The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-21 00:00:00

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
,tructure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs.
CTT A PTE It ll—Causes of Spermatorrlicea and Impotence;
t,'arts, Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect.
CU APT ER IT T.—A Review of the various Disqualifications
t Marriage; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the
Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
CFI A PTE It I V.—The Author's p lan of Treatment, Medical
ind Moral, being the result of a successful practice extending
iver a period of 25 years.
CHAPTERS V. and VI. on the modern Treatment of
Gonorrhoea and Syphilis.
The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting
asps, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive
Lotion.
REVIEWS 014' TITE WORE.

" Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and
should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times,"
'3(l -March, 1856.
"The author has conferred a great boon by publishing tliis
little work, in which is described the source of those diseases
which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature
old age."—" Daily Telegraph," March 27, 1856.
Sold also by Kent and Co., Paternoster-row; Mann, 39,
Comhill.

During the gale from S.S.W. on Thursday even-
ing, the smack Seaflower, of Cardiff, loaded with limestone,
was totally lost, with all on board, on Aberthaw beach.
She was caught on a lee shore, and the sea, being moun-
tains high, soon broke her up. She had a crew of three
hands—the captain, with one of his sons and anotherman.
—Western Press.

MR. BRloli7, M.P., AT WAKEFIELD.

WAKEFIELD, Nov. 20.

The annual soiree of the Wakefield Mechanics'
Institution was held in the Corn Exchange build-
ings this evening. There was a crowded assembly,
which included members of many of the principal
families of Wakefield and the neighbourhood. Mr.
E. A. Leatham, M.P. for Huddersfield, who is pre-
sident of the institute, occupied the chair, and
among the gentlemen present were Mr. J. Bright,
M.P., Mr. R. M. Milnes, M.P., Mr. T. Collins,
M.P., the Mayor of Wakefield, Mr. T. Haigh, &c.
On making their appearance on the platform, the
Chairman and Mr. Bright, and the gentlemen by
whom they were accompanied, were received with
enthusiastic and reiterated cheers: After the ap-
plause bad subsided,

The CHAIRMAN addresspd the meeting at some
length, urging various reasons why there should
be no evils arising from general education of the
people:
The Secretary read letters of apology from gen-
tlemen who were unable to attend the soiree.

Mr, BRIGHT then rose to address the meeting,
and was received with loud applause. He com-
menced his speech by asking their indulgence, be-
cause he felt himself in a difficult position. It was
many years ago—he forgot how many—since he
appeared on the platform, of a meeting in connec-
tion with a mechanics' institution. Several years
ago he accepted an invitation to preside at one of
the meetings of the Wakefield Mechanics' Institu-
tion, but he was prevented in consequence of a Lore
throat. He therefore appeared there that night to
wipe off the old score. He supposed the same rule
existed at Wakefield as existed at most other
.me-
chanics' institutions—namely, that the speakers on
such occasions as the present should avoid discuss-
ing party politics and natural theology. He was
about the last person who would intrude anything
in the shape of natural theology, and although he
had been 20 years engaged in party politics, yet
few persons in that time had had less sympathy
than he had with what was generally termed party
politics. There was a description of meetings held
in this country in the autumn and winter known
by the name of agricultural meetings, and those
meetings had the same rule, but he found that
nearly every speaker, after just glancing at turnips
or some other agricultural matter, 3hot off at once
into a political disquisition, and if he were a Con-
servative he generally praised Lord Palmerston and
attacked Mr. Gladstone or so humble an individual
as Mr. Bright. (Laughter.) The country gentle-
men in the north were rather an odd class of men.
If there could be a photograph taken of one of
those gentlemen, showing not only his outward
and physical body, but his mental linaments, there
could be no doubt it would represent a man with a
robust constitution and very confused notions.
(Renewed laughter.) He (Mr. Bright) would not
follow the example of those gentlemen. He would
not go into party polities in the least, but he took
it for granted that, as the rule) of the institution
excluded politics which concerned a party, it did
not exclude politics that had no reference to party.
(Hear, hear.) It seemed to him there was nothing
more neglected in the education of all classes in
this country than the consideration of the principles
on which the laws should be founded, and on which
the permanent peace and greatness of the common-
wealth were based. He believed that the liberty,
wealth, happiness, and progress of. every people
met with a thousand obstacles from laws which
were based sometimes on selfishness, but, he be-
lieved, still more frequently on the true interests of
a nation. If these were principles that referred
merely to our day or to this year, he should
scarcely think it worth while to refer to them, but
they appeared to him to refer to all countries, to
all time, and to all people, whatever circumstances
they may be living under. And it seemed, to him
that they were infinitely more important than the
ephemeral struggles and triumphs which attend
the ambition of statesmen with wnom our thoughts
were sometimes so greatly occupied. (Hear, hear.)
One of our poets has said,—and he must apologise
to him, though he was not here, and perhaps, was
not living, if he did not quote him correctly ; but
he was reported to have exclaimed—
" How few of all the ills which men endure

