The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-28 00:00:00

IRE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING,I AUGUST! 28, 1860.

bardy, Piedmont, and Venice, as well as upon the
lava of its central or southern regions. Therefore
it is not bravery that I need recommend to an
Italian soldier ; but I must impress upon him with
all the fervour of my soul the discipline of ancient
Rome, an invariable harmony from one to another,
and from province to province, besides a due respect
for property, and above all for that of the poor
peasantry, who suffer so much to gain the scanty
bread of their families. I must repeat to you that
an officer, beloved and respected by his men, will
perceive with pleasure the empire he has acquired
over them by his bravery and benevolence, and the
more so amidst the dangers of war, when fatigue or
want of food, and the duration of the battle seem
to justify their inaction. One effort more and vic-
tory is ours; but the answer is, that the soldiers
require a halt. . . . It is then that the voice
and prestige of a beloved officer is enough to stimu-
late the greatest recreant to a new combat. Be-
sides, it is impossible that a soldier would abandon,
on the field of battle, an officer 'vho had treated
him kindly, who had assisted him in his wants, and
who had shared the toils and glory of a campaign.
For these reasons, especial care ought to be taken
by officers to live with their soldiers, and take care
of them as they would do of their own family.
" Finally, I shall say to all Italians, with the cer-
tainty of being listened to, that being few, the
struggle will be long, and with a great sacrifice of
gold and blood ; but being many, we shall secure
the unity of Italy quickly and well, so that future
generations shall remember us with affection.
(Signed) " G. GARIBALDI."

