The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-07 00:00:00

THE §t7N, LONDON, WEDNESDAY tIVENING, NOVEMBER 7, 1860.

OYA T. PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. _

THIS EVENING, an adaptation of Victor Hugo's cele-
brated Play of RUY BLAS, by Edmund Falconer, Esq. `•
when Mr. Fechtor, the favourite actor of Parisian renown.
will make his 10th appearance on the P:nglish stage, supported
by Messrs. W. Lacy, Meadows, Garden, Graham, Raymond,
Worland, Collett, Paulo, Daly, A. Harris ; Miss Rose
Leclercq, Mrs. Weston, and Miss Heath.

To be preceded by SUSAN SMITH.
To conclude with BOWL'D OUT. Mr. Widdicomb.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEUM.
Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.
THIS -EVENING. the performances will commence with
Rayle Bernard's admired Drama of THE WEPT OF THE
WISH-TON-WISH. Principal characters by Mr. T. Lyon,
Mr. Henry Neville, Mr. John Rouse, Mr. H. Butler, Mr. For-
rester, Mr. Campbell,. Mr. J. Johnstone ; Miss Neville, Mrs.
J. Rouse, and Madame Celeste.
After which (3d time)THE PE PS OF THE PARTERRE.
Scenic Department under the direction of Mr. Wm. Callcott.
The Music by Mr. George Loder. Principal characters by Mr
H. Neville, Mr. John Rouse, Mr. 3. Morris. Miss M. Ternan,
Miss Neville, MissHudspetb, Miss Stuart, Miss Turner, Miss
Douglas, Miss Annie Collinson, and Miss Lydia Thompson.
To conclude with GRIST TO THE MILL. Mr. GI orge
Vinincr, Mr. J. Johnstone, Mr. Forrester, Mrs. J. Rouse, and
Miss Rose Howard.
Commence at 7.

A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
'316. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Beni. Webster.
Great Success of the new Drama, by Dion Bourcicault, Esq.,
The Colleen Bawn."—Miss Agnes Robertson every even-
ing.
THIS EVENING. ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS.
Messrs. J, L. Toole, C. Selby, Billifsgton, Mrs. Chatteriey,
Miss K. Kelly, .tic.
After which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. Bourcicanit, D.
Fisher, Billincrton, Faloner, Stephenson. C. J. Smith, Romer.
Miss Agnes Robertson,c Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and
Mrs. Chatterley.
Followed by DINORATI UNDER DIFFICULTIES.
Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, Eburne, C. J. Smith, Miss
E. Thorne.
Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7.
Box-office open from 10 till 5.
No charge for booking.
Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes,-£l.
Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, •
pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, ls. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, id:
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

ikSTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Was. BATTY.
Triumphant success and increasing popularity of the Grand
Spectacle of ROBIN HOOD.
Second Week of Madame Newsome, Mr. James Newsome,
and their Troupe of uneqnalled perf ,rmers, &c., including
the incomparable Young Charles Ducrow, the Greatest
Wonder of the age.
This Evening, the highly successful new Spectacle, in Three
Acts, by, E. Fitzball, Esq., entitled ROBIN HOOD ; or. the
Merry Outlaws of Sherwood ; introducing the Stud of highly-
trained Horses, Herd of real Deer, Stag Hounds, &c, Allan-
a-Dale, Miss Rebecca Isaacs ; Robin Hood, Mr. John Prit-
chard.
To be succeeded by Scenes in the Arena--Star Riders of
Europe.
Doors open at half-past 6, performance oommenoe at 7.
Box-office open daily from fill 4.
Stage Manager 11
Mr. W. WEST.
Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson.

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS,
EVERY EVENING,
A Grand Selection from the opera of
NORMA.

Norma .... • ........ ...... . Miss RUSSELL.
Adahrisa ...• ••• • • • .......... Madame MARIA,
(Her first Appearance in this country.)
After which the ETHIOPIANS, consistingof Seventeen Per-
formers. organised expressly for this establishment, for the
Performance of Vocal and Instrumental Music, Comic and
Sentimental, with Ne.;rro Delineations, Anecdotes, &c. Prin-
cipal Negro Artistes, Messrs. Joe Brown, G. W. Pell, H.
Drummond, and Musical Director, Mr. F. JONGHMANS.

