The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-31 00:00:00

PRICE 4D. STAMPED 51?.

440 yards in length. There is a viaduct on the line at
Norwood, 150 yards in length. The portion of the line
opened is 44 tnilesin length, and terminates within about
a mile of the intended junction with the South-Western
Railway at Wandsworth. Owing to the difficulty of
coming to, terms, with the latter company for working the
traffic to the Waterloo station the junction with that line
was not completed. There are five stations on the new
line. The first is Gipsy.hill, the second at Norwood,
the third at Streatham, the fourth at Balham-hill, and
the fifth at Wandsworth-common. The works on the
line are of a very substantial character, particularly the
tunnel under the Crystal Palace. The works generally
are heavy and well executed, and the line for the whole
distance is in excellent condition. The cost of the line
is about 250,0001. The steepiest gradient on the line is
lin 89. It is intended to run about 20 trains per day
' over the new line, which can be done in connection with
the Crystal Palaoe trains to and from London-bridge
station by the Brighton Company, 'lnstead of remaining
in steam at the Crystal Palace station, the trains will run
on to Wandsworth and return at a small additional cost
for fuel. The event of opening the line was celebrated
at the Crystal Palace by a magnificent banquet given by
the contractors, Messrs. Peto, Brassey, and Bette at
which Sir M. Peto presided. " The Queen," and other
loyal toasts were given and responded to ; and " Success
to the' West-end Crystal Palace Railway" Company was
received with great enthusiasm.
, ....

Mr; SimusiEß, the chairman of the London and
Brighton Company, Sir J, PAXTON, and Mr. ANDERSON,
the chairman of the Crystal Palace Company, expressed
their approval of the line, and an opinion that it could
not, fail to be remunerative, particularly when extended
to the west-end terminus at the Chelsea new bridge,-
near the end of Sloane-street.
Mr! WATSON, the superintendent of the works ex-
plaincid.the difficulties they had encountered in the con-
stru on of the tunnel tinder the Crystal Palace and
ether works, and borelestimony to the able exertions of
"Mr. Phipps, one of the engineers and Mr. Currey in
overcoming the difficulties. Mr. Baldwin had also ren-
deredi Considerable assistance ; and, on the whole, the
difficulties encountered• on that line were greater than
had been experienced in 15 other similar works.
The proceedings concluded in a very harmOnious man-
ner, and the directors and their friends returned to town
abouti 9 o'clock.

RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS.
LANOASHIEE AND YORKSHIRE RAILWAY.—Traffio re-
turn for the week ending Oct. 26, 1856 £22,460 14 0
Corresponding week last year. 19,915 2 7
SOTTISH .CENTRAL RAILWAY.--Traffic return fer the
wick ending; Oat. 26, 1856 £6,013 5 7
Correponding week last year 5,5.49 0 6

UNIVERSITY INTELLIG ENCE.

. In
OXFORD, OCT. 30; m
irConvocation holden this morning Messrs. Thos. to
h Belcher, M.A., and William Armstrong Scott, na
A.l, of;Trinity College, Dalt!), were admitted "ad la
indsm. •
In the same convocation the Rev. Thomas Sale, M.A., to
111 gdalen College, received permission to. proceed to ar
1
Le d gree of B.D. and D.D., by accumulation. ' • Nv.
1,
In congregation holden immediately afterwards the i
Mme- of M. ,Edwin Palmer,. M.A., Fellow of. Balliol of
olle e, who bad been nominated to the office of Mode -IN
Aor "in Literarum Grmcarum et Latinarum Schola," Qtet ith the Approval of the house. b(
1 were
In he same congregation.the following degrees V
infe red, viz.:—
at
BACHELOR AND DOCTOR IN DIVINITY. .•
'Ol
R . Thomas Sale, Magdalen, College.
BACHELOR OF CIVIL LAW. Ili
Jolin Brameton (Fellow), All Soule'College. '
tt
!
Wor• 13.
iste College.
Theodore John Redhead—St. Edmund Hall,. :
Francis Otter—Corpus Christi College. ,
Rtiv. Henry Meade Smythe—Trinity College.
R v. -Nicholas James Moody, James Henry Orde,
1 ev. Francis John Mount—Oriel College,
. .
M rens Richard Southwell—LExeter College.
Rev. Frederic M. D. Attasiers—QUeen's College. •
John Crosthwaite Bellett, Thomas Crane Dupuis—.
. emix:oke College. A
Itly. Robek Henry Codrington (Fellow)—,Witdham
lolloge. . •,., • ; „
• • • . . , . • • . ; EARRELOR OF ARTS.,
Charles Allington—Merton College. • t
William Howell Evans—Jesus College. , t
Herbert T. Knatchbull Iltigesson, John Erkine a
Campbell ColquhounTrinity College. N
Sohn Wingfield. Malcolm—Christ Church.
Eliward Hutchinson, Geo. Heberden—Oriel College.
Francis Sterry, Chao. Arthur Turner—Exeter College.
In a Congregation, holden at two o'clock, the new
form of Statute, for better regulating the election of '
proctors, was promulgated, and the new form of Sta.
tute; "De Delegatorum Preli nominations et- munere,"
was, again promulgated. Several amendments were
handed in to the Registrar.

