. per stone, this year 4s. Flour per
sack in 1855, 545. ; present price, 495. 10d. Potatoes,
per ton, 1295. ; now,B7s. 6d. There is, however, an
increase in the price of cheese, butter, and eggs. De-
crease on in-door poor this year, as compared with last
Chri-tmail, 93 ; increase of out-door poor, 428-Total
increase of pauperism, 335.
ST. PANORAS.-Inmates of the workhouse, 1,433 (last
year, 1,663). Out-door poor, 3,840 (last Christmas,
6.138) Relief in kind and money during the week,
1771. 16s. bid. ; corresponding week last year, 2401. 10s,
Hid. There are also 214 children at the Whitechapel
Union Schools, at Fore t-gate. The Christmas fare was
1 pound of plum pudding, half a pound of roast beef fr,e
from bone, tea, sugar, and tobacco and snuff for those
who desired it, and apples, orange, nuts, and sweet-
meats for the children. Decrease on in-door poor, as
compared with last Christmas (including children at
Forest-gate), 16 ; on out-door pour, 2,298 ; total de-
crease, 2.314.
ST. MARY, ISLINGTON.-Inmates of workhouse 400
(last year 420), exclusive of 150 children at tee infant
establishment, Hornseproad. Males 151, females 219,
children 30. There are also 170 lunatics farmed out,
48 males and 71 females. The Ceristosas fare was 6
ounces cooked roast beef, free from hone, 12 ()Knees
baked potatoes, 4 ounces bread, 1 pound of rich boiled
plutn pudding, and 1 pint of Truman and Banbury's
porter each. Out-door poor, 1,635 (last year, 1,872).
Decrease on in-door poor, 20; on out-door poor, 237.
Tots' decrease, 257.
ST. GEORGE'S, HANOVER-SQUARE.-Inmates, 612 (la-st
year 582). 199 men, 264 women, 70 buys, 79 girls.
Cbristnias-day fare, roast beef, plum pudding, &c., with-
out restriction. The inmates have- holidays, and the
children an additional treat on New Year's day. The
outdoor poor are about the same as last year. In-
crease, 30.
ST. MARY, LAM TH.-Inmates, 1,553 (last year 991).
Male adults, 419 ; female, 588 ; children, 576. Christ-
MaR day dinner, roast beet and plum pudding, with a
pint of porter to each adult, and children in propor-
tion. Out-door poor, 6,781 (last. year, 4,870) Increase
on in-door poor, 562 ; on out-door pour, 1,891. Total
increase of pauperism in Lambsth as compared with last
year, 2 453.
ST. MARTIN'S•IN-THE-FIELDS.-Inmates of workhouse
638 (last Chris mug, 642) Men, 174 ; women, 379 ;
bays, 43 ; girls, 42. Children at Norwood, 146. rhe
Christmas-day fare was roast beet, plum pudding, vege-
tables, and 1 pint of porter to each adult, and halt a pint
for each child between 5 and 15. In lunatic a-ylume,
80 ; out-door poor, 685 (last year 665). Decrease on
in-door poor, 2 ; increase on out-door poor, 30 ; total
increase, 28.
ST. JAMES'S, WESTMINSTER.-In the workhouse 816

" Yon know that a certain amount of revenue must be
raised ; you cannot but be aware that a huge gap of
15,000,0001. which you propose to make in the revenue
rapt be filled up in some way or other. How, is this to be
done? It must be either by some better system of direct
taxation, or by a great. increase, of indirect taxation ; that
i 3 to say, by more and heavier duties on commodities and
mateaials of manufacture—in other words, by an abnega-
tion of the doctrine of free trade, and a return to restric-