Balcony, ]e, Hall. 6d.

THE WEATHER.—Sox OFFICE, Nov. 7, 1860.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.

46—this day at noon.
39—lowest this morning and during the night.
46—highest since noon yesterday.
BA.RomETER-30.52 ; the highest for months.
WlND—Northerly; light, with fine cold weather,

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, 712. 34m.—Afternoon, Bh. 14m
To-monßow.-Morning, Bh. 56m.—Afternoon, 9h. 34m,

,
T :4LA: .
. 1 1
,-7111..›,,! • 11

THE SUN.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 7, 1860,

NAPOLEON'S " Sayings" hardly less than his acts
are very memorable. A collection of some among
the most remarkable of those sayings were pub-
lished some years back, in a little volume that for
wit and wisdom, for shrewdness and humour might
vie even with the apothegms of BACON, the reflec-
tions of LA BRUYERE, or the aphorisms of ROCHE-
FOUCAULD. It wss said of NAPOLEON earlier than
the date of that collection, and said of him, too, by
no one less empowered by his own vocation so to
speak, than BERANGER, that he was the greatest
poet of the earth—la plus grande poete du monde.
Reading all that he said and wrote during his six
years of exile at St. Helena, we may certainly
pronounce him to have been not the least of the
political sages of Europe. It was during the
stormy period of his warlike career, however,
that those sayings of his, to which we have been
referring here more particularly of sayings half
caustic, half comic, almost always flavoured with
wit and sparkling with a vivacity essentially
French, were uttered. Who does not recollect his
recommendation always to have the dirty linen
washed at home ? Or his own self-derisive excla-
mation, addressed to the Abbe Du PRADT, during
the retreat, or rather the flight, from Moscow—
" There is but one step from the sublime to the
ridiculous." Occasionally, however, some of these
whimsical witticisms of NAPOLEON'S recoiled more
sharPlY and
directly upon himself than at the
moment of flinging them from him he could have
anticipated. They were intended by him, doubt-
less, at those moments to be no more than poignant
epigrams, feathered with wit and barbed with
sarcasm : but they turned out to be on the contrary
—rather, perhaps, it should be said more literally
01/ turned back upon ho •
n—as so many boomerangs.
About the most fantastically recoiling among all
these chance remarks
of NAPOLEON'S being, for
example, that one in 'which he insisted that so very
much really depended in the history of mankind
upon the science of NasologY—that a small nose
im plied weakness, and a large one
energy of cha-
racter, or, in fact, general capacity." Give me a
malt] with plenty of nose,"—said NAPOLEON. And
he certainly got one with just a little too much
at
IV:Lterloo
111 r. GLADSTONE has but very recently been re_
cal ling to the recollection of her MAJESTY'S lieges,
in the good old city of Chester, another of
these familiar and epigrammatic observations
of the great NAPOLEON—namely, that sufficiently
fat aous one, which was only too well remembered
on this side of the Channel in 1815—the one in
wb rich NAPOLEON dubbed us a nation of shop-
kei ;pers. That, also, return -d avengiugly upon
hit melt' towards the close of his wonderful career
of victory. The nation of shopkeepers proved one
too- many for him at last. As in the old sylvan
da3rs of ROBIN HOOD, when the weapons were the
boN P and arrow, our cloth-yard was driven home
again and again to the hearts of the power of the
Conqueror of Continental Europe—say, for in-
s tan yce, in the (Laaiuy struggle at la Haye Sainte, in

•
the mortal contest upon the height of Hougoumont.
The shopkeepers had been subsidising coalition
after coalition with millions of gold abstracted
from the till, and at length leaving their shops
for a while to take care of themselves, had come

out armed with their old song-famous " cloth

yards," and had beaten the Old Guard and the
renowned Marshals who were the Paladins of
the modern CHARLEMAGNE, and eventually the

