The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, ..JITLY 16, 186 b.

ceive

igh wages ; for unless they have constant

employment, no matter how high the wages may
be, the workman is no richer, for, as is too often

the case, he spends his earnings before he can ob-
ain other employment. The true state of the coun-

try is kept as much in the dark as possible, by those
whose interest it is to keep the labour market over-
stocked, so as to get men at their own price. When

:he construction of the railways from Melbourne to

Ballarat and Sandhurst were commenced, great
hopes were entertained by the public that employ-
ment would be given to those out of work. Messrs.
CORNISH and BRUCE obtained the contract for the
Sandhurst line ; they got their own price, and it
was a good one. Their first step was to reduce the
current wages of the labourer from Bs. and 10s. per
diem to 7s. and 7s. 6d. ; this gave great dissatisfac-
tion. The best workmen left; but the poorer, who
had some of them come long distances to seek em-
ployment, were obliged to take the price the con-
tractor chose to give ; but even this mode of doing
business was too expensive for these worthy con-
tractors, and they gradually got rid of their day
men and let the work out by sub contract or piece
work. Amongst such an heterogeneous assem-
blage as that of the workmen—a great number of
whom were Iri'h, who are notorious for undersel-
ling their neighbours, no unity of purpose existed,
and the piecework was let at prices which would
barely pay for the men's rations while at work.
At the present time contractors are advertising
that they can give employment to any number of
hands, but when the men arrive they are offered
piece-work at such ridiculously low prices that they
would rather loaf about the country than work for
no practical remuneration.
From the commencement of this ill-omened con-
tract, Messrs. CORNISH and BRUCE have been at
war with their employees and very often with the
Government, but lately something very like a
swindle has been detected. A Committee of In-
quiry was granted, on the motion of Mr. WooDs,
by the House of Assembly, to inquire into the
matter, of which Mr. WOODS was nominated chair-
man. The Argus informs us that " Some weeks
afterwards it transpired that an offer of a valuable
appointment in his service had been made by Mr.
BRUCE, the surviving partner, to Mr. WOODS, and
on the fact becoming known, Mr. WOODS made an
explanation in the House, but, on a friendly mo-
tion, he was released from further attendance upon

the committee."
With all these facts before us (and we could cite
hundreds more if it were necessary) we rejoice to find
that the dark hour is passing away. With a free
selection over 4,000,000 of acres, to be purchased
at the upset price of .-C1 per acre, and a power of
leasing with the right to purchase on the expiration
of the lease, and subject only to such restrictions
as shall disqualify all but bona fide purchasers,
those possessed of a small capital will quickly
invest. England will furnish a class of emigrants
more suited to the wants of Australia than the
Government Emigration Society at present send out
—men who will employ labour, not seek it. With
constant employment wages will come down , but the
labourer will grow richer—provisions will become
more plentiful, and therefore cheaper. Owing to
the vast extent of the Australian colonies, there is
a great variety of climate ; in fact, before long, our
South Pacific colonies will be able to furnish us
with those articles of commerce for which we are
now indebted to America and other countries.
However sluggish some of the Governments have
been, and that of New South Wales in particular,
the colonists have in many cases shown great enter-
prise. The alpaca was lately introduced into New
South Wales by private individuals, but the Go-
vernment refusing any assistance the flock was sold
by them to the Victorian Government, and it is
now thriving well. Some fine samples of cotton
have been produced at Port Curtis, near which
place a Sydney gentleman proposed to cultivate
the crop on a large scale, if the Government would
countenance the undertaking, but with the want of
energy which characterises all the proceedings of
the mother colony, it was refused. Victoria must
ultimately be in name, and she now is practically,
the principal colony, and if she only advances on
the right road upon which she has now taken the
first grand step, e'er long Australia will vie with
America in population, commerce, and importance.

His Royal Highness the Prince Consort will
leave Osborne this morning for town, in order to attend
the meeting of the Statistical Congress, appointed to as-
semble this afternoon.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent will
remain until the close of next week at Osborne on a visit to
her Majesty, and shortly afterwards repair to Lauriston
House, the Duke of Sutherland's seat, near Edinburgh, to
pass the autumn.
The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough, with
their youthful family, left St. James's-square on Saturday,
for Blenheim Palace, near 'Woodstokc.

