The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-06 00:00:00

VIENNA, OCT. 31.—The Wiener Zeitung of this
date contains v. list of the persons who were yes-
terday appointed by the Emperor to be " Ober-
gespane" (Lords-Lieutenant) of the 39 counties
into which Hungary Proper is divided.* Several
of the Imperial nominees are persons of great note
in Austria as well as in the kingdom of Hungary,
but the names of others have rarely been heard on
this side of the Leitha (a small river which forms a
part of the frontier between the province of Lower
Austria and Hungary). The Cardinal-Primate of
Hungary and the Archbishop of Erlau are Ober-
gespane of the counties of Gran and Hevesch " in
perpetuity " (perpetui supremi Conzites). Prince
Paul Esterhazy, Count Leopold Nadasky (not
the ex-Minister of Justice), Baron von Re-
a-ay, and Count Ladislaus Czaky are the here-
ditary Obergespane of the cEdenburg, Comorn,
Thurocz, and Zips counties. Count George Festetics
and M. von Kazinczy are to act as " administrators"
for Counts Fidel Palffy and Philip Battthyani (the
hereditary Obergespane of the Eisenburg and
Beregh counties), who are too advanced in years to
be able to attend to public business. Count Joseph
Palffy will "administrate" for Count Schonborn, the
hereditary Obergespan for the Presburg county, he
being a minor. Several of the new Obergespane are
very able men, but too many of them belong to the
" Old Conservative" or Government party, which
never enjoyed much popularity in Hungary. The
attributes of the Obergespan of an Hungarian
county are as follows :-1. He is a member of the
Upper House (211agnaten-Tafel), even if not a high
noble. 2. At the elections of the various county
employes he has the right to propose three persons, one
of whom must be chosen. 3. He is the President
of the General Congregation of the county. The
Hungarian counties have great privileges, as will
be seen by the subjoined summary of an article
which is contained in one of the Vienna papers :
" If the Stadthalterei-Rath (the head of the Stadt-
holderate at Buda) sends an order, (intimatum) to
the county authorities, a general congregation is
convoked, and the injunction of the Government
officially taken into consideration. If found to be
in accordance with the Hungarian law, it is at once
obeyed, but if not, it is 'respectfully set aside'
(mit Aehtung beseitigt). If the Stadthalterei-Rath is
not satisfied with the decision of the general con-
gregation, ho can appeal to the Court Chancellor,
who, if he approve what has been done by the
Buda official, orders the county authorities, in the
name of his Majesty,' to obey. As a matter of I
course, the order of the Chancellor is taken into
consideration by the general congregation, and if
that assembly be of opinion that it is illegal,
it makes a humble representation' to the King.
If the Monarch thinks his Chancellor is right, he
issues a decree' on the subject. It has now and
then happened that one or other of the county con-
gregations has paid no attention to the Royal
decree, but in such cases the Government has in-
variably had recourse to forcible measures. The
Hungarian county authorities know two kinds of
Imperial commissaries. The one commissary en-
deavours to accommodate matters; the other
enters the county-hall, with his " Kalpag" on his
head and his sabre at his side, and then and
there deposes or arrests the leading members of the
Opposition. You may, perhaps, conclude that
after matters have gone such a length the county
authorities are content to yield ; but such is not
always the case, for it has happened that they have
made known their griefs (gravamina) to the Diet.
The following anecdote will serve to show how very
tenacious the Hungarians are of their rights and pri-
vileges. From 1811 to 1822 no Diet was held in
Hungary, and no new burdens were imposed on the
country. In 1822,f however, the Government re-
solved to raise recruits in Hungary without de-
manding and obtaining the consent of the Diet.
What happened ? The county authorities openly
refused to obey the orders of the Stadthalterei-
Rath, and of the Court Chancellor, and offered pas-
sive resistance to the decree of the King. Royal
commissaries made their appearance, a Vice-Gespan
was publicly arrested in one of the county-halls,
and cast, with many other patriotic men, into pri-
son. The soldiers required were at last raised, but
when the Diet met in 1825 the late Emperor Francis
thought fit to declare that what had happened ' had
greatly pained his paternal heart.' "
A German, who has just returned from Hungary,
says that everything is being turned " topsy-turvy"
in that country. Some of the Imperial institutions
have already been done away with, but their Hun-
garian substitutes have not yet been introduced, so
that great confusion prevails. The Chancellor has
issued orders that the Hungarian language shall be
employed in all the public offices; but for the moment
the thing is impossible, as very many of Baron Bach's
proteges only know Bohemian and German. "The
more intelligent classes,"said my informant, " have
given a passably good reception to the Imperial
ordinances, because they feel that a great deal can
be made of them; but hardly one Hungarian in a
hundred considers them perfectly satisfactory.
The 'sandal' noblest and peasants are likely to
prove vary difficult to manage, as they have been
taught by revolutionary agents to believe that
Hungary will not be responsible for any part of the
national debt if she is altogether separated from
Austria." M. George von Mailath, who was one
of the most eloquent of the Hungarian members of
the Reichsrath, has been appointed " Tavernicus,"
or Chief of the Finance Department of Hungary.

The office of "Judea Curia" has been left
vacant, as a hope is still entertained that M. von
Deak will allow himself to be persuaded to ac-
cept it. Baron Sennyey, whose antecedents

* Formerly there were 49 counties and six " separate
districts" in the kingdom of Hungary, of which the Banat
and Servian Voivodina formed an integral part. There are
three counties in Croatia, and the same number in Slavonia,
t The year in which Austria sent an army to Naples.
The petty nobles in Hungary are called "boeskoros
nerves," from their wearing sandals,
§ Tho Protestant who was imprisoned for a time at
Casella.%