The Sun.
London, England, 1860-03-20 00:00:00

(BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPR.)

GRAVESEND, Tuesday Morning.
Wind, W.S.W. ; tide, half flood ; weather fine.
Arrived, March 19—Harrington, from Algoa Bay ;
Elizaboth, from Manilla; Zalsoken, from Penang; Mary
Ellen, from Segna • Norwich, from Colombo.
Arrived, March 20—Carroneberg, and Witch of the Seas,
from Mauritius ; Fui ot, and Thea, from Gravelines ; Con-
cord, from Brussels ; Omagh, from,Port Augusta.
DEAL, Tuesday Morning.

Wind, W.N.W., moderate.
Passed—Queen of Mauritius, from Mauritius; Catherine,
from New York ; Cleveland, from Foo-chow-foo--all for
London ; Queen of the South, from St. Michael's, for
Hull.

ELECTION OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA FOR THE TOWN OF VICTORIA.—
Saturday morning, at an early hour, the vicinity of the
police court and the sheriff's office, where the polling booths
had been placed, was already alive with anxious voters,
eager for the expected struggle. For some hours the
friends of Mr. Cary and Mr. Franklin continued to arrive,
and at 11 o'clock the state of the poll was as follows :
Cary, 37; Franklin, 33 ; De Cosmos, 3. At two the num-
bers were—Cary, 88 ; De Cosmos, 73; Franklin, 71. Be-
tween two and three o'clock the Attorney-General conti-
nued steadily to increase his numbers, when it became no
longer doubtful who would be at the head of the poll. At
four p.m. the sheriff notified that the poll had closed, and
announced from the hustings that Mr. George IL Cary,
Attorney-General, and Mr. S. Franklin, had been duly
elected as members to serve in parliament for the town of
Victoria. The numbers were—Cary, 137; Franklin, 106 ;
De Cosmos, 91. Mr. Cary then came forward, and in a
straightfoward, manly speech, thanked the electors for pla-
cing him in his then proud position • and he begged of all
parties to forget and forgive any strife or ill-feeling that had
arisen or might arise out of the present election, and as-
sured the electors that he would act honestly and energe-
tically in the advancement of the welfare of the colony and
of the town of Victoria. Mr. Franklin also thanked the
electors, and, with a vote of thanks to the sheriff and the
returning officer, and three cheers for Mr. De Cosmos, the
defeated candidate, which were warmly and heartily given,
the proceedings torniivated.—New Westminster Times (Co-
lumbia).

EMPLOYMENT FOR WOMEN.—Miss Emily Faith-
full, whose exertions for the good of her sex are not un-
known to our readers, has established and opened at 9,
Great Ceram. street, Brunswick-square, a printing-offic, in
which the work' isis done wholly by women, and for the sup-
port of which the assistance of all who are interested in the
extension of female employment is earnestly solicited. The
circular which conveys the intimation of this fact is printed
with neatness and taste from new type. We understand
that five girls have been apprenticed to Miss Faithfull by
the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women, find
that there is room for six others. The enterprise has our
strongest hopes as well as our warmest wishes,

.. -
CEN TRAL: ITALY.

