The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-08 00:00:00

PU

NS,

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., 215.,
TRAITS OF CHARACTER; being TWENTY-
FIVE YEARS' LITERARY AND PERSONAL RECOLLEC-
TIONS. By A CONTEMPORARY.
"We commend these agreeable volumes to the reader,
assuring him that he will find ample entertainment for a
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Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-
street.

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CCXXVII.
Will be published on SATURDAY NEXT.
CONTENTS.
I. Recent Geographical Researches.
11. Memoirs of the Master of Sinclair.
111. Max Muller's Ancient Sanskrit Literature.
IV. Grotius and the Sources of International Law.
V. The Churches of the Holy Land.
VI. The Grand Remonstrance.
VII. Scottish County Histories.
VIII. Brain Difficulties.
IX. The United States under Mr. Buchanan.
London : Longman and Co. Edinburgh : A. and C. Black.

OVERNMENT upon FIRST PRINCIPLES.
V..A Illustrated Analogically, Statistically, and Morally.
By JOHN GROSSMITH.
This work embodies a wide field for information, not only.
upon Social and Moral subjects, but upon a great variety of
questions which are essentially incorporated with the politi-
cal discussions of the day, in connection with the Commerce,
Trade, and Taxation of the country. Statesmen and lovers
of intelligent progress will find in it a compilation of facts
well worthy their attention.
London : Piper and Co., Paternoster-row.

7ADKTEL'S ALMANAC, for 1861, contains
LA the Millenium. The Great Conjunction. Louis Napo-
leon to "cleanse the Sanctuary." Downfall of Rome—Rise
of Jerusalem. Hieroglyphic —Reign of Discord.
London : G. Berger, Holywell-street, Strand. Price 6d.;
post free, 7d.

so enjoyed by the monks was denied to the prisoner
who fell under the suspicion of the King and his
councillors. A description of one of these rooms
will suffice for the rest, and I will take No. 1, in
which Poerio was confined.
Some boards were fixed on the side of the cell on
which was placed a mattress about six feet long
and 2 feet wide. We saw some of these mattresses,
which were filthy in the extreme. To render the
punishment of imprisonment more severe, the view
from the windows was denied to the unhappy in-
mates of the cell, heavy shutters were put up, which
were kept closed, and in these shutters were pierced
four round holes, of about an inch in diameter, but
so high that the prisoner could not look through
them. Behind these shutters were windows, which
were necessarily closed also, so that no air could be
admitted, and the same stench that rendered the
cells of the Prefettura pestiferous must have been
inhaled by Poerio and the other victims of tyran-
nical persecution. These shutters were useless as
a precaution against escape, inasmuch as not on:y
was there a heavy iron grating to each window,
but, supposing this impediment to escape had been
overcome, the height of the window from the ground
was so great that any person attempting to leave
the prison must have been dashed to pieces.
But every species of suffering that the ingenuity
of tyranny could devise seemed have been in-
flicted on the prisoner. There is ne cell so low as
lo
not to admit of an upright posture. In this cell
was confined a pt named-Saro. He was a cousin
to Agesilao Mildho, and, being his cousin, and for
no other reason that I could learn, he was suspected
of being implicated in a conspiracy with his cousin.
I was told that a sort of wall was built in one
corner of the cell, out of which inclosure the pri-
soner could not stir, and at different periods vases
containing the filthiest matter were emptied upon
him. In No. 7is a large sketch on the wall of a
Madonna, and scratched on one of the folds
of the garment are these words :—" Virgine imma-
colata, liberate "quest'uomo innocente," and on the
other side I saw the following inscription, evidently
written by a different hand :—'' Virgina Santis-
sima, ajutate l'innocenza, 20 Marzo, 1860 ;" thus
showing that the unfortunate prisoner was con-
fined there up to the very time when Garibaldi
made his attacks on Palermo, one of the conse-
quences of which was the pardon or release of
many political prisoners. In cell No. 8 was also
inscribed—" Guglielmo Martinese de Lecce sepolto
vivo per 4 mesi in questo carcere nel 1860."
On descending the staircase, but before leaving
the building, we perceived a sort of cavern hewn in
the rock. It was a long subterranean passage, the
end of which was walled up. The people denied at
first that it was ever used as a place of confinement;
but there were apparent traces of the contrary, and
the officer of the prison, on being pressed, said that
he would not declare that it had not been so used.
Leaving the Santa Maria Apparente, we ascended,
some on mules and some on foot, to the fortress of
St. Elmo, which crowns the city, and which has for
years and years kept its inhabitants in awe. After
enjoying the glorious view which we witnessed
from the ramparts, and which is the finest in Naples,
we proceeded to the subterranean prisons by a series
of inclined planes; over the entrance to which
might be written with great truth the well-known
words of Dante, " Lasciate ogni veranza voi the
entrate." The first cell into which we were shown
was No. 13. It was dark, damp, and gloomy; at
one end of it was a small grated window, being a
borrowed light. In this cell Felice Cappellano was
immured for eight months. Near to it a small
winding staircase led to a sort of well, in which a
man could only just stand without moving from
right to left, and which we were told was con-
structed by order of the King. Another staircase
led to the " Nuova Galleria," a large vaulted room
with a broad piece of stonework built round parts
of the two sides, which we were told was the bed
Fifty-three Swiss soldiers who had mutinied were
confined in this chamber. It would be useless to
enumerate the different cells and dungeons and the
places of terror which were shown to us. If I at-
tempted to do so I should only repeat the horrors I
have most imperfectly described, and if I were to
enter minutely into the details of St. Elmo I should
fill at least two sides of your paper. It is probable
that this great fortress may be dismantled by Gari-
baldi ; at the present moment the guns which were
pointed towards the town, and which were a con-
stant source of terror to the inhabitants, are re-
versed in their position, and the fort is occupied by
the National Guard and a few of the Bersaglieri
from Piedmont.

