The Sun.
London, England, 1860-06-14 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
, Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.
'CRIS EVENING, RICHELIEU. Mr. Phelps.
Co conclude with the drama of PAULINE. Mr. Melville,
Mrs. Weston, and Miss U. Leclercq.
Commence at 7.

A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
.7-a. Sole rropriPtor and Mamwer. Mr. Beni. Webster.
Last 3 Nights ct Mr. and Mrs. A. Wigan.
FeVi nth week of the cekbra ed American Actress, Miss Julia
Daly.
THIS VENENG to commence with IT'S AN ILL WIND
THAT BLOWS NOBODY GOOD. Messrs. Alfred Wizan,
J. L. Toole, Stuart, Billington, C. J. Smith, Ward, Mrs. A.
Wizau, and Miss 11. Simms..
To be followed by A. MODEL OF A WIFE. Messrs. A
Wigan, Toole, Miss K. Kelly.
After which, OUII FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN.
Messrs. Stuart, C. Selby, Billie ton, Eburne, Miss Julia
Da;y, K. Kelly, Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley.
Box-otlice open from 10 till 5.
Private boxes, £2 25.; Family Boxes, £l.
Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Balcony, is.: Front Circle Stalls, as. •
Pit Stalls, 25.; Pit, is. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, 6(1.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

FRENCH PLAYS-ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
Directeur, M. Talexy.—Lessee, Mr. P. B. Chattetton.
EVERY EVENING.
Mdlle. DUVERGER.—M. PAUL DEVAUX
THIS EVENING "LA PARTIE DE PIQUET "
" LES PREMIERS ARMES DE RICHELIEU "—" LE
CODE DES FEMMES." Mdlle. Duverg-er and M. Paul
Devaux.
Orchestra Stele, 7s. 6d. ; Balcony Stalls, ss. ; Pit, 2s.
Gallery, is.

Private Boxes, ft= Two Guineas,
Commence at 8.

A STLEI'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Was. BATTY.
THIS EVENING,
Entire Change. I'roduction of a Grand Historical Hippo-
Drama on a scale of Great Magnificence. Varied Novelties
in the Scenes of the Arena. On Monday, June 11, 1860, and
during the week, the Entertainments will commence with a
deeply-intentsting and splendid spectacle in Three Acts,
entitled " FAIR ROSAMOND, or the AMAZON CRUSADERS."
Produced with entirely new and magnificent scenery, costly
costumes, and appointments. To be succeeded by the Scenes
of the Cirque, supported by the most talented British and
Continental Artistes in the World. Concluding with a
Laughable Farce.
The magnificent Chandeliers manufactured by Messrs. De-
fries and Sons, of Houndsditch.
Doe: s open at half-past 6, performance commence at 7.
Box-office open daily from 11 till 4.
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST.
Di r ect or of the Arena—M. Felix Revolti.

CONCERTS.-

CANTERBURY HALL
THIS EVENING.
C. H. GOUNOD'S OPERA,
FAUST.
First Time in this Country.
Faust • Mr. Henry Herbert.
Mephistopheles Mr. O. Bernard.
Siobel Mrs. Anderson.
Marguerite ••••••••• Miss Russell.
Conductor Mr. Jonghmana.
And selections from
Mora h, Trovatore, Macbeth, and numerous other
Entertainments.
Balcony, is Hall. 6d.
Comic Yo ,salists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), and W. T. Crltchfleld.
The AFR ICAN OPERA TROUPE, their first appearance
since 18
wi 52 c Desisting. of ELEVEN STAR PERFORMERS,
who will give the whole of their inimitable entertainment
every event ng.
The ganef ry is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening.

THE NI FEATHER.-Sux OFFICZ, JUNE 14, 1860.

THERMOMETER, TN THE SHADE.
61—hil chest since noon yesterday.
48—loi vest this morning and during the night.
63—th is day at noon.
BAROMETER-29.75.
WIND--; South-Westerly; fresh, with variable weather,
but fine. k heavy shower fell in the midst of sunshine—
heavy clouds rolling.

RIG ill WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
DIO C.—Morning, 9h. 37m.—Afternoon, 10h. 7m.
To-uoluto w.-111oruhig, 10h. 37m.—Afternoon, 11h. Sm.

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THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, 'JUNE 14, 18E0,

-- ip, ---

The National Defences of England—as we have
recently, in these columns, taken occasion to de-
monstrate'—are no longer forgotten or neglected.
£30,000,000 a•year being set apart, in a time of

peace for our military and maritime expediture, of
itself affords proof positive that we are at last in
earnest upon the matter ; that thQ people themselves
are, at length, aroused to a recognition of its vital
importance; that the House of Commons is in a
dispositic n to be liberal under this head, even to the
length of absolute extravagance ; that the Govern-
ment is bent upon thus attesting its patriotism in

a mariner worthy of those who are at once the

guardians of the State, the Ministers and
Advisers of the Crown and the responsible conduc-
tors and regulators of the complicated machinery of
the Administration. Apart, however, from the
annual outlay in a time of peace of £15,000,000
upon our marine, and of another £15,000,000 upon

our land forces—there are abundant indications

questions.

