The Sun.
London, England, 1860-02-29 00:00:00

9, /7.

PHCE 4D. STAMPED, 5 r).

TuE TREATY OF COMMERCE WITH

FRAATE.

The following is an additional article to the Treaty
of Commerce, concluded at Paris on the 23d of
January, 1860, between her Majesty and the
Emperor of the French, signed at Paris on • the
25th of February,lB6o, and ratifications exchanged
at Paris on the 28th of February, 1860,:
" By Article VIII. of the Treaty of Commerce be-
tween her Majesty the Queen of the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland and his Majesty
the Emperor of the French, signed at Paris on, the
23d of January last, her Britannic. Majesty under-
took to recommend to Parliament the admission
into the United Kingdom of brandies and- spirits
imported from France at a duty exactly equal to the
Excise duty levied upon home-made spirits, with
the addition of a surtax of 2d. a-gallon, which would
make the actual duty payable on French brandies
Bs. 2d. a-gallon. Since the ratification of the said
treaty the Government of her Britannic Majesty
have ascertained that the surtax of 2d. a-gallon is
not sufficient to countervail the charges with which
in consequence of the operation of the laws of Cus-
toms and.ExCise, home-made British spirits have
now to contend ; and that a surtax limited to the
rate of 2d. a gallon would still leave home made
British spiriti subject to a differefitial- duty in
favour of foreign brandies and spirits.
Consequently, the Government of her Britannic
Majesty having represented these circumstances to
the Government of his Majesty the Emperor of the
French, and his Imperial Majesty having consented
that the amount of the said surtax shall be increased
the two high contracting parties to the said treaty
of commerce do, by the present additional article,
"a-gret-that-the amount of. such .surtax shall b0:5444
a-gallon, and her Britannic Majesty engages to
recommend to Parliament the admission into the
United Kingdom of brandies and spirits imported
from France at a duty exactly equal to the Excise
duty levied upon homemade spirits, with the addi-
tion of a surtax of sd. a gallon.
"The present additional article shall have the
same force and validity as if it had been inserted
in the Treaty of Commerce of the 23d of January
last.

" It shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof
shall be exchanged at Paris within five days from
the date of its signature.
" In witness whereof the respective Plenipoten-
tiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
"Done at Paris this 25th day of February, in
the year of our Lord 1860.

" COWLBT.
" E. BA ROCHE.
" E. ROUHER."

THE GALE-MARINE _DISASTERS.