It was my intention to visit the prisons on the
various islands, and I commenced with Ischia.
The castle in which the prisoners were lodged is at
the north-east point of the island, and about 20
miles from Naples. It is built upon a rock, which
is approached from the mainland by a broad cause-
way. After passing through the gates at the end
of the causeway, and winding our way on mules
through the tortuous passages that led to the upper
part of the fortress, we were shown into a room
recently occupied by some criminals. We had not
been in this room three minutes before one of the
party, who wore white trousers, gave the alarm
that his legs were covered with vermin ; and when
we got into the outer yard we were each rubbed
down by the soldiers, in order to get rid of the
animali that were swarming on our clothes. This
fact will "speak volumes" as regards the state of
a prison recently occupied. We gave up further
inspection of that part of the castle, but before
leaving the fortress I was anxious to see the place
in which Poerio and other political prisoners were
confined. We entered a guardroom in the centre
r of which was a raised structure, somewhat like a
table, but under the top part were gratings, through
which the soldiers could look down into the rooms
in which the prisoners were confined. We were
conducted down a flight of steps to a lower floor,
and approached a heavy iron-grated gate. Inside
this gate and in the thickness of the wall was a
"turnabout," similar to those for the exit of visi-
tors at the Zoological Gardens, but as high as the
roof, and made of strong timber, and through which
only one person could pass at a time. Inside this
" turnabout" was another heavy iron-grated gate,
and having passed this we were in the courtyard in
which Poerio and others were permitted to walk in
chains, and chained in pairs !
The courtyard is open to the sky, but has no side
view excepting through the grated gates above de-
scribed. In the wall of the yard, and on the right,
there is grating about three feet square, at the
bottom of which is a nearly semicircular opening
of about 12in. across and 9in. high. We were told
that this was the " taverna," that the prisoners
were allowed to buy some extra food if they could
do so, and which food was delivered to them through
the little opening I have alluded to. I inquired
what became of those who could not provide the
means of purchasing extra food, and the answer
was, " They were obliged to do as well as they
could on the prison allowance," which was described
as both " wretched and insufficient." The other
said that Poerio did much for his fellow-prisoners
and that.he shared with them all he had. The room
in which these unfortunate men slept and lived in
chains was of the same character as those we had
previously visited, and in this place Poerio was in-
carcerated for about two years us a political prisoner.
I send this account of what I have seen, but have
said little of that which I have heard, and of the
horrors which were detailed to me. I intended, as
I have already stated, to see more, but my inten-
tions were frustrated by the filth which I had to
encounter, and which was perfectly intolerable.
However, one additional scene was only the coun-
terpart of a former one.

