The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-19 00:00:00

TEE FUTURE OF AUSTRIA.

Austrian obstinacy has been tried in old times
against the Turk, the Prussian, and the French-
man, and has come out of many encounters, if not
conquering, at least unconquered. It is impossible
to dispose of a dynasty and a race which has stood
undismayed in so many disasters, and has surmounted
so many difficulties. Within tho next l'ownionths,
however, the antique framework of the Empire may
be exposed to heavier shocks than it has heretofore
felt. There are some who are incredulous as to
another Austrian war. That they have many
arguments on their side of the question cannot be
doubted. All policy, prudence, good sense, and
military calculation tend to dissuade the Italians
from attacking their enemies in Venetia. Even
now the dominion of Victor Emmanuel over the
southern part of the Peninsula can hardly be called
secure. He is annexing great territories to his own
under the hostile eye of the Northern Powers and
the capricious nonchalance of France. The non-
intervention which allows him success is only a self-
imposed restraint of one great State, and might be
discarded to-morrow, to the utter ruin of Italian
hopes. The Sovereign whom we may now call King
of Italy is at the head of twenty-two million souls,
but this great dominion requires consolidation, con-
trol, and instruction in all the duties of citizenship.
There is not, and cannot be for years, a strong
Italian unity. The Piedmontese have beaten the
foreign troops in the service of the Pope, and they
have defeated the native armies of the King of
Naples. Although the great number of the Nea-
politan people have voted the mown to Victor
Emmanuel, yet it would show ignorance of human
nature to suppose that they can be free from
jealousy of the army which has come among them
to finish the defeat of their late Sovereign.
Although the Piedmontese Generals have taken
care to avoid as much as possible a contest with
the Neapolitan forces, they have been obliged to
give battle twice, and, having gained easy victories,
they are now driving 'the enemy into a foreign ter-
ritory. With a powerful if not a numerous section
of the Neapolitan people wounded in their personal
vanity, with the inhabitants of Umbria and the '
Marches just severed from the oldest and most un-
yielding throne in Europe, and with a great French
garrison at Rome, it would seem wonderful that
any politic Sovereign or thinking people should
meditate a war against 35 millions of Austrians,
strongly posted in the country they occupy, and
possibly supported by the whole force of two other
first class States.

