The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. MONDAY
,EVE,ni-,

ful as Oxford ; and Curk again succeeds in being

represented.

It is a matter of regret that the number of
candidates has decreased to one-half this year,
but this is to be attributed to the very severe
examination to which the candidates were sub-
jected in 1855 ; and we must hope that when the
examination papers are published this year they
will induce more aspirants to present themselves.
We have not seen as yet these papers; but,
judging from the marks at the two examinations,
either the test has been less severe, or a much
better body of men have presented themselves.
The former is the more likely hypothesis. This
year the marks of the last successful candidate
amount to 1,736, a figure which but three men
attained to in 1855. The first marks this year
are higher by 600 than the first marks last year,
and the same difference exists between the marks
of the last successful candidates. The average
mark of the successful candidates was this year
2,112, while last year it was but 1,437. Large
competition is what we want in order to get good
men, and we hope to see more candidates present
themselves for the future. No young man, who
may spend a year or two in reading for this ex-
amination, should consider his time thrown away,
even if he be unsuccessful, for it was one of the
principles on which Mr. MACAULAY'S minute was
founded, that, in conducting these examinations,
care should be taken not to examine a candidate
in anything which, in the event of his being re-
jected, he might regret the study of. This year
a change was introduced into the examination,
one which we consider to have been very impor-
tant. Last year the whole examination was con-
ducted on paper, this year one whole week was
spent in examining the candidates viva voce.
So that in the present method of examination a
better test is afforded of a man's moral qualities,
his courage, self-possession and readiness, points
all-important for the duties which await the suc-
cessful candidate in India.

It is gratifying to know that every young man
may, by his own exertions, obtain a position co-
veted by the most aristocratic parents for their
sons, and which insures not merely independence,
but, with good conduct, future rank, wealth, and
distinction, together with the opportunity of re-
tiring at a comparatively early age, when a bar-
rister in this country might he considered a rising
young man, to the enjoyment of the otium cum
dignitate coveted by all, but which few indeed are
so fortunate as to attain by their own unassisted
efforts.

- - _
COURT CIRCULAR.

OSBORNE, AUGUST 9.

Colonel Foster, commanding Royal Engineers south-
western district, had the honour of dining with her
Majesty yesterday.

AUGUST 10.

The Right Hon. H. Labouchere arrived at Osborne
on a visit yesterday, and will embark in the royal yacht
as Secretary of State in attendance during her Majesty's
cruise.

The Queen and Prince, the Prince of Wales, the Prin-
cess Royal. and Princess Alice, attended divine service
at IVhippingLam church this morning. The Rev. J.
Prothero officiated.

THE QUEEN'S CRUISE TO THE CHAN•

NEL ISLANDS.

PORTS qourff, SIIND AY EVENING.

The Royal steam squadron, under the command in
chief of Captain the Hon. J. Denman, consisting of the
Victoria and Albert and Faisy (carrying the Court), the
Salamander, Commander Meehan ; the Osprby, Com-
mander Blomfield ; the Sparrowhawk, Commander
Cresswell ; the Wanderer, Commander Luce ; the Alac-
rity, Commander Majendie ; the Cormorant, Commander
Bowden ; the Black Eagle, Master-Commander Petley ;
and the Vivid, Master• Commander Williams, all mus-
tered off Odborne last evening.
A 5 this evening the squadron had steam np, and were
moored in order, ready for starting as soon as the Queen
should embark.

The Duke and Duchess of Montrose have left Belgrave•
square within the last few days for their seat in Scotland.
The Right Hon. M. T. Baines, M.P., bas left London
on a short continental tour.

Lady Ballard and daughter have arrived at llllock's
Ro3_al Hotel, Bowness, Windermere.

The Lord Bishop of Carlisle arrived at Ullock's Royal
Hotel, Bo wness, on Friday last.
The Earl and Countess of Bradford have arrived at
his lordship's scat, St. Catherine's, near Bownesp, Win-
dermere.
The Duke of Devonshire has left Devonshire House for
Chatsworth, Derbyshire, where his Grace will receive a
select circle previous to going to Bolton Abbey, his seat in
Yorkshire, for grouse-shooting.
Major-General Doveton, General Sir John Doveton,
K.C.8., and Lady Doveton, are now on a visit to the
LakeP, having arrived at Ullock's Royal Hotel, Bow-
ness, Windermere.

A letter from Hanover announces that M. de Fonton,
Russian minister in that city, had returned to his post.
According to a letter from Galatz, Prince Ghika, ex-
bospodar of Moldavia, intends to retire to Switzerland,
where he has purchased an estate.
M. HoMnguer has left Paris for Belgium to treat on
behalf of the house of Rothschild for the purchase of the
Belgian lines of railway. _ _ _

Letters from Vienna mention that Sir Morton Peto
has been engaged to construct the Empress Elizabeth
(Western of Austria) Railway.
A Frenchman, lately arrived from Sebastopol, reports
that the Russians have raised four of the sunken vessels
—two steamers, a large corvette, and a frigate—and
have set to repairing them.
The Austrian Government has ratified the arrange.
ments for the junction of the Lombard and Piedmontese
Railways, as fixed by the delegates of each country at
Milan.

