The Sun.
London, England, 1860-03-03 00:00:00

VOLUNTEER OFFICERS AT COURT.

We cannot impress too earnestly upon Volunteer
officers who intexd to be present at the Court on
Wednesday, the absolute necessity of furnishing
themselves with cards according to regulations;
as, for example—

LAN CASIIIRE.
No. 3.
1. Company. (Liverpool.)
Thus showing an officer's county, the corps' rank
by number, the number of the company, and the
name of the district. The senior officer of a
corps, or captain of a company, should provide
himself with a card showing the name and num-
ber of his county, the designation of his corps, the
names of the officers, and by whom introduced ;
thus—

Number of county ( )—county.
Designation of corps.
Captains.
Lieutenants.

Ensigns.
Introduced by
Artillery Corps should have the word "Artillery"
clearly written at the top of the card. All officers
whose names have bem sent to the War-office can
have proper forms supplied to them by application
to the Lord Chamberlain's-office ; and no time
should be lost in so doing.—Court Journal.

SIR JOHN LAWRENCE.—The freedom of the city
of Glasgow is to be conferred on Sir John Lawrence on
Tuesday, the 3d of April.
Mr. Baxter will, on going into committee on Re-
presentation of the People Bill, move an instruction to the
committee having the effect of increasing the proposed
number of members for Scotland. _

In committee on Representation of the People
Bill, Mr. Edwin James intends to move that the franchise
be extended to the occupiers, upon certain conditions, of
portions of houses as sub-tenants or lodgers ; and also that
the payment of rates on or before a particular day shall no
longer be the condition of registration. _

LATEST

NEWS.

FRANCE AND SARDINIA.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office

PARIS, MARCH 3.

The Moniteur of to-day contains a message from
M. Thouvenel, dated Feb. 4, addressed to Baron
Talleyrand, the French Ambassador, at Turin.
The Minister states the grave situation which has
been created by the late events, and explains the
dangers which would be incurred by Piedmont in
over extending her territory. M. Thouvenel says :

" The idea of annexation to Piedmont is rather a
protest against another great Power than a deli-
berate attraction towards Sardinia. If this

feeling did not appear from the beginning, it would
not delay to show itself in the emergencies which
wisdom counsels Sardinia to contest. People
would not delay to reproach her passionately for
betraying the cause for which she had been aggran-
dised and armed, and she would be exposed to two
emergencies both equally disastrous—War and
Revolution. M. Thouvenel proposes a solution
having some chances of being accepted, and preserv-
ing to Sardinia the full exercise of the influence
which she has a right to enjoy in the Peninsula.
That combination would be the complete annexation
of Parma and Modena to Sardinia, Vicarial go-
vernment of the Romagna by Sardinia in the name
of the Holy See, and re- establishment of Tuscany
in her political and territorial authority. M.
Thouvenel maintains that the project of the
annexation of Tuscany reveals a• hidden thought
of war against Austria for the conquest of
Venetia, and an inward idea, if not of revolu-
tion, at least of menacing the tranquillity
of the Pope and the King of Naples. If the Ca-

binet of Turin would adhere to the solution pro-

posed, France would not only support this corm
bination in a conference or Congress, but she would
also proclaim that no foreign intervention shall be
allowed to attack it. The Cabinet of Turin is at
liberty to follow another policy, but France would
at no price consent to assume the responsibility of
such a state of things. M. Thouvenel then treats
the question of the annexation of Savoy and
Nice which, in presence of the aggrandizement of
Sardinia, presents itself as a geographical necessity
for the safety of our frontiers. M. Thouvenel points
out that this would also protect the interests of
Switzerland, which France desires to take into con-
sideration. He requests the Baron de Talleyrand to
draw-the attention of Count Cavour to this point,
in declaring to him at the same time that France
does not wish to force the will of the inhabi-
tants, and that, besides, the Government
of the Emperor would not fail, when the moment
should appear to him to have arrived, to consult
previously the great Powers of Europe, in order to
prevent false interpretations of the reasons which
direct his conduct. M. Thouvenel states that in a
message If the same date to M. Persigny, French
Ambassador at London, he explains the motives of
the last proposals made by France to Sardinia.
Austria having refused the proposal of England,
the Government of the Emperor of the French
was convinced that he could not succeed in reliev-
ing himself of his moral responsibility unless the
principle of universal suffrage which constitutes
his own legitimacy becomes also the foundation
of the new order of things in Italy. But this
England abstains from advising, and the existing
governments of Central Italy think useless to ap-
peal again to the vote of the inhabitants. M. Thou-
venel presumes that he thinks it necessary to make
the above-mentior.ed proposals to Sardinia and has
authorised M. de Persigny to read to Lord John
Russell a copy of the despatch which has been for-
warded to Turin.
.11

TURIN, AlAnen 2,

A circular of Count Cavour to the diplomatic
agents of Sardinia abroad, dated the 20th Feb-
ruary, calls their attentiot to the circular of
M. de Dissingen, which orders a forced en-
listment into companies of penitentiary disci-
pline of all Venetians, whose antecedents
should appear hostile to Austria.