elsewhere amongst us of this fact, that Englishmen
are resolved, one and all, to put an end, if possible.
to the uncertainty felt now for a long while past as
to our general preparedness or unpreparedness guage.
against the chances of invasion. It is thus The question is really a very simple one. Will
that in addition to the regular army we Ministers be obstinate or not against their own
have nowtamongst the ranks of the civi- supporters ? That is all. No principle is at stake ;
lians themselves, distributed far and wide, all and it is simply, therefore, for Lord PALMERSTON
over the country, but prepared at any moment for to consider whom he had better try to please. No
co-operation and concentration upon any given man in his senses will contend that it can serve
point as many (just to begin with !) as 100,000 any important purpose to catechise all the house-
rifle volunteers! holders of the kingdom, all the hotel-keepers, all
And now capping the climax of all these elabo- the governors of gaols and workhouses, on their
rately organised efforts in the one direction—that own religious profession, and that of those
of perfecting as soon as practicable, and as nearly under their charge. If, therefore, the obnoxious
as may be, our complex system of National 1)e- question be persisted in, a very large num-
fences—there
.has come forth at length the care- ber of Members of Parliament, and of electors, will
fully prepared and anxiously looked fer report of feel themselves wantonly aggrieved, and will be
the Royal Commission appointed last August to in- certain to resent the insult, some day, in a way
quire into the actual condition of our insular perhaps very inconvenient to a Minister. Even
FortiAcations. This remarkable report, although without considering the merits of the ease as a mere
dated February the 7th, 1860, only made its piece of political or party prudence, it would seem
appearance yesterday. It is a substantial blue- absurd to the last degree for any Government to be
book enough, lucidly arranged throughout. It is pertinacious in opposition to a considerable number
the well-digested result of the investigations carried of their own friends on a point of detail like this.
on during nearly half a year by the seven officers The Opposition could not reasonably ask Lord
and gentlemen nominated by the Crown as the PALMERSTON to persevere in what his own friends
Royal Commissioners. As a reminder of the pro- opposed, and those supporters of the Government
fessional competence of these seven authoritative who do not themselves dislike the Home Secretary's
surveyors of the state of things along our coast schedules must be the last to wish that their leader
line, it may be as well to recal to the remembrance should create for their sake a schism in their body.
of Our readers the names of the different members Every one knows that a provocation is rarely
of the Commission, viz.:--Major-General Sir Harry measured by the essential importance of the matter.
Jones, of the Royal Engineers ; Major-General Sir Sometimes its very triviality makes the persistence
Duncan Alexander Cameron, late of the 42d High- of the aggressor the more annoying. We have a
landers ; Rear-Admiral Elliot ; Major-General Sir strong impression it will be so in this case ; to Lord
Frederick Abbott, of
the Indian Army; Captain PALMERSTON it seems a very trivial thing, indeed,
Astley Cooper Key, R.N. ; Colonel J. H. Lefroy, to answer the question—What is your profession ?
of the Royal Artillery; and Mr. James Ferguson, What is that of your household ? That may be.
who, although merely a Civilian,was peculiarly Yet he has also seen that gentlemen of all classes
competent to take his place at the board, and religious denominations have declared they
as a skilled theoretical engineer and
the author hate the question ; one M.P. saying that, sooner
and projector of an entirely new system of forti- than ask all the servants in his family, and
fications. It is noticeable at once, and should be all the guests in his house, what was their
mentioned here at the very outset, that the « up, religious profession, he would pay any penalty.
shot" of the whole report may be described in This feeling is very common. We • confess
so many words as the recommendation of an ex- it
is our own. What have we to do
penditure upon certain fortifications of a sum of with the profession of all the persons in our office ?
money very nearly approaching in round numbers and we are sure the Government has, if anything,
to £12,000,000 sterling! The actual total speci. even less to do with it. They may be Methodist
fled towards the close of the Report is precisely class leaders and attend-revival meetings, or be the

most confirmed sceptics, just as they please, if each
does but furnish creditably his respective quota

,owards placing The Sun in the hands of our

- -
readers at the proper time. Like the member of

Parliament referred to, we could not bring our-
selves to catechise them on their religious profes-
sion, and we should not choose to be Government

agents for such a purpose. This kind of repugnance
is, we are confident, a very wide-spread feeling,

and it will occasion very general resentment if,

merely to please a knot of High Church zealots,

the Government intrudes on our English privacy
on such a subject, with their ill-timed sectarian

Our readers have doubtless seen what this silly
piece of mischief-making sprung from. In the
census of 1851 a return was obtained of the attend-
ance upon all the places of worship in the kingdom,
on one and the same Sunday. Unfortunately, the
result did not suit High Church purposes. A
slight majority of the worshippers on that Sunday
turned out to have been at the various dissenting
chapels. Hence the return was denounced in every
way, and represented as unsatisfactory and incor-

rect. We do not think it well could be ; any Swa

day would do for an average ; and though some
churches might not be so well attended on that

particular day, it is obvious the same migh

be the case with many of the chapels. In-
deed, we think the demand of these over-
hot Churchmen, for another mode of tak-
ing the religious , census, shows that they
were afraid to test the accuracy of the old re-

LATESrIs NEWS.

The) following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, JUNE 14.

The Moniteur of this morning contains several
decrees regulating the customs administration and
the military organisation of Savoy and Nice.
According to a project of law, which has been sub-
mitted to the Corps Legislatif, Savoy will form two
departments.

TURIN, JUNE 13.
Marshal Vaillant is expected here. He will
visit the King.

PALERMO, JUNE 11 (EVENING).
The embarkation of Royal troops continues. The
:own is still barricaded.

PARIS, JUNE 13.

The Commander de Martino arrived the day
before yesterday in Paris, and has been received
in private audience by the Emperor at Fontaine-
bleau.

