The Sun.
London, England, 1869-05-08 00:00:00

THE StiN,__LO_NDO_N, SATURDAY EVENING, MAY 8, 1860.

2111SCELLA4VEOUS NEWS.

THE UNITED STATES V. TUE UNITED KINGDOM.
This long-drawn cause does not seer to be ap-
proaching anything like a termination. The special
, l correspondent of the Daily Telegraph, writing from
Washington en April 23, says that Mr. Motley was
in that city and his instructions were being drawn
up by the late Attorney-General and Mr. Caleb
Cushing, both able lawyers, and the new
ambassador will present in a very formal
and elaborate manner the American case as
against England. The correspondent goes on to
give particulars which, if they be well founded,
show that the position of this question is extremely
grave,
and that the relations between the two
countries, instead of being of that friendly and
cordial character which Mr. Ileverdy Johnson has
all along described them to be, are likely to become
exceedingly strained. The correspondent says, "111 r.
Motley's case, I have been assured, will not greatly
differ from the line of argument pursued by Mr.
Sumner; he will contend that the recog-
nition of belligerent rights in the Confede-
rates was a wrong to be acknowledged, and
that the Alabama claims shall not be put upon the
ordinary footing of international claims ; also, that
the measure of damages is not to be limited to the
ships actually destroyed by the Alabama and her
consorts, but that something like a hundred millions
of dollars is to be added for the general loss to the
national marine. In a word, I apprehend that views
will be presented which, if not going quite so far as
Mr. Sumner's speech, shall, at least, transcend the
limits of the American claims as heretofore pre-
sented?' Mr. Sumner, at least, expects this; but the
correspondent does not suppose that the public men
of the country anticipate that England will yield.
He imagines that they rather think to keep the
question open, unsettled, in order to press it at some
time less favourable to us, and when, therefore, we
shall be compelled to concede something more than
we conceded under the Alabama convention. War
is not looked for, at least not with England. The
ships in the American dockyards are, indeed, being
got ready with so much haste and energy, under the
supervision of Admiral Porter, that evidently some-
thing
is on hand ; but that something is supposed to
be the annexation of Cuba rather than a raid up the
Mersey.
In a leader on this subject, which is evidently of
official inspiration, the Daily Telegraph considers
that Mr. Sumner's speech, wild as it was, did, never-
theless, express the opinions of a very influential
party in the United States. Our contemporary fully
expects that Mr. Motley will be instructed to make
demands for the most part embodying that speech,
and says that while Mr. Motley will, of course, be
received with courtesy, "he will be told, in
1 language of the utmost clearness and sincerity,
that his pretensions are utterly inadmissible; that
the claims he advocates cannot even be examined, in
1 the absence of a basis for discussion; and that the

concessions we have already made go to the extreme
verge of what our national dignity and our rights as
an independent Power will permit." The Telegraph
does not imagine that this step will lead to a rupture.
i The truth is the Americans are just now sore and
suffering ; especially do they feel the burden of taxa-
tion, and they would be very glad to transfer half
their national debt to our shoulders. But we shall
at once shew that we have not any intention of listen-
ing to such wild novelties, and it is not likely that the
Americans will increase their burdens by entering
upon another war. Our policy is silence and
patience, believing that the wholesome influences of
time and the mature judgrL cut of the American
people will bring about the 'desired settlement.
The Times, in a leader on this subject, admits that
the matter has become very grave. It deeply laments
that Mr. Sumner's speech should have revived an
unreasoning animosity that had subsided. It points
out the absurdity of Mr. Sumner's supposition that
the newer of the No; th was 'paralysed by a single
piratical steamer, and that the mere sound of a royal
proclamation struck sash terror into the ranks of the
Northern armies as to cost them two or three years of
war. The Ti2nes plainly tells the Amer:cans that we shall
absolutely refuse to listen to their new demands. We
endeavoured to do what was just, and we altogether
decline to submit our motives to any arbitration. We
are willing to submit our conduct to such arbitration,
to leave it to the arbiter to say if we were culpably
negligent, and to pay the cost of our negligence if
it is proved. More than that we cannot and will not
do. In fact, the demand for more is so unreasonable
that, unless there is a settled intention to pick a
quarrel, Mr. Sumner's policy is too preposterous to
be entertained.
Mr. Goldwin Smith writes to the Beehive, from
Boston, April 18, on the present relations between
the two countries. They are not what he could wish,
and though he does not expect hostilities, he thinks
that war is a by no means impossible contingency.
Ile says :
-ltucth
"The information respecting the prospects of English ,
a ;lblutwtahse
s aemigration, which I was requested to procure, had been
scsendcittefdortoe best to
publication in - our ofn
y a
b3r
columns
,m
of
Mr. Sumner has had so great an effect in reviving
American hostility to England, and the continuance of
friendly relations h,-tween the two countries appears at this
moment to be in such peril, that I fear the promoters and
organisers of English emigration cannot for the present
prudently turn their thoughts in this dim ection. Judging
from what I know of the general temper of the American
people, and from the language respecting Mr. Sumner's
speech which I hear held in conversation, I should say
there would Le no rupture; Lut at the same time I hold
myself prepared for a turn of affairs which would oblige
English residents to leave this country."