DURHAM.
At a ConiocatiOn holden on Tuesday, Oct. 28, the
Rev: John Pedder, M.A., principal of Bishop Hatfield's
Hall, and R. B. Hayward, reader in Natural Philosophy,
made the requisite declaration on entering upon the office
of proctor. The Rev. Henry Frederic Long, M.A., of
Bishop Hatfield's Hall, and the Rev. R. H. Blakey,
M.A., University College, were nominated to the office
of pro-proctor, and made the requisite declaration.
The following degrees were conferred :
M.A.
_ _ _

--:-
Harvey Marriott, 8.A., Bishop Hatfield's Hall.
Wm. Hall Richmond, 8.A., University College.
B.A.

William Statham University College.
Rev. James Sutcliffe Crook, Bishop Hatfield's Hall.
Henry Vicars Austin, University College.
Frederick William Griffiths, University College.
The Warden announced that the Right Rev. Bishop
Maltby has made a donation of his library to the Uni-
versity, upon the condition that it be kept separate from
other books belonging to the University, and called the
Maltby Library. A grace was passed thankfully to
accept the donation. A grace was passed for setting the
University seal to the following address to the Right
Rev. Bishop Maltby, on his resigning the office of
Bishop of Durham :

" TO THE EBIUT REV. BISHOP MALTBY, D.D.
"The warden, masters, and scholars of the University
of Durham desire, at the first Convocation after your
lordship's resignation of the see of Durham, to express
publicly their sense of the many advantages which they
have derived from your watchful superintendEnca and ac-
tive benevolence.

" When your lordship first undertook the administra-
tion of the diocese the University immediately enjoyed
the benefit of your powerful and effective co-operation
in carrying out the intentions of its founders, and obtain.
ing for it the important sanction of the royal charter.
" During the subsequent period of full twenty years,
in which the establishment and management of a new
university have been often accompanied with perplexing
difficulties, you have been always ready to give it the
aid of your matured council and long experience.
" You have, also proved your anxiety to promote in
others tke sound learning and accurate scholarship for
which you have been yourself distinguished, both by your
private suggestions and your public acts. Among the
latter especial gratitude is due for your liberal benefac-
tions to prizes and scholarships, and lastly for the gener-
ous donation of your valuable library.
"The warden, masters, and scholars of the University
are confident that the feelings entertained by themselves
will hereafter be shared by their successors, and that the
name of Bishop Maltby will ever remain associated with
those of the earliest and most efficient supporters of the
University. _

" Given at our House of Convocation this 28th day of
October, 1856."
Graces were then passed for setting the University
seal to certain releases.