VIENNA, JUNE 14.

The Council of Ministers has unanimously ap-
proved the re-establishment of the Ministry of
Commerce and Public Works, as proposed by M
von Plener, successor of Baron von Bruck.

The choice of the new Minister of Commerce
has already been made by the Emperor. The name
of the person 'appointed will not, however, be made
known before the Reichsrath Committee on the
Budget has finished its task, as, on account of the
expenses which will be necessitated by the re-
establishment of the Ministry of Commerce, the
Government desires to act in concert with the
Council of the Empire.

turns by keeping to the same plan, though all mus
acknowledge that the value of statistics depends so
much on the results admitting of comparison.
But we affirm decidedly that if we are to have
religious statistics at all—the desirableness of which
we 'very much question—the old plan was far the
better. It involved, on the one hand, nothing un-
pleasant to individuals ; on the other, it tested the
only point of real interest to a practical people like
us—what each body of religionists was doing. It
indicated pretty well how many paid no attention at
all to religion, so far as public worship indicates
attention, and how far each sect was successful in
creating an interest in religious worship. We are a
working people, and the old census told us how
much work of this kind was doing. We would
not give a farthing for a register of religious
opinions—of the numbers who would register them-
selves as belonging to sects whose worship they
never attended—nor would we give much for the
old returns. Still the value of a census of the
religious profession of persons not checked by the
♦ery easy test of regular attendance on the worship
of their sect, must be a worthless one indeed.
We may ask LordPALmEßsToN,:therefore, now to
choose between friends and foes. Two deputations
have presented themselves to him. The first consist-
ing of those who vote for him at elections and in the
House—the next nearly all of them persons who take
the opposite course. The point in dispute is, not a great
principle, but a new detail in the Census Bill ; one,
the underhand origin of which is apparent from this
last deputation, who gladly father it, and thus prove
its illegitimacy—Tory prompters and a betrayed
Liberal Minister. We advise the Government to
concede at once. Better, we should say, give up
the religious census altogether than annoy,
for such a mere crotchet, a large body of ac-
tive Liberals ; if a religious census must be
had, let it be as before one of worshippers ; and, if
wished, one of accommodation also—the last would,
indeed, be the best and fairest of all. It could
be open to little doubt. Should Lord PALMER-
STON and Sir G. C. LEWIS, however, be so ill
advised as to prolong this dispute, we should not be
at all surprised to see their majorities of thirteen
nine, and twenty-one, dwindle to minorities of at
least the same numbers. Those who gave up a
Reform Bill to Tories may very well give up a
Census Bill detail to friends.

BERLIN, JUNE 13.

The Prince Regent, accompanied by his Cham-
berlain and military suite, will leave at 6.30 p.m.,
for Baden Baden.

The King of Hanover arrived here this morning
and had an interview of several hours' duration
with the Prince Regent. The King returns to
Hanover this evening.

MALTA, JUNE 9.

It is said that the English fleet, commanded by
Admiral Martin, will to-day leave Malta for Besika
Bay.

The Portafo,qlio announces that several English
men of war have been sent to Naples.

CONSTANTINOPLE, JUNE 6.

Sir Henry Bulwer has firmly pointed out to the
Porte the necessity of repressing abuses, and said
that upon such repression would depend the sup-
port of England.
The Sultan has favourably received these repre-
sentations, and has sent his portrait to the ambas•
sador.

SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY.

The Hamburg and American Company's steamer
Bavaria, Captain Meier, from New York, on the
Ist inst., has arrived. She brings 218 passengers
and 109,195 dols. in specie, of which 104,196 dols.
are for London, and the remainder for Hamburg.
On the 2d the Bavaria passed the American
ship Margaret Adams, bound west ; on the Bth
she spoke the bark Cassange, from Guzerat for
London, and on the 13th inst., off the Lizard, the
American ship Ashburton, bound west.

FRANCE.

PARIS, JUNE 13.

BOURSE, June 13.—The market was buoyant at
the opening, but the upward movement was after-
wards checked by sales for realisation. Threes,
after having been done at 68f 65c and 68f 70c, re-
ceded to 68f 45c. Mobilier varied from 673 f 75c
to 670 f; Austrian, 525 f to 521 f 25e; Lombard,
501 f 25c to 500 f.; Lyons, 878 f 75c to 876 f. 25c. ;
Orleans, 1,337 f 50c to 1,333 f 75c; Northern, 982 f
50c to 977 f 59c.

The following are the last quotations :-
41 per Cents. .... 96 60 , Credit Foncier 845
Do. end month .. Belgian 4i —
3 per Cents 6B 55 Piedmonteso (5) .. 84 50
Do. end month 6B 55 Roman Bl
Bank Shares 2860 —i` Austrian —
Credit Mobilier .. 668 75 I Spanish Throes
Do. Account ..... 668 75 !Home Debt 47!

RAILWAYS.
Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern 9BO .. 980
New ditto. 867 50 .. 867 50
Lyons and Mediterranean 876 25 .. 877 50
Geneva 402 50 .. 400
Southern
Western 572 50 ..
Eastern
Sardinian 415 417, 50
Austrian
Lombard ..
Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 121 c. ; money,
25f. 120. ; three months, paper, 24f. 90c. ; money, 24f 871 c.

