The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-04 00:00:00

SOUTHAMPTON ELECTION.

SOUTHAMPTON, WSDNESDAY.
Mr. Edwin James was the favouriteof the Londcn can-
didates for this borough. He was first also in the field.
Mr. Wegueltn, however, considered that he had such a
powerful party of liberals in Southampton, who had pro-
mised him their supp yrt, that he declined to give way to
Mr. James. Fur the latter to have any chance, there-
fore, it was necessary that he should personally canvass
the electors. His profession, however, required so much
of his time that this was impossible. His friends here,
seeing the hopelessness of contending with the activity of
Mr. VVeguelin and Sir E. Butler, gave up the task in
despair. The bad feelings engendered by the split
t e g
decidedue.
pre-
vented them from uniting their forces with Mr. W
bn to fight the conservative candidate, and he
on bringing forward another liberal. Their choice fell
upon Mr. R. Andrews, the radical coachmaker, and may or
of the borough. Mr. Andrews resolved at once to come
forward, provided a numerously signed requisition by the
electors was presented to him. As he is the returning
officer, he will be obliged to resign the office of mayor,
and pay a heavy fine, before he can he elected member
of Parliament. He has pledged himself that if he be-
comes a candidate he will go to the poll, and poll the last
man. He is a liberal with very advanced opinions, and a
most energetic man.
About 1,000 electors have been added to the register
isince the last election.

THE LATE SUICIDE IN HIGHGATE CEMETERY.—Yester-
day Sergeant Farr, of the I division, succeeded in tracing
the relatives of the young man who put a period to his
existence in Highgate Cemetery, as already recorded in
The Sun. It aears that he was the son of a gentleman
named Fenoulet,pp residing at 4, Kilmarton-terrace, Hol-
loway. Henri Fenoulet was in his 30th year, and by pro-
fession a surgeon-dentist. He left his home, 4,
is
/C.!lmah y
ton-terrace on the morning of the occurrence, in
usual apparent health and suirits, and nothing more was
heard or seen of him until the police acquainted his
frinis wih the affair. N satisfactory explauation can
bee offeredt for the terminatio on of deceased's existence by
his own hand.

