The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-31 00:00:00

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While the
the destruc
Austria has
Adriatic Sea
and Fiume.
Austria has now a naval force superior to the
united fleets of Sirdinia and Naples ; abut it must
he remarked that the sailors who man the Austrian
fleet have no nationality among them, their sailors
and marines being gathered from all those coun-
tries which she lost in the field of battle but re-
covered in the chamber of diplomacy. However,
she has at present a fleet with 612 guns and 2,910
horse power, and they have on the stocks vessels
with 1,000 horse power to carry 260 guns; The
sailors and marines exces d in number 6,000 men.
An annual conserip• ion for the nary takes place in
the province 4 of Is.ria, Dl.lmatift. arid the Danube,
which gives 416 sailors and 144 men for the marine
artillery and the marines. There are in tie Aes-
trian navy 333 offieers. The number of sailors
is 4,160, divided into 26 companies of 140 men
null, that number being able to man the navy
and still leave a suitable reserve on shore to
fill up the casusl vacancies. The mtrine artillery
corps consists of 29 officers t.nd 1,120 men.
There is a dockyard force of In the de-
partment of machinery there are 84 engineers
and 100 firemen. The marines (such as do the
duty of our marines (have 8t officers and 2,830
soldier marines. To carry on the equipment and
provisioning of these men there are 12 naval com-
missaries. The civil department of the navy con-
sists of 71 of all gr ides. There are seven naval en-
gineers for ship-building, who are chosen for their
abilities from the naval schosi of Tries... There
are 100 naval pensioners who do the police duty of
the arsenals, and look atter the shies laid up in
ordinary. There is a chief engine er andel) architect.
The medical men are 39 in number, and their duty
is to look out alter the sanitary state of the sea-
ports, the men in the dockyards, and the ships laid
up in ordinary. The sick are sent to the navalhospitals at Venice, Trieste, and Pola. There are
officers for hydrography, making out of maps and
plans, and it is said the maps they have published are
most perfect and beautifully executed. The Naval
,Csollege (Academia Militare di Marino) is
at 'Trieste, and cont.:in—int present 4ostudentS, who
must remain there three years. It is froms this
school are taken the effective cadets for the navy,
marine artillery, and naval architecture. The
gcaola di Marino furnishes the navy with the
warrant officers and the enginemen. there are
60 who attend this school, where they must remain
five years ; but as a reward there is a yearly exa-
mination, and the three best are posted to ships
as provisionary cadets. In 1851 a ship of war
named the Marianna was totally wrecked, and a
naval school was established for the orphans of
those who were lost. They must remain three years,
and to stimulate them the three best are annually
admitted as provisionary cadets. Their naval
arsenals aro at Trieste, Venice, and Pola. In
Venice they still have five foundries for cannon, a
large armoury containing arms, &c., for 10,000
men, and the rope and cordage work is of vast ex-
tent. Besides those above enumerated they have
naval establishments on the Danube, and on the
lakes of Italy : that of L 3,0 Maggiore I described
to you formerly. The Austrian Lloyd's steamers
are, in case of war, liable to be armed as men of
war. The Naval luseum at Venice remains still
in all its glory, but the library, which consisted
of 4,000 volumes, has been removed to the Trieste
Naval Academy. In 1848 Venice was the head-
quarters of all the Austrian navy, Trieste and Pola
being at that time insignificant. But although
Venice was then found to have many advantages,
still there was not sufficient depth for large ships
of war, and in addition to this the entrance was
not in a diree• line, but with many twithinga and
turnings. This was remedied, to a certain extent,
by a stupendous canal, executed by the celebrated
engineer Paleocapa, now at the head of the Public
Works of Piedmont. These and other reasons
induced the Austrian Government to remove their
cilia naval arsenal and departments to Pola,
where there is a spacious, deep harbour sheltered
from every wind that blows. Besides this the Aus-
trians saw that Pola was admirably adapted for re-
taining their hold and mastering in a short time the
Romagna and Venice ; and that it commanded be-
sides all the commerce of Fiume.

-

[ PRICE 4D. ►TAMPED bfk.

1 440 yards in length. There is a viaduct on the line at
Norwood, 11:0 yards in length. The portion of the line
opened is 4i tniles in length, and terminates within about
a mile of the intended junction with the South-Western
Railway at Wandsworth.. Owing to the difficulty of
coining to terms with the latter company for working the
traffic to the Waterloo station the junction with that line
was not completed. Thera are five stations on the new
line. The first is Gipsy-hill, the second at Norwoo,i,
the third at Streatham, the feurth at Bllharn-hill, and
the fifth at Wands&orth-common. The works on the
line are of a very substantial character, particularly the
tunnel under the Crystal Palace. The works generally
are heavy and well executed, aed the line for the whole
distance is in excellent condition. The cost of the line
is about 250,000/. Toe r,teepies't gradient on the line is
lin 89, It is intended to run about 20 trains per day
over the new line, which can be done in connect en with
the Crystal Palace trains to and from London-bridge
station by the Brighton Company. Instead of remaining
in steam at the Crystal Palace station, the trains will run
on to Wandsworth and return at a small additional cow
for fuel. The event of opening the line was celebrated
at the Crystal Palace by a magnificent banquet given by
the contractors, Messrs. Pete, Brassey, and Betts, at
which Sir M. Peto presided. " The Queen," and other
loyal toasts were given and responded to ; and " Success
to the West-end Crystal Palace Railway" Company was
received with great enthusiasm.
Mr. SCHUSTER, the chairman of the London and
Brighton Company, Sir J. PAXTON, and Mr. ANDERSON,
the chairman of the Crystal PalaCe Company, expressed
their approval of the line, and an opinion that it could
not, fail to be remunerative, particularly when extended
to the west-end terminus at the Chelsea new bridge,
near the end of Sloane-street.

