The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-04 00:00:00

WHEAT.

1858. 1859. 1860.
States. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels.
New York 20,000,000 .. 22,000,000 .. 25,000,000
Pennsylvania 2O 000,000 .. 25,000,000 .. 25,000,000
Virginia and North 1 18,500,000 .. 20,000,000 .. 18,000,000
Carolina
Kentucky 8 500,000 .. 11,000,000 .. 9,000,000
Ohio 22,000,000 .. 26,000,000 .. 28,000,000
Indiana 13,000,000 .. 17,000,000 .. 19,000,000
Illinois 14,500,000 .. 20,000,000 .. 25,000,000
Other States 42,000 000 .. 69,000,000 .. 80,000,000

Total 158,500,000 .. 200,000,000 .. 229,000,000
" The increase in the other States is chiefly ini
Wisconsin and Michigan, the first producing this
year about 16,000,000 bushels, and the latter about
14,000,000 bushels.
" The production in the Western States, which
have the largest surplus for export, is shown by the
following figures:—

1858. 1859. 1860.
States. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels.
Kentucky .. .. .. 8,500,000 .. 11,000,000 .. 9,000,000
Ohio • • .. .. .. 22,000,000 .. 26,000,000 .. 28,000,000
Indiana .. .. .. 13,000,000 .. 17,000,000 .. 19,000,000
Illinois .. .. .. 14,500,000 .. 20,000,000 .. 25,000,000
Wisconsin & Michigan .. .. 30,000,000

Total .. .. 58,000,000 .. 74,000,000 ..111,000,000
"The surplus for the present year in these States
may be estimated as follows :

Bushels.
Crop, 1860 .. • • • • • • • . .. .. .. .. 111,000,000
Consumption, 4 bushels per head .. .. .. 50,000,000

Surplus crop 1860 .. .. .. ..

.. 61,000,000

" It is estimated that, in addition to this, from
one-sixth to one-fifth of the surplus crop of 1859 is
yet in the hands of the producers. We therefore
have in the States, estimating last year's surplus
crop of the West at 36,000,000 bushels as the
gross—

Surplus, crop of 1860 ..
Sixteen 2-3 per cent. on 1859 ..

Bushels.
.. .. 61,000,000
.. .. 6,000,000

Total for export .. .. ..

.. 67,000,000

"The transportation of this at 40c. per bushel
will give nearly 26,000,000 dols. to our canals and
railroads.
"It is yet too soon to form any estimate of the
export of wheat and flour for the year, but from
present indications it will not be much less than
30,000,000 bushels.
" We shall have an idea of the available surplus
in case of high prices by taking the consumption
and loss at five bushels for each person. The actual
consumption is perhaps not over 4 or 41--, bushels,
'but in seasons of plenty seed used in manufactur-
ing, loss in harvesting, &c., diminish the actual
surplus.

Bushels.
Product, 1860 .. . • .. 229,000,000
Consumption, five bushels per head .. 155,000,000

Difference .. . • • • • • .. .. 74,000,000
Which is perhaps not in excess of what will be ex-
ported and held over another year.
" All other crops give general returns, and it is
entirely within bounds to put the value of our
staples this year at 2,000,000,000 dols., or about 66
dole. for each person.

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to health."

The Emerald, 51, screw, Capt. A. Cumming, was
placed in No. 7 dock yesterday at Portsmouth, for
examination and repairs.
The Medea, 6, paddle, has been hauled out of the
steam basin at Portsmouth, and berthed alongside
the north wall, where she will coal prior to testing
machinery, &c.
The Clara, hired troopship, arrived at Spithead
last evening from Calcutta, from which port she
sailed on the sth of May, calling at St. Helena, and
sailing thence on the 21st of July. The Clara brings
the head-quarters of the Bth (King's Own) Regi-
ment, comprising Brevet Lieut.-Col. A. C. Robert-
son, Capt. A. T. Welch, Lieuts. R. Y. Stokes, A.
G. Westby, J. M. Hughes, and C. D. Baynes ; En-
signs R. Chute, J. G. Brown, C. B. Crease, A. Cook,
and J. P. Jones ; Assist.-Surg. W. H. Yates, Quar-
termaster John Keatridge, 291 non-commissioned
officers and privates, and 11 women and 19 children.
She has also on board belonging to various corps,
principally time-expired men for discharge, 37 non-
commissioned officers and privates,l2 women and 13
0„,i1dreN...34.841 Icing's Own embarked at Ports-
mouth for Bombay in April, 1846. Out of 34 officers
and 868 non • commissioned officers and men who were
present with the colours when the regiment em-
barked, only 6 officers and 110 non-commissioned of-
ficers and men are now borne on the muster-roll of
the battalion. During the service of the regiment
in Hindostan the kingdoms of the Punjab and
Oude, and the seaboard provinces of the Burmese
empire, have been added to her Majesty's Indian
empire. The King's Own did not form part of the
force employed in the Punjab, nor of that employed
in the Burmese campaign ; but during the whole of
the late terrible struggle with the mutinous Sepoys
of the Bengal army, and with the insurgent popu-
lation of Oude, from the time the first atrocities
were committed in May, 1857, until the last shot
was fired in February, 1859, the regiment was con-
stantly in the field, and in the most notable achiev-
ments of these 20. months it bore a conspicuous
part. The ship awaits crders at Spithead as to the
disembarcation of the troops. Twelve men, two
women, and four children have died• on the passage
home,

