The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-09 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

and materials offered for sale.

ADELPHT, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Beni. Webster.
THIS EVENING, JANET PRIDE. Messrs. B. Webster.
J. L. Took, P. Bedford, Stuart, C. Selby; Miss Woolgar and
Miss Laidlaw.
After which, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN.
Messrs. Stuart, C. Selby, Billington, Eburne, Miss Julia
Daly, K. Belly, Laidlaw, and Mrs. Billington.
Commence at 7.
Box-office open from 10 till 5.
Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes, XL
Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, is. ;
Pit Stalls, 25.; fit, ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6d.
Acag Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

A SThEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.—
Proprietor
and Manager, Mr. Was. BATTY.
Immense Success of "Mazeppa."
A Grand MID-DAY PERFORMANCE will take place on
SATURDAY next, Aug 11, commencing at Two o'clock.
This Evening, Lord Byron's splendid Hippo-drama of
MAZEPPA AND THE WILD HORSE, with entirely new
and beautiful scenery, costly costumes, and appointments,
introducing the largest stud of highly-trained Horses, Po-
nies, Buffaloes, and Camels in the World.
To be followed by Scenes in the Arena by the Star Riders
of the day.
Doors open at half-past 6, performance commence at 7.
Box-office open daily from 11 till 4.
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WERT.
Director of the Arena—M. Felix Revolt'.

CANTERBURY HALL
THIS EVENING,
C. H. GOUNOD'S OPERA.
FAUST.
First Time in this Country.
Faust Mr. Henry Herbert.
Mephistopheles Mr. C. Bernard.
Siobel Mrs. Anderson.
Marguerite
Conductor Mr. Jonghmans.
And selections from
Dinorah, Trovatore, Macbeth, and numerous other
Entertainments.
Balcony, ls, Hall. 6d.
Comic Vocalists—Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), and C. Marshall.
' The ETHIOPIANS, consisting of 17 performers (organised
expressly for this Establishment), for the performance of
Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and Sentimental, with
Negro delineations, anecdotes, &c., in addition to the usual
entertainments.
The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening,

CONCERTS.-

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, AUGUST 9, 1860.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
64—highest since noon yesterday. •
54—lowest this morning and during the night.
61—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.69.
; light, with fine weather. It rained
heavily yesterday at times, and continued nearly all day.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tuts DAY.—Morning, 6h. 4m.—Afternoon, 6h. 22m
To-moußow.-Morning, 6h. 43m.—Afternoon, 7h. 6m

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THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 9, 1860.

Wednesday's sitting—what was it about—Ohl! I
only the Bishop of London's " Union of Benefices
Bill "—and what's that to me ? Such is probably
a fair account of the mental colloquy which followed
many a reader's glance at the columns headed
" Parliamentary Intelligence." We confess it was
what passed in our own mind ; but glancing down
the list of speakers, making now very short speeches,
it seemed like a Parliamentary game of foot-ball;
and, when we were thus led to look at it, we found
the five or six hours' debate to be in reality a very
amusing battle of "All the Crotchets."
And no wonder, when we come to think of it.
The Bill had for one•half of its object to pull .down
churches—not the Church—like that infidel Libera-
tion Society—something, if possible, much holier
in the eyes of many, churches themselves—con-
secrated buildings. It is true the Bishop of St.
David's, whose studies in Grecian history may
have partially heathenised his mind, told us
once in an angry fit in the House of Lords
that the common notions of consecration were
all a delusion—that it meant nothing more
than registration of the property in the Bishop's
office ; that no service at all was necessary, much less
one which should transmute base earth and stone
into the fine gold of the sanctuary. But supersti-
tion can survive many such attacks of fact and
sense. It is of too mtherial and subtle, not to say
silly a nature, to be smashed by such missiles ; it
lets them pass through, closes again, and is its
whole self as before, Indeed, if you turn iconoclast
and smash its holy images, it picks up the frag-
ments, caresses them with a tender affection, and
dubs them relics.