But the Italians in this matter are not a think-
ing people. All accounts agree in representing
that the desire for war is so strong that the new
King of Italy will have much to do to restrain it.
Success, wonderful, unheard-of, has naturally ren-
dered the Italians incredulous of defeat. After
what has been done by Garibaldi's " Thousand,"
they may be pardoned for believing that enterprise
and courage may do any thing. But six months age
a small party of ill-armed Volunteers landed on
the Sicilian coast, headed by a partisan leader. This
handful of men had been condemned by the opinion
of European Governments and disavowed by the
King whose flag they claimed as their own. Daring
has triumphed over every obstacle, and before the
year coxes to a close the little force of Garibaldi
landed from his two hired steamers will hai-e
founded a great kingdom. To the enterprise of
one man, blamed, decried, and ridiculed in the
highest places, Italy owes her existence as a nation.
Is she, then, not justified in believing that her
safety lies in daring, and that no faint heart will
ever achieve her independence or consolidate her
liberties? It is almost announced that Austria is to
be attacked in the spring. The regular Piedmon-
tese army is large, and Garibaldi on taking his de-
parture told the Italian people that they must pre-
pare for a great war, for which a levy in mass
would be required. These various warnings cannot
he overlooked. We do not pretend to penetrate
the secrets of Victor Emmanuel's Cabinet, but, to
do Count Cavour justice, he is not a man whose
schemes require much penetration. He has all along
had only one policy—to attack Austria at the first
favourable opportunity—and when he has made
sure of France he will assuredly hasten the conflict
as much as possible. The Cabinet of Turin may
be depended upon by the patriotic Italians to make
no delay in the prosecution of the war. Every-
thing which has come from the Piedmontese Chan-
eery,—every speech in the Piedmontese Chambers,
shows that the Italians are determined to provoke
their enemy to a new combat. They trust in France,
in the sympathy which their name and history ex-
cite in Europe, and in the native strength of which
they can now boast. It may be that Italy unaided
may not be able to cope with the forces of the
Austrian Empire, but the Italians are either not
of this opinion or they expect to be assisted by a
large foreign army. At any rate they are prepar-
ing for war, and the little State of Sardinia has
now an army of 150,000 men, without counting the
regiments which may be raised in the new pro-
vinces subjected to the national King.
Were Austria in reality what she looks on the
map, and what her chief men are taught from child-
hood to believe—the union of a number of States
under one dynasty, which commands the affection
of all by recognising and respecting their diver-
sities—then we should have little hope of Italy
winning the Quadrilateral or escaping an igno-
minious defeat. The Austrian Generals may have
been wretchedly bad in the war of last year, but
it is in the nature of military service to raise the
inferior combatant to the level of the man who has
beaten him, and Austrian officers, though sluggish,
at Magenta and confused at Solferino, may find
genius and resolution in defending last
of fortresses which are thought to be
a great
hal' t
bulwark of the Empire. If, then, the wholeat Aus-
trian army could he brought downd ltythe
Italians, if the other provinces could nogtaionns
trusted to remain quiet, but would give their whole
force to the prosecution of the wfnarg, thueaplreossspFereatsnocef
the Italians would not be c
should interfere—a thing.nnont likely, should the
Italians begin the war
njustifiably—a campaign
might frustrate the hopes of the new
hardly won
om for
many years, aud, perhaps, diminish its
territory.
But the internal state of Austria becomes every
day more precarious.
The Hungarians are the
most determined, though the most moderate, of
rebels. They do not, like the French in their
various revolut:ons, seek to overthrow a dynasty,
or, like the Italians in their late struggle, to drive
out the foreigner. They are so far acquiescent in
the present dynasty that they do not wish for any
other, and, though the Germans are to the Mag-
yars as foreigners, yet so many of the former race
are settled in the country that no thought of a
general expulsion can be entertained. But the
determination to insist on all the old historical
rights of the country is as firm as ever, and, in case
of their being refused, the people are quite ready to
assert them by force of arms. The estimate of the
insurrectionary impulse of a country must vary
according to the temperament of the observer. It
may be said, however, that according to the most
trustworthy authority there is less discord between
the races, and less difference of views between the
aristocracy and peasantry, than was the case in
1849. Then there were two widely sundered
p irties in Hungary—the party which made the
constitutional movement, and the party which
under Kossuth converted it into a democratic ex-
periment. The decay of these rivalries makes
Hungary more powerful than ever, and a more
dangerous enemy to the Austrian system of govern-
ment.e Unless sternly opposed, Hungary
certain to give its assistance to Italy by i
ate cure
diversion. We can, indeed, only gineteni_ny
ebb,
for the evils of Austria, one escape frombeult many
dangers the
dangers which threaten her. It
province which is her .vulnerable ptooiant. Should

Central
her dignity ...
she give up Venetia act semi as n oug 1vi1:—..."
allow, and on terms consistent with her ante ,t, 11 S
EurOpitute
h England and France would I.Se glad to see het' '
Thisherself
sacrifice a really
woulds tron
allowp6‘xl.ebreinEmperer
to make t concessions to Hungary w:bich alone
can insure t allegiance of that kingdom. On the
other hand, if Austria persist in her present course,
she must sink into bankruptcy under the bur, den of
war expenses. With an impossible positioll .to
maintain in Venetia, and an impending insurrem`•ion
at her back, her ruin is a mere question of time,
and is as certain as that of the vassal soveVeignty al:-
Naples.— Times.

IRELAND.