Great NAPOLEON himself, in the pride and glory

of his great warlike genius. History has long
since told in characters that will not easily fade
how all this was done and finished forty-five years
ago by—the Nation of Shopkeepers.
It is literally the nation of shopkeepers that
—as Mr. GLADSTONE'S timely reminiscence of NA-
POLEON'S phrase happily reminds us—has for the
most part swelled to au army of 150,000 men, and
that within a few months the ranks of the now
widely scattered corps of the Rifle Volunteers ! It
is England's National-Guard which has thus risen
spontaneously—from the sowing of no dragon's
teeth of discord, like the soldiers of CADMUS—
which has risen spontaneously, we say, from the
midst of the masses of our peaceful civilians, from
the homes and the hearths of this nation of shop-

keepers.
In commenting upon this astonishing movemen
only last week down at Chester, Mr. GLADSTONE
gave utterance to several remarks that, coming
from any Minister of the Crown would at any
momentbe entitled to the popular consideration, but
that they demand this scrutiny from the public in a
very particular manner at this present juncture, and
as coming to us from the lips of no other than the
Chancellor of her MAJESTY'S Exchequer. Speaking
of the Volunteer Rifle Corps Movement—"l confess,"
said Mr. GLADSTONE last week to the patriot
bands of the Chester Riflemen—" I confess that I
think that those would take a very narrow view of
your institution who founded it upon any appre-
hension of immediate danger to the country. No
doubt there have been those who have felt alarmed,
and it is not for me to pronounce opinions
which could be of no authority upon the
subject, but I must confess that for my
part I don't believe that the shores of Eng-
land are at this particular period in danger."
The right honourable gentleman adding—" It
would be, I think, placing your claims on too low
a ground. It would be placing them upon a ground
which probably would only assign to you a tempo-
rary rather than a permanent existence, if we were
to suppose that it was actual apprehension only
that had induced you to make the great efforts and
the great sacrifices which you have made in a noble
cause. But undoubtedly," said Mr. GLADSTONE, " I
must admit that there has been in some countries
at least of Europe an idea propagated, and there
have been those who have thought it for their in-
terest to propagate the idea, that England, especi-
ally of late years, had been so devoted to the arts
of peace that she had entirely lost those energies
which made the forefathers of the present race of
Englishmen so distinguished in war. I do not
believe there is a man in this room who ever
imagined that that really was the case ; yet
still there were those who did propagate
such an idea." Precisely. Mr. GLADSTONE was
enunciating a simple fact, when he spoke thus, an
obvious truism, an unmitigated platitude, what
may be called just in three more plain words —a
selfevident proposition. And it was to do away
with this " idea" that our Volunteer Rifle Corps
have started into existence. That is Our " War
for an Idea"—the bloodless but perfectly effective
war waged now for some months past upon their
practise-targets by our Rifle Volunteers. The thun-
der of which harmless but significant fusillade has al-
ready served, we believe, to clear the political atmos-
phere not only here amongst ourselves in England,
but in our regard in a great measure also all over
the European Continent. A hundred and fifty
thousand men have all this while been doing that
duty which England is ever expecting, and never
in vain from the hands and hearts of her good citi-
zens. If requisite, a hundred and fifty thousand
more will follow in the path already traversed by
the footsteps of these orderly and disciplined Vo-
lunteers. The rest we may now therefore humbly
leave to GOD—in whose hands lie the issues of life
or death for nations as for men. At least England
is now not unprepared for any emergency that may
arise : and Christian philosophy teaches us through
the familiar aphorism that GOD helps those who
help themselves.

We have now before us all the communications
of importance from China which we are likely to
receive for some time, and can only meditate on
them at leisure till the next China mail arrives.
In addition to the more graphic narratives of cor-
respondents, we have the official =mints of the
English and French Commanders, each showing to
the other all that military courtesy could ask. But
we have also the documents—sush, at least, as Lord
JOHN RUSSELL thinks it not inconvenient to the
public service to give us—sent home by our Pleni-
potentiary; and they suggest some important con-
siderations.

