The Sun.
London, England, 1869-11-25 00:00:00

charged with having fraudulently appropriated to I
his own use £75, intrusted to him by Private
Francis Rowsell, who was serving under
him on board the Octavia, 35, in July last,
to be placed in a Post Office Savings-bank
till the ship was paid off. At the sittings last week
a number of witnesses were examined for the pro-
secution. Yesterday Mr. M'Kellar, by permission
of the Court, and at the request of the prisoner,
read his defence, of which the following is a sum-
mary :—After alluding to the presence of his wit-
nesses for character, the prisoner admitted that good
conduct and some slight distinction (considering
the years he had served) would not be a complete
answer to such a charge as this, unless he could
also show that the charge itself had no foundation,
and that the facts failed altogether to prove that he
was a swindler and a thief, as imputed by that
charge. After a reference to the prosecutor's sum-
ming up, it was pointed out that the charge was in
law one of felony, punishable with penal servitude
or hard labour. The Court was called upon to ex-
press an opinion upon that charge alone ; and
although the prisoner admitted that he might have
been guilty of some unfortunate negligence, it
was for them to acquit if they thought that negli-
gence was not committed with a criminal and felon-
ous intention. After a careful sifting of the evi-
dence given for the prosecution, the prisoner stated
the result of the evidence to be that at the end of

July be had in his care £75, given him by Rowsell,
when his ship, the Octavia, was paid off at Ports-
mouth, with no definite instructions what to do with
it, and there had been no arrangement as to the
place, or the day, or the manner of his receiving
that money again. Although he admitted that he
had paid this money for a debt of his own, he asked
the court to hold that his doing so was no felony,
because at the time he entertained a confidence,
which was justified by the resnit that his relations
would, if he should require it, let him have the money
to hand over to Rowsell. Ile also admitted negli-
gence and even folly in not answering letters which
were written to him when he was on leave by Row-
sell and by the captain of his company. But as
soon as he understood that Rowsell had any fear
as to his prospect of again receiving the money,
and had complained to the authorities, he surren-
dered himself to arrest at headquarters and paid the
£75, with interest, to Rowsell's account at the Ply-
mouth branch of the Bank of England. In conse-

quence of this negligence in letter-writing, which
he admitted, he had already suffered five weeks'
arrest, of which a fortnight had been passed by
him in close arrest ; he had suffered humiliation in
his corps, and had been unable to be with his wife
and young child, although the state of the health
of both of them had been extremely delicate ; and,
moreover, the newspapers, although they had pub-
lished this charge against hitn,in all its criminality,
had, in deference to the usual prohibition by the
court, refrained from giving the evidence, which
could not fail to have shown the utter frivolity
of the accusation against him. Upon the con-
clusion of the defence, Mr. Bullen, Paymaster,
R.N., and Major Blakeney, of the Bombay Staff
Corps, formerly in command of the Army Works
Corps, which was part of the Abyssinian Expedi-
tionary Field Force, were called as witnesses. They
spoke most hig'ily of the upright, honourable, and
gentlemanly conduct of Mr. Rule during the time
he was on board the Octavia, and also during the
time he took an active and energetic part in the pro-
ceedings of the kbyssinian Expedition, of which he
was the last officer to leave the country. Ile was
slightly wounded in a night attack by the Sholas
and was honourably mentioned twice for meri-
torious services in the London Gazette of the 30th
of June, 1868. A certificate from Lord Napier
of Magdala was also put in evidence and read to
the Court. It was in these words :—" Lieutenant
George F. H. Rule, of the Royal Marines,
was recommended to me by Commodore Sir Leo-
pold Heath for employment on shore at Zula dur-
ing the Abyssinian Expedition, at a time when the
services of officers ;were much required, and none
were available with suitable qualifications from the
land services. I havg no official records at hand,
but I am able to state that the general
_report
which reached me of Lieutenant Rule's services
and conduct during several months of very ar-
duous and trying duty and exposure to climate
was so favourable that on his return to Bombay in
the Octavia I recommended him to the Govern-
ment of India for admission to the Staff Corps ;
and I have no doubt he would have been ad-
- mitted had it not been resolved by the Go-
. vernment of India that regulations for admis-
sion ,to the Staff Corps were not applicable
to the Royal Marines. I shall be very glad to bear
that a young officer who appeared so useful and in-
telligent may be found to be not guilty of the offence
laid to his charge, or that there may at least be such
extenuating circumstances as may mitigate the
severity of any sentence in his case."
A number of certificates were also read from
officers who testified to the excellent conduct of
Lieut. Rule. Among the officers were—Admiral
C. F. Hillyar, Commodore Sir L. G. Heath, Admi-
ral Campbell, and Captains E. Hall and J. H. J.
Alexander, R.N. The prosecutor claimed the right
to reply to some of the evidence adduced for the
defence, but the Court only allowed him to cross-
examine. Some questions were put to Mr. Bullen.
The Deputy Judge-Advocate asked for the Court
•to be adjourned till to-day, which was granted.