tive and protectionist principles, which, in theory at least,
were supposed to hove been dead and buried long ago.
" Are you prepared for this lamentable retrogression ?
Will you, after having seen, and felt, and rejoiced in the
blessings resulting from a very imperfect system of free
trade, brought into operation by a partial system of di-
rect taxation, return to the principles of restriction which
you have repudiated, and reject the only means by which
free trade can be accomplished and the nation placed in a
condition of health, vigour, and assured prosperity such
as it has never yet known ?
" We can scarcely believe in the possibility of such an
exhibition of national infatuation ; yet every reflecting ma:
of ordinary intelligence must see that it is to this, and to
nothing else, that your present efforts tend.
" Protectionists and monopolists may rejoice in your
movement; their tied tongues may have been loosed at
your meetings against the tax which gave so rude a shock
to their system, because they see clearly that if that move-
ment be successful, its success must be followed by a re-
vering of the commercial policy inaugurated by the late Sir
It. Peel, which has carried as through an expensive war
ithout materially trenching upon our resources ; but
surely these are not, the leaders whom thinking men would
follow—not the allies whose aid they should desire.
" What, then, should you do if you wish to promote
your own true interests and those of the nation ?
" We answer, meet, by all means meet, in every city,
town, and hamlet in the kingdom ; but meet to demand
an entire revision of our fiscal system, an equitable scheme
of direct taxation, which shall exact from every man above
' pauperism, or not closely bordering upon it, his fair con-
tribution to the just necessities of the State—nothing
more and nothing less, and the abolition of Customs and
Excise duties, with all their train of evils, social and
moral, fiscal, commercial, and political.
" It is almost impossible to over-estimate the advan-
tages of suck a reform as this. You are all deeply jute-
rested in it, and none more than working men, who now
pay indirectly, and in the shape of restricted employment,
much more than they would ever be called upon to pay
under a properly adjusted system of direct taxation.
What can be more absurd or more prejudicial than a sys-
tem of duties under which, in order to put 12d. into the
Exchequer, 2s. must he taken out of somebody's pocket?
"The rttliug Powers are opposed to any change of this
system, and it is well worth your while to consider the
reasons why. They are chiefly these a--" They know that
people can bo got to pay in driblets, and, as regards the
gwrocualtd mjo
be asvri willing ngto unconsciously,pay:
either
vineroy ne much diesel
sumorbythfiaxnedthey
in-
stalments. They do not wish to lose the means of patron.
age and corruption afforded by costly establishments,
which would be unnecessary under a proper system of tax-
ation, and they are quite aware that if the people did know
exactly what they pay individually for being governed
they would bo sure to look more strictly into both the
constitution of Government and its expenditure than they
have ever hitherto done. It is for you to weigh what these
reasons are worth, and to decide whether they are such as
should induce you to persevere in your present course, or
to adopt that which we have ventured to recommend to
your consideration.
" We know that all sorts of difficulties have been, are,
and will be started iu opposition to this most wise and sa-
lutary reform. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the
occasion to which we have already alluded, conjured up a
goodly number of them, as men unwilling to take any par-
ticular course, even when convinced of its propriety, are
never at a loss to do. In such cases objections are always
notdevisehowthatwhich
, it is our
place,
know to
r
be wise and just and necessary is to be done. This is the
plentiful
nor as
is blackberries
it
yours to
duty of the Government, which we pay for no other pur-
pose, and of the Parliament, which represents us and acts
in our name. Our duty is to demand, simply but deter-
minedly, that it shall be done. For our own part we have
over found that where there was a will there was always a
way. Let ours be the will; let us insist that Government
shall find the way ; and then, you may depend upon it,
the thing will be done, for, as there never yet was, so
there never will be a Government able to withstand suc-
cessfully the will of a whole united people.
" You have, had experience of the blessings of partial

