The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 10, 1860.

to look upon the old General Assembly of the
Counties as the oiny one he could venture to call.
Some may possibly imagine that the laws of
1848, which are now so steadily demanded by the

Hungarians, must be, of course, revolutionary,
almost Republican. This is a great mistake.
They are what even Conservatives in this country
would, for the more part, deem very moderate.
The franchise was fixed really high. The chief
object was to secure precisely the liberties we
enjoy here, to abolish feudal service, to protect
the press, and to place finance and the army in the
same sense as in England, under the control of the
people's representatives.
Among the laws of 1848, which received the
sanction of FERDINAND, on the 11th of April in
that year, the principal seem to have been these,

as enumerated by M. SZABAD-Ist. An annual
Diet to be held at Pesth, and the members to be no

longer bound, as before, by instructions from the
counties. 2d. That the King could not dissolve
the Diet till the Budget was settled. 3d. The
President of the Upper House to be appointed by
the King, and that of the Lower elected by ballot.
4th. The elective franchise to consist of a posses-

sion of property in a town to the value of £3O, and
a corresponding value in a county. sth. The
elective franchise to be conferred irrespective of
income on physicians, lawyers, teachers, all other
earned professions, manufacturers, and trades-
6th. The Diet to consist of 446

men.

members, 377 for Hungary and the annexed

territories, Croatia and the three Sclavonian coun
tries, and 69 for Transylvania. 7th. Payment of
deputies •to be 10s. per day. Bth. The principle
of general taxation for all classes of the population.
9th. The Robat—feudal labour, to be abolished, as
well as tithes to the landlord and clergy—a fair
compensation, however, to be arranged, especially
for the poorer clergy. There were laws also re-
lating to the University and the National Guard—
the irremovability of the judges, and, above all, to
the liberty of the press.
The object of the man who claims to be King of
HUNGARY is illegally to ignore what the last King
of HUNGARY did legally ; and to treat the
twelve years illegal attempts to enforce the
centralisation scheme of Prince SCWARTZENBERG,
as a legal cancelling of the nation's rights. The
Hungarians refuse to acknowledge the Imperial
Revolution, effected contrary to the fundamental
laws of Hungary, by the lulling in of a foreign
army. If compacts, treaties, and laws are to be
respected, and the wretched HAPSBURG is ready
enough to demand respect for them, if they will
help him to keep a province, then FRANCIS JOSEPH
ought to go on his knees to the Hungarian nation,
and not the nation to him. Nothing in Italy can
compare with the violence, treachery, and revolu-
tionary character of all his dealings with Hungary,
and sincerely do we hope that the prudence, self-
command, and firmness of the Hungarians, aided
by propitious events without, will compel the
young despot—old enough in political crime—to
humble himself to those whom he has wronged.
The Hungarians would, indeed, deserve to suffer
for their folly if they placed themselves in the hands
of a thorough HAPSBURG, without taking constitu-
tional precautions which he could not break through.
It were mere weakness for a nation of noble-minded
men to sell themselves to an heir to all the vices of
generations of Hapsburgs. It is the very nature of the
race to cheat, to cajole, and when they have deluded
their victims and brought them within reach of their
spring, to seize them with a deadly grasp. Like the
feline race they can never be tamed. The liberties
of their subjects are the prey on which they de-
light to live, and the sight of them ever invites
attack. Or, to view them in another light, they
regard constitutional arrangements as so many
ignominous fetters and bars, which they watch the
first opportunity to burst. The business of the
Hungarians is to see that they cannot burst them.
Possibly, if the dynasty could receive the discip-
line of half a century -or more of con-
stitutional training, and find, by experience,
that there are nobler pleasures in royalty, like that
of our QUEEN'S, than in the self-will of absolutism,
they might be a little more safely trusted. A
people's liberties, however, depend on a people
being their own watchdogs.
One gratifying fact is, that the parte: annexce,
Croatia, and the Slavonian prOvinces and Transyl-
vania, all of which Austria uses every means to
keep separate from Hungary, seem all to prefer
uniting with her, as of old, as federally parts of
the Hungarian Kingdom, sending their dele-
gates to the National Diet, and admi-
nistering their own affairs according to their
hahits and usages. It has indeed always been a
part of Hungarian policy from the days of their
famous King STEPHEN at the very commencement
of the 11th century, to respect scrupulously the
peculiarities of each section of the nation. The
smaller annexed provinces were not merely allowed
their natural customs, it was the preferred policy.
While Austria has treacherously laboured to Ger-
manize Hungary and all besides, Hungary sedu-
lously abstained from endeavouring to Hun g arianize
the provinces which were united to her Crown.
Shejustly held that their energies would be better
developed in their own way. Probably, therefore,
even the Croats, whom Austria seduced to their
own ultimate enslavement to rebel against
Hungary in 1848, now fully understand that
their only guarantee for independence is in union
with Hungary. Transylvania, though in large
part of Saxon origin, shares the same feelings,
though fictitious deputations to Vienna are got
up to present the opposite appearance. There
is, therefore, every ground to anticipate that,
eventually, German functionaries and German sol-
diers will have to return to the place whence
they came, and leave the noble people and king-
dom to self-government and liberty. The Hunga-
rians are a generous race; and when they have
secured all they so justly demand, they will readily
co-operate with the German part of the Empire, in
everything but oppression. Their fault has been
readiness to forgive not readiness to rebel. They
must now take final guarantees, that further
rebellions shall not be needed.

