The Sun.
London, England, 1856-03-06 00:00:00

CONTRACT FOR LIGNIJNI

Department of the Storekeeper General of the Navy,
Somerset-place, sth vi arch, 1856.
THE Commissioners for Executing the Office of
Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
Itud Ireland, DO HE/IE6T GIVE NOTICE, that on TUESDAY,
the 18th instant, at Two o'clock, they will be ready to treat with
Such Persons as may be willing to Contract tor supplying her Majesty's
Dockyard at Portsmouth with

40 Tons of ST. DOMINGO LIGNUM TILE, of from 4 y to 16 ins

diameter, and
6 ~ of WHITE linA3l.l. LIGNUM VIT..E, of from 3% to 4
ins. diameter.
•

A form of the tender may be seen at the said office.
No tender will be received after two o'clock on the day of treaty,
nor will any be noticed, anless the party attends, or an agent for
him duly authorised in writing. •
Every tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty,
and bear In the left-hand corner the words "Tender for Lignum
Pita;," and must also be delivered at Somerset-place, accompanied
by a letter signed by a responsible person, engaging to become bound
With the person tendering in the sum 0(2001. for the due performance
of the contract.

EAST INDIA nouiE, sTit 51Ancn, 1356.
NOTIet 'IS HEREBY ,GIVEN,--Irkrat the an-
nexed CODE of REGULATIONS fur the ADMISSION- of
CANDIDATEs at the EXAMIN %TIONA to be held for the
APPOINTMENT of ASSISTANT SURGEONS in the SERVICE of
the EAST INDIA COMPANY, has leen framed by the Board of
uominiestoners for the Affairs of India, under the provisions of the
Act 161 h and 17th Viet., cap. 95, sec. 38.
REQUEA.TIONS FOR TIE ADMISSION OF CANDIDATES FOR TEE APPOINT-
MENT OF AssisTANT-SIIRGEoN IN THE CERVICE OF TILE L.AST INDIA

COMPA mt.
All natural-born subjects of her Majesty between 22 and 28 years
age, and of sound bodily health. may be candidates for admiNsion
int! th% service of the East India Company as Assistant Surgeons.

Tkey must subscribe and send into Or. Sc tt, the Physician to the
honourable East India Company, 10 days before the period fixed for
each examination, a declaration to the foilowing effect :
" (Christian and surname at full length), a candidate for em•
reYment as an Assistant-s•urgeon In the service of the East India
veraparty, do hereby declare, that was years of age on the

day of last, and that I labour under no constitu-
tional disease or physical disability that can interfere with the due
discharge of the duties of a medical officer ; and I also attest my
readiness to proceed on duty to India within three months of receiv
my appointment."
This decimation must be accompanied by the following docu-
baents
1. Proof of age, either by extract from the register of the parish
,11 which the candidate was born, or by his own declaration pursuant
to the Act b and 6 Wm. W., c 62.

2. A certificate of moral character fro.n a magistrate, or a minis-
ter of the religious denomination to which the candidate beloegs,
Who has personally k town him for at least two preceding years.
3. A diploma in surgery, or a degree in medicine, provided an ex-
enalnatlon in surgery be required for such degree, from some body
competent by law to grant or confer such diploma or degree.
4. A certificate of having attended two courses of lectures, eV six
Months each, on the practice of physic, and of having attended for
all raoaths the practice and clinical instruction o the i,hysicians at
lonic hospital, containing at least, on an average, one hundred in-
Patients; or of hiving attended one course or lectures of six months
Co the practice of physic, and clinical instruction for twelve months.
. A certificate of having attended for three months the practical
Instruction given at one of the public asylums for the treatment of
The insane.
1. A certificate of having attended for three months one of the in-
stitutions or wards of an kospital especially devoted to the treat-
'bent of ophthalmic disesse.
Candidates who may not have been able to attend the practice of
an asylum for the insane, or of an ophth.lafic hospital, for 3 months
Previous to their offering themselves for examination, will not be
cXeluded from examination, but will, if successful in ob a-ping re-
oonuncndatlen for appointments, be required to produce certificates
°f having attended such practice during the interval between the
examination and the tine of proceeding to India.
7. A certificate of having attended a course of lectures on mid-
%Very, cud of having conducted at least six labours.
A certificate of having acquired a practical kt owletige of cup-
Ping.
Candidates may also, at their option, send In certificates of attend-
ance at any hospitals, or on any course of lectures, in addition to the
above. Attendance on a course of military surgery, and the practi-
eel study of surgical operations on the'dead body, are recommended.
The Examination will include thee following subjects:—
I. Surgery in all its departm,uts.
2. Medicine, including the diseases of women and children, The-
taPeutice, Pharmacy,'an I Hygiene.
3. anatomy and ttp Aiology, including Comparative Anatomy.
4. Natural History, including Botany and Zoology.
The following are the books recommended in—
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy—
Ontlinea of the Structure of the Animal Kingdom, by Rymer Jones,
Or

Cours Element:tire d'Histolre Naturelle, par Milne Edwards.
Zetany—
Lindley's School Botany, or
Lindley's Elementsof Botany.
Ti.e Eaananavon will be conducted—

