The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-25 00:00:00

N' 21,355.

CONTRACT F(1`,11 ELM TIMBER.
Dcpanment of the Storekeeper-General
of the Navy,
Somerset-place, 22d Dec., 1860.
THE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING the
OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the UNITED
KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, DO
HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, That on TUESDAY, the
15th January Ili xt, at Two o'clock, they will be ready to treat
with such Persons as may be willing to CONTRACT for
,upplying her Majesty's several Dockyard, with
IMAMS t )1,.' ENGLISH ELM TIMBER, and
of ELM TIri:ES FOR .I'IIMPS,
felled lietl‘e, 1, the middle of November last and the end of
E,l.ruary rext, and lo be delivered (at prices including all
earrhe, aid othcr exp-nses, by the :tot, November, It 6i.
T,„,ler- may Te made for the supply of any one or more of
tl:e Vitt ds. or for the iv hole of them.
A di, t,fte t -on a a form of :he Tender may be obtained
at the ottiee. No tender will be received after Two
,h,loek on he day of reaty, nor wi ,I any be d miles the
part:. tato-, :s, or an agent for liim.luly authorised in writing.
v tendur mvst b., addressed to the Secretary of the
:/1,1 iwqr in the left-hand corner the words
" Teo:( r for Elm Timb.,r," and must also be delivered it
as,companied by a letter signed by two re-
sponsible persons, engaging to become bound with the person
tendering, in the sum of XI per load for the due performance
of the Contract.

A.D. 1720.

ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
CORPORATION
(Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First)

FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES.
Offices, Royal Exchange, London.
Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall.
OCTAVIUS WIGRA3I, Esq., Governor.
GEORGE PEARKES BARCLAY, Esq., Sub-Governor.
Sir JOHN WILLIAM LUBBOCK, Bart., Deputy-Governor.

PUBLICATIONS.

THE MOST MOST ATTRACTIVE GIFT BOOK OF
THE SEASON.

Price. in Cloth 2ls.
in Morocco lls.
in Morocco, bound by Hayday. £2 2s.
ELIZA COOK'S POEMS,
Selected and edited by the Author.
Illustrated with exquisite wood engravings by the brothers
Dalziel, from designs b John Gilbert, flarrison Weir, John
to atson, Duncan, Wolfe, and other celebrated artists. An
excellent Likeness of the Author, from a Photograph by
John Watkins, engraved by Frank Holl, 'forms the frontis-
piece.
" ft is a real treat to see a volume so rich in beauty as this
—a volume in which the sister arts of poetry and painting arc
so fitly represented ; and, therefore, it cannotbe too strongly
or too cordially recommended to all who love both, and
who delight to witness them in such happy combination."—
Obset ver.
" It is not necessary to say more to guarantee the complete-
ness of the work, and we show our appreciation of its merits
by transferring three of the illustrations to our columns."—
Illustrated London News.
Vessrs. Routledge, Warne, and Routicdge, Farringdon-
street.

BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY,
The JANUARY NUMBE It is now ready, containing
THE CONSTABLE OF TIIE TOWER.
An Historical Romance.
By WILLIAM HARRISON AINSWORTH.
Prologue.—Tf,e Will of Henry the Eighth. Chapters I. to VI.
With an Illustration by John Gilbert.
"Sir Thomas Seymour Vowing Fidelity to Prince Edward."
I. The F:tte of Fauriel. By VII. Our Corps' leriends and
Dudley Costello. Foes ; or, How Ran-
11. Paris of To-Day dolph Trapped a Sun-
111. Holi:er Danske and beam and I Turned a
Stark Diderik. Medium. Part I.
IV. Mimetic 11Iusic. By VIII. Gustave Aimard.
14IonkshoOd. IX. Stamboul for Italy.
V. Augustus Caesar : His X. Trials of a Governess.
Court and Companions XI. Sparling Moselle. A
VI. Goethe and Alendels- Legend.

Henry Bainbridge, Esq.
John Garratt Cattley, Esq.
Edwd. 31axwell Daniell, Esq. ,
William Davidson, Esq.
Thomas Dent, Esq.
Alexander Druce, Esq.
Freak. Jos. Edlxnann, Esq.
Charles Farquharson, Esq.
Riverschtle W. Gt.-mien, Esq.
Robt. Amadeus Heath, Esq.
Wm. Tetlow Hibbert, Esq.:
Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq.
Wilmot Holland, Esq.

CHINA-PEKIN.-GREAT GLOBE.-NEW
DIORAMA. of the WAR in CHINA, the City of Pekin,
the Taking of the Taku Forts, Entrance of the Peiho River,
&c., Exhibiting Daily.—Great Globe, Leicester-square.
Admission to the wtole Building, One Shilling.

The Right Hon. the Earl of
and Melville.
Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq.
Sir Jno. Henry Telly, Bart.
Hon. Jose. W. Percy.
Alexander P. Prevost, Esq.
Regnkt F. Remington, Esq.
Wales Robtnam-ISeq.
Wililam Soltau, Esq.
Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P.
'William Wallace, Esq.
Chas. Baring Young, Esq.