The people of Central Italy are receiving. the re-
ward of their constancy, moderation, and public
spirit. Victor Emmanuel, itaacceptingthe allegiance
of the inhabitants of Parma, Modena, and the
Romagna, and: declaring•that he will be proud to
c all them "my people," admits them to participa-
tion in the ordered .and stable liberty of. a constitu-
tional State, and -Pledges his power for their pro-
tection. The admis,ion of Tusaeny to the same
privileges will not long be delayed, and Italian
independence will then be placed on a firmer
basis than its best friends lately dared hops.
The astonishing unanimity of the people of
Central Italy which the late elections have de-
veloped is a great historical fact, and Must satisfr
even those Courts which from their history and
traditions are least disposed to recognise a popu-
lar vote as a source of legal right, that to
respect the desires of the population of Tuscany
and the /Emilian Provinces for annexation to Pied-
mont is the way to secure the trueat, safest, and
most permanent solution of the difficulties which
have so long distracted Italy and troubled her neigh-
bours. Circumstances ere conceivable.- in which tar:
.
imam or intrigue might secure a large relative
Majority at the electoral urn.; but 'ion power could
have compelled the vast body
_of a population of
four millions to vote against its will and to wits on
one side. The Governments of Central Italy have
no power but that which they derive from the
'people, , yet at their call the, male citizens have
come forward as one man to vote for King Victor
Emmanuel. To please the Emperor Of the French.
universal suffrage was appealed to, when in
Romagna, Modena, and Parma, 427,000 out of
526,000 in scribe(' electors gave their votea,
and of these 426,000 voted for annexation to Sar-
dinia and 726 for a separate kingdom. In Tuscany,
where 386,000 persons were inscribed as electors,
326,000 voted for annexation, and only 14,000 for
a separate kingdem. Even .the Court of Vienna
appears to have been impressed with this great
demonstration, for upon receiving an official intima-
tion that the troops of France were about to be
withdrawn. from Lombardy, joined with the ex-
pression of a hope that Austria would continue to
abstain from intervening beyond her frontier, Count
Rechberg has formally replied that his Government
has no inclination to re-commence a war which
he adds, Would soon become European. Neither
can Cardinal Antonelli help bearing his tri-
bute to the po,Yer of the *pulse which has
carried the people of Italy over to Victor Em-
manuel. This Prince of the Church, in his newest
despatch to M. Thouveuel, accuses France of
frightening the Astrians out of the Roman States,
'and declares that all the mischief , has been done in
Romagna by a small party, aided by "the malcon-
tents, a class of persons to be found in all countries.*
But even if the recent vote had not arithmetically
demonstrated that the malcontents are at least 80
per cent..of the adult male population, and left it.
morally certain that they bear a much larger pro-
portion to the indifferent andthe loyal, we have the
corroborative evidence of a Minister of the Pope
who, as we lately saw, when asked by the Austrians
to give the names of the disaffected petsonsin Ro-
magna. replied that the people were ",all disaf-
fected." Cardinal Antonelli is not so foolish as to
repeat the absurd stories whichare palmed upon ig-
norant audiences in Ireland about the contentment
of the. Pope's subjects with their Government.
lie lays down flatly the proposition that the
Government is good because it is from heaven,
whatever wretched taxpayers may thing about it,
and thence argues that reforms and concessions arc,
as far as the Pope is concerned, Matters of paternal
grace and indulgence. The first grand aim of a
Catholic GON eminent should be the maintenance of
the patrimony of the Church in all its integrity.
"The past," he says, " offers several reminiscences
which may prepare the' way to this great object."
It, certainly does. Cardinal Antonelli takes care
not to leave us in. doubt as to his meaning. He de-
mands"effieacieussuccours"—in other words, foreign
Occupation. That perennial curse of Italy, which
the wisest and best men of all' countries have de-
plore& which EUrope condemned at Paris in 1856,
and which diplomacy is at last hoping to bring to an
end, the Cardinal desires to inflict on the people
among whom he had his birth, but for whom he has
no feelings' of fraternity. To say that the foreign
occupation alone can uphold the temporal power of
the Pope is not only to confirm the votes of the
people, but to justify them. The Romagnols are now
rejoicing, because they are henceforward to live
under the protection of law and in the enjoyment.
of liberty. Is their joy heightened or moderated as
they remember the lot from which they had been
delivered ? During seven years of Austrian occu-
pation there were 190 capital executions at Bologna,
and the more people were shot the more crime in:-
creased and:the security of life and property was
diminished. On the morning of March 17, 1853,
Domenico Malagatti, a young surgeon of Fer-
rara: Giacomo Surri, a private gentleman ;' and
Luigi Parmeggiani, an innkeeper of, the
,same
town, charged with attempting to overthrow the
temporal soldiers of the. Pape. ‘r.,4 bad- out by
Austrian soldiers, blindfolded, forced upon their
knees, and shot. These unfortunate persons, and
nine others were 'incarcerated in, the citadel of
Ferrara for seven or eight months. The examin-
ing judge was an Austrian Captain of llussars.
In the absence of proof this military judge had
recourse to the torture of the accused. They were
kept without food till nature was on the point
of giving way; they were chained in the form
of hoops ; they were compelled to witness each
other's misery; they were constantly told that
a firing party was waiting for them, and that
they were about to be led out to immediate
execution. Each was told in turn that his com-
panion had confessed, and that he might as well
make a clean breast of it ; or, that if he did not
confess, his companions would instantly be put
to the direst torture. The examinations were
written down in German, of which the accused
did not understand one word, and they were com-
pelled to affix their signatures to depositions writ-
ten in characters of which they knew not the sig-
nificance.