We cannot be surprised, then, that, though the de-
molition was the work of Episcopal hands, yet tender
veneration for the consecrated edifices inspired many
a speech. Like a lover's passion, it did not wish to
show itself too conspicuously in the House of Com-
mons, but it could not conceal itself, even at the
hazard of incurring smiles. The bill itself is, in its
purport, a religious business bill. It aims to treat
religious worship as a matter which should be
amenable to the dictates of common sense. The
course of trade, and the habits of the day, have, as
we all know, converted the city of London into a
City of offices and shops, and made it on the Sun-
day, so fair as inhabitants are concerned, almost as
much ade sert as the Great Zahara. Measured by
resident pt yulation, the artificial limits, which we
designate the city, are but a very small municipality.
It is surpassed by almost every large city or town
in the Kir igdom. Yet within this now small city
there are, 'Sir G. C. LEWIS tells us, 58 churches for
55,000 people. On the other hand, large districts in
the suburb s have scarcely any church accommoda-
tion at all. The Bishop of LON DON, who has in him
as much of the man as of the ecclesiastic, very sen-
sibly says, ;give us power to pull down the churches,
sell the sites, and apply the proceeds to the erec-
tion of churches where there are people to go to I
them.

In the Lords, where bishops rule the roost, the
bill got along pretty smoothly; but there are no
blah°loB in the Loiwer House, no persons indeed who
can ever become bishops. Here, therefore, as
_might
expected, all the crotchets of the unpro-
f asiaual laity had full swing. One thought in-
stead of r-
pu down the churches, they ought
to get
Preachers who were adnpfed to the popula-
ti on, and who vvould draw a congregation. "Why
not get us fifty SfEuRGEoNs ?" was loudly asked.
If humdrum sermons and dull services would not
attract people, why not get op services, and invite
preachers like those who so easily, last winter, over-
crowded even St. Paul's ? And there seemed reason
in the demand. It would save all the expense
of pulling down and rebuilding ; and the City
would be resorted to on the Sunday for worship,
as it is on the week-day for business. Sir G. c.
LEWIS said it was but the old din !ulty—that re-
Presented: by the fable of the mice—. who will give

us, he said, the fifty SPURGEONS ? Another
zealous Churchman offered to find 500 as popular,
if they were but placed in the churches. But to
that offer the immoveable Home Secretary had the
immoveable objection—who could compel the

patrons to put them in ?
Sir MORTON PETO troubled the hyper-churchmen
as much as any one. The honourable member, it is
well known, has provided, nearly at his own cost,
two first class places of worship in London, and

furnished bot'a with very popular preachers, besides

almost rebuilding the parish church at his own
country seat of Lowistoft. He could not therefore
well be sneered down as a mere destructive. Now
the Bill cautiously provides that the churches shall

be pulled down, the materials stacked, and the site

Why put

down—says M. PETO, who knows so well the
cost of building. To prevent the old empty
churches from being turned into ball-rooms or gin-
shops, or to other unholy purposes was the reply.
Well, says M. PETO, not wasting time in discuss-

ing the consecration theory of holy stones and
mortar,—why pull them down, if any congregation
of dissenters would give as good, or a better price
for them as they stand, for the purposes of dissent-

ing worship ? I wish to move a clause to give full
powers to that effect !
What was to be done ? There were members
there who would rather an empty church of the
Establishment were turned into a gin-shop, or into
a stable, than into a place of worship for a dissent-
ing congregation. It would not do, however, to
have such a statement reported all over the King-
dom in the next day's papers. With the excep-
tion of a very small clique indeed, the whole
country would resent such bigoted ideas at the
present day. The objection, therefore, was raised
that some time hence these dissenters, if they could
not succeed, might sell the old church for
profane purposes. But it seemed dissenting
chapels were put in trust for purposes of worship, and
so come under the direct guardianship of the Lord
Chancellor Then, Sir M. PETO was perfectly
willing to draw the clause in a way to suit all par-
ties ; and Mr. BOUVERIE, who had charge of the
bill, and Mr. HENLEY himself having acknow-
ledged the reasonableness of the proposal—the latter
shrewdly observing that the material might be
re-erected under the present bill in its old form—
the inexorable clock put an end to this episode by
pointing to a quarter to six. We presume Mr.
HENLEY, Mr. BOUVERIE, and Sir M. PETO will
prepare a clause to which none will dare to object,
however much they might wish to do it.
Mr. C. BENTINCK distinguished himself by deter-
mining to have legal protection for the beauties of
city ecclesiastical architecture: Under the bill it
was possible that St. Stephen, Walbrook ; St.
Martin, Ludgate; St. Peter, Cornhill ; and St.
Swithin, Cannon-street, might all be pulled down.
It was replied in vain that the numerous parties
who must give their consent could never be got to
agree to it. But the member for taste was resolute,
and to please him a special schedule was provided for
the four churches ; not, however, till Lord JOHN
MANNERS had politely informed Mr. BENTINCK
that in all matters relating to Gothic architec-
ture he was " nothing but a Vandal." We ought
also to notice the strong plea for the bill of the
member for the Tower ,Hamlets. The removal
of the bones had been objected to; whereupon
the member for one of the largest borough con-
stituencies in the kingdom appropriately ex-
claimed, that " he hoped the house would prefer the
the souls of the living to the bones of the dead ;"
referring to which Mr. B. OSBORNE observed that
Mr. AYRTON'S remark had been objected to, but
was it not an old proverb—De tnortuis nil nisi—
BONUM. As there is some apprehension that the
hilt, if not actually dead, is in the article of death
—suffocated by the business of the session—we
may as well, perhaps, act on the old proverb, and
say no more on it least we should injure its
meaning.