..,
DUBLIN, SATURDA Y•
The latest particulars published in reference to .the
assassination .of Mr. John Murray in the county ~.,f
Donegal, of which I apprised you yesterday by tele-
gram, are as follows :

" It appears Murray left his cottage about 10
o'clock on Tuesday morning, accompanied by two
or three dogs, to look after his master's estate, and
had travelled nearly a mils and a-half from home
when he met his fate. The police had been scour-
ing the country from the first suspicion that Mur-
ray had been foully made away with. Their search,
however, on Tuesday and Wednesday proved in-
effectual. The tenantry on the Adair estate were
warned to turn out, they being familiar with :the
district, and search for the missing land-stevear d,
whom they shortly succeeded in finding at the foe t
of a precipice, at the distance from his house men- •
tioned above, about nine o'clock on Thursday morn-
ing, and they at once brought the intelligence to a
party of police preparing for a day's search, and all
hastened to the spot and found the corpse of poor
Murray. He lay on his back, on a ledge of one of
the rocks near the foot of the precipice, with kis
face turned upwards. One of his arms lay aeroa e
his breast, and the other by his side. His hair ',maxi
dishevelled, clotted and the eyes coperi.
The body bore marks sufficient to prove thatAur-
ray met his death by violence. The poor el ow
seems to have made a desp
erate fight for life, for all
along the edge of the precipice footmarksindicate _
that a struggle took place. The face of the murdered
man presented a sad spectacle. Immediately under
the right eye was a frightful wound, as if iniicted
by a blunt instrument, and there was a similar
wound on the right temple. Murray's skull,
upon examination, was found to have been_
completely smashed in. His shirt and the
breast of his coat were torn by the hands of the
fiends who murdered him. Near where the corpse
lay was found a five-barrelled revolver, with the
stock smashed. The police state that the wood
part was completely wrenched from the steel
work. Upon inspecting this weapon it was found
that one of the barrels had been discharged. Near
to the body was found a large stone, weighing
about seven pounds, covered with blood and hair.
There was also found near the body a button which
corresponded with those on his shirt. The body
was carried to the cottage which he had left only
two mornings before in health and strength. One
can well imagine the feelings of his poor widow on
receiving the remains of her dead husband. He
has left one child."
HABEAS CORFUS.—IN THE MATTER OF D'ARCT
MINORS.
In this case, the nature of which I recently stated
when it was before the Court of Common Pleas in
its preliminary stage, Chief Justice Monahan de-
livered judgment. The case had come before the
Court on a motion by Francis D'Arcy, otherwise
Kingsbury, the mother of the minors, to show cause
why the conditional order for a writ of habeas
corpus to bring up the bodies of her five children,
should not be made absolute. The application for
the habeas corpus had been made on behalf of the
Rev. Patrick Kearney, the Roman Catholic clergy-
man of Ovoca, county of Wicklow, and of Lady
Catherine Petre, who claimed to be testamentary
guardians of the persons of the children, under a
will of their deceased father, bearing date the 20th
May, 1860. This will devised all the property of
the testator to Francis D'Arcy, in trust for his chil-
dren, whom he desired to have brought up in the
Roman Catholic faith, which he himself professed.
The case made on behalf of the prosecutors was that
they did not attempt to interfere with the custody
of the children until they ascertained that the
mother, in violation of the injunction contained in
the will, was bringing them up as members of the
Established Church. Three of the children were
domiciled in a Protestant institution. but there was
no allegation that they were detained there against
their will, or that they suffered any duress what-
ever. The mother, in her affidavit, stated
that she was not, in fact, the legal wife
of Patrick D'Arcy, the deceased, as no
marriage vali 1 in 1 w had ever been solemnized
between them. She deposed to her being the child
of Protestant parents, reared and confirmed in the
Protestant Church, and at all times professing the
Protestant faith. She stated that she had regu-
larly and constantly attended Divine service in the
parish church, and constantly participated in the
sacrament as administered by the Protestant Church.
The circumstances of the marriage were as follows :
—Frances Kingsbury and Patrick D'Arcy were
fellow-servants in the family of Lady Catherine
Petre. The girl had been seduced and was about
to become a mother, when a marriage was solem-
nised between them by tie Rev. Mr. Kearney. She
swore that, previous to this ceremony, the deceased
had told her that Mr. Kearney had made some diffi-
culty about officiating, on the ground that she was
a Protestant, he ultimately yielded when it was
hinted that the parties would proceed to Dublin
and get married there. Mr. Kearney swore that
on the occasion of the marriage the woman had pro-
fessed herself a Catholic, but he did not state that
she had so professed herself for 12 months, or any
period previous to that event. On the contrary, the
rector of the parish, and a person named Dodson,
gave positive evidence of her attendanceatae
church
time
and participation in the Sacrament up to
of the marriage. Under thosecirtchuemcsteaunreteswetrhee,
questions for the consideration of
of the
ill.As to the first
whether this was a valid marriage,
and whether
the father had the power of disposing
chil-
dren, the issue of it, by deed or w
question, the Irish
alone
thmoraintid'eas",
tory, but was supported
utbe
ywaassern ioets oafl
Catholic •
Ireland celebrated by a Roman priest
all of which went to this, that a marriage in
between parties, one or other of whom had not pro-
fessed the Roman Catholic religion for at least 12
months previously, was null and void without any
judgment or sentence being necessary. As to
the second point, the statute of Charles 11. applied.
However open to argument the construction of
this statute might have been at the time of
its passing, the train of authorities had since
clearly decided that the power of testamentary
disposition was inherent only in the father of
children born in lawful wedlock. The Court were
of opinion, under all the circumstances, that the
conditional order should be discharged. In coming
to this conclusion they were anxious it should be
understood that they did not pronounce the chil-
dren illegitimate. They simply decided that there
was not evidence then before them sufficient to esta-

