The Sun.
London, England, 1860-04-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENN-d, APRIL 30, IY6O.

parish authorities were obliged to take proceedings
against him, and his factory was closed. I in-
spected it at that time for the parish, for these was
thcn no local Board of Health, and my conclusions
were that his process was a signal failure, and was
wholly inoperative as a sanatory scheme. I will
not venture to pursue its history further, except to
say, that for more than a dozen year- it has been a
profitless and useless speculation. Nay more :—the
salts of iron, in one form or another, have been be-
fore the public as possible deodorisers for nearly 100
years, and yet, as far as I know, with singular want
of success. In 1762, the salts of lead and iron were
recommended as antiseptics by De Boissieu, and
from that time to this they have been the subjects
of numerous patents ; the last of them all was the
patent of Brown, and its modification by Ellerman,
in 1817 ; but where, I would ask, with all this his-
torical prestige, is there the slightest proof of its
practical utility, or even of his theoretical capa-
bilities ? This is by no means an unimportant
question, when we consider that the adoption of
this scheme is not only for the sake of the public
health, but also at the cost of a large sum of public
money.
I refrain from entering more deeply into the sub-
ject, for the reference to me merely requires that I
should express my opinion of the proposed scheme.
It is, therefore, sufficient for me to say that, as far
as my knowledge and experience and experiments
have gone, I am led to the conclusion that the use
of perchloride of iron as a disinfectant of sew-
age, and a purifier of the Thames, will be a serious
failure, unless indeed means are taken for the sepal'',
ration of the solid matter from the sewage, and the
disposal of the clear liquid alone.
You will perceive by the tables in the appendix
what kind of matter there is in the sewage, and
how much of it is to be dealt with: and I may here
remark that under ordinary circumstances, when
the down-flow of fresh water in the river is suffi
cient to dilute the sewage, and to keep back the
oceanic wave from the sea, little or no inconvenience
is occasioned by it ; for so rapid is the oxydising
power of atmospheric air and water, that the de-
composing products are quickly hurried through
their phases of putrefaction; but in summer time,
when evaporation is great and there is a scarcity of
fresh water, when the sewage becomes more abun-
dant, and the sea water advances to meet it, then it
is that putrefactive decomposition sets in and the
river becomes offensive. At the present time the
total quantity of solid matter in the Thames at
London-bridge is not more than 25 grains in the
gallon, and of this only about three grains are or-
ganic. These are the proportions of its constituents
throughout the whole of the winter season, and up
to nearly the end of May ; but at that time the fall-
ing off in the supply of fresh water begins to be
felt, and soon the proportion of saline matter
amounts to upwards of a hundred grains in the
gallon, and the quantity of organic to about ten.
At this stage of saturation, with a high tempera-
ture, putridity begins ; and as the summer ad-
vances, and the proportions increase to upwards of
300 of salt and nearly 20 of organic matter, the de-
composition is most active. To guard, therefore,
against these changes, it is not enough to check the
putrefaction of the sewage with a few grains of per-
chloride of iron, but provision must be made for the
hindrance of that decomposition which will as-
suredly occur with the organic matter that is
already pickled as it were in the sea water, and
which soon becomes tainted by the decomposing
sewage. This it was which added to the putridity
of the river during the last summer, and which
maintained it in its offensive condition, notwith-
standing the use of nearly 500 tons of chloride of
lime, and upwards of 4,000 tons of the caustic al-
kali. The mistake then was, as I fear it hereafter
will be, that the suspended matters of the sewage
were not retained, but that the precipitate formed
with the disinfectant was allowed to flow on into
the river, and so to become a dangerous nuisance ;
and let me add, that whatever opinion may be
formed of the necessity for adopting some tempo-
rary expedient as a palliative of the stinking con-
dition of the river, it is surely not necessary to re-
sort to chemical artifice for that which is no other
than an elaborate disguise of an unremoved nui-
sance.

I have the honour, Gentlemen,
To remain your obedient servant,
Guildhall, April 26, 1860, HY. LETIJEBY.

2 TIE ATTEMPTED INSU.RBEOTION

IN SPAIN.