///

1,376. Decrease On in-door poor, 73 ; decrease on out-
. I door poor, 166. Total decrease as compared with last
• I year, 238.
STRAND UNION.- --lumatee of workhouse, 748 (last
year 753). Men, 192 ; women, 315 ; children, 241.
There are 201 children at the establishment at Edmon•
' ton. The Christmas fare was—Boiled pork, legs, 6
ounces; vegetables, 12 ounces ; bread, 15 ounces ; plum
pudding, 16 ounces ; and porter, 1 pint. The children
roast beef and oranges, &e. Decrease on in-dour poor,
5 ; on out-door poor, 165 ; total decrease, 170
ST. LEONARD, SHOREDITCLI—Inma.teP, 734 (last year
780), men, 258 ; women, 396 ; boys, 46 ; girls, 34 ; at
the eszablishment for children at Brentwood, 260 chil•
dren. ChriAreas-day fare-6oz. baked rneW, 8, z. baked
pot oes, Boz plum pudding,. and 1 pint of beer each
adult ; children in proportion, and the latter, after
dinner, oranges, fi,ts, &c. Out-door poor, 3.078 ( ast
year 3,155); relief in kind for the week, 1001 5,. 74 ;
mmiey, 831. 95 3d.—total, 1861. 14s. 10d. ; last year,
1971 17s. 6t. Decrease on in-door p •or, 46 ; on out
door nom., 77—total, 123.
STEPNEY UNION--Inmates of the Ratcliffe Hone,
232 ; Mile-end House,. 237 ; Wapping Halms, 431 ;
Liniehonse, £Bl ; at Margate, 9—total, 1,500 (last
year, 1,410) ; males, 299 : females, 553 ; children, 648.
In asylu us, 181. Christmas dinner, roast beef, 1 pint
Hof porter, plum pudding, So., and apples and oranotas,
in lied of porter, for the children. Out-door poor, 3,962
(last year, 3,720). Increase on in-door poor, 90 ;
out-door poor, 242: total increase of pauperism, 332.
WEST LONDON UNlON.—lnmates of workh,use,
West-street, 504 ; last y--ar, 514. There are ale., nears
200 aildreu at the Central Lundou District School,
Norwood. The fare was 7 ounces roast beef, 8 ounces
plum pudding, 12 ounces potatoes, and 1 pint porter.
Out-door poor, 2,138 ; last year, 2,381 ; decrease on in-
door poor, 10 ; on out-door poor, 243 ; total dent-ase as
coinpared with Correspondilig. period last year, 253.
ST.JORN, HAMPSTEAD.— Inmate• of workhouse, 185 ;
last Christmas, 177. The ustial Christmas fare of roe 4
beef, pium pudding, and 1 pint of best London porter,
The price of provisions tally generally with tl)o.e of
other e. thblishroerite. Decrease on in-dour poor, 12.
HACKNEY UNlON.—lnmate., 645 ; la t year, 662 ;
male , 166 ; females, 237 ; children, 242. Tne pi r
were.regaled with Christina. fare of roast beef, plum
pudding, and porter, with an extra allowance of tea,
bread and butler, morning and evening. Out 'do,,r
poor, 1,073 ; last Christmas, 1.147 ; decrease on in door
poor, 17 ; on out dour poor, 74 ; total decrease, 91.

.
ED3fONTON UNION —lnmates, 368 (last year, 356).
Fare, roast beef and potatoes, 1 lb. p um pudding, and 1
pint of porter. No return of out door poor. Decrease,
as compared with last year, 12.
ST. WART, PADDINGTON —ln the house, 389 ; (;E44
Christmas, 292). Tne inmates were regaled with roast
beef, mashed potatoes, plum pudding, And a pint of hef-r
each adult, and less for children. The inmates are 67
men, 116 women, an l 127 children. There is a slight
decrease in out d•ior rel,et. Total decrease, 17.

ST. LUKE, MIDDLEBKX —T. it al inmates, 682 (last
year, 665), viz , male adults, 153 ; females, 266; child-
ren, 16 ; at infant establishment, 33 ; lunatic asy'uins,
70. Christmas faro, 8 ounces roast beef, 16 ounces
plum pudding, 16 ounces of potatoes, one pint of ale.
Adults, tobacco and snuff, and oranges, km, for ch.ld-
ren. The contracts Are much the same as in other
parishes. No return made of out door poor. Increase,
If.

ST. MARGARET AND ST. JOHN, WESTMINSTER —I„-
mate.; of workhouses, 707 (last Christmas, 743). Fare,
roast beef, plum pudding, ,tc., ad libitum, and one pint
of porter each, with tobacco and snuff to those who
sire it. Men, 203 ; women, 299 ; ,oys,llo ; girls, 95 Out
door poor, 2,983 (last year, 3,178). D.crease on in door
poor, 38 ; on out dour poor, 195 ; total decrease of
pauperism, 233.
WANDSWORTH AND CLAPHAM UNION.—No return
given as to numbers. Christmas fare, half a pound
of roast beef without bone, 11b. potatoes, 11b. pudding.
1 pint porter, tobacco, and snuff for the aged ; oranges,
ece , for the children, and tea and butter for all classes.