Under the somewhat unattractive and recondite
title of Government upon First .Principles,* a
philosophic writer has recently given to the world
a volume so-original in its manner, so daring in its
speculations, so comprehensive in its argument, so
varied in its research, and so replete from first to
last with valuable information, that we rest satisfied
it can hardly fail to attract very speedily a consi-
derable portion at least of the general attention its
author has doubtless ambitioned for it. The purport
of the bold thesis here maintained by the adven-
turous inquirer (Mr. JOHN GROSSMITH), to
whose acumen we are indebted for this almost
audacious treatise, has been distinctly enough fore-
shadowed by him in the two little mottoes
) inscribed upon his title-page. One is the senten-
tious dictum (which we may presume to be his
own)—" Crime and injustice among Rulers of
Nations beget crime and injustice everywhere."
The other is a wise and aphoristic saying of MARCUS
AURELIUS, to the effect—" If I have done anything
for society, I have done it really for my own advan-
tage." The former utterance implying significantly
enough the magnitude of the responsibilities de-
volving upon all administrators. The latter suffi-
ciently expressive,in an equally well-balanced sen-
tence, of the inextricable intimacy of our mutual
relations and dependence upon each other.
The courage with which Mr. GRossMITH has here
undertaken to unfold this treatise of his in regard
to " Government on First Principles" is manifested
moreover quite plainly in the announcement made
upon that same significant title-page, that the
thesis maintained in it is not so much argued as
absolutely "PROVED, and illustrated analogically."
How successfully the reader can alone duly appre-
ciate after scrutinizing the majority, at any rate,
of the 131: chapters into which the treatise
of Mr. GROSSMITH has been subdivided-113
chapters comprised within the compass of
these 1460 pages. In a kindred spirit of adven-
turous speculation a philosophic contributor to the
current number of Mr. TIIACKERAY'S Cornhill
Magazine—[J. R.—Cat it be JOHN RUSKIN ? Read-
ing the partially symbolic title of this initial in-
stalment of the series, " The Roots of Honour," we
might rather say, can it be any other than JOHN
RUSKIN P]—in a kindred spirit of adventurous spe-
culation, we say, a writer in the Cornhill has but
just now thrown forth the plummet of inquiry—in,
we believe, a reverent and conscientious effort to
sound the abysses of our social system. Turning
over this ponderous volume of Mr. GROSSMITII in
reference to the vast and vitally important
subject of which it treats we cannot but fear
at times that his investigations here and
there have been conducted somewhat too
discursively. Nevertheless even this is so far
accounted for, that at the very outset of the work
he has forewarned his reader frankly that the
theme he is about to discuss, he is bent upon dis-
cussing only as it deserves to be discussed—viz.,
most comprehensively. The reader is still further
prepared for this, remembering, as he can hardly
fail to do, that upon page one the author inti-
mates almost in so many words that they will have
to begin together, EY 4)6, in principio, from
the very foundations. " The very basis of
governments, as now constituted," he writes, at
the opening of the second paragraph of that first

* Government upon First Principles : Proved and
Illustrated Analogically. By John Grossmith. One vol.
Pp. 160. Piper and Company. 1860.