ties surround the present state of affairs here, but
upon one point the people are unanimous, and that
is the earnest hope and belief that the reign of the
present dynasty is brought to a close.
Your obedient servant,
Naples, Sept. 22. LLANOVER.

THE NAVY.

The Foxhound, 4, screw, Commander A. Mitchell,
arrived at Spithead yesterday at noon from Sheer-
ness. The Tartar, 20, screw, Capt. Hayes, arrived
at the same time, also from Sheerness. The Tartar
on anchoring exchanged the customary salutes
with the Victory, flagship of the Commander-in-
Chief. She is reported for China.
The Landrail, 4, screw, Commander Martin,
and the Spiteful, 6, paddle, Commander Wilson,
both arrived at Spithead yesterday morning
from Woolwich; the former reported to join
the Channel squadron, and the latter for the
coast of Africa.
Her Majesty's steam storeship Industry, Master
Commander J. Hodges, which sailed on Saturday
from Greenhithe on her way to the Island of As-
cension and Rio de Janeiro, put back to Woolwich
the same day, on account of some displacement of
her machinery.
The hired transports Guadelete and Mystery
arrived alongside the Arsenal pier, Woolwich, and
commenced shipping shell and other war stores on
Saturday. •
The Trusty, 14, another of the iron-plated steam
floating batteries which have been ordered to be
overhauled and repaired at Chatham Dockyard,
having completed her repairs, has been removed
from the second dock and taken down the river, off
Upnor Castle, where she is at present ' lying with
the other steam floating batteries. During the
time the Trusty was in dock she underwent some
very extensive repairs, the whole of the worm.
eaten and decayed- portions of her planking and
timbers having been cut out and replaced by timber
of a sound description. The portions of the bat-
tery loosened by the tremendous concussions and
shakings she underwent during the recent experi-
ments made upon her with the elongated shots
from the Armstrong guns were all firmly secured
and strengthened, and the battery in every respect
put in a state of the completest repair.
On Saturday an order was received at Chatham
from the Admiralty, directing that the entry of
mechanics, artisans, and labourers into that dock-
eysatrd ab
sis h
mto e
nc
te
sa s eh
auvni tni further erf u d
comers,ll
pt
lhe emseenvte r
oa
fl
hands.

The Miranda, 15, screw steam sloop, 250-horse
power, was on Saturday commissioned by Mr.
Arthur Thomas, Master, for Commander H. C.
Glyn, recently appointed to the ship.
The Lizard, 1, iron paddle wheel steam vessel,
150-horse power, Lieut.-Commander E. E. Mann-
sell, has returned to Sheerness from Scotland and
Berwick-upon-Tweed, where she has been engaged
for the last three months protecting the fisheries.
Steam was got up on Saturday on board the St.
George, 90, Capt. the Hon. F. Egerton, in Ply-
mouth Sound, and she was taken into Hamoaze and
placed alongside the hulk Vigo.
The paddlewheel steam storeship Rhadamanthus,
4, F. IL Sturdee, master, was hauled, on Saturday,
into the basin at Keyham Steamyard, and placed
ender the crane to unload.