Miss Nightingale has left Constantinople for England.
She took her departure privately on board a French
wail boat.

The Austrian Government has determined to keep a
certain number of troops in the Principalities until the
settlement of a form of government is deoided upon.
A letter from St. Petersburg states that the Grand
Duke Nicholas had left for Moscow, to inspect the troops
returning from the Crimea. An imperial ukase has
made the military tribunals competent to try females
who may be charged with robbing precious metals in
the mines of Siberia.
PROPOSED CHECK UPON CUSTOMS FRAUDS.—The
Customs authorities at Liverpool have suggested that
the merchants of that port shall issue a detailed list of
the duties paid by each firm in the town, for the pur-
pose of providing a check to the numerous frauds which
have been lately practised by mercantile clerks. It is
believed that a number of firms who object to their af-
fairs being thus open to scrutiny will organise an oppo-
sition to the proposed plan.
ARMY AND NAVY CLUE.—The grand staircase of the
Army and Navy Club is about to be enriched by the
erection of a memorial window, in commemoration of
officers who have fallen in different engagements. The
window, which will be in the Venetian-Italian style,
will be composed of brilliant cut glass. On the window
will be medallions exhibiting the names and dates of the
battles, and the arms of the club. The architraves will
be of Sienna marble, with panels of black marble, on
which will be inscribed, in letters of gold, the names of
the officers commemorated.
EUROPEAN AND AUSTRALIAN ROYAL MAIL CO3l-
- Aug. B.—Contracts have been en-
tered into with Messrs. Thompson and Co., Mr. Scott,
and Messrs. Hill and Co. (of the Clyde), for the con-
struction of three largo steamers for this company.
Two, to run between Southampton and Alexandria, are
to be about 2,000 tons, with engines of 600-horse power;
and the third, to run between Suea and Melbourne,
will he 1;800 tons, and the engines of 650. horse power.
It has been proposed to call them the Sydney, Mel-
bourne, and Australian, which has given rise to an ill-
founded rumour that the new company are about to
purchase the steamers of the old company.
LORD TALBOT DE MALAHIDE.—We understand that
her Majesty has signified her intention of conferring the
honour of the British peerage on Lord Talbot de Mala-
hide, and that the title of Tyrconnell has been selected
by his lordship as that by which he will hold his
seat in the House of Peers.. It may be remembered
that an English coronet was bestowed by Lord Mel-
bourne's Government upon the undie of the present peer,
who was created Lord Furnival in 1839, but the latter
title became extinct on his decease without male issue in
1849. The name of Lord Talbot de Malahide is well
known in the literary world as the President of the
Archaeological Sodiety of Great Britain and Ireland. He
has chosen the title of Tyrconnell in virtue of his rela-
tion as heir general to Richard Talbot, created by James
11. Earl, and afterwards Duke of Tyrconnell, who died
in the service of that Monarch while holding the post of
Chief Governor of Ireland, and whose only sister mar-
ried Richard Talbot, Auditor-General of Ireland before
the Revolution, from whom the present peer is fourth
in direct descent. Since the Revolution of 1688 the
earldom of Tyrconnell was conferred on the Carpenter
in 1761, but became er loot in the person of the
fourth earl in January, 1853

LATEST EWS.

The Moniteur of yesterday publishes the fol-

[owing :

The Emperor arrived at Paris on Saturday at
half-past six in the evening. His Majesty was
received at the Strasburg station by their Excel-
lencies the Ministers, the Prefect of the Seine and
his Secretary-General, the Prefect of Police, and
the directors of the railway.

His Majesty entered an open carriage, accom-
panied by his Aide-de-Camp General Espinaise,
the Prince de la Tour d'Auvergne, and the Mar-
quis Lagrange, and proceeded to the Tuileries,
where the Empress was awaiting his arrival.
Their Majesties then left together for St. Cloud.

His Majesty was enthusiastically cheered by
,he population on the Boulevards and at the rail-

way station.

His Majesty is in the enjoyment of perfect

health.

General Fleury, first Equerry, and General
de Bevillo, aide-de-camp of the Emperor, returned
with his Majesty from Plorabieres.

The Moniteur also publishes the following :
His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs
has received the following despatch from the
French Ambassador at Constantinople :
" THERAPIA, AUG. 9.

" The Russian commander of the city of Kars

has announced to the governor of Erzeronm that
he is ready to hand over the place to the

Ottoman authorities.

" .knapa is occupied by the Russians.
" The inhabitants have fled to the mountains."

Official despatches from Naples do not make any
reference to the asserted determination of King
Ferdinand to change his domestic policy. The
inhabitants and the Legations were sending in
petitions to the Roman Government to get rid of
the Austrians. If their request was not listened
to, they declared that no taxes would be paid.