Just as the allied forces were leaving Pehtang,
and while they were attacking Sinho and Tangku,
Lord ELGIN received from the Governor-General
of the province not less than three letters, written
on immediately successive days, and intended to
arrest his progress, by persuading him to enter on
negotiations. The extreme urgency of the Governor-
General was enough of itself to induce suspicion—
their contents still more so. Anxious as the
Chinese authorities were to treat, they did not in
any of the communications even advert to the ulti-

matum which had been forwarded them through
Mr. BRUCE in March last. In the first letter the Go-
vernor informs Lord ELGIN that the EMPEROR had
appointed a commissioner to meet our Plenipoten-
tiary in the capital, and that a they were at peace
no hostile operations should be attempted by us. The
second was of the same tenor, only turning to the
best account a white flag said to be flying in the
allied camp. The third announced that an Impe-
rial Commissioner would meet Lord ELGIN at
Tientsin, the same with whom he had negotiated
the treaty of 1858. After the capture of the forts a
communication from the Minister of War also ap-
prised Lord ELGIN that the guns and garrison of
Tien-tsin, as well as of Taku, had been withdrawn,
and it was therefore hoped that he would not comet°
the former—which, it should be remembered, is the
grand port of Pekin, and the largest Chinese port
north of Shanghae—with many vessels of war, lest
he should alarm the inhabitants.

Lord ELGIN of course saw the drift of all this,
and therefore merely informed the Governor, in
answer to the three letters at once, that the mili-
tary had already been called on to act, in conse-
quence of the unsatisfactory reply to the ultimatum
of March last—that they were engaged in taking
possession of the Taku forts—and opening him a
passage to Tientsin—that these objects must be
first attained, and sufficient assurances given
by. the Chinese Government before he could call
on the military to suspend their operations.
fter arriving at Tientsin, which was occupied
by our forces, Lord ELGIN appears to have been
satisfied with the evident desire of the Chinese to
trc At, and prepared to depart to Pekin not 'with 44

force, but merely with a large guard of honour.

We have the honour, therefore, of holding a pro-

vince of China, extending from the sea and the
Taku forts to Tien-tsin, about thirty miles in a
direct line ; while our Plenipotentiary was, when
the mails left, wending his way to Pekin, about
seventy miles higher up the Peiho, in a direct line.
The river, however, winds exceedingly, especially
between the port of Tientsin and the sea, and
makes the waterway very much longer.
On the prudence of Lord ELGIN'S last move, as
we more than doubted it at first, so we do still. We
must think, notwithstanding the remarks of our
able contemporary the Examiner, that the capture of
Pekin would have been, demoralized as the Chinese
solders were, a very easy fact; that its occupa-
tion need not have been protracted into
the severely cold weather, and that such a
stroke is necessary to ensure lasting peace.
It is but too true that the Chinese confide, and not
without reason, in their own diplomacy, as much
as they fear our arms. They now know that even
SAN-KO-LIN-SIN is no match for English Generals
and the Mandarins are doubtless quite convinced
that we can do anything that we please of a military
kind; what they rely on is, our good nature—our
easy faith. They trust to that to obtain from us
the means of further misrepresentations. The old
Tartar party at Pekin stand to their political posi-
tion, as well as 'the Tartars of the Northern Fort
did to their walls when we attempted to storm them.
The Chinese will be again told in the Pekin Gazette,
and in proclamations spread through the Empire,
that we dared not venture beyond Tientsin ; and
the military escort of the Plenipotentiary will be
made to contribute to the pompous tales of homage
done by an outside Barbarian, with his magnifi-
cent retinue, to the EMPEROR'S universal supre-
macy. The silly conceit would be, of course, matter
of perfect indifference to this country; but the
mischief is, that it lies at the bottom of all our
Chinese wars ; so costly as they are in life and in
treasure. We must, however, till we hear the whole
case, hope that Lord ELGIN will find means to
neutralise the evil of yielding to the Mandarins's°
far as he has done.
There is one point on which we hope the Allies
will be firm—that of insisting on a full indemnity
for the war. An easy mode has been pointed out
of taking security for the payment, that of requir-
ing the Government to pledge the customs dues of
Shanghae, and, we might add, of all the ports to
which Europeans trade, for it. Lord ELGIN, last
time, hinted that the Imperial Exchequer was too
poor to meet such a demand on it. But we are now
informed that the customs of Shanghae alone would
liquidate the debt in a very few years—four or
five at most. If this be correct we have the
means provided for us of stopping the required
penalty in transitu. Our income-tax payers will
be justly dissatisfied if this be overlooked. More-
over, we presume that want of money is as severe
an instructor on the duty of keeping the peace in
China as in Austria or Russia.

