The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-17 00:00:00

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs. -
CHAPTER ll.—Causes of Supermatorrhcea and Impotence;
Early Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect.
CHAPTER Review of the various Disqualifications
of Marriage ; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the
Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
CHAPTER IV.—The Anther's plan of Treatment, Medical
and Moral, being the result of a successful practice extending
over a period of 25 years.
Gonorrhoea
and CHAPTERS
Syphilis.
hainldis.Vl. on the modern Treatment of
e
The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting
cases t
Lotizuf, which is added the Author's receipt of a preventive

work, and
"Cortis on Ain h d This is a truly valuable“
:., day Times,"
23d March, 185
"he author%
should be is. 'Manhood.—This handsn°° . 'O. and old."— -in
REVIEWS OF THE WORK.
e of youn,
publishing this
which produce dc,,aB des diseases
little work, to which ig
conferred
a d the source ot those
premature
frequently
old we
a a batly Telegraph," Y•
At home for co
March 27, 1856.
ce:UT2To;.matobreoon by
Pu
Sundays, to to 1 nsultation, `daily, from ---____ 10 till 3 and 6to 8.

MEDICAL ADVICE.
DR. LA'IVIERT
e,istered L.S.A., Honorary
Member of the I°
of the University of Rtlig? nospital Medical Society, l‘T.l)*
on all cases of Debility, x'-'eern,,(6l,e, may be CONSULTED
firmities of Youth and MaturP-y-u,aneBB'
from Six till Eight, at his residentrQra Eleven till Two, and
and on the Secret In
37, BEDFORD-sQuAnc%,
Dr. La'Mert has just published, ~,,,',""'°,,IS,7DON
merous Engravin2s and Cases. a isf,-;°.'Lxpence, with un-
SELy_pREsERv
11,,rp.dition of his Work,
which will be sent tree, in a sealed env°iNot,' „
Cornhill, London, or by the Author, foreE 37 i' - '.Bann, 39,
CONTENTS, g t stamps.
SECTION I.—The Physiology of the Generative
Uri
SECTION ll.—Puberty--Manhood -The Moral.
lye Physiology—True and False Morality. - ~enera
SECTION lll.—Marriage in its'Moral, Social, and Physical
Relations—lts Expectancies and Disappointments—
ages of Physical Contrasts in securing Healthy ofts4llan-
SECTION IV.—Spermatorrhcea and Impotence—The caisei,
of Sterility in both Sexes—Self-inflicted Miseries.
SECTION V. -The Vices of Schools—E'ffects of certhin per-
nicious habits en the mental and general faculties.

SECTION Vl.—Treatment of Nervous aiiiil(nerative De-
bility—lmpotence and Sttrility—Dangerous 'Results of
various Hazardous Specifics—The Author's Principles of
Treatment; Medical, Dietetic, and General, derived from
Twenty Years' successful practice
The above work is intended for the perusal of those who
Lave in early life been induced to swerve from the strict rules
of morality. In its pages facts of paramount utility are
brought together, wholly divested of tne delusions and incon-
sistencies so largely introduced into certain quasi medical
publications given to the world gratis, under the guise of
Philanthropy, or as "acts of gratitude," by pretended clergy-
Elea and others, whose tamperings with the constitution are
troquesitay followed by Deans musequenoes,

ORESENTS.— ORNAMENTAL, and SCIEN
TIFIC.—ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
nd Dining-room, consisting of a new and elegant assortment
of VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Inkstands,
beautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., in Italian,Alabas-
er, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &c. Imported and
manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mineralogist to her
Maie,sty, 149, Stand, W.C., London.
Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS,
MINERALS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly facilitate
the interesting study of MINERALOGY, CONCHOLOGY,
and GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas each.
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY sad MINE-
RALOG Y is given by Mr. TENNANT, at 149, Strand, W.C.

Post free for Two Stamps.
1
-1J XTRAORD IN AR Y DISCOVERY of
-A an entirely NEW THEORY of CURING DISEASE,
being the recorded Experience of 30 Years' Special Practice
in Great Britain, France, and America—with the latest
Scientific Discoveries, denominated LOCAL SELF-TREAT-
MENT, discovered abroad, and which is so simple that all can
practise for himself privately, successfully, and at the smallest
cost, thus avoiding doctors' fees and their mineral poisons.
The " NEW MODE " is an EXTRAORDINARY DIS-
COVERY for the Treatment and Self-Cure of Weakness,
Debility, Nervousness, Lassitude, Depression of Spirits, Loss
of Energy, Appetite, Pains in the Back and Limbs, Timidity,
Self-Distrust Dizziness, Want of Energy, Love of Solitude,
Groundless Fears, Palpitation of the Heart, Noises in the
Read and Ears, Indecision, Wretchedness, Impaired Sight
12d Memory, Indigestion, and Bodily Prostration of the
Whole system.