Are those which Kings or laws can make or cure I"
Now, if he were disposed to be iiharp with him or
short, and not disposed to argue the question with
him, he should answer him with a couplet from
another of our poets, who has said, speaking of
his own order :

" Poets, of all men, least regret
Inczeasing taxes and the nation's debt."

—(Loud laughter.) He was prepared to contra-
dict this saying of the poet first quoted. He said
that liberty, and wealth, and happiness, in the pro-
gress of every people, met with a thousand obsta-
cles from laws which were based sometimes upon
selfishness, but he believed much more frequently
up6n ignorance of the true interests of a nation.
(Hear, hear.) The science of political economy, al-
though it was a science which had been practised
by very learned and able men for nearly 100 years,
was a science which was yet absolutely in its in-
fancy, and it was an entire mistake to suppose that
it was only members of mechanics' institutions who
were not well informed upon that science. (Hear.)
Mr. Bright proceeded to refer to the establishment
of the corn laws in 1815, remarking that, with such
a season as there had been during the last six
months, if these corn laws—which were supported
by statesmen, by bishops, by learned men, and by
Oxford and Cambridge scholars—had been in exist-
ence, his hearers might rely upon it that the manu-
factures of this country would have been in a state
of confusion. The capitalists of the country would
be bankrupts, workmen would be unemployed, and
statesmen would be at their wits' end to find a re-
medy for the mischief. (Hear.) Mr. Bright next
alluded to the French treaty, expressing his belief
that those who lived as many years hence as had
elapsed since the repeal of the corn laws, would
have the same opinion of the advantage of the step
which had just been taken with regard to France
which was now held as to the step taken in 1846
with regard to the corn laws. But there was an-
other matter in which the working classes were
more interested ; at least, they had it more under
their own control than the question of the tariff—
viz., the question of combination to raise wages.
Now, if there was one class of persons in this coun-
try whose wages had risen more than another with-
in the last 20 years, it was the class of female do-
mestic servants ; but who ever heard of a combina-
tion among cooks or housemaids to get higher
wages ? (Hear.) Now, how was this ? The lady
who employed such persons regarded her expendi-
ture with a far keener eye than her husband, who
employed large numbers of persons in his manufac-
tory, usually did, and they might depend upon it
that if the value of the labour of domestic servants
were not worth what it fetched the mistresses
would not be disposed to give the advance, which
they had not given to their servants for many
years past. (Hear.) The error With regard to com-
binations of workmen arose from the notion that
masters could control wages ; but surely if a mas-
ter could control wages, he could control prices.
(Hear,) Neither the one nor the other was under
the control of the manufacturer or the capitalist.
What was going on in the northern counties of
England was a proof beyond all cavil that when
trade was greatly extended, profits increasing, and
demand for labour growing from month to month,
wages would rise, and that without any kind of
combination. (Hear.) The hon. gentleman referred
to a letter he had received from Glasgow, the
writer of which suggested that Parliament should
fix a minimum rate of wages, and that it should be
an indictable offence for any manufacturer or em-
ployer of labourers to reduce the rate below that
amount. He (Mr. Bright), in reply to that letter,
said that unless manufacturers could secure their