It is the fable still of the Satyr's bewilderment,
at the man's blowing hot and blowing cold with
the same breath—to warm his frozen fingers and to
cool his hot porridge ! The Warsaw Conference,
we are now told through the Austrian note—the
circular note addressed by Count RECHBEBG to all
the representatives of the Viennese Government at
the various Courts of Christendom—that formidable
meeting at Warsaw of the three Northern Sove-
reigns, we are now assured by the Austrian note,
means everything that is pacific! The Austrian
note declares that the Princes met thus
simply to draw closer the bonds of their per-
sonal friendship. The Austrian note adds yet
further that in that genial meeting—at which,
we may presume, the three Princes sent round
the loving-cup, filled to the brim with the
milk of human kindness—decided definitively, in
regard to the affairs Italy, upon a policy (fancy
this from Austria, Russia, and Prussia!) of non-
intervention. Meanwhile there is concentrated at
this time in Venetia and the Quadrilateral, it is ac-
tually estimated, an army of no less than 200,000
men! The soldiers (we are left to conclude of course)
of the Austrian principle of non-intervention ! And
at the same time the "Pacificator of Europe," the
" Regulator of the Revolution," or whatever else
his Imperial Majesty of France may please to call
himself through the speaking-trumpet of the
Constitutionnel—in the same way and at the same
time that Austria is doing all this in the
name of the policy and the principle of non-
intervention, NAPOLEON 111. has been pouring his
troops rapidly regiment by regiment into Rome
and the surrounding districts, also, we presume—
indeed we are solemnly assured as much, that it
really is so—in the furtherance of the policy and
principle of non-intervention ! All which is certainly
blowing hot and blowing cold in the same breath
with a vengeance. We can only wait patiently
now and see what will come of this elaborately
organised system of political hypocrisy and diplo;
matic contradictions.

THE HOMEWARD BOUND VESSELS.

NOTICE.

ADMIRALTY, Nov. 6, 1860.

Sir,—l am commanded by my Lords Commis-
sioners of the Admiralty, to acquaint you for the
information of the Committee for Managing
Affairs at Lloyds, that her Majesty's steam sloop
Spiteful has been ordered to proceed from Devon.
port to the Chops of the Channel, to relieve the
homeward bound trade. Also : that the squadron
about to sail from Plymouth, under the command
of Rear• Admiral Stopford, will render assistance
to the trade, if required.
(Signed) C. PAGET,
Capt. G. A. Halsted, RN., Sec., Lloyd's.