A HINT TO MR. HORACE MANN.—I don't be-
lieve a word of the Registrar-General's return. I have no
kind of confidence in those Census papers which are occa-
sionally distri'auted at our houses. In point of fact, when
I know how the cook and housemaid at Gamma-lodge set
the laws of their country at defiance upon the occasion of
the last returns, and yet have not been sent to Newgate or
the Tower, neither has the Attorney-General done any-
thing to their prejudice in an ex officio way, how is it pos-
sible to have contidenee on more critical points ? Cook is
57 years of age, if she is a day; she represented herself as
26. Betty is a Particular Baptist, but returned herself as
a member of the Establishment, because she considered it
more genteel.—Once a Week.
WOMEN AND MEDICINE.—Women never have
been, and never will be, debarred from practising medicine,
openly or on the sly. It is so natural to them, and so irre-
sistible while they live in families and have the charge of
the sick that no remonstrance or ridicule has ever availed
to put a stop to female quacking. The best informed and
most rational physicians have always seen, and the most
courageous have always said, from that day to this, that
the only cure is in making physicians of some well-quali-
fled women, who alone can convince their sea of the seri-
ousness of medical practice, and the infinite mischief of
meddling with the delicate organisation of the human frame
without all the knowledge that can be obtained of the
structure and action of its various parts. The time has
arrived for this reform to begin.—Miss Martineau in Once
a Week.

The Philosophy of Luggage. That there is
philosophy in luggage we are convinced ; we have known
people who travelled with unnumbered boxes and
bags, and yet were without essential comforts, and we
have held pleasant company with those who had extremely
compact arrangements, yet needed nothing. Some persons
ale as diffuse and unmeaning in their packing as in their
conversation. We have seen a bit of top-string put round a
chest of two hundredweight ; we have seen an address left '
on a valise, indicating that it was to be sent to Bristol,
when the owner fully intended it at the present time to go
to Cambridge ; we have seen hampers burst open at the
most awkward moment, and parcels " come undone,"
when it was impossible to do them up again,
whereat whereat the " lords of creation" generally get
in a way," and make speeches as sharp as their razors.
Somehow, men seldom put up heroically with trifling an_
noyances. They can look a bankruptcy in the face with
the courage of a lion, and often bear the death of a wife,
who brought them ten thousand pounds, with Spartan re-
signation ; but give them an ill-cooked dinner, ask them to
wait for you five minutes, or let a parcel, as we have stated
above, run restive in their hands, and one might think a
linchpin was coming out of the world's axle, by the fuss and
fume they make. Poor things 1 they are but hum, after
all. Certainly, it is very provoking to find ourselves at a
railway-station, as the reputed proprietors of divers ad-
juncts, nobody knowing exactly what or where,—trunks
uncorded, bags unfastened, brown paper bundles in most
equivocal security, cloaks here, rugs there, and umbrellas
out yonder. One gets into a heated bewilderment, that
leaves us in our corner seat, with our " back to the horses,"
in a state something between scarlet fever and nettle-rash.
Be assured that philosophy and luggage have jan affinity
that yields great personal comfort, and we advise all who
" pack up" for general travelling excursions, to do with as
tiefye ewt
es poan packageslrlrange asd
parasols,
that
itlh a they
teytti
they
clicks,
yne
are
and the
easilyttbh eos like, packages as concen-
tratedclosely and firmly,
as possible. Strap all loose wrappersavailable in
togeeatheeere,farned.
quieition, and put plain addressee on every package.
Eschew all the impeding animalcule of locomotion—such
as indescribable baskets filled with everything that is never
wanted, bunches of flowers that are dead long before they
reach the hands they were intended for, bags of biscuits
which you never eat, or if you do, only remind you of the
possibility of getting bread from sawdust. Carry no more
books and papers than you can put in your pocket, and above
all, as the highest practical point of the " philosophy of
luggage," renounce band-boxes.--E/iz4 Cook's "Jottings
-fro,/ my

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 14, 1860.

LITERATURE.

