The Sun.
London, England, 1869-09-25 00:00:00

depth of 4in. to Gin. was in many places nearly_ as hard as
concrete. Perhaps the very worst possible soil has iD this
experiment been brought under successful irrigation -a6
culture. It is remarked, in the report of the Army Medical
Department, that all the elements of the question have
been dealt with, and the result has been that the'cilensive
barrack and South camp latrines have been abolished,
the station drained, all the rernl3 water ren-
dered innocuous by irrigation, and the fertilising,
matter removed out cf it and applied to the
production of food on ground which had previously yielded
nothing in the form of useful vegetable produce. Mr.
Blackburn, the lessee of the Aldershet Farm, has given
some interesting information regarding the method of
cultivation adopted. The whole sewage of the South
Camp and barracks was not turned on to the farm until
1866, scarcely three years ago, and the following have been
the results, as regards produce raised per annum on each
acre :—Potatoes, 4 to 5 tons ; swedes, 12 tons ; mangolds,
18 tons ; garden turnips, 300 bushels ; cabbages, 16,000
plants. There is, besides, a large area under
Italian rye-grass cultivation, which is cut five or
six times a year for cows, and four times a
year for horses. The lowest cutting averages six
tons per acre, the 'highest fourteen tons per acre.
The maximum produce is forty tons of rye grass per acre
per annum. As the culture advances, the number of articles
is increased. The usual cropping of the farm is as follows :
Potatoes, 26 acres; Italian rye grass for food, 29 acres;
Italian rye grass for hay, 151 acres ; green crops, 611 acres ;
total, 77 acres. This absorbs the whole summer sewage of
thC camp and barracks. The crops to be raised this year
will be Italian rye grass, potatoes, mangolds, swedes, tur-
nips, cabbages, tares, onions, carrots, and harricot beans.
There his been no smell from the farm; the earth deo-
dorises the sewage as soon as it touches it. Thero are no
complaints of nuisance from the irrigated land, nor of
injury to health. All the plants grown Ste healthy-look-
ing and wholesome for consumption. At first there was
some prejudice against the produce, but that has been
entirely removed."

Passing from this subject to that of Sewage Utilisation
and Reconstruction of Sewers at Liverpool, our contem-
porary says :—" The Liverpool Sewage Utilisation Com-
pany has commenced operations on a small farm at Ince
Blundell, and the directors speak hopefully of the pro-
ject. The undertaking, however, would appear to have
been beset with difficulties. In the first place, the nego-
tiations with Major Blundell for land at Blundell Sands
fell through, and it became necessary to carry the pipes
three miles further than was originally contemplated.
This, of course, was attended with increased expense ; and
to make matters worse, several of the warmest friends
of the scheme were unable, owing to the com-
mercial pressure, to give the monetary support which
they had promised. Then the Earl of Derby and Lord
Sefton insisted upon a deposit of £l,OOO in hard cash as a
guarantee against any damage that may arise to their pro-
perty from the undertaking; and the result is that the
company finds itself in a deficiency of about £3,500. The
affair is practically at a standstill for want of funds, and
an appeal to the shareholders and the public is to be made.
The reconstruction of the sewers in Newsham Park, which,
on examination, were found to be defective, has been com-
pleted. Some months ago the *West Derby Local
Board, in whose district Newsham Park is situated,
and who ultimately will have charge of the whole
of the sewers in the park, refused to incur the respon-
sibility of taking them over until they had been
examined, and their construction certified as perfect. This
refusal resulted in the borough engineer bang requested
to make a careful inspection; and cn this being done it
was discovered that in many places the levels of the sewers
had been miscalculated ; and it was also found that et
several points the brickwork had fallen in, and that the
sewers had literally- collapsed. A considerable portion cf
the main sewers running through the park was thus con-
demned and taken up. The sewers are now, on an average,
lift, in depth, being about Oft. deeper than those which
were condemned as ineffective As the contractor alleges
that the original sewers were executed under the superinten-
dence of the corporate surveying officials at the town-hall,
it is, we believe, a matter of uncertainty on whom the cost
will fall."

At Leamington an..%,reernent has been arrangellntwecn
the Earl of Warwick and the Loral Board for the latter to
pump the town sewage up-,11 his lordship's estate for thirty
years, for £l5O a year. The rise is ever 101 ft., and the dis-
tance about two miles. It is estimated that the necessary
works will cost the Board £12,010, and that the annual
expenses will be £7OO. The earl will lake all responsi-
bility as to injunctions. The AB C precess cf Messrs.
Siller and Wijner is in operation at Leamington for this
year.