Count Cavour points out that the elasticity of
this expression allows the whole male population
to be classed in this category. lle thinks proper
to draw the attention of the Austrian Minister for
Foreign Affairs to the possible consequences of
such a state of things in Venetia.
The Opinione asserts that Count Cavour has
given his reply on the subject of the settlement of
Central Italy in bringing forward the motives
which prevent the Sardinian Government accept-
ing the counsels given, and requesting France to
agree to the annexation, should the inhabitants
confirm it by their wishes.

VIENNA, MARCH a

The Donau-Zeitung, giving a denial to the re-
ported alliance between Austria and Russia, states
that the Prince of Hesse had left for Darmstadt on
leave of absence.

BOLOGNA, MARCH 2,

Farini has issued a proclamation and a decree,
enacting that a plebiscitunz shall take place on the
question, " Annexation to Sardinia, or a separate
kingdom." The voting is to take place on the 111 k
and 12th of March.

In his manifesto Farini says :
" We owe great gratitude to the Emperor of the
French for having espoused the cause of Italy in
the war of independence, and for having established
the principle of non-intcrvention. You have already,
and in time of danger, declared that you would re-
sist the restoration of your former rulers. You
have proclaimed Victor Emmanuel your King.
Whereas disorders, crimes, and emigration prevailed
under your former government, you have since by
your conduct proved yourselves worthy of being a
free people, and you have organised a strong army.
Europe is convinced that the fallen governments
could only be kept up by the aid of foreign
troops ; but it has been thought that the for-
mation of a separate kingdom would be for
your advantage. We have accepted the aiviee
given us to consult afresh the national will. Your
vote will be respected. I submit to direct and secret
universal suffrage the following alternative—An-
nexation to the constitutional monarchy of King
Victor Emmanuel, or a separate kingdom. When
your votes have been given my task will be accom-
plished. 44 FARINI."

A decree of the Government calls together the
inhabitants of the lEmilian Provinces for the 11th
and 12th March, to vote by ballot and universal
suffrage on the two proposals, " Annexation to Sar-
dinia, or a separate kingdom."
In his proclamation convoking the Parliamen t the
governor takes the opportunity to remind the people
of what they owe to the Emperor, not only for
aiding them during the war, bat also for securing
the provinces from foreign invention, and says
Europe is convinced of the impossibility of the re-
establishment of the former dynasties. That which
pre-occupied the minds of the electors during the
last election of the National Assembly has disap,
peared. He is now going to solemnly cp. sAit again

the national will, and he wishes the votes to be
given with freedom and sincerity."

FLORENCE, MARCH, 1.

A decree has been published convoking the Tuscan
people for the 11th and 12th March, in order to
Tote by universal suffrage and ballot on the two
following proposals :
®Annexation to Sardinia, or a separate kingdom.
All Tuscans being 21 years of age, and enjoying
political rights, are entitled to vote.

MARSEILLES, MARCH 2.

Letters received from Rome confirm that the
communication presented by the almoner of Victor
Emmanuel to the Pope announced to his Holiness
that the King of Sardinia would perhaps be under
the necessity of occupying the Umbrian Marches,
the population of which do not cease to demand the
annexation of their country to Piedmont. The
Pope replied immediately, expressing his surprisp
and grief, ant threatening the King of Sardinia
with excommunication.

Eight students of the University of Rome have
been expelled, and the Prelate Rector has been
dismissed. Another disturbance has taken place
among the students.

The Government is occupied with the loan. A
mixed commission has been appointed to report
definitively upon the fusion of the railway compa-
nies, and hopes are entertained of a speedy settle-
ment of the question.
The Monitore of Bologna states that the electors
persist in demanding annexation.

VIENNA, MARCH 2.

A report is current that the organisation of the
Imperial Council on a wider basis has received the
sanction of the Emperor.
The Emperor will appoint the princes and high
functionaries as members of the council. The de-
putations of the eighteen provinces will elect about
forty members, by proposing three candidates for
each membership.
A periodical convocation of the council is to take
place, to deliberate on the budget, to examine pro-
jects of law, and to receive memorials and petitions
of the deputations of the country.
The first assembling of the council is to take
place in the course of the ensuing month.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY.