it (41 I
I Li It. _EA 1

page, is wrong. And further " They," i. e. the
Governments or the bases of the Governments,
" are wrong theologically, morally, and civilly."
From the mere audacity of this formal denunciation
of the civil, moral, and theological bases of all ex-
isting Governmenis—it may be inferred at once, it
is almost unnecessary to intimate upon the in-
stant that it m ust be perfectly well understood
by our own readers, that we diselaim altogether
any intention of going always with Mr. GRossMITH
in his reasoning, of avowing anything like an invari-
able coincidence with him in his deductions, or of
accepting his case (according to the wording of his
title page) as "proved" however clearly, or inge-
niously, or elaborately it may have been, and fre-
quently has been, we will admit at once, " illus-
trated analogically." Our purpose, at this mo-
ment, is simply to direct attention to the fact of
the appearance from the press of this really
remarkable scientific, political, and philosophical
publication. It is an endeavour, as its learned
author avows, to " produce scientific deductions for
the sceptical ; theological and philosophical axioms
for the thoughtful, the virtuous, and the pure; and
first principles for all." In the effort to accomplish
all which the writer conducts those who can to
follow him through the sciences of Geology,
Geometry, Metallurgy, and Chemistry, briefly
introducing them, by way of analogical corro-
borations illustrative of the First Principles of
Government. How wide and various are the fields
traversed in so doing, may be appreciated even by a
cursory glance through the table of contents, from
the initial chapter, upon the Elementary Laws,
clown to the one hundred and thirteenth, upon Love
to All, as the elementary foundation—of Govern-
ment ! Like LAMARCK, like DARWIN—our author
deems that in Nature—Creation has been Progres-
sion ! As suggestive of the philosophic tone of the
arguments here brought forward in illustration of
Government upon First Principles—take a few of
the headings of these 113 Chapters :
" It is law of first principles, that he who makes others
most happy, is, by the very act, himself made most happy."
" The Creator regarded eternal, not temporary objects in
creation, because time must subserve eternity."
" Process of purifying a low metal, such as iron, is ana-
logous to the means necessary in purifying man in his low
condition, viz., his uncultivated nature."
EnouglA, however, if we here add that the politi-
cal and philosophic treatise which we have thus un-
usually particularised in our leading columns,
appears to us to be addressed in a spirit of patrio-
tism as well as in a spirit of philanthropy, to the
minds and hearts of all intelligent and conscien-
ious Englishmen.

There have been many versions of GARIBALDI'S
reply to the letter to him of the King of SARDINIA,
sent by an adjutant, recommending him to abstain
from invading the mainland, and throwing on him
the responsibility of the attempt, should he venture
to make it. We give the following from a con-
temporary; if it does not really contain the exact
words of the General, we may be certain that it is
not far from expressing his thoughts :
" Melazzo, July 27.
"Your Majesty knows the profound respect and
devotion which I feel for you; but the actual state
of affairs in Italy prevents me from obeying you as
I could wish. Having been appealed to by the
people, I have restrained them as far as lies in my
power ; but, according to all that I hear, were I
now to hesitate, I should fail in my duty, and com-
promise the sacred cause of Italy. Permit me then,
Sire, this once to disobey you ; and when I shall
have accomplished my task and delivered the
people from a detested yoke, I will lay my sword
at your feet, and obey you for the rest of my life.
" GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI."

On Tuesday we were told " that Count LETTA, 1
who was sent to GARIBALDI by the King of SAR-
DINIA, was not very cordially received by the Dic-
tator, and was told by him that he could not now
stop in his career, and that he would state the rea-
sons to his Majesty." And yesterday we were told
by a correspondent of the Debuts, " a personage so
high placed as to be well informed, that the
following are pretty nearly the terms of the reply
of GARIBALDI to the letter of the King of SAR-
DINIA Sire, I thank your Majesty for the
honour you have done me in sending me a letter.
I receive with respect the counsels of your Majesty,
and I reserve to myself to reply categorically to
them from Rome.' "

FRANCE.

These and all the other communications agree
pretty closely in their tenor ; the little extrava-
gance respecting Rome excepted. What, however,
we must look to is—what GARIBALDI does. Almost
from silence he emerged at Marsala, Calatafimi,
and Palermo. That work done, another interval of
silence followed. It was broken by the victory at
Melazzo, and the occupation of the city of Messina.
It is another turn of silence now—where will it be
broken ? On the coast of Calabria, or at the city of
Naples itself. We may be sure no outsider
knows. As before, GARIBALDI is preparing for
any desirable achievement, with a pretty clear
notion of what he means to do. But he is not a
rovitinist. His genius watches the whole scene.
Should changes make it desirable to change his
plan, he is ready to swoop down wherever the
prey may be. By the last written communication
all things seemed to be preparing for a passage of
the Straits. Nothing more likely; yet nothing
mere certain than that the great commander can
in an instant adapt himself to any scheme he
thought certain of success. Would that our Horse
Guards could give:us but one or two GARIBALDIS in
each generation, and with such soldiers as we have
no Frenchman would ever venture a hostile trip
across the Channel.