1. By means of written questions and answers.
2. Ity object examinations and experiments, when the sub'ect ad-
/WM of each tests.
3- By practical examination of patients, and by operations on the
&ad body.
4. By vies voce examination.
The persons who shall be pronounced by the examiners to be the
heat qatlified in all respects will De appointed to fill the requisite
Dumber of appointments as assistant-surgeons in the East India
eerepany's Service, and; so far as the requirements of tke service
Will permit, they will have the choice of the PreAdency in India to
Whioh they shall le appointed, according to the order of merit in
Which they stand on ihe list resulting from such examii.ation.
All assistant-surgeons are required t • subscribe to the military or
MedLal, and medical retiring funds, at the presidencies to which
they may be respectively appointed, and to the Military Orphan So-
elety also, if appointed to Bengal.
All asaistant-surgeens who shall neglect or refuse to proceed to
India under the orders'ofthe Court of Directors, within three months
..,11.01n the date of theiriappointmen , will be • onsidered as having for-
reited it, unless spechil Circumstances shall justify a departure from
this regulation.
A copy of these regulations, and any further information, may be
obtained on application to the Secretary of the Military Department,
Asst India House.
The examinations will take place in the months of January and
A, in each year ; and due notice will be given by public adver-
ggetnent of the days appointed, and of the probable number of can-
didates to be selected.
The Examiners for Assistant Surgeons in the Honourable East
India Company's Service, having received many inquiries as to the
Tlleet and extent of the Examination in Comparative Anatomy.
Loology. and Botany, have considered it desirable to announce that
• their objects are,—
To ascertain who of the Candidates have devoted especial atten-
tion to any of theseppiences, and are hence qualified to undertake
duties requiring a kpogledge of then', as well as the general duties
of their profession. Proficiency in these sciences will, in classifying
• the Candidates by merit, bq entitled to great consideration.
2. To encourage ailiCandidates to acquire an elementary know-
ledge of the structure and affinities of the principal natural families
*f Ardoaals and of Plants, with the general p.an upon which these
are
Constructed, and the l'unctions and relations of their most impor-
tant organs.
To promote the study of lgatural History as a most important
adjunct or preliminary to a liberal medical education; that of Corn-
' barative Anatomy, biology, or Botany, if properly cultivated, by
teens of specimens, for even a short period, being eminently eaten-
ted to develope habits of close observation, and to strengthen those
"uwers of reasoning upon observed facts, which must be habitually
exercised by medical men everywhere, but which must be exercised
With the greatest energy and promptitude by those who practise in a
troPl •
eat climate, and who are often thrown wholly upon their own
resources.
•The general examination in these scienres will be elementary, and
""L embrace a very limited range of techn'cal terms. At he written
examination a considerable number of questions will be put, with
..e view of allowing each Candidate to select such subjects as he has
;tended to, and, thereby, of enabling the Exarsdners to ascertain
4:le Particular departments of science in which the verbal examine-
. Bon should be conducted.
ofW,,ith thoseCandfdates who have attained prliclency in any branch
b,. l'ede gcleneeq, the verbal examination will be pursued in the
-rh enlected,so as to ascertain the full extent of their knowledge.
It is now announced that the next examination will be held at
`°2s house en the 14th ;July next, and succeeding days, and that the
ejebable number of vacancies in the medical establishment of the
'44 India COnd.Pddret.e be then filled up, will be thirty.
'LAMES C. AIELYILL, Secretary.

WIESBADEN RAILWAY COMPANI.
London Agency. IS, Cannon-street.
COUNCIL.
R. HARTLEY KENNEDY, Eeq., Alderman, Sheriff—President.
CHARLES STOKES, Esq., London —Vice. rresident..
Joseph C. Ewart. Esq., ;41.P., Liverpool.
The lore W. It dhbone, Esq., Liverpool.
William E q. (Nicol, Duckworth, and Co.), Liverpool.
F. Valiant, Esq., London.
Thomas Green, Esq., London.
Jules Lejeane. Esq., Consul, Antwerp.
Carl Kalb, Esq , ham. er, Wiesbaden.
August Hergenhahn, Esq., Judge of the Supreme Court, Wiesbaden.
BANNERS.
London—Messrs. Glyn, Mlle, and Co.
Paris - Messrs. de Rothschilds, Brothers.
Frankfort— !Messrs. M. A. de Rothschild and Sons.
Eight per cent. Preference Shares.
The Company is prenared to receive App 'cations for Preference
Shares of 61. each, hearing Eioht per Cent. interest, payable nalf-
yearly in London, Paris, or FrankMrt, at the option of the holders.
A first instalment of 21 nor share will be payable on allotment,
the secon 1 21. on the 31s, March next, and the remaining 21. on the
31st May ne't. The amount of these shares to be issued will not
exceed 'OO,OOOl, being the amount required to open the line to
Rudesheim, opposite to Bingen.

and I agree to accept the same or any less number that you rntiy.
allot me, and to pay t! .e Instalments thereon at the dates fixed in
your advertisement of the 16th February, 1855.

Name........
.Address ......
Date .....• ...... ••

Leference .... •

Li AIR DESTROYER, 1, Little Queen-street,
I .I.High Holuorn —ALEX. ROSS'S DEB (LATOR Y, for remo-v-
Ina cilectually Superfluous Hair from -the Face, Neck, Arms, and
Hands, without the shghteAt injury to the skin. A. It. will warrant
it not to irri4te the flesh in the smallest degree, and the hair to be
entirely de.troyed.—go'd in bottles, at 3s. Gd., ss. 6d., and 10s. 6d.;
or applied at the Hair-dyeing Establishment, as above. Forwarded
for stamps, free by post, eight extra.

TOZEAII'S COPAHINE, or SACCHARATED
to CAPSULES, approved of by the french College of Physician%,
uccessfuliy adininiqcred in the Paris and London Hospitals, a id
,chmiwle(l44td by them to be the best remedy for a certain disord T.
,ec " Lancet" of Nov. 0, 1852.) A copy will be 'orwarded on ap.ol-
- per 100, 4s. 60. ; 50, 2s. 9d. To be had of the inveator,
GABRIEL JOZ EAU, French chemist, 49, Haymarket, London, and
411 the principal chemists.

