The Sun.
London, England, 1856-05-02 00:00:00

THE WEATHER-SUN OFFICE, MIY 2.

THERMOMETER, IN THR SHADE.
48—highest since noon yesterday.
42—lowest this morning and during the night.
50—this day at noon.
BAROMETER, 30.03. It has risen nearly half-an-incl,
since yesterday.
WIND, N.N.W.—Light, with improving weather.

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LONDON, FRIDAY, MAY 2, 1856.

Mr. WHITESIDE'S motion, respecting the fall
of Kars, has been rejected by a very decided ma-
jority. No less than 303 Honourable Gentle-
men voted in favour of her MAJESTY'S Govern
ment, while 176 endorsed the formidable bill of
indictment preferred against them. Several causes
however led to this result. There was, as we
stated on Monday, a serious division in the
Derbyite Camp. Many of the party considered
the attack premature, and that it might more
judiciously be made a portion of the charges
against the Ministry, when the entire conduct of
the war, and its most lame and impotent conclu-
sion were brought under the consideration of the
House. These "neutrals" arrayed themselves
under the flag of Mr. KER. SEvmEn—and num-
bered, including tellers, 54 votes, which, on the
division, made a difference of 108. Had they
supported the original motion the majority would
have been reduced from 127 to 19, a, matter on
which the Cabinet could not greatly have prided
itself.

But there was something more than mere
numbers to he taken into account. All the argu-
ments adduced on either side were in favour of
the Opposition. The brilliant oratory and con-
clusive reasoning of Mr. WHITESIDE, Sir. E.
BULWER LYTTON, and Mr. DISRA.ELI remained
unanswered, as it was unanswerable, while the
Ministerialists either attempted to shift the blame
to other shoulders, or made appeals ad. miser',
cordiam, praying for a plenary amnesty for
acknowledged offences. Sir JAMES GRAHAM made
a very powerful speech in favour of the motion,
against which herecorded his vote. With the single
exception of Lord PALMERSTON not a single wen •
ber attempted to justify the Government, or the
chief. delinquent, Llrd STRITFORD DE REDCLIFFE.
The main object of the motion, which, as Mr.
DrsneEEl truly declared, was not intended to occa-
sion an immediate overthrow of the Administra•
tion, was thus accomplished, and Lord PALMER-
STON may find that such a victory is far morn to
be deprecated, than a succession of defeats similar
to those to which he has become " case har-
dened," and is comp tratively indifferent, inas-
much as they do not involve the surrender of the
sweets of office--to the emoluments and patronage
Rh ereof even the most patriotic and unselfish
members on both sides of the base are by no
means insensible.

We care not whether the entire conduct of the
War from the alpha to the omega, the beginning
to the end, is to be Considered as a wiaole, or
whether that portion of it relating to the War in
Asia be solely takan into account ! In either
ease the judgment must be adverse to her
MAJ,ESTY'S Government, and to the secret and
unconstitutional influences that control its deci-
sions. That the fall of Kars, and the acquisitions
of Russia in Asiatic Turkey, materially affected
the position of the enemy at the Conferences of
Paris, and enabled her to claim, and to obtain
far better term; is indisputable. It was, vir-
tually, the set-off against the capture of Sebastopol,
and the operations in the Euxine and Sea of Azoff.
It maintained the prestige of Russia with the
Asiatic Courts, one of the first fruits whereof
was perceptible in the diplomatic difficulty with
Persia. It enabled the aggressor to retire
without humiliation, or loss of substantial powers,
one of the objects, to the attainment whereof all
the efforts of " Germanism" were directed. It
virtually led to " The Precious Treaty," the in-
auspicious peace, which England should mourn in
sackcloth and ashes. And all this might have been
avoided, if General WILLIAms had, in duo time,
been recognised by the English Governmemt, and
obtained a credit of some 50,0001. or 60, 000'.,
scarcely more than the amount squandered o u the
Naval Review and the quasi rejoicings, in which
the great body of the people will not particip.ste.
As the Right Honourable Member for Bucks truly