A letter received from an officer on board the
Royal Mail steamship Mersey, dated "Rio de
Janeiro, August 5," gives the following intelli-

gence: --

"Ships left in port at Buenos Ayres—her Majes-
ty's steamer Oberon, the United States brig Dol-
phin and surveying steamer Argentina, the Spanish
brig General Valdez, the Brazilian gunboat Parna-
hiba, and two Buenos Ayres war steamers, one of
which is the late Royal Mail steamer Camilla, now
their flag-ship. At Montevideo.—Her Majesty's
steamer Curacoa, to sail immediately for Madonado
for exercise ; the French gunboatD'Entrecastreaux,
the. Brazilian corvette Imperial Mariners, and one
gunboat. Ships Spoken by the Mersey.—July 11,
in lat. 31.20 S., long. 50.30 W., the schooner King-
fisher, of Kingston, bound south ; July 31, 30 miles
east of Montevideo, the Bremen bark Amaranth,
bound west. This last week we have experienced
very heavy thunderstorms, much rain, and thick
fogs ; the fags have prevailed in the river the whole
month. The comet was visible through a pair of
opera-glasses up to the end of July, since which it
has been clouded ; it wal then in the vicinity of
the Southern Cross."

The screw steamship Sanspareil, 70, Capt. Arthur
P. E. Wilmot, C.B , flag of Rear Admiral of the
Red Charles Talbot, arrived at Plymouth Sound on
Sunday evening.
The paddlewheel steam tender Avon, Second
Master Commanding G. Day, from Portsmouth,
with one officer and some seamen passengers, ar-
rived at Plymouth on Sunday, and proceeded at
once to the floating coal depot to fill up.
By a general regimental order dated the 31st ult.,
issued by Col. C. Bingham, Deputy-Adjt.-General,
the following information relative to the Royal Ar-
tillery has been promulgated :
_ _

The following exchanges have been sanctioned—
viz., between Lieut.-Col. J. Travers, of the 15th
Brigade, and Lieut.-Col. S. Cleaveland, of the Bth
Brigade; between C'ptain and Brevet-Major Sin-
clair, of the 4th Brigade, and Captain and Brevet-
Major Penn, of the 14th Brigade; between Captain
and Brevet-Major A. Lennox, of the 10th Brigade,
and Captain W. J. Wilson, of the 3d Brigade; be-
tween Captain and Brevet-Major C. J. Oldershaw,
of the Bth Brigade, and Captain W. Morris, of the
11th Brigade ; between Second Captain C. E. Stir-
ling, of the 9th Brigade, and Second Captain C. W.
Wilson, of the 15th Brigade ; and between Lieut.
Webber, of No. 3 Battery, and Lieut. Maunsell, of
No. 7 Battery, 15th Brigade.
Second Captain E. C. Vaugham, to be Adjutant,
by augmentation ; Second Captain F. G. Bayley, to
be Adjutant, vice Morris, promoted.

Lieut. Cobbold is transferred from No. 3 Battery,
7th Brigade, to No. 2 Battery, 2d Brigade, and is to
return to England to join the latter. To be Majors
in the army—Captain N. NU lnnes Mackay, Captain
J. C. Childs.
His Royal Highness the General Commanding-
in-Chief has, with the concurrence of the Secretary
of State for War, sanctioned the appointment of
battery armourers for the field brigades of artillery,
whose duty will be to repair the Armstrong guns.
The Secretary of State for War, by letter dated
Aug. 4, 1860, has approved of unserviceable guns
being marked with a cross on the upper art of the
face, and a second cross immediately below the
broad arrow, in order to prevent unserviceable ord-
nance,when in use for drill purposes, being mistaken
for service guns. Officers commanding Royal Artil-
lery will therefore take the necessary steps to cause
these marks to be cut accordingly.
We regret to announce the death of Major-Gen.
Henry Frederick Lockyer, K.H., late Com-
mander-in-Chief of the forces in Ceylon, and acting
Lieut.-Governor. The deceased officer entered the
army in 1813, and served in the Peninsular cam-
paign with the 71st Regiment from Aug., 1813, to
the end of the war, including the battles of Nivelle,
Nive, Orthes, Aire (where he was severely wounded),
and Toulouse, besides all the minor affairs after the
army entered France. In May, 1854, he sailed for
the Piraeus, in command of the British contingent
directed in conjunction with a French foi:ce for the
occupation of Greece. In the November following
he joined the army in the Crimea, and was placed
in command of the 2d Brigade, 2d Division, and
remained with the army the whole of the winter and
spring of 1854-55. He received the war medal with
three clasps and the crimean medal and clasp for
Sebastopol, was an officer of the Legion of Honour,
and 3d class of the Medjidie.
Commander Edward Wm. Garrett died suddenly
on Sunday morning at Greenwich Hospital. This
gallant old officer was wounded when lieutenant of
the Mars, at Trafalgar, and was in the same ship at
the capture of the frigate Ellin and four others. He
was at the taking of Copenhagen in 1807, and senior
lieutenant of the Onyx at the capture of the Dutch
s a ppoin ed a
t
brig-of-war Manly in 1809. He wa
commander in Greenwich Hospital April, 1844.