London: Richard Bentley, New Burlingon-street.

This Day, price 3s. 6d.,

CARISTMAS HOLIDAYS. NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY ROOMS, 'High Holborn. the most elegant
public establishment in the world, replete with every com-
fort. The dancing area is most extensive. The reading and
smoking rooms oneither side of the spacious galleries are
most commodious, and the refreshment rooms attached to
the ball room are unrivalled even by Oriental beauty. The
band, under the direction of Mr. ?acker, stands alone for its
excellence. Admission. is. N.B.—ln compliance with the
request of the visitors there will be a long night on Wednes-
day. the 26th inst. Doors open at 7.

FINE TEA CHEAPER.
STRADI A N C O.' S
b .OrMa°l3tinTV T•E A
Is now reduced to 4s. per Ib. Guaranteed the }'WEST and
CHEAPEST Tea in the United Kingdom.
26, Cornhill, London, E.C.

Medical Referee, SAMUEL SOLLY, Esq., F.R.S.
NOTICE.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payment of
FIRE PREMIUMS faUng due at Christmas will expire
on 9th January.
FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this
Corporation on advantageous terms.
In the Life Department, assurances are granted with par-
ticipation in Profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such
participation.
The Reversionary Bonus on British Policies has averaged
nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured, or 48 per
cent. upon the Premiums paid.
Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums
payable by persons who preferred that form of Bonus.
The future divisions of Profit will take place every Five
years.
Any sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one
Life.

STANDING ORDERS ON THE ORGANI-
K} ZATION AND INTERIOR ECONOMY OF VOLUN-
TEER CORPS. Compiled by Viscount BURY, late Scots
Fusilier Guards ; Lieut.-Col. Civil Service Regiment of
Volunteers. Published with the Approval of the Secretary
of State for War.
London : John W. Parker and Son, West Strand.

LATEST WORK ON CHINA.
Now Ready, in One Volume, Byo., with Illustrations,
Price 10s. 6d.,

TWELVE YEARS IN CHINA.
By JOHN SCARTII.
"One of the most amusing and original volumes ever pub-

This Corporation affords to the Assured—
Liberal participation in Profits—with exemption from
the liabilities of partnership.
A rate of Bonus equal to the average returns of Mutual
Societies—with the guarantee of a large invested Capital
Stock.
• The advantages of modern practice,—with the security,
of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex-
perience of nearly a CENTURY AND A HALF.
The Corporation have always allowed the Assured to serve
in the Militia, Yeomanry, or Volunteer Corps within the
United Kingdom, free of charge.
ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON.
JOHN A. HIGNAM, Secretary.

lisped on China. The external relations of so vast an empire
are too important to be discussed and dismissed in a para-
graph ' • we therefore advise all those who desire to under-
stand the question to study Mr. Scarth's volume."—Daily
Telegraph.
Edinburgh Edmonston and Douglas. London : Hamil-
ton, Adams, and Co.

$3 RESENTS.— ORNAMENTAL and S CIEN-
T IFIC.— ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
and Dining-room, consisting of anew and elegant assortment
of VA SES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Inkstands,
beautiful inlaid Tables, Paperweights, &c., in Italian,Alabas-
er, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &c. Imported and
manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mineralogist to her
Majesty, 149, Stand, W.C., London.
Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS,
MINERALS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly facilitate
the interesting study of MINERALOGY, CONCHOLOGY,
Ind GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to IQO guineas each.
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE-
RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNANT, at 149, Strand, W.C.

AN EFFECTUAL REMEDY.-LAMBERT'S
ASTHMATIC BALSAM, without confining the bowels
or affecting the head, truly efficacious and pleasant, is ad-
mitted to be the best medicine for immediately relieving
coughs, colds, confirmed cases of asthma, and consumption.
It frequently cures persons whom the faculty pronounce in-
surable, admit abi y allays the tickling which provokes frequent
cou9,hing. In approaching consumption• its effects are truly
beneficial. Persons deprived of sleep, or even lying down for
fear of suffocation, may depend en relief in a few minutes
after taking it. Prepared only and. sold by W. Lambert,
Chemist, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, and by all Druggists
in bottles. 13! d., 2s. 3d., and 4s. 6d. each. Be particular and
ask for Lambert's Asthmatic Balsam.

THE CLOSING of the SUBSCRIPTION to the
250,000 BOND', of the OTTOMAN EMPIRE is fixed
for THURSDAY, Dec. 27. These Bonds are for 500 fr. each,
redeemable at par, issued at 3121 r. 50c., bearing an annual
interest of 10fr., or 9i per cent.
By a contract, dated the 29th October, MO, concluded be-
tween the Ottoman Government and Messrs. 3. Mires and
Co., and ratified by a firman of his Majesty tho Sultan, a loan
has been effected.

