The Sun.
London, England, 1860-04-07 00:00:00

RUSSIA.

The Abeille du Nord, of St. Petersburg, expresses
itself as follows on the present situation of Italian

affairs :

" Central Italy having been called on to decide its own
fate by means of universal suffrage, has pronounced. The
populations of Romagna, Parma, Modena, and Tuscany
have almost unanimously declared for annexation to the
constitutional kingdom of Victor Emmanuel. Thus, the
fate of Central Italy is decided. All that remains to Europe
is to respect the will of the people, freely expressed, or to
send a numerous army into Italy to dictate the law of the
strongest. But that fatal law has so long weighed on Italy,
and has caused her so much suffering, that she will no
longer submit to such a yoke,
.and will no doubt prefer all
the horrors of a desperate conflict, though knowing that
she could not resist coalesced Europe. But the time of
armed interventions has passed away, and in the present
case none would be justifiable in 'ltaly."

The Invalide Kum, of the same city, has the
following on the Swiss affair :

" This question may, no doubt, occasion some embar-
rassment, but we do not think that it can lead to a conflict.
The protest of Switzerland would have been grave, if the
Great Powers which had signed the treaties of 1815 had
supported it. But did the Federal Council come to an wt.
derstanding with them before deciding on that demonstra-
tion? This point is still a diplomatic mystery. Never-

theless, we doubt greatly that an understanding has been
come to. A protest is worth nothing except it be supported
by force of arms ; otherwise it is a dead letter. In quarrel-
ling with France, Switeerland does no good to any
one. It appears to us that it would have been better
for her to have addressed herself in an amicable way
to tho Cabinet of the Tuileries before taking such
a decisive step, and before forgetting that not very long ago
the mediation of Napoleon 111. saved her from a disastrous
conflict with Prussia about the affair of Neufchatel. In-
gratitude rarely produces good fruit."

A letter from Rome, in the Independance, says I,
—"General de Lamoriciere has inspected the troops
at Ancona and other places, and is now expected
here. According to letters received from him, be
has seen from 14,000 to 16,000 Papal troops, which
are composed of good soldiers, but have indifferent
officers. It is said that an attempt is to be made
to engage competent officers in the Catholic cantons
of Switzerland, and that a person has been sent to
Spain to endeavour to enrol there some officers of
superior grade.

A Vienna letter states that in the provincial
statutes about to be published the old distinction of
four classes is maintained—nobles, clergy, bur-
gesses, and peasants—against which the Tyrolese
have so often protested. The attributions of the
provincial States will be purely local, and willonly
extend to ameliorations of secondary importance.
Consequently little good is expected from the
change.

A letter from Athens of the 30th ult. says :--6]
have to announce a partial change in the Ministry
said to be the result of a Court intrigue. M. Rallis
the Minister of Justice, has been replaced by M,
Potlis, who held the office three years ago.

ments.

The Madrid journals of the 2d state that a tele-
graphic despatch received by the Government an-
nounce that a band of 30 horsemen had raised the
standard of insurrection on behalf of Count de Mon-
temolin, at Arenda de Duero, in the province of
Burgos, and that the Captain• General of the pro-
vince had arrested, "by way of precaution," two
noted Carlist chiefs, brothers of the name of
Hierros, who had long been resident in the city.
Aranda de Duero is in the north of Spain, at a con-
siderable distance from the place in which General
Ortega attempted a rising.

A letter dated Vienna, April 4, says :—" The
object of the Emperor Napoleon in wishing to have
a Ministerial Conference for the settlement of the
question relative to Chablais and Faucigny is
very obvious. If a Conference should meet, the
French Monarch will play Jupiter, and magnani-
mously give Chablais and Faucigny to Switzerland
—if the Powers will recognise his right to the other
parts of the Savoy. At Berne it is affirmed that
all the Powers have promised to let Switzerland
have the benefit of their good offices; but those
of Austria and Russia will hardly be worth much.
This Government must recently have tried to per-
suade Prussia to guarantee to it the possession of
Venetia, for during the last week more than one of
the Berlin papers has declared it would be suici-
dal' should Prussia engage to do battle in defence of
Venice. It is related that Frande is endeavouring
to bring about a reconciliation between Russia
and Austria, in order that she may be able to
come to an understanding with them in re-
gard to the dismemberment of Turkey, but I
am not inclined to attach any great importance to
the report. About six weeks ago Prince Dolgo-
rouki was agitating in Servia, but he was recalled
by the Emperor Alexander, at the request of the
Porte. Not long since it was proposed to hold a
conference at Constantinople for the regulation of
Servian matters, but, for some reason or other, the
Russian Government did not approve the project.

