The Sun.
London, England, 1860-03-29 00:00:00

7E)LECTION INTEL SPAP
R
•
+01: • •
, _
„i.e._ 4 :-14"114,.....4111;; '
7 c:3l*'t:l4s---4''
e*\
sue
OIT-
..-
/ft
E17:11161' :(1,"V:.
,c 141411.6%, .t 49 . /It irt Z
j e
.27ifr B=2 '6 1)". o.l\ 7.-
. .... c'r

NORWICH.
The nomination of candidates
cancies existing in the represents
took place yesterday morning, at 9
dilates and their leading supporters aoamblflin,
the first instance in an upper room'at 'the
hall ; and the Liberals—Mr. Warner and - Sir M.
Russell—were formally introduced to, and. shook
hands with, their Conservative opponents, Mr.' For-
longe and Mr. Lewis, Q.C. The party assembled,
which was a pretty numerous one, then proceeded
into a lower apartment used as a court-house, and
the acting under-sheriff, Mr. G. Jay, who presided
in consequence of the absence, through indisposi-
tion, of Mr. Underwood, sheriff for the city and
county of Norwich, ordered the doors to be thrown
open for. the admission of the general public. A
scene of wild tumult immediately commenced, and
speeches from either side ivere rendered an utter
impossibility. The crowd rushed in and filled eiery
snook and cranny of the court-house, creating as
much uproar as possible. Three cheers for the
Liberal candidates were proposed and given with
enthusiasm, arid the Conservative section of the
mob retorted with a similar compliment in honour
of their favourites. This was continued again and
again, and cries of the most varied anil discordant
kind were set up. It should be stated, however,
that amidst, all the clamour and uproar conside-
rable good humour prevailed.
The UNDER-SHERIFF having in vain, appealed for
silence,
Sir
W. FOSTER proceeded in dumb show to nomi-
nate Mr. E. Warner, of Higham Hall., near Wood-
ford, Essex, as a fit and proper person to represent
the constituency.
Mr. S. S. BEARE seconded, and Mr. J. J. COL-
MAN supported, the nomination.
Mr. H. BIRKEECK nominated. Sir W. Russell, of
Charlton Park, Charlton Kings, Gloucestershire.
Mr. 0. SPRINGFIELD seconded, and Mr. E. Wm-
LETT supported, the nomination.
Sir S. BIGNOLD nominated Mr. W. D. Lewis, of
" Lincoln's-inn, in the county of Middlesex, one of
her Majesty's counsel learned in the law."
Mr. W. J. U. BROWNE seconded, and Mr. 14 S.
PATTESON supported, the nomination.
Mr. J. G. JOHNSON nominated Mr. W. Forlonge,
of Aynhoe Park, Northamptonshire.
Captain IVES seconded, and Mr. R. KERRISON
supported, the nomination.

PRICE 413. STAMPED, SD•

211. E

71ETY.

The weekly meeting of the executive committee
Was held on Tuesday, at the offices in Guildhall-
chambers, S. Harrison, Esq., in the chair ' • Mr.
Whitehurst, Mr. Nodes, Mr. Elt, Mr. Le Maitre,
Mr. Bontems, and other gentlemen were present.
Subscriptions were reported of Ll ls. Mr. W.
Edwards, .£1 Mr. C. H. Elsley ; 10s. Mr. Alderman
Bramwell (Durham), and 10s. Mr. John Henderson
(Durham).
A letter to electors of East Cornwall urging them
to fill the vacancy to arise in the retirement of Mr.
Robartes, M.P., with another supporter of the
ballot was agreed to.
A report of the division on Mr. Berkeley's motion
was laid before the committee, who unanimously
agreed to the following resolutions
1. On reviewing the division list, and list of pairs
on Mr. Berkeley's motion, this committee congra-
tulate the friends of the ballot on finding no ground
for our opponents' assertion that our cause had re-
ceived " a serious check," inasmuch as the lists show
two unimportant instances of desertion from the
side of our friends to that of our opponents, which
are balanced by an equal number of conversions of
opponents into supporters, while the absence of so
many of our supporters may be traced to the tactics
of the:anti-ballot party in preventing a debate and
forcing a premature division, and their strong
muster shows that they are aware they have to en-
counter
that
the
they
an f
feel
ti
theve ab andl
ofto rema
ni dnaobt lb
ee o
tr
rg ae
ant iesda ti n
with, a
innd.
difference or neglect.
2. The committee beg leave earnestly to impress
on the parliamentary friends of the ballot the evil
which arises from their absence from divisions
even when paired, mblic opinion on the division be-
ing formed on the numbers actually voting without
reference to pairs or to the number of friends ab-
sent unpaired, and that the absence of (75) mem-
bers from the late division tends to dispirit the pub-
lic, by leading them to believe either that there is
an actual diminution of the Parliamentary sup-
porters of the ballot, or that those supporters are
not sincere and earnest in their advocacy of the
measure.