ItENSINGTON—Lunates of workhouse, 421 (last year
382). Males, 159 ; females, 179 ; children, 82. The
children, 102, are farmed out at S'. George's Industrial
Schools, Plasket, Essex. The Christmas fare was, for
adults, ilb. roast beef, potatoes, 11b., plum pudding,
and a pint of Barclay's porter, tobacco and fruit, &c.
Holidays are allowed. Increase on in door poor 39. out•
door poor 1,379 (last year, 1,675, decrease on out-door
-poor 296, total decrease 257.
FULHAM UNlON—lnmates, 436 (last Christmas, 446);
male, 116 ; females, 170 ; children, 150. Christmas
fare. 8 ounces of beef dressed, 12 ounces of pudding, 16
ounces of potatoes, 1 pint of good porter; the aged rnn
and women tobacco and snuff, and the children fruit,
nuts, &c., in lieu of porter. No return made of oat-door
poor. D-crease on in-door poor, 10.
ST OLAYE'S UNION--Inmates, 364 Cast year, 3801 ;
men, 88 , women, 149 ; 'toys, 43 ; glee, 65, with 19
children at the di.4trict school, Sutton, The Christmas
fare was roast beef and plum pudding. Decrease on in-
doer poor, 16 ; out duor poor, 943 (last year, 878) ;
increas,:, 65 ; total increase, 49.
BROMLEY UNION—Total inmates, 231 Oast year, 211);
men, 96 ; women, 60 ; children, 57. The Christeiae
f tee wee three quarters of a potted of roast beef, three
quarters of a pound of plum puddng, and a pint of ale ;
children in proportion. No return as to the out-docr
poor ; increase of ie-door poor. 2.
GREENWICH UNlON—lnmates, 7,037(1a5t year, 1,015).
Christmas day fare, one pound of plum pudding, half a
poun I of roast beef, and one pint of Loni NI porter, for
adults; children fed in proportion, and allowed oranges,
&c. No returns as to out-door pour; increase bn in-
door poor, 22.
BERMONDSEY WORICHOUSE—Inmates, 559 (last Christ-
mas, 531). Men, 162 ; women, 275 ; boys, 52 ;
70. Tilers are also 75 boys and 50 girls at the Industrial
School, Sutton. A touch larger nuntCer of children are
at present in the workhhuse, iti consequence of the late
calamitous fire at the Sutton Sohoole. Christmas dinner
—Boiled pork, pit's ties, plum pudding, and a pint of
Barclay's porter. Children had oranges instead of beer,
and a made lantern for their amusement in the evening.
Out-door p or, 1,001 (last year, 980). Increase on in-
door poor, 28 ; on aot-door poor, 21. Total increase, 49.
BRENTFORD UNlON.—lntnves of workhouse, 516 ;
last ye tr, 468 ; men, 157 ; women, 156 ; children, 203.
Christmas-day fare : lb of roast beet, 1 lb. of potatoes,
1 Ih. of plum pudding, and 1 pint of beer, with extra
tea to each adult ; traeges and nuts to the children ;
wi• h snuff, &c., to the infirm poor. Out-door poor,
1,918 ; adults, 1,116 ; children, 802 ; last year, 1,532.
Deere e.e on in-door poor, 48 Increase on out-door,
peer, 386. Total increase, 338.
CENTRAL LONDON DISTRICT SCHOOL.—TotaI inmates,
1,078. Buys, 605 ; girls, 473. The numbers last year
were—Boys, 597 ; girls, 477 ; total, 1,013. The dinner
eoncisted of roast beef an pork, plum podding, bread,
and vegetables ad libitum, and bread and Linter and
coffee in the evening. Two sermons were deliver° lby
the Rev. S. A. Edwards, the chaplain. Increase, 8.
From the foregoing report the gratifying fact will be
observed that, as c towered with last year, there is a
, vast increase of pauperism throughout the metropolis.

/- L'
,~~~'Lc

THE BAAK CHARTER ACT.