The screw steamsloop Curlew, 9, Commander
Shaw, at Plymouth, was swung for the adjustment
of her compasses, on Saturday, by Commander
Thompson, the Queen's harbour master. She is
expected to sail about the 10th inst.
The crew of the steamship Centurion, 80, Captain
H. D. Rogers, C. 8., in Plymouth Sound, were paid
wages on Saturday, and granted leave of absence.
The training ship Implacable, 24, Commander J.
W. Dorville, was removed on Saturday from her
moorings in Hamoaze to moorings off Wilcove.
Steam was got up on Saturday on board the
gunboats Goshawk and Partridge in the basin at
Keyham Steamyard, to try their machinery.
The repairs of the screw steamship Donegal, 101,
Captain H. Broadhead, at Plymouth, will be com-
pleted about the 10th inst.

The surveying cutter Rose, having had defects
made good, and having been newly rigged, was put
out of the basin in Devonport Dockyard on Satur-
day.

Ireviously

carrying out
laid down fo7
The Tippex
...alarly
inspection by erness f -ye
on Fri-
day last. T' nis entire satis-
faction, and, of the men, stated
that " good' _ a word, and that he
should desig .iemplary.4 Two detach-
ments of this . will leave Sheerness on Wed-
nesday—one ...sting of 60 gunners, under Capt.
Sargint, for Albury Fort; the other, numbering 95
gunners, under Captain Sheppard, for Purfleet. I

The following appointments were made on Satur-
day at the Admiralty :—Lieut. David Boyle to the
Centurion; C. Bon wick, promoted to the rank of
acting second class assist -engineer, to the Satellite;
J. Singer, second class assist, engineer, to the St.
Jean d'Acre ; T. J. Morris,- master's assistant, to the
Miranda; T. G. Freeman, master's assistant, to the
Dasher; and J. E. Gowllund, acting assist.-clerk,
supernumerary, to the Victory.

TIIE VOLUNTEER 310VE1lIENT.