blish legitimacy, and they left the parties to such
other proceedings as they might be advised to assert
any rights which they conceived to be derived
under the will of Patrick D'Arcy.

CHILD MURDER.—On Friday notices were issued
by the Board of Guardians of the West London Union
that it is their intention to offer a reward of £5O for the
discovery of the person or persons who were accessoryi t:
the murder of a newly-born infant, whichw'ul
fog;
of
few weeks since in Victoria-street, City, in the distrround
the union. It was discovered with a piece f
its throat, and there were other appearances from
a
on a post-mortem examination of the body by
surgeon, it
was his opinion the death of the unfortunate chii d was the
übsequently taken
effect of violence. An inquest was after hearing
by Mr. Payne, on view of the boclY,
tw6_ he'',
jury returned a
the evidence of the various witnessost,mhe
person or persons
verdict of "Wilful murder againest
a recommendation was
unknown." At the same
etiummn erous cases of infanticide,
made, in consequence of the
ffnred by the guardians for the
that a reward should I?
WATCH MANI,
apprehension of the guilety party or parties.
FACTrRES.—
PERFECTION OF ART IN
don cannot fail to be struck with the
strang 1?-
eltiaolishnments of goldsmiths with which the
magnificent-
Such displays as are presented to the eye
City abounds.
iy to be met with in any other city in the world,
are rare
le fortunes are concentrated in their window.
indeed
wgthat"mong such establishments is that of Mr. Ben-
Fonrer3oiiiid 34, Ludgate-hill, which may truly be called the
Vonse of Art. Everything exhibits the most perfect taste ;
and while the beautiful is thus cherished, the useful is also
carefully studied. Mr. Benson has gained a high position
for the superior manufacture and artistic designs of his
watches especially. City Prtss.—Benson's illustrated
Pamphlet, post free for two stamps, is descriptive of every
construction of watch now made. Watches safe by post
to all parts of the globe.
4 4

OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT- '
11, GARDEN—under the Management of Miss LOUISA
DYNE and Mr. W. HARRISON, Sole Lessees.
THIS EVENING, THE NIGHT DANCERS. Messrs
H. Halc,,h, IL Corri, G. Kelly, Distin, and Lyall ; Mad,arne
Palmieri, Miss Albertazzi, Miss Lefilzr, Miss Thirlwel, and
Miss Huddart.
And a Ballet of Action Ambuscade.
Conductor—Mr. .Alfred Mellon.
Doors open at Seven. Commence at Half -past.