No addresses were attempted by the candidates,
and the nominations were made amidst so much
noise that the proceedings were utterly -unintelli-
gible and inaudible to persons standing more than
a yard from the speakers.
The Under-Sheriff, after several vain attempts to
obtain something like silence, contrived to take a
show of hands, and amidst loud cheers from the
Liberals declared that the result was in favour of
Sir William Russell and Mr. Warner.

3. O❑ reviewing the statements of the Australian
press and the numerous communications from Aus-
tralia received by this committee and other persons,
all testifying to the success of the ballot in our
Australian colonies, this committee beg leave to
express their conviction that the assertions (unsup-
ported by any facts) of Mr. Chichester Fortescue,
M.P., " that the Kitts of the case are against the
success of the ballot, even in Australia, and that at
the last general election in Victoria the scenes that
disgraced this country were reproduced in Australia,
where corruption, intimidation, and bribery were as
rife as they ever have been in the old country," are
wholly unwarranted ; and the committee beg leave
to caution their friends against being misled by an
attempt to &fend a change of vote on the ballot by
an unsupported reference to alleged official autho-
rity. . _ _

A poll was demanded for Mr. Lewis and Mr.
Forlonge, and will be taken this day (Thurs-
day
the proceedings then terminated, the hall being
cleared as quickly us it had been filled.

4. The committee pledge themselves to unabated
exertions to promote the cause of the ballot, of the
success of which they' entertain no doubt, and they
will render to Mr, M.Evoy, M.P., every support in
their power in aid of his resolution for the ballot,
in connexion with the Irish Reform Bill, and to any
well considered motion for the ballot which may be
made in committee in the English or Scotch bills.

An address to the people of Ireland, urging them
to petition in favour of Mr. ArEvoy's motion, was
also agreed to.

INSTEIUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.

At the meeting of the Institution. of Civil Engi-
neers, on Tuesday, March 27—George P. Bidder,
Esq., President, in the chair—the paper read was
"On Combined Steam," by the Hon. John
Wethered, U.S.

It was stated that, at the present day, the great
desideratum in marine engines appeared to be to
obtain increased power, or economy in the consump-
tion of fuel, without the cammercial disadvantage
of occupying more space, by the enlargement of the
boilers and machinery. This object, it was believed,
had been attained by the application of ordinary
and superheated steam mixed. The mode adopted