The 36-GUN FRIGATE LUTINE.—An interesting
experiment is in progress for recovering treasure from this
frigate, which foundered off Terechelling, on the Dutch
coast, 61 years ago. The Lutine had been captured by the
British from the French, and had been selected to convey
an amount of specie, supposed, according to some state-
ments, to be nearly £2,000,000, partly for the pay of Bri-
tish and Russian troops, and partly for the assistance of
Hamburg merchants. During the past 30 or 40 years vari-
ous attempts have been made to recover the treasure, and
about £.50,000 had at considerable expense been obtained,
but the wreck ultimately sanded up, and her position was
not re-discovered until some fishermen accidentally found
a portion entangled in floating ice. Within the last few
weeks the parties interested, in conjunction with the Com-
mittee of Lloyd's on behalf of the representatives of the
underwriters who sustained loss, have resolved to empby
Heinke's diving apparatus, and the result is that an exa-
mination has been effected, which shows that the wreck is
at present unusually free from sand, although still buried
to a great extent, and that hopes are held out of the possi-
bility of a considerable portion of the treasure being reco-
vered this season. It is stated, however, that prompt ope-
rations will be necessary, as firma the influence of peculiar
winds the sand may at any time again accumulate.
MARRIAGES OF INFANTS.—Yesterday an act was
passed to " explain" an act with respect to the marriages of
infants. By the 18th and 19th Vic., c. 43, the Court of
Chancery could give its sanction to such marriages by those
who were wards of the Court, and a doubt has arisen whe-
ther the Court of Chancery in Ireland could give such ap-
probation ; thererefore the act was passed to remove all
doubts on the subject.
SIR ROBERT PEEL.—We are authorised to state
that Sir Robert Peel does not retire from the turf except
as an owner of horses, and that he will continue to give the
national pastime all the encouragement in his power by his
personal patronage.—.3/erninq paper.
TERMINATION OF THE SOUTH YORKSHIRE LOCK-
OUT.—We are glad to state that the lock-out of the South-
Yorkshire colliers is now terminated in a satisfactory
manner, and that a day or two need only elapse before all
the men are affain at work. The first step towards the ad-
justment may traced from the proceedings of a meeting
of the masters on Friday evening last, when it was an-
nounced that Messrs Sturges, Paley, and Co. had assented
,es°llcoslidliejay..
eto o
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teeremosf atghree ei‘di
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c collieryia ti
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thiao vni nwga
sp raesv i
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ersestrrsa.ct ed
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annl alt tsefor
It had been previously arranged with regard to that colliery
that men should be appointed on the part of the masters
and colliers, who were to work in the pit for a fortnight,
each side having overlookers, so that it might be seen what
a man really could earn. Colonel Daly„it is stated, has con-
sented to act as referee in the event of any dispute in carry-
ing out this arrangement. At a meeting of the masters,
on Tuesday, it was arranged that the men mould commence
work to-day at their respective collieries. The amount
paid by the Colliers' Executive to the men during the lock-
out amounted to £l,lOO per week.—Manchester Guardian

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING,

N E W

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, AUG. 9.
The Moniteur says :—Prince William of Baden
arrived yesterday at the camp of Chalons.
His Highness will be present at the great mili-
tary manoeuvres.

MARSEILLES, AUG. 9.

Gen. Beaufort has left for Syria with 1,000 men.
In:an order of the day he reminds the soldiers that
they are going to avenge offended humanity in a
country where they will find souvenirs of Gode-
froy, the Crusaders, Gen. Bonaparte, and the first
Republic. He concludes by saying :—The wishes
of the whole of Europe accompany the expedition.

MALTA, AUG. 4 (via MARSEILLES).

Damascus is quiet, but murders are still com-
mitted in the surrounding country. 3,000 Christian
women have been sold at 25 piastres each, and are
detained in the harems:

PARIS, AUG. 8.

BOURSE, Aug. B.—There has been rather more
firmness visible ii the market to-day, and at the
commencement of business and for some little time
after, prices had a slight upward tendency. As
soon, however, as any improvement had declared
itself, sales for realisation were made, and quota-

tions again receded, remaining, however, slightly
above those of the previous day. Threes, for the
account, are now at 68f 30c. Mobilier, 691 f 26c ;
Orleans, 1,370 f; Mediterranean, 890 f; Strasburg,
638 f 75e ; Austrian, 506 f 25c. The following are
the latest quotations :--
41 per per Cents... 98 —; Credit Fonder BBO
Do end month.— 97 90 Belgian 41 -—
3 per Cents 68 15 Piedmontese Fives BO 50
Do. end month.... 68 15 I Roman
Bank Shares ......2830 —1 Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 687 50 , Spanish Threes —
Do. Account 687 50 ; Home Debt