The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-24 00:00:00

for goods traffic. The receipts for third-class pas-
sengers were X9'22 per cent. of the whole of the
passenger receipts !—a result which could have
hardly been
.anticipated here, where we are so
accustomed to think of third-class Hindoos as cer-
tainly not having a penny to spare to save their legs.
The goods traffic, however, is actually gaining on
the passenger traffic, and seems likely to do so.
The Report of Mr. JULAND DANVERS, to the
Secretary for the India Board, shows that nearly
5,000 miles are arranged for, and in great part ac-
tually commenced. In one only, the Madras Rail-
way, of which however less than 100 miles are open,
have the receipts fallen below five per cent. on the
capital actually expended. On the East Indian
the return on expended capital has been £7 4s. 10d.
per cent. On the Great Indian Peninsula, £5 14s.
10d. But on the Madras only £2 ls. Bd. Even
this last, however, would be but too thankfully
accepted by many railway companies in England
and elsewhere.

little French trickery on this subject. When the
repeal of the duty was under discussion, the
House was informed that the French Govern-
ment had agreed to take into consideration this
subject;fethe prohibition of the export of rags.
It was so mentioned that all understood the pro-
hibition was to be removed. Probably the Cabinet
itself thought so as well as the House. We esti-
mated French honour by our own. Had
our Government made a similar announcement,
while discussions in the French Chambers were to
be influenced by it—the House of Commons would
have spurned the Minister who could disgrace it by
sharp practice with a foreign country. The French,
I however, have no such sense of honour ; and after
all seemed to be made safe with regard to its own
interests in the British House of Commons, it turned
round and told us that the duties on exportation
should be not abolished but reduced ! And—so
reduced as still to be a virtual prohibition.
Now, therefore, we take to be the time to get
redress for this insult. The duties on French
paper are not yet abolished. Let them remain as
they are. Let France learn that we will not be
exactly made fools of. She is quite welcome to
cancel the treaty if she likes. No one would object
to retain the old duties on French wines, to re-
plenish our exchequer, and to lighten our Income
Tax by the difference ; while we should be
doing but mere justice to our own manu-
facturers. Mr. GLADSTONE, indeed, told the
house the other night that if the House of
Lords did not pass the Bill repealing the English
duty, the Frenchman and the Englishman would
pay the same duty, and the penny countervailing
duty would cease. Mr. GLADSTONE might wish it
to do so. But, we are mistaken in the House of
Commons, if it will not take whatever steps are
necessary to make its retention certain. He pre-
tended that Excise restrictions and expenses were
not sufficient to justify any extra charge, and that
the treaty permitted no surcharge on foreign articles
compared with English manufactures, except what
was requisite to meet the expenses caused by the
English Excise. Even if the treaty is so worded,
we should urge the House to retain the full present
duty in the teeth of the treaty. The French rag
roguery was not fairly before the house when that
part of the treaty was adjusted, and it is the duty
of the House to see that our own manufacturers
are not outwitted.

It is early yet to speculate on what the future o
India will be when Railways shall unite all parts,
bring down her produce to the coast, and open up
each district to the commerce of other districts and
of the whole world; while the electric telegraph
will render internal communication, and communi-
cation with the Ruling country itself, but the work
of hours. But behind all these, and doubling their
value will be the Water Companies. India is pre-
eminently the land of abundant water, yet of
wasted water, and that where nothing else is
needed to convert deserts into gardens. We
speak without exaggeration. Over a vast
part of India the rains descend in torrents incon-
ceivable here—deluge the soil ; flood the rivers ;
create a temporary fertility ; and then flow away
to the sea; the surplus water would give India
several harvests in a year. The structure of the
hills present the required facilities for impounding
the waste :water, and diffusing it over the land
during the rainless months, and while the country
is one vast hothouse; while the rivers themselves
would be made to contribute their share. Rail-
ways, canals, and the telegraph within the tropics,
backed by irrigation to multiply agricultural pro-
duce threefold, present a picture of industrial pros-
perity, which reality as it must become, looks more
like a fable taken from the Arabian Nights, than
a fact founded on the calculations of sober truth.

