The Sun.
London, England, 1869-08-10 00:00:00

GUIDE TO TOURISTS.

A handy little guide to Connemara has just
been issued for the use and information of
tourists. An American, who imagines that the
United Kingdom is throughout an artificial and
cultivated country, has a surprise awaiting him in
the Northern Highlands of Scotland, in the Western
Highlands of Ireland, and even in some parts of
Wales. The incessant beat of the Atlantic Ocean
on the exposed coasts of Scotland and of Ireland
has created scenery essentially differing to the east
and west of the British Isles. We doubt whether
in the whole world more rude, wild, and storm-
lashed coasts are to be seen, and we say this, after
a travel which has embraced every continent and
glimpses of many an untrodden shore. The natural
work of the ocean in hurlingincessantly on the land the
mighty waves driven before the endless western gales
was to cut the coast into indentations, leaving bleak
bids to invade the water, while the water scooped
away the soil through many a long inlet. No where
else is the action of the Atlantic more marked than
on that most exposed of coasts, the west of Ireland.
Where the country is low, shelving down from the
great mountains into the sea, such as the land be-
low Clifdeu, the tr avclier looks over a raging surf,
extending as far as the eye can reach, not all being
white, but in long streaks, where the apparently
smooth sea curls itself into breakers, and the dark
water is flaked by creamy white, the only indication
furnished of the ledge of rocks which interrupts the
ground swell. This water cornea up to the shore
bright and clear, with a sparkling white sand be-
neath, or over long ridges of black rock covered with
kelp, little mounds whereof are smoking along the
shore, showing the process adopted by the inhabit-
ants to convert it into an article of commerce.
Crawling along the bottom are crabs and lobsters
innumerable, and with t 3 belly even whiter than