On Saturday afternoon the London Rifle Brigade
to the number of upwards of 400, mustered in
Guildhall, and thence marched, with Lieut.. Col.
Hicks, the commanding officer, at their bead, pre-
ceded by their bugle band, to the Shoreditch ter-
minus of the Eastern Counties Railway, and pro-
ceeded by special train to Forest-gate station.
Alighting there, they marched to Wanstead fiats,
less than a mile distant, and spent the remainder of
the day until dusk in battalion and skirmishing
drill, which was maintained with great spirit, each
man firing five rounds of ball cartridge. The rest
of the officers in attendance on the brigade were the
two adjutants, Capts. Ewen and Smith, who with
Lieut.-Col, Hicks were mounted, Captain Pawson,
Surg. Probert, Liouts. Sewell, Simms. Finch, Hop-
kinson, Bainbridge, and Haywood, and Ensigns
Carson, Stretton, Worth, Valiance, and Frodsham.
The brigade was also accompanied by 25 of the
cadet corps, now being raised in connection with it,
who were in charge of Sergeants Ladd and Cuth-
bertson. Preparations are now being made for a
ball upon a scale of some grandear in the interest of
the brigade. The Court of Common Council at their
recent meeting graciously corplied with an appli-
cation for the use of the Guildhall on the occasion,
and the entertainment will probably take place
about a week after Lord Mayor's-day. A committee
of 24 gentlemen has been or is being embodied for
superintending the preliminary arrangements, half
of whom are effective members of the brigade, in-
cluding, among others,Lieut.-Col. Hicks and eight
of the executive committee of the regiment. It is
' expected that the officers and many of the members
of the various metropolitan corps, besides great
numbers of the citizens, will join the festivities,
and that altogether the ceremony will be attended
with considerable splendour.
On Saturday the effective members of the 7th
Surrey Rifles assembled at the Sessions-house,
Newington causeway, for a march out. Six
companies were present, under the command of
Major Beresford, Major Parrott, and the other offi-
cers of the corps. At 5 o'clock the volunteers fell
into the ranks, and the order of the day to "march"
having been given, the men, headed by the excellent
band of the 3d Surrey Militia playing "The Rifle-
mens' March" and other martial airs, paraded
through the streets two deep, down Newington-
causeway, past the Elephant and Castle, to the
parade ground in Mr. Nesbitt's field, Kennington.
lane. On arriving at the parade ground the volun-
teers went through the evolutions of a light infantry
field-day, the various evolutions being performed in
a skilful and accurate manner, which reflected con-
siderable credit on the Major Commandant for the
manner in which he has brought the 7th Surrey to
its present high state of efficiency. Since our last
notice the men have improved wonderfully in their
military education, their movements being now per-
formed with that precision and regularity which is
witnessed in regiments of the line. In the evolu-
tions of bodies of volunteers it is generally noticed
that they often fail in executing the manoeuvre
technically known as wheeling round. The 7th
have, however, by their constant and unceasing at-
tention to the minute details, mastered this difficulty,
their wheeling being executed in beautiful style.
Ten rounds of blank ammunition having been
handed to the men, they were exercised in firing in
companies in volleys, &c. The fine weather attracted
a considerable number of spectators, the ladies tak-
ing great interest in the movements of the volun-
teers. At the conclusion of the field-day the men
marched back to the Sessions-house, the band play-
ing various airs. - In the evening a meeting of the
Volunteers was held in the Sessions-house upon the
general business of the corps, Major Beresford pre-
siding. The gallant major, on entering the room,
-was received with loud and enthusiastic cheers.
The chairman, in opening the proceedings, said the
meeting had been called to consider important
business. Anything was 'important when it
affected the pockets of tha men. As their numbers
were about to be increased by the addition of
another company from an eminent firm in the neigh-
bourhood, and as the present headdress of the corps
was not of a military character, the new com-
pany were waiting the decision of the corps as
to the kind of head-dress to be adopted, and that
was a part of the business that evening. He re-
commended them to adopt the peaked cap with a
ball at the top of it. The ball was of a military
character and he wanted the 7th Surrey to be pre-
dominant for its military appearance. (Cheers.)
The plume of feathers at the top of the cap did not
look military, and if they adopted it he should be
compelled to resign his commission. (Cries of
" Plume !") After a discussion the Major's sugges-
tion was adopted. The chairman then said the
amount of subscription to the band fund for the last
month was only Id. It was smaller by degrees and
beautifully less—not beautifully less for him, as he
had it to pay. A compulsory payment of 2s. 6d.
per quarter from each member was agreed upon to
support the band, and the proceedings terminated
with three hearty cheers for the Major and his
officers.

Thirty-two members of the Bth Surrey (Epsom,
&c.) Rifle Volunteers competed on Wednesday last
in shooting for prize medals given by Mr. Robert
Carter, Treasurer to the Epsom Committee—
five rounds each, at 600, 300, and 200 yards
range, with the following results :—Private Keeling
gained the trst prize, a silver-gilt medal, making
seven points at 600 yards; Privates R. Wood and
Radford each made seven points at 300 yards ; and
in shooting off the tie the former gained the second
prize, a bronze medal, and the latter gained the
third prize, a plain medal. Captain Hastie made
10 points at 200 Tirds, and received also a plain
medal.

