The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-03 00:00:00

NAPLES.

Mr. SHERIDAN asked the First Lord of the Treasury
whether, in the event of an outbreak of the Lazzaroni at
Naples, the English representative had instructions and
means at hand sufficient to protect the English residents at
Naples ?
Lord PALMERSTON said the English representativeat
Naples had received the instructions necessary to provide
for the security of English residents in the town in ques-
tion.

THE PROPOSED CONFERENCE.

In reply to Sir R. PEEL,

Lord J. RUSSELL said that her Majesty's Government
had acceded to the proposal made with reference to a con-
ference to be held in relatioi to the annexation of the neu-
tt alined provinces of Savoy and Switzerland, and ho be-
lieved that Russia had also acceded to the proposal.
FINANCE.

Mr. AYRTON asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer
when he intended to make his statement of the financial
arrangements to complete the provision for the service of
the year ?
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that
the course usually adopted was to obtain the votes neces-
sary for the public service, and then for the Chancellor of
the Exchequer to make a statement, which he was pre-
pared to do at the proper time.
EUROPEAN FORCES (INDIA) BILL.
The adjourned debate on the amendment to the second
reading of this bill, to the effect that it be read a second
time this day six months, was resumed by
Mr. RICH—He considered that this question was one
of vast importance, and naturally affected the interests of
this country as well as the moral and material prosperity of
India. The measure proposed to make a permanent addi-
tion to the standing army of this country of between 70,000
and 80,000 men in order to meet the requirements for the
force necessary to be maintained in India. There were
many arguments in favour of continuing a local force in
India, and some of them were so powerful that he was sur-
prised hon. members could for a moment be induced to
give their sanction to a measure like the present. He
Legged also to draw the attention of the house to the
fact that the bill was at variance with the opinions of the
most competent authorities in regard to the affairs of India.
He called on hon. members who might not be practically
acquainted with the subject to deliberate before they as-
sented to a bill like the present, which :he believed was
pregnant with the most disastrous elements in regard to
English dominion in India.
Mr. TORRENS followed on the same side.
Sir DE LACY EVANS complained of the manner in
which this important question had been brought before the
house, without the necessary information. From the por-
tion of the papers recently produced, the question, he said,
wore in many respects quite another aspect, especially;with
reference to the opinions of Lord Clyde and Sir William