A letter from Madrid, dated April 22, says
What will they do with them ?" is the question
which rings through Madrid since yesterday. I
need not tell you it refers to the recent capture,
generally considered most embarrassing to the
Spanish Government. On receipt of the intelligence
the Ministers met in council, but could come to no
decision as to the course to be adopted, and agreed
to refer the matter to O'Donnell. It might be
thought he had enough upon his shoulders already,
without this fresh load.. It is not unlikely that this
new complication will bring him soon to Madrid.
Many think he will be here before the week is
out. I hear that the Queen is, as her countenance
yesterday betokened, much chagrined at the cap-
ture of her cousins. Within the last few days she
expressed to persons about her a strong wish that
they might escape. She could never, she is known
to .have said, sanction a sentence of death on her
own near relatives. It appears to many that she
has been ill served in this affair, and that the
Princes should have been suffered to escape. Some
of to-day's newspapers seem inclined to boast of the
capture, since it is a proof that the Government
was not, as had been insinuated, more disposed
to favour their flight than to effect their apprehen-
sion. Supposing such connivance to have existed,
I cannot see that it should form subject ofreproach.
Montemolin and his brother would have been much
less burdensome to this Government if at large in
Naples or England than they now are as prisoners
at Tortosa. There are only three things that can be
done to them—shoot, imprison, or pardon. Of
the first I cannot think that there is the
least probability. It may be clamoured for
by a party, and alrea•-y some of the Radi-
cal papers ask whether there is to be distinction
of persons, or whether equal justice is to be dealt
out ; they recall the fact that Charles and Ferdinand
de Bourbon have long since been degraded from all
their honours and dignities, -anti declarei tcbcls,
and they hint that if they are spared injure ice has
been done to Ortega, Carrion, and the two others
who have suffered. Such arguments, however, will
hardly suffice to drive the Government to an ex-
treme measure which would cast much odium upon
it, and to which, moreover, it is probable the Queen
could never be brought to consent. Then comes the
alternative of imprisonment. Are the princes to be
shut up in a fortress, as Louis Napoleon was at
Ham, until death, escape, or some extraordinary
turn of Fortune's wheel shall release them ? This;
course has its disadvantages. In Spain, however
closely walled in and guarded, they would be more
present to the mind's eye of the Spanish nation
than in foreign exile; they would be a mark for
sympathy, a banner of an unfortunate cause. The
plan of imprisoning them—whether in Spain or in
one of her colonies—is met with objections many
by the supporters of the Queen's Government. The
third course then remains--pardon and expulsion
from Spain ; and for this I suspect that many ad-
vocatesr will be found, and that more would be but
tor the apprehension that such clemency would
be made an Opposition arm and would occasion
trouble to the Government. 4. Let the prisoners
be tried," I have heard it said • " they will cer-
tainly be condemned, and in all
sprobability to
death ; let theta thenn
dismissedbe :psriilloenrev conducted
persons front
whom
there frontier, a
there is nothing to fear. Such coniemptuousm‘ heroctlY
would go far to destroy the little prestige that re-
mains to them.: Such are the plans one hears
mooted for adoption by the Government. There are
disadvantages in all. We shall see is O'Donnell
strikes out something original, and presenting less
grounds for objection than any of the above three.
It is not yet known whether the prisoners will be
tried by a civil or a military tribunal—by a Judge
of First Instance, or by a court-martial of captains
such as that which condemned Ortega. They were
taken by gendarmes (guardias ctvtles), a military
force, and should therefore, it is said, be brought
before a military court, unless it appears that the
geudarmes were acting under the orders of an
alcalde or other civil authority. These and other
points will doubtless shortly he cleared up.
Uldecona, where Montemolin and his brother were
taken, is, as you may see by the map, at a very
short distance from the place at which they landed
from Palma. It is said that the Princes, when
they fled before the indignant countenances of
Ortega's delip4ed battalions, went at once to Ulee-
cone, and remained there until captured, changing
their abode from one house to another, and having
adherents on the watch against surprise. So far
as we are yet informed, there was nothing very
romantic or remarkable in the circumstances attend-
ing their apprehension. 1. hey were, found dressed,
at, two in the morning, in the topmost rosin of
a mean house, and they at once submitted to the
gendermes. After taking chocolate in the bowie of
one of the local authorities; they were packed off
to Tortosa in carts. An English merchant steamer
had been cruieing, it is said, since early on the
morning of the .previona day off that part of the
coast, but made off when the Colon man-of-war
would have spoken her.• It is supposed that she
was there to take away the fugitiveS, and sonic
illo,gme that it was her ,suspicious appearance and
ineraeuvres that put the authorities stm the alert,
and gave them a clue to the whereabouts of Monte-
molin. On the other hand, there are persons who
doubt whether any such clue was required; •in other ,