V
The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter and Lady
Mary Cecil will leave Grosvenor-square to-day for Burgh-
ley House, near Stamford, in order to receive a large party
during the Stamford race meeting.
The Marquis and Marchioness Bandini have
arrived at Claridge's Hotel from St. Leonards-on-Sea.

The Marquis Viscomti has arrived at the Bruns
wick Hotel, Jermyn-street. _ _

The Earl of Sefton has entertained a large party
at Croxteth Park, near Liverpool, during the past week fo

he races.

The Countess (Dowager) of Westmoreland and
Lady Rose Pane left town a few days since on a tour in
Germany.
The Countess of Dundonald, who had come to
England to attend Lord Dundonald in his dangerous ill-

ness, has now left London for Boulogne. Her ladyship
has lately suffered seriously in her own health.
It is understood that her Majesty will not
prorogue this session of Parliament in person, but that a
commission will be issued for that purpose.—Court Journal.
HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.—On Saturday even-
ing the above theatre was reopened .for ane" after-season"
at reduced prices, when " La Figlia del Reggimento" was
performed, with the accomplished and charming Madame
Marie Cabel as the heroine. It must suffice for the present
to say that the a.d mirable prima donna of the Opera Coe lique
achieved a very great success, and was most efficiently sup-
ported by Signor Belart, as Tonio. and Signor Ciampi, as
Sulpizio. Madame Cabel was enthusiastically applauded
in all her efforts, especially for her astonishingly brilliant
vocalisation in the "lesson scene," and was unanimously
called for at the termination of each act.
OFFICIAL INSPECTION OF LANCASHIRE VOLUN-
TEERS—The greatest volunteer demonstration yet witnessed
in Lancashire took place on Saturday last at the Aintree
racecourse, near Liverpool, when Col. M'Murdo held an
official inspection of the various volunteer corps of Liver-
pool and the adjacent towns and districts. Altogether
there were assembled on the ground 4,700 volunteers, of
whom 1,730 . belonged to the artillery. A detachment of
the various artillery corps manoeuvred and fired salutes from
six 9-pounder field pieces, both before and at the termination
of the proceedings. The attendance of the spectators vas
pgao
about
lo thuatend twoweather the
hours,
the most numerous ever witnessed on the racecourse, and
the grand and adjacent stands were crowded by the elite of
n e gta
the
como uo
volunteerssr
th op or
odp;i
tai
marchingon
ud st. o clownT
eininspectione tohl
columns,
mp rnos
lasted
eLeievde pro-
ceedings
quick and double quick. Col. M'Murdo
was attended by the
Earl of Sefton, the lion. C. Molyneux, Col. Marri tt,
Majors Harman and Archdale, &c. Col. M'Murdo ex-
pressed his entire satisfaction at the display he had wit-
nessed, and said ho should report his satisfaction to the
Secretary for War, and he would also take care that the
Queen should hear of it. In the course of the afternoon a
silver bugle was presented to the Ist company of the Ist
brigade of the Lancashire Artillery Volunteers by Miss
Louisa Brown.
BRIGHTON ELECTION.—The nomination of can-
didates for the vacancy occasioned in the representation of
the borough of Brigh•on, by the decease of the late Sir
George Pechell, took place on Saturday, on the hustin„es
.
erected in front of the Town-hall. The crowd of lookers-en
was numerous, but throughout the proc:edings they be_
hayed themselves in a most orderly manner, each party of
cow se exhibiting its enthusiasm on behalf of its favourite
candidate, but in the spirit of the strictest fair play, afford-
ing a patient hearing to each speaker indifferently. The
first of the competitors, for the vacant seat to make his
appearance was Mr. Goldsnaid, who was very faveuralsly
received. He was quickly followed by Mr. Moore, his Con-
servative rival, but whose presence on the platform was
unnoticed by the assembly. Not so, however, the advent
of Mr. White, the second -liberal candidate, formerly me
the
rn •
her for Plymouth, who was attended by Mr. Catt,
Brighton brewer, and a large body of friends. The respec-
tive candidates aving been proposed and seconded, the
Mayor called for a-show of hands, and declared the election
Ito have fallen upon Mr. White. A poll was demanded on
, the part of 2slr. Goldsmid and Mr. Moore.