COLO'N'IAL EMIGRATION,

Sir George Grey, the late Governor-General of
New Zealand, has been giving his opinion at the
Society of Arts on colonial emigration. Ile was very
strongly in favour of sending persons who had failed
to obtain 'employment in this country to Australia
or to New Zealand, there to commence a new course
of life ; and he became quite angry that any
one should think - differently from himself.
He denounced the nation, which grudged the money
necessary to the exportation of paupers, and urged
that the poor assisted to emigrate would, when suc-
cessful, willingly refund the outlay. Ho-7 the nation,
as such, could obtain such a hold over emigrants as
to be able to come down upon them, when success-
ful, for money lent, Sir George did not say. But he
did go on to find fault with our treatment of the
poor in this country, and told a story of having seen
some miserable wretches huddled together near Buck-
ingham Palace late one night. He spoke to them, and
learnt that they meant to sleep there. This (he went
on to say) would have been impracticable in Austra-
lia or New Zealand. " The colonists would have
taken all to their homes ; they would have fed,
lodged, and provided for them. It was a sad fact
that such a state of things existed in England. It
seemed a terrible thing that there was no great
English statesman found who could be able to move
a hand in the matter." Here, again, what did Sir
George mean ? It would undoubtedly be a very
nice thing if we could get society into such a state
that, charity being met by honesty, the well-to-do
might assist the " outcast ; " but for that matter
it would be better if there were no outcasts
at all. While there are, while any favour shewn to
them serves only to increase their number fourfold,
and while they are usually dishonest as well as poor,
the State cannot do more than provide a refuge for
them, cannot do less than insist upon the mainten-
ance of order where they rest. If they want liberty
rather than shelter, the State cannot be at fault.
t is very well to strive after the ideal ; but Sir
George should blame no one for not having accom-
plished the impracticable.

die, after a night of it, during which the excitement
was well sustained, the personal qualifications and
characters of gentlemen being discussed, while all
said being " privileged," friends and enemies had a
fine time. On the 23d Senators Bayard, Brownlow,
Conkling, Edmunds, Ferry, Grimes, Hamilton,
Hamlin, Howe, M'Creery, Morrill, Norton, Prett,
Scott, Vickers, Wiley, and Fenton left Washing-
ton for their homes. It was reported that Senator
Morton had been stricken with paralysis on the floor
of the Chamber, but this proved to be a gross ex-
aggeration, as he had merely fainted from over-
work and heat. Secretary Boutwell has also left
Washington on a short visit to Boston.
The closing scene which excited most interest was
Senator Nye's response to Mr. Sprague, which col.
minated in the evening in something very like a
"row." The Senator from Nevada made a long
speech in defence of Burnside, the Rhode Island
troops, and himself, showing that he was not " the
harlequin of the Senate," as he had been termed, but
although hewas followed in the same strain by Sena-
tors Chandler, Abbott, and Horton, Senator Sprague
still boldly confronted his foes. In the President's
chair was Smator Anthony, his colleague, with
whom he is at war. While in the fling of his remarks,
he fell foul of Commodore Vanderbilt and the in-
famous Fisk (junior), as be termed that gentle-
man. In answer to Mr. Abbott, he was reminded
of a little illustration the Senate might apply,
which occurred in his travels into the rural districts,
through the woods and farms of the surrounding
neighbourhood. Chance brought him to a place,
where he discovered, on looking up, a large mas-
tiff and a mongrel puppy dog. The little dog
moved on him with rapidity, barking at his heels ;
but a kick sent him away howling to take shelter
by his larger companion, and the overgrown mas-
tiff followed. We give these remarks, for on this
little story hung the fight. Mr. Abbott, satisfied that
he was the puppy, wanted to know in the evening
session whether the application was correct, and if
an apology was refused he intended ' to have satis-
faction outside the Chamber. As he observed the
Senator " bad skulked out," he now gave notice
that he would exact such retribution. Then Sena-
tor Sumner, springing forward in :an excited tone,
raised a point of order. The Senator bad avowed
his determination to violate a law of the laud, but
Mr. Anthony ruled that he did not consider the de-
claratio❑ an intention to infringe any law. Mr.
Abbott explained that he was not a duellist, and
did not mea❑ that sort of thing; nevertheless, satis-
faction he would have outside, and to this he ad-
hered, while the Senate went into Executive Session.
Senator Anthony's ruling is generally condemned.
Senator Sprague filled 12 columns of the Globe
with the letters the Senate had given him permission
toprint, he had received from all parts commending
his recent speeches. They come from Henry Brooks
Adams, son of Charles Francis Adams, 0. S.
Halsted cf New Jersey, William Barney of New
York, Nahum Cassum of Boston, George M. Wes-
ton of Bangor, Maine, Charles Stanford, a Re-
publican mealber of the New York State Legisla-
ture, John Mullally, editor of an Irish Demo
cratic paper in New York City, and over 100 others.
We are bound to say that Mr. Sprague has spoken
with much precision and openness, and although he
has raised a hornet's nest, he is not without me:it.
During the day following Senator Abbott's terrible
threats, he remained quietly at home while the latter
went about transacting his business and breathing
vengeance, sternly resisting the friends who advised
him to let the matter drop. Senator Sprague says
he will defend himself, but not accept a challenge,
and this was the stage the Rhode Island Senator's
proceedings bad reached when the mail left.