words, they think the authorities had a very fair
ieea of where they could lay their hands upon the
brothers, and that if these were taken it was rather
owing to the supineness and mismanagement of
themselves and their friends than to lack of oppor-
tunities afforded them for getting away. These
are, of course, all on this and suppositions, but it
certainly seems rather strange that the fugitives
and their friends and harbourers did not better
profit by the blindness (wilful or otherwise) which
allowed them to remain so many days unmolested
in one place. One would have thought that the
respite might have been profited by either to seek
safer hiding or to get away in some cunning dis-
guise. But probably the steamer was waited for,
and the delay proved destruction.
We have some particulars of Ortega's death. He
seems to have met it bravely, himself giving the
words " Make ready" and " Present," and then
commencing to recite the creed, which was quickly
cut short by the volley. His death was instanta-
neous. Well merited though it was, it has excited
considerable sensation and some sympathy in Ma-
drid. Here there are always plenty of people ready
to make of anything a weapon of offence against
the Government. If Ortega had been spared the
very persons who now talk of undue severity, blood-
thirstiness, &c., would have pointed a scornful
finger, sneered at the weakness of the Cabinet, and
hinted favouritism and, perhaps, foreign influence,
and would have said that, since Ortega was let off,
Carrion and the two others had been murdered.
It is the old story of the countryman and his jack-
ass. Drive the beast as you will, sling it or carry
it, you will still be found fault with. The struggle
here is ever for place ; patriotism is much talked
of but little known, and is set down for the most
part as an unprofitable virtue, and any arm is good
enough to damage a political opponent.
Nobody doubts that the Carlist plot had very ex-
tensive ramifications, and, up to yesterday, some
thought that, notwithstanding the recent miscar-
riage, another attempt would, perhaps, shortly be
made, and resources displayed the existence of
which had not been betrayed by Ortega's failure
and the insignificant outbreaks that followed it.
If anything of the kind was contemplated, it is
presumable that the capture of the two prisoners
will check it. On the other hand, surprise has
been expressed at the small number of the arrests
that have been made. Either, it is said, the
Government is extremely ill-informed or it is
remiss in its duty. The fact, doubtless, is, that
the Government has a moral certainty in nume-
rous cases, but no proofs. The chiefs having been
taken, subordinates are comparatively unimportant,
and there is little profit in arresting a host of per-
sons to let them loose afterwards for want of evi-
dence. The baffled conspiracy has had one good
result to set off against the trouble and annoyance
it has caused, and the still greater difficulties likely
to spring from the capture of the pretender. It has
shown the spirit of the army to be good, and that
the troops are not, as in former days, to be led away
by the first general who chooses to " pronounce" (no
matter for whom or what) and promise promotion
to the officers and abridgment of service to the men.
" Viva la Reina! Viva the union of the army !"
shouted Col. Rodriguez Vera, when Ortega's pallor
and faltering showed him that treason was meant.
And the soldiers responded to the cry and sent bul-
lets after the traitor. Ortega lacked decision and
audacity for the part he aspired to play. When a
colonel stepped forward and presumed to question
him, saying that the division wished to know
whither it was being led, Ortega's game was quite
clear. He should have run his questioner through
the body, or have denounced him as mutinous, and
called upon the officers to arrest him. Such bold-
ness could hardly have failed of its effect, for the
troops would have inferred from it that Ortega felt
himself in the right, and was sure of support, and
this, combined with the habit of discipline and the
prestige of his rank, would have awed them into
obedience. Such a course would probably have
saved Ortega's life, by gaining time for him to
reach the frontier. As regards the good and loyal
spirit of the army, :O'Donnell is well convinced of
it, so much so that, as he lately wrote from Africa,
the news of the Carlist attempt gave him not the
slightest uneasines.s.

ARRIVAL OF TWO AUSTRALIAN LINERS
AND LARGE IMPORT OF GOLD.

LIVERPOOL, APRIL 28.

