The Sun.
London, England, 1860-06-14 00:00:00

RAILWAYS.

Cult. Account.
Orli fat A
Nos•th ern . 9BO .. 980
Near ditto 867 50 .. 867 50
Lyo is s and Mediterranean 876 25 .. 877 50
Ger e• va 402 50 .. 400
Southern
We st ern 572 50 ..
Ear mrn 597 50, .. 597 50
Satre ti aiaß 415 .. 417 50
Aus t -lan
Lon shard ..
E x change on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 121 c. •, money,
25f. 12c. ; three months, paper, 24f. 90c. ; money, 24f 871 c.

A. HINT TO MR..IIORACE MANN.—I don't be-

lieve .:a word of the Registrar-General's return. I have no
kind. ,of confidence in those Census papers which are occa-
sion ai'ly distrileuted at our houses. In point of fact, when
Ikr to w how the cook and housemaid at Gamma-lodge set
the It 4ws of their country at defiance upon the occasion of
the l tst returns, and yet have not been sent to Newgate or
the 4' over, neither has the Attorney-General done any-
thin s to their prejudice in an ex °Jim way, how is it pos-
sible to have confidence on more critical points ? Cook is
57 y e ars of age, if she is a day; she represented herself as
26. .Betty is a Particular Baptist, but returned herself as
a m( to fiber of the Establishment, because she considered it
more+ genteel.—Once a Week.
r, OMEN AND MEDICINE.—Women never have
been , and never will be, debarred from practising medicine,
opera, 7or on the sly. It is so natural to them, and so irre-
sisti bi .e while they live in families and have the charge of
the si ck that no remonstrance or ridicule has ever availed
to pto t a stop to female quacking. The best informed and
most, rational physicians have always seen, and the most
mulls; Teens have always said, from that day to this, that
the or ply cure is in making physicians of some well-quali-
fied -w omen, who alone can convince their sex of the seri-
ous' as es of medical practice, and the infinite mischief of
ing with the delicate organisation of the human frame
wit ho ut all the knowledge that can be obtained of the
stn.tct ure and action of its various parts. The time has '
arri v( 4J for this reform to begin.—Miss Martineau in Once
a Treek.

Vie Philosophy of Luggage. That there is
phi lo; iophy in luggage we are convinced ; we have known
pee )pl a who travelled with unnumbered boxes and
bai.;s2 and yet wore withcut essential comforts, and we
ha re held pleasant company with those who had extremely
coi np act arrangements, yet needed nothing. Some persons
are, a s diffuse and unmeaning in their packing as in their
comv ersation. We have seen a bit of top-string put round a
cht Ist of two hundredweight; we have seen an address left
on a,',• valise, indicating that it was to be sent to Bristol,
wb .en the owner fully intended it at the present time to go
to Ca mbridge ; we have seen hampers burst open at the
ist awkward moment, and parcels " come undone,"
w' lien it was impossible to do them up again,
w her eat the " lords of creation" generally " get
in a way," and make speeches as sharp as their razors.
Se JmEllow, men seldom put up heroically with trifling an-
no yai ices. They can look a bankruptcy in the face with
they ce ,urage of a lion, and often bear the death of a wife,
Wl' 10 lerought them ten thousand pounds, with Spartan re-
sig na .tion ; but give them an ill-cooked dinner, ask them to
wait for you five minutes, or let a parcel, as we have stated
abc n •e, run restive in their hands, and one might think a
ling ;t1 ipin was coining out of the world's axle, by the fuss and
fun.* ) they make. Poor things ! they are but human, after
all. Certainly, it is very provoking to find ourselves at a
railm ay-station, as the reputed proprietors of divers ad-
jur e nobody knowing exactly what or where,--trunks
• o rded, bags unfastened, brown paper bundles in most
eqr It vocal security, cloaks here, rugs there, and umbrellas
out 7. yonder. One gets into a heated bewilderment, that
lea n s us in our corner seat, with our " back to the horses,"
in a... state something between scarlet fever and nettle-rash.
Be at ;cured that philosophy and luggage have fan affinity
th at yields great personal comfort, and we advise all who
" pat ,k up" for general travelling excursions, to do with as
fe w p a,ckages as they can, and those packages as concen-
t!. ate las possible. Strap all loose wrappers together, and
tic: s all parasols, sticks, and the like, closely and firmly,
• :so arranged that they are easily available in case of re-
q iimition, and put plain addressee on 'every package.
ow all the impeding animalcula of locomotion—such
a. t in describable baskets filled with everything that is never
anted, bunches of flowers that are dead long before they
rGaFli the hands they were intended for, bags of biscuits
• iyou never eat, or it you do, only remind you of the
Tiossil nlity of getting bread from sawdust. Carry no more
'nooks and papers than you can put in your pocket, and above
all, as the highest practical point of the " philosophy of
luggaige," renounce band-boxes,—.Eliza Cook's " Jottings I
front any Journal."