For ten years the Holy Father permitted the
Austrians to torment his people in the Ariatic pro-
vinces of his States ; while, to assist them, Cardinal
Antonelli published an edict, dated 30th July, 1855,
restoring as a punishment the use of the chevalet—
an instrument of torture used by Pagan Emperors
against the early Christians. This for centuries
has been the statesmanship of Papal Rome, to
madden people into rebellion and then to call
in the foreigner to shoot them down. It is said
that for accepting the glad allegiance of a pro-
vince which the Roman Government has never
been able either to govern or protect, Victor
Emmanuel is about to be formally and nominally
excommunicated by the Pope. We seriously
doubt the statement. We believe the Court of
Rome has long been convinz..ed of the inexpediency
of employing this rusty mediseval engine of spin-
tual despotism. If, however, the most romantic of
Pontiffs, dwelling too much on the personal bear-
ings of the annexation, should see in the beneficent
act of the King an enormity of guilt calling for
some signal and extraordinary mark of St. Peter's
displeasure, and should pronounce the greater ex-
communication against Victor Emmanuel, the Pope
would damage only his own Chureh, by identifying
it more closely with all that is hideous and inhu-
man in his Government ; while the King would
gain one more title to the gratitude of those who
from henceforth he will call his people.---Daily
News.

THE 31. OBIT .4 LIT Y ON BOARD' THE
GREAT TASMANIA.

LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.
To-day the inquiry commenced before the
borough coroner into the cause of
the great mor-
tality and sickness amongst the discharged soldiers
of the European regiments, late in the service of
the East India Company whilst on board the
Great Tasmania, on their passage home from India.
There is every indication of the inquiry being
made most searching, but as far as it has gone
to-day, the likelihood is that a pretty prevalent
opinion, entertained here during the past two daYs,
will be confirmed. No person doubted, from the
statements that obtained currency after the arrival
of the Great Tasmania, that an inquiry into the
allegations made by a portion of the men should be
entered upon; but many—those who were particu-
lar in their mode of questioning the soldiers—
came to the conclusion that a properly conducted
investigation would show that the charges against
the authorities were greatly exaggerated, and that
most of the men were predisposed, from their style
of living prior to their embarkation, to sickness.
The evidence adduced to-day showed that a por-
tion of the provisions was bad ; but at the same
time it was also proved that the seamen of the
ship partook of the same sort of food as the soldiers,
and only one of them had died.
With regard to hammocks, it was given in eve-
dence that every man on going on board had a
hammock and blanket given him ; that a regular
inspection of hammocks and clothing was made,
and then it was found that the number, Nas decreas-
ing—that a cleanly man was sure to have his good
hammock taken, and one fit only to be thrown over-
board left in its place.
The inquiry will be daily continued until every
allegation has received a searching investigation.

An ancient usage, which dates from the time of
Henry Iti.—that of giving agricultural Sundaylectureson
of
after mass—has lately been revived in some communes
Franco, under Government patronage, ,

COST AND FROZEN TO 7)E ATLI ON
_AN

!zi.,II".ERICAN I'll,lll

~-

(limn the -Nei' 75te;•,..P.1c1 Ji:N. 14.)
Never im.vt., we nlit with a more sad and- 221n7
ei-iely narrative than that wbieL y & ou.r
witsthis dly to recount. 11.?-11biler of ti Anson.
Northrup not hein2. in a fit stn to corn Tneuee work
in the spring, the Meyers. Pfurbin:-7, of :St. Paul, re-
olved to send over to Fill G.zrry, dun the Win-
er, 'cortip'eteut person hi examine it. It wits

aeeurdingly arranged that. they shoald sena him to

. .
Georgetown, a newly-formed-station at the•morAl
of the Buffalo-River, some 260. miles from here, and
that Governor :Mactavish should despatch a party
'thither to bring him on to the'settlement. The en-
gineer, it would seem, had arrived at Georgetown
somewhat sooner than the date flied upon, and
having waited there a few days he grew impatient
the delay, and requested to be sent on. Mr.
Mackenzie, the young gentleman in charge of the
station, delayed a while longer, and then started
with, two others, besides the engineer, making the
grave mistake of taking mules instead of dogs.
None of them. had travelled the route before, and,
or course, toii:d pa,t;e.s a correct knowledge of •
the road or distance?. Mt. Mackenzie said- it was