Voyage en Russie, en 1856. Par M. Boucher de
Perthes. 1 Tome, pp. 580, Paris, 1859.
A delightful volume of travels by a writer of rare
ability and, in his own country, of very considerable
reputation. It is a production which happens to be
peculiarly welcome to us at this moment, bringing
the name of Monsieur Boucher de Perthes before us,
as it does, at a time the most opportune imaginable.
The present juncture, in truth, is one—political,
economic, and commercial—affording to us, in this
writer's regard, precisely the very instant he him-
self could best have desiderated for an introduction
to the English public generally. For, are we not
all of us now, both in England and France, exactly
in the very midst of those mercantile re-arrange-
ments which are supposed to have sprung origi-
ginally from the revelation to our Gallic neigh-
bours, by the hon. member for Rochdale, of the
Free-Trade principles and the Free-Trade Philoso-
phy ? Than which impression, however,—it must
be confessed in all candour and simplicity—there
has seldom been one more extravagantly illusory
and erroneous. Mr. Cobden, the introducer into
France of the Free-Trade Principles and the Free-
Trade Philosophy ! As well might one seriously
regard Amerigo Vespucci as the genuine discoverer
of the new world—Columbus himself to the con-
trary, notwithstanding ! But, alas ! it is ever thus
in all the arts and in all the sciences—it was thus
before, it has continued to be thus ever since, the
great Mantuan poet capped his own unfinished and
anonymous distich in honour of Augustus to the
confusion of the poetaster Bathyllus :
" Sic vos non vobis nidificates ayes ;
Sic vos non vobis vellera fortis ores :
Sic vos non vobis mellificatis apes :
Sic vos non vobis fortis aratra bores."
And so it has come to pass that the member for
Rochdale is now enjoying the fame among the
generality, both there in France and here in Eng-
land, of being the Free Trade Apostle, in despite
and defiance of all the Opinions ever published by
Monsieur Cristophe of Abbeville. M. Cristophe
sows anything but the storm, and Mr. Cobden
reaps anything but the whirlwind. M. Cristophe
sows broadcast the seeds of Free Trade, and the
fruition of them is poured in the fullness of time
into Mr. Cobden's pocket, and within the magic
circle of his reputation, as from an inexhaustible
cornucopeia. The truth being, nevertheless, quite
indubitably that years and years before ever Mr.
Cobden had set about his famous Free Trade agita-
tion in the United Kingdom—MM. Boucher de
Perthes and Michel Chevalier had propounded and
promulgated in philosophical arguments addressed
to the French population, and through that popula-
tion to the rest of the nations of Christendom, those
grand and wise economic doctrines which are now
diffusing broader and broader light over the earth as
with the dawn of a new civilisation. All this is
as iedisputable as that Mr. Cobden himself here in
England had been preceded as a free-trade advo-
cate by the written arguments of Adam Smith
and the spoken arguments of William Huskisson.
What is that chivalric motto emblazoned under the
heraldic device of Nelson ? Is it not the old cry
that has rung so often through the dust
of the knightly tournay—"Palmam qui meruit
feral ?" The " palm" here belongs by right to
men like MM. Boucher de Perthes and Michel
Chevalier—let Mr. Cobden rest contented with the
" oil-of-palm" (as money has been christened in
the poetry of slang) rung out to him fourteen years
ago to the tune of £BO,OOO sterling ! But—some
may ask wonderingly—indeed many may in this
country put the inquiry in some bewilderment—
You have spoken of M. Cristophe as well as of
MM. Boucher de Perthes and Michel Che-
valier— and who then may M. Cristophe be
in the name of fortune ? " Not to know
him," we may reply—(though " the proverb's some-
what musty")—" argues yourself unknown." Be
it known then to those to whom these presents may
come—to those Englishmen who are yet unac-
quainted with a fact long years back delightfully
familiar to almost every educated Frenchman—
Monsieur Cristophe is the alter ego, the nom de
plume, the half-mask, the pseudonym of M. Boucher
de Perthes. It is to M. de Perthes what " Timon"
has been to M. de Cormenin, what " Drapier" was
to Dean Swift, what " Plymly" was a few years
back to that Great Gun among English wits the
Canon of St. Paul's, what " Boz' is yet remembered
to have been once upon a time to the greatest of
our English Humorists. Under the shadowy name
of Monsieur Cristophe, M. Boucher de Perthes
issued from the French Press—long before Mr.
Cobden dreamt of being returned to Parliament (as
he was for the first time in 1841 as M.P. for Stock-
port)—M. de Perthes, we say, had long prior to
Mr. Cobden's appearance as a Free Trader or even
as a politician, given to the public in his own coun-
try the celebrated Opinions de Monsieur Cristophe
in four separate instalments—the first " partie"
being entitled"_ Sur la Liberte du C'ommerce," and
the second quite as suggestively " Voyage commer-
cial et philosophire.' As about the first and fore-
most of all Free fraders in France therefore, M.
Boucher de Perthes is peculiarly entitled at our
hands—especially in this year of grace 1860, the
year of this much talked of Commercial Treaty be-
tween France and England—to our honourable
mention, to our cordial welcome and honest recog-
nition. At the very least this gifted author claims
indefeasably as a right the privilege of sharing
the honours—appertaining to the earliest known
Apostles of Free Trade—with his eminent
countryman M. Michel Chevalier. They are the
Leverrier and the Adam of this outermost planet
in the complex system of political economy—
the one embracing within the circumference of its
vast orbit the whole of the minor worlds circling
within and around each other in the empyrean of
mercantile philosophy.
Apart, however, from his important Free Trade
arguments and politico-economic disquisitions under
the assumed name, style, and title of M. Cris-
tophe, M. Boucher de Perthes has acquired for
himself, in France especially, but in a lesser degree
elsewhere upon the European continent, a very
noticeable reputation in a singular variety of the
manifold departments of polite literature. His
works—numbering them in volumes—amount alto-
gether to very nearly thirty ; if we are not mis-
taken, they extend to precisely seven-and-twenty
substantial tomes—distributed in sixteen distinct
publications. These writings include among them
—tales, romances, legends, ballads, songs, satires,
essays, sketches, dramas, and recollections. They
embrace, among other more serious and more pre-
tentious works, five volumes De la Creation—a
treatise on the origin and progression of existences.
They range from the lighter Contes et Chansonnettes,
to the more sober Antiquites Celtiques et Antedi-
luviennes. They present to us, in agreeable diver-
sity, a volume of ,Nouvelles, another compacting
together Quelques Lettres de Femme—two volumes
entitled I'squzsses de mceurs adnzinistratives—four
volumes comprehensively designated Bommes et
Choses. Altogether, as we have said, 27 volumes,
or 16 distinct publications. Conspicuous among
these miscellaneous writings are four works in
which M. Boucher de Perthes appears before his
readers simply and avowedly in his character as a
Traveller. The latest of these we have now lying
before us—a goodly tome, in forty-eight chapters,
in which our author recounts to us, as a witty
Frenchman only can—with that effervescent
vivacity which is among the most delightful cha-
racteristics, which is, in fact, the distinguishing
characteristic of his race—his experiences as a
traveller-through Russia, in 1856, the year of the
reigning Emperor's coronation at Moscow. M. de
Perthes ha.d previously travelled, and recounted
his travels through Denmark, through Sweden,
through Spain, through Algeria, and through-and-
through Constantinople. He tells us at the outset
of his present effusion, that his design, in 1856,
had been originally to pass from the Eastern to the
Western hemisphere—seeking " fresh fields and
pastures new" upon the virgin soil of America.
The temptation to witness some, at least, of the
ceremonials attendant upon the anointing and
crowning of the Czar Alexander 11., was too
powerful, however. And, as surely as the slope of
Russia itself is, according to M. de Lamartine,
" towards the East"—so did our literary nomad,
M, de Perthes, find, in 1856, that his
was "towards Russia" inexorably. His plans
changed, his passports (which had actually
been made out for America) altered-
-behold him, then, at his third page en route for
his new destination. And a charming, gossipping,
exhilarating, instructive, and most facinatine com-
panion he proves to be—as the reader will find who
is fortunate enough to accept him as such through
these very nearly 600 pages descriptive of a Voyage
on Bussie, and of the return homewards again by
way of Lithuania, Poland, Silesia, Saxony, Nassau,
and Wiesbaden. As an example of the mere man-
ner of our author (but, then, has not Buffon averred
—le style, c'est l'homme?)--as the mere "brick" of
the old Hieroclesian skolastikos—the subjoined
fragmentary passage, taken almost haphazard, may
not be unacceptable. It will, at any rate, serve to
afford our English readers a specimen of M. de
Perthes' animated powers of description, while
bringing them pleasantly face to face with one
whom (thus depicted) they will not find themselves
unwilling to greet fraternally as a worthy type of
the travelling Civis Britannicus ;
Assez decontenance demon aventure, je me dirige vers
l'hbtel. Je tenaia beaucoup a ma montre, je la portais
depuis vingt ans. . . . Je regrettais un vieux cachet,
meuble non moins venerable, et portant les armoiries de
ma famille.
Quand j'entrai, la table etait au grand complet. NI-
Spink me temoigna eon regret de me voir arriver si tard,
car dejh on avait en partie consomme un fort beau poisson
de la Neva, qu'il avait, disait-il fait servir a mon intention.Je le remerdai, et pour m'excuser je lui racontai a deal \roes
ce qui m'etait arrive; sans me preoccuper outrement de m