General Graut has taken the extraordinary course
of endeavouring to avert future Indian wars, by
nothinating as In lian agents eighteen Quakers.
The following are the names of the "Friends :"
Howard White, at Omaha ; Laurie Tathem, for
Kiowas, Apaches, and Comanches ; Brinton Dar-

lington, Upper Arkansas; Albert E. Green, Upper
Missouri; alward Painter, Upper Platte; Reuben
L. Roberts, Shawnees, Kansas ; Thomas IL Stan-

ley, for Pottawatomie. Indians, Kansas; Jacob M.
'l'ruch, for Pawnees, Nebraska ; Thomas Lightfoot,
for Great Nelvmmas; I. I.ll'Neal, for the Sac and
Fox Indians; A. AL Jansey, for the Sante Sioux ;
Edward Prayne, for the Pawnees ; J. G. Tyson,

for the Winnebagos , James Stanley, for the Usages;
Richards, for the Delaware Indians in Kansas; J.
Newsen, for the Kansas Agency; Enoch loge,
Superintendent of Indian Affa'ra for the Central
Superintendency ; and Samuel M. Januery, Super-
intendent for the Northern Superintendency. Two
of them were rejected by the Senate, and others
substituted. Colonel Parker, the Commissioner,
was about to enter on his duties. Major Charles E.
Mix, who has been Chief Clerk, and has acted from
time to tine as Commissioner for Indian
for 33 years, has been removed, and is succeeded by
Mr. B. Waugh of Marylan I. The former retired
on the Ist of May.
Mr. Sumner's speech is producing its natural re-
sults. Bills for damages can be made out by other
nations, as well as by the great Republic, and
the Dominion is about to try her band- The
Spaniards no doubt can bounce a little ton, and if

they suppress the insurrection in Cuba, a Spanish

Sumner may draw out in the Cortex a bill agains.

the United States. The lion. Galt, in order to
give the Canadian Parliament a means of express-

ing an opinion on the proceedings in the United
States' Senate, and the proposal to surrender
the British American possessions as the basis of
negotiations for the settlement of the Alabama
claims, moved for a return of the expenses incurred
in preparing for the defence of the frontier during
the threatened Fenian raid. He de.ired that the
papers should be laid on the table relating to the
coat in 1863-64, and subsequently, as constituting a
claim for indemnity against the United States.
The Spanish Minister, at Washington, urged the
President to forbid by Proclamation, the citizens of
the United States from aiding the Cuban insur-

gents, but Secretary Fish had resisted the pressure,
drawing a broad distinction between the fillibus-
tering expeditions of 1851 and the generous assist-
ance now tendered to the Cubans straggling for their
Independence. Although Admiral Hoff, who com-
mands the squadrou off the island, reports that no
munitions of war, in any material quantity, had
boen landed, so far as he could ascertain, letters
had beeu received at Washington showing that a

cargo of rifles and three heavy guns had been re-
ceived by the insurgents. They contradict the
report of Spanish successes, but acknowledge that
they await the arrival of more war material from
America before inaugurating a regular campaign.
Whether Admiral Hoff shut his eyes, and, like

Nelson at Copenhagen, did not see what he did
not want to see, we cannot tell, but it appears to be
a fact that from New York City alone the equip-
ment for 20,000 men had been safely dispatched.