A lso,
HINTS TO THOSE CONTEMPLATING MARRIAGE.
In order that all classes may avail themselves of the above,
the Author has not and will not allow the same to be sold, but
he will forward it to those who send their address, and two
stamps for postage.
Address thus—Wm. HILL, Esq., M.A., No. 27, Alfred-place,
Bedford-square, Loudon.

S, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR
THE PANTHEON.,
nR. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo-
tliecarivs' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as
above, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive indul-
gences,

HaS Just published, price ls. by post, n
18 sealed, stamps,
No. 4,
An entire new and onal ork,
URELVS.Wentitled"
Synopsis: The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation
- The Orif;rdn of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cur
Urinary Derange-
ments Also, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all
and Marital DisqualA c ations,
M LE.
line modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Illvnnorrhagia
(Gonorrlicea), Siocrmatorrlima, Impotency, and all Diseases of
he Urinary ()mans, with Prescriptions, cite.
FEMALE.
The Physiologv and AnatOTTly Hess Womenhoice YunctionalMarriage—
Ir-
re:4l,la/tries in Health and Sick—C in
Their Expectancies awl Disappointments—The Cause and
11-emoval of Sterility--The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta-
eir
tion—Use of the Speculum, and the securing of Healthy
Offspring. Also,
and other Na. 1.
;Debility,
HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY ;
On
•DcbilitY, Nervousness, DyspepSla, and Indigestion,
No. 2.
Their • LOVE AND MARRIAGE :
,ations, Happiness, and Disappointments; Love
sprin4 RecurMeadtehes. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off-

No. 3.
100 Cases of SPERMATORRIIMAi
Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, ConfessiorS and
Cure by
To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Authors.
Advice to the Working Classes. tee Half-a-Gnineit:
Galvanism, Azo- &43. Ave.
Dr. Culverwell, consulting assistant and sale successor
his late brother, R. J. CulTerwell, M.D.
eauteris::: CA-SE BOOR