The Birmingham Volunteer Corps had the las t
field day for the season at Malvern, on Saturday.
Soon after nine in the morning the companies
mustered 700 men, exclusive of officers ' • they pro-
ceeded to Malvern by special train, Major Mason
commanding the force. After arriving at their
destination, the companies were formed, the men
looking really in first-rate trim. Earl Beauchamp
reviewed the corps, which was put through various
evolutions, each of which was efficiently performed.
The men were marched in companies past the re-
viewing officer at quick time ; then in close column;
solid squares were formed, and various man-
oeuvres oeuvres gone through ; the skirmishing
confused and interrupted, andwasput
sham
out by the number of spectators; a
The
men
fight concluded the proceedings. 1
were afterwards entertained by their officers, and
returned to Birmingham in the eye R Aem
.g
~ inspected
On Thursday Lieut.-Col. Morris,
the several companies of
.the Son temporary battery
eaha, m Harbour Ar-
tillery Volunteer Corps, in
th
erected in that seaport. The
of cormeps numbers about
n has been raised
200 men. This fine body
principally through the
of Londonderry and. other fluencef the Marchioness
oer large employers. After
the inspection, Lieut.-Col. Morris expressed his
t gratification at the manner in which they had gone
through their drill, and said that he should have
great pleasure in signifying his approval of the
corps to the
Wad-office. The Sunderland Artillery
Volunteers also underwent a most satisfactory in-
spection on the same a f t,ernnoon.
The Lord-Lieutenant of Northumberland post-
pones, for the present, the intended volunteer re-
view on
the Newcastle Town-xnoor, the season be-
ing late, and so many new corps lately organised
requiring further preparation.

MAIL-CLAD SIIIPS.—The authorities at White-
hall have, during the week, had under their serious consi-
deration the necessity of building a further number of iron
armour-clad ships ; and although we believe nothing defi-
nitive has as yet been resolved upon as to the exact plans
which aro to t e used in their construction, we have reason
to know that several of these ships will be laid down. It is
further proposed that one of them shall be built at Chat-
ham Dockyard. We shall, consequently, be in a position
to Judge as to the respective merits of the work performed
in public and private establishments.—Army and Nary
Gazette.
[ADvituTisrmENT.]—Holloway's Pills and Ointment.—
Autumnal trials.—By the variable temperatures of autumn
the human system is severely tried, and all liable to chest
complaints, disordered digestion, biliousness, and head-
ache, are generally more or less affected. Those who are
wise will save both pain and hazard by the early use of
these infallible remedies. Holloway's ointment well rubbed
upOn the skin nearest the seat of disease exerts most won-
derful purifying powers, and never fails in expelling all
noxious matters and removing all temporary obstructions,
thus restoring healthy action to the organ. :While the
ointment generally re-arranges disordered action,. Hollo-
way's pills should be taken to remove all contanunati
atr_
from the blood, and Lam away any impurities that na 7
lurk in the system.

The tyrannies practised by King Ferdinand, and
perseveringly continued to the latest possible period
by his successor, have undoubtedly led to the results
which now affect these kingdoms, many diffico.,

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IMPORTANTTEEDRECTIOBIO2Qr
QUESTION.
, ej.q ..s.
....,.„ „.
the various arr ngements -
~„.—......................._._.,_...,
THE SUN, LONDON, M, iNDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8, 1860. 1-8-ILL,-, 41) AWED.
5 •,,'
..i. •
a conducting th:. operitir
'rary Artillery u ,derw
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'he General e or-
, as to the ..ir
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At the Marylebone Police Court on Saturday
Sergeant Dawson of the 7th Middlesex Rifles, ap—
peared on an adjourned summons to answer the.
complaint of Samuel Langley, toll collector, "For
that he did, on the 11th of September last, with one
horse, drawing a hackney carriage, pass without
paying the toll due for the same through the Pine
Apple Turnpike-gate, at Kilburn, in the parish of
Paddington.
Mr. Wontner appeared for the trustees of the'
turnpike trust, and Mr. Lott, jun., for the defen-
dant.