declared, the sum that might have been contri-
buted for a successful railway speculator, the sum
that every hour we are called upon to contribute
for some meritorious but obscure instance of meri-
torious conduct, would have sawed Ktrs. But
neither men nor money were forthcoming. The
Government acted, not merely as if the conquest
of Sebastopol was of primary importance, but as
though the fate of Kars was a matter cf the
most perfect indifference. And that, although
the ABERDEEN Ministry, with which they take
especial care not to identify themselves, had not
been affected by the gross negligence respecting
the War in Asia, which was the first move in
" the House that JACK built" for his own occu-
pation, but which became the pleasant residence
of some of his quondam. colleagues. Tha debate
just concluded has been but one of many that
must arise. For the time being Ministers have
achieved a triumph ; but it is one on which they
cannot pride themselves, and which must greatly
conduce to that point to which all minds are now
directed—a speedy appeal to the country—and
the verdict of the Grand Inquest of the Nation
on all the events connected with the conduct of
the War, from its very commencement to its ill-
omened conclusion.

Reform or Revolution, one or the other, is now
—it will not be so long—at the option of the
despotic rulers of Italy. There is a limit to
human endurance, and that limit there is every
reason to believe has been arrived at by the
Italian people. According to general precedent,
their oppressors are the last to remain in igno-
rance of the danger impending over them. That
danger, however, is none the less imminent, and
it is to be hoped the Governments of this country,
Sardinia, and we suppose we must arid France,
who do recognise it, will be prompt and energetic
in their endeavours to make the Governments of
Rome and Naples share their convictions. It is
no ordinary yoke under which the people labour,
Ind no ordinary wrongs they require to have
righted, or will most infallibly avenge. Cities
for years in a state of siege, with foreign as well
as native mercenaries and cut-throats in occupa-
tion, their every action controlled, liberty of
speech and thought, even liberty of motion, look,
caste, and domestic privacy denied them, subjected
to daily and hourly arrests with or without the
shadow of a just cause—every prison crowded
with their best and noblest, a spy or a bravo in
every nook and behind every bush—no honest
man's life safe—such are the chief items of the
unholy catalogue. Terrible, if not anticipated by
the concession of good government, must he the
expiation. It will not be the Austrian or French
Armies of occupation, nor both united, that will
resist the revolutionary torrent ; and whatever be
the case with Austria, it will hardly be from
France further materials for resistance will be
forthcoming. The French soldiery will be wanted
at home.

For our part, we look with apprehension on the
prospect, not because of any misgivings as to how
such a revolution is likily to affect us,
but from regard to humanity, aid from a sincere
devotion to well-ordered liberty. If good govern-
ment is to be had without revolution, we would
not have the chance of getting good government
risked by revolution. Good government is too
priceless a treasure for that. Worthy of every
sacrifice—it is worthy of reasonable forbearance
—of abstinence from the rigid exaction of.puni-
tive justice. Had, however, it must be, and
we trust the interference of England and Sar-
dinia may prove of a nature to' obviate the neces-
sity of a revolution to attain it. Tf the Court of
Rome has not lost all claim to a nputation for
sagacity, it must on their representationi, and
under all the circumstances, b prepared to recog-
nise without much difficulty the necessity of
secularising the Government of the Roman
people, and of the organisation of a Ministry
worthy of their cpnalenc3, so as to render the
POPE independent of, foreign support, and do
away with a spectacle scanialous to all Christen-
dom—a Christian Pontiff reizninz temporally
only by the grace of foreign bayonets. As for
Naples, that pitiless baboon FERDINAND has shown
himself sensible, as one-headed tyrants usually
are, to fear, and, one way or other, it is just pos-
sible he may be sufficiently work3d upon to empty
his prisons of political pris )Hers, cut dowu his
armies of cut-throats and spies, and suffer his
people to breathe a little of the air of liberty. If
France and Austria be wise they will furnish him
with to the full as strong motives fur such a con-
cession as Sardinia and England. Meanwhile,
ternp its ftwit.