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Ales jacta est—the die is casTt.Ulleur,gAovtretn. 3moe.
nt
has deemed it to be necessary for itself and advan-
tageous to the whole of Europe to come forth out
of the diplomatic shilly-shallying, and to prevent
Naples from becoming, upon the fall of the Bourbon
throne, a prey to anarchy, which might for a brief
moment gratify the self•love and visionary schemes
of some Mazzinians, but wo'ild result in the tri-
umph of a reaction. The Neapolitan army is either
conquered or broken up; the people are proclaiming
Victor Emmanuel, which means that they are still
faithfully attached to the monarchical principle, and
they do not desire to call in any foreigner to occupy
their homes. Were we to delay responding to their
call, the monarchical principle might suffer ship-
wreck in the midst of the tempest, or a French
prince might turn the interregnum to his own pro-
fit. For these reasons the Piedmontese Bersaglieri
are to land forthwith from the Sardinian ships in
the capital of the kingdom for the purpose of pre-
serving order, and afterwards Gen. Lamarmora is
to arrive with thirty thousand men, and to re-
organise the decomposed army. If the rapid con-
veyance of so large a force should be impossible,
the Pope,will be asked to allow a passage through
his dominions. The Pope conceded this passage to
the AuStrians in 1821, and again to the Neapoli-
tans in 1848, and now .he cannot refuse it to us.
Austria will not be touched, but she must cease
making Ancona her military port. All the liberals
have applauded this project, which was communi-
cated to the public two days ago. It is only Maz-
zini's organs that oppose it, because they see that
the monarchical principle will acquire fresh splen-
dour in Italy by this act. That party does not com-
prehend the spirit of the age ;it remains ;there g2d
and loves itself rather than the nation. Tne ques•
tion now is, what will be Lamorieiere's line of con-
duct in consequence of this unexpected determina-
tion of our government P It is difficult to divine
what it will be, but I believe, that yesterday, in the
council of ministers' presided over by the King,
after Farini had stated the result of his journey to
Chambery and of his short interview with the Em-
peror, this very question was started, and suitable
provision was made for every case. This morning
the cabinet met again. Ministers are quite in con-
cord, and the King is displaying greater solicitude
than ever for the affairs of the state. The camps of
instruction, which were to have been opened in the
early part of September, are to be foregone this
year, seeing that a part of the army must now set
out on its march, and•part must hold itself in readi-
ness for whatever events may happen.
Thus Garibaldi's enterprise, which has already
kindled so much sympathy in noble England, will
have achieved a prompt success as regards the Two
Sicilies, and perhaps also for a part of the popula-
tions who are still subjected to the harsh and anar-
chical government of the Pope.
We have here at Turin some more English officers
or gentlemen, who are full of enthusiasm for Gari-
baldi. They are about to leave for the Calabrias,
being desirous of making his acquaintance, and of
assisting him if necessary.
The letter of the Count of Syracuse, which I sent
you three days ago, was made known here to the
public this morning, and it has produced a great
sensation. I have now to inform you that a second
letter has been addressed by him to our King, in
which he recognises him henceforth as the Sove-
reign of Italy, and he prays the King to occupy
Naples without delay, in order that civil war and
anarchy may be prevented.
In the meantime the King of Naples will proceed
to Gaeta, and there shut himself up, yet indulging
some hope. He thinks that by continuing to hold
Gaeta and the citadel of Messina he can say that he
still possesses the Two Sicilies, and that no one can
take possession of his throne without being con-
sidered an usurper. But even supposing that after
Naples, with the entire kingdom, shall have declared
for Victor Emmanuel—as Sicily has already done
—the soldiers of Messina and Gaeta should remain
faithful to him, can he then be called the King ? Had
some foreign enemy expelled him, he might be con-
sidered as still the King ; but when driven out by
his own people, and by the whole people of Italy,
he has, according to the true law of nations,
ceased to reign. The legal fiction, the diplomatic
title, has no longer any validity in his case; it
would be merely brute force applied to this case
that could impose him on the people; but the
civilisation of our age has made such progress that
even this resource will be denied him.