Major PARKER, speal:ng from an experience of 17
years in the Indian army, said that the local European
force had always shown themselves ready to serve in any
part of the world, as was proved by the fact that they had
served in Java, Mauritius, and elsewhere, as well as in
Egypt, under Sir Ralph Abercrombie. The number of
European troops necessary for maintaining our Indian em-
pire had been very much o saggerated. He thought that
by a judicious admixture of castes in the native army, and
requiring more vigilance on the part of the officers, the
number of European troops might be materially dimi-
nished.
Colonel NORTH supported the bill, and observed that
whilst ho entertained no doubt respecting the gallantry of
the local European corps, ho could not forget that gallantry
and discipline were very different things; and it was quite
clear to him that the men who had taken part in the late
mutinous proceedings were not to be relied upon.
Sir C. WOOD said he would be justified in considering
this as a continuation of the former debate. One reason
assigned for not agreeing to the second reading by one hon.
member was, that papers had been kept back which ought
to have been laid before the house. Now, as he had already
explained, these papers were not in his custody, but in the
hands of a gentleman of the highest honour, and who had
acted with the strictest impartiality. What he had before
stated on the subject was this—that he was unwilling to
depart from the policy of the late Government ; but the
events that had since occurred had placed the question in a
very different position from that in which it stood last year,
and
.he was sure that the course he now proposed was the
course to be pursued. He had hesitated long before he had
come to any decision, but he felt sure that the decision he
had arrived at was the only one that could safely be pursued.
At present the highest authorities considered that not less
than 80,000 men should be retained in India. The measure,
ho repeated, did not affect the reorganisation of the Indian
army. Having defended himself from the charge of with-
holding, up to a certain period, private letters received
from Lord Clyde and other officials in India, on the ground
that they were confidential communications, and stated
that ho made known their contents when he received per-
mission by telegraph to do so, the right hon. gentleman
referred to another point incidental to the main question
but on which considerable stress had been laid, namely,
his not having consulted the council, and not having pro-
duced the protests and the documents of the council. It
was quite true that he did not, before the decision of the
Cabinet, consult the council collectively, but ho communi-
cated fully, freely, and frankly with them individually upon
the matter. The position of the Secretary of State with a
council was a novelty in this country. He wished, there-
fore, to state clearly to the house what his understanding
was of the law which regulated the relations of the Secre-
tary of State and the council, and to explain why he did not
think that the protests, minutes, or memoranda of the
council, in the state in which they had been produced, could
be received. The Secretary for India could do no executive
act, except after communication with the council. He might
overrule them, but he must communicate with them. In
all other acts which another Secretary of State, say the
Secretary for the Colonies, could do by himself, the Secre-
tary for India must communicate with the council. Should
the majority of the council decide on any such question the
minority might then record their protests, or should the
Secretary of State overrule the whole council, then all or
any of them might record dissent. But to entitle them to
record a protest or dissent, some question must have been
proposed and discussed by the council. The words of the
23d clause of the act were, in his opinion, conclusive on that
point. But the question decided, in the present instance,
was a question decided by tke Cabinet, whether they should
introduce a bill for the reorganisation of the Indian army.
It was not a question to be decided by the council, or upon
which the Secretary of State could act by himself, it was
not a question which could be brought before the council
for decision,
and against the, decisions of which the council
could protest. The late Government came to a decision
upon the subject of the Indian army, and his noble friend
the late Secretary for India did not consult the council, and
he was right in not doing so. lie (Sir C. Wood) did not
consult them in the official sense which would enable
them to record a protest, because he did not think
they were entitled to be consulted in such a manner.
But on the With of May the Cabinet decided upon intro-
ducing the bill, and on the 17th of May he stated the fact
to theanembers of the council. Ho said that according to
the constitution of the Indian Council no member of it was
entitled to register on the council book a protest against a
resolution of the Queen's Government. But he subse-
quently offered to place the question before the council in
such a manner as would enable the members to record any
protest they might think fit. That opportunity they did
not avail themselves of, the opinion seemed to be that it was
too late, that they ought to have been consulted before. He
repeated his offer, pressed it upon their consideration, but

A letter from Naples, of June 25 says :—Sicily,
admired by all who have had practical experience
of its many natural beauties, climate, and undoubted
advantages of position, bids fair to become a peace-
ful and progressive island. But yesterday groan-
ing under the burdens of despotism and tyranny,
bad government, and outraged laws, to-day, having
passed through a fearful crisis of bloodshed unpa-
ralleled in the 19th century—she finds herself
rescued by one noble-hearted man, backed by the
strong arms and firm hearts of a people fighting for
home and freedom. The bitter hour, it is to be
hoped, under God, is passed—a bright unclouded
future already dawns for Sicily. May that future
never again be overcast.
It scarcely requires the hot sun, dust, and mos-
quitoes to excite a sensitive man, who finds himself
on this, the 28th of June, 1860, in the capital over
which reigns for the nounce Bombino, unloved,
uncared for, despised—so numerous are the reports,
so great the fears, so puerile and untrue the asser-
tions which pass from mouth to mouth throughout
each day and night, to begin again at sunrise. Let
me endeavour to give you a few facts.
Garibaldi for the moment has left Palermo for
the interior, and is calmly organising. his troops as
the civil power, and receiving reinforcements ;
2,500 men recently landed from Genoa under
Medici, among whom I believe I may correctly
state is Capt. Peard, so well known during the
Italian campaign. His forces may now be counted
over 20,000 of good fighting men. The Sardinian
tricolour floats over Castellamare, and the Neapoli-
tan fleet have apparently left the waters of Palermo.
The two vessels recently stopped, not taken,
remain at Gaeta, awaiting diplomatic councils
which will terminate, if a spark of justice exists on
any subject with King or Government, in finding
eut that moral belief is not international law, and
a large indemnity must be paid for their illegal
detention.