THEATRE-ROYAL' HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baekstone.
THIS EVENING the performances will commence With
THE SUN AND THE WIND. By, the Leclercqs.
After which, THE BABES IN THE WOOD.
And MY WIFE'S DAUGHTER.
Commence at 7.

OPAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee and Manaffer, Mr. A. Harris.
11i)

THIS EVENING, an adaptation of Victor Hugo's cele-
brated Play of RUY BLAS, by Edmund Falconer, Esq.
-when Mr. Pechter, the favourite actor of Parisian renown,
will make hisl2oth appearance on the English stage, supported
by Messrs. W. Lacy, Meadows, Garden, Graham, Raymond,
Norland, Collett, Paulo, Daly, A. Harris ; Miss Rose
Leclercq, Mrs. Weston, and Miss Heath.
To be preceded by SUSAN SMITH:

To conclude with THE GARIBAT.DI EXCURSIONISTS

'THEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM
Soil; Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.

THIS EVENING. the performances will commence with
THE YOUNG WIDOW. Mr. II Neville, Mr. J. Rouse,
Miss Hudspeth, and Miss Rose Howard.
Followed by the new drama, entitled ADRIENNE ; or
THE SECRET OF A LIFE. Principal characters bv Mr.
Henry Neville, Mr. John Rouse, Mr. H. Butler, Mr. Villiers,
Mr. G. Vinimr, Mr. Forrester, Mr. Campbell„ Mr. Clifford,
Mr. J. Johnstone ; Mrs. Keeley, and Madame Celeste.
After which, THE PE OF THE PARTERRE.
Scenic Department under the direction of Mr. Wm. Caflcott.
The Music by Mr. Georze Loder. Principal charactersby Mr
11. Neville. Mr. John Rouse, Mr. J. Morris. Miss M. Ternan,
Miss Neville, MissiTudspeth, Miss Stuart, Miss Turner, Miss
Douglas, Miss Annie Collinson, and Miss Lydia Thompson.
Commence at 7.

A DELPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
f7t. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. BenJ. Webster.
Engagement for a limtted number of nights of Miss Agnes
Robertson and Mr. Dion Boucicault, who will appear
every evening, in the highly successful Drama of " The
Colleen Ramon.
THIS EVENING-. THE RIFLE BRIGADE. Messrs. W.
Smith. D. Fisher, C. Selby, Miss Woolgar, Miss Kate Kelly,
and Mrs. Killington.
After which, TIIE COLLEEN BAWN. D. rioncicault, D.
Fisher, Killington, Falconer, Stephenson. C. J. Smith, Romer.
and
Miss Agnes Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington,
Mrs. Chatterley.
To conclude with MUSIC HATII CHARMS. Mr. David
Fisher.
Doors
Box op en at half-p n from 10 ast B—Com
tillmes. nce at 7.
No charge for booking.
Private boxes, £2 2s. ; Family Boxes,•4l.
Orchestra Stalls, ss. • Balcony, 4s. ; Front Circle Stalls, Ss. ,•
Pit Stalls, 20.; Pit, is. Bd. ; Amphitheatre, is ; Gallery, &I
Acting Manager—Mr. Win. Smith.

A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
171 Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Wm. BATTY.
Triumphant nieces& and increasing popularity of the Grand
Spectacle of Ronrx Hoop.
Last Six Nights.