This morning, Messrs. James Baines and Co , the
owners of the Black Ball Line of Australian
Packets, received telegrams announcing that two of
their Australian fleet—the Ocean Chief and the
Lightning—had arrived, the former at Queens-
town, after a passage of 93 days, and the
Lightning, off Mizen Head, South Coast of
Ireland, in 77 days, both from Melbourne.
The Ocean Chief had on board the follow-
ing saloon passengers :—Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Under-
wood, Mr. J. P. Jamieson, Lieut. Cooke, and
Messrs. Chas. Black, Harvey, Stanwick, and Dr.
Thorpe, and 155 in the steerage, She had also
32,281 ounces and 6 dwts. of gold, of the value of
£129,128, consigned as follows :—English, Scottish,
and Australian Chartered Bank, 11,294 oz. 3 dwt. ;
Bank of Australasia, 10,109 oz. 10 dwt.; Bank of
New South Wales, 5,000 oz. ; Oriental Bank Cor-
poration, 4,085 oz. 18 dwt.; Messrs. Banker
Brothers and Henderson, 1,701 oz. 15 dwt. and
small shipments 90 oz. The Ocean Chief had also
the following cargo on board :-1,386 bales of wool,
2 bags of wool, 3,828 bags South Australian copper
ore, 305 kegs of nails, 1 bale of candle-wick, 8 cases
of miscellaneous goods, and 1 trunk of boots. She
is commanded by Capt. Wm. Brown, and has con-
siderably outstripped her metropolitan competitors.
The Lightning, commanded by Capt. Clarke, has
made a more rapid passage, sighting the Irish coast
in 76 days from Melbourne. She has on board the
following saloon passengers :—Mr. and Mrs. James
Mason, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Warnock and infant,
Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas, captain, Mr. and Mrs.
Buckle, Mrs. Drummond and infant, and Miss
Drummond, Messrs. W. Austin, J. G. Cameron,
Spraight, and S. Samuel ; and 185 in the
second cabin. She had also on board 13,479 oz. 17
dwt. of gold, of the -value of £53,924, to the follow-
ing consignments :—Bank of Australia, 5,534 oz. 19
d wt. ; English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered
Bank, 5,292 oz. 11 dwt. ; Oriental Bank Corpora-
tion, 2,765 oz. 11 dwt.; and small shipments, 66 oz.
and 14 dwt., in addition to the following care'ocargo:—
2,455 bales of wool, 48 bales or sheep skins, 4 bales
8 hhds. of felt, 38 bales of leather, 6 bales pieces, 14
bales of rags, 5 bales of bags and blankets, 4 crates
(10 tons) zinc, a quantity of loose scrap iron, 128 .
kegs of nails, and 280 tons of Australian ore.

The wool by this arrival will arrive in good time
for the colonial wool sales, commencing in London
on the 3d of May.
The following vessels sailed before the Lightning:
—The Greyhound, White Star line, out 102
days, with 3,000 ounces of gold (X 40,000), and
2,359 bales of wool, for Liverpool ; Moravian, 101
days, for London, no gold, 2,367 bales of wool ;
Isea, 99 days, for London, 225 bales of wool
Monarch, 96 days, for London, 29,452 ounces of
gold (1118,808), and 1,823 bales of wool ; Norwood,
for London, 96 days, 9,645 ounces of gold (X 38,580),
and 3,233 bales of wool ; and the Montmorency, 92
days, Blank Ball line, for London, with 9,047 ounces
of gold (X 36,188), and 1,091 bales of wool.

PENZ.INCE NETV LIFEBOAT.

-

The National Lifeboat Institution sent last Fri-
day one of its best single-banked lifeboats, accom-
panied with a transporting carriage, to Penzance.
The boat is 30 feet long by 7 feet wide, and rows
six oars. A few days ago a harbour trial of her
took place at Limehouse, iu the presence of the
builders, Messrs. Forrest, the inspector of lifeboats
to the National Institution, and others. Her self-
righting qualities were fully and satisfactorily
developed. The water they shipped was self-ejected
through patent valves in about 20 seconds. The
following are some of the remarkable qualities of
this lifeboat :

1. Great later stability.
2. Speed against a heavy sea.
3. Facility for launching and for taking the shore.
4. Immediate self-discharge of any water break-
ing into her.

b. The important advantage of self-righting if
upset.