five or six days' journey, and provided suppliett
accordingly. On Friday, December 23, they started,
going eastward, in o,der to fall in with the trail
from Crow Wing. • They, had not been out longer
than two or three days when the mules began
'to give up." They then telt that they could not
reach their destination in the time anticipated ;
and; what was worse, that their provisions would
Kill them. A feeding of incipient despair crept over
titeM. Here they were helpless, in the heart of a
vast„ldreary, unknown prairie, in a cold week of
the bleak month of December, fir beyond the reach
or all sympathy or .aid, , «ith starvation staring
them in the face ; their condition wes one of despe-
ration. On ThuaAav, the 29,h, Mr. Mackenzie
resolved to start ahead and tr 3, by a hold effort,
to reach Pembina, and send back- succour to his
companions. The engineer accompanied hits.'. Tto
day was cold and stormy, end a bitter blast from
the north drifted, the snow :u their, faces and
drove them back. They all camped together that
night near Pine River, about 50 miles from. Pem-
bina. In the morning the brave hetnted Mackenzie
started again—started never to return, and, alas!
never to retch his destination, This time he
was alone. 'He seemed to have had a presentiment
that he would not get through, end he made David
Tait, the imam who had been with him at George-
town, a present of a gun, in case that he had no
further need of it. He wore but one Hain coat, and
was lightly clad throughout, wishing to be as little
burdened with clothes as possible, as he intended
to run most of the way. A bit of pemican, the size
of his fist, was all the food the party could supply.
He put • that into his pocket, provided himself with
matches, and shook hands once more. It was a last,
sad farewell. Had he reached Peinhina in due
time his companions would havereceived assistance
on Saturday night or Sunday morning. Sunday
morning passed, however, and Sunday night, too,
without bringing any help. Their worst forebod-
ings
were now confirmed, and the feelirg of 'painful
suspense gave place to a feeling ofdesperation.. On
Monday morning David Tait pushed ahead, and,
by great exertion, he succeeded in reaching Pent- •
Lim). the same evening. A brief inquiry confirmed •
his worst apprehensions—Air. Mackenzie had not
been seen there.

Mr. Rolette at once provided two men with
every requisite, and sent them away, Tait accom-
panying them. They fell, in with the remnant of
the party shortly after midnight on Tuesday, and
after 4upplying their urgent needs, they went off
in search of:the ill-fated Mackenzie. They sought
him in vain, nil that day and night, and on Wed-
nesday they came upon traces v*hich brought them
to his corpse. , After leaving .hiS companions, he
seems to have followed the trail for a considerable
distance, and then to have lost his way. Night
came upon ,1-Aim, and bewildered by the growing
darknesS and the drifting snow, he made towards a
clump of trees, With the intention, probably, .of
kindling.a fire:. If such was his object, he seems
to have been' .unable to . accomplish it ; and his
beaten track Shows that to keep himself from
freezing he had spent the hours of .that lonesome
night in running round in a circle. With the
break'of day, he started again across the trackless
waste, every step that he took carrying
him farther and, thrther ! from the spot which
he was straining every nerve to reach. Another
weary day of fruitless travel was followed by a
Second night more dreary even than the first. Again
he had managed to stave off what he must have
felt to 'have been the hour of his dissolution by long
hours of ceaseless activity„ A third day's journey
brought him' towards Lae des ROseaux. ' Here he
attempted to run round as before. But the strength
and courage which had hitherto sustained him now
forsook him. He :dragged his tired footsteps
through the loose snow towards a tree, from which
he plucked a branch and huni-, thereon a shred of
his tattered ' coat as a signal' to mark his dismal
resting-place ;' he next tore off another branch of
the same tree, which he placed as a pillow for his
cold bed, and then laid upon it his weary head and
died. The powerful body and determined spirit
which had so long braved the merciless storm, in
spite of hunger arid fatigue, had at last to succumb.
rills right hand was on his heart, and his left hung
by his side, firmly holding a compass. The body
gave indications of having undergone intense suf-
fering. Some portions of had been frozen and
thawed many times in succession, before death in-
tervened and released it from further anguish.
Meanwhile, Mr. James M'Kay had been des-
patched to Georgetown, to hung on the engineer.
Bat, as already stated, the hapless party had left
!before his arrival. They had taken different roads,
and thus he had missed them.
The remains of the . deceased were brought to
Pembina on Thursday week, and to Fort Garry on
the following day. The body continued there
until yesterday, when it was conveyed to St. An-
drew's, and interred side by side with Mr. Mac-
kenzie's father and mother.
Mr. Mackenzie had been educated at: the Red
River Academy, and was about thirty years of
'age. He was waraa7hearted and generous, and has
left a very large circle of friends and acquaintances
'to lament his untimely end.