profits at one end it seemed very unreasonable that
they should give a certain rate of wages which
they might not be- able to afford to give. The reason
he had introduced this was, not to show the im-
portance of general education, for that he con-
ceived to be settled, but to show the importance of
education being directed to political questions. Let
him take another matter. There was the question
of the expenditure of a Government. Some foolish

persons had said it did not matter what taxes

people paid to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, be-
cause it all came back in refreshing showers ;
donbtless that might be, but the showers only re-
ft est' ed the taxeaters—they never refresh the tax-
payers. (Laughter.) The same arguments m;ght
be used by the highwayman when he committed a
robbery; or, if they had a conqueror living among
them and they paid a tribute to him, it might
be said it made no difference, because the money
was spent in the country. He hoped the people
were beginning to find that taxes were taxes,
and he hoped they would never imagine that
not a single farthing of the taxes beyond what
was
ever benefit
required fort
them any m
heeco nomiealosreerrhn if they lost
it theS tae
t
would
it in the sea or somebody picked their pockets of it.
(Applause.) At the present moment there was in
this country a condition of general prosperity
which had never been exceeded since the com-
mencements of the great war with France. He held
that prosperity to be based mainly on the long con-
tinuance of peace, to a very large extent upon the
revolution of the tariffs in the country which he
had already spoken of, and also to the enormous
saving to all the operations of the country by the
introduetion of the mode of transit by railway.
Well, the results were great, but, notwithstanding
all this, and that every public speaker and writer
broke into exclamations of satisfaction at the pros-
perity which now prevailed—as if it were a pros-
perity which had never been equalled before, and
that they could not hope long to enjoy, they ought
to bear in mind that at this moment there were
hundreds of thousands of families in this country
whose condition was that of poverty close verging
upon pauperism, and to whom the rays of that
prosperity seem scarcely to have reached at all. It
was worth while considering whether all had yet
been done to raise the people to the condition to
which they rightfully hope to attain. He did not
believe in it being the end of the government, the
end of civilization, the end of education, of morality,
and Christianity that the great body of the people
in this country should be in the condition they were
in now. Even in this time of great prosperity, to
say nothing of the fearful condition they had been
in in times past, they who were better off, who
from their fathers' industry or their own, or from
happy circumstances in which they had been placed,
were better oft; were bound to look at the lowest
strata of society, and see how and why it was that
hundreds and thousands of families seemed to make
almost no progress upwards, and who, if the gene-
ral prosperity of the country were in the least
clouded, were plunged into a state of suffering
shocking to behold, which was really not creditable
to the government or to the civilization of the country.
Mr. Bright continued by referring to a letter he had
received about two years ago from Mr. Cobden, who
was at that time in the United States of America, and
in which the writer said that, notwithstanding the
artisan and labouring class in England had made
greater progress during the last 25 years than they
had during any former similar period of time, those
classes in the United States were much further in
advance than they were in England. This was a
remarkable fact, and Mr. Bright had never heard
any man who disputed it. He met not long ago a
gentleman connected with what was generally re-
ported the most reputable of the press in this coun-
try, who had been spending some days in the United
Sates, and he gave the same accounts. He wanted
to know what made the difference. It was not
necessarily the form of government. It was not a
question of latitude or longitude and people had
to work in the United States ; the machinery there
did more labour, and the land was not even as fer-