Garibaldi is working zealously and wisely in
the civil administration of the island, over which he
rules tenderly, and of which he is lord and master—
from the centre all round to the sea, save and ex-
cept the castle of Messina, where, and in the citadel,
there are 12,000 royal troops cooped up, victualled
almost entirely from Naples. It is true they prowl
about at times through the all but deserted city; but
there are few if any inhabitants left to bully, and
there most probably they will be allowed to remain.
Attack them Garibaldi will not; if he does he will
thrash them ; but he has far higher views, and
cannot afford to waste ammunition or valuable lives
wanted elsewhere. He will watch them, to see they
do no mischief; and they will fall eventually into a
net. Two thousand men at least, and many of the
very best officers, have already deserted to him.
His first act of justice was to pay to the Bank of
Naples a debt due by the Sicilian Bank. Such au
act could never have entered into the head of Born-
bino or his advisers. He has also made several very
desirable civil and military appointments, selecting
honest men for what henceforth, it is to be hoped,
will he honest work; abolished the title of excel-
lency as humbug—fancy his Excellency the Chief
of the Neapolitan Police, a literal army of cut-
throats!—and be has also appointed a mis,iion, or
charge d'affaires if you will it, to her Majesty of
England, the King of Sardinia, as also to the Em-
peror of the French. Garibaldi forms a just estimate
of the English character, for, while fighting far
away for the liberties and homes of an oppressed
people, he has left his youngest son at school at
New Brighton ; while the elder, who has been
wounded, shares the fate of a soldier by his side. His
daughter is under the care of kind friends at Genoa.
Let me turn from these acts of valour and honest
purpose to scenes enacting more immediately around
me—scenes which God grant will soon come to a
bright termination; for, on Garibaldi putting foot