11W....a
the sand on which it almost rests swims the turbot.
I 'Wild as is this scene seaward, with its black-pointed
rocks, its distant islands, its deep blue water and
breakers, at intervals, away to the horizon it is
wilder still when the traveller looks around him on
shore. Rocks are the prevailing feature, standing
in huge boulders or iu wide ledges, interspersed
here and there with faint efforts to grow grain ;
with black peat, from which potatoes are reluc-
tantly coaxed ; with cottages, whose architecture
is comprised in stone walls and roofs ; but the land
rises as it recedes, getting a more mellow tint as it
trends away till the sharp outline reaches, perhaps,
to 2,000 feet against the bright, clear, crisp atmo-
sphere. The scene changes, and the traveller stands
on a bold promontory. Beneath him roll in, the
hitherto unbroken billows of the Atlantic, and the
sound reverberates among the precipices as the re-
treating wave meets the incoming one, which rising
at the check curls and falls with a roar, making the
rock-bound coast white with foam. As a rule, not a
tree is to be seen, while the mountains are coated to
their summits with heather. Lakes of all sizes reveal
themselves everywhere; here, in a chain connected
by a rushing, brawling stream, an I hemmed in by
steep mountains, but only clad on the eastern slope
with grass and timber ; there, fcr no reason that the
traveller can perceive, on a ledge of the hillside ;
but they are everywhere, their sky-tinted surface
being broken by the leaping trout. Connemara is
a land of lakes and mountains ; of rock and bog.
It is a land of savage wildness, yet with a gentle,
picturesque, and, on the whole, superior peasantry.
It is a land of good roads, strange locomotion, and
not bad hotels. It is a land of a marvellously fine
climate for three months, and of a marvellously bad
one for nine ; of peculiar and striking scenery ; of
salmon and trout, of lobsters, crabs, and turbot; of
snipe and woodcock,of kelp and peat ; and, according
to Mr. Ivatts, of rare plants, a list of which he gives,
geological specimens and antiquities. Of course
American travellers are invited to pay Connemara
a visit, and all we say is that they might go to a
worse place. For nearly three months no people
on earth, except those in the north of Scot-
land, will breathe a purer, brighter, more ex-
hilarating atmosphere. The wildness and gun-
deur of the scenery, at various parts, is such
that it is quite impossible to convey fully to the
mind of the reader its beauty. The panoramic
Nie w of Killery bay, for eight miles, with its wild,
romantic mountains towering into the sky, and
volcanic-like " Mweelrea" (2,688 feet) at the en-
trance, cannot be surpassed ; the wild grandeur of
Kylemore Pass and lough, with the "Twelve Pins"
(2,000 feet) in the back ground is unrivalled. The
silvery loughs Derryclare, Glendalough, and Inagh,
teem with salmon, trout, pike, and perch, and
offer inexhaustible sport. The sea, cliffs, and head-
lands of Clifden and Achill, the latter 2,000 feet,
washed by the broad Atlantic, are grand and wild.
Clew bay, comprising an area of twenty-eight
square miles, studded with over 100 islands, affords,
from " Croaghpatrick" (2,500 feet), one of the
rarest panoramic views in the world, not excepting
the thousand islands of the St. Lawrence. Lough
Corrib, a freshwater inland sea, is eighteen miles
long. The venerable ruins of Cong Abbey are not
only beautiful, but traditionary and legendary.
Loughs Conn and Cullin, the former eight miles,
afford views that are the real of the extrava-
gant scenic artist's ideal—wild foreground--water
—jutting headlands backed by numerous lines
of hills and mountains. Lough Gill, and Ha-
zlewood demesne, afford a change from the wild
and romantic, to the wooded class of scenery,
—still, however, blended iu the background are
desert - looking, and serrated mountains." This
he contrasts with an English seaside resort; a
long beach, an esplanade, rows of houses, and
bathing machines ; or a spa, where chalybeate
waters are drank by the gallon. Travelling is
cheap in Connemara, and the hotels as yet very
reasonable in their charges. The time will come
when Connemara will be a fashionable tour, an .1
the unsophisticated dwellers among these mountains
will learn the art of " fleecing ;" but as yet food is
plentiful, space ample, whisky abundant, and there
is no lack of that fine sauce which nature gives those
who thus seek her, an appetite. It is a common mis-
take for the English as well as American visitors to
Ireland, to limit their travel westward to Killarney ;
but Americans when they know there is anything
tube seen beyond gallop along as hard as a "Biancuni"
can carry them, taking in the greatest quantity of
scenery and air in the shortest possible time, as they
may have to inspect the ruins which linetheliilefrom
the top of the Pyramids, and accomplish a pilgrim
age to Jerusalem before the year ends.—Anylo
American 'limes.
S 7ATE BOUNDARY CHANGES.