A clamour is raised by the Gladstonites that, to
retain the penny extra duty, is to contravene the
principles of Free-trade. We are older Free-traders
than those who raise the cry, and we beg to tell
them that we do not think Free-trade requires us to
sacrifice our own manufacturers to the competition
of Emperors. If a monarch chooses to back his
Exchequer against any class of honest tradesmen iu
his own or in foreign lands, of course no private
capital and industry could withstand him. But
it is at the option of other countries to permit him
to ruin their own subjects. Prohibition of the
export of rags in the paper trade is nothing more
nor less than the bestowment of a bounty on
French paper; and we are not the Free-traders to
wish to desert our own mills, because Monsieur
shrugs his shoulders and offers us paper 25 per
cent. cheaper by the help of his Government.
If he will keep his rags at home, let him
keep his paper at home too. If he will throw his
rag trade open we should feel no compunction in
deserting our own manufacturer, provided the
Frenchman gave us a really cheaper article. Our
manufacturers, however, ask no favour. They
merely say let the French withdraw their prohibi-
tion of the export of rags, and we sre ready to meet
them in our own markets and in those of the world.

Another great man has now found a fitting place
of sepulture in the Old Abbey at Westminster. As
more than one who attended the funeral ceremo-
nies on Tuesday last recalled only too vividly to
remembrance, within the narrow compass of the
first half of this year of grace 1860, no less than
three of our most eminent public characters have
there in that mausoleum of genius been interred by
the nation—three celebrated men, each pre-eminent
in his •wn peculiar department. There now repose
the remains of our great historian and essayist,
poet and orator, THOMAS, Baron MACAULAY.
There, too, repose the body of one of the very
greatest engineers of England, of Europe, of the
world, ROBERT STEPHENSON. There lies the
form—last but hardly least—of the most illustrious
architect of his generation, Sir CHARLES BARRY,
Knight and Royal Academician. Had he survived
but a few years longer he would doubtless, upon
the completion of his noblest masterpiece, have
received the additional honour of his elevation to
the baronetcy, in crowning recognition of his ser-
vices, by the SOVEREIGN. Such, however, was not
to be. Sir CHARLES has passed away from amongst
us before that fruition of his labours, labours which
would have rendered the titular evidence of the na-
tional appreciation of his artistic genius, hereditary.
A sudden and unlooked for death has deprived the
Crown and the country of the opportunity of thus
honouring the name of BARRY through his de-
scendants. Happily for the great architect's repu-
tation, his life was so far protracted that he can
hardly be said to have disappeared prematurely
from the midst of his splendid and protracted
labours upon that superb product of his genius as
an architect—the Legislative Palace at Westminster.
There, indeed, hard by his grave, overshadowing it,
overshadowing the loftyhall of RUFUS, overshadow-
ing the twin towers of that grand old Westminster
Abbey—is Sir CHARLES BARRY'S ornate and gigantic
monument. It is deeply interesting to remember
now that Westminster was both the birth-place
and the death-place of our great architect—there
exactly sixty-five years ago, CHARLES BARRY was
born, in the May of 1795, there he has been
solemnly committed to the grave in this May of
1860. And looking above us and around us in the
immediate precincts of that grave we have visible
reasons now for asserting that surely never yet has
any man so magnificently adorned his own
birth-place than Sir CHARLES BARRY has adorned
his down at Westminster. Scattered far and wide
over the metropolis of England—scattered far and
wide over England herself, are evidences of his
enterprise and ability as one of the most accom-
plished and versatile of those cyclopian artists
in stone called architects. Far away northwards,
in the metropolis of Cottendom is that classic
Atheneum of his at Manchester. Close at hand,
in Pall-Mall, stand side by side, those princely
andscommodious club-houses—the Reform and the
Travellers' ! Closer at hand—within view from the
site of his last and greatest achievement, within
viow thence, but for that unsightly (intervening)
block of houses to the south of Downing-street,
doomed, we will yet hope, to be razed to the giound
as de trop in the midst of our surrounding metro-
politan improvements—is the fasgade of the Trea-
sury, as that fascade was, at length happily com-
pleted under Sir CHARLES BARRY'S direction.
But there, running south and west of both Hall
and Abbey in glorious and worthy companionship
with both, is the most memorable of all Sir CHARLES
BARRY'S architectural achievements, the colossal
and gorgeous Palace of our English Parliament.
An artist who could preside over the building up
of such an edifice may surely take rank henceforth
by right among our English Worthies. Living, he
was one of those whom Princes delight to honour.
Dead, he is still one of those whom a nation holds
in its remembrance. A memorial to a man like
BARRY is glaringly altogether superfluous. Inso-
much that it has already, not unnaturally, been
remarked upon the occasion of his interment, as it
was first remarked in the famous mural inscription
to the memory of Sir CHRISTOPHER WREN within
St. Paul's Cathedral—Si inonuinenturn queeris, cir-
cunsspice. Yet would we gladly see—now that
Sir CHARLES BARRY has gone from amongst us—
his effigy in marble added to those of our other
English Worthies adorning the halls, and corridors,
and vestibules of the great palace at Westminster.
A commission to one of our leading sculptors, we
trust, may be forthwith decided upon to this effect,
so that in after times the statue of the distinguished
architect of the whole structure may not be looked
for in vain—but that it may stand there conspicu-
ously upon its appropriate pedestal as his " coun-
terpart presentment."
The farewell honours awarded to the remains of
BARRY on Tuesday last are worthy of the man, of
the locality, and of those who took part in the cere-
monial. There, as the pall-bearers, were the Chief
Commissioner of Public Works, the Right Hon. W.
COWPER, as the representative of the Government—