(From the Times' Correspendeitt.)
CHUSAN, APRIL 23.
You will have learnt, I suspect, long before this
'otter reaches you, that on the 30th of March the
Adventure, the Scout, with the Tasmania and the
Walmer Castle, and the Simoom, with the Octavia
and Mars in tow, left Hong Kong. iCintang is the
rendezvous of our transports and ships of war. The
island lies between the west end of Chusan and the
Ningpo river, and possesses only one good and small
harbour—viz., that of Ta-outse, which affords an-
chorage in from seven to ten fathoms. Ido not
know what the weather has been on land during
the last few weeks, but I have a lively remembrance
of the weather at sea. Half gales and gales of
wind have followed one another in rapid succession.
The voyage from Victoria to the " Silver Island" is
sufficiently monotonous. The coast line is rocky
and barren, dull and dreary. The little Botelto-
bago, Formoza, Video, and Fisherman's Group rise
up like an oasis in the desert waste of waters. As
we crawled along northwards the weather grew
colder, and the theremometer fell as low as 6813
degrees. I never saw before so many land birds
at sea. The little chimney swallow flew for days
about our ports and rigging, and was easily cap-
tured by the hand of the amateur naturalist, who
strove in vain to keep his feathered visitor alive.
Our only other feathered companion was the gar-
rulous sparrow, who, believing discretion to be the
better part of valour, sat on the mainyard, but we
could hear occasionally the shill' cry of the snipe,
blown away by boisterous gales from his home
among the reeds of marsh and river.
On the morning of the 23d of April we dropped
anchor in a fog of peasoup thickness, among the
islands about Kintaug. Fog-horn, bell, bugle, and
the sharp report of a nine-pounder rang out an in-
tervals, making melancholy music in the ears of
those who were within pistol-shot. Our guns met
at last with a response, and we knew from the
salute of four guns and sound of the bell that there
was a war steamship somewhere at hand. As the
fog cleared off a little we saw the Walmer Castle
standing outside the channel, and within half a
mile of us lay at anchor the unsightly barque Cressy,
of London, containing part of the 67th Regment,
and that fine, black, wicked-looking screw corvette
the Pearl now flew past,—one of those dare-devil
Peninsular and Oriental mail steamers, en route, I
suppose, for Shanghai. One would have thought
that she was ploughing on the sunniest day the
waters of the safest channel in the world.
Nothing is more striking than the contrast be-
tween the inhabitants of the south and north of this
vast empire. There can be no doubt but that a hot
climate deteriorates gradually the powers of man,
both physical and mental. The China rebel is weak
and puny compared with the Tartar. Even the
inhabitants of this coast and island world cannot
be compared with the denizens of Victoria. They
are strong and sturdy, with a full muscular develop-
ment. The majority are tall, and in manner won-
derfully vivacious. Hardship, outdoor exercise,
and simple fare have developed their figure. Opium
has not shattered their constitution, nor lent them
that intensely apathetic, stupid expression of
countenance common to the votaries of the drug.
With less ingenuity in the arts of peace, they
are not less energetic nor fortunate in the art
of war. Thousands combine the trade of fisher
and pirate. The smaller junk is the servant of
the larger, and the wreck of the merchantman
is the prey of both. Possession is the whole,
and not nine-tenths, of the law of China. The
fisherman seldom makes use of the net, but sets
deep sea lines (similar to those employed in the
Newfoundland and Mediterranean fisheries), which
are attached to buoys, plainly marked by a rude
flag and flagstaff. Every fishing junk is furnished
with two boats, and the fish captured is transferred
to one or other of the numerous compartments or
tanks into which its deck is divided. Monster cod-
fish and conger eels, which are by no means coarse
to my mind, but capital eating, abound. A few days
ago we longed for a few fresh fish, and despatched
a foraging party in quest of some. At the sight of
the western barbarians, looking very ferocious in
their long beards, moustaches, and whiskers, John
Chinaman beat a precipitate retreat, lashing the
water in the national way, alternately with bow
and stroke oar. It was a glorious race, and caused
groat laughter, our Jack Tars, though compelled to
give up the chase, enjoying the fun immensely. At
noon on the 24th we all weighed anchor, for the
fog, dense as a London November one, drifted away
before the rising breeze, while from out the gray
clouds peeped the sky blue as turquoise. As it grew
dark we again anchored in the 'l'aeshan channel'
and a storm came up from the north. Rain fell
heavily, thunder roared afar, and the vivid sheet
lightning gave us momentarily a splendid view of
sea and sky, ship and mountain.
Owing partly to the uncertain orders given by
the Pearl, and an adverse tide running from four-
and-a-half to five knots, we did not get under way
much before dusk on the 24th, when we were towed
until 10 30 p.m. The Pearl fired. on approaehing
Tit outse harbour the usual salute of 11 guns, which
was returned with a salute of seven by the 50• gun
frigate Itnperieuse. We steamed past the harbour
at four p.m. CAtching a glimpse of the ships
at anchor, there were the Adventure, the
Roe-
buck, the Scout, 21 guns, the Tasmanl.eamer,
a, the
Octavio, and an Oriental and Peninsular
Two stwith gunboats French and English.
gun-
boats led the way, and we anchored at dusk in
Bell Channel, passing the Peiho, bound for
Ta-ontse harbour with French marines. The
looked island of K more beautiful,ingtag never
All the lower ranges of its irregular hills, look-
ing like a succession of gigantic mole hills, and
covered with tea plantations, shone out so green
that one's eyes rejoiced in tite brightness of the
colour. The small villages with their many neatly-
thatched mud cottages and few houses of staring
red brick, half hidden in the grey wreaths of smoke
curling along the valley, the fresh and fragrant
breeze blowing off the land, the blithe music of the
;song birds, and even the monotonous, yet loud and