1:1,4

-11 11,1,
.L ICA .

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. neuter's office :

PALERMO, JULY 12.
The two vcssek which have passed over to Gari-
baldi are metcantile steamers.

Laporta, and Orsini remain in the
Ministry.
The states of things in Sicily inspires confidence.

MARSEILLES, JULY 15.
Lagrecca, a Neapolitan Minister, has arrived
here and left for Paris.

The day before yesterday the kingdom of Naples
was tranquil. _ . .

It is said that a strong and compact Ministry
will be immediately formed, to carry out to their
full extent the principles of constitutional govern-
ment, and to watch over the interests of the nation.

PALERMO, JULY 10.
The °facial journal publishes the following

note :
On Saturday, Signori La Farina, Griselli, and
Totti were removed from Palermo, by order of the
Dictator.
Griselli and Totti are Corsicans affiliated to the
police of the Continent. The three were expelled
for having conspired against order.
The Government which watches over public
tranquillity could not tolerate the presence of such
individuals.
Another note says:—
The National Society, whose resources have been
reduced since Garibaldi declined the presidency,
has been rather a hindrance than an assistance to
the Sicilian cause.
It is asserted that a Neapolitan war vessel came
on the day of the departure of the mail to surrender
itself to Garibaldi.

PALERMO, (via MARSEILLES), JULY 9.

Sanguinary combats have taken place near Mes-
sina betwetn the Neapolitan Colonel Bosco and the
advanced guard of the Sicilian army.
General Cosenz has brought 1,000,000 lire and 57
cannon to Garibaldi.
Admiral Mundy has left for Naples.
There are scarcely any but Sardinian vessels in
the roads of Palermo.
Garibaldi has ordered the assassin of Colonel
Puglisi to be arrested.

ALEXANDRIA, JULY 6.
Letters from Syria to the 3d inst. state that the

massacres, burnings, and pillages still continue.

VIENNA, JULY 15.

The frigate Mldetzky has been ordered to pro-
ceed to Syria in order to co-operate with the
vessels of the other Powers for the protection of

ing the time the session lasts an indemnity, which,
shall not exceed 20 tari (7s. ld.) per day.
6. After the publication of these presents the
civic councils of all the communes will meet on the

Ist July and proceed
• (a) To the creation of the'eleetoral councils; (b) to
the choice of a place for the sitting of ;the commit-
tees ; (c) to the drawing up of the informations to
be announced by the public crier, and posted up in
the most frequented parts of the commune, for

