The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-22 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 22, 1860.

The Austrian Constitution is at last published,
and what to make of it is the question. On the
face of it, the concessions are such, that had they
been made spontaneously, and could the slightest
reliance be placed on the Monarch who made
them, they would be hailed all over Europe as an
unheard-of tribute to liberal principles. Unfortu-
nately, every thing that can give confidence is
wanting. The time, and the man, are equally
adverse to the supposition of sincerity. FRANCIS
°sEPTI has shown no more principle than any of
his ancestors, or rather as total an absence of any
principlebut that of retaining absolute sovereignty
by mingled fraud and violence, as all the HAPS-
BURGS have always evinced. When strong they
would crush civil and religions liberty, when
weak they would lay snares for it. Nor
do we remember any important docu-
ment to -which
they have put their
hands, which they have not either openly
trampled underfoot, or into
which they have not
contrived to insert some •
provision which they
could turn to their purpose.

The first question any one asks when glancing
over these seemingly great concessions
are
they intended to quiet Hungary, and to render
trustworthy the 100,000 soldiers she contributes
to the army, in the event of another Italian
struggle ? The vast concentration of forces on the
Po and the Mincio, and the sending of General
BENEDEIC, their best general, to take the command
in Venetia, look almost as much like attack, as
mere defence. We have, however, the strongest
assurances, even renewed up to this day, that
Austria will not attack unless attacked. We have
also every assurance that she will not be attacked, not
only from the language of Count C.lvotilt, but
from the language of Italian circumstances. We
are glad, indeed, to see that the King of SARDINIA
is moving on to Naples to take on himself the so-
v_e.reignty offered him by the people and by the
151kt:tor, and that his generals are thoroughly
bettr
tniC the Neapolitans and taking them prisoners.
But Nri,..,,z)v.
FotMANL-EL will have enough on his
hands for
in settling the political affairs of
din eneatihening her army, before he
mlteadlyd,leas with n
Verse a
• Not before next spring
could things be suff4enti
7 settled in Italy for him

to think of attacking Venetia, and he will proba-

bly then try more peaceful means.
The other great fear pressing on Austria is that
of bankruptcy, utter and hopeless. She cannot get

loans without institutions which command. the con-

fidence of the money-lenders. She cannot raise

taxes without institutions which command the con-

fidence of her subjects. Hence a Government
which contents the people is the sine qua non of
the sinews of war. Whether she would attack, or

be safe in case of attack, she must make sure of

two things, one that she can maintain an army—
the other that Hungary will not be in insurrection
in her rear—indeed, that the Hungarian sol-
diers themselves will not refuse to fight in her
cause. Austrian beggary, Austrian fears
of VICTOR EMMANUEL, of GARIBALDI, of
Hungary, and Hungary's soldiers, all combine to
force great concessions from a man from whom
they are not worth even so much as those of our
CHARLES I. This is the great difficulty ; and we
must leave it to the Hungarians to say how they
will meet it.
In a short time we shall hear of Hungarian com-
ments on the HAPSBURG Charter. We may be
wrong ; but, plausible as it looks, we fear there are
points of danger in it which even a foreigner may
detect. It makes no mention of the historical
rights of Hungary—the point on which the people
have so wisely insisted. The Pragmatic Sanction
adverted to is merely, if we understand it
aright, the sanction of 1722, under CHARLES
VI., who had no male offspring, of the here-
ditary succession in the female line, in virtue
of which the present EMPEROR has any
claim to be King of Hungary at all. What the
Hungarians, we believe, demand, is the recogni-
tion of all the arrangements sworn to by the late
Emperor with the Diet of Hungary, and which
Prince SCWARTZENBERG and the present Emperor
have overthrown by sheer violence. Next, ive see
no guarantee whatever for the security of what is
conceded. It is a charter which the Emperor can
revoke, and certainly would recal to-morrow
if he were strong enough to do it. There
is one provision in former compacts of the
Hungarians with the HAPSBURGS of more :im-
portance than all mentioned in the summary
before us—the King of Hungary cannot, legally
introduce foreign, not even German, soldiers into
the kingdom. That provision at least is essential
to the safety of any liberties gained by Hungary.
She must have her own army, officered by natives,
and not permitted to be marched out of the king-
dom without her own consent, or she can never be
safe.