The Madras Irrigation and Canal Company, to
which we were amongst the first to invite public
attention, is now fairly at work. Nearly half a
million of its capital has already been paid up ; by
far the greater part of it on account of anticipated
calls, and the first part of the works is already
commenced,

The report of the directors we gave yesterday;
since then we have looked through the reports of
the chief resident engineer alluded to in it, who in
his second general survey was accompanied by a
consulting engineer appointed by the Government.
The sanction of the Government being requisite, the
appointment of Capt. RUNDALL to examine the
district in connection with the company's engineer,
enabled the directors to commence operations very
much sooner than would have been the case had
the Government engineer not reported till the
company's survey was complete. The company's
separate survey would have delayed the works
for double the time. It was the more fortunate
that the Government acceded to the Company's
wish, since, through failure of what the company
is about to provide—water—a distressing famine
impended over the district ; but its large demand for
native labour has enabled the poor natives to sup-
ply themselves with the necessaries of life, while
the Company, of course, found the advantage of an
ample supply of men.
The estimates, both of cost and profits, must be,
as yet, to a certain extent, conjectural ; yet there
is no reason to think the amount of the former, in-
tentionally, underrated, or that of the latter over-
rated. It looks, to be sure, something fabulous—
by the outlay of £1,345,000 the company will gain
£425,000, or 311 per cent. on their capital ; the
Government will receive, in revenue, £381,500 ;
the profits to native cultivators will be £1,620,000 ;
altogether somewhat less than 200 per cent. on the
outlay ! These are, it is true, but rough calcula-
tions; Still the Government Consulting Engineer
could have no interest in setting the expected
profits too high. The Government guarantees 5
per cent., and it is after this is deducted that the
Company and the Government are to divide the
golden prize.
We hope and believe that this Company will be
the precursor of the introduction of a vast amount
of English capital and enterprise into India for
similar objects; and that Government gua-
rantees will soon become superfluous. We
do not desire to see an Indian mania ;
but the scope for irrigation works and
for canals must be very great. Railways have not
in this country superseded carriage by canal, nor
will they in India ; while the canal will always have
a highly profitable use, independent of that of car-
rying to market the produce which its waters have
created. The sale of those waters for irrigation is
a source of profit unknown in England. Even
should carriage be almost monopolised by railways,
irrigation would still pay the companies hand•
somely. In all the calculations, we observe that
this is the chief reliance. Indeed, if railways went
freely into the irrigated districts, we strongly sus-
pect that the water would be too valuable, except
in the rainy season, to be employed in navigation ;
unless, indeed, that were always compatible with
the mote important duty of irrigation.
The railways also present a very hopeful aspect.
But small portions of each line are open at present,
yet the net average profit is more than 51 per cent.,
thus relieving Government from the guaranteed
interest. The aggregate receipts were above
£400,000—and, showing the great need of means
of conveyance in India, the receipts for passengers
were but £157,000 of the total the remainder were