THE 'EGRET INFIRMI•rIEin OF YOUTH ANII i UNITY.
Just .üblieheA. mice 11.. illustrated with eases and numerous
engravings . tree by post for 14 stamps,
iv ER vuOS DEBILITY;
1 Its Causes, Symptoms, and Care.—An Essay on Sper-
natorrhma, with Practical Observations on a safer and more
arecesstul mode of treatment of the diseases of the Generative
iystem, obtained by the use of the Microscope in detecting and
listinguisbing, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of
'eery variety of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits,
ixcesses, accident, or climate, followed by practical remarks, founded
m twenty years experience In the treatment of Impuissance,
;ervous Debility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrheca. &c. To which
me added, Commentaries on the Physiology of Marriage, with pre-
mutionary hints on the evils emanating from empirical practice,
and on the dangerous remedies advocated by various writers on
ereimportant disorders.
By SAMUEL L.A:MBRT M.D.
57, BEDFORD-SQIYA tE, LONDON,,
D ,t)r of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the 'University of Edit.
•:argh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society
Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hill, London, &c.,
The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful eon.
se uences resulting from certain habits, irregularities, and excesses.
w 'tea have produced more misery in Youth, degradatica In Man.
hoid, and premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, any
o ner class of disease known to modern pathologists. Its perusal 1,
p rticalarly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts o
th sir physical condition, and whc are conscious of haring hazardes
the health. happiness, and privileges to which every human being is
er titled
It is absolutely necessary that all men should know, that there art
,rinciples of personal management which cannot be violated withon,
Incurring grievous penalties, end when wisdom and regret succeee
the heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penaltie.
may be mitigated, hew the sting of their bitterness may be removed
and how the evil and its consequences may be avoided, and above all,
tr at there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functions
lerangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure
the Author has for a series of years been engaged in an extenslv,
practice in the treatment of these delicate complaints, which haw
untortunately been too generally confided tc the care of *norm.,
empirics, who inflict great injury on those Who are induced to plat.
faith in their pretensions.
NERVOUS DEBILITY may be had price Is. of Messrs. Sher
wood and Co., 93, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ;
Horne, 19, Leicester-square; Mann, 39, Cornhlll ; or free by post for
14 stamps to any address from the Author's residems, 37, Bed.
ford-a:mare.
, At home for consultation daily tram elan till two, and from six
t ill tight.

WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, MARCH 5.
By the Royal Mail steam-ship Parana, Captain
Bayntum, with the West India, Mexican, and
Pacific Mails, in charge of Lieut. ananehay, R.N.,
we have dates from--
Vera Cruz
Tampico — 2 BArbadoes
liavannah

Santa Martha Jan. 25 Carriacou
Graytown
Carthagena — 11 St,. Lucia — 13
Ctlagres
Jamaica
Jacmel
Porto Rico - 17 Anthma -- 14
Demerara
Tobago
The Parana brings 25 passengers, among whom.
are Capt. Ord, 36th Regiment, and Assistant-Sur-
geon Somerville, 69th Regiment, from Jamaica,
and on freight the following specie :—From Tam-
pico, $993,064 24c. ; Vera Cruz; $391,942 76c. ;
from the Pacific Ports, $167,822 25c. in gold, and
$188,386 in silver ; from California, $260,571 value
in gold and gold dust ; from Carthagena, $73,104
in gold dust ; and Panama, $12,042 in gold and
silver—total value, 1,101,932 dols. 25e., or, say,
220,0001. sterling. The cargo comprises 176 serons

Applications may, until the Bth March next, be made in the sub-
of cochineal, 64 serons of indigo, 24 serons of jalaP,
joined form to the Company's brokers, A. A. H0.,,,ht0n, Esq.. 11,
Angel-court, Throgmortou.street ; and Messrs. Bragg and stock- 100 cases of cigars, 48 bales of sarsaparilla, 419
dale, 6, Throgmorton-street ;or to the secretary, at those offices. bales of bark, 10 packages of vanilla, two live tor-
This issue of preference shares was unanimously aperoved at a
meeting of English shareholders, hen at Guildhall Cott 3 re-house, on ties 8 cases of tortoiseshell, 10 cases of succades,
"
the tugs rehruary Iscrt. The °fleet- will halo cooneicso anclooeu-tila- and 92 paekales. of sundries.
line this spring, at a cost oft es that, 13,0004 a per mite; ar.. as It is _ • .....
Daring the voyage" the Parana exchange:it/signals
a c,ntinuatton of the prosperou. Taunus Railway from Frankfort,
and thence reaches a conyen ent landing place oppos to Bingen, at on the 25th ult., in lat. 40.28 long. 46.22, with the
the point wiser the difilmlties of the Rhine navigation begin to be bark Evergreen, steering for the Channel ; 29th, in
most serious, there can be no doubt as to its profitable traffic, or as
to the setnrity offered by the prere,ence sharos. The Rhine Railway lat. 46.36, long. 27.12, spoke a Belgian steamer,
has obt dned the concession and formed its capital fot; extending its steering to the westward ; March 2, in lat. 48.30,
line to Coblents, and erecting a railway b idgo across the Rhine at long. 16.7, exchanged signals with the Bremen
that city. This will make the •vierbaden, Railway the direct route
from Cologne to Frankfort, and it will thus become the connexion brig Plata ; and on the 4th inst., 60 miles west of
between the existing trunk lints of North and South i;ermany, when the Lizard, passed the Royal mail steam-ship
it is continued t , Litmus en. For the present the company has
thought it b-st, and r the circumst +flees of tin .ncial prasure, to Atrato, with the outward West India, Mexican,
limit its exertions o the flr,t tii.thly profitable section. The line is and Pacific mails.
already complete I to Mosbach, Schierstein, Niederwallwf, Eltyllle,
Several of our files of West India papers, includ-
and Erbach, and the works on the remaining portion of the line are
ao far a lv.anced as to le ,ve no doubt of its prompt completion for the ing those from Jamaica, and Demerara, have net
sum now sought to be raised. come to hand. We are however informed that
By order of the Council. , ,
W. Vi, LANDER, Secretary, the islands generally were healthy.
Foam OF APPLICATION, At Antigua the weather was unfavourable for
To the Connell of Administration of the Wie=baden Railway Company.
agricultural operations.
Gentle-um—l request that you will allot me Eight per Cent,
Preference Shares of 61. each in the Wiesbaden Railway Company, News from Barbadoes states that the high winds

had injured several mills. A letter addressed to
toe Hon. F. Elineks, the Governor, by the Board

of Trade at Quebec,' on the subject of reciprocal
trade with the West Indies, together with his Ex-