making known to the people the operations in

detail.
7. The eleetoral committee in each commune
will consist of the president of the civil council,
who will preside over it ; or the chief municipal
magistrate, of the officer commanding the soldiers
of the 33 category, if such exists in the commune ;
of the archpriest or the cure who is the oldest,and
of the oldest notary in the commune. And if they
are prevented by old age, absence, illness, or any
other cause, they will be replaced by those who are
lawfully next to them in rank, or, if these latter
fails, by other persons chosen by the civic council.
This committee will be assisted by the secretary
of the civic council.
8. Should the commune be divided into several
parishes, besides the committee, composed as above
in the preceding article, secindary committees
equal in number to the parishes shall be formed ;
each of them will consist of three civic councillors,
the oldest of whom shall discharge the duties of
president, and the youngest those of secretary, of
the cure or archpriest or of such as are lawfully
their substitutes, and of the oldest notary.
9. The relations and connexions to the third de-
gree inclusively cannot simultaneously form part of
the committee. In this case, the youngest must
withdraw and his place filled up in the manner
above indicated.
10. As the place of sitting for the electoral com-
mittees, the largest and most central churches will
be chosen.
11. The electoral committees will meet on the
10th of June.
12. The first act of the committee will be to open
a register, in which will be inscribed every day
their operations and the resolutions adopted. The
decisions will be vested in the majority. Should
one or two of the members be absent, their places
will be filled by those next in succession, and should
these also fail to attend, by a person chosen by the
civic council. In case of a tie in the voting, the
president will have a casting vote. The committees
will correspond with the civic councils respecting
everything that shall be necessary for the good or-
ganisation of the elections.
13. On the same day the committees will open
their book, called the register of the electors, which
will be portioned off in alphabetical orders. This
register will be open for at least six hours a day,
from 9 a.m to 3 p.m. During this time.the com-
mittees will continue to sit.
14. Whenever an elector presents himself the
secretary of the committee will write in the regis-
ter, under the several heads, the Christian name,
the surname, the father's name, the age, profession,
and abode of elector, together with the obser-
vations, should the committee consider any to be
necessary.
15. No one can be inscribed in more than one
parish, under pain of losing the right of suffrage.
An elector is likewise forbidden to have himself
inscribed in any other parish save that of the quar-
ter where he lives or has his settlement ; in the
contrary case, the electoral committee will strike
his name off the list and will send him back to the
parish where his home is.
16. The elector being admitted, and his name in-
scribed in the register, the committee will hand
a ticket, signed by at least three members, on which
ticket will be written his own name, his father's,
the address of his abode, and, should there be seve-
ral parishes, the name of the parish where he lives,
with his number on the list. This ticket will en-
able the elector to have his vote duly received for
scrutiny.
17. All the operations of registration will last
until the 16th:of July, 3 p.m., when the list will be
closed, and at the bottom of the said list there shall
be written an account stating the total number of
the electors and the collated accuracy between the
two registers. From that moment no person has
any longer the right of having his name inserted.
18. On the 18th of July the committee will cause
to be posted up on the door of the place of sitting
an alphabetically arranged list of the inscribed elec-
tors' namss, extracted from the register, and every
one shall be permitted from the 18th to the end of
the 20th day of the month to make his objections
to the electors before the electoral committee, which
will decide forthwith. The objections may be made
in person or by writing. In either case a note shall
be taken dawn in the register, and the committee
will decide immediately after inspecting the docu-
ments or from the public notoriety of the facts.
19. For the individuals belonging to the several
corps of the army, wherever they may be, they will
be admitted to vote by a committee consisting of
the commandant of the corps, who will preside, and
of two of the highest officers next in rank to him-
self. Where there are several officers of this same
rank, age will confer priority. There will be,
moreover, a secretary, to be chosen by the core-

mandant.
The taking of the vote will be at the period in-
dicated by the preceding articles. The electoral
register will remain in the hands of the comman-
dant. Should there be any objections, they will
be immediately decided.
20. Another decree will make known the day
and manner of taking the vote.
21. The Secretary of State of the Interior is
charged with the execution of the present decree.
Palermo, June 23, 1860.
The Dictator, GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI.
The Secretary of State of the Interior,
F. CRISPI.

The Exchange and Bank of Palermo have re-
opened since the 25th June.

FRENCH VIEW OF AN ENGLISH

DEBATE.

The Ami de la Religion, the recognised organ in
the newspaper press of the Liberal Catholic party
in France, contains an admirable letter from its
London correspondent, under date the 10th, giving
a graphic account of the debates in the Commons
on the Friday and Thursday previous. The writer
was evidently an eyewitness of what passed; he
seems to have entered into the scene with much
sympathy ; and he describes it with the spirit of
one who greatly admires English institutions. It
would go far to dispel many prejudices if certain
Paris contemporaries of the Ami de la Religion fol-
lowed its example. The letter, from which I give
a few short extracts, opens with the following
sketch :