POST OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY for
1861, with New Map, now ready, price 368. ; or with
Map mounted on Rollers, coloured and varnished, ss. extra.
POST OFFICE LONDON SUBURBAN
DIRECTORY, now publishing, price 20s.
Kelly and Co., 18 to 22, Old Boswell-court, St. Clement's,
Strand ; and sold by Simpkin and Marshall, and all Book-
sellers.
AN E W

S T 0 R Y,

ANTHONY TROLLOPE, .
Author of " Framley Parsonage," " Barchester Tower,"
&c., will commence in THE LONDON R and
WEEKLY JOURNAL of January 5, the first Number
of the new year. Published every Saturday morning, price
Fourpence unstamped ; supplied by all booksellers and news-
agents.—W. Little, Manager,ll, Southampton-street, Strand.
A sin4le copy sent free by pest for five postage stamps.

THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE
fully explained in J. GROSS3IITFI'S
"GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES."
The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex
perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in busi-
ness has now become the trim torture. Purity of motive,
intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all
is lost. All denominations of Constitutions are carefully
examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin-
ciples."

Second Edition, price One Shilling, post free,

TOOTH-ACHE : its Causes, and a New Painless
Method of Cure (with as much certainty as water
quenches thirst). '1 eeth cured by this patent will never ache
kr,ain, and thus prevent the necessity of the painful operation
of' extraction. By THOMAS HOWARD, Surgeon-dentist
to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury.-17, George-
street, Hanover-square.

Just published, price Is., post free for 14 stamps, with
Photographic Illustrations,

DISEASES OF THE SKIN.
By ROBERT J. JORDAN, M.D.,
Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, dr,c.

Author of " Skin Disea73es and their Remedies,"

Containing the modern treatment for the cure of cutaneous
eruptions, scorbutic affections, superficial and deep-seated
ulcers, torpidity of thecirculatory system, redness, roughness
of the skin, &c.

"This book is, as he has aimed to make it, ' thoroughly use-
ful and practical.' "—Medical Times and Gazette, August
14th, 1860.

Published by John Churchhill. To be had from the Author
only, 29, George-street, Hanover-square, London. At home
from 10 to 2 ; and by appointment.

A New Edition of

THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE.
By JOSEPH KH A.N,
Graduate in Medicine, Surrery, and Midwifery, in the Royal
and Imperial Universities of Vienna, Erlangen, &c. &o.

- _
This popular work (which has been translated into four
different languages) has now gone through forty-one /editions
of 10,000 each, and is designed to impart accurate knowledge
on subjects which involve the means of securing moral and
physical happiness.
Price One Shilling, or free by post (in an envelope) for
eighteen stamps.

CURTIS ON MANHOOD NEW EDITION : .
11.1ETHCAL ESSAY ON NERVOUS AND GENERA-

TIVE DISEASES.

hod Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates.
in a sealed envelope, price is., Sz.old by all Booksellers, and
i•=ent post paid, by the Author, fort 2 stamps,

1,1 ANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
M ATTIRE DECLINE with Plain Directions for
;'ertect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L.
CURTTS, 15, A bermarle-street. Piccadilly, London.

CONTENTS:
INT Ri /IWCTORN VII A PTEIT on the Physiological
~tructure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs.
IT A PTV R Tr.—Camps of Sperznatorrhma and Impotence;
Early Vicious Intli,h!eoces ; fianvers of Neirlect.
("If APT FR T I.—A Review of the various Disqualitioationo;
: whether result-in, from Youthful Abuse,: the
rolln r maturity, the Erects of Climate, or Infection.
Li A I -1.14" TV:- Tl,e Anther's plan of Treatment, Medical
and Moral, belly the result of a successful practice extending
,:,ver a period ni .?t, years.

ell APTF It S 1"1. on the modern Treatment of
tionorrbsea and Syphilis.
The Pool: cowhides with numerous varied and interesting
aces, io which i. addcd the Author's recipe of a preventive
1, ot •

J. Allen, 20, Warwick-lane, Paternoster-row ; or from the
Author's Address, 17, Harley-street, Cavendish -square, W.

DR BUCHAN'S PATENT SUGAR-COATED
VEGETABLY PILLS, VIGETABLE SK IN 0 ENT-
IITENT, and CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE,
for purifying the Blood, Regulating the Bowels, and removing
Vitiated Rumours, Bilious and Liver Complaints, Rheuma-
tism, Grout, Scorbutic Affections, Costiveness, Skin Erup-
tions, deep-seated Ulcers, and all diseases of the Nervous
System, from whatever cause, dm, affording at once a new
lease of life to the sickly and aged of both sexes, whilst in
addition imparting a beautiful and clear complexion, so anxi-
ously sought for by all. Proved by the sworn testimonies
made before the Lord Mayor of London, and sitting Magis-
trates. Sold by Buchan and Co., patentees, 22, Newman-street,
Oxford-street, London, W., and all chemists in town and
country. Prices :—Pills, per box, is. lid.. 2s. 9d., and 118. ;
Ointment, per pot, is. lid., and 2s. 9d. ; Essence, per bottle,
11s., or family bottle containing four times that quantity, 338.
Agents —Barclay, 75, Farringdon-street ; J. Sanger, 150,
Oxford-street Hannay, 53, Oxford-street; Butler, 4, Cheap
-
side ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London-bridge ; R.
Elowden, 7S, Gracechurch-street ; Prout, 229, Strand, &c.
Just published, gratis, or post free for one stamp, to be had
of all Agents, and at 2'' Newman-street, Extracts from Dr.
Buchan's Work, entitled, BUCHAN'S DOMESTIC MEDI-
CINES, being a Book of Reference, containing instructions
for the cure of every ailment incidental to man, woman, or
child.