,
celleucy's reply, has been published. The object
of the letter is to urge on the attention of the Go-
vernor the benefits that would accrue to the trade
tact the river St. Lawrence and provincial canals
from the reciprocal exchange, free of duty, of the
productions of Canada and those of the West India
Islands, by which measure the commercial inter-
course between the British Canadian colonies
would be assimilated with that existing between
the northern and southern States of the adjoining
Union.
In his answer Mr. Hincks promises that the sub-
ject shall receive his best consideration, but declines
expressing any opinion as to the arrangement until
he has ascertuined the views of the Canadian Go-
vernment, as well as the state of public opinion in
those islanis with which he was about to 19e con-
nected.
Intelligence from Panama reports the isthmus to
be unusually healthy. Business was improving,
although everything continued to look dull. The
opening of the Central American line of steamers
was looked forward to with anxiety, as it would be
the means of having a very beneficial effect upon
the commercial affairs of the isthmus. Rice and
corn were very scarce, and hardly procurable at
any price. Flour, preserved meats, beef and pork,
Ste., were furnished to the Panama market almost
exclusively from Aspinwall ; but prices varied- so
much that it is impossible to give quotations. The
railroad was in good order, and trains passed over
generally two or three times a-day. Although there
was considerable disturbance in the interior of the
State, Panama and the surrounding country was
perfectly quiet.
A great deal of agitation appeared to exist at
Bogota respecting the coming Presidential elec-
tion, and it was by no means improbable that
another revolutionary movement would take place.
The British mail steamer Valdivia arrived at
Panama on the sth ult., with dates from Valpa-
raiso to the 16th, and Callao to the 26th of Jan.
Business at Valparaiso was better, and large
speculations were making in the wheat of the
coming harvest. Wheat was sold at from 3.75 to
4.00 the fanega to he delivered in March or April.
Flour had fallen off in price. The grain crops pro-
mised abundance.
The silver exports from Caldera for the last year
were in market valued at $lO the mark :
c•
$
In 1854 they were 352,54S 00
Ditto in 1855

1,699 50
The total exportation of metals from that port
in 1854 was $5,952,144 82 :
The mint in 1855 coined in silver from
5 to 100 cent pieces 1,546,196
In gold condors and half-condors 650,175

2,196,371
The public expenses for the present $ o.
year are fixed at 5,707,685 2i
The Forte was advertised to sail on the 23d of
January for France, touching at Rio.
The French transport Infernal, 6 guns, arrived
on the Ist of January, 51 days from Rio. She
brought 36 passengers. She sailed from Brest
with the Perseverante. The two arrived only a
few days apart at Rio.
The French brig Alcibiades, 20 guns, 43 days
from Rio, had also arrived. She saluted, on anchor-
ing, the English and French Admirals.
Peruvian intelligence contains little beyond the
Congressional debates respecting the constitution.
The Diario reports the arrival at Callao, in the
French frigate Ama, of a Mr. Pelissier, who, it
says, is brother to the French General of that
name.

The yellow fever is reported as raging at Hua-
naaehueo, near Trujillo.

And five days later Lord Clarendon writes to the
same :---

" Your Excellency wll inform Reschid Pacba of the
great dissatiafaction which all the proceedings in connec-
tion with the army of Asia have caused to her Majesty's
Governm en t. "

Ismail Pacha was the new Asiatic commander
proposed by the Turkish Government at this time.
Col. Williams saw Lord Raglan at Varna on the
18th of nd by the 17th of Sept. had reached
Erzeroum. Aug.,kis correspondence concerns the want
of fuel, provisions, clothing, and pay. His des-
' patches to Lord Clarendon on these subjects are
full of details respecting the resources of the Asiatic
army, even to a tabulated statement of the aecommo-
, dation for troops and horses existing at Erzeroum.
One of the first things he mentions, and
it is a topic to which he frequently returns, is the
cowardice of Selim Pacha, he who afterwards de-
ceived the garrison of Kars until its surrender. In
a letter from Lord Rodeliffe to Lord Clarendon,
dated Sept. 27, the ambassador expresses a hope
that the Allies may be able next year (1855) to
send troops to Asia ; in another, from Lord Cla-
rendon to the same, dated Oct. 21, it is represented
that " the operations in Asia in that year will pro-
bably be carried out on a large scale." Oa the
25th of Oct. Colonel Williams writes his first letter
from Kars, which he had entered the day before.
He transmits to England detailed accounts of the
force there, and recommends certain arms and
equipments, and expresses the opinion " that the
general officers and colonels commanding are un-
worthy of holding commands." The difficulties
these persons and their chiefs threw iu his way, the'
frauds practised on the army and on the Sultan at
Kars—for instance, rations being drawn for 35,000
men there were only 14,000—a1l these things, and
the exertions of Col. Williams to overcome them,
are sent.

On the Gth Dec., 1854, Col. Williams has to com-
plain in another quarter. TO Lord Radcliffe he
writes :

" Since I fulfilled the duties confided to me, as her
Majesty's commissioner to the head quarters of the army
of Kars, I have had the honour of addressing to your
Excellency 54 despatches. Each packet has been accom-
panied by a private letter containing details and sugges-
tions, which, had they found place in my public com-
munications, would have ipconveniently lengthened
those documents. On the 23d of September, I was
honoured by a-private letter from your lordship, appeal-
tO.EDy • @pink...and, a r7itcfatunr WPM .rap=
tivity of unfortiinatelruistati dies who bad then
recently been seized and carried int the mountains by
Skeikh Schaniyl, the Circassian chieftain. Since the
above date, I have not been favoured with a line by your
Excellency, even with an acknowledgment of the recep-
tion of my public or private communications. To one
who has served your lor iship for so many years such an
avowal on my part can only he recorded with feelings of
deep disappointment and mortifiea'-ion—feelings which
I have studiously eudes.vouret/ to conceal, even from my
aide-de-camp and secretaries, because each successive
post was anxiously looked for, in the hops of receiving
answers from your lordship on the pressing and impor-
tant affairs connected with my mission to the headquar-
ters of the army of Kars. I need not trouble your
lordship with a recapitulation of the contents of my
various identic despatches ; but as the Earl of Clarendon
and Genera'. Lord Raglan will be furnished with a copy
of this communication, I owe it to her M.ijesity's Govern-
ment and to myself to remind your lordship of c Hunan-
nications public and private especially addressed to
you."