" I believe that for the last 25 years there has
not been any debate in the Commons' House of
Parliament of such importance as that of Thursday
and Friday last, for the object attained and the
talent displayed were equally remarkable. Your
London correspondent in his letter of yesterday
explained to you the subject of the debate, of which
I will give you only the leading features. On
Thursday last, a few minutes after six o'clock,
Lord Palmerston rose full of mischief,' as they
say here. .He made a speech of which your corre-
spondent gives the true character in saying that it
equally supported black and white;' but the speech
was like the very man himself, elegant, light, full of
life, not complicated with minute scruples, not em-
barrassed with the inconvenient apprehensions of
an over-sensitive conscience. It was a rope dance,
if you will, but most gracefully executed. And,
again, remark well, if you please, that in reality, the
Prime Minister had reason and the constitution on
his side and the whole nation with hira. The three
resolutions were the least clear possible, but that is
precisely what they ought to be. They aimed at
an agreeable obscurity. Nevertheless, in the middle
of his speech a too evident argument of justice
tempted Lord Palmerston. He could not resist it,
and suddenly the astonished Radicals heard it as-
serted that the Lords in rejecting the Paper Duty
Repeal Bill hail merely completed the work of the
House of Commons. A bil!, said he, which, after
having passed the second reading by a majority of
53 votes, and obtained but 9 on the third reading,
may be regarded as the object of decreasing enthu-
siasm. At these words you should have seen the
face Of the Chancellor of the Exchequer; leaning
back, as he always does, on the Treasury bench, his
pale and (now) thin features, his head resting on
the back of the seat, his eyes closed, his lips corn-
pressed—he looked as if he had endured with re-
signation for an hour ordinary and extraordinary
torture, when this Parthian arrow of his able col-
league' pierced him to the heart. An indescribable
shade passed over his expressive features, an im-
perceptible shudder through his entire frame—one
of those wounds had assuredly been inflicted which
one revenges. He remained silent; nobody stirred
on the Opposition benches. The Opposition was
elsewhere; it was holding its sitting in the, midst
of the incredible adherents of the Ministry."

The writer has a high opinion of Mr. W Itteside
as an orator :

" Whiteside has never spoken better than he
did that night. He is the last who holds the tra-
ditions of the great Irish political character—the
Grattans, the Currans, the Sheridans, the Shiels;
so much so that when he ceased there remained
very little of that scaffolding raised by the Radicals ;
and the sarcasms of Disraeli, who, to say truth,
closed the debate (for the embarrassed explanations

of Lord John really went for nothing), had merely
a prostrate enemy to waste' themselves on."
Of Mr. Horsman he says.—

" I cannot describe the effect produced by this
speech, which was in every respect a master-
piece. But, besides his irresistible eloquence, what
is especially to be remarked in Mr. Horsman is that

he restored the debate to its true ground, from
which in the excitement of the moment it had
strayed. With him public opinion is forced to
admit the true sense of these memorable debates,
and to estimate at its real value the victory which
has just been gained. But what really gained in
this last contest is the representative system itself.
If England was governed merely by the pure Par-
liamentary system, Heaven only knows what would
become of the Peers in the hands of men like those
who follow Mr. Bright. But, to her honour and
to her happiness, England is governed by repre-
sentative institutions faithfully practised. There
is no power in the country that is not represented,
and any power that exceeds its limits at once feels
the presence of another power, which restrains it.
Now, the Commons were in that position, and
tended to excessive preponderance. This is what
Mr. Horsman had the courage to tell them, and I
doubt if the present generation has ever heard any-
thing more eloquent than the peroration of his
speech. Thanking the Upper House for its salu-
tary action, he said, 'The Lords have saved us, and
have arrested you (pointing his finger to Mr. Glad-
stone) in a course of desperate and unbridled folly.'
As for the indescribable applause which closed this
barangue, I estimate it at its proper value ; but
what should count for much is the profound feel-
ing every man has that he has received a solemn
lesson in the constitutional history of Great

_
Britain.
" The sitting closed on Friday at 3 in the morning
.... . . . . . . _ _ _

Day was breaking when I left, and the horizon was
beginning to brighten. The only shadow was that
of the great Abbey, rich with the memories of many
Kings ; the only murmur was from the Thames,
pressed by the mighty wealth which floated on its
bosom. Believe me there is no grandeur, whether
of nature or of history, which can be compared to
the grandeur of the scene I had just witnessed.
No, there is nothing more grand than the spectacle
of a country passionately attached to its liberties
and its rights, animated by an unbounded political
ardour, living with the public life, and committing
its dignity to that noblest of all powers with which
God has endowed man—the tutelary power of human
thought expressed freely by the word of man ! "