"The temporary relief obtained by means of purgative
medicines is purchased at the high price of the aggravation
and d the perpetuating the disease."—HENßY,

Also, by the same Author,

WOMAN AND TIER DISEASES, a Treatise
describing their Symptom s,Causes, and Treatment,with
Cases, free by post on receipt of seven stamps, contains a mass
of information indispensable to those for whom it is written.
Address, Dr. HENRY Smrrri, 8, Burton-crescent, Tavistock-
-square, London, W.C.

To THE RIFLE BRIGADE.—A GOOD
SIGHT WILL PROVE ADVANTAGEOUS IN
SELF-DEFENCE. To render your sight and hearing per-
fect take GRIMSTONE'S EYE SNUFF, invented by him to
give strength and vigour to the vision, &c. Sold in tinfoil pack-
ages, 6d. per oz. ; canisters, Sd., ls. 3d., or in jars 2 oz., 4 oz.,
8 oz., lbs. upwards at Bs. per lb. for export, under the authority
of the Lords of the Treasury, and Medical authority. Or
should you be a smoker, leave it off, it renders your hand un-
steady. If you must smoke, smoke GRIMSTONE'S ARO-
MATIC lIERB TOBACCO. This will strengthen your
nerves ; by swallowing your spittle it increases the appetite.
The smoke equal•• Oriental pastules. Sold in square, green
packets with red label, at 3d. per oz., 3s. 6d, per lb. GRIM-
STONE'S HAIR REGENERATOR is the only article that
will produce whiskers, moustaches, eye brows, or cause anew
growth of human hair upon those p arts nature intends this
ornament of the human figure. It is s in triangular
bottles, and inclosed in the 77th edition of the pamphlet full
of testimonials from ladies and gentlemen. Real addresses,
45., 75., and lls., this size contains four of the 4s. size, All
letters to William Grimstone, herbalist, London Depot, 52,
High-street, Bloomsbury; and by Messrs. Barclay and Sons,
Farringdon-street. and all other respectable dealers

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING FHE WEEK,

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.)

PROFESS+ +.7i W.H.P.:ATSTONE',S UNI-
VERSAL TELEGRAPB.

GR 14;A T MARTUEL BO ROUG H -STREET. W., NEAR
PANTHEON.
nR. CULVER-WELL, Member of the Royal
z 'College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo-
thecariescan be. consulted daily, (only) as
' Hall, London,
-1 both
above, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Deranggments
Sexes, emanating from early and excessivelndui-
gences
Has Just published, price Is. ; by Pon, 13 stamps,
18 sealed.
No. 4,
An entire new and oriednal Work, entitled
Synopsis: The PhysioOUßSElogy andLVES. Anatomy of our Generation
The Origin of Disease Symptoms, Treatmect, and Cure.
Also, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange-
ments and Marital Disqualifications,
MA.
The modern treatment of SypLEhilis, Stricture, lilennorrhagia
Gonorrhala), Spermatorrhcea, 'lmpotency, and all Diseases of
he
Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, 4:0.'•
FEMALE.
titles in Health and Sickness—Choice
The Physiolom, and Anatomy of Women— Functional Ir-
Their Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and
R-emoval of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of :Gesta-
tien—Use of the Speculum. Also,
No. in :Marti age—
HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY;
,s! Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Tudigettiort,
No. 2.•
LOVE AND MARRIAGE
heir Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments ; Love
flel. other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off-
,pring secured.

No. A.
THE CASE BOOK :
100 Cases of SPERMATORRITCEA,
Their Causes, Symptoms, and .Treatment, Confessions and
Cur, by Cauterisations, Galvanism, &e. &e. &o.
0 b., bad of Mann, R 9, Cornhill ; end the Authors
A dvioe to the Workine• Cleasea fee Half-a-Guinea.
(SPECIAL NOTICE.)
Dr. Culverwell is the only hzally qualified medical practi-
tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as
above).