'7l;heStt°r
6. Strength.
Navnasgpeo-rrtoionmg
carriage
rai a ngue mofb et rh
eo fb
opaats,s emn,
hgiec rhs
was
built by Mr. Robinson,of
Camden Town, is ad-
mirably adapted for itsmi •
poses. By an ingenious
contrivance the boat, with her crew, is launched off
the carriage. With their oars in their hands, they
are enabled to obtain headway before the breakers
have time to force the boat_broadside on the beach.
The hauling up of the lifeboat on her carriage is
accomplished with equal facility. The cost of the
lifeboat and transporting carriage is £220, a con-
siderable proportion of which, it is hoped, will be
raised in Cornwall. A commodious and substan-
tial house has been built for the reception of the
her stores, and carriage. In fact, there
is probably not a more complete lifeboat estab-
lishment on the whole coast than at Pen-
n C. 7% Arrangements will forthwith be made by the
local committee; for the organisation of the crew
and for the appointment of an efficient coxswain,
for the boat, who will have the charge of the sta-
tion, and will, every time she is required, go afloat

in her.
The National Lifeboat Institution has now 103
lifeboats in connexion with it—a truly noble fleet,
and only outnumbered by the navies of commerce
and war, but the largest life-saving fleet the •world
has ever yet seen. some of these boats were even

last year instrumental in saving 227 of our fellow-
creatures from a watery grave. It is, therefore, evi-
dent that a large sum is required by the institution
to maintain its numerous lifeboat establishments
in an efficient state, and that the good and sacred
work in which it is actively engaged, can only be
perfected by endowments, and the continued liberal
support of the public. A free conveyance to the
lifeboat and carriage was readily and generously
given by all the railway companies from London to
Penzance.

21IE PULLINGER FRAUDS.

William George Pullinger, the perpetrator of the
gigantic frauds upon the Union Bank of London,
is the son of a deceased gentleman, who was a mer-
chant in the City, and largely engaged in the East
India trade, and was a highly respected member of
the Clothworkers' Company. In the earlier part
of his life he served a short time in a merchant's
office, and resided in the neighbourhood of Stepney-
green. He then became a clerk in the banking-
house of Sir Claude Scott and Co., where he re-
mained for some years with great credit to himself,
and in 1847 he left for a more lucrative situation
at the Union Bank. It appears that up to the
period of his being promoted to the office of chief
cashier, five years ago, his conduct was irreproach-
able. In his new capacity, however, he had greater
command over the funds of the bank, and could not
withstand the temptation which his new position
gave him, and which he carried on with much in-
genuity and disastrous consequences to the bank.
During the last few years, and up to the time of
his arrest, Pullinger lived at 30, Ampthill-square,
Hampstead-road, and from all we can hear his style
of living was not beyond that which might be ex-
pected of persons in his situation of life with an
income of £6OO a year. The house was well fur-
nished, but nothing to indicate extravagance, as in
the case of Redpath ; and he had very rarely com-
pany, his circle of acquaintances apparently being
small. _ _ _

The directors are prosecuting an inquiry which,
it is hoped, will end in the recovery of a portion of
the missing capital. It is known that Pullinger
was a considerable loser by speculations on the
Stock Exchange. In one instance he asserts that
he was swindled to a large extent ; but, the party
being deal, there is no likelihood of any portion being
disgorged. It is well understood that Pullinger was
the means of putting several firms " on their legs ;"
but whether he will make a full disclosure of the
assistance he has rendered remains to be seen.
Pullinger also dabbled largely in betting on horse-
racing. He was on very intimate terms with a con-
fectioner in the City and a trainer at Newmarket,
and at the latter place a fine stud of race-horses,
with an extensive range of new buildings and other
out-houses, suddenly turned up which excited some
attention as to where the means came from. Since