. ,
(last year, 614). Males, 200 ; females, 361 ; children,
55. Number admitted during the year, 1,394 ; births,
42 ; discharged, 1,324 ; deaths, 113. Fare-8 ounces
roast beef, 10 ounces baked potatoes, 1 pound of p UM
pudding, and 1 pint of porter. Atter dinner and two
following days those who chose were allowed to go and
stay with their friends. The children at the parochial
industrial school, Battersea-common, had roast beef and
pudding ad lib., and to-day (Friday) a treat of buns and
fruit, lecture and dissolving views. No return given as
to out-door poor Increase 4.
Si'. MARY'S, NEWINGTON.—In the house 550 (last year
652). The inmates were regaled with roast b ef, roast
mutton, baked potatoes, and plum pudding ad libitum,
and with a pint of Barclay's best porter to each man and
woman. Divine service was performed in the dining
ball, which was tastefully decorated with holly and Ever-
greens, by the chaplains, the Rev. F. F. Statham, in-
cumbent of St. Peter's. The guardians and a number of
ladies and gentlemen were present during the dinner,
and at its conclusion one of the elder inmates returned
thanks for the consideration and kindness they had ex-
perienced from the authorities during the past year.
ST. GILES'S, CAMSERWELL.—Inmates of workhouse,
448 (last Christmas, 486). Males, 129 ; females, 169 ;
children, 62. At the school at Sutton, 88. Dinner—
roast bee', plum pudding, one pint of porter, &c. Sup-
per, a plentiful supply of tea, cake, &c., to each inmate.
A liberal sub-cription has also been raised by the guar
diens and others interested in the welfare ttf the poor,
for an addition of tobacco, snuff, oranges, apples, &c.
ST, GEORGE THE MARTYR, SOUTHWARK.—Inmates of
workhouse, 448 (last year, 444) At 1,-,wishatu estab-
lishment, for girls, 139 (last year, 129) ; at Mitcham, for
boys, 130 each year. Dinner—roast beef, plum pudding,
&c ,ad libitum. By subscriptions of guardians, tobacco
and snuff for the aged and oranges, &c., for the children.
Out-door poor, 2,083 (last Christmas 1,817) ; total in
crease as nimpa,red with last year, 289.
ST. JAMES'S, CLERKENWELL.—In-door poor, 542 (last
year, 577) ; in the schools, 104 (last year, NO). Tie
Christaias fare was 8 ounces roast beet, 8 ounces pota-
toes, 4 ounces bread, 16 ounces plum pudding, with one
pint of Reid and Co.'s best porter ; children, 6 ounces
roast beef, 6 ounces potatoes, and 8 ounces of pudding.
The children are not farmed out.
The aged are allowed
holidays for any length of time, according to c iaracter
and conduct., Out-door po,or, 1,374 (lat year, 1,310) ;
decrease on in-door poor, 35; increase on outdoor poor,
64 ; total increase, 29.
HoLsonis I.Thaori.—ln•oor poor, 754 (last yer, 763);
males 191, females 330, boys 116, girl,ll7. The a
initiates
were regaled with 6 ounces baked beef, f lb. baked po-
tatoes, i lb. plum pudding, and one pint of porter each
adult ; children in proportion. Number of out-door
poor, men, women, and chi;dren, 1,244. (last year, 1,073);
decrease on the in door poor, 9 ; invease on out- :te.r
pei„,., 166 ; total increase as compared with last Ouri.t-
Inas, 155.
WHITEOII3aEL UNlOX.—lnmates of workhouse, 909
(last Christmas, 1,118) ; males 225, females 353, children
331. Breakfast, 6 ounces of bread, with butter, and one
pint of good tea ; dinner, A pound roast beef, 1 pound
baked potatoes, 1 pound plum pudding, and 1 pint of
porter ; children in p-yoportiChl to age. Out-door poor,
2,516 (last year, 2,549) ; decreNie on in-door poor, 209;
on out-door poor, 33 ; total decr,ea9e, 242.
PorLAtt UNlON.—lnmates, 4SO (last Christmas, 482);
157 children at the Whitechape4 Industrial School.. The
Christmas fare was as usual. Out-door poor, 2,353 (last.
year, 2,694) ; decrease on in-door ,poor, 2; on out-dool
poor, 341 ; total cle,rease, 343.
kbouse 423 (law
S. Seviona's UNION.—Iii the wol7
Christmas 495) ; men 134, women 228, boys 22, gir •
11, infants 28. The inmates were regaled wi h pluti,
pudding, roast beef, and 1 pint of Barclay's porter. TtD
well conducted are allowed a holiday to visit then
friends. The number receiving out-door relief are—
, adults, 613; children, 597 ; total, 1,210 ; last Christmas,
-

lEETIES PATENT APPARATUS FOR CHEESE

MAKING.