Facility and . speed in communication become
every day of more and more importance. The pre-
sent telegraph companies have created wants which
they by no means supply. Public bodies, manufac-
turers, and merchants are becoming more and more
alive to the necessity of having their own private
telegraphs. Thus,
for instance, the Queen's printers
have
,found it greatly to their advantage to
have telegraphic communication of their own
bet ween their printing eetablishment and the Houses
of Parliament. The London Dock has not only its
own electric communication between its ova offices
in the dock, but also between the dock-house in the
City and the commercial sale rooms in Mincing-
lane. The police-stations throughout the City are
now also placed in instantaneous communication
ith each other. Such important results as these
have been brought about principally by the per-
fection to which Professor Wheatstone has brought
his Universal Telegraph.
This instrument is so simple in its construction
that any person who can read and spell can be
taught in half an hour to use it with certainty.
With a few days' practice a very considerable
rapidity can be acquired in sending messages.
Without such an instrument as this a trained estab-
lishment of clerks would be necessary to work the
telegraph. By its aid the owner of the telegraph
or any person of ordinary education can use it with
scarcely any training.
The universal telegraph consists of two parts or
instruments, the telegraph itself and another called
the communicator. The telegraph with all the ap-
paratus for working it is contained in a small box,
much smaller than a lady's work box. It has a
handle like that of a barrel organ in front of it. On
the upper surface there is a disc or clock face. This
face instead of having the hours marked round its
circumference has its 30 equal divisions on its outer
edge marked by the letters of the alphabet, three
stops, and a cross. The inner row has the nine digits
and zero repeated twice. There is a hand like the
hour hand of a clock,which is made by the mechanism
hereafter to be described to point to these letters,
stops, or figures, at the will of the operator. Round
this lettered disc are 30 keys, like those of an ac-
cordion, which can be depressed by '..the finger, one
for each letter or sign. Such is the external ap-
pearance of the telegraph. It is not much larger
than an ordinary ship's chronometer. The commu-
nicator is something like,a watch, a little larger
indeed, fixed on a stand, in convenient position for
observing the dial; it rests on a small stand, which
contains the apparatus for working an alarum bell.
The face of the communicator has 30 divisions like
the telegraph, with its double circle of letters and
figures, and its moveable hand or index.
The instrument is worked in the following man.
ner. We will say that there is two sets of these
instruments, one at the Queen's printers, the other
in the House of Commons. A single wire is fastened
at the Printer's to the water pipes of the establish-
ment, or else attached to a plate of metal buried in
the earth, this wire is made to pass through both
the telegraph and communicator at the Printer's;
it is then carried through the air to the Houses of
Parliament. There it passes through another tele-
graph and communicator, and is then buried in the
earth or attached to some pipes which are in con-
nection with the ground. On the box which sup-
ports each of the communicators there is a pointer
which can beturned by hand so as to point to either
of two letters, A and T, on the right and left hand.
'When the instrument is not in use both of these
pointers should point to the letter A. Supposing,
now, a message is to be sent. All you have to do is
to turn the handle of one of the telegraphs ; the
alarums at both stations immediately sounded. This
calls the attention of the clerk or operator at the
other station. He then replies by turning the handle
of his telegraph, when both alarums are sounded
for a second time.

Now, both sender and receiver turn the pointer
at the base of their communicators to the T. Be-
fore sending the message, the pointers of all four
instruments should stand at the cross marked on
the upper portions of their dials. If they do not,
the operators have a simple means for setting them
right. This setting being made if necessary, the
sender spells out his message by touching or de-
pressing each key of his telegraph with his left
hand, which stands opposite to the letters to be
spelt in succession while he steadily turns the
handle of his instrument with his right hand. He
will then see the hand of his communicator turn in
succession to each of these letters, and pause until
he depresses the next letter. The index of the
communicator of the receiver of the message moves
in the same way, and he also spells the words he
receives. The word finished, the sender depresses
the key opposite his cross and the communicator
shows the receiver that a word is spelt. He
acknowledges the receipt of it, and that he under-
stands it by turning the handle of his telegraph
and depressing the key opposite to the cross, so as