his incarceration in Newgate he has not hesitated
to converse freely upon the frauds charged against
him ; indeed, he has evinced rather an anxious de-
sire to lay bare his delinquencies and unburthen his
mind. For a long while he knew that a crisis must
come which would terminate in his imprisonment
for life, and his only regret now is that he should
have brought so much disgrace upon other parties.
It appears that shortly after his arrival in Newgate
the rev: chaplain ofthe prison addressed him upon
the enormity of the frauds, which apparently im-
pressed Pullinger with the idea that the rev. gen-
tleman wished him to divulge the full extent of his
crime to him (the chaplain). He replied that that
was a matter between him and the bank authorities
and at present did not come within the course of
duty of the rev. ordinary of the prison. He has ex-
pressed his perfect readiness to give the fullest in-
formation with a view of assisting the directors in
their investigation of the frauds. Hearing that one
of the clerks, Littleton, had been apprehended on
suspicion of being a confederate, he repeated his re-
gret that he should have been the cause of bringing
so much disgrace upon the young mau and dis-
credit upon the officersof the company. It has been
said that the peculations of Littleton took place a
day after Pullinger's apprehension, but that is not
the case. The deficiency in his till occurred some
time previously, for Littleton, when asked at the
police-station what he had had, observed that Pul-
linger asked him for the money out of his till, and
he gave it him ; but he added that he knew he had
done wrong. Littleton's salary, as one of the
cashiers, was £250 per annum.
Pullinger has been visited by his wife, a very
lady-like person, two or three times in Newgate,
and he has expressed himself in rather strong
terms at the conduct of the clergyman, at whose
church at Hampstead he was a regular attendant,
in visiting her, and, under the guise of consoling
her, endeavouring to persuade her to make a full
revelation of her husband's sin. He declares most
solemnly that his wife was wholly unconscious of
his treacherous conduct to the bank; and although
he had obtained permission for the clergyman to
visit him, in accordance with her request, he had
since informed the governor that he declined to see
him. He thought that as Mrs. Pullinger had sub-
scribed to the different charities connected with the
parish, the clergyman had inferred that it must
have been money belonging to the bank. He de-
clared, however, that all the gifts came out of his
salary, and not a fraction from the frauds on the
bank. In alluding to his turf transactions, and to
what he called the " accursed gambling by bet-
ting," he said that, although he was a great winner
on many of the races, and ho mentioned names
(which we obviously omit), yet his sacrifices in
betting were beyond his calculation.. His circum-
stances, when the frauds were detected, and he was
arrested, would seem to show that his means were
exhausted. He had effected a bill of sale upon his
household furniture, and appears to have borrowed
of his friends. Is is clear that when he was searched
at the Bow-lane police station, all the cash that
was found upon him was 3d. His house was exa-
mined at the same time, but no money was to be
seen. Pullinger has been asked several times
whether he intended to employ a solicitor to de-
fend him. He replied that he did not wish to give
the bark any trouble, and intended to plead guilty.
He had quite made up his mind that he would never
have his liberty again. He will be brought up with
Littleton next Friday at the Mansion-house, but
from the mass of accounts which will have to be
gone through, the proceedings will occupy scveral
days.
Much has been said as to the apparent lax way
the affairs of the bank have been managed, in
allowing such a series of gigantic frauds to go on
so long undiscpvered. A rather amusing anc cdote
is told of its chairman, Sir Peter Laurie, who, when
the Redpath speculations on the Great Northern
Railway Company were made public, commented
from the judgment seat at the Mansion-house upon
the management which could allow such a state of
things, and said that it must have resulted from a
want of proper vigilance on the part of the officials,
adding that it was impossible that anything of the
kind could happen at the bank (Union) with which
he was connected.

THE DISCUS,VIO IN THE PRUSSIAN

CHAMBERS.

The late decision of the Prussian Government
against the authority of the Federal Diet is re-
marked on at some length by the Constitutionnel,
which looks on the determination in question as a
very grave proceeding :
" On the part of a petty State such an act would
only have been a revolt; but on the part of Prussia
it is almost a revolution. The discussion in the
Chamber on the matter was opened by an explicit
declaration of Baron de Schleinitz himself, to the
effect that, whatever happens,' the Government
was determined to persist with firmness in the path
on which it had entered. After him several mem-
bers spoke, and all, putting aside more or less the
preliminary veil which enveloped the vote of the
Diet, discussed the question in the point of view of
the rivality of Austria and Prussia. To cede to
Austria now,' M. Duncker said, would be a more
shameful and more dangerous defeat than those of
Olmutz and Bronzell, in 18.50 The blow di-
rected apparently against Hesse was,' said M.
Mathis, in reality, against Prussia.' And, in
order more strongly to express what he thought,
this speaker recalled to mind the remark of a man
whose observations have sometimes served as warn-
ings to Europe We must degrade Prussia, in
order to demolish her !"rhe man who made that
remark:was the Prince de Schwarzcnberg."
After commenting on the incidents of the late debate
in the Pruv,sian Chamber, the writer comes to the
following conclusion on the conduct of the Berlin
Cabinet