tile. How came it, then, he asked their public
writers, he asked their statesmen, he asked minis-
ters of religion—how came it, then—this fact was
notorious and indisputable—that in the United
States the great body of the artisans and labouring
classes were so much better off than they were in
this country ? He hew of three causes that would
account for it. In the United States the land was
wholly free from all feudal law and tenures ; tIH
people were instructed by an extensive and
thoroughly working common school, useful to a
degree infinitely beyond what the people of this
country ever dreamt of ; and, further, that from some
cause or other that he could not then inquire into, the
Government of the United States, although the
population of each country was about 20,000,000,
spent nearly £60,000,000 sterling less than the Go-
vernment of this country. He only stated facts,
and he said they were not in the least questions of
party, not questions of forms of government,
but questions of principles with regard to our
legislation, and Mechanics Institutions would but ill
fulfil their duty to their members if they were con-
tent with teaching the common rules of arithmetic
or drawing or music, or other branches or know-
ledge which we taught them, and did not bring
their classes and their members as much as possible
to consider those great questions on which the
wellbeing of their families and the country most
depended. (Applause.) After some further re-
marks, in the course of which he passed a warm
eulogium on the benevolence and piety of the pre-
sent age, but said that he considered the meeting
was 'Aware that that single Act of Parliament
which limited the supply of food was worth more
than 10,000 soup kitchens, Mr. Bright said that
there could be no doubt that every simple inven-
tion which was made in machinery and agriculture
added to our power of production, and ought to add
to our comfort. In his opinion, it ought to lessen
human labour and to increase human enjoyment";
but if through bad principles of legislation—if
through errors of government the public resources
were wasted—of our great industry a vast quantity
was misdirected—if these great blunders were
made, there might be rich men and rich families;
but the multitude would still be poor, and the com-
forts they had would still be precarious. He
wanted them to study these subjects more than
they had done before ; it would enable them to see
that they might govern themselves more wisely,
and, if they did so, he believed that they might
raise mankind to a higher level, they might give
greater glory to their country, they might dispense
greater happiness among the families of which it
was composed, and they might do that which was
not a little thing—they might do something to
justify the ways of God to man. Mr. Bright sat
down amid renewed and hearty plaudits.
Mr. Milnes, M.P., Mr. Collins, M.P., and
other gentlemen subsequently addressed the
assembly.
The proceedings terminated with the National
Anthem.

The Pneumatic Despatch Company have satis-
facJ)rilly completed their preliminary experiments at the
Soho Works at Birmingham, and will now proceed with
the construction of the permanent tube intended to be laid
between the General Post-office and Bloomsbury, a dis-
tance of a mile and a furlong. The tube will be 21 feet in
diameter.
THE BUYER'S DESIDERATUM.—" The buyer's desidera-
tum is to find an establishment where will be presented to
him ample choice of artistic designs, without having forced
upon his attention a host of mere ingenious ones, and
oe everyamount
descriptiveLondonpostfreemanufacturersecure
him
n.
struetion of watch now made. Watches safe 'by post to all
parts of the globe.

VISIT OF THE EMPRESS OF THE
FR,ENCIf TO
SCOTLAND.

The visit of the Empress Eugenie to the Scotch
metropolis has been received by its inhabitants with
much gratification and pride. Coming as she does
ostensibly in incognito, she.has, nevertheless, wher-
ever recognised, obtained a welcome of the most
genuine description. Old countries have long
memories, and Scotland does not forget that before
the union with England, to which she owes so much,
her great ally and friend was France; and to the
illustrious lady herself a still closer tie is owned,
for she is of the:family of the Kirkpatricks, whose
history may be traced from the time of Robert
Bruce. Scotland has before now been the place of
exile of Fxench monarchs, for Charles X. resided
long in Holyrood ; but hitherto it has not been
honoured with a visit from any of the reigning
houses of France.