THE EXPLOSION ON BOARD THE STEAMER
TONNING.—An inquest was commenced yesterday at Yar-
mouth by the coroner, Mr. Chamberlin, respecting the
deaths of three of the persons killed by the explosion on
board the steamer Tonning. The inquiry was merely a
preliminary one, and no new facts in addition to those
already known were elicited. The inquiry was adjourned
for a week, and the jury proceeded to Lowestoft to inspect
the steamer. By the return made by Captain Rivers, the
commander of the Tonning, the number who perished by
the explosion is 12—Robert Spooner, fireman, of Lowes-
toft; John Langley. steward, of Kessingland ; and James
Cummings, seaman, were landed dead, and another
sufferer, a cattleman, has since died. The following are
missing—they disappeared at the moment of the explosion,
and are supposed to have been blown overboard :—Richard
Barr, fireman ; John Jenkerson, carpenter, of Lowestoft ;
John Fawcett, fireman ; the Tonning pilot ; William
A mis, of Lowestoft, deck-boy ; Alderman, a fireman ; John
F. Reay, jun., boy in engine-room ; and a sailor boy, pas-
senger, believed to belong to Liverpool. Those injured and
lying at the hospital are—James Worsp, first mate, dange-
rously hurt and recovery doubtful; John F. Reay, sen.,
first engineer, going on favourably ; Edward Peck, seaman,
of Lowestoft, recovering; John Hall Cook ; and Timothy
Baton, fireman. The names of those saved are—Captain
George Rivers, commander; George Wilkinson, second en-
gineer; Thomas Jago, boatswain; James Hardthorne,
Samuel Absolon, John Read, and Golder, seamen ; Wil-
liam Golder, boatswain's mate ; James Conner and John
Mullett, firemen ; and two (Danes) cattlemen. The Board
of Trade will inquire strictly into the circumstances at-
tending this explosion. The seven wounded men at the
Yarmouth Hospital are progressing favourably.
THE EARL CAWDOR.—We regret to state that
the Earl Cawdor lies dangerously ill, at his seat, Stackpole
Court, Pembrokeshire. Two medical gentlemen from town
are in attendance, and the whole of the noble peer's family
are around him, except Viscount Emlyn, and he is on his
way home, having been telegraphed for from Geneva. The
Countess of Ellesmere, Countess of Desart, Lady Dun-
combe, and the Hon. Captain Campbell have arrived at
Stackpole. The most serious results are anticipated.
APPOINTSMENTS.—The Lord Bishop of London
has conferred the honorarycanonry in St. Paul's Cathedral,
vacant by the death of the Rev. J. T. Round, 8.D., upon
the Rev. F. G. Blomfield, M.A., rector of St. Andrew
Undershaft (City) ; and the honorary canonry in the same
cathedral, vacant by the death of the Rev. T. B. Murray,
on the Rev. James Augustus Hessey, D.C,L., head master
of Merchant Taylors School,

L. TEST NEVV.,

(BETTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
VIENNA, Nov. 6.

Count Rechberg has addressed a circular note on
the Warsaw interview to the representatives of
Austria abroad.

This note states that the object of the interview
was to bind more closely the personal and friendly
relations of the three princes present, and to con-
cert the principles for the regulation of their con-
duct in view of certain eventualities.

Count Rechberg, without entering upon any de-
tails as to the nature of the arrangements concluded,
announces that a perfect understanding was esta-
blished.

He, however, makes it clearly understood that
non-intervention in the affairs of Italy was agreed
upon, and that, although anxious to support the
principles of order and European Equilibrium, the
three Northern Courts will do nothing which might

provoke a war.
M. Boyer, secretary to the Empress, has left for
Southampton, on his way to Madeira, to prepare
quarters for her Majesty.

AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, Nov. 7.

The steamer Etna, Captain Andereon, from New
York, passed Holyhead at eight o'clock this

morning.

Her advices are a day or two later than those

received per Africa.

THE FRENCH SQUADRON AT

GAETA.

The Toulonnais publishes the following details
respecting the attitude assumed by Admiral Barbier
de Tinan towards the Sardinian squadron at the
mouth of the Garigliano :
"The Descartes arrived yesterday at five p.m.
in our roads with very important despatches from
Gaeta.

" On the 27th of -October a Sardinian squadron
of six ships arrived to attempt a landing at the
mouth of the Garigliano, and was compelled to
withdraw before the energetic demonstrations of
Admiral de Tinan.

"On the 30th Vice-Admiral Persano made his
appearance himself with 10 ships, and refused• to
withdraw, in presence of the French squadron,
which made preparations to compel him to do so.

" The Sardinian Admiral declared to M. Barbier
de Titian that his instructions were to effect a land-
ing at the mouth of the Garigliano, and that he
was obliged to obey. If the French ships thought
fit to attack him he should not defend himself, but
he rendered the Admiral responsible for the conse-
quence of such armed intervention, which he thought
illegal, as he was outside Gaeta waters and line of
blockade of that place.

" In presence of this protest and passive attitude
Admiral de Tinan, fearing he might have outstepped
his instructions, sent the Descartes in all haste to
take the orders of the French Government.

"The two squadrons r9main opposite each other,
awaiting the reply."
A telegram, dated Gaeta, 3d November, says—
" In consequence of instructions received from
Paris, Admiral Barbier de Tinan has left the mouth
of the Garigliano, and has returned here singe the
Ist."

