The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-14 00:00:00

TILE -- SUN, LONDON, MOINDAY EVENING, APRIL 14. 1856.

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65i 6

MILITARY BOARD OF INQUIRY.

Mis Day.)

The Board met this morning at the usual hour when
the examination of

Sir R. Airey was proceeded with. He said that an
answer given by him on Saturday to a question put to
him by the Commissioner., why nothing bad been done
to shelter the horses on the 12th Nov., referred not to
that particular date, but generally as to the cavalry up
to that time.

Col. Tulloch submitted that as the report of the Cri-
mean Commissioners was fouuded entirely on the infor-
mation given to them by officers in the Crimea, it could
not be impugned by any subsequent explanation.
The .Tudge•Advocate•Generjl said that Col. Tulloch
had better confine himself to examining the witness
rather than enter into explanations by running cam-
,
ments on the witness's evidence.

Colonel ToHoch wished t) know if he was to under-
stand that Sir R. Airey's explanation was to cancel his
former statement made to the. Commissioners?
The Judge•Advocate-General—l think you are.

Colonel Tulloch (to witness)—Are these, then, the
effect of your answer—that on the 12th of November
last the site of the -camp had been fixed, that engineer
officers were available, that Turks and tools were ready,
and that there was nothing to prevent the oonstruction
of shelter?

Sir R. Airey said that the great uncertainty that pre-
vailed of the cavalry remaining on that spot at the time
alluded to prevented the er ction of shelter. He ex-
pressed his regret at the indisposition of the C.)mmis-
sinners to examine him per4onally, for, hal they done
so, a great many erroneous impressions and conclusions
might have been avoided.

Colonel Talloch—Why did you neglect to explain
this important circumstance to the Commissioners
Sir R. Airey said because he really did not know the
object of the Commissioners was anything more than to
obtain general information upon general subjects ; and
that a Quartermaster-General's time was fully occupied
in the discharge of his official duties—not having five
minutes to spare in the day?

Col. Tulloch—ln the absence of that information
could the Commissioners have possibly known that your
answer did not refer specifically to the 12th Nov.
Sir R. Airey said he was unable to answer that wies-
tion. He was not aware that Lieutenant• Colonel
Gordon had offered an explanation to the Commis•
sioners to leadithem to conclude that everything would be
ready except the timber. He felt sure Lieut.-Colonel
Gordon was anxious to give them all the information in
his power. He was not aware that such an explanation
as he had given to the Board was given to the Commis-
sioners. Any alteration of witness's orders would not
appear in his office register, because in carrying on such
a great war as that they had lately been engaged in
many of the orders were given and countermanded orally.
A great deal more was done than what appeared in his
office register. With regard to Lord Lucan's statement
of the 12th November, that an engineer officer would be
placed at his disposal, arrangements were inade'for that
purpose, but beyond that he was unable to state any-
thing. He, of course, expected they would have been
carried out. The Cornmie,ioners called at his office
three times after Lieut.-Colonel Gordon's examination to
take his (Sir R. Airey's) evidence, but on each occasion
he was peremptorily called away. He found by refer-
ence to his book that on the 126 h Nov. Captain Gordon
was mitten to by order of the Commander of the Forces
to place an engineer officer at the disposal of Lord
Lucan, and that the commander of the Engineers was
written to accordingly.'

On being again pressed by Col. Tulloch to say whe-
ther it would not have been better had the witness
afforded this information on subjects on which the
Commissioners were desirous of obtaining the fullest in-
formation at the time they were in the Crimea, he said
he was unable to do so from press of business, and that
his answers were as short as possible in consequence.
Witness continued—The great and primary cause of
delay was the want of labour. With sufficient labourers
they might have done anything, even before the site of
the camp was permanently fixed on. He was unable to
say if the permanent site of the camp had been fixed on
by the 16th December.
It appeared from remarks made by Lord Lucan, and
a reference to his evidence before the Board, that the
ground for stables for the cavalry had been marked out
before the 16th December.

Colonel Tallith said that perhaps Lord Lucan would
have no objection to afford the Court the information
desired—viz., when the ground was marked out.
Lord Lucan--lf you will examine me I will answer
that or any other question.
Sir R. Airey cootinu,d his evidence, and said that
the questions the Commissioners required him to answer
remained in his possession several weeks before he did
an.