PROTEST OF THE DUCHESS OF

TAR]IA.

The following text of the protest of the Duchess
of Parma has been received at Mr. Reuter's

office :

lye, Louisa Maria of Bourbon, Regent of the

States of Parma, in the name of Duke Robert

"In presence of the facts which have just been
accomplished in the States of Duke Robert 1., our
well beloved son, and in particular in presence of

the pretended popular wishes issued illegally on

he 11th and 12th of March inst.; and of the usur-

pation of the same State consummated by their an-

nexation to a neighbouring State :
" We consider it a sacred duty to again raise our
solemn protestations.

" We protest at first against the pretended right
of dedition proclaimed in favour of the peoples ; a
new encouragement brought forward to withdraw

hem from obedience to the constituted Govern-

" Against the proceedings taken by the Govern-
ment of his Majesty the King of Sardinia to obtain
at any price the manifestations of the populations

of the Duchy in his own favour.
" Against theviolence imposed upon the Parmesan
peoples by the agents of the Piedmontese Govern-

went. We know of old the true sentiments of the

nhabitants of the Duchy. We have had. numerous

proofs of them in memorable occurrences during

our Regency, and even at a more recent period.

The sentiments are those of attachment to the auto-

nomy of their country, of fidelity to their legiti-
mate Sovereign. It is under the intimidation of
threats, under the corruption of intrigue, under the
pressure of terror, it is after the oaths to the Bing
Victor Emmanuel which have been imposed under
the penalty of destitution to the employe• of all

he branches of the Administration ; it is in con-

sequence of the general discouragement produced
by nine months of uncertainty, skilfully main-
tained,:and of terrible dangers ; it is by such means
that the manifestations of a suffrage falsifiedbefore-

hand were extorted from a considerable number of
individuals. These manifestations, planned abroad,
contrary to the permanent interests of the popula-
tions, as well as to the rights of the sovereignty
and to the independence of the State, cannot have
the least moral value, and we therefOre declare
them to be void and of no effect.
" We further protest—
"'Against the annexation of the States of •ur
well-beloved son to the dominions of the House of
Savoy—an annexation accepted and consummated ;
and therefore we protest no less _ _ _

" Against the acts of acceptation and the taking
possession of the said States than against whoso-
ever has contributed, by his counsels or his aid, to
encourage it or to effect it.
" This annexation is a flagrant violation of
European treaties, of all the principles of interna-
tional right, and of the inviolability of States and
of Crowns.