THE' :SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 24, 1860.-

the President of the Royal Institute of Architects,
Mr. COCKERELL—the President of the Royal Aca-
demy, Sir CHAS. EASTLAKE—the Dean of St. Paul's,
General CUST, Mr. BIDDER, Mr. BERESFORD HOPE,
and Mr. TITS, M.P. for the city of Bath, and one
of the most distinguished of our living Eng-

lish architects. There, as the chief mourners,
were the five sons of the deceased, followed
by an extended line of more than two
hundred other mourners moving in slow procession
to the sublime chant of the anthem—" I am the
resurrection and the life," and the resounding notes.
of the organ reverberating along the aisles and
under the roof'of the grand old Abbey. Conspicu-
ous among those in attendance were most of the
great artists who were Sir CHARLES BARRY'S con-
temporaries—the pride and boast of the Royal
Academy, of the Royal Society, of the Institution
of Civil Engineers, of the Architectural Museum,
of the Royal Institution of British Architects.
During the morning and throughout the day the
union jack floated half mast high from the summit
of the Victoria Tower, in token that the great
architect was now no more, of whose genius that
magnificent structure will stand for centuries to
come as the giant emanation, as the grand and
exquisite attestation.

The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland re-
ceived a select circle at dinner on Tuesday evening at
Northumberland House.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Cholmondeley
received a distinguished circle at dinner last evening, at
their mansion on Carlton House-terrace.

The Countess of Brownlow is at present on a visit
,o her brother, the Earl of Mount- Edgcumbe, at the Win.
ter Villa, Stonehouse.

The Earl and Countess of Derby entertained at
dinner last evening, at their residence in St. James's-square,
the following circle :—Visoount and Viscountess Ingestre,
Lord and Lady Naas, Sir Wm. H. Jolliffe, M.P., and Lady
Jolliffe and Miss Jolliffe, Sir Hugh and Lady Cairns, Hon.
F. Lygon, Sir Thomas Baring, Mr. George Bentinck, Mr.
Ducane, Mr. Kenneth Macaulay, &c. Covers were laid
for 18.

LATEST

(Official.)

The Countess Cowper entertained a large party at
dinner last evening at her ladyship's residence in St. James's.
square.

Stefan-Bey, en-Minister of Foreign Affairs to the
Viceroy of Egypt, who came to France last year for the
benefit of his health, has just died at Auteuil, in spite of all
that medical skill could do to save him. His Excellency
leaves a widow, a F' each lady, by whom he had three
children, all of whom survive him.
We have to announce the death of Mr. F. H.
Glover, F. S.A., librarian to the Queen, who died yesterday
at his residence, adjoining the Palace. The lamented gen-
tleman had been librarian to her Majesty for upwards of 20
years, and was much respected by a large circle of literary
and antiquarian friends. He was taken unwell last Fri-
day se'nnight from a carbuncle formed in the back part of
his neck.

EPISCOPAL APPOINTMENTS.—It is said to be de-
cided that the Bishop of Durham succeeds to the Arch-
bishopric of York, and that the Bishop of Carlisle, Dr.
Villiers, goes to Durham. It is also rumoured that the
Dean of Windsor, Dr. Wellesley, a brother of our Ambas-
sador at Paris, has received the offer of the see of Carlisle.
HEALTH OF THE KING OF PRUSSIA.—The King
of Prussia has been obliged to give up carriage exercise, as
he suffers too much from the jolting. His Majesty is now
drawn about in a Bath chair in the alleys of Sans-Souci.
The Court will, it is said, vacate Sans-Souci this summer,
to give place to workmen who are to make some changes in
the Palace, and repair it generally. The King's apartments
are so badly arranged that they cannot be properly warmed
in winter. The small Palace of the Isle of Peacocks, near
Potsdam, is being prepared for his Majesty's summer resi-
dence.