I say that he is going to Gaeta; beeause such was
his project a few days ago ; but the last declaration
of his generals has very probably induced him to
change his mind and go direct to Vienna or Monaco
or Madrid.

Whilst the King of Naples will take ship for the
purpose of leaving his lovely bay, our Government
is hiring every transport it can find, our own ves-
sels of war not being sufficiently numerous, for part
of them are already occupied elsewhere. Two large
steamers of the late Transatlantic Company have
been already taken up ; one of them, the best of
the two, is called the Count Cavour, a name of
good omen, as the real Count Cavour has navigated
the diplomatic waters hitherto with pretty good
success, though he was once forced to throw over-
board a Dart of his cargo in order to save the ship.
I mean Sqvoy and Nice, which yet might have
been preserved, and not left a prey to the corsairs,
if others had borne down to his assistance.
Notwithstanding the declarations she has made
to our Government and to that of France, will
Austria remain a passive looker on ? Here every
one is asking what she means to do, and perhaps
the question may be capable of being answered in
ten days or a fortnight hence. Few here believe
in her declarations ; but there are very many who
believe that Hungary will cbmpel her to be, at
least for the present, more prudent than is her
wont.

(From the Daily News.)

The letter which we publish to-day from our
correspondent at Turin (whose information, as our
readers are by this time aware, is seldom at fault)
will be read with anxious interest by every friend
of Italy in a country where the friends of Italy are
the public. We have for several days past abstained
from any passing comment upon the rapid succes-
sion of events in the South of the Peninsula, which
even the telegraph has been obliged to report in-
termittently, between sullen fits of silence and
malignant puffs of rumour. It was hardly worth
while to shake the rotten fruit from a tree nodding
to its fall. In truth, in any grand catastrophe
there is something that demands respect ; even in
the retributive agony of the wretch who suffers for
his crime this morning there is an appeal to human
pity, and the headlong ruin of a dynasty steeped in
cruelties and scarred with perjuries astonishes and
saddens by the very force of contrast. The
triumphant march of Garibaldi to the capital oaths
Neapolitan kingdom is enough to persuade ty
of the living presence of Divine justice in this
us
world ; it is not only the collapse of an infareoto
throne, but the awakening of an entire p P
national life. This is not an ordinal
re-
volution, a riot unrepressed,
a 8*
°ivs more like the
flight, a Government dismissed;
theit
stillness of an
goglni ter; ault rteo-
break-up of a pack of ice in e
rumbling,Arcti e winter;s
hi,t and there, disruption; a
an
-0 moment an
upheaving all around; one icy prison,
buoyant
the next a bursting and immensity of
ailoosdeinsrligut.bioere,
relentlessly
waters, hurrying allentlessly away.the
Count Cavour, who for last six months has
been the second best abused man in Europe, has
vindicated the
rare acuteness and
once more fore-
sight of his
statesmanship,
by
seizing at a glance
the moment for vigorous.. and decisive action, Baffled
and battered by diplomatic warnings on one side,
and by factious excesses on the other ; assailed for irresponsible his caution by patriots, and for his
' revolutionary sympathies by despotic Powers; un-
willing to sacrifice his country or his cause to alien
exigencies; unwilling to compromise both by suf-
fering rashness to
prevail, the Prime Minister of
the Italian kingdom has held his prudent and
unswerving course right on against calumny,
menace, and intrigue; heedless of the idle breath
of popular applause, tenacious of his purpose, con-
fident and calm in his resolve. To take the happy
metaphor sent us from Turin, Count Cavour has
navigated the State committed to his care through
a channel strewed with wrecks, and choked with
sunken rocks, without for a moment losing his pre-
sence of mind. True, he has had t 9 throw overboard
a precious part of a valuable cargo to save the rest;
but it was in dire extremity, no other aid at hand.
It were an injustice, from which this great
Minister may securely appeal to history, to forget
that it is to his masterly policy that Italy owes
her life to-day ; to the Minister who sent a Pied-
montese contingent to the Crimea, and represented
Italy in the Congress of Paris, it is due that Italy
moves and has her being as a nation, with an
army, a navy, a parliament, a flag, a constitution,
a throne, and a Garibaldi. For if a Cavour had
not built up an Italy in the North, there would now
be no Italy in the South to fight for. Honour to
the stainless patriot hero! Honour to the high-