His ROYAL HIGHNESS addressed the meeting as fol
lows :—Gentlemen,--The Statistical Congress of All Na-
tions has been invited by the Government to hold its fifth
meeting in this metropolis, in conformity with the wishes
expressed by the late Congress held at Vienna in 1857.
Although under these circumstances it would have been
more properly within the province of a member of the Go-
vernment and Minister of the Crown to fill this chair and
open the proceedings of the day, as has been the case in
previous meetings of the Congress in other places, the na-
ture of the institutions and the habits of the people of the
country in which the assembly was to take place could not
fail to make itself felt and to influence its organisation. We
are people possessing and enjoying the most intense politi-
cal life, in which every question of interest or importance
to the nation is publicly canvassed and debated. The whole
nation, as it were, from the highest to the lowest, takes an
active part in these debates, and arrives at a judgment
with regard to them on the collective results of the thoughts
and opinions thus called forth. This Congress could, there-
fore, only be either a private meeting of the delegates of
different Governments, discussing special questions of in-
terest in the midst of the general bustle of political acti-
vity, or it had to assume a public and a national cha-
racter, addressing itself to the public at large, and in-
viting its co-operation. The Government have
chosen the latter alternative, and have been met by the
readiest response from all aides. They have, I think, wisely
chosen ; for it is of the utmost importance to the object the
Congress has in view—namely, not only the diffusion of
statistical information, but also the acquisition, of a general
acknoWledgment of the usefulness and importance of this
branch of human knowledge,—that the public, as a whale,
should take up the questions which are intended to be in-
vestigated, and should lend its powerful aid. Gentlemen,
this explains, and must serve as an apology for,'my presum-
ing to hold the post of your president, for which I other-
wise feel full well my unworthiness. 'When, however, the
Commissioners for the organization of the Congress ex-
pressed to me their desire that I should do so, I felt it in-
cumbent upon me not to withhold my individual co-opera-
tion, carrying with it, as it would, an assurance to the
British people that the object of the meeting was one which
had enlisted the sympathy of their Queen, and testifying
to the foreign delegates the esteem in which she holds them
personally, and her appreciation of the science which they
servo. Let me new welcome them to this country, and
welcome them on behalf of this country. It is here that
the idea of an International Statistical Congress took its
origin, when delegates and visitors from all nations had as-
sembled to exhibit in noble rivalry the products of their
science, skill, and industry in the Great Exhibition of 1851;
it is here that the statistical science was earliest developed;
and Dr. Farr has well reminded us that England has been
called, by no less an authority than Bernoulli, "the cradle
of political arithmetic," and that we may even appeal to
our Domesday Book as one of the most ancient and com-
plete monuments of the science in existence. It is this
country also which will and must derive the greatest bene-
fits from the achievements of this science, and which will
consequently have most cause to be grateful to you for the
result of your labours. Gentlemen, old as your science is,
and undeniable as are the benefits which it has ren-
dered to mankind, it is yet little understood by the multi-
tude, new in its acknowledged position among the other
sciences, and still subject to many vulgar prejudices. It
is little understood, for it is dry and unpalatable to the
general public in its simple arithmetical expressions repre-
senting living facts (which as such are capable of arousing
the liveliest sympathy) in dry figures and tables for com-
parison. Much labour is required to wade through endless
columns of figures, much patience to master them, and some
skill to draw any definite and safe conclusions from the
mass of material which it presents to the student ; while
the value of the information offered depends exactly upon
its bulk, increasing in proportion with its quantity and com-
prehensiveness ; it has been little understood also from the
peculiar and often unjustifiable use which has been made
of it; for the very fact of its difficulty and the patience re-
quired in reading up and verifying the statistical figures
which may be referred to by an author in support of his
theories and opinions protect him, to a certain extent, from
scrutiny, and tempt him to draw largely upon so convenient
and available a capital. The public generally connect, there-
fore, in their minds statistics, if not with unwelcome taxa-
tion (for which they naturally form an important basis),
certainly with political controversies, in which they are in
the habit of seeing public men making use of the most
opposite statistical results with equal assurance in support
of the most opposite arguments. A great and distinguished
French Minister and statesman is even quoted as having
boasted of the invention of what he is said to have called
" l'art de grouper les chiffres ;" but if the same ingenuity
and enthusiasm which may have suggested to him this art
should have tempted him or others, as historians, to group
facts also, it would be no more reasonable to make the histori-
cal facts answerable for the use made of them, than it would
be to make statistical science responsible for many an in-
genious financial statement. Yet this science has suffered
materially in public estimation by such use, although the
very fact that statesmen, financiers, physicians, and natu-
ralists should seek to support their statements and doc-
trines by statistics shows conclusively that they all acknow-
ledge them as the foundation of truth, and this ought,
therefore, to raise instead of depressing the science in the
general esteem of the public. Statistical science is, as I
have said, comparatively new in its position among the
sciences in general, and we must look for the cause of this
tardy recognition to the fact, that it has the appearance of
an incomplete science, and of being rather a helpmate to
other sciences than having a right, to claim that title for
itself. But this is an appearance only ; for if pure statistics
abstain from participating in the last and highest aim of all
science--viz., the discovery and expounding the laws which
govern the universe,—and leave this duty to their more
favoured, sisters, the natural and political sciences, this is
done with conscious self-abnegation, for the purpose of pro-
tecting the purity and simplicity
ofthemiraysaocrreedantasbke mad
—thee
accumulation and verification of facts, unbiassed by any
consideration of the ulterior use whichof them. Those general laws, therefore, in the knowledge
of which we recognize one of the highest treasures of man
on earth, are left unexpressed, though rendered self-appa.
rent, as they may be read in the uncompromising, rigid
figures placed before him. It is difficult to see how, under
such circumstances, and notwithstanding this self-imposed
abnegation, statistical science, as such, should be subject to
prejudice, reproach, and attack; and yet the fact cannot be
denied. We hear it said that its prosecution leads neces-
sarily to Pantheism and the destruction of true religion, as
depriving:in man's estimation, the Almighty of His power of
free self-determination, making His world a mere machine,
working according to a general pre-arranged scheme, the parts
of which are capable of mathematical measurement, and the
scheme itself of numerical expression ; that it loads to
fatalism, and therefore deprives man of his dignity, of his
virtue and morality, as it would prove him to be a mere
wheel in this machine, incapable of exercising a free choice
of action, but predestined to fulfil a given task and to run a