Of all the Paris journals, only three publish any
observations on the Emperor's Speech at the open-
ing of the Chambers, and iu none of these cases are
the remarks of any length or importance. The
Patrie, one of the journals in question, merely
directs attention to the manner in which a passage
of the Speech was received :
" The paragraph," it says, " in which the Em-
peror indicates in such clear terms the views of
France with regard to the frontier of the Alps, ex-
cited the enthusiastic applause of the Assembly."
The remarks of the Debats seem intended prin-
cipally to show that the English Government, at
the moment Mr. Kinglake's motion came on, was
not aware of the intentions of France with respect
to Italy. It says :

" The discourse removes all doubts which the
public may have entertained respecting the new
programme of French policy in Italy. The adhe-
sion given by France to the aggrandisement of Sar-
dinia beyond the limits fixed by the stipulations of
Villafranea and Zurich is definitively subjected to
the following conditions :—Respect of the separate
existence of Tuscany ; and in Romagna respect in
principle of the temporal power of the Pope.
Moreover, the annexation of Savoy and of the county
of Nice appears to be considered by the Emperor as
a natural and legitimate consequence of this for-
mation of a considerable State in the north of Italy ;
but this annexation will not be effectsd by a mili-
tary occupation, and will be preceded by an under-
standing on the subject between the great Powers of
Europe. The English Government, for its part, does
not appear yet decided to give its adhesion to the latter
project, if we ar© to judge by the speech of Lord
John Russell in reply- to the interpellations of Mr.
Kinglake. Lord John, in fact, declared that he had
every reason to believe that this project was aban-
doned by France, or at least that the French Go-
vernment would hesitate long before carrying it
into execution, on account of the distrust it inspires
in Europe."

The writer then enters into an examination of the
proceedings in the English Parliament, and con-
cludes in these terms :

" As to the French programthe which has re-
placed the four propositions of the English Cabinet,
Lord John Russell made no mention of them in his
important st.eech, and we may suppose that he was
imperfectly informed of it when he expressed himself
with so much clearness on the question of Savoy."
The language of the third journal, the Pays, is
of an infinitely more laudatory character. It
says :

" Although the speeches delivered by the Empe-
ror, at the opening of legislative sessions or on
great political occasions, have always obtained
great success both among the higher classes and
among the people, it may be said that none ever
produced a more profound or more favourable im-
pression than that which his Majesty has just
pronounced in the Salle des Etats. Four points,
in particular, obtained marked adhesion—The an•
nouncement of the certain and early regulation
of Italian affairs on' a basis which will leave Pied-
mont nine millions of inhabitants, and which will
reserve Tuscany and the Legations for distinct ar-
rangement; the passage in which, in speaking of
the recent religious agitation, the Emperor dwelt
on the evident uprightness of his intentions and
conduct, and the moderation of his Government ;
the announcement made in terms simple and firm
of the reasons which oblige France to subject to the
equitable appreciation of Europe the necessity in
which she is placed of ensuring to herself natural
frontiers in the direction of the Alps ; and, lastly,
the eminently liberal spirit which is displayed in
the programme of economic reforms for which the
Emperor claims with confidence the energetic co-
operation of the Legislative Body. Our readers
will perceive that this speech has given an answer
to all the anxieties of the moment, which fact ex-
plains the immense approbation it obtained."
The following is the speech delivered to-day by
the President of the Corps Legislatif :
" Gentlemen,—The Emperor's speech ought to
reassure on the subject which interests you most--
peace.
"The greatest element of prosperity at present,
that with which a country cannot dispense whose
n atre
industry and commerce are developed by credit,
is confidence. Let us hope that the
bothsiee
intentions of the Emperor, expressed
home and abroad, as they deserve to be, will de-
finitively restore it ; and, if it were permitted to
me to refer to an additional motive for confidence,
I could find it in the
rveemryincdhianrgacytneur ofnf
say—inathpeasEsainge-
esterday, which
ipne
hisr.
speech
might
of
f
•banneleedbenfolsr,neyh;l
you warmly ap-
plauded—that he will never cease to have the
rsneaffleirntheirmesstesifoftoFl willan k sn
no
ft
eyes ,_
his enemies leave him as tranquil as the ardour of
andtlieliastt
" Your session
his allies,
Opens this year under pacific
auspices. I have not, as last year, to make an
appeal to the exaltation of your patriotism, nor to
ask .ou to support the Imperial policy. I address
myself to your
judgment and to your cool reason.
" The first question which appears, and which
will give place to measures which will be sub-
mitted to you, is that which at present agitates
the commercial world, and which is raised by the
Treaty of Commerce con
cluded with England. It has
revived all the theoretic discussions between free
trade and the prohibitive system. Is it not a fit
opportunity to examine the principles with atten-
tion ?
" Free trade may, it appears to me, be considered
as the object to which society is tending, but pro-
tection ought to be the means of arriving at it.
Suppose free trade established in a new and poor
country, what will this country produce ? 1 do
not deny but that it can develope some favoured
industry by a natural privileged situation, but
foreign competition would stifle in their bud
all those things which it requires in order to
prosper. Capital, skilful workmen, experi-
enced overseers, easy communication, and a good
market, in fact all the conditions which time alone
can give it. A transition, consequently, is indis-
pensable, and to preach free trade to a country
which does not yet enjoy all these advantages is
nearly as equitable as to propose to a child to con-
tend with a grown man. Now, these principles
being laid down, can it be pretended that a Govern-