Colonel Tulloch—Could Lord Lucan have constructed
shelter without labour, without to )14, without materials,
and without a permanent site being fixed on before the
12th Nov., and have provided shelter for the cavalry in
acc..rdance with orders that had been issued to that
effect ?

Sir R. Airey—The shelter to be constructed was
such as the eircumstances would admit of. That might

have been merely throwing up of embankments for the
night, or any temporary shelter Lord Lucan might be

able to construct uncle; the then circumstances.

Col. Tulloch—The Commissioners having received no
other information except that which they obtained from
you and your officers as to the construction of the
stables, which appeared to embrace a period of three
months, was it not necessary some other information
should have been afforded the Commissioners to pre-
vent them coming to a conclusion that there was a want
of promptitude and ingenuity displayed in providiig
shelter !

Sir R. Airey—Yes. I think it was a great pity they
came to that conclusion without calling fur further
evidence.
Col. Tulloch—From whom but from yourself and Col.
Gordon could such evidence have been obtained ?
Sir R. Airey—l think very much might have been
obtained from me, and I think with one ride between
Balaklava and the camp we might have conversed freely,
honestly, and openly upon these matters, and without
difficulty have set everything right.
Col. Tulloch—Did not the Commissioners give you
that opportunity in writing to yourself, and by four
days' examination of your senior assistant
Sir R. Airey— Of the examination in wilting I have
already spoken. Mine were merely general and
superficial answers to general questions. I had no idea
the Commissioners would have blamed or implicated
any body. If I had had the slightest idea they would
have done so I should have gone more fully into the
matter. _

Col. Talloch repeated the question, and added—Did
not the commissioners attend three times at head-quar-
ters for the purpose of seeing you ?
Sir R. A irey—Tou attended in person, but no exami-
nation of me took place, and consequently that was null
and void.
Col Talloch (to the Board) said he wished to show
that he gave Sir R. Airey an opportunity of affording an
explanation on this point, and asked him—Do you
think the commissioners could attach blame to no one
when it was found so many horses had died
Sir R. Airey—l thought it was quite impossible for
the Commissioners to have found by these inquiries that,
under the peculiar circumstances under which the army
was placed, that any one in the Crimea was to blame.
It is now my impression that some of the persons is the
Crimea were to blame.
Col. Tulloch continued to put questions of a similar
character to Sir R. Airey, and he replied that if he had
had any idea that there would have been a subsequent
inquiry, he ,would have afforded the Crimean soldier
fuller information. He considered from their question
that they were seeking merely for general information,
and he gave his answers accordingly.
Col. Tulloch—lf the Crimean Commissioners had to
report to the Secretary of State for War and ultimatily
to Parliament, could they have omitted such an impor-
tant circumstance as when shelter was ordered and pro-
vided, and should not the information thereupon given
to the commissioner., been of the most specific character?
S r R. Airey—l don't know what were the instruc-
tions given to the commissioners, but I thought they
merely embraced commissariat duties. I did not know
that you were called upon to report on other matters.
Col. Tulloch—Could they in "soy report''. have
omitted such an important circumstano ?
Sir R. Airey—The question is so vague and indefinite
that I really can't answer it.
Colonel Tulloch—Did it not occur to you that in " any
report" made by the commissioners to the Government,
that in the absence of such information, if the Quarter-
master-General's department bad, done its duty, that the
cavalry had neglected theirs.
Sir R. Airey—l don't admit the inference that is
drawn here, that the cavalry neglected their duty.
My impression is that the cavalry under the circum-
stances in which they were placer), did all they could.
I can't answer the question in any other way.
Shortly after 2 o'clock, the Court adjourned for half
an hour.
The Court having re-assembled,
General Sir R. Airey was recalled.
Col. Tulloch—When the order was given to provide
shelter on the 12th Nov., and it was not completed until
the middle or end of February, could the Commissioners
have come to any Sher conclusion than that it arose
from any other circumstance than a want of promptitude
and ingenuity, especially when the great in irtality
amongst the horses was taken into consideration ?
Sir R. Airey—l think it is an error the Commission-
ers committed in not going sufficiently into the evidence.
Col. Tullosh--What could the Commissioners have
done more than examine yourself and your senior as-
sistant ?
Sir R. Airey—My examination taken on the spot
appears now to have heel) incomplete.
Col. Tulloch—lf you supposed that the inquiry of the
Commissioners was confined to the Commissariat, why
should they 'have gone to the Quartermaster-General's
department for information ?
Sir R. Airey—That was best known to the Commis-
sioners themselves. Probably it was because he was in
Continual correspondence with the Commissary-General.
- Col. Tiilloch—Why did you not at once reply to our

inquiries by denyilit NA' authority in regaid-folfte matc-
ter of sbelter for the horses!.