(From the Times.)

wasll I
ea
xn
Ily i
ho fi t
eodu
atr readersi
gwa dill l a
lirememberßoyal
that there
North
Lan-
cashire Agricultural Shows a patent apparatus for
cheese making ; promising a great benefit to the
dairy
maid. As it was so perfect and simple in its
operations, Mr. John S!ngleton, of St. Michaels-
on Wyre, ontained the first in this county, with
the determination to give it a fair trial ; he there-
fore alternately used the old and the new apparatus
in competition, and carefully registered the results ;
he also accorded to the public the privilege of in-
specting the new apparatus and the method of
working it. As is generally the casa in rural dis-
tricts, much jealousy and some prejudice was iucited
against the newfangled machine, insomuch that
con,idera.hle watchfulness was requisite to secure for
it fair play without tampering. T ie results however
were such as to obtain for the apparatus uuivers'll
favour ; and many of the farmers were determined
to have the benefit of the invention, but hesitated
at the expense, although the outlay would be more
than repaid in using it a single season. A cautions
reserve before adding to the cost of any commodity
may be considered very laudable by our o eio ry
generally
friends when they take into account the current
pi ice of dairy produce. It therefore,,sirooonniiblgee:urn:
rumoured that certain parries in the hauled la.te
parties
neighbourhood had adopted part of the patented
principle—that of filtration—to the
in common use ; and this fact becoming
known, one of the patentees came over from -
'Bingham and paid a visit to several of the
Bit.
Illaßltig or using the filters; and at the Joiner's
shop in the village he found two tuba alreadyfi•te
d
up so as to filter off the whey in an almost identical
8
manner to the patented apparatus
bringing out such contrivancesltllliveillpianrgtitees
were u
give them up, legal proceedings have been c°lll-
menced against two of them fi,
pa-
tent. One of the farmers claims the right to use
r infringing the
have used some wicker
whey, but that the famil work for draining %ft.
u the
s
forefathers are said
the invention because his to
e
Y had discontinued t e
of it many years ago,
Mark-lane .Express
and that he was led to resume
their original practice
- from • g noticed in the
alartieulliaarvtol
tiou of " Keevil'acheese mak-
ing.' The inventivef patent appara.
these
men may have
been considerably acultlesot t
assisted by a close inspection of
unrq-dfeetrailed descrip_
the speci • mens exhibited at the recent local shows.
The question has already created great excitement
among the farmers of the lilylde district, and
large uleetilin having been held in Poulton, Gars
tang, and other places, to form a league and col
beet funds for the defence of the parties apiost
whom the actions have been commenced. A sec e -
' ary, treasurer, and committee have been appointed
to manage the proceedings, in shielding the (leen-
, ' charts and opposing the rights of the patentees.

7 _
7
/ ..- ---'
.
,
_
-,--,---T-70,, •.„-,.„,,.
Thheessiiinbeswo
„I
petfiwonari—, s
tmani
Deg,: anireosftreieitey
rfaorohneri;
Eiti.:;7-4--;41,,,i;P4:,,.„---;0-9)`:\'7i-A,
• i, , is ii
.
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lii .„4.: -. i-r---A
2\i'ri'' `'.a.r... • • -
-''' „ Vt',4*s'lE"Mit Nt;,61t0411111'-; • 0 'L;S ,
• . A pre,k-nt they seen) determined to show a" lb ..fo•r-Tv•-•
rr ,r, • A 4,..
...,,
hie" defence for w int the ,r prompters call t '',- 71...„,__ , y,,,,,'''.,
_... ,
k, .:. , 1 ,: , I zia ,
" puhlic go d." Such corpioiracies are general - .Th '
-'''. - 4*,;,/ ' ' 14-4,i-zt'- 1' ' , ' , „ f'1111111"' '- ' %. 'Vjd 11. "iWillillb ' 'AI -'''" '', .I.OllGAt',
.
,-,•.:'''77i 4-' /71.1 t;Z:;7lrj* 9 ,(tiro'' r_,_, \:ii:i' lirit4 ge, '' ' Ilk
-7,;( . i!, e''' .'' 1. -11 ri - 11')g.. •'. t ',/c;'•;,-'," ~. ''''',%%, 'i " * " ''' s'' "- •
. r's \ `---- .
~...1/4-___~:ltuto.
more prolitic in dupes than heroes. It is not, how- ,f a s
ever, difficult to foresee what the upshot will be. .I‘.
,
The 'farmer. are certainly preparing a rich harvest
I
• ,
for the gentlemen of the, long robe, if they will only
...........r.- - ,
give them time to gather it in.—Preston Herald.
• 1
[P RICE 4D • sumpED 514
BER .J '
Kik/ 1,,,' ,N, 1 .-', G I) 1-4:C.k.:M. -b,
•
tA)N ilivi• ' , FRIDAY 856.