(From th,e New York Herald. N0v15.)
Thursday was an exciting day amongst the scientific
of our State. Tne Submarine Nautilue was put through
its operations at Glen Cove, and submitted to the rigid -
scrutiny of men whose verdict, either of appeoval-or other-
wise, must be final. The company formed to work this
invention Lad chartered The steamship Champion, and
invited the press and Limey of the leading celebrities of
our State to aerarnd excursion, for tee purpose of brineing
the machine before the public. S'arting from the Peek-
elip Ferry at 11 a.m., Glen Cove was reached, after a
beautiful sail, about noon. In mid-stream we found a
large schooner at anchor, with steam engine on deck, and
on meorieg near her we learnt this apparatus was used
for forcieg compressed air into the receiver which sup-
plies the Nautilus. At a few yards from the schooner we
oeserved floating, like a huge p rpeise in the water, the
Nawilue.
Pim Ntutiluf in external form is alrnest round, or, as
Senator flew e ply termed it, " a water bel Ion." It
is about ten feet in slam er, by seven feet deep, and
weigb3 tan tens. A peculiarity, as c) ri pare 1 with the
old fashioned diving-bell, is that it enters from the top ;
a species of irou trap door screws down when all are in,
arid when the marAne is at the boAom, another and
larger door opens in the ba'e, so as to proceed with the
corks requ red. C-ndensed air is produced on board a
vessel or on laud, and is communicated to the Natitiaii
by an iusmrn sly p )wertul hose f ruled of thick India
rubber, stron,,, enough to witustaud a pressure of 200
lbs. to die square inch ; this is affixed to the top of the
machine, and communicated by valves inside to the
working and water chamber?. After entering and clos-
ing the top of the machine water valves are opened,
which cause the Nautilus to sink ; air is taken into tle
working chamber until its density is equal to that of the
water without ; the door of the boteeen is then raised in
order to m eve upon the ground. Toe operators step-
upon the bo-toin and carry the machine wit i them, or
in current way cables passing from windlasses inside
effect the desired movement. To lilt stone, a hook
placed on the bottom is affixed to the stone, condensed
air is then thrown into the water chambers, and the water
is expelled until the weight of the stone is overcome. It
is then moved in any direction, and by the re-admission
of water, is again deposited. In one of the experiments
we saw performed, a stone weighing five tons was lifted,
moved horizontally between 20 and 30 feet, and then
deposited. The time occupied in going under the water,
bringing the stone to the surface (22 feet), then moving,
going down and depositing, returning again to the sur-
face, was only 9?,, minutes. Tee Nautilus will lay 3,500
cubic feet of stone per diem, at a cost of 35 dole.,
being less, according to the opinion of engineers, than •
the cost of the same work on terra firma. The average
cost of submarine construction is 164 cents the cubic
toot, whilst with the Nautilus as demonstrated it is but
one cent. All other works are in like proportion, the
blasting of rocks may be done by it as cheaply as in a
quarry. Its adaptability to the examination of ships'
bottoms, to determine the necessity of docking, according
to the opinion of Capt. Coi-nstock, of the Baltic, will effect
the saving of hundreds of thousands of dollars annually .
Its utility in pearl, coral, and sponge fishing was re-
markably demonstrated. A gentleman largely engaged
in pearl operations in the Pacific observed that there was
no limit to its value for that purpose. Pearl shells may
be gathered by it at the rate of from two to three tons
per day to each machine ; this has been proved by ao-
tual experiment in Panama and California ; shells, ac-
cording to prices current, are worth from 150 dole. to
600 dole. a ton. With regard to lifting submerged ves-
sels, the capacity of the pump demonstrates that the
largest clays of snips can be raised within three hours
of er attachment is made.
Ili order to test the " feeling in the Nautilus, 160 per.
sons went down yesterday, of 'ghoul 40 were ladies. Wise
ourselves entered the trap set for us witheerg ns of
m
giving, and soon found ourselves one of 12 f
ind
down,i vi e ua l
an-
giving, and
being ladies. The iron door was
screwed
immediately on descending a noise like the near letting
off of gentile dinned our ears ; but this very unpleasant
sensation was r,sl:eved by going tt.rough the operation of
We s down before we knew it, and the
engineer lifted the door of the boi,tom and disclosed to
Us about six inches of muddy water. When we had
gratified our curiosity duriug seine five minutes, and ob-
tained a number of shells as relics, the door was replaced,
and we shot up to the surface, the observation being
made by one of the ladies that she could stay down all
day. Everybody was more than satisfied, though few
understood the rationale of the invention or the peculi-
arities of its construction as compared with the diving
bell.
The Champion left Glen Cove on her return about five
o'clock, and on getting under way, a meeting was orga-
eised eti deck, when Major Scare could not help saying
a few words to them in reference to the Nautilus, on
which they had been experimenting. The inventors had
expended much time and large HUMS of money in bring-
ing he machine to its present perfection. Immense and
unknown difficulties were met with at every step. The
first apparatus that we coustruced could move up and
down
linifn,
ei
the water,
forbuta
thats soon a
was as we g
all :wezt say could not get
it to
heavy
body to the surface, down it went from us. These diffi-
gulties were also attended with danger, the Nautilus
having been shut up out of the water, at the outset, four
feetfrom the surface, and all thought that those inside the
machine were done for except the inventor, who knew
f
they were safe, if they only had the proper amountf
air and
compressed air with then. The properties
o when
water were not in the slightest degree understoodto learn—to
we set out ;we had, therefore, everythingd ourselves of
construct a science, in tact.
latest
theair,
avariousnd, m odrieffitchualnti difficulties
this,
t he incidentallVe tehedet hatteoh f condensation
h air. o
uorf
t up. We
put upon them,
We sent to En-
pumps could not stand the pressure
press air to the
lroorpieroton
obtain
iet dand leather buorunld
corn
pumps whichewinch, but the philosophical
extant of 441 b. to the squaurt
us for answer that our re-
men of that coutinen-ti-ts. But we have a pump now
quest was an irepossi:,l,l4l;y—whicb, instead of 441b5.,
—you saw it workinghw
to the square inch, and that
compresses air 200
i'vention. Water and air are
Water causes the machine
pump is also
tisTirainsuetsilut:e..B.d er the force of compressed
ttb3edpersicnecnidp,lews
hoifibt:friejit
of the machine is shown at the hot-
air. The app
rraei.gicaoblandraglifornia, Seeith America, and other
i ns, it will move from side to side of the
up the dust at every step. Con-
gold
tom
auriferous o f riv e-
. We know, at this present time,
ht
matter sensed streams!
haoiwrwwileliamoyv e
withinmileprecise at
$100,000,000. The Na.uti Us can cruise about the spot
until it comes to the ship, aud then raising the treasure
is but a question of time. A great feature in the machine
is that it is independent of all outside influence or assist-
ance, for it is managed from the inside alone, as many
aefore me will have already observed.