in carrying out this system was to attach another
steam pipe to the boiler, for conveying the
steam to be superheated to pipes, or other contriv-
anc.es, placed. in any convenient form near the fire,
or in the uptake, or chimney of the boiler, or in a
separate furnace ; the superheated steam being
added to the ordinary steam at, or before its en-
trance into, the cylinder. In its passage through
the superheating apparatfus, that portion of the
steam was raised, by the waste heat, to a tempe-
rature of 500 deg. or 600 deg. Fahrenheit. The
heat, thus arrested, was conveyed to, and utilised
in the cylinder, by its action on the other
portion of steam from the boiler, which was
more or less saturated, according to circum-
stances. The combined steam was used in the
cylinder at from 300 deg. to 450 deg. Fahrenheit,
instead of at the low temperature at which steam
was generally employed. The effect of using the
two kinds of steam was, that the superheated steam
yielded a portion of its excess of temperature to the
ordinary steam, converting the vesicular water,
which it always contained, into steam, and expand-
ing it several hundredfold ; whilst, at the same time,
the ordinary steam yielded a portion of its excess of
moisture, converting the steam gas into a highly
rarified elastic vapour—in other words, into pure
steam at a high temperature.
It was asserted that repeated endeavours had been
made in England, France, mid America, to employ
steam simply dried, or superheated, and as often
abandoned. This plan certainly resulted in partial
economy; but owing to the high degree of tem-
perature necessary in this case, the lubricating
materials were dried up, and then the packing
isp and rubbing parts of the machinery were de-
stroyed. Moreover, when all the steam was super-
heated, the temperature of the steam in the cylin-
der was beyond the control of the engineer, It
was this difficulty which had led to the discovery
of the system of employing mixed steam, which
was entirely under control ; for by merely turning
a valve, it could. be so regulated as to produce the
highest mechanical effect with the most perfect
lubrication to the slides and cylinders. Another
advantage was, that if any accident should happen
to the superheating apparatus, the cylinders could
still be supplied with plain steam alone.
A series of trials on board the It.M.S.S. Avon
had shown that the pressure in the boiler being in
all cases. the same with plain steam the result
was 1,070 LII.P. ; with the steam from three boilers
superheated and from the fourth plain, it was 1,076
I.H.P. ; while with the steam mixed in the pro-
portions of 61 superheated and 69 plain, 1,200
I.H.P. was produced. The Lords of the Admiralty
were stated to be so well satisfied with the results
of experiments continued over 20 voyages, that
they had determined to extend the application of
the system in the Royal Navy, and H.M.S.S.
Ithadamanthus had been ordered to be fitted with it.
Mr. A. C. Hobbs (As. Inst. C.E.), had applied it to a
high pressure boiler and engine, and Mr. Dorman had
adapted it to an engine which did not produce the
required power. The combined. steam was also used
in all the steamers of the Collins line. Experiments
on board the Gibraltar showed, that super-heated
steam, at a pressure on the boiler of 101bs., produced
222 I.H.P. ; ordinary steam, at 14Ibs. pressure, 307
1.H.P.; while combined steam, at 15ibs. pressure,
gave 376 I.H.P.
When steam was merely superheated or dried, it
was converted into steam gas. It consequently
partook of the nature of gas, was a bad conductor of
heat, and gave out with difficulty the heat necessary
to transform it into mechanical power. On the
other hand, mixed Steam participated in the quali-
ties of steam proper and of superheated steam, and
being a pure, highly-rarified vapour, which readily
partediwith its heat, thus produced greater mecha-
nical effect.
By the application of combined steam, the follow-
ing advantages, among others, were said to be
obtained :-1. An economy of fuel of from 30 to
50 per cent. 2. A diminution of one-third. in the
feed water. 3. The employment of smaller boilers
to produce the same power. 4. Facility of main-
taining any desired pressure, or of increasing it at
will in cases of emergency. 5. A steamer would
make a voyage one-third further with the same
weight of coals, or one-third the space now occu-
pied by the fuel might be used for freight. 6. Les,
risk of xi-)10,1:_io. 7. Boilers would last one-third
longer. 8. A better vacuum was obtiiine.d. And
9. One-third less injection water was requlred.
_

DR, MUSPRA.TT'S DICTIONARY 01, CHEMISTRY.-ThiS
great work is brought very nearly to a close. Seven years of
intense labour and research have been devoted to it, and, we
are sorry to learn, with no remuneration to the author, but a
fortune to the publisher. Surely Mr, Mackenzie will make
Dr. Muspratt a handsome gift next month, when the last
number is issued ; if not we feel sure that the thousands of
subscribers will do sonethin" to testify their acknowledo..
ments for the benefits irt has conferred upon them. The Li-
verpool Albion, in noticing. No. 53 of this excellent wozk,
says—" This part commences with quinine, and finishes with
assays of the alloys and ores of silver. The work exhibits the
greatest research and chemical knowledge, and when con-
eluded will be i 149tipg ionummt „
`v Ito
Mold, mithig,"—lituing