keep chin-chinning each other in ceternwn. The
Chinamen grin mightily as they see us laughing at
their toy. A ferry boat passes laden to the water's
edge with coolies, or a smart man-of-war's barge
pulls down. For miles on either side the stream are
moored rows of junks 10 deep, in which we see
men, women, and children innumerable. These are
the vessels which have been hired by the Chinese
of Shanghai, alarmed at the steady progress of the
rebels and afraid to remain in the city. More of
them hereafter. And here are two English pennants,
and one of the ships is on shore. The Cruiser has
grounded in the river under charge of a pilot, and
the Nimrod has come to her assistance. But the bot-
tom is soft and the tides are rising, so she will pro-
bably be off before long without much damage. The
Nimrod was one of the greatest sufferers at the
Peiho last year. She looks trim and saucy enough
now, ready for work, and anxious to get it. We
round a point, and Shanghai appears. The tall spars
of the United States' vessel Hartford are the first to
catch the eye, with those of her consort, the Sagi•
naw. Then come her Majesty's ships Furious, Roe-
buck, and Kestrel; and the French frigate Duchayla,
with the flag of the French Ambassador at the main.
Baron Gros arrived on the afternoon of Thursday,
the 28th. He did not leave Hong Kong for some
hours after Lord Elgin, but he reached Shanghai as
many before him. The Saigon, in which he sailed,
belonged to Messrs. Russell and Co., and was then
known as the Peiho. The French Government
bought her lately, and re-christened her the Saigon.
She is very fast, but has not sufficient accommoda-
tion for a man in Baron Gros' high position ; so he
has shifted his flag to the Duchayla.
Lord Elgin, in the Froze, anchored off Shanghai
about noon on Friday,the 29th. Both Ambassadors
proceed northward early next week.
The Coromandel, with Vice-Admiral Hope on
board, left this place on Wednesday, the 20th. At
the Amherst-rocks he was to join the Inflexible, in
which ship he would hoist his flag, and proceed to
the English rendezvous at Th.-lien-lam an. Sir Hope
Grant sailed in the Granada for the same destina-
on Friday, the 22d. He was accompanied by
his Staff, consisting of Lieut. R. Biddalph,
Military Secretary; Major the Hon. A. Anson,
Captain F. Grant, and Captain Reheat, Aides-dc-
Camp; Lieut.-Colonel Stephenson, Deputy-Adju-
tant-General; Major the Hon. J. Dormer, Assistant-
Adjutant-General ; Lieut.-Colonel Mackenzie,
Deputy•Quartermaster-General ; Lieut.-Colonel
Ross, Assistant-Quartermaster-General; Lieut.-
Colonel Wolseley, Deputy-Assistant-Quartermas-
ter-General ; Dr. Muir, principal medical officer ;
Staff-Surgeon How ; Mr. J. Mongan, interpreter ;
Rev. Mr. M'Ghee, Military Chaplain ; Major
Wil-
mot, Judge-Advocate-General; and Lieut. John-
' son, R.N., Naval Aide-de•Camp. Our preparations
are complete, thanks to the untiring solicitude and
• unwearying care of Admiral Hope and Sir Hope
Grant. But the expedition is a joint one, and we
cannot commence before our allies are ready. They
' are far removed from their base of operations, and
' have no India under their lee. Then they have
been unlucky with their transports. In one they
lost all the shoes for the army, and though many
of them have been recovered, the salt water bath
does not improve leather. The Reine des Clippers
was burnt, with all the winter clothing; and before
long the nights at Tien-tsin will be cool enough.
Another vessel was lost, with artillery harness
and gunpowder, of which latter commodity
some hundreds of barrels will be supplied to them
from our stores. Their transports have been too
few in number. Many of those now lying at Woo-
sung have already been to the north, and have re-
turned for further freight. Their artillery horses are
still here, but will be embarked on Monday, the 2d
of July, on which day General Montauban and his
Staff will leave for Chefow. From present appear-
ances, at least a month must elapse before our allies
are ready—a month which, I suppose, we must spend
in inaction. It is very doubtful whether Ta-lien-
hwan will afford water sufficient for the 4,000 or
5,000 horses we have at that place. In case the sup-
ply runs short, Sir Hope Grant will remove a con-
siderable number to Wei-hae-wer, which lies imme-
diately to the south of Ta-lien-hwan, and somewhat
to the east of Chefow. I shall be able to write in
detail as to the proposed operations when I arrive
at head-quarters, ten days hence. Meanwhile I
may say that it has been decided to land troops for
the attack of the Taku forts, and to take those
much vaunted defences in the rear.
I went yesterday afternoon through the streets
of the native to vu. Never was there a more com-
plete specimen of a deserted city. In street after
street every shop is shut, and the whole population
has fled. Many are in junks which they hire by the
month, and which are anchored in the neighbour-
hood of Woosung. In these junks they will remain
with their household goods, waiting for what may
turn up. Others have gone south, to Ningpo, Foo-
chow, Amoy, and Canton, and the remainder are
scattered about the neighbouring provinces. A
French guard is posted in one part of the town, an
English in another; but there is little or no danger
from within, and the rebels are not likely to ap-
proach a place containing a garrison of some 2,000
trained troops. Early in the week a rumour was
spread that the rebels were within ten miles of the
city. Advanced posts of allied soldiers were ac-
cordingly thrown out for seven miles, and a
patrol marched towards Soochow for 20 miles
further, without discovering a trace of them.
These posts have now been withdrawn, and the
troops return to Shanghai to-day. Meanwhile this
great province of Kiangsu, with an area larger
than France and a population of 37,000,000, is lost
to the Imperial Government. Here are the beauty
and riches of China most amply displayed. It lies
along the coast in a north-westerly direction, and
its plains are watered by two noble rivers, the Yang-
tse and the Yellow River, the sources of a fertility
almost unequalled. The Imperial Canal runs through
its centre, and at its southernmost point stands
Shanghai. First opened to English commerce in
1842, the exports and imports of Shanghai amounted
according to official statement, to the enormous sum
of X 28,454,97565. 7d. in the year 1859. The revenue
paid to the Chinese Government through the Cus-
tomhouse in the course of the same year closely ap-
proached a million and a half sterling. All this
commerce is paralysed, all this revenue destroyed.
The Chinamen will not buy, the merchants cannot
sell. In vain have the Customhouse authorities
lowered the 5 per cent. ad valorem duties by one-
half, in the hope of producing some revival in trade.
Such a bait is quite insufficient against the enor
mous risk of sending goods up country in the exist-
ing state of things. Here is a native letter written
shortly before the fall of. Soochow :
" The long-haired rebels have grown more and
more outrageous of late. Since our army met with
its misfortune the country in every direction has
been subjected to unendurable misery. Of the cities
that were besieged there is not one but has been
taken. Li-yang fell long ago ;on the 14th May the
district city of Chi-yang was taken ; and on the 19th
the capital of the Tan-Yungdistrict shared the same
fate. On 21st May siege was laid to Shangchow,
and a desperate attack was made, when the troops
fought to the death in the defence. On the 22d May
intelligence arrived that the rebels had taken the
district city of Wuhsi, and that many of the authori-
ties had fled for their lives to Soochow. The rebels
cut off all communication between Wuhsi, Shang-
chow, and Soochow. The soldiers remaining from
Chang's force garrisoned the city of Soochow, but
even if it had not been taken matters are not mended.
On the 23d the streets were filled with the defeated
braves, and the aspect of affairs was far from cheer-
ful. The gates of Soochow were closed on the same
day, and on the 24th the managers of the post-office •
took to flight, and the communication of intelligence
was stopped.
" Since the 21st of May panic and uncertainty
have possessed the public mind. No boats were to
be had for those who wished to get away, while pro-
perty could not be transported in journeying by
land. Many made up bundles and took to flight,
but torrents of rain fell precisely on the 23d, 24th,
and 25th—verily a design of Heaven against us.
The Soochow warehouses have not large stocks of
fine goods, but there are still some quantities of
coarser merchandise on hand, and I imagine that
the accounts still unsettled are of considerable
amount. When the rebels reach the city disastrous
conflagrations are certain to ensue: Since the loss
of our army there has been an utter lack of weapons,
and the soldiers have no spirit for fighting. I.i hey
come together when they choose, and when they du
not choose to do so they disperse. How can there
be any protection or defence ?
"The protection of Chiang•su and Che-chiang is