~/

• ,

Sniffing from afar the coming renewal of the
Bank Charter, our correspondent " Mercator "
iu ,nuts on the summit of the venerable edifice in
Threadneedle-street, and blows his trumpet loud
and long, challenging all men to come forth, if
they have anything to say against the act of
1844, on behalf of which he is ready to do battle.
Roused at the sound, the small shilling men of
Birmingham prepare themselves for the conflict,
and many a pamphleteer who has paid off the
national debt and noubled our capital on paper by
a plan which cost nothing to anybody is ready
once more to confide his invaluable nostrum to a
negligent age and an ungrateful country. "Civis"
and Salt have already raised their banners, and
many a-letter will be written and many a speech
lliarde ourselves, before
weitie d
reoalncor ptr,eosvzarse to break a lance
y is even opened.
Fo
with so doughty a champion as "Mercator,'.'
or to penetrate more deeply than is granted
to ordinary mortals into the mysteries of high
finance; but we may perhaps suggest that the Act
of 1844 was a very comprehensive measure, and
contained in it many provisions besides those to
which our correspondent so emphatically draws
attention. _ _ _

The tirit great provision of the Act of 1844, and
one which is entitled to the highest commendation,
is the separation of the Issue from the Banking
Departineht of the Bank of England. A second
provision, much more questionable, is the placing
the issue of notes in the same hands as the manage-
ment of the Bank. A third is the allowing the
Bank to issue notes against 11,000,0001. of the
public funds, of which the Bank is the holder,
against 3,000,0001. of other securities, and requir-
ing in the case of every note issued above these
14,000,0001. that the gold or bullion against which
abate it can Ise issued shall be lodged in the
coffers of the Bank. Another provision restricts
the issues of existing country banks, forbids the
establishment of new banks of issue, and contem-
plates that, as these banks drop in, their places
shall be supplied by fresh issues from the Bank of
England, though this provision has been inopera-
tive, because the Bank has uo interest in increasing
issues against which she must deposit a correspond-
ing amount of bullion in her cellars. ~
We so far agree with "Mercator" that we do not
expect the pending discussion on the renewal of
the Bank Claimer to result in restoring to the pub-
lic at large the privilege of issuing money, which
they had usurped, and, as it appeals to
us greatly abused, before the passing of Sir
Robert Peel's Act. Nor do we suppose that,
in whatever hands the issue of paper money be
planed, those hands will be suffered to set it in
circulation without giving adequate security that
the note shall be exchanged for gold on demand.
This country is becoming more and more every
year the entrepot of the whole wor'd,—the bank
through which payments are made and received,
not without duly enriching the hands through
which they pass. It is absolutely and essentially
necessary for such a country that its currency
should be immediately convertible—so as to faci-
litate large remittances to foreign countries—and
elastic—so as to repress by a spontaneous and
vigorous action at the very earliest moment the
tendency to contraction or expansion. This can
only be done by requiring that the currency should
contract and expand just as it would do if it were
only metallic ; and this again can only be effected
by the most stringent precau Lions against over-issue.
So far, then, we entirely agree with " Mercator."
But the question will arise, to which he does not
seem to have addressed his mind, whether the prin-
ciples of the act of 1844 do not of themselves con-
demn the very machinery they employ ? The great
principle of that act undoubtedly is that the powerof
issuing paper money is as much an imperial preroga-
tive as the power of issuing gold, and consequently
that whatever profit may be made by the process
should be the profit of the State, and not of any
trading company. The Bank has lent to the Go-
vernment 11,000,000/. of money, for which the Bank
receives the ordinary rate of interest paid to any
other lender. The security on which 11,000,0001.
of bank-notes are issued is the ability of the Go-
vernment to pay the interest, and, if necessary, the
pciucip lof its debt. What reason can he given
why the Government should delegate to the Bank
with one hand its own prerogative of issuing this
iatnhdontwwithhintiLl esnonnthaerposwuoprpolyi
iistsnwinitghwnthualdt
cmreodnietyw,
avail but little ? Every farthing that the Bank
makes bythe power of issuing 14,000,0001. of money
against securities on which it receives interest is
just so much abstracted from the purse of the
country without any consideration whatever. To
put the matter in another way, the credit upon
which 14,000,0001. of notes are issued is the credit
of the country, and would remain if a department
of the Government, instead of the Bulk, were to
undertake the issues. En all the banks of issue it
is found that a certain sutn is required to meet the
notes daily presented for payment, and that beyond
that sum and a sufficient margin a supply of gold
need not be kept. It is upon the remainder that
the profit of the Bank is made. This remainder is
assumed by the Bank Act of 1844 to be 14,000,0".,
and it has never been considered to be too large.
If Government, then, undertook the office of is-
suing its own notes, it is evident that it would
have 14,000,0001. at its disposition,aud might prac-
tically lessen the national debt by that amount, or
save itself, in round numbers, about half a million
Dr7paanrtninnel ofThis
Stripped of the power of issuing notes, and re-
tionthne Bank
ing, there seems no good reason Why
stricted merely to the ordinary opera
patronage
tthe seemsßank. to dispose of the Issue
of England should enjoy the exclusive
heera balance, as any
ment. Many may think that the concerhsto. f he
Government are sufficientlylarget
suf-
ficiently good, and their means of investingmake it in their
to make it worth
own securities sufficiently ample, jcurestdia.sislarge
of the Government more than any other pestfa;
insurers.their while
This
force when we remember that it has been the prac-
tice of the Bink till very lately to lend the Govern-
ment
at inter st, advancing
their own money the
surplus of one account to. meet the deficiencies
shipowners find their advantage irnivbeesinengntahiedierraobwlr:
private banker would do with his . -
ultromer,
between receipts and payments, and charging in-
terest only on the gri,as excess of the latter over
very
Government, at
questionable in
any rate, should go out of its way to vest in any
corporation the power of regulating the rate of of another, instead oraafldsseotrwibkheinetvg
dis-
count, and thus place it in a situation in which it
must be divided between the public interest and
the advantage of its shareholders.
sve have suggested these topics as matters which
t
are more likely to be seriously considered by Par-
ttlhieesetbdrmayesnof FlrenelaTY
liament and the country than a return to the old
system of unlimited i banks, and
issu:s rivets
an abolition of the distinction established between.
the Issue and P
—ahltinaDi3 partments of the Bank
of England. we shall be' very glad to bear our_
corresponjont
" Mercator" on these subjects. It
is, no doubt, Vet t e that the act of of 1844 has
been tested by ye
txr trern es of scarcity and alb_ und.
th
ance, by the famine of 1847, and by the.go d
.f
It is grata. Las
of
California and Australia.
Free Trade has
ing to hear, as he tells us, that
hag ridden out the
succeeded, and that the ship
arel undamaged.
storm with sails, tackle, and aP
likpe to know how,
But still more shouldo_wtehe
act of 1844, the
upon the principles f
privileges of the Bank of Eng-
continuance of the
why
the Government,
land can be
thedefenßankand amply for all that it does
after paying of banker should delegate to it
for it in its capacity
creating 14,000,0001. sterling for
the privilege of
n at all.
no considerate
isbee,tmhseiideeroawtilionhadneketrhsa