Not only are Cuban volunteers drilling, but the
men are being conveyed to the scene of action as
soon as ready ; GO having embarked ou the 22d of

April, trained and officered. The next party were
to sail from Boston, and several officers employed
in the late war had already arrived in that city.
From Philadelphia a supply of men and annnuni-

tion, sufficient to fill a big steamer, had been shipped
at a point near Cape May. Several Southern cities
were also supplying their quota.

The usual monthly statement published by the
Secretary of the Treasury shows the Debt of the
United States on the Ist of May to have been
$2,601,900,000, including accrued interest and
Pacific Railway Bonds. This represents a de-
crease during the last month of $1,200,000. Dur-
ing the past month the Government receipts were
in excess of the expenditure $1,400,000. Beuter's
telegram tinnoances the decrease of the debt dur-
ing April to have been $6,250,000. The S.2cre-
tary has given public notice that he will receive
sealed tenders for the purchase of gold until
noon on eveiy Thursday in sums of not less than
$5,000, payment to be made in greenbacks or Three
per Cent Certificates, the successful bidder deposit-
ing 5 per emit. of tip purchase money on the day
of sale. By pre-paying the capons, the Treasury
has so far saved something under $2,000.
Senator Sumner's speech is said to have opened a
lively time to the New York speculators in .gold,
but if what the London Times says be true it must
have au effect in hastening the financial crash it there
predicts. What the Cicy Article state - is, that there

is great inflation in America, fostered by the sale of
United States Bonds is Europe. One hundred and
fifty millions sterling of these Securities have been
transferred to Europe, yet this is but half the sup-
ply available, and the other moiety, so long as
Europe will purchase, can be used as gas for the
New York balloon. These Securities not only pay
for the excess in the value of the imports into New
York from Great Britain over the exports to that
country, but are causing a drain of gold from the
Bank of England, which has so far been felt as to
cause a further rise in the rate of discount from
4to 4i last Thursday. If Mr. Sumner's speech has
shaken the growing confidence in United States
Securities, it will, of course, render them less sale-
able. From Frankfort the report is that there is a
flatness produced by genuine alarm on the part of
small holders, and if this feeling spreads the Bonds
would go back to New York at a rate which would
apply a most effective test to the state of trade
there. Senator Sumner may have helped gold spe-
culators, but he certainly did not help the investors
in, or the speculative holders of, American Securi-
ties, and we fear that the ground lost through his
action is not likely to be soon recovered.
A terrible accident occurred on the Long Island
Railroad on the 23d April, just beyond Jamaica.
Three cars left Hunter's Point at 10.30, and when
there the driver was startled by a sudden jar and
crash, when he instantly stopped. The third car
had been thrown from the track by a broken " Eng-
lish" rail lately 1 tid. In some unaccountable way
its foremost truck was tipped up so as to be per-
pendicular instead of horizontal ; the wheel being
dashed into the car, tore through the floor, rip-
ping the seats from their fastenings, and ended by
knocking off the hind truck, when the car dropped
on the track. Unfortunately the coupling held tena-
ciously, and the carriage was thus jerked along
behind the train for 50 yards, grinding the pas-
sengers beneath it, and strewing the road with
the killed and wounded. T. C. Shanahan, a rail-
way contractor, and much esteemed citizen of
Rhode Island, was killed ; as were William C.
Rushmore, of Hampstead, Long Island, president
of the Atlantic National Bank, at Brooklyn ; his
nephew, Dr. Orestes, M. Pray, who a year ago
had returned from Europe, where he had been
studying in Germany, and had been married but a
few months; his mother, Matilda R. Pray; Geo.
Van Nostrand and Jennie Adams. About fifteen
others were more or less injured. A girl about 14
years of age escaped uninjured, as did an infant in
its mother's arms. A passenger described his sen-
sation as hearing a jar and a crash, but before he
could understand what had happened, felt thinas
hitting him on the head as if he was in a tremen-
dous hailstorm