I - I have explored the town of Tinghae. It is sur-
rounded by a large wall, which you enter by four
massive gates, hardly less venerable-looking than
I those at Winchester. The streets are about two
yards in width, and there is an air of poverty about
the shops. Tailors abound, and the drapers seem
to be in the most flourishing circumstances. I sat
for a few minutes in a barber's shop, where two
haircutters were operating on two heads. Around
the walls of the room hung illustrations from the
/thrstr(ited _London News and Pictorial Times. A
gentleman pays 100, a shopkeeper 30, and a poor
man 10 cash for being shaved. The joss-houses
are the most interesting sights by far. They are
all dark, and many of the horrible gods manufac-
tured of wood, either painted or gilded, are 30 feet
or more in height. The majority are armed with
swords or snakes, and look daggers, while others
touch the guitar. In the inner court of one
temple we found some alms-houses full of reli-
gious widows, or widows who, not choosing to
marry again, have thrown themselves upon their
church for support. They have had one day's notice
to quit from the Engineer Department. The channel
which passes through the town is now covered
daily with boats, containing the families frightened
away by our approach, with all their household
goods and gods. On all the gates of the town
are pasted mandarin proclamations. John China-
man translates them, " Chinaman no kick up a bob-
bery, Englishman no fightey Chinaman."
I called on a Chinese mandarin with some friends
a few days ago. Our courier led the way. The draw-
ing-room was poorly furnished. The well-polished
chairs looked antique, and the walls were adorned
as usual with inscriptions. We were soon sur-
rounded by a retinue of servants and the mandarin
appeared in the midst laughing and smiling. He
then took us across a court-yard to another part of
the house, and, opening two large doors, we saw a
small garden with a little grotto of rockwork, in
the centre of which was a small stone chair and
table. Before it was a tank full of fish, and at the
the side was a gallery of pencil sketches, very
valuable, no doubt, in the eyes of the possessor.
Now we sat down, and some cups of tea were
brought in, xpon which, oceording to instructions,
we stood up and chinchinned the mandarin, sitting
down again when he resumed his seat. We asked
for some flowers, beautiful, though scentless, and
they were plucked from a tree heavy with blossom.
Some were pink and pale, about the size of mag-
nolias, others were deep and bright aspomegranato
blossoms. The Chinese are as jealous as all
Oriental nations about the privacy of the female
members of their household. Stray glances, how-
ever, have given me glimpses of some of the fairest
and prettiest faces I ever saw in my life.
At one of the gates of the city stands a roulette-
table, hourly thronged chubby by children gam-
bling for lollypops. Not far off a man is preparing
opium, and in yonder dark room three men with
ghastly faces, stretched at full length on couches
covered with grass mats, are smoking it, The
market is full of live stock. Here are eels, and
there are water snakes looking green and loathsome
in my eyes, but very inviting in those of John
Chinaman. The wooden candlesticks in shop win-
dows aro curious. They are simply socketless
sticks in wooden platters, and when I buy ono the
shopkeeper hammers a nail into the top, on which
I am to drive my cane-wicked candles-16 for
a shilling. The picture-frames of carved wood are
both pretty and curious. The price which I_ am
asked is 3 dols. a frame, and 1 know that after a
gongs, and burning
little bargaining I could get three frames for 2 dols.
For the last] few nights the mariners have been
of the stern
propitiating Joss with guns,
byatlohmueut tide.
tdhe 'movement of the
paper, which is droppedof the
depends upon•
junk and floated away
Nothing is yet known_
the arrival of
troops, and everything
Lord Elgin. I believe that Chusan will, in the
event of a campaign in the north, become a depot,
and that only 500 men, furnished in all probability
by some Indian native corps, will remain there in
addition to the European Military police. The
islanders have no means of defending themselves,
they are naturally poor and peaceable, and as trade
is in""si(krable, they oidy consult their own in-
terests in keep;
b the peace.

_ - -
PROGRESS OF THE GREAT _EASTERN,

The American packet ship City of Boston, which
arrived in Liverpool on Satut day, reports that on
the 2d of June, in lat 45, long. 30, she exchanged
signals with the Great Eastern, which had the fore
and aft sails all set, and she was making good pro•
tress through the water.
The following are the reports made by th© diffe-
rent vessels which have spoken the Great Eastern,
and by comparing them an estimate may be easily
formed as to her rate of progress :
Long.
Name of Vesseld Day. Hour. Lat.

Marco Polo June 20 Noon.
S. Gildersleve ~ 20 ; 4 0 p.m.
Cosocoro ' „ 20 6;30
''S

4748 N.
47.12 N.
46.50 N.
47•28 N.
45,50 N,

22.50 W.
24.30 W.
24'40 W.
25.10
ao,

Tuseorora.....] 20 ff
Cityof Boston..l ~ 22 , 4 0