This Evening, the highly successful new Spectacle, in Three
Acts, by t. Fitzball, Esq., entitled ROBIN HOOD ; or. the
Merry Outlaws of Sherwood ; introducing, the Stud of highly-
trained Horses, Herd of real Deer, Stag, Hounds, &e,
Ailan-
a-Dale, Miss Rebecca Isaacs ; Robin Hood, Mr. John Prit-
chard.
To be succeeded by Scenes in the Arena, supported by
the celebrated Madame Newsome, Mr. James Newsome
and their Troupe of unequalled performers, &c., including
the incomparable Young Charles Ducrow, the Greatest
Wonder of the age.
Doors open at half-Fast 6, performance commenoe at 7.
Box-office open daily from 11 till 4
Stare Manager—Mr. W. WEEM.
Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson.

CANTERB UR Y HALL CONCERTS.—
EVERY EVENING,
A Grand Selection from the opera of
NORMA.

Norma .... • •
Adalcisa
(Her first apnearance in this country.)
After which the ETHIOPIANS, consisting of Seventeen Per-
formers. organised expressly for this establishment, for the
Performance of Vocal and Instnimental Music, Comic and
Sentimental, with Negro Delineations, Anecdotes, &c. Prin-
cipal Negro Artistes, Messrs. Joe Brown, G. W. Pell, H.
Drummond, and Charley Fox.
Musical Director, Mr. F. JONGHMANS.

Hall. Rd.
Balcony, is

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, Nov. 18, 1860.
THZIMOMETER7 IN THE SHAMS.
43—highest since noon yesterday.
33—lowest this morning and during the night.
42—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.91.
WlND—North; light, with fine dry cold weather.

Nov. 19.
THERMOMETER, IN THEI 13111D1.
42—highest since noon yesterday.
30—lowest this morning and during the night.
41—this day at noon.
__ __

BAROMETER-30.12.
WlND—North-Westerly ; moderate, with fine weather.
Frost in the night.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, sh. 56m.—Afternoon, 6h. 20m
To-molutow.-Morning, 6h. 45m.—Afternoon, 7h. 13m,

ty74
. 1.C,,,A.1. ..4..,. _
.
.---:c rc*.l
14:1„.1,4k4
_i.„. s' ' T?',,,.. ' 't--1.-felle• to \ ,
. •
,_..,-,:-JA . _ ~..._.
•
....4 :',...--::-.,.. -...„.„- ~, ~,.,, ~ , , n ---4. •
'4,...7 i'744.; et-•;tm -,411,....;/.' • ~.(.1.0,, ---AlSt-,------''' " 1 '1•:s '
...ots,,-.::,,,,•„, -
-,,,!---:-L--r•d,,,d ,•• •,..4. •

THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, NOV. 19, 1860.

The election of Mr. LINCOLN is now secure.
New York, the city, we presume, which is the more
remarkable, has given her vote in his favour by a
majority of 10,000. This is decisive ; the House of
Representatives, and the Senate, will have nothing
to do with the matter. The Republican candidate,
the man chosen to reverse the pro-slavery policy of
the last forty years, will be the elect, directly, of
the delegates chosen by the people.
We congratulate, from the bottom of our hearts,
the great American nation on this propitious result.
It is one as truly important, politically, as that of
GARIBALDI'S noble and brave enterprise. It will

tell most happily, both on the internal and the ex.