-
TEE WEEKLY NEWS, PRICE 2, —CONSIIIIPTION ; ITS
CAUSE AND CIIRE.—A. series of interesting lectures cul
this distressing malady, and the success of ansePasiat or
traction, in relieving and curing it, as delivered by Dr.
Denis genie,
„mit,
of
35,
Bruton-street, Berkeley•equare,.
will be commenced in the Weekly News of Dec. 6,1856 e
Every family is concerned in it. Weekly News office, fs
Hind-court and Wine Office-court.

L )NITON, TEIURSDA.Y, DECEMBER 4, 1856.

The action by Lord LrcAN against the Daily
News for an alleged libel was yesterday tried
before the Lord ChietJusticeancl a special jury,
and, after a full And uppartial trial, terminated
in a verdict for the defendants. It is imposaible
to estimate too highly the importance of this
result. The matter Was unquestionably one of

vast interest to the noble plaintiff, but the Press,
and, we may be permitted to add, the community.
at large, were no less deeply concerned in the
decision. The liberty of journalism was at issue;
that liberty to which the nation is indebted fer
the exposure and ultimate removal of many gross
abuses, for obtaining remedies for grievances
that, but for the spirited and disinterested
conduct of "The Fourth Estate," would still be
continued in all their unmitigated enormity. That
freedom has now been fully and completely vin-
dicated by the verdict of that jury, and a prin-
ciple •f vital consequence has been strengthened
and sustained.

It is needless to say that the complaint referred
to an article which appeared in our contemporary
on the publication of the Report of the Chelsea
Commissioners, virtually exonerating the plaintiff
and others from the censures contained in the
Report of the Select Committee of the House of
Commons, and confirmed by that of Sir JOHN
M`NEIL and Colonel TuLLocn, as the result of
investigations instituted on the very spot, and
which were made in consequence of the complaints
preferred against the elaborate Report of Mr.
ROEBUCK'S Committee. It will be in the recollec-
tion of our readers that a strong feeling was excited
in the public mind against that third trial—that
it was very generally considered to be an attempt
to whitewash the obnoxious practice of military
promotions by purchase, and to defend an objec-
tionable system, by which the national interests
received considerable injury. Nothing, then,
could be more natural than for a journalist to
write strongly and energetically on such a point.
It was a duty which he owed to society, which
he could not shirk or evade without forfeiting a
portion of the estimation in which he was held
by the community. Different persons would, of
course, entertain different opinions ; but it is ridi-
culous to suppose that there must be private
malice because the view taken was adverse to the
wishes of the parties concerned. As well
might it be supposed that the members of
the Select Committee, or the Crimean
Commissioners, were actuated by vindictive
motives, or a desire to crush the Noble Lord and
his companions. It was, in each and every in-
stance, a painful and somewhat perilous discharge
of a solemn obligation, by which the persons re-
porting or commenting might be seriously
damaged, but could not possibly be benefited,
save by carrying with them the sympathies and
cordial concurrence of the community at large ;
and that fact the jury established by their ver-
dict, and prevented what would have been tanta-
mount to muzzling the Press, and preventing
them from speaking in derogatory terms of the
public conduct of any public man ! Almost as
bad as the establishment of the censorship, so
strongly and uselessly advocated by some of our
French contemporaries, who should not be quite
so much enamoured of the practice as to wish it
extended to others.

Lord LuceN had every possible fair play. He
had the services of an advocate of extraordinary
tact, experience, and eloquence. One nulli secur&-
dus. But despite the indefatigable exertions of
Sir F. THESIGER, and the very skilful view of the
case presented to the court and jury by that emi-
nent lawyer, journalism triumphed ; and the
Noble Lord had bat little cause to rejoice at the
experiment on which he adventured. As Mr.
EDWIN JAMES forcibly and clearly explained, there
was "no attack on private character. It was
the language of the historian, writing for the
information of the public, fairly and without
control, on public and serious events. There
was nothing licentious ; nothing malicious. . .
. . . An article written, not on Lord
LuCAN's private, but his public character,
as a- general, paid by the People, and trusted
by the People with their national honour!" This
was the correct view of the case, and, thanks to Lord
CAMPBELL'S valuable enactments, it was an avail-
able and sufficient answer to the charge. Not
very many years since, " the greater the truth
the greater the libel" was a prevailing doctrine,
but a distinction was made in favour of the public
journals that they might declare that the alleged
libel was inserted without malice, and for the
benefit of the community. Nothing could be
more chary of private character. No matter
what the justification—no private individual was
authorised to put forward what did not relate to
his own business ; and which, therefore, had a
prima facie appearance of malevolence. There
were indispensable points. Ist, That it was pub-
lished by an established journal, appearing pe-
riodically. 2d, That it was untainted by
malice. 3d, That it was for the public benefit.
If any of these requisites to the defence failed,
there must be an adverse verdict. If there were
malice it would not be excusable, although for
the public benefit ; and even if for the public
benefit it subjected the publisher to an action if
malice, either express or implied, could be proved.
The Daily News has passed safely through the
ordeal, and we earnestly and cordially congratulate
our contemporary on the auspicious result, ar:t
also the Fourth Estate and the public genet ally.
The Daily News has earned fur itself the nsti tude
of the nation for its manly and straightforward
conduct, that has established aud. I;',ftond on a solid
foundation a great principle, " Lord LUOAN v.
SMITH and Others" will henceforward be regarded
as a leading case, so far as the privileges of the
Press are concerned,.