While the Western Rowers were- occupied
the destruction of Sebastopol in the Black
Austria has erected another Sebastopol in t.
Adriatic Sea for commanding the Gulfs of Venice—x
and Fiume.
Austria has now a naval force superior to the
united fleets of Sardinia and Naples ; but it must
be remarked that the sailors who man the Austrian -
fleet have no nationality among them, their sailors
and marines being gathered from all those coun-
tries which she lost in the field of battle but re-
covered in the chamber of diplomacy. However,
she has at prey_ .it a fleet oath '
.2 guns a,r, 1 -,910
horse power, and they have on the stocks vessels
with 1,000 horse power to carry 260 guns. The
sailors and marines exceed in number 6,000 men.
An annual conscription for the navy takes place in
the provinces of Istria, Dalmatia, and the Danube,
which gives 416 sailors and 144 men for the marine
artillery and the marines. There are in the Aus-
trian navy 333 officers. The number of sailors
is 4,160, divided into 26 companies of 140 men
each, that number being able to man the navy
and still leave a suitable reserve on shore to
fill up the casual vacancies. The marine artillery -
corps consists of 29 officers and 1,120 men.
There is a dockyard force of 320. In the de-
partment of machinery there are 84 engineers
and 100 firemen. The marines (such as do the duty of our marines (have 84 ofH,2ers and 2,880
soldier marines. To carry on the equipment and provisioning of these men there are 12 naval com-
missaries. The civil department of the navy con-
sists of 71 of all grades. There are seven naval en-
gineers for ship-building, who are chosen for their
abilities from the naval school of Tries* There
are 100 naval pensioners who do the police duty of
the arsensls, and look after the ships laid up in
ordinary. There is a chief engineer and an architect.
The medical men are 39 in number, and their duty
is to look out after the sanitary state of the sea-
ports, the men in-the dockyards, and the shipsl*l.
up ill ord:nary. The sick ,are sent to the naval
hospitals at Venice, Trieste, and Pola. There are
officers for hydrography, making out of maps and
plans, and it is said the maps they have published are
&t
....410sti perfiand beautifully executed. , Th .. e ,Atexa...-
04-ilitarY ego (Acackmia Mil tare di Marina) is
at Teieste, and contains at present4ostudents, who -
must! regain there .three years. -It is- from thin ~ school are taken the effective cadets for 'the navy,
marine artillery, and naval architecture. The
Scuola di Marine furnishes the navy with the ,warrant officers and the enginemen. There are •
60 who attend this school, where they must remain.
five years • but as a reward there is a yearly exa-
mination, and the ,three best are posted to ships 1
as provisionary cadets. In 1851 a ship of war
named. the Marianna was totally wrecked, and a
navy j -school was established for the orphans of
thos; who were lost. They mustremain three years,
and o stimulate them the three best are annually
admitted 'as
,provisionary cadets. Their naval;•
trseeals are at .Trieste, Venice, and Pola. In.
Ten ice they still haVe five foundries for cannon, a
irgq armaury containing arms, &c., for 10,000
cen and the rope and cordage work is of vast ex-
;at
,Besides thohe above enumerated they have '
av establishments on the' Danube,' and on the
6kt:i of Italy : 'that of Lago Maggiore I deicribed
1
)y u formerly. The Austrian Lloyd's steamers
re, n case' .of war, liable to be; armed as men of
ar. The Naval 11Iaseum at 'Venice remains still ,-
i a its glory, but the library, which consisted
F 4 0 volumes; has been removed to the Trieste
Fa I Academy., In 1848 Venice was,the. head, -
ua ers of all the Austrian navy, Triesteand,Pola ,
ain at that time insignificant. pkiii although
e ce was then.found to' have many advantage 4
,ill here-was-net -sufficient-depth for large ships
f r, and in addition to thik• the entrance was -- -
et n a direct line, but with many twistiugs and t '
ur ngs. This was reinedied,' to a certain extent;
)34, stupendous canal, executed by the celebrated
1
ing. eer Paleocapa, now at the head of the Public
Wo of Piedmont. These and other reasons
ind cod the-Austrian Government to remove their
.hi navall,:aVsenal , and' departments .r to Pola,
Th e there is a spacious, deep-hirbour, sheltered ‘.
70 every Wind'that blows.
.Besides this the Aus-
ria s saw that Pola was admirably adaptedfor re-
ai ng their hold and Mastering in a short time the
to agna and. V.enicei, and that it commanded be-
id all the commerce of Fiume, '
I addition.to this, the Anstrians are quite-aware
ha the whole•ltalian Peninsula is preparing itself
or he ensuingittuale; and where(could,they take
tp poSition nitir'e. adapted for' bffence' arid defence
,ha Pola'? In ancient days it had been a, very
itro g place, and even before 1848 it was tolerably
welt fortified. I could show that, on the land side
also', Pola is a very strong position, but I shall.
restrict myself to giving a sketch of the batteries
that have been and were thrown up by the Aus•
trians in this Adriatic Sebastopol, while the Allies
were attempting to destroy in the Crimea a fortifi- - .
cation placed in the Black Sea for a similar pur-
pose to the one now erected in the Adriatic.
The battery Madonna Conceta commands the
approach from Dignano, and is armed with 8 short
36 ounders, and 4 eight inch mortars.
The battery placed on Mount Gulra also com-
mands the Dignano road. It is open to the rear,
and has eight 36 long pounders parallel to the road .
and a 48 pounder on each of the flanks.
Lunardelli—This also plays upon the Dignano
road, all well loopholed ; has eight 36 long poun-
ders, and a 48 pounder on each flank.
The Martello Tower Battery, on Mount Scibo,
has six long 18 pounders en barbette, but no bar-
rack.
The Petrick Martello Tower has four long
eighteens en barbette, but no barrack.
The Martello Tower of St. Giovanni has six long
eighteens. Barracks are at Cepriotto.
These are the six new land batteries. I shall
now enumerate the new batteries toward the en-
trance to the harbour and seaward.
The Fort on Cape Compare has two 12-inch mor-
tars, four 48-pounders en barbette, four long 32-
pounders, and two 8-inch mortars. Good barracks.
The Zonchi Battery.—This battery has fourteen
36-pounders en barbette, and two 8-inch mortars.
The Maximilian Battery has two 36 and three
18-pounders.
Battery Ferdinand has four long 18's.
Fortress of St. Andrea has ten large 80-pounders.
The Octagon Battery, on the rock of Olivi, four
of the sides of this octagon towards the south-west
aro armed with twelve short 36's en barbette, and
the remaining sides have three guns each.
The Battery di Castello di Pola has twenty guns,
a mixture of long 36-pounders and 48-pounders, all
en barbette, and a proportionate number of
mortars.