Sir R. Airey—l was desired by the Commander• cf the
Forcea to appear before the Commissioner=, and to give
them all the information I could.

Col. Tullocb—Why, under any circumstances, . did
you give inforinfition which must of necessity lead to
erroneous conclusions? .

Sir R. Airey—lt appears to ma that I have answered
that question in spirit several times. I gave ail the
general information t bat at the moment appeared to me
to he embraced in the Commissioners' questions, and I
had no reason to believe that they required any further
specific iuformation. They knew where I was in the
Crimea, and after my return to England they might have
found me in London, and if they required more informa-
tion had 'they applied to me I would have given it. •
C-alonel Tulloch—Are you not aware that when com-
misiioners have taken evidence, and that-evidence is
signed by the persons giving it, the duty-of the commis-
sioners may be said to be ended ?
Sir R. A-irey—l think that when commissioners are
sent to make inquiries into circumstances such as
those the* -took place in the Crimea, theyought to leave
no stone unturned to obtain the most complete infor-
mation. If after the evidence of officers had been given
it was found`that the evidence was not complete, they
should have applied to those officers for further Informa-
tion. In the Crimea, when cholera prevailed, and there
was great fear in consequence—men in full health were
taken ill at 11 o'clock and were corpses in the afternoon—
there were necessarily many difficulties. The Commis.
sioners themselves were obliged to go to Constantinople
for the benefit.of-their [health, but they did not return
again to the Crimea.
After the gallant General gave some farther evidence,
the Court adjourned at four o'clock.

MAILS BY STEAM TO AUSTRALIA.

(From a correspondent of the Morning Advertiser.)

The columns of several of our contemporaries
have for a considerable time past teemed with most
fallacious and erroneous statements regarding the
quickest, the best, and most advantageous route to
Australia, for the conveyance of mails and pas-
sengers. As this is a subject of great importance,
both to those great colonies and the public, the
writer of this, who has taken great pains with the
subject, and is well acquainted with it, in all its
details, considers it his duty to place the following
correct statements and details before the public,
in order that neither it nor the colonies may be any
farther misled on these important matters :
The distance in geometrical miles from South-
ampton to Sydney, by Alexandria and Aden, &c.,
stands thus :

Southampton to Alexanlria
AltxAndria to Suez

Geo. Miles.
- 2,958
_. 170

Saes to ♦den 1 321
Aden to Diego Gracia 2,180
Diego Gracia to Albany (St. George'd Sound) 3,118
Albany to Melbourne
Melbourne to Sydney

11,704

But the Isthmus is equal to 590 miles, sea
distance, theretore add

Total, this route 12,034
Now the Post-office official list shows that the

time—take, for example, the mail of the Bth Jan.
last from Calcutta—from the Post•ofce Aden to
the Post-office London, by overland route, is 21
days, and by the Mediterranean route 25 days (10
days in the one case, and 15 days in the other from
Alexandria), varying at times a day more or less
by each route. But let us take it at :the rate
stated, and the rate of speed per day as fixed by
the Australian Association ; then from Aden to
Sydney the time will Stalid thus :

Days.
London by overland route to Aden, and clearing it 21
Aden to Sydney, by Diego Gracia, 7,228 wile., at
240, is
Stoppages, coals at Diego Gracia and Albany,
and one day at Melbourne

London to Sydney, overland route [not 44 as stated] 561
Stop at Sy iney 3
Sydney to London, return by same route s6i

Total outwards and inwards
Or 5 days within 4 months for course of post.
By sea route, Gibraltar, St.s., to Aden
Aden to Sydney, as above