The deaths registered in London in the week
that ended last Saturday were 1,269 ; they exhibit
an increase, which is not v ery considerable, on
those of the two previous weeks. In the corre-
sponding weeks of ten previous years the average
number was 1,205, which, with a correction for
increase of population, becomes 1,326. Notwith-
standing the remarkable cold of last week the
deaths were less by 57 than the number which
would have been returned under the average rate
of mortality; but the effects of the severe weather
will probably be seen in future returns.
Of the seven most important zymotic diseases,
only whooping-cough shows a decided increase on
the number of the preceding week; it arose from
43 to 61. Scarlatina and typhus show a decrease.
Four children died from measles in the sub -district
of St. Mary, Paddington. Three died from scarla-
tina in the sub-district of Chelsea, South, 4 in St.
John's, Westminster, 3 in West Hackney, 3in the
sub-district of Hackney-road, 3 in Camberwell. As
regards the results of the last two weeks bronchitis
increased but slightly—viz., from 139 to 146 ; pneu-
monia decreased from 97 to 89. The deaths from
pulmonary complaints, in which class the last•men-
tioned diseases are the chief contributors, were last
week 270, the corrected average of corresponding
weeks being 301.
There were seven deaths from burns and scalds.
Three children died from their clothes taking fire—
the daughter of a labourer, aged eight years ; the
daughter of a tailor, aged five years ; and the son
of a jeweller, aged ve years. A tanner's labourer,
aged 18 years, died by falling into a pit containing
boiling water. Eight infants were suffocated in
bed. A woman in St. Luke's Workhouse, aged 45
years, was choked by large pieces of bread which
she had attempted to swallow. Two men died from
starvation—a blacksmith, aged 62 years, at 2,
King's Head-court, Shoreditch, on the 10th inst. ;
and a carpenter, aged 54, at 5, Brick-lane, City-
road, on the 22d inst. A woman died of ele-
phantiasis.
Last week the births of 877 boys and 903 girls, in
all 1,780 children, were registered in London. In
the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1850-59
the average number was 1,519.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.585 in.
The readings fell from 30.10 in. on Sunday to 2926
in..on Wednesday. The mean temperature of the
air in the week was 32.1 deg, which is 7.2 deg
below the average of the same week in 43 years (as
determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily
temperature was below the average throughout the
week, and on Thursday it' was 10. deg below the
average, and on the two preceding days the amount
of depression was nearly as great. The highest point
attained in the week by the thermometer in the
shade was 41 deg on Sunday ; the lowest point was
24 deg on Wednesday, or 8 deg below the freezing
point of water. The range of temperature in the
week was, therefore, 17 deg. The mean daily range
was 6.9 deg. The range. on Saturday was only
3.8 deg. The difference between the mean dew-
point temperature and air temperature was 3.3
deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air
was 88, complete saturation being represented by
100. On Wednesday a thermometer on the grass
fell to 13 deg. The wind generally blew from a
north or north-westerly point. T,,he rain or melted
snow measured was 2 10ths of an inch. The mean
temperature of the water of the Thames was 39.6 deg.

,o make the hands of both communicators pass

of the two attractions and two r
needles being to rotate the axis to winch they a"!
fixed. This axis communicates by an escal
ment wheel a step by step motion to the ha nd
of the communicator instrument for every cum at
of electricity sent through the wire of its bobbnis.
We will now suppose the instruments with all their
indicators pointing to the cross. The handle sof
one of the telegraphs is turned, for every revoiti-
tiou of the handle the magnet in the telegraph sets
up a current in the bobbins within the telegraph."
but these currents all pass by a short circuit
through the instrument and the earth; we now
depress a key opposite fo some letter, the depression
of this key alters the elech:ical circuit, and all the
currents are now sent through. the telegraph wire,
both communicators, and the .earth. For every
current transmitted—these current:3 being in succes-
sion in different directions—the hand of the tele-
graph of the sender, and the hands of fft;th commu-
nicators, are made to advance step by step till the
letter opposite the depressed key is arrived a 1... The
instant this letter is reached, the mechanism O. the
ni
so Another
tois no
telegraph alters the circuit, the current no lon6v,ar
passes. through the telegraph wire and the commi:4-
mcators, but is carried off through the shorter circuit.
keyelevate the key last depressed, puts the
beau-
tiful piece of mechanism causes the depression of
Athpworinet shss
teetdphbebyyw theree speantnidal el rtt,hhaeelienttdie
instrument in circwuidte
eators, the hands move
opposite the depressed key is reached, when the
circuit is again altered, and the hands stand still
till another key is depressed, and so on for the
whole message. Those who have been used for
some time to this instrument, and have become!
quick both in sending and receiving a message,
have been enabled to transmit 100 letters per

~epulsions of tht

through a complete revolution. If any letter or
sign is to be repeated in succession in spelling a
word, it is necessary to depress for an instant an
adjacent key, and then to depress that opposite the
letter to be repeated before the indices or hands of
the instruments have pointed to the letter.
This is the simple method of using the instrument.

It possesses this great advantage for private pur-
poses, that it requires no galvanic apparatus, with
corrosive acids, and requiring great skill in its
successful preparation for use. There are no fumes
to be avoided, no trouble and risk in amalgamating
plates. A simple coil apparatus and a magnet en-
closed in the telegraph box do all the work of the
electric ariel, without risk of getting out of order
or being deranged. As the principles of electric
telegraphy are now becoming so popular, some of
our readers may be interested in knowing something
of the mode of operation of this beautiful instrument
of Professor Wheatstone. When the handle of one
of the telegraphs is turned, it causes an axis in the
instrument to revolve. Attached to this axis are

two equal arms ; each of these arms has suspended
or fixed perpendicularly to its extremity a bundle
of soft iron wire. Round each of these bundles or
cores of soft iron a considerable quantity of fine