Octagon Battery of St. Mattis.--Sir of its sides
, have each twelve 36-pounders. It commands the
town, and with others can play into the harbour.
The Martello Tower (della Lanterna.)— This
battery is at the extremity of the new Mole, and in
some measure is the base or foundation of
ie light-
house. It is on the St. Pietro rock, and looks down
into that of the town, on which is placed the new
arsenal. It has 7 long twenty-fours. The Martello
Tower of St. Pietro is placed on the rock of that
name. There is a high and low battery. The
upper has 5 60-pounders, and the lower 7 long 24-
pounders en barbette. The Orlando Tower has 4
long 18-pounders. Battery Del Cristo has 3 forty-
eights and 2 long thirty-sixes.
They have two batteries which prevent landing,
and sweep the whole shore, close, or radente, in
Dele Fuera ; the one has 6 24-pounders, and the
other 4 60-pounders. To defend the outward, en-
ciente the arsenal towards the land side is a Mar-
tello
Tower in its centre, having 5 short 24-pounders
en barbette, and 2 8-inch mortars. The tower on
the left has five short eighteens. The new arsenal
is in the north-east of the town, commanded by
the battery on the rock St. Pietro ; but without a
plan before you it is difficult to describe the exact
position. A store for masts sails,
cordage—in
short a most perfect arsenal, in which
there.
always at hand material to arm and
e9-111P ten
ships in a few days. Besides this, therdun
e
;odries
s a very
large cable manufactory, and close at
hand
for artillery, and also for making
a
muskets. There
i is also coal store. At present arethere two ships
n iins
of the line on the stocks, and nitha-wyest others of a,
on the
d
Mount of Olives, is the powder mar tine. In the
interior of the city, and near the
arsenal, is a bar-
racksmaller size. Towards the sou .
for 4,000 men.

- r

STATE OF TRADE.

MANCHESTER,ae.rrkaleatibdsaey cOoenCoTrF.
c3roOidau.
ny. . .
owing
Therteohtansenlontdbineelnetmteurcehnobtushienthgess hderuee to-day,tdalte rptfr.
rusfactTurers than usual, owing to an attempt
coup-
try 8
manufacturers
which is making
for the
but of course their agents Were on the exchange, and,
as it is understood the India letters bring much better
commercial advices from Calcutta and Bombay, a bette r
feeling was prevalent among business men. The favour- -
able India news is understood to apply to light cloths, ~
and not to domestics. Turkey red goods for the spring
trade are also said to be in demand. Prices are very ' '
firm for such kinds of goods as are in demand,'
NOTTINGHAM, OCT. 30.
The lace trade is very quiet. For plain goods there is
yet considerable inquiry, but many branches of our trade •
are dull. Tbere is a fair business transacting in mitten
goods. Our home demand' for all description of laces id
an average one. American orders also have been tole •
ra bllny
hgoosodier. y
there is more activity, manyarket. The
m large orders i
ioyhavinged
abteegneocd ,wages,
for the American
home trade is also healthy. and operatives are well e-.
p
Silk is not so difficult to, buy ; , .
sth
yarns are arm,