The Paris correspondent of the Times (second
edition) says :
" The despatch from Therapia contained in to-
day's (Sunday's) Moniteur, stating that the Rus-
sian commandant of Kars bad announced to the
governor of Erzeroum his readiness to give over
the place, confirms, as far as it goes, the predic-
tion lately ventured by part of the Paris press,
that no importance was to be attached to
the hesitations and pretensions of Russia with
respect to the execution of the Treaty of Paris,
that they would not be persisted in, and that all
slight differences would be arranged. But, although
we cannot suppose that M. de Thouvenel would
have telegraphed in such positive terms unless
quite sure of the fact, there yet are persons incredu-
lous as to the frankness and sincerity of Russia, who
still doubt that the treaty will be fully carried out,
and who :think they detect a deep &sign in the
conduct of that Power, which they suspect to have
made peace less from the pressure of necessity than
to put an end to the alliance between England and
France. They argue that Russia, believing it to
be neither the interest nor the inclination of France
again to take the field against her, would not be
sorry to engage in a single-handed contest with
England, against whom she is said to cherish a very
bitter feeling. Independently of the financial con-
siderations which some suppose to exist, there cer-
tainly are motives for thinking that the French Go-
vernment would not willingly again draw the sword
against Russia. The mot attributed to Prince
Orloff, on his returnifrom the Paris Conferences, is
well known—" What a pity," he is reported to have
said to the Emperor Alexander, " that your Majesty's
lamented father did not know the Emperor Napo-
leon ; he would never have gone to war with him•"
Now that better acquaintance has been made, it is
thought a very improbable contingency, at least for
some time to come, that the Gallic and Muscovite
eagles should again stand opposed to each other.
But those who attribute to Russia a desire for a
fresh quarrel with England, and an intention to
seek it by not complying with all the terms of
the treaty of Paris, lose sight, I think, of the
treaty of the 15th of April, and also underrate the
losses and embarrassments which (whatever other
motives and views may have concurred) were
certainly the main inducement to the Emperor
Alexander to accept the terms proposed. There
can be no doubt as to the unpopularity of the war
in the greater part of Russia, as to the immense
privations it imposed, and the heavy burden it was
upon the proprietors of the soil. The want of
railroads and the great extent of country rendered
a march much more fatal than a battle. Wo have
had the most positive evidence from Southern Rus-
sia of the pitiable state in which the troops pro-
ceeding to the Crimea appeared in the towns through
which they passed, of the numbers they left upon
the road, of the inadequate transport for sick and
exhausted stragglers, of the diminution of their
strength by one-half and even two-thirds before
they got to Perekop. Ido not think we need seek
covert motives for the readiness of Russia to make
peace any more than we should be justified in
doubting that, if a disposition be shown to evade
the terms upon which it was concluded, France
will be found as prompt and determined as Eng-
land and Austria in insisting upon their being fully
carried out, and as ready as she ever has shown her-
self, since first we together entered upon the great
contest now at an end, to act with us in the spirit
of frank and cordial co-operation."

FRANCE.
PARIS, SATURDAY.

The Empress yesterday received at the Chateau
of St. Cloud Marshal Duke Pelissier, who was pre-
sented to her Majesty by the Minister of War.
The Emperor arrived at Luneville yesterday
afternoon at a quarter past five, and received from
the people a must enthusiastic welcome. The Em-
peror proceeded to the chateau, and in a short
time afterwards mounted on horseback and rode
to the Champ-de-Mars, where the division of ca-
•alry was bivouacked. This day (Saturday) his
Majesty is to pass in review these troops, as well as
other regiments of cavalry from the adjacent towns;
and after partaking of a grand breakfast, offered
by the inhabitants of Luneville, will take his de-
parture for Nancy. His Majesty has signified his
intention of remaining in this last-named town
only a few minutes, just to receive the authorities
at the railway station, and will arrive in Paris at
about eight in the evening. The health of his Ma-
jesty is excellent.
"The Emperor," says the Messager de Bayonne,
"is to be present at the inauguration of the section
of the railway from Bordeaux to Toulouse, and
from thence will proceed to Biarritz with the Em-
press and the Prince Imperial. This c.remony is
to take place between the 15th and the 20th of this
month."

M. Faidherbe, chef de bataillon in the engineers,
and governor of Senegal, has arrived in Paris,
and has been received by the Minister of Marine
at a private audience.
M. Olozaga, Spanish ambassador at Paris, arrived
two days ago at Bayonne from Eaux Bonnes. After
stopping there about an hour, he left for Guethary, a
small place in the arrondissement of Bayonne,
where his family have been for some days awaiting
his arrival.

The Con stitutlonnel says :—" General Falcon,
who commanded the insurgents at Saragossa, but
who left that city before the entry of General Dulce,
and took refuge in France, proceeded first to Pau ' •
but it is stated that Tours has been now assigned
him as his place of residence."
We read in the Moniteur de la Flotte :—" The
great powers of Europe appear to be endeavouring
at the present time to enter into close relations
with the different countries of the extreme East.
We learn that Rear-Admiral Savozjko has just been
charged by the Russian Government with a pri-
vate mission to the Court of Polrin. His admission
into the capital of the celestial Empire is certain,
and results from one of the clauses of the late
treaty of Kiatka, signed between the Russians and
the Chinese. According to the term et that eon.