ment ought to protect its industry in an interest ex-
clusive of the manufacturers, and to preserve a
monopoly at the expense of the consumers of the
country ? Far from that, the country has quite a
contrary duty to perform, for the only means of deve-
loping the public fortune, and improving the condi-
tion of all, is to succeed in reducing as much as
possible the price of the objects of general consump-
tion. Wages high in appearance are for them but
a relative advantage. These are only advantageous
inasmuch as they can earn them at a rate in some

degree corresponding with the objects necessary
for their existence.

" To attain this object it is useful that industry
be sufficiently stimulated in the interior by foreign
competition, and that the protective duties
should be regulated on the strength of those

who are at The head of our industry, and not
on the weakness of those who lag behind. These,
I believe, are the true principles. Nevertheless,
this theory finds its limits in positive calculation.
The price of every manufactured article is always
composed of the same principal elements—the
price of the raw material, the cost of manufactur-
ing, and that of transport.
" Our workmen are as skilful as foreign work-
men. What constitutes our inferiority is the high
price of the raw material and means. of transport.
Well, then, these are precisely the two obstacles
which the Emperor meant to remove, while re-
maining is the just measure of protective prin-

ciples.
" I find also in the Emperor's letter to his Minis-
ter of State a passage which I am happy to submit
to you. Here it is . _ _

Our agriculture must be improved, and our
industry freed from the internal impediments
which keep it in a condition of inferiority. At
this day it is obstructed by a number of restrictive
regulations. In fact, the spirit of our codes, of our
laws, was principally directed to prevent abuses,
and by dint of pursuing them it has succeeded in
impeding their use. This is the most important
reform to obtain. There is no true prosperity but
with entire civil liberty, and if our country has
never known how to use with moderation political
liberty, it is because it had not begun to enjoy the
benefits of the first.'

" Let us express our desire also that the irrita-

tion recently eiciied in the interior will calm down
and cease to disturb the minds of our population.
The conscientious search of a purely political solu-
tion, ought it to excite complaints so bitter ? The
members of the clergy, whom an excessive zeal has
drawn on, have forgotton the services rendered to
religion by the Emperor, and also, perhaps, the
lessons of the past. When the people had before
them but the humble and charitable pastor who
translated for them the sublime morals of the Gos-
pel, this gentle civilisation of the heart, preaching
love for your neighbour, the pardon of injuries,
the disregard of worldly advantages—then, indeed
his faith gets fortified. But when the priest,
forgetful of his character, borrows mere worldly
arms, and intrudes on civil and political interests,
suddenly the Gallican susceptibility is roused, and
the religious spirit losses all that the spirit of civil
and political independence gains, and which forms
the fund of public opinion in the country.
" Let us unite our efforts, gentlemen, to restore
calm to the public mind, and to give to industry
the confidence it needs for its development. Let
us aid the Emperor in his liberal measures; let us
second his projects; let us vote with eagerness the
laws relating to these economical questions, and let
us resolutely enter with him on a new era of peace,
progress, and liberty."
The Courrier de la Gironde says :—" One of the
first bills which will,be presented to the Legislative
Body will be that relative to the great lines of
transatlantic packets. As we have already said,
the new company which will have the concession
of the line is fully and legally organised ; it has
fulfilled all the conditions of the cahier des charges,
and only waits for the sanction of the Legislative
Body and the Senate to commence operatiuns."
THE BOURSE, March 2.—The market was heavy
at the opening, but prices have since rallied. The
liquidation of the shares has been done at easy
terms. Threes, after having been done at 67f 80c,
are now at 68f. Mobilier varied from 736 f 25c to
745 f; Orleans, 1,370 f to 1,375 f; Northern, 917 f
50c to 922 f 50c; Southern, 500 f to 502 f 50c. The
following are the last quotations :-
41- per Cents. .... 97 90 Credit Foncier 740
Do. end month I Belgian 41 —
3 per Cents 6B Piedmontese (5) .. 79 75
Do. end month 67 95 ;Roman BOl.—
Bank Shares — I Austrian
Credit Mobilier .. 748 75 I Spanish Threes
Do. Account