Total sea route •
60
Strap at Sydney . ' 3
Sydney to London, same route

Total outwarrl4 and inwar is
Or 3 days beyond 4 months as the course of post. The
last Indian mail received was 20 days overland from
Aden, ani 21 days from that place by the Mediterra-
nean.
To peqorm and secure the speed stated would
require ships (paddle-wheel) of 600-horse power.
Their consumption of coals would be, say, 58 tons
daily. It is therefore clear they could not be coaled
at either Diego Gracia or St. George's Sound (Al-
bany) in less than two days at each place, and most
probably more time-would he necessary. Five
ships at least would be necessary. Average expen-
diture for each, yearly, will be 40,0001.
Moreover, hile the mails from India and China
are regulated as those at present are, and, as it
is believed, cannot he altered, the mails from Syd-
ney and Melbourne, &c,., could never reach Aden
in the rate and time mentioned to meet the India
and. China mails at that place. The latter would
be gone three or four days before the former came
up, and the mails, passengers, and cargo, whatever
that is, be detained eleven or twelve days, till the
next India mails came up. And admitting they
could meet exactly at Aden, still on every occasion
the passengers, or a great number of those from
Australia, would not find accommodation in the
steamers from India.

The Association unfairly take, and without any
explanation, direct lines when it suits their pur-
pose, but throw them overboard, or misstate them
in others, when it suits their purpose. Thus, they
assert that the distance from England to Sydney,
by the Cape, is 13,367 miles. Now this is not cor-
rect. Taking the direct sea lines by the Cape, the
distance is only 12,350 miles, or only 300 miles
more than their pet route. The correct distance
from England to Sydney by Teneriffe, St. Helena,
the Cape, Mauritius, Albany, &c., &c., is 13,530
geographical miles. The distance can he run, and
is offered to be run, in 54 days (53 to Melbourne),
including all stoppages, and in the same ship
throughout, a convenience of great importance.
At the same time, and at the same expense, it gives
a regular communication with all the important
glaces last mentioned ; while the line by Diego
Gracia outs off the Cape and Mauritius, and con-
fers no benefit whatever on any British commercial
position from Australia to Egypt. With three
days stoppage at Sydney, the course of post be-
tween that place and Loudon will be 111 days, or
nearly 10 days within four months. The Associa-
tion's pet route, Diego Gracia. and Overland, brings
it to 1151 days, and this only for a small portion
of the mails ; and 123} for the heavy portion
thereof and passengers, ke. This, alone, is consi-
dered conclusive against the plan proposed by the
Australian Association. Besides, the whole route
by the Cape of Good Hope is worked under the
British flag ' • while theirs may be interrupted and
some day cut off, being under a foreign Power.
The bugbear started, of fearful tempests about
Mauritius, is unworthy of notice. Every part of the
ooean is more or less subject to storms ; but in no
portion thereof does fierce tempests and heavy
seas prevail so much as in the North Atlantic, and
yet the whole mail vessels on that station do their
work so as scarcely to vary above one day in a
winter voyage.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited the
Duchess, of Gloucester, yesterday, at Gloucester-house.
PENRHYN SLATS QUARBIES.—Two melancholy acci-
dents have just occurred in these quarries. Thomas
Roberts, an old man a above 60 years of age, and a'
youth of 15, were, within a few hours of each other,
killed by large portions of the robk falling upon them.
They were conveyed immediately to the quarry hospital,
but though every attention was paid they survived only
a few hours.

THE EQUITY AND LAW COI:MTS.—To morrow (The:.
day) the law and equity courts will be opened on
the commencement of term, after the judges and others
have been received by the Lord Chancellor. There is a
good deal of hu.-iness before the courts. There are 71
rules in the common law c Junta.
SACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY.—Cost es oratorio "Eli,"
will be again performed at Exeter-Hall on the 25th
inst. Madame Viardot Garcia will arrive from Paris to
sustain the part of Samuel in the oratorio, as at Bir-
mingham, the other principal vocalists being Madame
Clara Novello, Mr. Sims Reeves, and Herr Forme'.
The Generalissimo of the Egyptian forces, Sob,-
man PAcha (the French Colonel Selves) has resigned
in consequence of his son-in-law, Sherif toy, hav-
ing fallen into disfavour with Said Pacha's Govern-
ment.
LIFE PEERAGES.—We are informed that the Govern-
ment are about to introduce a series of resolutions in the
House of Lords immediately, giving power to the Crown
to appoint peerages for life. It is proposed that there
shall be four peerages for life conferred; and at no time
to exceed that number, upon distinguished members of
the bench of judges. They are to be termed "Lords of
Appeal," and are to enjoy, during their natural lite, all
Lth,erdpsr.ivilTegheesy
are t
of hereditary
ie appointededi)tarymemb ersofth Rouse of
expressly
to sit on
appeal cases, as their title denotes. It is also proposed
that each of the four Loa's of Aiipeal shall have the an-
nual salary during life of 5,0001., inclusive of any pen-
sion to which they might become entitled to from their
previous judicial services on the bench. When the ques-
tion of these life peerages has been settled, and it is
thought there will not be any opposition to the resolu-
tion of the Government, Lord Wensleydale will be at
once enabled to take the requited oaths and his seat in
the House of Lords.