Mr. WATSON, the, superintendent of the works ex-
plained the difficulties they bad encountered in the con-
struction of the -tunnel under the Crystal Palace and
other_worki& and bore testimony to the able exertions
"Mr. Phipps, one of fife enetifalWitiall4fr. Currey iu
overcoming the difficulties. Mr. .Baldwin had also Mt-
dared considerable assistance ; and, on the whole, the
difficulties encountered on that line were greater than
had been experienced in 15 other similar works.
The proceedings concluded in a very harmonious man.
ner, and the directors and their friends returned to town
about 9 o'clock.

In addition to this, the Austrians are quite aware
that the whole Italian Peninsula is preparing itself
for the ensuing struggle, and where could they take
up a position more adapted for offence and defence
than Pola ? In ancient days it had been a very
strong place, and even before 1848 it was tolerably
well fortified. I could show that, on the land side
also, Pola is a very strong position, but I shall
restrict myself to giving a sketch of the batteries
that have been and were thrown up by the Atis •
trians in this Adriatic Sebastopol, while the Allies
were attempting to destroy in the Crimea a fortifi-
cation placed in the Black Sea for a-sirnifairptir-
pose to the one now erected in the Adriatic.
The battery Madonna Conceta commands the
approach from Dignano, and is armed with 8 short
36 pounders, and 4 eight inch mortars.
The battery placed on Mount Gulra also com-
mands the Dignano road. It is open to the rear,
and has eight 36 long poundersparallel to the road
and a 48 pounder on each of the flanks.
Lunardelli—This also plays upon the Dignano
road, all well loopholed ; has eight 36 long poun-
ders, and a 48 pounder on each flank.
_ _

The Martell& Tower Battery, on Mount Scibo,
has six long 18 pounders en barbette, but no bar-
rack.

The Petrich Martello Tower has four long
eighteens en barbette, but no barrack.
The Martello Tower of St. Giovanni has six long
eighteens. Barracks are at Cepriotto.
These are the six new land batteries. I shall
now enumerate the new batteries toward the en-
trance to the harbour and seaward.
The Fort on Capo Compare has two 12-inch mor-
tars, four 48-pounders en barbette, four long 32-
pounders, and two 8-inch mortars. Good barracks.
The Zonehi Battery.—This battery has fourteen
36-pounders en barbette, and two 8-inch mortars.
The Maximilian Battery has two 36 and three
18-pounders.

Battery Ferdinand has four long 18's.
Fortress of St. Andrea has ten large 80-pounders.
The Octagon Battery, on the rock of Olivi, four
of the sides of this octagon towards the south-west
are armed with twelve short 36's en barbette, and
the remaining sides have three guns each.

The Battery di Castello di Pola has twenty guns,
a mixture of long 36-pounders and 48-pounders, all
en barbette, and a proportionate number of
mortars.

Octagon Battery of St. Mattia.—Six of its sides
have each twelve 36-pounders. It commands the
town, and with others can play into the harbour.
The Martello Tower (della Lanterna.) This
battery is at the extremity of the new Mole, and in
some measure is the base or foundation of the light-
house. It is on the St. Pietro rock, and looks down
into that of the town, on which is placed the new
arsenal. It has 7 long twenty fours. The Martello
Tower of St. Pietro is placed on the rock of that
name. There is a high and low battery. The
upper has 5 60-pounders, and the lower 7 long 24-
pounders en barbette. The Orlando Tower has 4
long 18-pounders. Battery Del Cristo has 3 forty-
eights and 2 long thirty-sixes.
They have two batteries which prevent landing,
and sweep the whole shore, close, or radente, in
Dele Fuera ; the one has 6 24-pounders, and the
other 4 60-pounders. To defend the outward ea-
ciente the arsenal towards the land side is a Mar-
tello Tower in its centre, having 5 short 24-pounders
en barbette, and 2 8 int h 'honors. The tower on
the left has five short eighteens. The new arsenal
is in the north-east of the town, commanded by
the battery on the rock St. Pietro ; but without a
plan before you it is difficult to describe the exact
position. A store for masts,
sails,
cordage—in
short a most perfect arsenal,
in
which there is
and equip ten
always at hand material to
ships in a few days. Besides there is a very
-p
large cable manufactory, and closekin muskets. There
at hand foundries
f
is also a coal store. At present there are two ships
of the line on the stockst, and many others of a
she
south-west, on the
g
Mount of Olives, is the
powderear magazine. In. the
the arsenal,. is a bar-
or.
smaller
aartilleryl
ler s
izo,. and
Towards also for making
interior of the city, and n
i rack for 4,000 men.