On Monday her Imperial Majesty, accompanied
by the Marquis de la Grange, the Countess de
Montebello, Madame de Sauley, and Colonel Fave,
visited Holyrood Palace, Arthur's Seat, Leith Fort,
and Edinburgh Castle, and at various points along
their route met with an instant recognition and a
courteous reception. The distinguished party left
Douglas's Hotel at a quarter past 11 in a carriage
and pair, and drove along Waterloo-place, Regent-
road, and Abbey-hill to Holyrood ; thence along
the Queen's Drive to the eastward, passing the
scene of the great Volunteer Review, and round
the hill till they arrived at Dunsapie Loch, where
they alighted. The party then began to ascend the
hill, and had climbed about halfway up when on
account of the slippery nature of the ground, conse-
quent on the strong frost which prevailed ou Sun-
day night and the thaw which followed yesterday
they were compelled to retrace their steps and to
forego the intention of reaching the summit. After
remaining the greater part of an hour on the hill the
partyagain entered the carriage and drove on to Holy-
rood Palace. Here her Majesty and suite alighted,
and were first conducted through the Queen's apart-
ments by Mr. Gough, the resident keeper. They were
then shown the picture gallery, so called from its
long series of fictitious portraits of Scottish Kings
from the Christian era, painted some two centuries
ago like a " band of brothers," and were likewise
conducted to the apartments of Mary Stuart, once
the Queen Consort of France, and who left that
country in 1560 to assume her father's sceptre, to
rule the rude barons and turbulent people of Scot-
land, and, at the same time, meekly to listen to the
stern counsels of John Knox. To everything con-
nected with Mary's romantic and sad story, her Im-
perial Majesty listened with evident attention, and
examined with interest the relics of the period pre-
served in the apartments. The visitors were also
conducted to the ruined chapel, but on account of
the coldness of the air they remained there but a
short time.

It was next intended to visit the Castle, but
owing to some mistake of the orders to the coach-
man the party were driven along by Abbey-hill,
Easter-road, and Junction-road to Leith Fort, and
the error was only found out when the strangers
arrived at the fort, and when her Majesty asked to
see the Scottish Crown. On being informed that
this relic of merged historic royalty was in Edin-
burgh Castle they did not alight, but immediately
returned to the city by way of Bonnington, and
reached the Castle about 3 o'clock. Here her Impe-
rial Majesty was received by Licut.-Colonel Ewart,
of the 78th Highlanders, who accompanied the dis-
tinguished party throughout the Castle, and drew
attention to the various points of interest for which
it is famed, including the Regalia, the apartmentS
of Queen Mary, St. Margaret's Chapel, and Mons
Meg, &c., with the sight and description of which
her Imperial Majesty seemed very much interested.
The guard was mounted in honour of her Majesty,
and she seemed to take great interest in the gallant
78th, being the first Highland regiment she had
ever seen. Her Majesty also examined several of
the barrack-rooms, and inspected their various ar-
rangements with evident interest. After having
been shown everything about the Castle, her
Majesty rested for a short time in the colonel's
quarters, and was then accompanied by the
gallant officer to the carriage. Owing to the thick
and hazy state of the atmosphere her Majesty ob-
tained but a very limited view of the surrounding
country from the battlements of the Castle, and
saw under most unfavourable circumstances the
beautiful panorama from the Mons Meg battery,
After leaving the Castle, the party drove down
the Mound and up Hanover-street, to the shop of
Messrs. J. F. and W. Marshall, jewellers, George-
street, where her Majesty made several purchases,
selecting a variety of Celtic jewellery ornaments.
She remained here for fully half an hour, and be-
fore she left a large and eager crowd had assembled
before the door. On leaving the shop she was re-
ceived with loud cheering and waving of hats—a
display of feeling which her Majesty acknowledged
by frequently bowing to the crowd. She then
drove off rapidly and arrived at Douglas's Hotel
at half-past four o'clock. Here again a large
crowd had assembled, many having waited for an
hour or two, almost blocking up the steps leading
to the hotel, in their anxiety to secure a glimpse
of the Empress on her return. As her Majesty
alighted from the carriage another ebullition of
enthusiasm took place, which her Imperial Majesty
appeared to take in good part, and as a demonstra-
tion of welcome, as it undoubtedly was. The Lord
Provost called at Douglas's Hotel immediately after
the return of the Empress in the afternoon, in order
to pay his respects. So far as known, the visit of
the Empress to Edinburgh will be prolonged for
several days. It is rumoured that her Imperial
Majesty will pay a visit to the Trosachs and Loch
Katrine, the beautiful scenery of which was visited
last year by Queen Victoria.