The Sun.
London, England, 1869-04-09 00:00:00

THE UNITED STATER.

It is expected that the great railroad across the North
American continent will be opened throughout during the
summer. The work is carried on eastward and westward
with great rapidity, the Central Pacific line from the
west meeting the Union Pacific from the east. On
the Ist of January the Union Pacific Railway had
constructed its line westward from Omaha, Nebraska,
055 miles ; and the Central Pacific Railway had
built its line eastward 445 miles from Sacramento, Cali-
fornia. This left between the termini of the lines a gap
of 319 miles yet to be built. On the 24th of March, how-
ever, the Union Pacific Railway had extended its road
35 miles further westward, and the Central Pacific Rail-
way was built 152 miles further eastward. This leaves
only 82 miles to complete the most stupendous railway

THE "MORNING POST" ON ME TENVRE-OF

OFFICE ACT.

(From the Anglo-American Times)
This is the article alluded to in our leader, which,
as a sample of English knowledge of Amerian sub'
jects, is worth preserving :—" President Grant hag
sustained his first defeat at the hands of the House
of Representatives. It will no doubt be in the re;
collection of all that during the Presidentship °I
Andrew Johnson Congress thought proper to paste
a measure very seriously curtailing the authority 01
the Chief Magistrate in dealing with such of his
Ministers as lost his confidence, and that, notwith'
standing the President's veto, the measure became
„
law. According to the Constitution the Presi !est
may appoint the 'd inisters of State, but the appoint'
merits must be ratified by the Senate in order t°
acquire validity. The powsr of dismissing the°,
was, however, until the passing of the Tenure ei
Office Act, reserved absolutely to the President:
but when that measure was adopted this power svas
practically transferred to the Senate. It will also
he remembered that it was Mr. Johnson's con ttor
talons disregard for this statute, in dismissing -.Mr'
Stanton from the orrice of Secretary of 'War, whirl!
filled the vial of wrath against him and led to to'
impeachment. It is, however, one of the peen
liarities of the American Constitution that a I_i"''
though passed with all due formality by the Pre"
sident and both Houses of Congress, is not neces'
sarily binding, and it is open to any citizen t°
call it in question as inconsistent with the Coo'
stitution, and refer the point thus raised for the
consideration of the Supreme Court, which tri'
bunal, if it deems the objection valid, thereupon
quashes the law. It was consequently urged vith
much force, on Mr. Johnson's impeachment, that
the President was as well entitled as any other
citizen to violate the law for the purpose of aseer'
taining, by appeal to the Supreme Court, whether
it was consistent with the Constitution or not'
and that the article of the Impeachment, based 00
his dismission of the Secretary of War, could not,
in consequence, be sustained. The President wag
acquitted by a single vote, Mr. Secretary Stanton
retired, and the legality of his dismission by the
President was never referred to the Supreil
Court. At the time when the Act in question viae
passed no one entertained a doubt that it was pro'
yoked by the obnoxious character of the President, •
and that the large Republican majority assented t°
it, partly to restrain the action of• a Chief in whom
they had lost confidence, and partly in order t°_,
wound his pride. These facts not unnaturally le°,
to the conclusionthat the measure was only intende
to be temporary, and would be rescinded as soon o'
a President was chosen who commanded the con'
fidence of the dominant faction. The Republica!!
party selected General Grant as their candidate a'
the Presidential election, and he was triumphant
returned. A variety of circumstances tended t°
make him extremely popular, and probably no may
has entered the White House for the past half cell"
tury with the approbation of so large a section 0.
his fellow.citizens as General Grant. By those
who gave it a thought the Tenure-of-Office Act:
which deprived the President of all control ore'
his own Ministers, must have been considered 0°
the 4th of March as being as good as repealed
General Grant, as a military man, and one acing"
tomed to enforce obedience from his subordinates'
naturally regarded this singular statute with pea'
liar aversion. Immediately after entering on office
he made no secret of his feelings on the sub'
ject ; he declared that the occasion which had
called for it had passed away, and intimated a svis`ul)
that one of the first legislative acts of Congres7,
should be to repeal it. he Senate manifests"
their concurrence in these sentiments by introduc"
ing a measure which, though not absolutely re;
'
scinding the obnoxious statute, deprived it of it
sting—without, however, giving to the President
all the powers which his predecessors had enjoyeu.
It provided that the President, though still de;
barred from absolutely removing his officers, shout
be enabled, without assigning reasons, to suspe°,
them and appoint successors, such appointmen"
being, of course, subject to the approval of rhei
Senate. It was also provided that the rejection 0
the newly-appointed individuals should have the
effect of reinstating those who had been suspended
It must be admitted that this measure was COtn,sl
paratively mild, and fell far short of what Genet."'
Grant would have desired. It is not improbable!
however, that the Senate had reason to believe tba'
an act of repeal would not have been assented 1
in the Lower House, and they were desirous
making it sufficiently palatable to secure the ac;
ceptance of the latter. But be this as it may, 'tab/
bill passed the Senate on 'Wednesday last by ao
against 16 votes, and was then sent down to th
House of Representatives. There, however, it W 3, ";
less fortunate. We are unacquainted with svbsf;
passed in the course of the debate to which it gra''o
rise, the grounds on which it was opposed or 01,
political bias of the members who opposed it, 10.
the result was that on Saturday the bill ,
thrown out in the House of Representatives bit
99 against 70 votes. It is not easy at preset?,
to say what may be the precise significance of OP,
vote. It was natural that Democrats who oppose'
the Tenure-of-Oflice act in the first instance, be,
cause it was intended as a slight upon 11r,'
sident Johnsonoppose , should now its repeal P.,
the interests of President Grant. But why a nutl'
her of Republicans, sufficiently large to secure
majority, should have joined them in order to thro'
out the measure is not sufficiently clear. To the
chiefs of the Republican party General Grant 11;1;
questionably gave great umbrage by the singular?
s•
independent manner in which he formed his C3131'
net. Instead of summoning to his councils those
who had chiefly aided him in attaining his preseo
t
position, and who, by their political antecedent"'
might not unreasonably have expected to 01°
been sent for, he selected for his advisers wed
who, for the most part, were unknown in the
Parliamentary world. So great an innovation lo°'l,,
not only have startled, but nettled, those who we r,l"-
prepared to give him the warmest support, a°.,,"6
to place in him the most implicit confidence. kt
is therefore far from improbable that when It
was proposed to relieve him of the restrictions iU
posed on the late President in dealing with
Ministers-of State and other officers, they glasW,
availed themselves of the opportunity of showillo
their own strength and demonstrating his own (lc:
pendence on them. However this may be, it is
little unfortunate that at the very outset of Genera
a
Grant's Presidential career an event should 110:
happened which will be universally regarded as:
collision between the President and his Congress'
Whether the Tenure-of-Office Act be a good °
bad statute, and we consider that it is the latter,
:i
bill ought not to have been introduced for its repeal
unless its acceptance by both Houses was almost '
,
matter of certainty. It is not pleasant for a sveh:,
meaning President to be told a fortnight after be
has entered office that Congress has so little cong;
dence in him that it will not grant him the powers
enjoyed by all his predecessors with the exceptio°
of one, whom it was deemed expedient to impeaelo'
Yet such in effect is the substantial meaning of th
vote passed on Saturday in the House of RePre'
sentatives."