LITERATURE.

Voyage en I?ussie, en 1856. Par M. Boucher de
Perthes. 1 Tome, pp. 580, Paris, 1859.
A delightful volume of travels by a writer of rare
ability and, in his own country, of very considerable
reputation. • It is a production which happens to be
peculiarly welcome to us at this moment, bringing
the name of Monsieur Boucher de Perthes before us,
as it does, at a time the most opportune imaginable.
The present juncture, in truth, is one—political,
economic, and commercial—affording to us, in this
writer's regard, precisely the very instant he him-
self could best have desiderated for an introduction
to the English public generally. For, are we not
all of us now, both in England and France, exactly
in the very midst of those mercantile re-arrange-
ments which are supposed to have sprung origi-
ginally from the revelation to our Gallic neigh•
beurs, by the hon. member for Rochdale, of the
Free-Trade principles and the Free-Trade Philoso-
phy ? Than which impression, however,—it must
be confessed in all candour and simplicity—there
has seldom been one more extravagantly illusory
and erroneous. Mr. Cobden, the introducer into
France of the Free-Trade Principles and the Free-
Trade Philosophy ! As well might one seriously
regard Amerigo Vespucci as the genuine discoverer
of the new world—Columbus himself to the con-
trary, notwithstanding! But, alas ! it is ever thus
in all the arts and in all the sciences—it was thus
before, it has continued to be thus ever since, the
great Mantuan poet capped his own unfinished and
anonymous distich in honour of Augustus to the
confusion of the poetaster Bathyllus :
" Sic vos non vobis nidificates ayes ;
Sic vos non vobis vellera fertis oyes :
Sic vos non vobis mellificatis apes :
Sic vos non vobis fertis aratra boves."
And so it has come to pass that the member for
Rochdale is now enjoying the fame among the
generality, both there in France and here in Eng-
land, of being the Free Trade Apostle, in despite
and defiance of all the Opinions ever published by
Monsieur Cristophe of Abbeville. M. Cristophe
sows anything but the storm, and Mr. Cobden
reaps anything but the whirlwind. M. Cristophe
sows broadcast the seeds of Free Trade, and the
fruition of them is poured in the fullness of time
into Mr. Cobden's pocket, and within the magic
circle of his reputation, as from an inexhaustible
cornucopeia. The truth being, nevertheless, quite
indubitably that years and years before ever Mr.
Cobden had set about his famous Free Trade agita-
tion in the United Kingdom—MM. Boucher de
Perthes and Michel Chevalier had propounded and
promulgated in philosophical arguments addressed
to the French population, and through that popula-
tion to the rest of the nations of Christendom, those
grand and wise economic doctrines which are now
diffusing broader and broader light over the earth as
with the dawn of a new civilisation. All this is
as indisputable as that Mr. Cobden himself here in
England had been preceded as a free-trade advo-
cate by the written arguments of Adam Smith
and the spoken arguments of William Huskisson.
What is that chivalric motto emblazoned under the
heraldic device of Nelson ? Is it not the old cry
that has rung so often through the dust
of the knightly tournay—" Palmam qui meruit
ferat ?" The " palm" here belongs by right to
men like MM. Boucher de Perthes and Michel
Chevalier—let Mr. Cobden rest contented with the
" oil-of-palm" (as money has been christened in
the poetry of slang) rung out to him fourteen years
ago to the tune of £BO,OOO sterling ! But—some
may ask wonderingly—indeed many may in this
country put the inquiry in some bewilderment—.
You have spoken of M. Cristophe as well as of
MM. Boucher de Perthes and Michel Che-
valier— and who then may M. Cristophe be
in the name of fortune ? " Not to know
him,'"' we may reply—(though " the proverb's some-
what musty")—" argues yourself unknown." Be
it known then to those to whom these presents may
come—to those Englishmen who are yet unac-
quainted with a fact long years back delightfully
familiar to almost every educated Frenchman—
Monsieur Cristophe is the alter ego, the noin de
plume, the half-mask, the pseudonym of M. Boucher
de Perthes. It is to M. de Pert hes what " Timon"
has been to M. de Cormenin, what " Drapier" was
to Dean Swift, what "Plymly" was a few years
back to that Great Gun among English wits the
Canon of St. Paul's, what " Boz" is yet remembered
to have been once upon a time to the greatest of
our English Humorists. Under the shadowy name
of Monsieur Cristophe, M. Boucher de Perthes
issued from the French Press—long before Mr.
Cobden dreamt of being returned to Parliament (as
he was for the first time in 1841 as M.P. for Stock-
port)—M. do Perthes, we say, had long prior to
Mr. Cobden's appearance as a Free Trader or even
as a politician, given to the public in his own coun-
try the celebrated Opinions de Monsieur Cristophe
in four separate instalments—the first " partie"
being entitled" Sur la Liberte du Cbmnierce," and
the second quite as suggestively " Voyage commer-
cial et philosophique." As about the first and fore-
