The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-21 00:00:00

wind is near a marked change, when a lull may occur ;
after which the gale will soon be renewed, perhaps sud-
denly and violently, and the veering of the wind toward
the N.V., N., or N.E., will be indicated by a rising of the
barometer, with a fall of the thermometer.

" After very warm and calm weather, a storm or squall,
with rain, may follow; likewise at any time when the
atmosphere is heated much above the usual temperature of
the season.

" Not only the barometer and thermometer, but appear.
antes of the sky and clouds should be vigilantly watched.

" SIGNS Or WEATHER.

" Weather clear or cloudy, a rosy sky at sunset presages
fine weather ; a red sky in the morning bad weather or much
wind, perhaps rain; a grey sky in the morning, fine weather;
a high dawn, wind; a low dawn, fair weather.*
" Soft-looking or delicate clouds foretell fine weather,
with moderate or light breezes; hard-edged, oily-looking
clouds, wind. A dark, gloomy, blue sky is windy ; but a
light, bright blue sky indicates fine weather. Generally
the softer the clouds look, the less wind (but perhaps more
rain) may be expected; and the harder, more "greasy,"
rolled, tufted, or ragged, the stronger the coming wind
will prove. Also, a bright yellow sky at sunset presages
wind; a pale yellow, wet; and thus, by the prevalence of
red, yellow, or grey tints, the coming weather may be fore-
told, if aided by instruments, almost exactly. Small, inky-
looking clouds foretell rain ; light scud clouds driving across
heavy masses show wind and rain; but if alone, may indi-
cate wind only.

"high upper clouds crossing the sun, moon, or stars in
a direction different from that of the lower clouds, or the
wind than felt below, foretell a change of wind.
" After fine clear weather, the first signs in the sky of a
coming change are usually light streaks, curls, wisps, or
mottled patches of white distant clouds, which increase,
and are followed by an overcasting of murky vapour that
grows into cloudiness. This appearance, more or less oily
or watery, as wind or rain will prevail, is an infallible sign.
" Light, delicate, quiet tints or colours, with soft, unde-
fined forms of clouds, indicate or accompany fine weather ;
but gaudy or unusual hues, with hard, definitely-outlined
clouds foretell rain, and probably strong wind.
" When sea-birds fly out early and far to seaward, mode-
rate wind and fair weather may be expected. When they
hang about the land, or over it, sometimes flying inland,
expect a strong wind, with stormy weather. As many
creatures besides birds are affected by the approach of rain
or wind, such indications should not be slighted by an ob-
server who wishes to foresee wee Cher.

" Remarkable clearness of atmosphere near the horizon ;
distant objects, such as hills, unusually visible; or raised
(by refraction), and what is called a good hearing day,'
may be mentioned among signs of wind, if not wet, to be
expected.
" More than usual twinkling of the stars, indistinctness
or apparent multiplication of tho moon's horns, halos,
wind dogs,' fragments or pieces of rainbows, sometimes
called 'Cud-galls,' seen on detached clouds, and the rain-
bow are more or less significant of increasing wind, if not
approaching rain, with or without wind.
•' Lastly, the dryness or dampness of the air, and its
temperature (for the season) should always be considered,
with other indications of change, or continuance of wind
and weather.
" On barometer-scales the following contractions may be
useful :

RISE
FOR
N. kA'.LY.
NW.. N.-E.
DRY
OR
LESS
WIND.

FALL
FOR
S. W.-LY.
SR.-S.-W.
WET
OR
MORE
WIND;

EXCEPT
WET FROM

EXCEPT
WET FROM

N. ED.
" When the wind shifts against the sun, -
Trust it not, for back it will run."

N. ED,

" First rise after very low
Indicates a stronger blow,"

" Long foretold, long last;
Short notice, soon past."

* A high dawn is the break of day seen above clouds,
instead of the horizon.

THE ITALIAN REVOLUTION.

11 , -or.