44,5 r
""
'
A letter from Vienn
Central Italian questio‘ `TererMr, Pe 'slo-7 to
ua
new phase. It must be coteadeclatat - proposi-
tions made by the British confided
men 'have not
been accepted by Russia, as that Power new pro-
poses the formation of a separate kingdom in Cen;•
tral Italy. The Russian project has been forwarded,
to Prussia, France, England, and Austria, and there
are persons in this city who pretend to know that
it has be_. 7*-7---;>,,,V the. Berlin cabinet. The
diplomaticaildTtppears to attach some importapeO
to the proposition of Russia, but it is ley no means
likely that it will find favour with all the Powers.
This Government svill continue to insist on the
claims of the house of llapeburg•Lorraine to Tns-t
cany and Modena, and to declare that it will not
consent to the establishment of a Central Italian
Kingdom, unless a member of the Imperial family'
is placed at its head. The British and French_
Cabinets will naturally object to such an arrange-,
merit, and alter sonic weeks have been spent in ne-
gotiating it will become evident that the affairs of
Central Italy cannot be settled in the way proposed
by Russia. Until very recently I was inclined to'
think that the war would Lot be reviewed in Italye
but the armaments of Sardinia are on such an ex-'
tensive scale that it is almost imporaibie to doubt
that mischief is meant. On the 22d inst. the Lent'
florsefeir began at Munich, and the principal pur-:
ihasers were Swiss and South Tyrolese dealers, who'
were supposed to be acting as agents for the Sar-'
dinian Government. It is wed known that the'
French army in Lombardy has been minim eed, and'
that Marshal Valliant has concluded fresal contracts'
for supplies, but still the military authorities deny:
that the Austrian forces in Venetia and thrthe Tyrof
have been augmented. It is possible that t hey speak
the truth, but hardly probable ; as almost every-
General officer whom one meets firmly believes that
hostilities will be resumed in the spring. The re-
ports from Venice are extremely sad. During the-
Carnival. there have been neither public-for private
amusements of any kind, and the city, which was
formerly " the pleasant piece, of all festivity, the
revel of the earth, the masque of Italy," is now very
empty; and dull. There- are put leW, eiklngers at.
Venice, and many of the natives of the Pelee are-
absent. some of them haVe crossed the It-Outlet'
`sire in 'the coiliftry; and very
many have been seized, and cast into Austrian pri-
sons. The n•ieste Zeituny learns from Venice that
not more than 140 persons have been sent to the
fortresses of Peterwardein and Ohnutz, but it is
believed here that some hundreds of persons have
recently iteen arrested in Padua, Verona, Mantua,
&e. Not long since a deputation of the Municipal
Council of Verona waited on Count Dagenfeld, and
informed him that the numerous arrests by night
produced a very unfavourable impression on the in-
habitants of the city. The Commander-in-Chief of
the Second Army received the deputation civilly
enough, but declared that the arrests which gave -
such umbrage to the cit izens of Verona were merely.
" measures of precaution " In an imperial rescript
which has been published in Venice it is said that
all those persons who have quitted the country in
order to avoid serving in the army shall be par-
doned if they return to their homes before the end
of May. It is, however, added that they will have
to enter the army if they are ablebodied men. When
the Chevalier You Toegenburg took the direction of
the Stadtholderate at Venice he summoned his sub-
,-
ordinates to his presence, and told them that it was .
their duty to serve the State and its chief in their
plicate as well as their public capacity. In the ,
course of his speech the Stadtholder stated that any
foreign emissaries who might fall into the hands of
the authorities would be brought before the drum-
head court and punished according to their deserts.
'I he commission appointed to examine into the
manipulation of the Commissariat Department at
Verona is said to have made some strange disco-
veries, but it is not in my power to give any details
on the subject, as such matters are always kept ex-
tremely seerct in Austria. It is, however, related
that more than one of the parties concerned has
gone for the benefit of his health to Sardinia. Tho
Austrian and Sardinian pickets are continually
bickering, and a few days ago three Piedmonteso
ear bineers crossed the frontier near Valeggio, and
laid violent hands on certain goods and chattels be-
longing to a member of the Austrian finance guard.
As it is seriously the question of launching the
thunders of the Church against the King of Sar-
dinia if he should proclaim the incorporation of
the Romagna, it may not be out of place to give
the Bishop of Segur s definition of the difference
between the minor and major excommunication. In
the one case the name of the person excommuni-
cated is not publicly mentioned ; in the other it is
made known to the world. A person who is under
the ban major is forbidden to enter a church, and if
he does so the sacred edifice is desecrated, and can-
not be used for sacred purposes until the ceremony
of re-consecration has been performed by the bishop.
A monarch who dies while under the anathema of
the Church cannot be buried in coast ated ground,
and his name cannot be inserted in the Liturgy.
The minor interdict can be removed by a common
priest, but the heavier ban can only he taken off by
the Pope or his legate. It strikes me that more
than one person of high rank in this empire would
be well pleased if the King of Sardinia should be

publicly excommunicated, but the Pope cannot ven-
ture to have recourse to such an extreme measure,
a.; King Victor Emmanuel is not the man to bow