- -MARKET NEWS.—(This Day.)

CORN EXCHANGE.

Tho supplies of wheat on sale in the leading country
markets held on Saturday were but moderate, yet the
demand for all kinds was heavy, and prices had a down-.
ward tendency. Barley moved off freely at full quotations;
but all other articles were very dull.
The near continental markets continuo _dull for wheat
and other produce. In the American markets only a mo-
derate business is doing in wheat and flour on English
account.

ITp to our market last week the arrivals of home-grown
produce were moderate. .. From abroad we received 25,795
quarters of wheat, 1,160 barley, 9,237 oats, 4,065 beans,
297 tares, 15,684 linseed, .23,692 rapeseed, 5,752 sundry
seeds, and 342 sacks 9,632 barrels of flour.
The arrivals of English wheat fresh up to our market
to-day, coastwise, were very limited, and those by land
carriage moderate, but in fair average condition. Not-
withstanding that the show of samples of both red and
white was far from extensive, the demand for alUsinds,

ruled exceedingly inactive, at a decline in the quotations
realized on Monday last of from 3s. to 4e. per quarter, at
which very little progress was made in sales.
_ . _

We were tolerably well t upplied with foreign wheat,
fresh as well as ex•granary. Fine dry samples were hell
at very full prices ; but the sale for all kinds was very dull,
at 2s to 3a per quarter under last week's currency. Float-
ing cargoes of grain were rather dull, but not cheaper.
The show of both" English and foreign barley was very

limited, and the whole of the supply changed hands
steadily, at fully last Monday's improvement in value; in
some instances malting qualities were is per quarter dearer.

We had a steady demand for malt, at very full prices.

The supply of oats, though moderate, was equal to the
demand. In the quotations of the best samples, no change
took place ; but inferior oats were id to is lower.
Beans and peas—especially the former—met a dull trade,
at barely late rates. Tick beans were is lower.

The flour trade was heavy, and prices were rather in
favour of buyers. In the top prices of town made, no
change took place.

CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE.

Wheat—Essex 3. Kent,
Red .. new 56s to 68a
Ditt0........ old —s —g
Ditto, White new 60s 73s
Ditt0........ old —s —s
Norfolk and Lin-
coln, Red, old —s —a
Ditto new •• 563 G9s'
Bye—Old ............ —s —s
Sew •••••....... 45s 47s
Batley—Grinding••• .• 31s 33s
Ntalting . •. •• ...• 32s ais
. . 403 45s
italt—Saffolkand Nor-
folk.. • • •• 71s Ms
Brown ..• • . •• ........ G3s 66a
KingstonandWare 74e 75s

'Malt—Chevalier .... 76s to 77s
,Oats Yorkshire and

Lincolusk., Feed 22s 24s
Potato
Youghal and Cork
81ack....... 203 22,

Cork. White ..... 21s 2.5 s

Scotch, Feed. •• •• 263 3Os
Beans—Tick ......... 333 37s

Pigeons ...... 345 42
Peas—Grey ..•• 32s 364
Map1e........... 35 34s

White....... -... 394 424

Boilers .•....... 433 46s
Flour—Town-made... 63s 65s
Suffolk •• •• •• • 46, 50$
Stooktn & Norfolk 46s 50s

METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET.

For the time of year the imports of foreign stock con-
tinue on a very moderate scale. The supply into London
last week was only 705 head. In the corresponding period
in 1855 we received 1,090 ; in 1851, 1,202 ; in 1853, 4,225 ;
in 1852, 1,315 ; in 1651, 1,883 ; an,' in 1850, 1,241 head.