The Italian Revolution, wonderful and rapid as
it has been, is not quite so spontaneous an emana-
tion as its careless admirers may believe. Many
influences have been at work to shake and loosen
that mosaic work of principalities and kingdoms
which 20 months ago appeared to be perfect and
almost secure. All the military power of the
greatest military nation in the world was but just
enougi to move the blocks out of their solid bed.
Infinite patierce has been required to watch and to
seize every opportunity that occurred to turn one
stone after the other. Mere enthusiasm has not
done it all, and never could have done it all: Frag-
ments of population do pot unite into nations, and
slaves do not become free men by mere force of illu-
minations and popular shouting. There has been
statecraft and policy, and management of foreign
force, as well as courage and conduct, in the young
men of Italy. All these have been worked together
with a marvellous unity towards the common ob-
ject, end the consequence has been that the armies
of France have been used to break the armies of
Austria, the sympathies of Teutonic Europe have
been arrayed against the pretensions of France, and
the ground has been kept while the Italian Her-
cules wrought his labours without interruption
from abroad. This unity of purpose has now been
broken. Unhappily, discord has come to mar this
hitherto successful combination. The man of action
frets under the constraint impos"d upon him by the
man of co ansel ; the man of genius grows impatient
of the pretensions of the man of policy. There have
long been symptoms of a coming rupture. In the
earlier stages of the contest the European public ad-
mired with astonishment the temper with which
Garibaldi submitted to the slights which were put
upon him by men infinitely his inferiors; but as
events wore on, and as the great qualities of
the Italian patriot raised him to be matter of
the Revolution, it was evident that Hercules
would not continue to stand outside the city and
have his labours prescrib-d to him from within.
When Farini was expePed from Sicily it was
clear that Garibaldi had determined to be no longer
only the arm of Italy, and that he thenceforward
pretended to direct the policy as well as to en force
the progress of the Revolution. The intelligence
from Turin which we publish to-day makes the
the occurrence of a rupture certain. Garibaldi
insists upon the dismissal of Cavour. The conqueror
of Sicily and Naples insists upon being set free from
the entanglements of Statecraft and diplomacy, and
permitted to finish the emancipation of Italy in a
plain soldierlike way.
Our instinctive sympathies are all with Garibaldi.
The first impulse of every man must be in favour of
the daring single-minded chief who admits only one
object, and pursues that with straight and undeviat-
ing rectitude. Garibaldi thinks that the sword is
the only weapon with which a brave man should
hope to free his country. The sentiment is heroic
and attractive ; it gains fame and followers ; it sus-
tains enthusiasm, and it betokens honesty—but in
this crooked world it does not always succeed.
Against such lath-and-plaster tyrannies as Gari-
baldi found in Sicily or in Naples a bold rush was
doubtless the best attack. One hard push, and the
whole edifice disappeared in dust and splinters.
The same summary course of action would also do
very well for countries where he would find a sym-
pathising people, and no more obstinate enemies
than the Irish garrison of Spoleto. Garibaldi has
done all this part of his work, and let no man
undervalue it. He has displayed not only adven-
turous daring but consummate ability. We wish we
English had a General from whom we could hope, at
our need, for an achievement anything at all equal in
military merit to that Sicilian campaign. But, great
as his successes have been, they are the easiest part
of his "programme," and their way has been pre-
pared by that tortuous policy and crafty counsel
which he now desires to cast away from him.
Garibaldi's conduct during the campaign in Lom-
bardy,was beyond all praise. As a partisan leader
he harassed the enemy and occupied and eluded
very superior forces. Bat no one would be more
ready than Garibaldi to admit that it was not he
who defeated the Austrians or who drove them out
of Lombardy. The Austrians were driven out by the
French. Garibaldi has chased away all the deer,
and some of them stood at bay; but this achieve-
ment is not a promise of perpetual victory. Now
that Cialdini has dispersed the wretched mercena-
ries of the Pope there is nothing more to do except
to capture Rome and conquer Venetia. That is to
say, there is no impediment to the entire unity of
Italy, except only the necessity of concluding a
successful war with France and entirely defeating
Austria. Is this the serious project of Garibaldi ?
If so, we can only say of it, as the French said of
us at Balaclava, " Vest magnffique; male ce n'est
pas la guerre." Is this the cause of Garibaldi's
separation from Cavour ? It is scarcely possible to
believe that so shrewd a man and so great a man
as Garibaldi has shown himself, should, at the
turning point of his success, espouse so wild a
scheme. That he should hold fast by his idea of
Italian unity is but consistent with the character of
the man, and is but due to his own fame ; but that
he should desire to cast his mountaineers headlong
at the French army, and also at the Austrian for-
tresses, seems an impossible suggestion. All the
correspondence from Italy, however, tends to this
effect. It is certain that the Envoy from the King
of Sardinia has entirely failed in his mission, what-
ever the object of that may have been, and can
extract no concession from that obdurate Achilles.
The demand for the dismissal of Cavour and Farini
is only too unfortunately consistent with kis
_pro-
raifie to proOlAini the annexation a Naples trim