his neck before the Papal Government. On Sunday,
the 19th inst., ten cardinals were busily employed
in drawing up a reply to M. de Thouvenel's last
despatch. Ravenna is to be declared a " national"
port. A collection is being made among the jour-
neymen and apprentices of Vienna for his Holiness,
but the sum raised will hardly be very large. Re-
cruits are still raised in Austria for the Pope and
the King of Naples, but the papers are not allowed
to make any mention of the circumstance.
The Ultramontane Tro/kVreund was confiscated
yesterday. As no game is too small for the autho-
rities whose duty it is to look after the press, they
a few days ago confiscated the Musical and :thea-
trical licriete for remarking that it might be well
to raise the prices in the Burg Theatre, and to dimi-
Inish the number of free tickets.
The news that the British Government had a
majority of 116 last night has led to a rise oft per
cent. in the foreign exchanges. People here had
flattered themselves that the Whigs would soon b.
obliged to retire from office.

HEALTH OF LONDON LURING THE
WEEK.

(From the Report of the Registrar-General.)
The sickness which is now so generally diffused
throughout, the metropolitan population,eontinues
to develop itself in a high rate of mortality.
deaths registered in London, which rose in The
the pre-
viousl week to 1,454, increased in the weekthatenced last Saturday (Feb. 25), whet: the deaths of
1,500 persons were registered. In the ten years
1850.59 the averaga number of deaths in the cor-
responding week was 1,227 ; bat as the deaths re-
turned. last week occurred in an increased popula-
tion, the average to admit of comparison should bo
raised proportionally to the increase, namely, to
1,349. It appears, therefore, that the deaths oflast
week exceeded by 151 the number which the aver-
age rate of mortality would have produced.
The births registered exceeded the deaths by 464.
Of the 1,500 deaths, 724 occurred under 20 years
of' age, 188 in the period 20 to 40 years, 228 at 40
to 60, 291 at GO to 80, and 63 at the age of 80 and
upwards. Of these. six were deaths of nortogena-
rians ; and the widow of a hatter, residing in Friar-
street, Southwark, had attained, it is said, the age
of 101 years.
Of 1,500 deaths, 256 are referred in the returns
to the zymotic class of diseases, 271 to the constitu-
tional, 728 to the local, 171 to the developmental
class, and 42 to violence. Of the 42 under the last
head, 38 were accidental, two were by homicide,
and .2 by suicide. The deaths from bronchitis,
which in the previous week were 250, were almost
precisely the same last week, the number being 231.
From pneumonia (inflammetion of the lungs) 131
persons died, and from phthi-is, or consumption,.
171. In the zymotic class small-pox proved fatal
in 39 cases, while scarlatina carried off 33 persons,
diphtheria 15, typhus and common fever 22, and
whooping-cough as many as 63 children, the 13 UM.
her dying in the preceding week from this disease
being 40. A commercial traveller is reported, to
have died from a shock togtelmieer:,etrovfouuslesyhdit,9ae
ow
girls,
occa-
sioned by witnessing a railway accident ; he h
37
ever, suffered from enlar
rt.
Last week the births of 977 bo •-
weeksof the
in all 1,964 children, were registered3.and
years in essrod
5n9.
In the ten corresponding
theAatetehreagßei,nyramllobebas•earyNa.astlol,73r3B.
height of the barometer. in ili'letawe
:11:11rieurshdizgl highest baronet; ieal Ic Greenwich,m2t9l776mBe
in.an
y, when it was Wilt' h reading occurred on
tem-
perature of the air in the week vtra,s 34.5ethigea,nwhichis 4.3 deg below the average et the same week in
43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaishtr). The
mean daily temperature was below the average on
every day except Sunday, and on Friday the de-
pression was as much as 7 6 deg. The highest point
attained was 24.3 deg. on Friday night. The range
of the week was therefore 23 7 eeg. The mean
daily range was 131 deg. The difference between
the mean dew,point temperature and the mean air
temperature was 5.4 deg. The mean degree of
humidity of the air was 82, complete saturation
being represented by 100. The mean temperature
ef the water of the Thames was 36.8 deg. The
direction cf the wind was variable. Rain fell in
small quantity in the early part of the week.