silver
vr
ei ar
It appeared from the evidence adduced on a
Rmifiedesaltovvaalslotwo
b
former occasion that Captain Ebsworth, comman-
dant of the ith Middlesex Rifles, offered a prize of
a silver medal to be shot for by his men on the
first day set forth for ball practice. The corps, the
head-quarters of which are situated at Birch's-build-
ings, Islington-green, have no butt of their own, and
it has been the practice of the adjutant of the Vic-
toria
to that corps at Kilburn. The 11th ult. was
be
them
contested
the use of the bount t
tbheel belong-
ing
of the regular field -days appointed for ball
practice at Kilburn, and it was on this day that the
prior (the 10th) Captain Ebsworth ordered of a
tradesman the ammunition for
and it was promised that it should be sent down by
horse and cart to Kilburn. The promise, however,
was not kept, and Captain Ebsworth on the morn-
ing in question, ordered the defendant to go to the
West-end and get 1,000 rounds of ball cartridge,
each round weighing one ounce and a quarter, and
convey them in a cab to Kilburn,where
he was
to meet the corps. It was whilst he was riding in
this cab with the ammunition that toll was de-
manded of him, and which he refused to pay,
alleging that he was on duty at the time. in con-
sequence of this refusal defendant was summoned.
In reply to questions of the worthy magistrate,
Captain Ebsworth said this meeting would haver
taken place at Kilburn whether he had offered his
prize or Lot. Ile gave it as an inducement to his
men. It was not a select meeting of marksmen,
but the regular meeting for ball practice.
Mr. Mansfield now delivered his judgment as
follows :—This case was argued before me on the
29th ult., and adjourned to this day for judgment.
The facts were not contested, and the evidence was
to the effect that, on the day in question a volun-
teer regiment assembled for ball practice at, Kil-
burn, on which occasion a prize was offered by the
commanding officer for the best marksman in the
regiment. This latter circumstance, however, itz
no respect altered the character of the meeting,
which, it is admitted, was a regular meeting of
volunteers for drill and exercise. The ammunition
to be used upon this occasion was to be entrusted to
the defendant, and he was commissioned to convey it
to the place of meeting. For this purpose he hired
a cab and proceeded to the place of meeting with
the ammunition in his charge. Toll was de-
manded, and refused at the gate, and this refusal
is the ground of the present summons. For the
defence is argued that there is an express exemp-
tion by a clause in the Turnpike Act in favour of
volunteer infantry, the clause directing that no toll
shall be claimed or taken" on any carriage convey-
ing volunteer infantry," and the clause then pro-
ceeds to exempt the horses of cavalry volunteers
when proceeding to exercise and the like public
service. On the other hand, it is contended that,
though the words " any carriage" appear large
enough to comprehend every species of vehicle, the
interpretation, according to the known rules of
dealing with acts of Parliament, must be limited
to carriages conveying infantry on a march,
or supplied by public authority, and not merely
such vehicles as a volunteer may retain at his
own charge for his personal ease and conve-
niences, and a decision of one of my learned
colleagues was cited to that effect. If that de-
cision were binding upon me my duty would be a
very light one, viz., to ascertain whether the case
before me rested upon the same grounds as the de-
cided case. This summons, however, is in reality
brought before me de novo, and whatever respect I
may entertain for what has been adjudged else-
where it is incumbent upon me to give my own
opinion in the matter, and not merely to acquiesce
in a foregone decision. The words of the act ap-
pear plain enough and large enough to support the
case of the present defendant, and when I am called
upon to admit a limitation which would produce a
contrary effect, it becomes necessary to refer to the
object of the Legislature in making mention at all
of an exemption in favour of volunteers. This I
apprehend to be readily intelligible. The volunteers
perform an important public service at their own pri-
vate cost, a necessary part of such service consists of
assemblage for practice, and to pass along highways
and through toll-bars to the practice ground is
inevitable in most parts of tha country. Such
journeys as the one in question, therefore, are not
undertaken for the private 'pleasure or advantage
of those who make them, nor would they be made
at all, except for the public service. It is, therefore,
easily conceived that the Legislature should deem