Having referred to the points contained in his
former letters, ho concludes :

"I shall fail to preserve the power that I have. I
shall not succeed in shielding the troops from starvation
unless my demands be complied with."
But three weeks before Colonel Williams made
these complaints, Lprd. Redcliffo had presented the
whole of that officer's representations, recommen-
dations, and suggestions, in an imposing and autho-
ritative form, to the Ottoman Government to ob-
tain the rank of Ferik in the Ottoman army, equi-
valent to that of General of Division, for Colonel
Williams. To Lord Clarendon Lord Redeliffe
writes, on the 15th Nov.
"Knowing the extreme importance which your lord-
ship attaches to the reinstatement of the Turkish army
at Kars, I make no apology for trapsmitting the rapers
inclosed herewith, which I drew up myself from Colonel
Williams' voluminous despatches, and submitted it to
the Turkish ministers, with an instruction to M. Pisani,
recommending the whole of that officer's demands and
suggestions to their most serious and immediate atten-
tion. Later portions of the same correspondence have
been conveyed in a similar form, and with similar re-
commendations, to the SeraskierlPacha and his col-
leagues. lam assured by M. Pisani that on the vile
of the Turkish ministers there is every appearance of a
sincere intention to comply with my demands. As RPM
al I am satisfied that the supplies are aotually sent, and
orders corresponding with the suggestions of Colonel
Williams, issued in stringent terns, I shall not fail to
apprise your lordship of so gratifying a result. The sub-
ject being now relieved of much superfluous and exagge-
rated matter, the course is made clearer to Turkish ap-
prehension, and I trust that the experience of last year,
which certainly was painfttKenough in its most reduced
proportions, will have its effect in contributing to the
success of my endeavours, grounded on the strenuous
exertions of Colonel Williams, and aided by the peon-
niary supplies derived from the loan."

The paper, which Lord Rsdcliffe says he drew
up himself, is a very elaborate and complete state-
ment of the condition of the army at Kars, contain-
ing a series of specific and detailed demands for the
repair of its deficiencies. In a letter of the 28th
Dec. Lord Redoliffe writes to Lord Clarendon :
" It remains for me to say a word respecting my silence
towards Colonel Williams. It has, in truth, continued
longer than I intended. It originated in my anxiety not
to occa,ion disappointment by announcing measures
which might or might not be carried into effect. I knew
that, durin; the winter season, little, comparatively,
could be done; and I preferred, under the pressure of
business flowing in abundantly from other sources, to
give my correspondent an answer in full, rather than
keep up a succession of partial communications."

The ambassador encloses in this communication
an enumeration of the demands put forward by
Col. Williams, and which he (Lord Redoliffe) had
successfully enforced on the Porte. They refer to
the reeall, displacement, nomination, and promo-
tion of officers, including the commander-in-chief,
and the advancement of Col. Williams himself to a
position of influence and authority with the army.
In a despatch dated Jan. 11, Lord Clarendon re-
grets the silence which Lord Redcliffe, the natural
protector of Colonel. Williams, shouldhave observed
towards him when "surrounded by robbers and
traitors."'

By the en,' of D3oember, 1854, the diploma of a
Ferik in the Turkish army was sent to Colonel
Williams ; the old commander-in-chief at Kars had
been superseded, and Vassif Pacha was in com-
mand. The corruption and peculation pervading
every department of the army and its auxiliary
services is the theme of nearly all the letters writ-
ten during the intervals of war. Ex pede Ilerculem.
An apothecary at Pent was employed to supply the
army with medical stores. Dr. Sandwith reports
to Colonel Williams :
"M. Della Sulla delivers the medicines at the retail
price of the shops in Constantinople. No control, I sin
told, ;a exercised over him. His interest is to supply as
much as possible; but quack ?leaflets' veicka inOrt4.

" It is not enough for me to know in general terms
that Brigadier• General Williams is a military officer, in-
structed to act as her Majesty's Commissioner with the
army at Kars. It is further desirable that I should
be made acquainted with the extent of his powers on the
spot, with the degree to which he is independent of the
Commander--in-Chief, and how far it is expected by her
Majesty's Government that I shall insist on obedience
to his demands without reference to any doubts enter-
tained of their expediency, either by the Porte or by me.
It appears that the Commissioner asserts in practice a
right of being obeyed without hesitation, whether the
objects of his suggestion■ be the punishment or. removikl
of an officer accused by him, the correction of an abuse,
the introduction of an improvement, or the direction of
a military operation. If such are his powers I know noE
in what he differs from a commander-in-chief, except that
he is net charged with taking the field in person, and
directing the whole of the operations on his single re-
Jionalhility.. The Porte most-certainly does net- puttlair
construction on the authority with which he is invested,
nor have I so read my instructions as to ask for more on
his behalf than a fair reliance on his judgment in mat-
ters affecting the administration of an army, a respec.-
ful attention to his advice and suggestions for the pro-
motion of its efficiency, and that amount of confidence
as to military movements and plans which ought to be
inspired by the intimate relations subsisting between the
respective Governments. Observing in your lordship's
instruction to General Williams that be is directed to
maintain the most friendly relations with the Turkish
officers, I venture to ask whether the tone which he has
assumed towards them, the abruptness of his charges,
the violence of his threats, the dictatorial spirit which,
according to his own account, has generally characterised
his proceedings, can be said to correspond with that in-
tention, or to favour those dispositions to reform which
it is our object to produce no less at Kars than through-
out the Turkish empire. We should be inconsistent with
ourselves if we sought to trample down what remains of
Turkish independence."
Another reference to General Williams's authority
occurs in a message from Rescbid Paella, who sends
word to Lord Radcliffe (Despatch 136) :
" The British commissioner has a right to be consulted
on matters immediately connected with the army in ge-
neral, hut not to interfere with orders issued direct from
the'Porte to its own officers on internal questions."
On the 25th January, 1855, General Williams
still complains of Lord Redcliffe's silence, and ex-
claims :

" What could I not have done in the shape of reform,
had even a note from Lord Stratford and an order from
the Seraskier reached me by the return of the first
Turkish post, which was then as regular in its arrival
as that between London and Constantinople."