"This annexation could not be claimed as a legi-
timate consequence of the war, and we intend to re-
pel always, and, above all, the false reasoning put
forth by the Piedmontese Government, notwith-
standing the sense of the purely defensive trea-
ties between the Duchy of Parma and Austria,
in misconstruing the facts, in order to bring the
Duchy to the condition of a belligerent Power in
the conflict which had arisen between Austria on
the one side and France and Piedmont on the other,
and thus to procure for itself an apparent title to
sake it an object of conquest.
" The whole world knows perfectly that from the
moment when war was declared the only object of
our irrevocable conduct and our persevering efforts
was to protect the independence and the well-being
of our peoples, while observing an attitude of neu-
trality.
" This neutrality, such as was permitted to us by
the treaties, but nevertheless true and legitimate,
was violated by the entry of the foreign troops at
Pontremoli. We protested at that time, and we
did not leave our States until our protests no more
sufficed to protect the sacred rights of our eon.
" Our neutrality rested upon solid reasons of
right and of fact, which have served to cause the
rights of the Duke of Parma to be recognised and
reserved in the Treaty of Zurich. It is, neverthe-
less, always superior to the conditions and to the
vicissitudes of that treaty. Founded upon inter-
national right, it is imperishable.
" The right of the Duke Robert to the States of
Parma is ancient, acknowledged, confirmed, and
entire. It has been guaranteed by the European
Powers in the treaties of 1815 and of the 10th of
June, 1817 ; it has received an implicit confirmation
of the King of Sardinia by the international treaties
concluded since that epoch, and especially by the
treaty of peace stipulated between Austria and
Piedmont the 6th of August, 1849, to which, by
Article 5, the Duke of Parma was invited to ad-
here, which he did. This right, according to the
principles recognised and supported up to the pre-
sent in Europe, cannot be replaced by a pretended
right of popular suffrage, still less by the unlimited
right which would have peoples give themselves to
a foreign Sovereign.
"Therefore, the offer of the States of Parma,
which the Piedmontese Government has procured
for the Xing of Sardinia by revolutionary means,
their acceptation and their consummated annexa-
tion by the decree of the King Victor Emmanuel
of the 18th March, 1860, are acts of a guilty and
odious spoliation to the detriment of our be-
loved son Duke Robert I. and of his successors.
" Mother, Guardian, and Regent,
" We protest anew, in the interest of our dynasty
and of the peoples of the States of Parma, against
all the unjust acts which we have just noticed, a.
well as against their consequences.
" And, without waiting an examination, to which
the Powers of Europe could submit (even by
Article 19 of the Treaty of Zurich) the new order of
things created in Italy, we appeal to the said
Powers. We claim their support, andtwe trust
with confidence to their equity as well as the justice
of God.
' " The present protest will be notified to all the
Powers who signed the treaties of 1815 and 1817,
and to the other friendly Courts.

" LOUISA.

"Zurich, March 2'3, 1860."

LETTER FRO3f as IR ROBERT PEEL T 0
CHEVALIER BUNSEN:

The following letter, which was addressed twenti
years ago by Sir Robert Peel to Chevalier Bunsen,
is published in a biography of the great statesman'
written by Herr Kunzel :—" My dear Herr 81111-
sen,—The only purpose of this is to invite you
to
dine with me and Herr Cornelius on Friday 11e24.
I assure you that whatever attention I may Wier
paid to this distinguished artist I am abundantlf
rewarded by the satisfaction which I derive frail
his personal acquaintance. He is one of a nobl:
people, distinguished alike in every art of war tinii"
peace. The ultimate union and the patriotism c;
this people, spread as it is over the centre
Europe, will offer the best guarantee for the pea
of the world and the most powerful check for the
propagation of doctrines pernicious alike to !JO
cause of religion and order, and to that freedom Vg hie
respects the rights of others. It is my earnest her
that every member of that illustrious race, "%Irk!!!
he loves the country of his birth, will extend til,'"f
devotion beyond its frontiers, and pride hirlis%
upon the name of a German acknowledging
common fatherland to be entitled to the love,
sentiments. of every German are, I hope,
tion, and patriotic exertion of all its sons. 1.11
estimated by me, when judged from thoEo end a
cued in my breast—the breast of a stranger an „
tO
foreigner--by a simple song, which seems 609.
centrate within itself the will of a powerful nay
—a song which proclaims in enthusiastic words
correcti

' That they shall not have it,
The freo German Rhine I' al be
No, they shall not have it, and the Rhine .kill be
protected so long as the feelings ins
song are glowing in every 'Teutonic heart.
00 .in,
you will believe me a regular German if 1 ra wel-
this way. If cordial wishes for the union anwne, I
fare of the race can give me a title to that ':' s:c.,
am one.—Believe me, my dear
`Her Bunsen' 1.,'
BB 11.0
tO #
The Bank of France has increeised froTii c':i'do t°
per cent. its commission for paying railvol div
holders of shares, pired by tilos