(From the Anglo:Anterican Times.)
The march of empire westward developes the
errors made in the State divisions of the Union
by the early settlers, as well as in the establish-
ment of a National Capital. Considering the change
from the time when the States were a few strag-
gling settlements along the Atlantic sea-board main-
taining a feeble political and commercial connection
with Europe, and the mighty nation now spreading
from ocean to ocean, with instantaneous communica-
tion acrossand a transport occupying but seven days,
the marvel is that so few, not that so many, errors
are apparent. In olden days the New England States
were large contrasted with English counties and cal-
culating the then difficulties of travel and transport.
Now the New England States are small when com-
pared with the vast expanse of the new States.
Contrast them, all grouped as they are on the north-
eastern boundary, with the single State of Texas
on the south-west extremity of the same sea-board,
or take the eight Atlantic States of Maryland, Dela-
ware, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island,
Massachusetts, New Ilampshire, and Maine, add
up the area of each, and it will be found to be con-
siderably less than a third of the area of Texas, and
not near one-half that of the single Pacific State
of California. While population remained massed
along the Atlantic seaboard this disproportion was
not so glaringly conspicuous ; but the march of Em-
pirewestward, merely following the path of the peo-
ple, is but another phrase to indicate the course of emi-
gration. Maryland contains 11,124 square miles,
Delaware 2,120, New Jersey 8,320, Connecticut
4,750, Rhode Island 1,306, Massachusetts 7,800,
New Hampshire 9,280, Maine 35,000 ; the total being
79,700 square miles ; while the area of California
is 188,981, and of Texas 247,356. Rhode Island,
the smallest State of the Union, is forty-seven
miles long and thirty-seven broad, but this ambi-
tious little commonwealth requires no less than the
two capitals, Providence and Newport—Delaware is
96 miles long and 37 wide; the former had a popu-
lation in 1860 of 174,620, the latter of 112,216.
When we consider what a State of the Union means
we see the injustice of constituting dots like these
(though each might do for a German principality or
an English county) into States. Not only are the
States sovereign, but all count alike in the Upper
House of Congress. New York, with its 46,000
square miles, its population of 3,880,735, is therein
represented as is Rhode Island, weighing not a
feather more in the scale. The Senate is the most
powerful of legislative bodies, having a much more
decisive voice in the affairs of the United States
than the House of Peers has in these of Great
Britain, while the members are not a fifth as nu-
merous. As States like Illinois and California swell
in population, it is natural that they should object
to the un lue influence exercised in so important an
assembly by such comparatively insignificant com-
munities, and a Californian, with a sneer, says :
" Why, my little ranch at Los Angelos is nearly as
large as Rhode Island, and I cannot see why 1
should not return myself to the Senate for it, as
well as Mr. SPRAGUE for his pocket borough." The
BAYARDS can always scud a BAYARD from Dela-
ware and although Rhode Island may be split into
contending factions, the question with the Rhode
Islander is narrowed to " under which king?" A
glance at the map will show that the surveyors who
chalked out the boundary lines of these States were
hazy in conception. Why should Delaware have,
a.ny existence at all as a State ? Was it that in
ancient times it was thought necessary to shut out
from the seaboard, such a great common wealth as
that of Pennsylvania? The boundaries appear to
be marked off as if expressly to prevent the big State