the first duty of the army which has been set on
foot; the duty of giving battle is secondary to this.
The remark has been made that the capital is like a
cask and the army like its hoops ; but if the hoops be
broken an d loosened how.can the cask hold together?
When hereafter Soochow and Hang-chow are be-
leaguered who is there to beseech for succour and
relief? It is reported that when Chang-kwo-liang
was in the field at Tan-yang his horse lost the foot-
ing of its hinder legs, and he fell into a ravine. In
being raised to the top his limbs were all bruised,
his lips turned pale, and he lost all colaur. Being
unable to engage the enemy he retreated to Sang-
chow ; Chang-yu•liang, who was surrounded bythe
rebels, fought at the head of his troops and fell on
the arena of battle. The world called these two
Chang fortunate generals—men fled at the sound
of their approach, and now one is wounded, the
other dead! Can this be otherwise than ordained
by Heaven ?
In addition to all this, several tens of thousands
of soldiers and braves have fled and dispersed.
Wherever they go there is nothing they do not do,
while the two great cities Hangchow and Soochow,
beleagured in a single day, the people have nowhere
to look for comfort and support. Under such cir-
custances, one necessarily thinks of flight. The
authorities of the lesser cities are also at their wits'
end. The generation of evildoers have surely ob-
tained a world of their own. No one can tell where
the sufferings of the people of the two provinces
may cease. Both Soochow and Hangchow are
accustomed to extravagance and wastefulness, but
there are many unwilling to subscribe to the mili-
tary fund. The city is great, but the troops are
few. How can resistance be made I hear that
when the rebels approach contributions are made,
and sacrifices, with prayers to Heaven, are offered
in all directions, which is just like those slaves the
Buddist priests.

" In the present state of apprehension and anxiety
the people bethink themselves of taking to flight,
and the authorities look about them for means of
getting away, but no boats are to be had for- the
purpose. I have heard lately for the first time that
willingness is shown to subscribe for the purpose of
hiring braves to go up and garrison the city ; and
Ho-hwei-ching (the Governor-General) is also
ready to contribute. He has captured some run-
away braves, who were levying contributions and
creating disturbances, and has put 38 of them to
death. Several spies have also been seized, who
confessed to the genuineness of certain letters in
which two traitors were spoken of; one of these
was one of Ho-hwei-ching's clerks, and the other a
military subaltern, a Nankin man. Both were hid-
den traitors, and had been promised 4,000,000 dol.
as soon as the city (Soochow) should be taken ; of
this sum several tens of thousands had been set
aside, and deposited in the treasury at Nankin,
where they have already obtained the elevation of
their relatives to official posts.
"These men were brought to trial before all the
authorities, and, on clear proof being obtained,
were put to death. Ho-hwei- chin g turned pale with
affright. When these rebels some time ago attacked
Sanchow, and it was thought the place must be
lost, the two traitors—the officer and the clerk—
besought Ho-hwei-thing to depart secretly, in the
hope that they would thus get possession of Soochow.
It is a blessinr, to the country that these machina-
tions are broken up, but the traitorous spies in our
midst are far from few. There is no quarter to which
we can apply for troops to assist us. On the 27th
the news reached us that both troops and people
took to flight on the 23d, dispersing through the
streets. On the 24th they entered the Guildhall to
obtain food. They rushed into the place in crowds,
and began plundering. At 5 o'clock the same even-
ing upwards of 10 fires arose outside the Chang-
gate, and the conflagration extended up to the Hu-
chio. I fear there is small chance that the Canton
and Sy-chwan Guildhalls are not entirely destroyed.
Tne runaway troops and mounted parties have
joined the local banditti in plundering. The roads
are covered with articles of property strewed about.
Early on the morning of the 24th May a shower of
red rain tell and lasted until 9 or 10 o'clock, when
it cleared up. The shopkeepers outside the south-
east gate, the assistants in the temples, and others,
caught the rain in bowls, and a sediment of a pale
red colour was deposited. I do not know what good
or evil this may betoken."
Since this was written Soochow has fallen—Soo-
chow, the Paris of China. A Chinese proverb says
that--" To be happy on earth one must be born in
Soochow, live in Canton, and die in Lianchan, for
in the first are the handsomest people, in the second
the richest luxuries, and in the third the best
coffins."