"We will not say that Prussia has cast down the
glove to Austrian Germany ; or that the Reformists
of Gotha who yesterday could hardly agitate
their flag, and were obliged to emigrate with
it from town to town, saw it hoisted in the
Prussian tribune by M. do Vincke. Still less will
we say that the edifice of the Diet, restored
thirty years ago by Austria, has become visibly
weakened, and that the support which it formerly
received has also beco►ne shaken ; that, in short, the
new policy which restores to the populations a part
of the sovereign power is becoming acclimatised and
takes root in independent Germany. We will say
nothing for fear of quitting the domain or facts, and
of losing ourselves in the regions of Germanic re-
veries. However it is incontcstible that the crisis
by being prolonged becomes aggravated, and that
being nqgravated it will forcedly takt., its place
among the preoccupations of the Eur

THE PAPAL STATES.

The following letter has been received from
Rome, dated the 21st inst. :

I must inform you that the moral influence at-
tached to the name of Lamoriciere has produced an •
immense effect in Rome. The King of Piedmont is,
in consequence of the General's appointment, it is
said, to form two armies of observation—one in the
Romagna and the other in Tuscany. As to Rome,
where hitherto everybody kept away from the Go-
vernment, we see an emulation among the young
men of the wealthier classes to offer their services
in the new army. The Pope's gardes nobles demand
to be employed on active service, and nobody re-
fuses to obey the orders given by the General in
his well-known energetic manner. He has declared
to the Government that the personnel of the Roman
army is capable of as much efficiency as that of any
other, but on condition that it be commanded by
skilful and courageous officers. He proposes to or-
ganise an army of 40,000 men, of which 15,000 are
to remain in the garrison towns, and 25,000 to be
employed in active service. His object is tl
establish his head-quarters at Ancona, whence he
can prevent any invasion of the Papal territory
by an enemy's army, and at the same time prevent
any insurrection in the Marches or in Umbria,
There is no deficiency of fire-arms, and the general
is occupied in organising three batteries of rifled
cannon. If the general can overcome the habitual in-
ertness of the Government, and succeed in obtaining
an energetic assistance from those who should sup-
, port him he will accomplish the noble object he
has proposed to himself. But that is more difficult
than anybody can imagine. It is useless to deceive
ourselves, the greatest blot on our Government is

inertness. It is to that failing that we have to at-
tribute our backwardness in material civilisation.
If the necessary energy had been displayed for the
last 11 years to organise a good army we should
not now be in the sad situation in which we are.
If during the same interval our legislation bad been
reformed and placed in harmony with the just re-
quirements of the age we should have less to repent
of, and the revolted inhabitants would have no
excuse. If within the last 25 years the Govern-
ment had accepted the offers of various public com-
panies who proposed to construct railways we
should have had an element of prosperity already
developed without adding to the charges of the
Treasury. If the Government had had sufficient
forethought to place native troops instead of Aus-
trians at Bologna we should not have so shamefully
lost the Itomagnas. In fine, if a loan had been
negotiated in the course of last year, our finances
would not now be in such a deplorable position,
and we should not be speaking of an issue of paper
money or of mortgaging the church property.
Unfortunately for us I do not see any mode of
escaping from one or other of these expedients.
Notwithstanding reports to the contrary, the
Chevalier Neri has scarcely obtained anything
either in Belgium or France, or the Chevalier Guidi
at Naples. Of the two expedients proposed the
last would be the least dangerous. Paper-money has
left too disagreeable a recollection—the expedient
of mortgaging the Church property might enable
the Government to contract a loan on less
onerous terms. To conclude, if General de Lamo-
riciern finds the Government energetic he may suc-
ceed, and even now his name is sufficient to prevent
a popular movement in case the French troops
should be withdrawn. In the meantime the party
opposed to Cardinal Antonelli is more compact than
ever. That party rejoices in having appointed
Monsignor Merode Minister of War provisionally.