ternal relations of America, and will, we cannot
doubt, be one of the most important eras of Ameri-
can history. Ever since 1820, at least, a policy has
been gaining the political ascendancy, which,
though it may seem paradoxical to say so, was not
the policy approved by the hearts of the great
majority of the people enjoying universal suf-
frage and the ballot a sufficient proof
we shall be told of the uselessness of those institu-
tions. This, however, is simple ignorance or
thoughtlessness ; for we see before us that univer-
sal suffrage and the ballot can correct popular
errors, and that without turbulence, when they
become manifest. But the truth is that the long,
dreary, pro-slavery policy of so many years has
been due to a well-organised, but utterly unscru-
pulous party combination. The slave States, who
are naturally the aristocratic States of the Union,
Perceived that the Democratic party, as opposed
to the Conservatives, there called Republicans,
were the stronger. They made, therefore, with
them the unholy compact, that if the Democrats
would include in their programme a pro-slavery
policy they
would aid them with all their
strength. It has been a coalition of extreme
republicanism and
slavery—of men who asserted
liberty of white men to the uttermost, with men
who trode underfoot every right of a coloured man,
and even declared that he has Lone which a white
man is bound to respect? Universal suffrage and
the ballot-box therefore have done what they
profess to do. They have responded faithfully to
the will of the majority. If a
majority was
created by an immoral compact, its verdict was
given, bad though it might be. If the majority,
coolly reviewing what they had been
doing, pro-
nounced against their former decision, Universal
Suffrage and the Ballot gave place for repentance;
and the right vote was manfully given. This isthe
simple account of the matter, adding and subtract-
ing nothing, and we do not think the friends of
these institutions have anything to be ashamed of,
or their enemies anything to boast of. It is evi-
dent that by their means a change for the better
in a nation's sentiments can quietly give effect to
itself ; and they point to the true method of gain-
ing the upperhaand with a free people—patient
teaching and pe,nuasion,
We congratulate our cousins on the happy effect
which their choice will have on the estimation in
which they are held by the nations of the old
world, and esp ecially by England. The election
of ABRAIIAX Li ;;SCOLN will be hailed evtrywhere.•

• ,-,,,,,

as a declaration that the great Republic is not a

slave Re übl. _We shall not, indeed, expect
ilities. We know better than to imagine
•

la Congress will interfere in the smallest measure

with the sovereign rights of the slave States ; we
do not even look for any very strong federal action
against slavery, being quite aware that the two
houses, the Senate especially—would not yet con-
cur in anything of the kind. But we saw the
plague spreading in every direction—we saw the
new territories proclaimed by the South to
be slave-land even before they were settled
—we saw it threatened that this awful
moral and political pestilence would soon
cover the whole of the Northern Continent—but
ABRAHAM LINCOLN " stands between the living
and the dead, and the plague is stayed." Hence-
forth slavery is limited to the Pandemonium it has
made ; henceforth it will perpetrate no more Kansas
atrocities to resound throughout Europe to the
disgrace of free institutions ; henceforth it will
pass no more fugitive slave-laws ; henceforth it will
nominate no more partisans to the Supreme Court
of Justice ; henceforth it will be limited to its own
blighted domains, till it exterminates itself by its
unfitness for existence without the safety-valve of

extension over new territories.
The friends of liberty in Europe will soon
cease to be taunted with the policy of the great
Republic, and cease to be ashamed of it. For it
was not the mere existence of slavery in America—
that was known to be an accident of the nation's
birth—but the fact of its being governmentally
fostered and defended, which so injured the repu-
tation of liberty in American hands, and enabled
old Toryism in Europe to point to her institutions
as really unfriendly to genuine freedom. We may
now hope that the slavery spirit will be
cowed for ever. It would hardly seem to be
within the power of a cause so inherently
villanous to regain its ascendancy. It is not like

those Conservative tendencies, which are as right
in themselves, and as inherent in all civilised
society, as the tendency to progress. Slavery is
confessed to be an utterly and irredeemably bad