prescribed course, whether for good or for evil. These are
grave accusations, and would be terrible indeed if they were
true. But are they true ? Is the power of God destroyed
or diminished by the discovery of the fact that the earth
requires 365 revolutions upon its own axis to every revolu-
tion round the sun, giving us so many days to our year, and
that the moon changes 13 times during that period, that the
tide changes every six hours, that water boils at a tempe-
rature of 212 degrees according to Fahrenheit, that the
nightingale sings only in April and May, that all birds lay
eggs, that 106 boys are born to every 100 girls ? Or is man
a less free agent because it has been ascertained that a
generation lasts about thirty years, that there are annually
posted at the post-offices the same number of letters on
which the writer had forgotten to place any address; that
the number of crimes committed under the same local,
national, and social conditions is constant; that tho full-
grown man ceases to find amusement in the sports of the
child ? But our statistical science does not even say that
this must be so ; it only states that it has been so, and leaves
it to the naturalist or political economist to argue that it is
probable, from the number of times in which it has been
found to be so, that it will be so again as long as the same
causes are operating. It thus gave birth to that part of
mathematical science called the calculation of probabilities,
and even established the theory that in the natural world
there exist no certainties at all, but only probabilities. Al-
though this doctrine, destroying man's feeling of security
to a certain extent, has startled and troubled some, it is no
less true that, while we may reckon with a thoughtless
security on the sun rising to-morrow, this is only a proba-
ble event, the probability of which is capable of being ex-
pressed by a determined mathematical fraction. Our in-
surance offices have, from their vast collection of statistical
facts, established to such a precision the probable duration
of man's life that they are able to enter with each individual
into a precise bargain on the value of this life ; and yet this
does not imply an impious pretension to determine when
this individual is really to die. But we are met also by the
most opposite objection, and statistics are declared useless,
because they cannot be relied on for the determination of
any given case, and do only establish probabilities where
man requires and asks for certainty. This objection is well
founded, but it does not affect the science itself, but solely
the use which man has in vain tried to make of it, and for
which it is not intended. It is the essense of the statistical
science that it only makes apparent general laws, but that
these laws are inapplicable to any special case ; that, there-
fore, what is proved to be law in general is uncertain in
particular. Herein lies the real refutation also of the
first objection, and thus is the power, wisdom, and
goodness of the Creator manifested, showing how tke
Almighty has established the physical and moral world
on unchangeable laws conformable to His eternal nature,
while He has allowed to the ineividual the freest
and fullest use of his faculties, vindicating at the
same time the majesty of His laws by their remaining un-
affected by individual self-determination. Gentlemen, I
am almost ashamed to speak such homely truths (of which I
feel myself at best to be a very inadequate exponent) to a
meeting like this, including men of such eminence in the
science, and particularly in the presence of one who was
your first President, M. Quetelet, and from whom I had the
privilege, now 21 years ago, to receive my first instruction in
the higher branches of mathematics—one who has so suc-
cessfully directed his great abilities to the application of the
science to those social phenomena, the discovery of the
governing laws of which can only be approached by the
accumulation and reduction of statistical facts. It is the
social condition of mankind, as exhibited by those facts,
which form the chief object of the study and investigation
undertaken by this Congress, and it hopes that the results
of its labours will afford to the statesman and legislator a
sure guide in his endeavours to promote social development
and happiness. The importance of these international
congresses in this respect cannot be overrated. They not
only awaken public attention to the value of these pursuits,
bring together men of all countries who devote their lives
to them, and who are thus enabled to exchange their
thoughts and varied experiences; but they pave the way
to an agreement among different Governments and nations
to follow up these common inquiries, in a common spirit,
by a common method and for a common end. It is only
in the largest number of observations that the law becomes
apparent, and the truth becomes more and more to be
relied upon, the larger the amount of facts accurately
observed which form the basis of its elucidation. It is con-
sequently of the highest importance that observations iden-
tical in character should embrace the largest field of obser-
vation attainable. It is not sufficient, however, to collect the
statistical facts of one class over the greatest area and to the
fullest amount, but we require, in order to arrive at sound
conclusions as to the influences operating in producing
these facts, the simultaneous collection of the greatest variety
of facts, the statistics of the increase of population, of mar-
riages, births, and deaths, of emigration, disease, crime,
education, and occupation, of the products of agriculture,
mining, and manufacture, of the results of trade, commerce,
and finance. Nor, while their comparison becomes an essen-
tial element in the investigation of our social condition, does
it suffice to obtain these observations as a whole, but we re-
quire also, and particularly, the comparison of these same