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOClETY.—Anniversary
meeting. Monday, the 28th inst., at one p.m., at Burling-
ton House ; the President, the Earl de Grey and Ripon, in
the chair. During the ballots the gold medals will be
awarded to Lady Franklin and Sir F. S. M'Clintock, R.N.
The dinner will take place at the Freemasons' Tavern at
seven o'clock p.m.

CANADIAN LOYALTY.—A preliminary meeting
of the citizens of Hamilton, Canada West, was lately held,
to take measures for the erection of a monument to her
Majesty, to be built by subscription. The Mayor and a
number of other gentlemen were appointed a committee to
that effect.—Canadian News.
We understand that the Lord Lieutenant of
Devon, Earl Fortescue, has appointed Sir John Bowring a
deputy lieutenant for the country, and this recognition of
the worthy knight as a Devonian is the more gratifying
since Sir John's ancestors were seated for many genera •
tions at Bowringsleigh, near Ivy-bridge, between Exeter
and Plymouth.
It is n•w known that the three Austrian steam-

frigates were sent to Naples and Sicily to protect the silts
jects of his Imperial Majesty, and to bring away the Royal
family if it should be obliged to quit the kingdom. Sicily
is here believed to be lost to Naples, but no one seems to
have a clear idea of the whereabouts of General Garibaldi.
The municipality of Milan, which had before sub-
scribed 100,000 f. for the purchase of muskets for Garibaldi,
has just decided on another grant of an equal sum in favour
of the Sicilians.
The Duke of Brabant, travelling under the name
of Vicomte d'Ardennes, arrived at Venice on the 17th.
Mme. Ristori's representations continue to at-
tract crowded houses, but no novelty has been produced
since " Elizabetha." This week brings the performances
of the great tragedienne to a close in Paris. An American
manager is understood to have made munificent offers for
a six months' visit to the States.
COPPER DISCOVERIES IN CANADA.—We have
favourable accounts of the copper mines at Acton. The
Montreal Adeertiser states that Mr. Sleeper, the lessee, in-
tends to quarry and dress a block of copper ore for the ex-
hibition of several tons weight, a specimen of the mineral
riches of Canada which cannot be equalled by the whole
world. He offers, also, to supply the Government at a
moderate price with blocks large enough to furnish slabs
for the decoration of the interior of the Parliament build-
ings at Ottawa. Polished slabs of variegated ore would
make a magnificent decoration, vastly more beautiful than
the Ural malachite.—Canadian News.
FIRE AT MlLLlVALL.—Yesterday morning, about
three o'clock, a fire broke out on the premises of Mr. Cotton,
butcher, of Providence-place, Millwall. The fire brigade
from Messrs. Brown and Lenox's anchor-works, under the
direction of Mr. Roberts, was quickly on the spot, and the
premises were then completely enveloped in flames, but a
plentiful supply of water being obtained, the fire was extin-
guished before the arrival of the engines from Shadwell
and Well-close-square. The family of Mr. Cotton escaped
with some difficulty, and the most painful anxiety for some
time prevailed, as it was believed that a girl, seven years
of age, had perished. Mr. Roberts, at some risk, went into
each of the bed-rooms, and it was found that the girl had
escaped from the window on to the roof. The premises,
stock, and furniture were insured in the Sun and Royal
Exchange Fire-offices.
A MAN SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT FOR THE
FIFTY-THIRD TIME.-At the Carnarvon petty sessions, on
May 15, Robert Roberts was found guilty, with others, of
an assault on the police, when the mayor, in passing sen-
tence on the prisoners, said to Roberts :—" As to you,
Robert Roberts, your career is a most extraordinary one, it
is a melancholy picture of the depth of degradation to which
a man may bring himself. You have lived the life of a
vagabond on the face of the earth. You were discharged
from the common grl at eleven o'clock yesterday, after
being incarcerated within its walls fifty-two times ; half of
your manhood has been spent there, and it would be well
for you, well for the legion of persons whom you have in-
jured and annoyed, had the whole instead of the half of
your time been passed under restraint. I wish that any.
th,ng I could say, any sentence this court could pass, might
tend to reform you, for it is dreadful to conceive what must
be the end of such a person." The sentence was a fine of
15, or one month's imprisonment.—Carnarvon Herald.
DESPERATE ATTEMPT AT SUICIDE BY AN ACTOR.
—For many years an actor, now considerably past middle
age, named William Mackay, has been engaged as one of
the theatrical company of Mr. Mosley, at Bradford and
H alifax, and for a season or two at a new theatre in Douglas,
Isle of Man ; but during the last winter and sp ring he has
been unable, from severe illness, to follow his profession on
the stage. His wife, however, to whom he has only been
a few years married, was a shopkeeper in Duke-street, and
his circumstances were thus respectable. He slowly reco-
vered; but the season for the time was over, and the com-
pany are preparing to return to the Isle of Man, where, it
appears, he would not be able to go with them as formerly,
and from this and other causes his spirits were greatly de-
pressed. On Sunday forenoon, when alone in his bed-room,
and while his wife and servant girl were in the room be-
low, he became desperate, sat deliberately down before the
mirror with a razor in his hand, and at four different plunges
inflicted numerous wounds in his neck, extending from ear
to ear, but still without dividing the jugular vein, and so
causing inst*nt death. Polieeman Bowyer, who was on the
beat, was called in, and surgical assistance obtained, but
any hopes of saving his life are very slight. The roots and
connecting ligatures of his tongue are completely severed ;
and if he should even survive, he will be unable 'to articu-
late. The windpipe is also partially cut through. He still,
however, while we write, is alive, but little more caa be
said. He, we understand, was originally from Glasgow,
and has always been held in high respect by the public
and the cops dramatique with whom ho associated on the
boards.