thing. It can have none of the vitality, therefore,
by which a defeated good principle is for ever re-
viving till it finally conquers. One serious defeat
like this must be a final defeat. The cause of
slavery is henceforth a retreating one. It has been
defeated in every stage. Mrs. STOWE'S raillery made
it ludicrous; the better theologians of late have proved
it wicked ; Helpers Book and Mr. SEWARD proved
it to be the commercial impoverishment and ruin ;
and now ABRAHAM LINCOLN has shown that it
cannot, even by a base coalition, keep its political
supremacy. After this fourth public defeat we may
hope, therefore, that it will retire to its old
position of a necessary evil in some sections of the
country for the present ; an evil which all good
men will exert themselves to mitigate as much as
they can, and finally to extirpate.
We must regard 1860 as a year of unusual good
omen to the future relations between this country
and the United States. The visit of the PRINCE is
a fact which has produced an equally favourable
impression on both countries. They will be long
before they forget the spirit in which he was sent
to them, and the spirit in which he conducted him-
self among them ; and we shall be as long in for-
getting that the descendants of the revolted
colonists exerted themselves to the utmost to show
how cordially they esteemed the present SOVE-
REIGN of Great Britain, and how they
delighted to do her honour in the person of her
son, the future Sovereign of these realms. But if
the PRINCE'S visit will do much as a single and
pleasing incident, the election of an anti-slavery
President, as an indication of permanent policy,
will do even more. England will now approve of
the general course of United States policy; and
with the deminancy of the Slave power half the
causes of irritation between the two countries will
cease. England must ever be an anti-slavery
country, and its Government of any party an anti-
slavery Government. When on this great point the
two countries and their Governments are at one, we
may be confident that it will be a source of mutual
goodwill.

If ever the Poles have hoped, it must be now—
now in the presence of Italy risen and emanci-
pated. Let Poland but yet a little longer be faithful
to herself, and the day will come, too, for her
political resurrection. The beginning of the end,
indeed, of her misfortunes may date actually from
that sinister gathering, in her ancient capital, of
the descendants of the three rulers by whom the
land of SOBIESKI, the Kingdom of STANISLAUS,
was seized and subdivided. It may even be that
the expiation, fated ever since the first partition of
Poland to fall with avenging weight sooner or
later upon Russia, upon Austria, upon Prussia,
may be thus signal and direct, if only the noble-
hearted sons of Poland continue a little while
longer true to the lofty hopes they have each
and all of them so long cherished. Of this there
are unnumbered auguries—many of them singu-
larly and even wonderfully auspicious. The
example of Italy has already been particularised,
and that as a scarcely resistible incentive and
encouragement. The probable emancipation (be-
fore many months more have elapsed) of the
heroic Hungarians, contributes another" sign of the
times," full of fair promise to the Poles and to
Poland. Added to either of these interests—the
interests of the Italian nationality already, in a
great measure, re-established, and the interests of
the Hungarian nationality nearer than ever now to
its eventual and inevitable re-establishment—added
to the new hopes awakened by the influence upon
the hearts of the more ardent and faithful of the
patriots of Poland, is there not fresh encouragement
to be drawn by them from the rapid and obvious
decadence, the visible and very manifest crumbling
away of one of the three great robber-powers, that
of the Austrian KAISER ? It was but yesterday
that the finest province of all Austria was violently
wrenched from the grasp of that Govern-
ment by the strong hand of the Em-
peror of FRANCE at the head of his armed
legions ! It was but yesterday that Lombardy
was thus torn from the young Austrian KAISER
by NAPOLEON 111., and handed over at once, with a
magnificent grace, by that Monarch to the Soldier-
King VICTOR EMMANUEL 11., the royal leader
of the Italian population. Since then Austria has
been mustering her forces in the covert of Venetia
and the Quadrilateral—there fairly driven to bay
by the terror of the great Movement in the South
headed by GARIBALDI—the movement now concen-
trating its force in that Sceptre of Italian Unity
which has but so very recently been placed by
GARIBALDI in the grasp of the knightly gauntlet
upon the bold right hand of the Re Galatiguomo.
It has been estimated that, within the shadow
and shelter of that stronghold of Venetia
and of those fortresses of the Quadrilateral,
Austria with a bankrupt Exchequer !
has been gathering together, at enormous
cost, during these last fourteen
or sixteen
months, an army but little short of 200000 maeund.
This—as we have said, with her coffers empty
her Exchequer literally all but in a state of bank-
ruptcy. Her position as a great power is, in truth,
so precarious, so obviously perishable, that we have