Is it to tP.rn out a bloody drama, a serious
comedy, c,r a dull and dreary farce ? Is the
" tight divine," convicted of savagery and hypo-
chondriacal absurdity in the person of BOXBA,
to succumb, or to hold its sway despite the indig-
nation, the tears, the groans, and the blood of
an oppressed people? The British public cannot
but wait with anxiety to learn. The fleets look-
ing towards but not entering the Biy of Naples,
and the Circular of GOItTSCHAKOFF, enhance the
interest with which these inquiries are put. Un-
fortunately the whole affair is to this hour a pre-
cious muddle, and the reader must wait for au
answer. Time may leave milestemes in its track,
but is none, metaphorically or otherwise.
It moles, and the end must come. Though his
monstrosity
of Naples owes to this country his
succession to the throne, and his luckless subjects
all that his rule has brought with it, if in a more
remote degree, we
litan and Sicilian know very little of the Neapo-
people. What they are capable
of, what their resources, what the scope of
their desires, What would suffice to content
them—of these things we are lamentably igno-
rant. That the best and noblest have been out-
rageously abused and hate their oppressor—that
more or less of their
Russia and Austria lend him
countenance and support—grim countenance and
execrable support !—that France and Enrdand
have withdrawn theirs under circumstances of
protest, and that there has just been,
ainnddi
indignant
tably still is, a rising in Sicily, is about
the extent of our knowledge. The past surely
pledged us to more. Such, however, is the fact.
The precise nature of the growth of public opinion
since our unfortunate interference we have toguess
at, just as we have at the watchword of the
present revolt and its probable results.

That it is a revolt against tyranny and opprea•

sion, of this there can be no doubt. What we
want to be informed about is, have the insurrec-
tionists any distinct aims, any reliable promises of
support, any fair prospect of success ? Is it a
rising against the King, or the undue exercise of

his authority—a solitary and unadvised rising , '
without adequate support or the initiatory rising ;]
of the great majority of BomnA.'s subjects in '
Naples as well as Sicily ? And, if the latter, is it
to be followed by the general revolt of Italy ?
Even here speculation is unable to rest, and,
taking what seems to be the most probable view—
viz., that it is a solitary rising, it will
be asked—What will be the effect of the revolt in
the way of example ? Will it precipitate what
of late has been supposed to be impending ?
Leaving this bewildering maze, we must be
content for the present with hoping for a satis-
factory termination of this very unpleasant Nea-
politan affair, and biding the event. The moral of
it all, so far as we are more immediately concerned,
may, however, with great propriety be applied.
Had we considered the interests of ,the people
of the Two Sicilies instead of forcing the grand-
father of the present King upon them—nay, had
we on proof of his ingratitude and tyranny re-
deemed our error by establishing the rights of
the people cn a permanent basis, instead of allow-
ing the King to retain his title, leaving the
heir-apparent (the present King) to rule, we
should have escaped a great reproach,
and not now been involved in ridicule. Some
resolution undoubtedly was shown in insist-
ing on the practical abdication of FERDINAND,
but it is a great pity it was- not carried further.
Half measures in the right direction are gene-
rally bad measures, when whole measures are as
easy of accomplishment. Let us hope kingcraft
will henceforth have to look in vain for any aid
from us—for such intervention, as we have seen,
is essentially bad, nothing but evil having ever
come of it. If intervene we must, and such oc-
casion may arise, let it be on behalf of the people,
for their cause alone has in it the elements of
stability; their cause alone can contribute to our
honour and renown, to our satisfaction and tran-
quillity. One thing in connection with the ru-
mours given in our yesterday's impression respect-
ing the outbreak and the state of political parties
we shall be glad to have confirmed, viz., that the
pretensions of MIIRAT are at a discount in Sicily.
The less they have to do with him the better for
them and us.