THE PRINCESS ALICE.—The marriage of the
Princess Alice, according to the Observer, has been defini-
tively settled to be solemnised in London, during the ensu-
ing season, with Prince Louis of Hesse Darmstadt. Tho
Prince is the eldest son of Prince Charles, the brother and
heir presumptive to the Grand Duke of Hesse Darmstadt,
who has no children.

THE VACANT GARTER.—There will be a Chapter
of the Garter at Windsor on the 17th inst., when the
Duke of Newcastle will be sleeted one of the knights of that
order.

His Highness the Maharajah Duleep Singh has
arrived at Claridge's Hotel from a tour of visits. His high-
ness leaves town to-day for Windsor Castle, on a visit to
her Majesty. _

The Duke and Duchess of Manchester will leave
town in a few days for Kimbolton Castle, Huntingdon-

shire.

We regret to learn that the young Earl of
Jersey, a student at Eton, is suffering from serious indis-
position.

The Earl of Abingdon comes to town to-day
from Wy, tham Abbey, Berks.

Visco- nntUffington leaves town to-day for Coombe
Abbey, Coventry.
Lady Georgiana Fane, who has been on a tour
in the United States, was at New York when her last
letters wore despatched to this country, Her ladyship is
expected home by obxiatmais.

Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, says the Paris cor-
respondent of the Morning Post, will pass the winter at

Venice.

Sir John and Lady Pakington are surrounded
by a largo party at Westwood Park, Droitwich.
THE MARQUIS OF SALISBURY.—It affords us
much pleasure to learn that the Marquis of Salisbury, up
to yesterday afternoon, was progressing as favourably as
could be desired after his accident on Friday.

The China telegrams are expected to reach Lon-
don on Tuesday or Wedneseay.

Mr. Edward Everett has prepared a Life of Ben-
jamin Franklin.

News from Italy announces the success of Miss
Whitby at the Opera of Milan.

The model for the monument to Ary Scheffer, at
Dordrecht, is ready for casting,

Madame Clara Novello has departed for Italy,
where'she intends to take up her residence.

THE NEWS FROM CHINA.—At her Majesty's
Theatre on Saturday night, at the conclusion of the first
act of the performance, a gentleman connected with the
theatre came on the stage, and read to the audience the

important telegram from China which was received during
the afternoon, and which we published in our third edition.
The news called forth loud and general applause.

THE EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH.—The Empress
of the French, accompanied by the Marquis La Grange,
visited, on Thursday, the two Houses of Parliament and
Westminster Abbey. Or Friday her Majesty paid a visit
to the Tower of London. Dn Saturday the Empress, accom-

LATEST NEWS.

THE WAR IN CHINA.
FOREIGN-OFFICE, DEC. 8.

The following telegram was received on Satur-
day, at 3 p.m., from her Majesty's Agent and
Consul-General, at Alexandria, dated November
30, 1860.

Two of the gates of Pekin are in our hands.
Park and Loch have been returned to us. Capt.
Anderson and Mr. De Norman have died from
the effects of ill-treament. Captain Brabazon
and Boulby (Times' correspondent), unaccounted
for. The Emperor's summer palace taken and
sacked, affording immense spoil. Emperor fled into
Tartary. Forces to winter at Pekin and Tient-
sing.

The two Ambassadors at military headquarters

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
ROME, DEC. 9.

Counts Trapani and Trani have arrived here.
Count Trani leaves again this morning for Gaeta,
whither Count Trapani will also return shortly.

VIENNA, DEC. 9.

Chevalier Schmerling, a moderate Liberal, has
been appointed Minister of State, but„he is not yet

gazetted.

NAPLES, DEC. 8.
King Victor Emmanuel arrived yesterday, and
will remain here for a fortnight.

The following have been appointed Councillors n
Lieutenancy for Sicily :
La Farina, Director of the
Cordova,
Scalia,
Pisani,

I) 91

Interior.

PI ff

Finance.
Public Works.
Public Instruction.

A desputch received from the camp before Gaeta,
dated the evening of the 6th inst., states that a
trial had been made of the Cavalli battery against
the fortress of Gaeta, with terrible effect.

PARIS, DEC. 8

The Patrie contains the following :

" Disturbances in the Bombay Presidency have
necessitated the despatch to that province of two
regiments, which had arrived at Calcutta from

China."

The Patrie also says :
" The Sardinians will await the fall of Gaeta
before summoning the citadel of Messina to sur-
render, to which, in case of refusal, they will lay

siege."

The French Government is about to grant an
amnesty to the journals for previous infractions of
the press laws.

PARIS, DEC. 8.

The Constitutionnel pretends that there is no
foundation in the news that the Marquis de Lava-
lette had insisted at Constantinople upon the pro-
longation of the French occupation of Syria. The
Constitutionnel also says :—" Up to the present the
convention of the 4th September has not given
rise to any divergence of opinion between the repre-
sentatives of the foreign Powers at Constanti-
nople."

CASSEL, DEC. 8

The Second Chamber has agreed, by 37 against
7 votes to the propositions of the committee ap-
pointed to examine the question of the constitu-

tion.

An ordinance from the Elector decreeing the
dissolution of the Diet, was then immediately read.

THE FRENCH FUNDS.
PARIS, DEC. 8, 3.20 P.m.
The Bourse remains firm. Rentes closed at
69.15, or about the same as yesterday.