As to the reforms obtained by Lord Redcliffe of
the Porte, he says :
"My recent reports show that the army of Kars re-
mains without a single reform but that which has been
worked by a commissioner unacknowledged, though
feared, by the base man who commanded it, and by those
equally despicable officers who are still, at the end of
January, 1855, at the head of its various regiments and
corps."

In a report addressed to Lord Redclin by M.
Pisani, occurs the following passage, illustrating
the feeling entertained towards General Williams at
the Turkish Ministry at War. The date •is May
15, 1855
this the Seraskier answered, that all this was very
well, but that he wanted to know, for his information and
guidance, whether General Williams was actually the
commander-in-chief of the Kars army, and by whose au-
thority he a-sutned the command. I said that General
Williams was not the commauder-in-chief of the army,
but her Majesty's commissioner, and as such it was his
bounden duty to keep his Government informed of every-
thing going on in that quarter,
The campaign, which ended with the fall of Kars,
was about this time commencing. On the 3d of
June General Williams writes to Lord Clarendon :

" If the Russians leave Georgia to attack Kars, it
would show that our spies and travellers have under-
rated the:r strength, or that they find no succour coreirg
to-us .itli r E.v,u I)4* y 0 or Datown ;0,1)e this as it
MAY, I have now moiithst proiisionala • that gird'.
son, and I tru,t the central Government and the allies
will soon prove to this remnant of an army that it is not
absolutely forgotten by them."
On the 20th Juno Lord Redcliffe writes :

" I went over to the Porte yesterday. The Seraskier
expressed his decided opinion that a body of 10,000 min
might be detached from Batourn without danger to that
establishment, which would still have 4,000 or 2,000 for
its protection. It was proposed, at the same time, that
some vessels of war should be directed to cruise along
the coast of Circassia, and I was requested to submit this
plan to Rear- A.diniral Sir Rimund Lyons, under an itn-
pression that a joint operation, in concert with the
French, would he desirable."
It appears that the Turkish Ministers did not at
this time believe in the possibility of maintaining.
Kars, and looked forward to a retreat upon Erze-
TOlllll.

On the IGth of June the first attack on Kars was
by the Russians. On the 30th of June a
council of Turkish Ministers was held, when Lord
Redeliffe was present. He writes of Kars :

" It appears from the English statements that the de-
fences of the fortress were deemed to be of considerable
strength, that the place was provisioned for a month,
and that the Turkish army may be estimated at 18,000
men. It was clear to all present, that whether the
Rim'dans besieged or turned Kars, the Turkish army re-
quired an effort to be made for its relief with all practi-
cable de-patch, and that of three possible modes of act-
ing for that purpose, the only one likely to prove effec-
tive was an expedition by Kutais into Georgia. To
send reinforcements by Trebizond would be at best a
palliative. Tu establish an entrenched camp at Re-
clout Kaich would at this unhealthy season be equiva-
lent to consigning the troops to destruction. The real
question was, whether a force numerically sufficient, and
in all respects effective, could be collected in time at
Kutais to make an excursion iuto Georgia and threaten
the communications of the Russian army, Wacing it in-
deed between two hostile forces should the Turkish army
still be in a condition to take the field. It was for the
Turkish ministeri to solve this problem, and they pro-
peeed that the expeditionary force should be composed
of 12,000 men trim Bitterne and the aeighbooriug sta-
tions ; of the troops made over to General Vivian, and
estimated at 10,000 of all arms ; of General Beatson'e
Irregular Cavalry; of 10,000 men to be detached from
the army in Bulgaria as the complement of the Turkish
Ceutingent ; of 5,000 more derived from the same
source ; of an Egyptian regiment of horse now here,
and of another regiment expected from Tunis. To these
the Seraskiar proposed
.to add 2,000 Albanians by way
of riflemen. These several forces completed, according
to the figures, would present a total of 44,400 men, not
perhaps to be ,reckoned with prudence at more than
36,000 effectivee."

Lord Redeliffe called attention to the importance
of not exposing the Turkish Contingent, or Gen.
Beatsou's Horse, prematurely to a trial beyond
their strength. The Seraskier reported that no
aid was to be expected from the population of
Mingrelia after the events of the previous year.
The Porte proposed to give the command of the
army to General Vivian. This general was invited
on the following day to give his opinion, andi
asked for exact details of the means on which
he might reckon of transport inland. They
could not be given, and he said it was one thing to
throw an army on a coast, and another to feed and
move it. He was asked then to make out a list of
what would be required.
In a despatch dated July 13, Lord Clarendon
condemns the whole scheme. He said :

"It would be in the greatest degree imprudent to
throw on an unwholesome coast, without means.of land
transport, without any certainty of provisions, without
an assured communication with the rear, without an ac-
curate knowledge of the country to be traversed, or the
strength of the enemy to be encountered, and with the
probability of a hostile population, 40,000 men, hur-
riedly collected from various quarters, imperfectly disci-
plined, doubtfully armed and equipped, and as yet un-
organised, and to expose them at once to all the hazards
and difficulties of a campaign against a Russian army.
They would fall ill between Redout Kaleh and Kutais,
and be defeated between Kutais and Tiflis."

He advised that reinforcements should be sent to
Trebizond, and thence to Erzeroum
"If the army at Kars cannot maintain that position
against the Russians' it should fall back upon Erze-
roum, and the whole Turkish force should be concentrat-
ed there. If the Russians are to be defeated, it will be
easier to defeat them by the whole force collected, than
by divided portions of that force ; and the defeat would
be the more decisive the further it took place within the
'Pinkish frontier."
On the 14th of July Lord Panmure wrote to
Gen. Vivian on the plan proposed by the Porte :
" It is too late to regret the policy which has left Bri-
gadier-General Williams and his army exposed to such
straits ; but it would be only opening the way to fresh
failure to follow out such schemes as have been proposed
for the purpose of relieving him."
In the middle of June Omer Pacha sent to the ge-
nerala and admirelecommanding-in-chiet the French

plan of Omer-Par,ha,. ar-submiittetttp the
conference, was characterised -by its 'author as a
powerful diversion from Redout Kaleh, and its ob-
ject, as described by its author, was to " menace
thence the communication of the Russians, and so
oblige them to abandon the siege of Kars. "The pro-
ject found favour at Constantinople, and Lord Cla-
rendon was of opinion that Omer Pacha should be at
liberty to employ his troops as his Government might
think fit. To Lord Cowley he wrote regretting
that the French Governinent should oppose the
expedition, and stating that her Majesty's Govern-
mentd doubt whether it were wise, even if
they had the right to do so, to object to the adop-
tion of such a course by the Porte, since the void
by the withdrawal of Omer Paella's troops from
the Crimea might be filled up by sending Vivian's
Contingent to either Balaklava or Eupatoria. On
the 4th of Aug. Lord Cowley replied by telegraph :
"The French Government will not oppose the pro-
jected expedition to Asia Minor, under Omer Pasha,
provided that the numbers of the Turkish Contingent
before Sebastopol are not diminished."
On the same day Lord Clarendon telegraphed to
Lord Redcliffe