While the good CLICQUOT is threatening to dis- 1
turb the peace and tranquillity of Europe on ac-
count of a " protectorate," not sanctioned or re-
cognised by the People, for whose interest he pro-
fesses an extraordinary regard, Great Britain has
very quietly and unostentatiously consented to
surrender a jewel, of a similar character, from
her diadem. She no longer claims to be the
Protector of the Mosquito Indians. It is true
that she has taken care of their interests, :insuring
them reasonable compensation, in the shape of an
annuity, for the loss and extinction of their rights
in the territory, now transferred to the Republic
of Honduras. The connection is thus terminated
in the manner most satisfactory for all parties.
We are no longer exposed to the risk of war
on account of parties incapable of defending
while they receive hard dollars in exchange for
blrren privileges of no benefit to themselves.
The Contention, which appeared in extenso in
our impression of yesterday, disposes of the re-
maining questions at issue respecting Central
America. There is, of course, no saying when
a new crop of grievances may spring up.
They are occasionally too valuable commo-
dities, more especially when electioneering
matters are coming to a crisis to get rid of the
entire stock. A fair 'reserve must be kept on
hand, and no doubt our transatlantic cousins
have not yet exposed their hands. We should,
however, desire, if possible, that every point-
should he disposed of at Lhe earliest opportunity,
so as to leave no snares or pitfalls that might bring
us very unwillingly into hostilities with any State
or people on the other side of the Atlantic. Bri-
tish subjects will be quieted in the enjoyment of

any property of which they may be in possessior4
in Ruatan or other islands in the Bay of Hop.,_
auras, and also in what may be termeA the
"ceded districts" transferred from the Mosqu-
itoes to the Republic of Honduras, while the
Indians themselves are to receive compensation
for similar property. The Br;;cish Government
recognises the mid-channel of the River Warm or
Segovia, as the future boun ',Lary between the Re-
(3.l. the territory of the
public of Honduras, an(
Mosquitoes, and any cla:tr.ns are to be investigated
by two Commissionexi,„ one appointed by each
party, and an umr,,* re selected by the two, whose
judgment shall
matters submitted be final and conclusive on all
for their decision.

This, tb
at one is the termination of a matter whim
at threatened to involve the naticni in
war,. and which might have led to the expenditure
°`a much money and the sacrifice of many valu-
' able lives. We can now judge for ourselves of
the nature of such quarrels, the fierceness whereof
arose from the manner in wlsfieh they were forced
upon us rather than the intrinsic value of the
matter in dispute. ThP, sooner we can get rid
of all such connexiwas—from which we derive
neither honour, advantage, nor even gratitude—
the better. We all know how much we suffered
from the Hanoverian relationship, until the bond
was happily severed on the accession of Queen
VICTORIA. We see how Prussia is now
hampered, and all Europe excited from
a frivolous claim. If ever there was a
time for placing all such matters between
ourselves and other nations on a satisfactory
foundation it is the present, and the Minister
that accomplishes the task will entitle himself to
the thanks and gratitude of the community. The
name of " Protection" has been frequently
used by unscrupulous Powers as an excuse for
usurping an absolute sovereignty. It would
be well for all nations to abolish, at once and for
ever, the specious pretext, save by a Council of
States, who might be bound to protect weaker
parties from unauthorised aad unjustifiable kiva.
sion by those stronger than themselves, and to
defend at all times the sacred cause o'L' right versus
might, whenever or where ver it may be venti-
lated,

COURT CAR( ATIAR.

-...__ ,‘,.

WINDSOR, DEC. 3.
Prince Albert, with the ?rince of Wales and Prince
Frederick William of PfUF sia, skated on the ice in the
Home Parkwaiting yeiterday alter noon, attanded by the gentle-
men in .
The Qaeen, with the yr manger members of the Royal
Family, walked in the grounds adjacent to the em
this morning.

Earl Granville gave I 'dinner to the Cabinet Ministers
yesterday at his reside nee in Bruton-street.
Viscount Palmerst, on arrived in town yesterday from
a visit to her Majest.,y at Windsor Castle.
A deputation con Aisting of Captain Mangles, Captain
Whisb, and Alr. Ti tffnell (chairman and directors of the
Royal Steam Mail , Company), and Mr. Just and Mr.
Naylor (directors of the Pacific Steam Navigation Com-
pany), had an int erview with the Earl of Clarendon on
Tuesday at the ] Foreign Office, on the subject of the
imposts levied at Panama by the G,lverament of New
Granada.
Count Bernat, Jrff, the Prussian Minister, arrived in
town yesterday f ro m a visit ,to the Queen at Windsor f
Castle.