most of all Free Traders in France therefore, M.
Boucher de Perthes is peculiarly entitled at our
hands—especially in this year of grace 1860, the
year of this much talked of Commercial Treaty be-
tween France and England—to our honourable
mention, to our cordial welcome and honest recog-
nition. At the very least this gifted author claims
indefeasably es a right the privilege of sharing
the honours—appertaining to the earliest known
Apostles of Free Trade—with his eminent
countryman M. Michel Chevalier. They are the
Leverrier and the Adam of this outermost planet
in the complex system of political economy—
the one embracing within the circumference of its
vast orbit the whole of the minor worlds circling
within and around each other in the empyrean of
mercantile philosophy.
Apart, however, from his important Free Trade
arguments and politico-economic disquisitions under
the assumed name, style, and title of M. Cris-
tophe, M. Boucher de Perthes has acquired for
himself, in France especially, but in a lesser degree
elsewhere upon the European continent, a very
noticeable reputation in a singular variety of the
manifold departments of polite literature. His
works—numbering them in volumes—amount alto-
gether to very nearly thirty; if we are not mis-
taken, they extend to precisely seven-and-twenty
substantial tomes—distributed in sixteen distinct
publications. These writings include among them
—tales, romances, legends, ballads, songs, satires,
essays, sketches, dramas, and recollections. They,
embrace, among other more serious and more pre-
tentious works, five volumes Be la Creation—a
treatise on the origin and progression of existences.
They range from the lighter Contes et Chansonnettes,
to the more sober Antiquites Celtiques et Antedi-
luviennes. They present to us, in agreeable diver-
sity, a volume of .IVouvelles, another compacting
together Quelques Lettres de l'emme—two volumes
entitled isquisses de ?mews administratives—four
volumes comprehensively designated flommes et
Choses. Altogether, as we have said, 27 volumes,
or 16 distinct publications. Conspicuous among
these miscellaneous writings are four works in
which M. Boucher de Perthes appears before his
readers simply and avowedly in his character as a
Traveller. The latest of these we have now lying
before us—a goodly tome, in forty-eight chapters,
in which our author recounts to us, as a witty
Frenchman only can—with that effervescent
vivacity which is among the most delightful cha-
racteristics, which is, in fact, the distinguishing
characteristic of his race—his experiences as a
traveller through Russia, in 1856, the year of the
reigning Emperor's coronation at Moscow. M. de
Perthes had previously travelled, and recounted
his travels through Denmark, through. Sweden,
through Spain, through Algeria, and through-and-
through Constantinople. • He tells us at the outset
of his present effusion, that his design, in 1856,
had been originally to pass from the Eastern to the
Western hemisphere—seeking "fresh fields and
pastures new" upon the virgin soil of America.
The temptation to witness some, at least, of the
ceremonials attendant upon the anointing and
crowning of the Czar Alexander IL, was too
powerful, however. And, as surely as the slope of
Russia itself is, according to M. de Lamartine,
" towards the East"—so did our literary nomad,
M. de Perthes, find, in 1856, that his
was " towards Russia" inexorably. His plans
changed, his passports (which had actually
been Made out for America) altered-
-behold him, then, at his third page en route for
his new destination. And a charming, gossipping,
exhilarating, instructive, and most facinating com-
panion he proves to be—as the reader will find who
is fortunate enough to accept him as such through
these very nearly 600 pages descriptive of a Voyage
en E.ussie, and of the return homewards again by
way of Lithuania, Poland, Silesia, Saxony, Nassau,
and Wiesbaden. As an example of the mere man-
ner of our author (but, then, has not Buffon averred
—le style, c'est l'hon11110?)--as the mere "brick" of
the old Hieroclesian skolastikos—the subjoined
fragmentary passage, taken almost haphazard, may
not be unacceptable. It will, at any rate, serve to
afford our English readers a specimen of M. de
Perthes' animated powers of description, while
bringing them pleasantly face to face with one
-vhorn (thus depicted) they will not find themselves
unwilling to greet fraternally as a worthy type of
the travelling Civis Britannicus ;
Assez decontenance demon aventure, je me dirige vers
l'hdtel. Je terliti3 beaucoup a ma montre, jo la portais
depuis vingt ans. . . . Je regrettais un vieux cachet,
meuble non morns venerable, et portant les armoiries de
ma famille.
Quand j'entrai, la table etait an grand complet. M.
Spink me teamigna son regret de me voir arriver si
.tard,
car déjà on avait en partie consomme un fort bran poison
la Neva, qu'il avait, disait-il fait servir a mon intention.
Je le remertiai, et pour m'excuser je lui racontai a demi you
ce qui m'etait arrive, sans me preoccuper outrement de mes

