The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-19 00:00:00

LIE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, MAY 19, 1360.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
65—highest since noon yesterday.
48 —lowest this morning and during the night.
65—this day at noon.

BAROMETER—Morning, 29.45 ; now up to 29.85.
-WlND—Westerly; light, with fine warm weather.

HIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
This DAY.—Morning, 12h. 44m.—Afternoon, lh. 3m.
To-MORROW.-Morning, lh. 23m.—Afternoon, lh. 43rn .

44v, q 437)
;
e
• •
2._ 0.

THE SUN.
LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 19, 1860.

The reply of Lord DERBY to the Deputation this
morning does nct justify Mr. GLADSTONE'S confi-
dence. His Lordship seems to think it quite
within the range of "possibility," that the Lords
should exercise their undoubted right, whatever
some of us may think of the prudence of doing so.
His Lordship is very decided on the financial ques-
tion, and as to the arguments of the resolution and
petitions, that the rejection of the Bill would be a re-
surpation ofthe privileges of the people, derogatory
to the Crown, and so forth, the only reply vouch-
safed was a smile and a shake of the head. It is
plain that, up to this hour, Lord DERBY is deter-
mined to persevere. He declares himself to have
been wholly unaware of the intention of Lord
MONTEAGLE, one of the supporters, usually, of her
MAJESTY'S Government, to give the notice which,
when given, he felt it his duty so cordially to support.
He believes that the country at large will approve
of his conduct, and he, therefore, will have no fear of
extreme consequences. We must, probably, under-
stand him to mean that if the Government sees fit

to resign, he is ready to take office ; or, that should
it appeal to the country itself, he is ready to
meet it before even that tribunal. Unless, therefore,
anything occurs to change the present aspect of
affairs, it would seem that the Bill will be rejected,

and the paper duties be retained for another year.
Such is the consequence of Mr. GLADSTONE'S having
• sacrificed so much of our revenue to France. Our
own Excise duties must be retained to fa-sour the
country which is compelling us to double our esti-
mates.

In 1849 Lord PALMERSTON said in the Britith
Parliament—f‘ If the war being fought out by supe-
rior forces, Hungary should entirely be crushed,
Austria in that battle will have crushed her own
right arm, Every field that is laid waste is an
Austrian resource destroyed every man that
perishes upon the field among the Hungarian ranks
is an Austrian soldier deducted from the defensive
forces of the empire. . . The success of Austria,
if it is simply a success of force, will inflict a deep
wound on the fabric and frame of the Austrian
empire." It needed, indeed, no inspired prophet
to foresee this ; but the despot family, and their
selfish German counsellors in 1849, were too blind
to perceive what even a human prophet could fore-
tell with certainty. They are beginning to see it
Dow, but to see it with unwilling eyes and

hardened hearts. The hour is now come for -
them to feel that their " right arm was,
indeed, crushed ;" when beaten at all points, they
overpowered the brave Hungarians by the help of
the arch- despot, who has since gone to his account,
and hung.her patriot generals at Arad. Ever
since that time they have lost the flower of their
army, and have had nothing but heavy spiritless
Germans, and a medley of barbarians, to fill up the
place of the brave and ardent Magyars. Austria
really lost Lombardy in 1849.
And what must now be her misery ! Reduced
to forming a paper combination with her late Italian
satraps—her exiles from the territories they and
she so wistfully look on—a combination of the halt
naked and the naked—the POPE, the EMPEROR,
and the DUKES—to hide their shame again so soon
as events may permit. None of them able to pro-
mise the one thing needed to control such
events—the armies and the money by whieh
alone despots keep their thrones, and re-
gain them when lost, And almost as mor-
tifying must it be to look southwards, and
to see the fright and terror ofa young brother despot.
Time was, and not so long ago, when if Austria
saw Naples in danger of becoming a liberal and
constitutional Government it could march off five-
and-twenty thousand men, and put down liberty
in a trice ; but that time is gone—gone, we hope,
for ever. " Her right arm is crushed"--
crushed and powerless for her, but not crushed
if there be an opening to use it against
her. A Hungarian Legion rapidly forming in
Italy showed the -vigour which there was still in
Hungary, but it was vigour which only the touch
of liberty could impart. So at this moment, while
Austria must be gnashing her teeth at GARIBALDI,
and inwardly fretting over the dangers of the
young BOURBON, she dare not spare a soldier to
help her brother in distress. The intervention of
Austria in Naples would be the opportunity of
Hungary.
The latest correspondence from Pesth and Vienna
alike shows that Hungary is determined, and the
Cabinet of Vienna not to be convinced. The special
business of "the patent" for the Protestants, and
the general one of the restoration of the reformed
constitution of 1848, are still the points on which
Hungarians are firm, and the minority at Vienna
obstinate, though of necessity obliged to condescend
to a little bargaining. Count TIIUN, the author of
" the patent," seems to be a thoroughly proud man.
The crisis is so pressing that lie appears to have
nearly incurred dismissal, but with all his pride he
seems to have preferred changing his policy to
• losing office ; and we are now told that it is morally
certain that he will be constrained to reverse his
whole course in regard to the Protestants. It
should be remembered that Protestantism has
always in Hungary been quite as much a political
• as a religious-question, and that Roman Catholics,
in consequence, are energetic supporters of the
i Protestant demands.