" Omer Pacha can go to relieve Kars provided he
does not diminish the Turkish troops before Sebastopol,
or disturb the garrison of Yenikale. Desire Vivian to
hold himself in readiness to go to Eupatoria with his
Turkish Contingent."
The French Emperor's opinion of Omer Paella's
diversion is thus intimated iu a despatch from Lord
Cowley to Lord Clarendon, dated Aug. 29

"The Emperor has no objection to the removal of the
Turkish troops from Balaklava, and to tieir being re-
placed by others, provided that the allied commanders-
in-chief have no objection ; but he will not take upon
himself the responsibility of saying more."
Omer Pacha was exceedingly anxious to take
with him to Asia the troops before Sebastopol, as
bailie a more homogeneous and better trained corps
than that at Enpatoria ; but General Simpson pro-
tested against the exchange of those troops for the
Contingent. The fall of Sebastopol put an end to
these difficulties and delays. On the 13th of Oc-
tober news reached Constantinople of the glorious
repulse of the Russians before Kars, on the 29th
Sept. On the 12th of Oct. following General
Williams was writing to Lord Reddliffe :
" Notwithstanding the severe defeat experienced by tbe
enemy, he still blockades us closely, and the erection
of huts in his camp this morning shows that he intends
to continue this course. He knows that all our cavalry
horses and the great majority of the Artillery horses are
dead of starvation, and that we cannot take the field
he is also aware that cholera inflicts severe losses on us,
which are aggravated bylthe difficulty we;have:of burying
the horses. Under these circumstances I address these
few lines to your Lordship, with a hope that such repre-
sentations may be instantly made to General Omer, to
act with vigour and decision against Georgia ; otherwise,
in spite of our brthiant victory we must ultimately fall
into the enemy's hands."
On the 6th of November Gen. Williams writes:—
"I hope Omer Pacha is acting like a brave and
palan47, 194_ .414 L, ce.mll,lo.ink,Otat tbak.ctom-
*itn -pay*-noc,refoWtb his letters. ‘s:'Qtr.tite
of November, Lord Redcliffei'bids M. Pisani ex-
press to the Turkish government " the regret
which I feel at the apparent inefficiency of Omer
Paella's movements, at his neglecting to communi-
cate by Batouna with Kars." At the same time
Omer Pacha was entreating the ministers at Con-
stantinople to send him every available trausport
horse. The Seraskier exonerated Omer Pacha
from the blame cast on him by Lord Redcliffe,
and said—

"AU this requires money for its execution. The
treasury is much embarrassed, and unless 100,000 purses
or 50,000,000 of piastres are paid them on account, out
of the luan, every operation must be stopped. Omer
Pacha demands money, Vas;if Pacha likewise, and the
ccuntuanler at Eupatoria. B,sides, the grain merchants
and others refuse to give provisions notes] they be paid
reedy money. Under these circumstances, both the
Grand Vizier and Fuad Pacha urgent'y beg of your
Excellency to be so good as to take their demand into
duo consideration, and issue oriers to the proper quar-
ter."

General Mansfield gives an account of an int, r-
view he had with the Seraskier at this time (No-
ceinher 25.)
" Is conclusion, his Excellency turned round to me
and said that I was as well aware as ho of the continu-
ous exertion made to help the garrison by him, but that
front the first we bad been agreed on the neces,ity of a
large and well-combined eff,rt. That Omer Pacha had
been delayed by causes over which, unfortunately, he
could exercise no control. It was as affair of the Alliance.
It had all along been understood that such measures ah
it was in their power to take without the army which
had been detained in the Crimea, would not suffice for
the object in view : still they had persevered, as in duty
bound. His Excellency then proceeded to tell one, with
much force, that the 'rinks were absolutely debarred
front executing what was necessary for the prosecution
of the campaign, by the de!ay in giving them the advan-
tage of the loan. The grain, to the amount of 1,000,000
of'kiloes, bought by him for the service of the army, was
not for,varded to the coast because they could not pay
for it."
General Mansfield added his own conviction that
in a supply of money lay alone the chance of re-
lieving Kars.
Meanwhile General Williams was straining every
nerve to feed the garrison and town, and induce
Selina Pacha to join him with his forces ; but nei-
ther persuasions nor orders would induce this man
to move : to every solicitation he replies with a
promise, which is never fulfilled. Au order was
sent from the Port to advance at all hazards, with
the assurance that he would not be held responsi-
ble if his army were lost in the attempt to help the
garrison of Kars.
By the 19th of Nov., Col. Simmons was writing
to Lord Clarendon that Omer Pacha had nct many
more than 20,000 men wherewith to meet the
enemy in an advanced position, and on the 19th of
Dec. Lord Clarendon was impressing on the French
Government the danger to which Outer Pacha was
exposed.
On the 21st of Dec. the Earl of Clarendon re-
ceived from Consul Brant, of Erzerourn, whose zeal
chines through the whole of these papers, a note,
dated Nov. 27, announcing the surrender of Kars.
The fall of this fortress increased the anxiety of
the Porte to strengthen the remains of the Asiatic
army, but on the 10th of December we find Gen.
Codrington writing to Lord Redcliffe
:
" I wrote to Marshal Pelissier in the general tone of
your letter, expressing to hint the great object it seemed
to be to get the Turkish troops to Trebizond, and that,
if done at all, it should be done at once, and offering my
assistance, if I could, by communication with our navy,
to further this object. His answer was, that he could
not consent to their leaving Eupatoria, without the ex.
press sanction of the Emperor of the French."
And Lord Radcliffe replies
4, The Turks are sadly mortified by the embargo which
appears to have been laid on the Egyptian troops at
Eupatoria."
We conclude this examination with an extract
from General Mansfield's memorandum on the
measures taken for the relief of Kars since his arri-
val at Constantinople on the 26th of June, 1855.
He says :