EMBANKMENT OF THE THAMES.

A public meeting of the inhabitants of the Strand
and the surrounding neighbourhood, convened by
the St. Martin's-in-the-Fields Ratepayers Protec-
tion Society, was held last evening at Exeter-hall,
for the purpose of protesting against the low-level
north sewer being carried up the Strand. Mr.
HENRY HOARE presided.
The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, said
that there appeared to be but one opinion with re-
gard to this low-level sewer being carried up the
Strand and Fleet-street, and that was that it would
be an unmitigated nuisance. When they got below
London-bridge he confessed that it would be abso-
lutely necessary to go under ground for some dis-
tance, but that was no reason why they should have
it in a place where there was no necessity for it, as
in the case of from Westminster to London bridges.
He thought that such a work as that should be
made a matter of profit, so as to make the outlay
have fair returns and give interest to the capitalist
who has embarked his money in it, as well as
be greatly beneficial to the agriculture of the
country.
Mr. DouLToN moved a resolution to the effect
that in the opinion of the meeting the embankment
of the Thames between Westminster and London
bridges would be highly beneficial to the public at
large, by improving the navigation, covering the
mud banks, affording relief to the present over-
crowded thoroughfares of the metropolis, and by
providing a healthy and agreeable promemade to
the inhabitants of London.
Mr. Churchwarden MARSHALL, in seconding the
resolution, enlarged upon the great benefits which
the public would derive from the plan of the em-
bankment of the Thames as proposed by the reso-
lution, and the great inconvenience which would
arise if the low-level sewer was carried under the
Strand.

The motion was carried unanimously.
Mr. TEMPANY moved a resolution to the effect
that the construction of the work should be com-
menced without delay in order that the low-level
north sewer might be constructed within such
embankment, instead of being carried through the
Strand and Fleet-street, a course that would not
only be of serious inconvenience to the public
traffic during the execution of the work, but pro-
bably of permanent injury to the property of the
locality and detrimental to the occupiers of Muses
in those lines of thoroughfares."
The motion was seconded by Mr. CRILL, and
carried nem. con. Other resolutions in furtherance
of the object for which the meeting was convened
having been carried the meeting separated.

PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES.

THE THAMES EMBANKMENT.