RECENT TVILLS AND BEQUESTS.

~-

Hon. H. Fitzßoy, P.C., M.P.—The will of the
late Right Hon. Henry Fitzßoy, of Upper Gros-
venor-street, London, and Sussex-square, Brighton,
was proved in the London Court of Probate,
on the Bth instant, by Mrs. Fitzßoy, the relict and
sole executrix. The personalty was sworn under
£40,000.. Sir A.,de Rothschild, Bart., was nomi-
nated as executor in case Mrs. Fitzß )3T had not sur-
vived her husband. Mr. Fitzßoy has bequeathed
his estates, real and personal, to his wife, for the
use of herself and their daughter. This will is con-
cisely drawn, bears date Nov. 11, 1858, and was
attested by W. M. Fladgate, solicitor, Craven-
street, Strand, and.J. Wilkins, batler to \ir. Fitz-
Roy. The deceased was one of her Majesty's Privy
Councillors, M.P. for the borough of Lewes, Chair-
man of the Committee of the House of Commons,
and Chief Commissioner of the Board of Works.

lady CharlottePrZi----TIT;;111oltfie late Right
Hon. Charlotte Proby, of Elton Hall, Huntingdon-
shire, and of Berkeley-square, London, was proved
in the principal registry on March Gth, by Admiral
the Right Hon. Granville Levison, Earl of Carys-
fort, the brother and sole executor. The personalty
in England was estimated for probate duty at
£45,000. Her ladyship has left liberal legacies to
her nephews; nieces, and consictiinnd has bequeathed
to her nieces, the Ladies Frances, Isabella, and
Theodosia Proby, the residence in Eaton-place, to-
gether with the furniture and effects (excepting
some specific articles), for their own use and to the
last survivor of them. To her nephew, the Hon. IV.
Proby, she has left a legacy of £35,000, and the
' plate linen, and little open carriage ; and to her
nephew, Granville G. Wells, a legacy of £13,000,
and her library ; appointing her brother, the Earl
of Carysfort, residuary legatee of her estates, real
and persona]. To her servants she has left liberal
legacies : to her butler, housekeeper, and maid-ser-
vant, each an annuity of £3O ; to her late coach-
Inr ,
and a retired
John
Laurie,
coach-
man and another domestic. lately in her service, au
annuity of £2O, and to all her other servants a le-
gacy of £lO and a half year's wages. There is a
legacy of £I,OOO to the Right
l iapuagoiihy-,
ton, D.D., Bishop of St. Helena. Tlhe wiabears
date June 23, 1859.
I.icuto.-fChoel.rJiils
j,aetsirtyils.—ridliaen ]ate
Amy,
mdjor of artillery of the Hon. East iimci
who died on the 25th of January last, had mad©
his will'a few days previous thereto, leaving all hie
property, real and personal, railwjay s:Ares or other
h
st eurities, with all arrears
rated)n g
her
London os iotldeon Ne c
c'erxP4Y, to his wife abso
euwtosr. and universal
il
eugt ealtyc
e,
.a_p piolli
un
st
ti

An old and respected commercial traveller of one
of the largest groetry
establishments in Bristol having
recently died,
the principals made his widow a present of a
Volley of insurance for £3,000 which they, with a kind and
liberal care for his family, had effected on his life.
PIIENOMINA AT SEA.—The Saldanha, which ar-
rived in the Mersey, from Melbourne, on Friday, when in
lat. 54 S., and between long. 172 and 159 W., passed MM..
ral icebergs, some of which were several miles in extent.
The weather at the time was remarkably fine, and the wind
unusually light. On the 24th January, when in lat. 41 S.
and long. 37 W., she passed through large tracts of dis-
coloured water, of a dark broivn colour, supposed to have
been caused by some submarine convulsion.—.Liverpool
Daily Post,