Were not HAPSBURGS HAPSBURGS, all would
say that much indeed had been granted, and that
Hungary is especially favourably dealt with. Legisla-
tive power is henceforth to be exercised only in con-
nection with the provincial councils; the Reichs-
rath is to be enlarged to 100 members, and its mem-
bers to have, apparently, entire control over finan-
cial matters. Centralization is to cease in regard
to the Ministers of Justice, Religion, and the In-
terior ; Hungary is to regain her Chancellor, and
he is to be a member of the Ministry ; but
Transylvania is in this respect and in others, though
desirous to unite with Hungary, to be separated
from her ; and it seems to be the intention to keep
the other minor parts of Hungary separate from her
if possible. We are told that the Hungarian constitu-
tional institutions are to be re-established; the Hun-
garian lan gnage restored in official and judicial busi-
ness, the University of Pesth re-opened, the D iet to be
convened " with the least possible delay"—and then
the Charter is to be inaugurated, and the EMPEROR
to be crowned King of Hungary ! But the Diet
ought to have been first convened, and to have dis-
cussed the Charter; and the oath sworn by the KING
should have been designated as the same as that
taken by the last. Three reactionist Ministers, the
the notorious Count THUN among them, quit the
Ministry, and Baron NICHOLAS VAT, one of the
foremost men among the Protestants in opposing
the late patent, is appointed Hungarian Chan-
cellor ; all things indeed would seem to be in the right
direction, were it not for the hand which holds the
rudder. The people must take it into their own
before they can be safe.

The present is certainly a very remarkable
year for Lord BROUGHAM. It will probably not
close before the publication of his lordship's long
preparing and long-expected treatise upon the
British Constitution. And meanwhile it has been
witnessing in various parts of the United Kingdom
a succession of notable demonstrations expressive
of the popular respect, affection, and gratitude
towards that noble, and learned, and venerable ex-
Chancellor.

Lord BROUGHAM'S last appearance before a great
public assemblage took place only the other day
at Liverpool, upon the occasion of the presentation
to that borough, by Mr W. BROWN, of a Public
Library and Museum, for the benefit of the inhabi-
tants, and especially of the working classes. A
fortnight previously the noble and learned lord
had addressed himself to an equally vast and
imposing concourse of the industrial population in
in the city of Glasgow. Before that he had de-
livered a remarkable harangue, inuagurative of
the latest of the annual proceedings at the Social
Science Congress, over which his lordship pre-
sided as at once the " guid ephilosopher and friend"
of that important association. A little earlier he
had afforded—even those who best appreciate his
comprehensive genius and his herculean grasp of
knowledge—reason for new astonishment in his re-
gard, by the delivery from the academic chair at
the University of Edinburgh, as its Chancel-
lor, of one of the most noble orations that
had ever fallen from even those eloquent lips.
This, moreover, within the vivid recollection
of the superb speech not so very long previ-
ously delivered by " the old man eloquent" at
the inauguration of the monument erected to the
memory of Sir ISAAC NEWTON at that King of
Men's birthplace, Grantham. Scarcely has the
noble and learned ex-Chancellor afforded us fresh
evidence of the undimmed vitality of his intellec-
tual powers in one locality than he appears anew
at some other, ready to confirm that ever-welcome
impression, and to convince the millions of his fellow
countrymen that, what Lord BROUGHAM WaS in
his physical prime, he is still to the last (even now
at the approach of the period of decrepitude) as an
octogenarian.

The reception accorded to the noble and vener-
able lord wherever he has appeared during the past
fewhim
,mboenstohnsd, mast certainly have tended to convince
proud of him. Lord t
moment's
itodoubt, that we are all
this time, we should imagine,
i nm
Greatust
he himself at any rate is
appreciated. And be
is appreciated, too, where a man
of his character
would best wish to be appreciated—he is aPre-
elated where Sir ROBERT PEEL aspired the
mostP
earnestly to be borne in grateful and affectionate re-
membrance—in the homes and at the hearths of the
of the labouring classes of this country,
Great body
He has done a giant's work for the good of the
people, and he has done it well. As
as the greatest of all living law
agreatL
Reformers,aw English
hasßeformer, swept away a hundred thousand
abuses and grievances. As the antagonist of,

Slavery he broke the last linklin the fetters '
binding the African race to the triumphal chariot
wheels of Britannia. As the champion of the grand
and beneficent cause of the Education of the
masses he has done more than any other man
that could be named, to diffuse knowledge at the
cheapest rate and with the utmost facility among
the bulk of the toiling population. It was in fur-
therance of this last-mentioned cause—a cause
ever dear in a peculiar degree to the heart of
Lord BROUGHAM—that the noble lord appeared
and spoke on Saturday evening last at the soiree
and distribution of prizes in connexion with the
Mechanic's Institution, in the Philosophical Hall at
Huddersfield. It was Lord BROUGHAM who distri-
buted the prizes. It was Lord BROUGHAM who deli-
vered the opening address, and who presided in fact
over the whole proceedings. And remembering the
character of the assemblage and the nature of the in-
cident which had brought it together, we read as a
mere matter of course, in the account given of it, that
the reception accorded to the illustrious ex-Chan-
cellor was one marked by no ordinary enthusiasm
and earnestness.