A Royal proclamation " by the Queen" has just
been issued, further proroguing Parliament until the 10th
day of January, 1870. The proclamation does not contain
the words "then to meet for the despatch of business."
The polling for the county of Tipperary is taking
place this day. At 11 a.m. the poll stood as follows :
Heron, 44; O'Donovan RoEsa: 10; Collett, 7.
We regret to announce the death of fir. Justice
Hayes, died !At 19 9'694 150 uight,

As we last week observed, the English and the
Scotch in a lesser degree have emigrated, but from
the rural districts to the towns. This tendency,
like establishing the potato as the food of the Irish,
was sure eventually to lead to starvation and distress;
the only cure for which is the same remedy forced
on the Irish—an exodus. Many dispute this, but
we do not profess to discuss the question ; for it is
sufficiently apparent to answer our purpose that
the distress in the large towns is great and growing,
without even the prospect of relief after undergoing
a period of suffering. We simply revert to the old
principle upon which MAROMET acted when on
finding that the mountain would not come to him, he
went to the mountain. If the work and bread will
not come to the citizsns of the great towns in Eng-
land, they must go to the bread and work, and the
eagerness with which they ask, Where ? shows how
fully alive they are to the fact. This " Where ?"
is to them the real question, for such discussions, as
whether emigration is the true remedy for starva-
tion is outside the range of a hungry fttnily's in-
quiries. The general testimony of Europe in reply
points to the United States, and the belief is deep
in the mind of the British labourer, notwithstanding
all that can be said in favour of the British colonies,
that no other country offers him so many advan-
tages. But he only knows this vaguely, the im-
pression being imparted by the great drift of Euro-
pean emigration into the Republic. He is aware
that he can be carried swiftly and cheaply across
the Atlantic in a big steamer, that he will be landed
in a large city, and then that before him, away into
interminable wilds, spreads out a great continent.
The real information to convey to him is the map-
ping and description of the different districts of
that continent on which he is invited to settle.
He may be informed in a few simple words that
North America, stretching as it does from the torrid
to the frigid zone, presents a vast space of unoccu-
pied land, of all ranges of climate and degrees of
fertility ; that the United States, extending, say
roughly, between the 30th and 48th parallels of
latitude, must offer the climates best suited on that
Continent to the English emigrant ; but having
narrowed down his choice to the United States, the
question has further to be narrowed to the particu-
lar State, and then again to the particular county
of that State. To help the emigrant in this choice
has been a marked feature of this newspaper, and
we welcome an ally in the " American Emigrant
Aid Society," just established in Loudon with the
object of furnishing full information in a condensed
and attractive form on this most important subject.
The agents of the society are the well-known com-
mission and shipping house of Messrs. H. Smut and
Co , 22, Moorgate-street, London. The society
proposes to publish a series of illustrated handbooks,
each giving the description of a State of the Union.
The first begins with California, and contains all
the latest information. The Yo-Semite Valley,
among other scenes, is beautifully illustrated by
two coloured engravings, the one representing the
Valley and its Domes, the other that wonderful
series of Falls which combine to make the spot a
natural curiosity. We will hereafter more fully
discuss this handbook, but at present we desire to
sketch the scheme proposed. Purchasers of the
handbook appear by it to purchase at the same time
the chance of a free passage to America, the profits
being expended on those who draw the fortunate
tickets. The handbook, for which is paid 2s. 6d.,
includes the chance of a steerage passage by steamer
to New York; at ss. it includes the chance of a
cabin passage; at 4s. steerage to New York and an
emigrant railway ticket to Omaha, or to St. Paul,
or to Kansas City, the three great central points
of immigration ; and at 10s., a first-class passage
by rail and steamer to any one of these places. Six
shillings may secure a steerage passage to San
Francisco, and 12s. 6d. a first-class passage. The
principle is much the same as that upon which
many Governments base loans ; in the first in-
stance value for the money, and drawings for being