minute.
We have been thus minute in our description of
this universal telegraph, because we feel certain it
will play an important part in the popularisation of
the use of telegraphy. It was used by the Emperor
Napoleon at Solferino, and will shortly be used on
the railways of Australia.
The extent to which the application of telegraphy
is likely to be carried out has rendered prominent
another want. Not only an instrument for com-
municating messages, but a private road through
which they may be sent. This has induced the
formation of a company now applying for an act of
Parliament for their incorporation under the name
of the Universal Telegraph Company. Professor
Wheatstone has discovered that for modem te
distances, say for 20 miles, his electric road only'
requires a copper wire about the thickness of
an ordinary piece of cotton thread. Thirty such
wires, each covered with a thin coating of india-
rubber and linen, can be combined into a cable
about the thickness of the little finger. Thus 30
private electric roads, perfectly insulated from each
other, can be combined in one rope, not very much
thicker than the wires now used for electric ways
along the sides of our railways. This marks another
great stride in telegraphy—the substitution of
indiarubber for gutta percha as an insulator. For
this we are indebted to the energy, skill, and per-
severance of Messrs. Silver and Co., who haVe suc-
ceeded in demonstrating to the best .telegraphists
that they can manufactnre an indiarubber insula-
tion for wires which shall make us independent (.1f
the constant failure of gutta percha as an insulator.
With gutta percha the insulation of this cable of
30 small wires would have been impossible. The
heat to which the cable must be subject even in our
summer as it passes over our house-tops would melt
the gutta percha and destroy the insulation. The
insulation of indiarubber is not only superior to
gutta percha, but it resists the heat which would
entirely melt the latter.
The Universal Telegraph Company propose to
connect all parts of London and other great towns
by a system of triangulation. The town will be
divided into a series of equal triangles, the side of
each being a mile in length. Each point of the
triangle will be united to another by one of these
cables containing 30 or 60 insulated wires. These
cables will be supported by posts on the tops of
houses or other large buildings, 200 feet apart.

To prevent the cable from injury from stretch-
ing, it will be suspended from two strong iron
wires passing from post to post. At each of the
posts, as well as the angular stations at the extre-
mities of the mile of rope or cable, each separate
wire will pass through little numbered canals of
ebonite. If any accident happens to any particular
wire, it can be discovered where the fault lies by
testing from post to post. The wires being num-
bered and registered, the private person wishing to
rent a wire can have it conveyed to his two stations
from the post nearest to them. That this system is
likely to meet with immediate adoption in many in-
stances we have no doubt. Between thirty and
forty firms and public bodies in Glasgow have
already made application to the company for the
rent of wires. The city police stations in London
will use the wires of the company instead of their
own temporary one as soon as it is established.
Mr. Reuter, so well known in connexion with tele-
grams, has already united his, private offices in
Finsbury-square with his city offices. No doubt a
great variety of public offices as well as private
persons will gladly avail themselves of this mode of
obtaining private telegraphic communication.
We believe the company propose to rent their
wires at the rate of four pounds per mile for a year,
undertaking to keep the wires in order, and at all
times to ensure telegraphic communication. The
hirer of the wire may use any instrument he pleases.
If he wishes it, however, they will let him one of
Professor Wheatstone's Universal Telegraphs,
Alarum, and Indicator for ft year, or a pair of
them for £l2, This includes keeping the instru-
ments in perfect working order. Thus, for instance,
a merchant or manufacturer can have private tele-
graphic communication between two stations a Ends
apart for £l6 a year. The insulated cable being
suspended from uncovered iron wires, and these
wires being connected with the leads and iron
pipes of the houses to which their supporting posts
are attached, lightning cannot pass through the in-
sulated wire to the house in which it is introduced.
The network of supporting wires will, in point of
fact, act as a great system of lightning conductors,
and ensure the safety of the houses over which they

insolated wire is wound like a silk or thread round
a bobbin. The wire round these two bobbins is
contiiuous. These two bobbins therefore turn
round with every revolution of the axis to which

they are attached. At every revolution the cores of
both these bobbins pass over the poles of a horse-
shoe permanent magnet. Every time they pass over
the poles of the magnet the core of the bobbin pass-
ing over is magnetised; and magnetism induces or
sets up a current of electricity through the wire of
the bobbin. In this way, by simply turning the
handle of the machine opposite, currents or pulses
of electricity are sent through the wires of the bob-
bins by the momentary action of the poles of the
magnet. When the indices at the base of the two

FELONY BY A SHEFFIELD MANUFACTURER.--
At the Sheffield Town Hall, yesterday, John Pacey, a
master saw manufacturer, was charged with felony. The
prisoner, it appears, had been in the habit of attending the
public baths in that town, where for some time past felonies
had been committed from the garments of the bathers
hanging on the walls. Tho prisoner was suspected, and
on Thursday evening was watched, and detected with his
hand in the pocket of one of the garments. A watch which
had been stolen on the previous night was traced to his
possession. The prisoner is respectably connected, and for
the defence it was urged he is in an unsound state of mind,
and has given himself up to drinking habits. The prisoner
was recently a sufferer to a great extent by the defaulting
Birmingham bankrupt, Plimlcy Edwards, and this circum-
stance appears to have thrown him out of his regular
habits. He employs between fifty and sixty men. The
prisoner was remanded on condition that his friends &tot
him under medical examination, with a view to his being
taken care 4—Manchester Examiner.