The committee reassembled on Tuesday, Sir J.
Paxton in the chair. The other members present
were Mr. Phillips, Sir J. Shelly, Mr. Walter, Mr.
Tite, Mr. Beamish, Lord John Manners, Mr.
Roupell, Lord R. Montagu and Mr. Stiring.
Mr. Bazalgette, engineer to the Metropolitan
Board of Works, was called, and explained the
nature of the works now in progress or contemplated
for the drainage of the metropolis. He stated that
the high level sewer on the north side, commencing
at Hampstead and running down to the river Lea,
from whence the sewage is carried by gravitation
to Barking, is nearly completed. The middle level
sewer, commencing at Acton, joins the high level
sewer at Bow. The whole of the works are let and
in the course of construction. The contract for the
high level sewer is £152,000, and for the middle
level £300,000, being rather under the estimates.
The low level sewer, commencing at Chelsea
Hospital, proceeding along the Strand and through
the City, terminates at Abbey Mills' where the
sewage is to be raised up to the high level sewer.
The estimate is £388,000. The soil excavated would
have to be carted to those outskirts which required
raising, and would of course considerably impede
the general traffic. Some portions of the sewer
would be executed by means of tunnels. The fall
would be two feet per mile. If an embankment were
carried along the Thames, with a sewer under it,
it would be an enormous advantage. He had pre-
pared a plan for the embankment, with a roadway
100 feet, from Westminster Bridge to Queenhithe
Dock, where it was proposed to stop, because the
narrowest part of the river was between Queen-
hithe Dock and London Bridge. It would be ex-
ceedingly difficult to construct an embankment
along that part which would not interfere with the
important trade carried on in that district, and there
was no strong reason why the embankment should
be continued to London Bridge. The first object was
to get a direct road to the London-bridge station,
which was provided for by the construction of a
road by the Metropolitan Board of Works on the
south side of the river. If the road were continued
to London-bridge the distance to the London-bridge
station would be reduced by not more than 100
yards. Blackfriars-bridge was an inconvenient
and bad bridge and in a dilapidated state, and,
whether the embankment was constructed or not,
must come down. Some of the arches had sunk
considerably. He proposed that the roadway
should proceed from Westminster-bridge, with an
inclination of 1 in 60 until it reached Privy-gardens
where a small dock would be constructed, to.
be
called the Westminster Dock. OppositePri
Privy-
gardens there would be a solid embankment. Thevy-
level would be four feet above Trinity high-wa ed_ haercreosp
to construct a roadway on a series f
osAt
e r
mark. Over that solid embankment
Whitehall-place.
theHe
trhoaedenend ofth ePermivhya-gnakrmdee
andunder
the projected
the road under the bridge
proposed to have a dock at Hungerford ; to carry
ts he
to V proposedh telia of
embankment railway, and also under Waterloo-bridge.
proposed to have a solid at Temple
He
Gardens, and a dock between there and Blackfriars-
brithre,
which the roadway would pass on a level,
and proceed to Queenhithe,
dock called Blackfriars Dock where there would be a
. From Queenhithe a
street might be constructed to the Bank. The esti-
mated cost of embankment on the north side
from Westminster-bridge to Queenhithe would be
£1,000,000, with a roadway 100 feet wide and includ-
ing the docks; and the sewer under the embankment
could be constructed for £lB,OOO. The cost of the
street from Queenhithe to the Bank would be
£750,000. The embankment would be constructed
by means of cylinders sunk into the ground, and

~MM.
compagnons de table, que je croyais ttop affaires autour du form cofferdams which would facilitate the con-
miractflent Poisson, pour faire attention a mes paroles. En struction of the sewer between them. The cost of
ceci je me trompais, et je finiasais la description embanking the south side of the river would be
des manieres beates et des mines confites de IPA?
saints voleurs lorsque clentetdie partir du milieu £250,000. The whole expense of the embank-
de la table to plus retentissaut eclat de rire ments and the new street from Queenhithe to the
qui ait jamais frappe mon mine. Je regards, le fieur etait Bank will be £2,000,000. t The:embankment would
un jeune homme ala figure pale, au type nettement Britan- very greatly improve the condition of the river.
nique. Des quo son asses fut un pen calm 6 it se met
.a The sewer if constructed under the embankment,
faire en Anglais la narration de ma mesaventure , qu'il
would proceed as far as Queenhithe, and then pass
egaya sans doute, car son hilarite, gagna immetiatement
la societ6 eatiere'
moi, je laisais une pauvre mine,
sauf M. Spltls, qui avait Pair frappe de under the City. He did not believe that the con-
stupeur. Quanta no struction of the sewer under the City would at all
sachant si je devais rire ou me Eicher. Jo crois quo la endanger
St. Paul's or any other public building.
mauvaise humeur allait l'emporter, quand le centaur, tom- 'the plan which he had sketched was not an official
prenant qu'il pouvait m'avoir please, se leis, vient moi,
one. It had been prepared by Mr. Hemans and
et, avec une franchise toute gracieuse, me dit en Franc aie
—Pardonnez moi, Monsieur, mais votre accident etait himself. It had not been submitted to the Board
raconte d'une mainere si originalo que je n'ai pas pu re- of Works.
sister, et si ces messieurs ont ri et rient encore de si Mr. George Hemans, ,civil engineer, who had
bon cceur, c' est que jeleur al traduitlitteralement vos paroles.
ieme, was then called, and was examined at assistedcon-
the previous witness in drawing up the
—Comma je tardais a Jul repondre, ajouta :—Disposez
de moi, je connais St. Petersburg, et sos usages, et si vous scheme,
voulez me le permettre, je vous conduirai apres dejetmer, siderable length as to the details of the scheme.
chez le magistrat qui pent vous faire retrouver vetre montre. He entirely corroborated the Itatements of Mr.
LC-dessus it m'offrit la main que j'acceptal. Bazalgette,
;and stated, in addition, that ample
Mon nouvel ami, age de trente trente-cinque SW, provision had been made in the plan for the steam
grand, elance, avait dans l'expression du visage, dans le traffic on the:river.
geste et dans la voix tous ce qui denote un parfait gentil-
homme. Ilse nommait, comma it me l'apprit bientot, The committee then adjourned.
Keon (Miles Gerald). Habitant de Londres, et l'un des re-
dacteurs du Horning Post,il etait v enu en Russie pour assister
au couronnement et en donner la relation. M. Keon our
lequel j'aurai souvent l'occasion de revenir, ami particulier
de l'ecrivain celebre Sir Edouard Bulwer Lytton est
Irlandais et Catholique 2616, it emit et parle facilement
le Francais, connait au mieux notre litterature, et comma
helleniste et latiniste it est de premiere force. Malbeu-
reusement• un pen fantasque, ainsi quo tons lee Anglais
gens d'esprit, it se preoccupe fort de sa sante, en faisant pre-
cisement tout ce qu'il faut pour la detruire. Sa maniere de
travailler n'etait ni plus hygienique ni plus rationnelle :
presse de besogne, it passait le jour &flamer; et pais, au liea
de se toucher, it ecrivait toute la nuit, mais alors it le
faisait avec Imo facilite merveilleuse.
Throughout the whole forty-eight chapters into
which this record of M. de Perthes travels in
Russia, Lithuania, Poland, Silesia, Saxony, and
Nassau has been subdivided, the spirit animatin g
every sentence of the foregoing passage is unflag-
gingly sustained. The entire volume may be de-
scribed, if not as an ebullition of high animal spirits,
at least as an effusion, sparkling with good humour
and with evidences of good qualities both in head
and heart, such as the dullest and least sym-
pathetic of readers must find in the highest
degree exhilarating. The secret of our author's
lucidity and volubility, however, is easily
enough told. Has he not himself remarked as
truthfully as sententiously towards the close of his
last page—" Quand un howne vous parle de ce
qu'il somprend bien,il est toujours Clair et eloquent ?"
And, manifestly, he himself understands to the full,
and possesses to the full the happiest qualifications
that go to constitute an almost perfect travelling
companion. The feelings thereby awakened be-
tween himself and his readers are, by the time the
perusal of this pleasant volume has been completed,
not merely those of the most amiable character,
they are feelings right cordially and thoroughly
reciprocated. If M. Boucher de Perthes can in
spirit bid adieu to each of his unseen readers with
an implied rather than articulated au revoir—that
kindly farewell will be echoed back to him as
surely from those who may turn these entertaining
pages with an equally hearty though no less inar-
ticulate a rivedvrla ! With which sentiment—un-
affectedly expressed—we will let our comments
upon the Voyage en .Russia terminate.