The Derby Day—the Derby Day—the great
holiday of hard-working England I We have not as many
Saints' Days as they have in continental countries ; but
we do our best to cram all the fun of the year into eighteen
hours, and we generally succeed. From the Premier
down to the poor Calky, we all own the influence of the
time. Cares, anxieties, and worries for the space of one
day are consigned to the vasty deep. Upon that day all Blue
Devils commit suicide. Creditors are not. Dills of Exchange
and Promissory Notes cease to run. Wei* is forgotten.
Honourable Members run away from their Parliamentary
duties, and gentlemen who have no Parliamentary duties
leave their private affairs to take care of themselves.
The two tall sentries at the Horse Guards feel a mad desire
to give their two huge black horses a breather up White-
hall in honourable rival. y. The nurses with the perambu-
lators would like to • run their vehicles against each other
for the Two Year Old Stakes I The baker's boy, who
delivers the rolls at the door, has a small bet with Jenny
upon the favourite, intimating with a wink that he is not
without pretensions to that character. If the great heart
of England, during those twenty four hours, were opened,
upon it would be found engravers in sanguine characters a
list of the running horses with the names, weights, and
colours of the riders I—Froi;z " The Derby .Day," in Once

:' t '

E W S.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, MAY 24.

The Moniteur of this morning publishes the law
concerning sugars and coffees which has been
agreed to by the Senate.
The lifoniteur also publishes the order of the day
of matters to be discussed in the next sitting of the
Senate, among which are petitions in reference to
the import of iron and to the execution of the
treaty of commerce between France and England.

ROME, MAY 23.

An official despatch, dated Naples, 22d inst.,
states that the insurgents in Sicily were attacked
and dispersed on the 21st inst. by the 9th battalion
of Royal Chasseurs-128 of the rebels were killed.
The insurrection was making no progress.

NAPLES, MAY 23, 6 P.M.

The rebels encamped at San Martino, near Mon-
reale, have been beaten twine, driven from their
positions and pursued to Partanico with very con-
siderable losses.

One of their leaders, Rosolino Pilo, was killed.
The heights which were occupied by the rebels
have been taken by the Royal troops.

PARIS, MAY 23.

The despatches received to-day from Naples con.
firm, without giving further details, the successes oi
Garibaldi.

A proclamation had been issued by him, in which
he took upon himself all the responsibilities of the
Dictatorship of Sicily.
Garibaldi, therefore, must be present with his