it. unwise to mulct volunteers in the tolls of turn-
pike-gates on such occasions. It must be admitted
that hired carriages or private carriages are not
ordered by authority to be provided for infantry
volunteers going to or returning from exercise.
I mean they are at liberty to 'proceed on foot
if they so please; but the object of the act
being, I presume, to encourage volunteering,
it would be a strange anomaly to put such
an interpretation upon very plain words as
would have precisely the opposite effect. If
the liability to pay toll now insisted upon be esta-
blished, its effect pro tanto would be, in most parts
of the country, to discourage the attendance of
volunteers at the practice ground ; for it is certain
that, but for a more rapid method of proceeding to
the practice ground than ordinary walking, a vast
number of volunteers would be unable to attend at
all. Further, if only wounded volunteers, or volun-
teers conveyed in carriages on a march, had been
intended to be exempted—rare contingencies, after
all, to occupy the contemplation of the Legislature
—it is only reasonable to suppose that the language
of the act of Parliament would be such as to give a
hint of such intention. It may be further remarked
that the use of such vehicles as have been supposed
to be supplied by public authority would be quite
anomalous in the case of volunteers. They supplY
everything at their own cost and charges,
jour-
neys and conveyances included; and any
march of volunteers on duty that would
believe,as
public aid to convey them in a body is,l*.methe act
vet without example. Finally, at the time
was passed, the necessity that a
large requiredistant
volunteers must be carried ousperooniVerytaionneeosf
to the practice ground was,
of the act are, I am
nasvaarfloresaid, as it is
now; and, large as the words
were
principally, if not
euipt a volunteer under
defendant. A point
arises
gwuolradr
inclined to think that they
such circumstances
intendedstancesto tn2o
te
hxitet
comprisingio n
soldier. The
almost too trifling
y an abstract term ;
word is colloquiak and
all and
doubt,
"infantry," comprising
iasnsiinmdpivl individual
of the
as well as the plural fuller term, "infantry
I think, beyond
The summons, therefore, will be dismissed,
and,
the adjournment took place at the instance
of the complainant, the defendant
soldier."as
will be entitled
to costs for one day.

The total aniount of the auction at which the
sbjects of art left by the late Alexander von Humboldt
were sold, is 10,000 thale
value, were not inclugdeod gold
the Humboldt.
sale's scientific instru-
ments, and the large
and silver coins of considerable
secßonAdLdLalyN,p3ASshLeoeEr
fau..GREAT OCTOBER FAIL—THE
appearsactive, th
an1(1 aavue
advancebeen it suoc
fc success.
to
. The3s
demand for wethere was
per head was established on the pr view day's quotations.
°
In ewes there was a slight falling
off in price. From the.
official return made at the Customs gap it appears that the
total number of sheep sold was 74,640 ; unsold, 5,448. Last
year the total sold was 72,065; unsold, 19,854. Thus it
will be seen that the total number of sheep at this fair falls
short of last year's supply by 11,831.
[ADVRTISEMENT.3—A few more of the extraordinary
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No. 36,418. We find it the safest, remedy
r: "
Cantpell. L'et, invalids avoid thefe
MD., F.B.S. Dr Harvey, Dr. AVurzeru,
ID
under a variety of
f daSnhgeorrlsanupspDur:
rious and injurious imitations .
offerednsare prohibited by the
false pretences. Nevill's imitatalor
__miy of £5,000 against
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Alfred Ilnoper Navin and his gg
f Arabica Fo id and that Da
that Nevill has a patent fur such patent are utterly fale I,
Barry's are connected with
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No canister is
inothers. Packed inoicutlielirsenleeluipstt
in
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expect to b. die ruc
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Shopkeepers
61b. lls. sentl2lb. 225. ; 241 b. 40 al'
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sters are carria f
R,Thgegeonutod;-nstrmeeslit,
8. The
121 b. 12. cant
rder by Barry Du Bar
London;ry
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