compagnons de table, que je croyais trop affair6s autour du
miraculeux poisson, pour faire attention a mes paroles. En
ceci je me trompais, et je finiasais la description
des manieres beates et des mines confites de mes
saints velours lorsque q'entendis partir du milieu
de la table le plus retentissant eclat de rire
qui ait jamais frappe ra on oreille, Jo regarde, le rieur etait
un jeune homme a la figure
.pale, au type nettement Britan-
nique. Des que son acces tut un peu calme it se met a
faire en Anglais la narration de ma mesaventure , qu'il
egaya sans doute, car son hflarite, gagna immeliatement
la societe entier6, sauf M. Spink, qui avait l'air frappe de
stupeur. Quant a moi, je faisais une pauvre mine, no
sachant si je devais rire ou me facher. Je crois quo la
mauvaise humeur allait I'emporter, quand le conteur, com-
prenant qu'il pouvait m'aveir blesse, se love, vient a moi,
et, avec une franchise toute gracieuse, me dit en Francais :
—Pardonnez moi, Monsieur, mais votre accident etait
raconte d'une mainare si originale que je n'ai pas pu re-
sister, et si ces messieurs ont ri et rient encore de si
bon coeur, c' est que je leur ai trad nit litteralement vos paroles.
—Comme je tardais a lui repondre, it ajouta :—Disposez
de moi, je connais St. Petersburg, et ses usages, et si vous
voulez me le permettre, je vous conduirai apres dejeaner,
chez le magistrat qui peut vous faire retrouver votre montre.
La-des.sus it m'offrit la main que j'acceptai.
Mon nouvel ami, age de trente a trente-cinque ans,
grand, elance, avait dans I'expression du visage, dans le
geste et dans la voix tons ce qui denote un parfait gentil-
homme. 11 se nommait, comme it me I'apprit bientat,
Keon (Miles Gerald). Habitant de Londres, et l'un des re-
daeteurs duiforningPost,il etait venu en Russie pour assister
au couronnement et en donner la relation. M. Keon sur
lequel j'aurai souvent l'occasion de revenir, ami particulier
de I'ecrivain celebre Sir Edouard Bulwer Lytton est
Irlandais et Catholique zele, it ecrit et pane facilement
le Francais, connait au inicux notre litterature, et comme
helleniste et latiniste ii est de premiere force. Malbeu-
reusement ' un peu fantasque, ainsi que tons les Anglais
gens d'esprit, it se preoccupe fort de sa sante, en faisant pre-
cisement tout ce qu'il faut pour la detruire. Sa maniere de
travailler n'etait ni plus hygienique ni plus rationnelle :
presse de besogne, it passait le jour a flamer; et puis, au lieu
de se toucher, it ecrivait toute la nuit, mais alors it le
faisait avec une facilite merveilleuse.

Throughout the whole forty-eight chapters into
which this record of M. de Perthes' travels in
Russia, Lithuania, Poland, Silesia, Saxony, and
Nassau has been subdivided, the spirit animating
every sentence of the foregoing passage is unflag-
gingly sustained. The entire volume may be de-
scribed, if not as an ebullition of high animal spirits,
at least as an effusion, sparkling with good humour
and with evidences of good qualities both in head
and heart, such as the dullest and least sym-
pathetic of readers must find in the highest
degree exhilarating. The secret of our author's
lucidity and volubility, however, is easily
enough told. Has he not himself remarked as
truthfully as sententiously towards the close of his
last page—" Quand un homme zoos park de ce
qu'il comprend bien,il est tozfjortrs clair et eloquent ?"
And, manifestly, he himself understands to the full,
and possesses to the full the happiest qualifications
that go to constitute an almost perfect travelling
companion. The feelings thereby awakened be-
tween himself and his readers are, by the time the
perusal of this pleasant volume has been completed,
not merely those of the most amiable character,
they are feelings right cordially and thoroughly
reciprocated. If M. Boucher de Perthes can in
spirit bid adieu to each of his unseen readers with
an implied rather than articulated au revoir —that
kindly farewell will be echoed back to him as
surely from those who may turn these entertaining
pages with an equally hearty though no less inar-
ticulate a rivederla ! With which sentiment—un-
affectedly expressed—we will let our comments
upon the Voyage en Eussie terminate.