General BENEDEK himself, seems to have been
almost converted by his residence, even for so
short a time in Hungary. He has been back to
Vienna, and all accounts agree that it has been to
plead for the necessity of conceding to Hungarian
views. The main point in the demands of the
Magyars is that the administration of Hungary
shall be entirely separate from that of Austria, and
that the Emperor of AUSTRIA shall reign
as Crowned King of Hungary, through
a Constitutional Government. There is not a more
remarkable constitution in Europe than that of
Hungary ; and it was reciving the improvements
and adaptations to modern times which it needed
when it was " superEcded" after the Russian sub-
jugation in 1819—superseded, as was then de-
' signed, with the belief that it would never be re-
gained by the overpowered inhabitants—and it has
remained suspended till this day.
There never was, however, perhaps anything
more remarkable in the long and often sad, as well
as glorious, history of Hungary than the way in
which she has repeatedly sprung to her feet after
being apparently wholly prostrated beneath crush-
ing numbers, generally aided by treason and fraud.
The perfidy and persecuting superstition of the
Hapsburgs is, of course, an ever recurring story ;
yet, through her county municipal institutions, and
her Diet, and the bravery of her sons, Hungary has
continued to retain much of the reality of
liberty ; it seems indestructible in the 11€ arts
of the people ; and after each violent
attack, and each apparent triumph of fraud and
force, a:decade or two has passed away, and again
the spirit of freedom has found means to display
itself in some fresh struggle, and even, generally, to
win back some or all of the old rights and fran-
chises.

It seems as if this would be the case now. Ten
or eleven years of illegal government, of suspension
of the constitution, of brutal German administra-
tion, of insufferable taxation, and of every
'possible annoyance which the ingenuity
of the beaten and mortified Germans could
inflict On their conquerors, when placed
in their power by Russia, have all been silently
endured. But now the time is come to speak out, and
the speaking is very plain. General BENEDEK is
astonished, but has to hear it and smile, and report
at Vienna that it must come to concession of long
withheld rights at last. And—what must make even
the EMPEROR feel most poignantly—the high honour
of being a member of his Imperial Council (Reichs-
rath) is declined by all the Hungarians of note
whom he nominated foe it ! The aristocracy of the
country itself, even the more conservatively inclined
of them, dare not touch the odious honour !

What must be most unwelcome of all to the ears
of Imperialists—the name of KOSSUTH is resound-
ing again at Pesth, almost within hearing of the
Imperial palace. We are informed that sometimes
in spite of police and gendarmes, the genuine
popular feeling will find its expression in some
occasional outburst. So it happened on the
day of the Requiem for SZECHENYI in this
city. After the funeral mass was over, a
multitude of at least 10,000 people crowded
before the hotel where the two sons of the de-
ceased resided, and mingled the names of
SZECHENTI and KOSSUTH in thundering cheers.
There is some meaning in the vox poptcli coupling
these two names on that occasion. It seemed as if
the inhabitants of the metropolis of Hungary,
coming from their prayers for the dead SZECIIEN YI,
wished to remind his surviving sons that KOSSUTH
is still alive, the man who never despaired when all
despaired; and who will not despair, if his life be
spared, till he sees Hungary once more a free, a
constitutionally governed kingdom.

lire are always talking of metropolitan improve-
ments, and yet we are seldom, if ever, improving
the metropolis, either in regard to its convenience
or its beautification. A grand central railway ter-
minus is to this moment a thing unknown in Lon-
don, though it has been talked of so very frequently.
The purification of the Thames we should long ago
have been tired to death of advocating only that
the river's "offence is rank and smells to Heaven"
' --under our very nostrils here in the precincts of
the Savoy—more frightfully during the height and
heat of every recurring midsummer. So, too,