The Pays says—
" It will have been seen by the advices we pub-
lished yesterday that the Piedmontese fleet took
an active part in the attack on Gaeta. The Pied-
montese squadron afterwards withdrew to a cer-
tain distance from the perimetre of the fortress,
where it remains at anchor."

hetti, has played a considerable part in the affairs
of his country. He was the first who, after the
death of Gregory XVI., dared to draw up a
petition to the new Pope praying for re-
forms. Pius IX. nominated him a member of the
Finance Committee, and he was afterwards
Minister with M. Pasolini, who is now Governor
of Milan. It was owing to his firmness that Gen.
Durando was sent at the head of Roman volunteers
against Austria. On the coup-d'etat made by
Pius IX. on the 29th April, 1849, when he refused
to declare against Austria, M. Minghetti retired
with all his colleagues, and after the assassination
of Rossi he resigned his seat in the Roman Cham-
ber. He then joined Charles Albert, and the King
gave him a place in his Staff, which he retained
until after the disaster of Novara. Ho afterwards
made a journey in Africa to endeavour to discover
the source of the Nile, and on his return occupied
himself with the formation of societies of credit,
which have rendered great services to commerce
and manufactures. He was one of the most influen-
tial members of the last Parliament. Count Bor-
remeo, private secretary, and, so to speak, the right
hand of M. Farini, has been appointed by M.
Minghetti Secretary-General of the Ministry of
the Interior."

A Santa Maria letter, near Capua, states :

"Although no witness was present during the con-
versation between the two champions of the Italian
cause, I am able to assure you that Garibaldi spoke
his mind very plainly to the King. I learn from
a reliable source that the Dictator said that he
had been calumniated by Count Cavour's parti-
sans, and that the pretended influence of Mazzini
and the republicans over him was a falsehood

imagined for the purpose of injuring him with
the King and the public. ' How could I have
exiled Mazzini, an old friend, who requested
me to let him breathe his native air ?' asked the
General. ' Believe me, Sire, the men who sur-
round you are the most ardent friends of Italian
unity.' The King heard him attentively without
expressing any opinion, and on arriving at Partig-
nano, they separated."

A communication from Ancona says :
"To witness the revived activity of this port, I
the commercial preoccupations of the inhabitants,
and the tranquillity which prevails among all
classes, no one would imagine that the place only
a month ago stood a siege of ten days, and is now
on the eve of an impOrtant voting. Everything
has returned to its normal state, and the new autho-
rities work as well as if they had been tea years in
office. The people obey without constraint, and
are the more tranquil as they have less troops to
restrain them. In the Marches, a province contain-
ing a population of one million, there are only 36
gendarmes. The troops of the line consist of a
single regiment in garrison at Ancona, and which
is shortly to leave for Naples. This is all that re-
mains of the Rinelli brigade, all the others having
left. The police, and all the military' duties, both
in the towns and country parts, are left to the
National Guard, which performs its task in the
most satisfactory manner."
The same letter has the following :
" The abolition of a great majority of the con-
vents will exercise the same beneficial influence in
the Marches that it has done in Umbria. The
number of convents in the former province
amounts to more than 6010, and the monks and
nuns to 8,000. The regular and secular clergy
possess one-third of all the land. The proportion
is smaller in Umbria, where the clergy hold one-
half of the country, but the number is not the
less out of all proportion with the million of in-
habitants. It is to be remarked that the parts of
the country where the clergy have the least land
are the best cultivated, and it is to that inequality
in the distribution that the Marches owe the su-
periority of their agriculture over that of Umbria.
The revenues of the bishoprics are also very un-
equally divided. The Bishops of Fermo and of
Sinigaglia have each about 130,000 f. a-year, and
those of Osimo, Jesie, and Ricona average about
100,000 f. The smallest cures have 2,000 f. (which,
considering the low price of every article of con-
sumption, is equal to 4,000 f. in France), and the
largest 5,000 f. There is nothing astonishing that
the clergy should regret a country where they are
so well paid."