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whose bas been perfectly restored by it after thirty years iii
ti\tinidsui,c"cessful medical treatment. We quo from the " Gazet ./
July 250 a :—" Rome, .luly 21,1336. - The width of the 1.0.„,/,
Father is e7canent, es recially since, abandoning all other reo7,
dies, he has conline:l himself entirely to Da B'rry's Revaleno,
Ara'aica, Food, of which he consumes a plate: al at every Illetia
It has produced a surpr:singlybeneilcial e.Tect o his health,
his Holiness cannot prai:e tYs excellent food OD highly." ',,r
extract a few oat oThore .tan 63,000 cares:—Cane No. 55,216,,"4
the March'oness de Brehan, of seven yeai.'s' liver ceniplr!,3_7,,
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portant Caution—Beware of the many unsavoury and more ti.a.,o
sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Lieblg
name is most audaciously attached.
11A
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at 55s.—being about one penny per cup. The 30s. and
.555. till
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don; and all Grocurs and Chemists.

Births.
BEST—On the 7th inst., the wife of F. A. Best, Esq.,
Wattoe, Norfolk, of a son.
of
STRAUBENZEE—On the 7th inst., at Dover, the wifo
Lieut.-Colonel Fredk. Van Straubenzee, of a son.

Marriages.
DOLPHIN— DOLPHIN—On tho 7th inst., at Putnoy, JA°
Dolphin, Esq., eldest son of Captain Dolphin, late
Brigade, to Jano Georgians, third daughter of
General Ommanney, It.E.
_„O4
ifuNTER—WEST—On the 3d inst., at Upper Norre--ti;
Patrick Hunter, Esq., of Roden, Shropshire, to Elizttb6of
Ann, youngest daughter of the late John West,Little Bowden, Northamptonshire.

Deaths.
COLE-On the 6th inst., at 142, Mile-end-road, ro-
-1,04
Cole, Esq., aged 80.
COLE—On the 6th inst., at 29, Sydney-street, BronlPfat
Captain Robert Martin Cole, RN., aged 81.
lIEYLIN—On the 6th inst., at Alexandria-road, NorWo°4'
Alex. Heylin, Esq., aged 41.

London : Printed and P thliehod by WILLILIII A1,11)110;6;
of No. 112, Strand, Printor, at TRH SUN Odin, N° lof
Strand, in the Precinct of the Se voy :n the itPtilt'
Blithilesin,—Friday, April 9, 1869.