ual
rast;urit 8 character brt.le out
jr the xte
FIRE IN THE BOROUGH-ROAD6--Ye.,ti-rilay morning
a'"ut
es beleoging to Mr. J.
Jewell situate in George•row, and extending into Great
Unitm-4tret tB. trout/ h-r tsd S .uthwark. Toe huildirtg in
hick the disaster 3 :rnruenc-d was nearly 70 feet lung,
! 3e'''c',esik ve a rfit,riz e vieb
9,,,d contiiiied several thou-arid tons' weight of rap,
bags. carpets, &c Toe proper! y tanked the premises
t,i Mr. Rairt.s, mathematical ir strument maker, and the
newly erected pr p,rty of Messrs. Stevens.: and Suns, the
proprietors of the D trlingttcn Iron Works in the South-
wark-bridge-road, so that at one time it was apprehended
that the entire clump of houses and workshops in the
immediate neighbourhood would have been consumed,
and this no doubt mould have been the case had the wind
beep, higher than it wa, at the
etirirt:en.„ Userrtf(fmotrtirtately, by
mistake, vi
1 he turticocks
tue engines arrived, out toe moment they reached
spot water was obtained from the Southwark dafttheer
the fireno n, under M:. ihnderi
beth plugs, and the eugi -,,,, having been set to work,
of the West of &Waltrip • and Lam-
ft attie, principally within thwc:l:aree73nUlo-eeddaMoticlCornltJfir7ewret°l4l4e;
e,
a„
t rifll nevertheless, a groat d. al of mischief has been done to
the
uptrz:kis:rs of
n dNi so r.
porn,
Raines,
ginjury has been alio done
the mathematical instrn-
oito the new works of M.tssra. Stevens and Sons. Fortn-
nr.ely the E.uffercro were insured.
e