from having any coast line, and New Jersey alla,
Connecticut seem to combine with the store 0140
against New York, which tapers to a narrow point a°
it approaches the sea, and, were it not for Long Island,
would have but little seaboard, while it stretched
an enormous distance along Lakes Eric, Ontario,
and the river St. Lawrence. The Tribune proposes
that Delaware should be divided between Pennsfr
vania and Maryland on a line indicated by the pe°'
ple, andißhode Island halved by a boundary runol°g
through the centre of Narragansett Bay---the one t°
be absorbed by Massachusetts, the other by o°s:
necticut. It further proposes to unite New York'
below the Highlands, with New Jersey ; west Nel,
Jersey being annexed to Pennsylvania. This would
bring the great metropolis well into the centre of the
State to which it belongs, an obvious convenience'
The City of New York can never be really w,ll go_
verned as long as it is under the jurisdiction of to
States, for in truth it approaches to this—the spread
in g interests of that rapidly-increasing city extendul
over to the New Jersey side, when claims and deq°
may clash, what is done by the one Legislature bell)!
undone by the other Legislature. Two States would
thus be expunged, while a new State, to be calic
Superior, might be formed along the southern sh°ro
of the lake from the upper peninsula of Michig3.l:;
where separated by the Straits of Mackinaw, 111'0
that portion of Wisconsin lying to the north of al°
drawn due west from the mouth of the Menominee,
in Green Bay, together with a part of Minnesota'
Oregon is said to be very injudiciously separa
from the territory of Washington. The River C 5,
lumbia to Astoria Bay, has been made the hollaia
dary, whereas every interest requires that it Willie
be made, the centre of the State, and the gri°3of
says :—" If all Oregon and Washington west de
the 121st parallel, or the crests of the Casea
Mountains, were fused as the State of Oreg°'t
and the western residue of the two declared (fov
the present), the Territory of Washington,
to be admitted as the State of like name, the atii
vantage to the great body of the people of 100
would be signal and immediate." As regards
it has long been proposed to break it up into throo
or even four States. At present the popula/o
is not sufficient to bear the expense of making Bt/og
a division, but the Western and Eastern seets)
differ from each other, while the Red River diou r
from both in climate, soil, and production. -A-1)(I
to
tion of Florida stretches to the West, going far t°
wards shutting out Alabama from the Gulf of gelio
t
So obviously ridiculous and inconvenient Is the
arbitrary division that it is to be submitted to od
inhabitants of the district between Alabama 50
the Gulf whether they elect to be annexed t 0 iV
State of Alabama or remain as they are. This
,4
probably make the river Apalachicola the bounto
between Alabama and Florida ; but the line ef.4,
Suwanee is talked of which would be manifestly pt
fair to Florida, and would bring another clay ° ito
for a slice of that State into the field, in Geertgot
A change more eagerly discussed is however oil
of the removal of the National Capital. The ulf°t,
of empire westward makes any place east a t to
Louis an Eastern city, and the right of the eas 00
have the capital located there is denied. But,etoo
St. Louis, it is argued by the Cheyenne Argus, °pi
far East, and if the population tends toward Wier
cific seaboard, were the transfer effected, this et d 1
tion would surely in the future be revived. Ewell, it 0
condemns 'Washington. One paper says f the
one of the wickedest places in the world, one °lleot,
muddiest, one of the dustiest, one of the duo'
and, worse than all, it contains the national e°
tiou of works of art," but it also sneers at C'jo
as the vainest place in the world ; at St. LOlll3
respectable old town, where the representativ°4ol)
have nothing to do but stand on the levee and
the shipment of breadstuffs ; at Cincinnati, gb
has no genteel family amusement except porksl3io itO
tering, and at Oshkosh, which can only enter t3OOl
guests with statistics of its own greatness•
impudent little place Omaha is inflated Woo°
extravagant and juvenile ambition having hi ct
fallen into a fine property. Keokuk is ruled °u is.tat
its preposterous name ; and some fail to see °olio'
grounds a town like that could pretend to suelloself
nour. Nearly all the papers of what are novi
called the Western States admit the claims of St.
0004
and even the leading journal of the leading is or al
city, the Chicago Tribune, pronounces in fa'l3ol
Chicago's rival. Any one on referring to a iljavorl:
the United States must be struck with the 5 4gt
tages of the position of St. Louis. Situate 10.0:
below the junction of the Mississippi with the "co of
souri, it stands in the most commanding P 1510,00
the great valley of the Mississippi, and is 3 Golf
equally distant from the vast lakes North, the fit.
of Mexico, South, and the Atlantic Oceattsoair
This unity of opinion throughout the West loe%perii
nous, although sneered at by the New Yorl.iirbior
To secure the removal, there must be a ee'-of
the
effort of a large proportion of the citizens jo
United States, and the most important stes,olo°,
fix on the new site. If Chicago, Memphis, SY' og
and Cincinnati all agree to differ and pull ittla
site directions, Washington will continue iitictios
length of time to enjoy the unenviable disof stir:
of being the " wickedest place," which is ues e. 11,
to be the location of the National Legislatart
Empire City claims the seat of governnle°lol),
right should that seat be moved, and if the „efo'
OP
long it will be necessary to erect two capitals' ,oast
.4
the East and the other for the West ; but sciaorilhe,''
this to happen the prairie States will be " carlo
New York and San Francisco must in that °3ot
the day. The error of locating a Goveril%ertlxvo
rural village for the representatives to hobleraale,d
simplicity and virtue has exploded. Govj 0V.4
breeds corruption, as a military garrison WV
haSa
breed vice, and LONGFELLOW w 01.11%. in 0
•
other deep voices than that of the ocea'res jo
swer to the wail of the forest, had Centiadanj
sembled in Acadia. If ever a change b° gr','A
the Federal seat of Government it will be °ober-
city, and the conflict will be between the
and the interior, between one and two.