For the beauty of its women, the intelligence of
its inhabitants, and the richness of its manufactures
Soochow has the highest reputation. Here are pro-
duced those marvellous silks which so far surpass in
richness and design those of our Western looms.
Linen and cotton fabrics, and works in glass, paper,
horn, wood, iron, ivory, and lacker ware add to its
wealth and prosperity. Built on the banks of the
Grand Canal vessels can reach the city by several
channels from the Yang-tse, while those of larger
burden go up the Woosung River to Sungkiang,
whence there is a direct passage to Soochow through
the lake.

When the news of the disbanding of the Imperial
army first reached Shanghai the French General
proposed to advance with 2,000 of the allied troops
upon Soochow. At that time the town was not in
the hands of the rebels, but was given up to pillage.
Mr. Bruce steadily, and, in my opinion, most pro-
perly opposed this scheme. The Allies are in China
for a special purpose, and an Anglo-French occu.
pation of Foochow to sustain the Imperial authority
against the rebels forms no part of their plans. The
people in the various towns and villages are now
actively arming, and preparing to resist all marau-
ders, be they Imperialists or rebels. The Chinese
have a wonderful capacity for organization, and it
may be hoped that this local militia will put an end
to the pillage and rapine which have been devastat-
ing the district for weeks past. Some American
missionaries have just returned from Soochow•
They report favourably of their reception by the
rebel chiefs, and say that order is restored. I in-
tend to open relations with the rebels on my own
account, and if possible ascertain their views and
plans. Were there time now I should go up to
Soochow, but there is metal more attractive near
the Gulf of Pecheli. Hohwei-tsing, late Governor-
General of the province, has been degraded, and is
in custody here. lle will be sent to Pekin as a pri-
soner. His successor is Tsang-kwoh-fan, who is
supposed to be with a force somewhere to the west
of Hangchow. As Imperial Commissioner for the
superintendence of trade at Sieh-kwan, he was for-
merly associated with 110 as Assistant- Commissioner
Will the losses sustained in this district prodace any
effect upon the Imperial Government, and induce
it to yield to the ultimatum of the Allies a I do not
believe it will, nor is it desirable that it should.
A great blow will soon be struck in the neighbour-
hood of Pekin, and the Imperial mandarins will
have what they have long wanted,—ocular demon
stration of the irresistible might of England
and France. The Taku forts blown up, and those at
Tien-tsin taken, Sang-ko-lin-sin will hardly risk a
battle in the plain before Pekin. Should he do so,
Prohyn and Fane are ready and willing to give the
Tartars a lesson in horsemanship.

EXECUTION OP TIIE CONVICT HOLDEN.—GMAGII,
Monday Morning.—The prisoner Holden was executed at a
quarter before 10 o'clock this morning, for the murder of
Constable M'Clelland.
[AnvERTIsEmENT.]—We have read with much pleasure
Du Barry's report of the cures without medicine by Du
Barry's food. The following are a few extracts which ap-
pear to merit the attention of many :—Cure No. 47,121.
" Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazime, Vicarage, Waltham-
cross, Herts ; a cure of extreme nervousness, indigestion,
gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies." Cure No.
48,314.—" Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liver-
pool ; a cure of ten years dyspepsia and all the horrors of
nervous irritability." Cure No. 51,812 —Miss Virginia
Zeguers, cured of consumption, after medical advisers had
abandoned all hopes of recovery. Cure No. 51,514, Baron
do Polentz, Prefect of Langenau, of many years horrible
sufferings of the nerves and an obstinate liver complaint
for which the German spas had been tried in vain for
years. Cure No. 48,721, General Baron de Zaluskowski,
of many years fearful disorders of the digestive functions.
Avoid Pills and Medicines : they invariably aggravate and
perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment,
and expense may be avoided by using Du Barry's Fcod
which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in
other remedies, removing effectually, without purging,
constipation, indigestion (dyspepsia) nervous, bilious and
liver complaints and all their consequences. Certificate
No. 33,418. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew Ure,
MD., F.R.S., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr. Shorland, Dr.
Campell. Let invalids avoid the fearful dangers of spu-
rious and injurious imitations offered under a variety of
false pretences. Nevill's imitations are prohibited by the
high Court of Chancery under a penalty of £5,000 against
Alfred Heoper Nevin and his agents ; and the pretences
that 'Nevin has a patent for Arabica Food and that Du
Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false.
No canister is genuine without the name Barry'Du Barry
and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, on thesoal and wrapper.
Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article must
expect to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins 11b.
2s. Pd.; 21b. 4s. 6d. ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. ; 241 b. 40s. The
121 b, and 241 b, canisters are sent carriage free On receipt
of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Re-
gent-street, London ; Fortnum Mason, and Co. ; Abbis,
60, Gracechureh-street ; 4, Cheapsido; 63 and 150, Ox-
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street ; Batty, 10, Finsbury Pavement; Phillips and Co,
tea-dealers; Petty, Wood, and Co., King William-street,
City ; at 127, High Holborn ; and all grocers.