classes of facts in different countries, under the varying in-
fluences of political and religious conditions, of occupation,
races, and climates. And even this comparison of the same
facts in different localities does not give us all the necessary
materials from which to draw our conclusions; for we re-
quire, as much as anything else, the collection of observa-
tions of the same classes of facts in the same localities and
under the same conditions, but at different times. It is only
the element of time, in the last instance, which enables us
to test progress or regress—that is to say, life. Thus
the physician, by feeling the pulse of the greatest num-
ber of persons coming under his observation, old and
young, male and female, and at all seasons, arrives at the
average number of the pulsations of the he'art in man's
normal condition ; by feeling the pulse of the same person
under the most varied circumstances and conditions, he ar-
rives at a conclusion on this person's pulse ; again, by
feeling the pulse of the greatest variety of pessons suffering
from the same disease, he ascertains the general condition of
the pulse under the influence of that disease; it is now only
that, feeling a particular patient's pulse, he will be able to
judge whether this person is afflicted by this peculiar dis-
ease, as far as that can be ascertained by its influence on the
e even
pulse. But all these comparisons of the different classes of
facts under different local conditions, and at different times,
of which
ebeen s speaking,to the
po
s depend,sibili
ty onf outnodne only
undertaking
nt
them
r
usefulness and as to the ease with which they can be un-
dertaken,
I buthav
at all, on the similarity, nay, congruity, of the method em-
ployed and the expressions, figures, and conditions selected
sown
condition,
? task
Gentlemen,
t o producescie
scientifically
eathe thisll y
Congresselaborated
br
under which the observations have been taken, Does, then,
the world at large not owe the deepest obligations to a Con-
gress such as the one I am addressing, which bas made it
its especial
assimilation,t e
hda
sa
nandadt ti ots
reduced place
at the command of man the accumulated experience upon
i
in a manner to enable the meanest intellect to draw safe
conclusions
vari-
ous meetings succeeded in doing a great deal in this di-
rection ; the official statistics of all countries have been
improved, and in regard to the census the recommen-
dations of the Brussels meeting have been generally car-
ried out in a majority of States. I am sorry to have to
admit the existence of some striking exceptions, in
England in this respect ; for instance, the census of Greet
Britain and Ireland was not taken on precisely the same
plan in essential particulars, thereby diminishing its value
fer general purposes. The judicial statistics of England
and Wales do not slim a complete comparative view of the
operation of our judicial establishments ; nor, while we are
in all the departments of the State most actively engaged
in the preparation of valuable statistics, can we deny cer-
tain defects in oar returns, which must be traced to the
want of such a central authority or commission as was re-
commended by the Congress at Brussels and Paris, to direct
on a general plan all the great statistical operations to be
prepared by the various departments. Such a commission
would be most useful in preparing an annual digest of the
colonies, and of our vast Indian empire. From such a
our widely-scattered
statistics of the United Kingdom, of
digest the most important results could not fail to be
elicited. One of the most useful results of the labours of
the Congress has been the common agreement of all States
to inquire into the causes of every death, and to return the
deaths from the same causes under synonymous names,
sanctioned by the Congress. It has in this instance set
the example of establishing what is most desirable in
all
difficulty
branches aanrcr
jlaNei snt
terms.
mf
ast.
sTu such
h
statistics,There
ought to exist no greater
namely, the agreement
an agreement in the case
of the various crimes than in that of " causes of death ;"
and it must he remembered that it is one of the first tasks
and duties of every science to start with a definition of
terms. What is it that is meant by a house, a family, an
upon
other
well-defined
adult, an educated or an uneducated person, by murder,
manslaughter, and so on ? It is evident that as long as a
different sense is attached to these terms in different returns
their use for comparison is nil, and for simple study very
much deteriorated ; and still we have not yet arrived at such
a simple and obvious desideratum l The different weights,
measures, and currencies in which different statistics are
expressed cause further difficulties and impediments. Sug-
gestions with regard to the removal of these have been made
at former meetings, and will no doubt be renewed. We fancy
here that our pound, as the largest available unit, with its
florin, offers great advantages, particularly if further sub-
divided decimally. We hope to lay before you, as far as
Great Britain is concerned, the Registrar- General's analysis
of the causes of death and the dangers that people encounter
at each period of life ; complete returns of the produce of
our mines ; the agricultural returns of Ireland, in which
the Registrar-General of that country has given every year
the breadth of land under every kind of crop, with an esti-
mate of its produce as well as its value, and has
proved by

M. Da CARVALHO MOREIRA, the Brazilian Minister, on
behalf of the foreign delegates, begged to express their pro-
found admiration of the address to which they had listened;
in the most elevated language it pointed out with prec,sion,
and defined with clearness, the objects the Congress had in
view. To that tribute of admiration be begged to add the
warmest expression of their obligation and thanks.
The PRINCE CONSORT then declared the Congress
opened, and adjourned the meeting till 10 o'clock this day.