communicators are set at A, the currents of electr:

city so set up pass through the alarum:of the sender
to that of the receiver, and return by the earth. A
most ingenious mechanical and electro-magnetic
arrangement sets the works of both alarums in 'no-
tion, without requiring any clock work to be wound
up, and so constructed that by no jar or accidental
motion of the alarum can it be sounded, and itnever
rings without the passage of currents of electricity.
When the pointer is turned to T, the communi-
cators are put in connection with the telegraph.
The communicators have each an electro-magnetic
apparatus, which consists of two permanently mag-
netic needles fixed to an axis, and lying parallel
between two bobbins of insulated wire with soft
iron cores. The armatures of these cores are so
arranged that when a current of electricity passes
through the wire 'of the bobbins their armatures
attract two of the poles or extremities of the mag_
netic needles and repel the other two ; the effect

pass.
That the system of the compound rope and the
small conducting wires will answer, we saw demon-
strated by Mr. Holmes, the consulting engineer of
the proposed company, at Mr, Reuter's on Friday
last. We also saw the successful application of the
small conductor to Mr. Wheatstone's Automatic
Printing Telegraph. This telegraph is intended for
the speedy transmission of messages through lines
where economy of time in the use of the line is of
great importance. The message to be sent is
punched out in a series of her on a strip
so similar to
that of the Morse system, which is now
the uni-
versal telegraphic alphabet on the continent and
America, that a person conversant with the one can
immediately read the other. The Morse alphabet
represents every letter by a line or a dot, or the
combination of these, not exceeding four for every
letter. Wheatstone uses a dot on the upper part
of the ribbon for Morse's line, and a dot below for
Morse's dot. To punch these dots he uses a small
instrument with three keys, which are depressed by
a pressure of the finger.
The ribbon of paper is
introduced at the top
l ' of the instrument; every
time one of the
wys. is depressed it punches a hole
through the '
ribbon, and moves it a space forward ;
when the same or another key is depressed another
hole is punched, and the paper again moved for-
ward to receive another perforation. One key
answers for Morse's line or dash, another for his
dot, and the third or middle one is used for spac-
ing. This spacing obviates a difficulty in the Morse
system of telegraphing. Th© Morse system is

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always used in connection with a telegraphic ita.o-,1,4
atrument. The difference between the printing 4"AF
a line or`.ermined. by the time theAnget
e
rests on the key o. emitting instrusnienta,
To be a good telegraphist on arse systenile
quires an accarate perception of time, a
perception of which many people are ieat.
Besides this advantage, the slowness of the
using the punching apparatus of Wheatst
automatic system does not cause a waste o!
time of the telegraphic line.
When the message is punched out on the ribbon,
this ribbon forms, as it were, a continuous jacquard
pattern. This is 110 W introdmeed into the trans-
mitting instrument. By turning a handle the per-
forated ribbon passes at a uniform rate through
the instrument; as each space comes through the
centre of the holders three springs attached to an.
axis in connexion with the handle rise up. only one
same. jime. If
of these. three can rise through the paper. because
there Al.ll only
a ctuhrer
pe :at(
0,
be one perforat:on presented at the
e. spring pass through one of the
paper is made
upper toles of the strip,
telegraph aetplhehrlt wire to electricity
aes
rimde by the mechanical arrangement attached to
this spring to pass through
lower
rnt holestationa n 0;
opposite
tta,
current
is
produced ;
if the middle spring pass through an opening no
current is sent.
At the receiving station there is a recording or
by clock-work to pass through the printing appa-
ratus when a message is to be received. This printing apparatus. A thin strip of
ap-
paratus has two series of elects-magnetic apparatus
similar to those used in the caansunicator of the
universal instruments. They are so arranged, how-
o ver, that the axes to which the permanent magnets
ar, e attached are moved, the one axis only for a
cun,rent in one direction, and the other only for a
currt'ct in the opposite direction. To eat+ of these
axes a
.small pen or style is attached. These styles
when depressed each pass through a small hole is.
the bottotn of a reservoir filled with Indian ink..
These holes ,are so small—that 'capillary attraction
prevents the fiow of the ink through them unless it
is carried by the depression of the style. Now, the
electroomagnets cause one of these styles to be de-
pressed for a current in one direction, the other style
for that in the opposite ; the ribbon passing under
the reservoir of ink by the motion of the clockwork
has a dot made at top or bottom, according as a dot.
perforated through the top or bottom of the: ribbon
passes at the same time through the transmitting
apparatus. Some idea of the speed with which this
automatic printing telegraph can forward message
may be estimated when we state that a column of
newspaper print, such as that of a Parliamentary
debate, can be transmitted 200 miles in about 20
minutes. We are rejoiced .to see that Professor
Wheatstone, who took such a distinguished position
in the first introduction of the telegraph, still keeps
foremost in the race of telegraphic progress.

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