414
er. 01j
A 1
[ADVERTISEMENT. Consumption, an,. 70, "0
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aggravated and accelerated by drugs of evei Y .9„r tier,
perfectly curable by Du BARRY'S health-restore 10000,%0
Arabic& Food, as proved by thousands of cases 77' oitt), Arr
noP 0 bk- tie
considered hopeless; such as indigestion (dYs. coo 0,
rrh ne 'll
asthma, consumption, habitual constipation, dig-- a.tat°,o
derangements, haemorrhoids, liver complaints, 50°0'
vousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throat, diPbt";;;atis"P
colds, influenza, noises in the head and ears, rhe.„,..v, slcoolx
impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritalTaty,
ness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, headache, deo", at seo 00,
spasms, nausea and sickness even in pregnanc!.t
ing flts, bronchitis, scrofula, tiOatness of the etl: Mecur,r
pit of the stomach, and between the shoulders, 1:00(1, 011`10
few: -The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's ob'
68,413—" Rome, July 21, 1866. The health of the f,'„e3
excellent, especially since, abandoning all other reTopi
confined himself entirely to Du Barry's RevalenttSo 116100
of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. 11 biO ,00`of
a surprisingly beneficial effect on his health, trot tir
cannot praise this excellent food too highly."--qtoberT(l It'jciof°
du Midi, July 25. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James, doeSS-,,
merchant, of Fernley, Surrey, of thirty years, deafeS,teP
spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial ut of 00'000'
N 0.1,77 . Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord-Llenterla ears'
-rift yco 1
of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,83 '. Irby"
able agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, as
..,000tungsv„rit,
stipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and ;00,nY
Jolly." Important Caution.—Beware of the_4tboot
and more than sloppy imitations to which, .3ib° 4g
Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached.
In tins, at ls 1Id; Ilb `2s 9d; 2lbs 4s 1 ,Aote for 0 s
2 t lbs IN.-Also Du BARRY'S REVALENYA 00, 9 et)
POWDER is packed in tiu canisters: for 12 nuP'f'or 57., reel
at s 6d, for 48 cups at 6s, for 288 cups at 305, 55, ne orcl
—being about one penny per cup. The 30s nj?,`„AstrOffi.,dott
free of carriage in England on receipt of rtru, Do.
RAR iy' Du BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regen"oet
all Grocers and Chemists

PENNANT—On the Bth inst
_ ion. Mrs. A. Douglas Peninaantt,7o7f aCcilitteusgtlr:esra::::l'B:l::
THOMSON —On the Bth inst at 58
square, the wife of David" • 'Th sov 1.46-'"
Lionel oni I
lenSitigt°ll,:l'el °f
Son.

BIRTHS.

:MARRIAGES. 00101101
CUMING —On the 7th inst. at Sout. Nrsidiro'
Cuming,
Willi;" Ellis, Esq. of 40 Clifton-gard"n,. of SfLt,'ill•
to Maria Jane, the eldest Lirviving daugil`estock"rd,
of Ifarrowden, to FrancesYl‘farn
MOSTYN—KEARNEY —163,0 n sth inst., at ICils,ktora
Esq., of Adelaide-road, flay° 0111'01
the lion. nonfarm° Most Ll._ 80000 SOll 01 oor 0
J. Kearney, Esq., D.L., MiltoWn nee Se,
eldost dBllg-kteatp'

Is,
DEATEIS.
lop b t All'`
ALLAN—On the Gth inst ,at Brighton, -.--°--er 1.4"
of Hendon Lodge, Wi.indsworth, aged s 5. I-A 'lt
MORRISON 011 the sth hist rfans Morrison,
ci, 94'
of the Middle Temple aged" 27.
'7 , Da Or
ORD --On the Oth inst., at Upper Clapton, -'°
aged 65. _....

51), ods
1 A.IVE A 4tro ,
London: Printed and Published by WILL- .„,. 02, ../,-
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TS SIIN afflee '''', °; '
diddlo '
in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the t.lounty 0,
Tuesday, August_lo, PO.