The drainage of Brighton is in this position:—Mr.
Hawkshaw, the engineer called in by the town council to
advise it on the point of carrying the sewags to a distance
from the town, has made his r3port. Thice " pra,:ticable
modes of doing the work are considered by Mr. Hawk-
shaw ; namely, Ist, by an extension of the present system
of deep-sea drainage, the cost of which would be about
£66,500 ; 2nd, by an intercepting sewer to the
westward, to which there are such " insuper-
able difficulties " that Mr. Hawkshaw cannot advise
its adoption ; and 3rd, by an intercepting sower to
the eastward, which Mr. Hawkshaw recommends as " the
most perfect and efficient" plan. The cost of this latter
plan Mr. Hawkshaw estimates at £BO,OOO. It would include
both the Cliftonville and tho Brunswick-square dis-
tricts. Mr. Hawkshaw concurs with Mr. Hawks-
ley and Dr. Letheby that sewage delivered into
the ocean from 1,500 to 2,000 ft. from the shore
is not likely to be productive of disease or
objectionable to health ; nor, he adds, "do I believe
that any smell arising therefrom can bo detected by per-
sons on the shore." But, he says, it 3 discharge is plainly
visible from the road facing the sea ; to those who go out
in boats, and who chance to come near the point of dis-
charge, the effluvium is unpleasantly evident ; and " those
who bathe from boats cannot escape occasionally finding
themselves floating in a bath of what must necessarily be
far from agrteable." The mouth of the sewer, how-
ever, Mr. Hawkshaw points out, might bo taken
more than double its present distance out to sea
—to 4,000 ft.; and he shows how the discolouration of the
sea by storm-water might be dealt with in this way. Tho
expense would be £66,500. According to Mr. Hawkshaw,
the most perfect plan is to construct an intercepting sewer
from Cliftonville to Portobello (four miles eastward of the
Brighton boundary)—a distance of seven miles and 160
yards—with a fall of three feet per mile, and with, at in-
tervals, ventilating shafts—" which," adds Mr. Hawk-
shaw, "could be so arranged as to be unebjectionable."

An extraordinary fact was divulged at the meeting
of the Cork guardians on Wednesday—namely, that the
small-pox has ceased to exist in Ireland.

Amongst the subjects which will engage the atten-
tion of the Church Congress at Liverpool is that of
"Sinai and Palestine." Several accounts of the recent ex-
plorations in the Holy Land will be given, and in the list
of papers to be read is one by Mr. Walter Morrison, ono of
the members for Plymouth.

The Compounding Act has been adopted in Sal-
ford. It was resolved at a meeting held on Thursday that
all owners of houses of a rateable value not exceeding £3
per annum should be rated instead of the occupiers, and
.25 per cent. was fixed upon as the abatement to com-
pounders. It was stated that 11,000 out of 18,000 house-
holders in tho borough would be affected by the Act.
TirE JEWISH BARONETS.—There aro now four
Jewish baronets. The first Jew made a baronet was Sir
Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, who received a baronetcy from
Lord Melbourne's Government in 1841. The next was
Sir Moses Mentallore, who received his baronetcy from the
outgoing Conservative Government of Sir Robert Peel, in
1846. Sir Moses was the first Jewish knight, his knight-
hood having been conferred in 1837, on the occasionV,?f
bis being one of tho Sheriffs of London when the their.
youthful Queen dined with the Lord Mayor and Corpora-
tion on the first Lord Mayor's day succeeding her acces:
'ion. In the same year the Liberal Government of Lord
John Russell made Sir Anthony Rothschild a baronet, the
baronetcy having first been offered to, and refused by, his
eldest brother, Baron Lionel do Rothschild. Sir
Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, who, after becoming an Eng-
lish baronet, was made a barcn by the Portu-
guese Government, and usually adopted the foreign
title (de Goldsmid and da Palmeira) in preference
to the English designation, was :succeeded by his son, the
;resent baronet, Sir Francis Goldsmid, M.P., Q.C., who,
tith great good taste, elected to adopt the English title of
aronet rather than the Portuguese title of baron. The
turth baronet is Sir David Salomons. It is-very singular
.:that these four baronets have no direct male heirs.';' T.W,
t:\
are widowers. There is, excepting Sir Mobs,Wia .e.;
frmighthood may bo said to have merged in his benne i
but oul Jewish knight, Alderman. Sir Bonjaudu Phillips 4
AAA p a* pglaulthropi,sif Pala Wiwi,
ka,i3EW- ,'• iititilt ' ' ''' ' ---

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