Disastrous intelligence was being received in
New York when the mail left of the damage caused
by the recent heavy freshets and severe storms. It
was alike bad in all the Northern States and in Ca-
nada. At Albany the water reached within two feet
of the great freshet of 1857, and was still rapidly
rising. The lower section was inundated, Broadway
being navigable for a quarter. of a mile ; the rail-
roads were under water and trains stopped. The
Merrimac was similarly flooded, a locomotive was
lost at Utica, and the Black River carried away a
number of houses, as well as the Connecticut river.
which at Springfield reached 21 feet above the low-
water mark. At Saratoga and at Utica the dams
were carried away ; at Hartford the Connecticut
was more than 36 feet above low-water mark, and
the canals of the Windsor Locks were so damaged
as to suspend operations for a month, throwing 300
hands out of employment. At Granby, Canada,
the principal bridge was carriel away, precipitating
11 persons into the water who were watching the
flood, when all were drowned. Two men were
drowned at St. Andrews, two at Upton, two at
Longueill, and all these towns were greatly damaged.
The Grand Trunk Embankment between Water-
ville and Lennoxville has been washed away.
A bill has been introduced for the suppression of
Mr. O'Sullivan, the Mayor of Cork, which will not
improbably transfer him from the mayoralty of that
interesting and loyal town to the floor of the House.
Of course he becomes a martyr, and being a man
with a grievance his proper place is in the Com-
mons. It is evident the people of Youghal think
so, for they have tendered, and he has accepted, ari
invitation to stand for the vacancy there. If he
only occupies as much of the time of Parliament as
Mr. Chisholm Anstey, who was once the mem-
ber from that place, he will da soluAlling to venti-
late his grievance and to vindicate the Fenian cause.
to the North American Review there is an article
from the pen of Mr. Henry B. Adams, a son of
the late Minister to London, wherein the Alabama
Convention is discussed, and many interesting facts
connected therewith given. His opinion, although
it agrees with that of his father, is opposed to the
view taken by nearly all Americans. He considers
the treaty so contemptuously rejected by the Senate
to have been a great triumph of American diplo-
macy; that it conceded the principle demanded by
the Republic, and a surrender on the part of the
English of the points formerly in dispute. He
rightly predicted that it was all that could be ob-
tained, and in rejection opened the risk of a refusal
on the part of Great Britain again to coneede so
much. An extraordinary delusion appears to exist
in the united States that delay and a hostile atti-
tude injures Great Britain, but does not injure the
Republic. Calculating the loss from a money point
of view, for £1 lost by Great Britain there will be
£3 lost in its credit to the United States, and it
not impossible. that a serious fall in the value of
the bonds, which must inevitably follow any real
alarm, and a rise in the price of gold, would pro-
duce a commercial panic.
Attorney-General Hoar, in reply to Secretary
Borie's letter asking the meaning and effect of the
Eight Hours' Act, observes that he saw no reason
to differ from Mr. Evarts. Ile thinks the statute
has nothing to do with the wages in navy yards,
and in no degree interferes with the rate which,
according to the statute of 1862, ought to conform
with those of private- establishmen•s in the imme-
diate vicinity, modified and arranged by the Com-
mandants of the yards. Mr. Hoar says :
"If private establishments in the neighbourhood em-
ployed their hands five hours a day only, there , bviously
would be no justice in reducing the wages of those em-
ployed in navy yards for eight Lours to the amount paid
by day in private establishments, and the law intended no
such result. On the other hand, I find nothing in the
statute which requires you to pay the same price for eight
hours' labour which private establishments pay for ten or
twelve hours. - The amount of service rendered or quality
of the work make the fewer hours in navy yards equiva-
lent in value to the longer time hired in private establish-
ments, or for some other reason make it consistent with
the public interest."

Senator Wilson dissented from this interpretation,
as the law was framed in response to numerous
petitions of mechanics and working men, the inten-
tion being to meet their views, which, he conteaded,
the wording of the Act plainly did. Secretary Boric
issued a circular allowing Commandants to employ
the men on extra hours, and thus the law is defeated,
the movement only ending in the men getting per-
mission as a boon to go on for two hours beyond
the legal day's work for the same wages as before.

A deputation of Virginians, with Gen. Robert E.
Lee acting as chairman, is on a visit to Baltimore to lay
before the citizens the importance of extending the Vir-
ginia Valley Railroad, and to urge the assistance and co-
operation of the city in the work.
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