GUN AND MORTAR BOATS.
The select committee appointed to inquire into
the circumstances which have caused the alleged
detective state of a considerable number of the
gun and mortar boats of the Royal Navy met yes-
terday—Sir F. Smith in the chair.
Sir B. Walker, Surveyor-General of the Navy,
was first called, and stated that since he had -been
in that office there had been several contracts made,
for the supply of gun and mortar boats. The -wit-
ness then went through the whole list of the
builders of gunboats up to the present time, and
stated that the terms of the contract were that they
should find proper material of every kind. The names,
of all the contractors have been already published.)
By this, of course, was to be understood properly
seasoned wood : but the fact was that there was not
sufficient seasoned timber in the country at the time,
and the builders could not therefore have procured
it. There was very little surplus timber in private
yards, and there would be less since the introdue-
tionmf iron ship-building. We have a return being
made out of the defects in the gunboats. There is
no reason to suppose tnat the defects have been so
great as has been generally supposed. They
have worked well in China. There are 45 hauled
up at Haslar, and 23 have been repaired, and
are in a good state ; 14 have not yet been ex-
amined. The return called for by the House of
Commons is being made. No gun-boats have
been broken up. Two mortar-boats have been,
and some of the gunboats ought to be. The vessels
were built in the depth of winter, exposed to all
the frost and snow, without shelter. The name of
the builder of the vessel broken up was Thompson.
If the gunboats had not been built in the hasty
manner they were, they could not have been sup-
plied in time, while the demand for them was
urgent. In the gunboats now standing over, it
was ascertained that the sap was in the timber.
In one of the boats built by Messrs. Green there
were 100 short bolts and bolts not clinched. It was
impossible to say how it was that, when there
were 100 short bolts in a vessel, it was not disco-
vered by the inspectors. In Messrs. Green's yards
the Government had two resident inspectors, but
the men were working night and day, with frost and
snow on the ground, and exposed to all weathers.
If there had been more inspectors, perhaps the short
bolts might have been detected ; but it would have
required relays of men to inspect, and they could
not be spared. The pressure at the time was enor-
mous. Many of the contractors lost a large sum of
money, in consequence of the rise in wages owing
to the pressure. That was represented to the Ad-
miralty, and a bonus of 355. per ton was allowed on
such vessels as were completed within certain spe-
cified times, and that bonus amounted to £32,500.
Notwithstanding such, the builders were still con-
siderable losers.
By Mr. Bentinck—All the vessels which had been
examined had been found in a more or less defective
state. Fourteen hauled up had not been examined;
but means had been taken to ventilate them. The
boilers had been lifted, and part of the bulkheads
removed, in order to procure internal ventilation,
while precautions were at the same time taken to
avoid too great a draught of air. In December,
1857, after they had been hauled up, they were
examined, and no symptoms of premature decay
had been observed. He did not call that a regular
examination, only an overhauling. In the latter
part of 1858, or early in 1859, all the gunboats
were ready for service. The whole of those vessels
laying up were ordered to be put in condition last
year, and they are now ready for any service to-
morrow.
The committee adjourned at four o'clock.