" The ambassador never ceased from making the most
urgent representations to the Seraskier and the Porte.
On the receipt of every fresh despatch from Kars or
Erzeroum, either M. Pisani or myself was sent to enforce
the necessity of relief. My appearance at the Somas-
kierat might indeed have been considered an ill omen
for the garrison of Kars, so frequently was I obliged to
make the same representation. As may he seen from
my numerous reports of the last four or five months,
there was no want of alacrity on the part of the Turkish
Government. There was a dilemma from which they
sought to extricate themselves, but in vain. They
could only accomplish reinforcements by driblets to the
garrison of Erzeroum, and they were thwarted by the
apathy of their own commanders. If I may be allowod
to offer An opinion on the real cause of Ulf dOltroue

On the first day of the session very little is done
in these colonies. The speech is read by the
Speaker, and ordered to be printed ; then, instead
of moving the address in answer to the speech as
in England, a select committee is appointed, con-
sisting of members from both sides of the house,
to prepare the draught of an address. This draught
is reported a few days after (in this case on Tues.
day, as the house does not meet on Saturdays or
Mondays), and then debate takes place, but seldom
to the extent it does in England. Under the new
constitution the English practice will probably be
adopted, as more consistent with a responsible
Ministry.
There is one fact connected with the new mem-
bets for the diggings which deserves notice, and
which may very considerably affect the future of
the colony. I may here remind your readers that
the new act giving to the several mining districts
power to return members adds eight elected mem-
bers and four nominees to the house. Some of
your readers will remember that one of the un-
caught leaders of the Ballarat insurrection was one
Peter Lalor, an Irishman. A reward was offered
of 4001. for his capture, and it was said that the
Government knew of his whereabouts, but that
they had captured more than the law officers of
the Crown could successfully deal with, and after
the first acquitt d Peter Lalur was left to his own
devices. He was wounded in the attack on the
stockade, and has, I hear, had his arm amputated
at the socket. This is the new member for Bal-
larat, and his leadership in the insurrection and.
his lost arm—" lost (of course) in defence of the
liberties of the country"—now constitute his poli-
tical capital.
I am not aware what his qualifications for a
member are • his friends and countrymen say he is
a man. of intelligence and of some power as a
speaker. But speaking to a mob is not the best
training,for legislative debate. Everybody wanted
to see this Peter Lalor, and many anxious inquiries
were whispered about him. I doubt very much
whether any constituency in the colony would have
deliberately recorded their solemn approval of in-
surrection, excel). Ballarat. But even there we
meat accept the Governor's testimony that con-
tent and satisfaction prevail.

It is not the intention of the Government to in-
troduce any bills, except such as are absolutely
necessary. Among those an. anKfor the - registra-
tion of voters awl an act for'the prevention of
bribery are, as it were, conditions precedent to
the first working of the new constitution. The
other Government bills merely provide for the
keeping alive of certain expiring laws. There is
also a disposition among; members not to prolong
the session by the introduction of new measures,
and the only bills likely to be brought in are one,
or perhaps two, for the amendment of the admi-
nistration of the law ; one for the adaptation to
this colony of the Common Law Protedure Acts of
1852 awl 1854 ; and ono for the introduction, with
the necessary modifications, of the the English
Trustees Act. The Estimates will, it is said be
passed for six months only. This seems to me to
be no more than a becoming abstinence on the part
of the present Council—consisting, as it does, of
22 nominees, of whom 11 are official and 11 non-
official members ; and of 44 representative mem-
bers, of whom 20 were elected when the population
was under 80,000—about one-fourth of the present
population ; l6 more when the population was
about 160,000 or 180,000, and the remaining eight
recently by the milling constituencies, the new
elements not being represented.
A large meeting has been held in Astley's Am-
phitheatre to take steps for the repeal of the grant
of 50,0001. for the several religious denominations.
The Independents will accept no aid, the Presby-
terians object to it, so do the Wesleyans. The
members of the Church of England are divided
upon it, on grounds of expediency, not conscience;
while the Roman Catholics desire its continuance.
I do not know whether the question will be mooted
this session, but it will be carried in the new Le-
gislature.
The gold brought down by escort this week is
45,809 oz. The market is without change.

MELBOURNE, Nov. 24.—Yesterday the GovernOr
opened the last session of the present Council. As
the same day was chosen to proclaim the new eon.
stitution, a good deal of interest was evinced in the
ceremony. Moreover, there was some curiosity to
see what sort of folk would come up as representa-
tives for the new mining constituencies. I believe
some people expected to find in the " diggers"
members some rude, unwashed fellows, with un-
shaven faces, clothed in " jumpers," with revolvers
in the broadbelts, and short black pipes in their
mouths, so' that when one or two prelinly-diessed,
sober-looking citizens came up to take the oaths
there was a little disappointment. The house was
filled with ladies—the wives of members and others
—that hon. members were obliged to creep -into
holes and corners, sit on the steps of the Speaker's
platform, or get out of the way aOssksirycoui4.,
-TM3---strungerte AfelleiritiiiVjte—Wotters' gallery
were both full ; indeed, I never saw greater evi-
dence of intense interest on any previous occasion.
There was also a, greater crowd out of doors than
usual. The day of the proclamation of the new
constitution had been proclaimed a holiday. The
shops as well as the public offices were closed. The
Supreme Court did not sit, so that to-day counts
as the ikird day of term instead of yesterday.
After the delivery of the speech there was a _gentle
but very general and unmistakeable expression of
applause from hon. members, and when the Gover-
nor left the house he was well received outside by
the crowd.