paid off at par. The main object is to disseminate in-
formation, though no doubt the agents will benefit
by increasing the business in which they are now
engaged. The scheme, although novel here, is
said to have answered well in America, having been
the means of spreading information among those
who, but for the lottery inducement, would have
elected to remain in profound ignorance. We ap-
prove and advocate any honest means of widely cir-
culating amongst the labouring classes of Gre
Britain, a better knowledge of North America as a
field for emigration, whether it be of the Dominion
or 'of the Republic. Those who really desire to
benefit the people would direct them to the best
sites without reference to their own political likes
and dislikes, while it stands to reason that the better
tracts of land open in the United States, between
the Atlantic and Pacific, must fill up ere the stream
can overflow in real magnitude into the British pos-
sessions. The time must come when Canada will
be settled northwards into icy regions hitherto un-
known, and the inhabitants will, in generations,
learn to love and prefer their land, but no English-
man would now choose such a spot in preference to
the sunny climate of California. A strong tide of
English emigration following continuously into the
United States would, as we have incessantlypointedout
quickly change the relations restoring complete har-
mony between the two great nations. limy be true
that the rearing and training of a skilled workman
costs a country a considerable sum, hence that that
country ought not to aid in the expatriation of
such a citizen. Yet there is something applicable
to this in the definition ascribed to Lord PALMER-
STON of dirt—a good thing in the wrong place. The
citizen who cannot find work or means of living,
who with his family hangs as a burden on society
and has little prospect beyond the workhouse, is as
much the good thing in the wrong place as pitch on
a gloved hand, and we assert that it is everybody's
interest to put that man and his family into the
right place. It is not merely his interest, but that
of the community he burdens, and to whose security
he remains a menace and a danger. Therefore it is the
country's interest if it does not want, and cannot
employ the citizen it has reared, to get rid of him,
just as much as it is that of the owner of a horse,
which; though on starvation allowance, is still " eat-
ing its head off," no matter how much the animal
might have cost him. It is also the interest of the
country which possesses the right place whereon to
locate this family, as ou such a spot they are a fertiliser,
a civilizer, a strengthener, and perhaps we may use
a homely illustration to convey our meaning. The
transfer is not unlike that of the farmer who has
valuable manure heaped at his door. As long as it
remains there it is offensive and unhealthy, but the
moment it is spread, where it ought to be, on
his fields, the earth rejoices in its revivifying
powers, and responds with bounteous harvests.
But great as is the benefit of such a transfer to
mankind at large, it does not represent the whole
good to the Anglo-Saxon race. The new and grow-
ing States will become more English in feeling, will
return representatives in sympathy with the old
country, and we will cease to hear fulminations and
tirades against Great Britain arising either from ignor-
ance or out of untruth. If•the British acted in their
exodus with the generosity and faithfulness to their
home traditions of the Irish, vast sums would find
their way back from those established to aid in the
settlement of other members of the family. It was
this which gave that wonderful power of emigration
to the poor Irish, the secret history of which is not
yet fully known. With this emigration will spread
that knowledge of the Republic in England, which
will do more to create the Anglo-American spirit of
harmony than all treaties, and any amount of
speeches and sentimental after-dinner toasts.
Whatever helps towards this great object has our
hearty support, and for this reason we desire the
success of the " American Emigrant Aid Society."
--A /iglu-American Times.

On Wednesday the Manchester market was quiet,
but there is still a sufficient under-current of business
going on to sustain prices. Producers are now well under
order to the end of the year, and are indifferent about in-
creasing their engagements. Buyers are willing to give
out orders at last week's prices for early delivery, but upon
those terms business is becoming impracticable, and, con-
sequently, few new transactions have occurred. Prices are
stOadY7 but N ACIYON9 log ha otaDliteinci,