Huddersfield, recollect, is the home and the haunt
of Lord BROUGHAM'S old constituency ! Many,
many years have passed away since he stood there as
the representative of what is now for the most part a
bygone generation. No wonder we read then, at
the very outset of the report of Saturday's
proceedings that " his lordship was received with
quitO an ovation of applause," or that when imme-
diately upon his appearance the whole of the
audience then and there joined in singing " Auld
Lang Syne," " the venerable nobleman was
affected to tears." When Lord BROUGHAM upon the
commencement of the proceeding directly afterwards
rose to address the assembly, again he was the objeet
of this heartfelt ovation, being received with a re-
newed outburst of acclamation. " I do assure you,"
said Lord BROUGHAM, " my old constituents, that
I am very deeply affected by the kind reception I
have met with at your hands"—the reporter
adding in parenthesis " (his lordship was here
visibly overcome)." Incidents of this kind do
honour alike to the illustrious ex-Chancellor him-
self and to the multitude also of those grateful
fellow-countrymen of his, for whom he has laboured
during a long life so nobly and, thank GOD, so suc-
xessfully.

" The elections in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and In-
diana have resulted in favour of the Republicans."
Such is the gratifying announcement from America,
The Democrats had hoped to carry Pennsylvania,
which, next to New York, has the largest vote for
the Presidency, and which turned •the scale in
1856 in favour of BUCHANAN and the extension of
slavery. It may now be hoped that that State is
secure to the better cause. The elections now re-
ferred to are those for State not Federal offices ;
but they generally indicate, as nearly as possible to
certainty, which way the voting for the President
will go. Both the great parties exert them-
selves to the uttermost in the State, as well as in
the Federal elections, and as the Republicans have
triumphed now they will in all probability triumph
in November also. It must be remembered that
the struggle is not between abolition of slavery and
its retention ; but for the prevention of its ex-
tension into the territories of the Union
which are not yet formed into States. The
southern men are eager to make slavery co-exten-
sive with the settlement of the territories ; the
Republicans to prevent it. Republicans do not,
any more than Democrats, think of interfering with
slavery in states which desire to retain it, but
they insist that all North America shall not, by
any possibility, be blighted by slavery. They would
limit and discourage slavery, and encourage free
settlement; the Democrats would extend slavery to
all places over which the stripes and stars waved.
Mr. LINCOLN'S chances are certainly increasingly
good. Some fears are entertained respecting New
York, where the merchants have large pecuniary
connections with the South, and where Irish
Catholics are numerous, and, like their brethren
who saved their lives at Spoleto, very fond of doing
anything to enslave others, if left at liberty to talk
treason themselves, provided in what they do they
incur no hazard. There is, however, every reason
to hope that New York is right in the present
struggle.

THE LIVERPOOL FREE LIBRARY.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

NAPLES, OCT. 20.

The head of General Cialdini's column has en-
countered and beaten a corps of Neapolitan troops
at hernia. A general, 50 officers, 800 soldiers, and
a flag, remained in our hands.

TURIN, OCT. 21.
King Victor Emmanuel has arrived at Sulmona.

GRETA (via Marseilles), OCT. 13.

The Protis has arrived with 360 soldiers. She
will bring 500 soldiers of the garrison of Baia;
Provisions are beginning to fail at Gaeta.

ROME, OCT. 16.
The Piedmontese troops are encamped at Rieti,
10 leagues from Rome.
It is asserted that the enrolments for the Ponti-
fical army have ceased, and that General de Lamo-
riciere will positively return to France.

BERNE, OCT. 20.

M. von Strune, first Secretary to the Russian
Legation, has officially informed the Federal Coun-
cil that the whole personnel of the Russian
embassy has left Turin.

TURIN, OCT. 21 (Evening).

A despatch from Naples announces that the vote
on the question of annexation commenced there
at seven o'clock this morning, and continued amid
much enthusiasm. A large concourse of citizens
and clergy were assembled at the voting places.
General Cialdini has captured a portion of the
enemy's artillery.

WARSAW, OCT. 21.

The Prince Regent arrived here at 10.30 p.m.,
and was heartily cheered. His Royal Highness,
accompanied by the Emperor of Russia, proceeded
in an open carriage from the railway station to the
Belvedere.

The Emperor of Russia arrived here at 4.30 p.m.,
and was warmly received,

The Emperor of Austria only is staying at the
Chateau Lazienki. The Emperor of Russia and
the Prince Regent have taken up their residence at
the Belvedere. The ceremony of laying the first
stone of the new bridge over the Vistula will take
place to-morrow.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SUNDAY.

The .Patrie says :—" Baron Hubners's visit to
France is solely on personal matters. A French
journal speaks of an armed intervention of Austria
in Italy as having been decided on. The latest in-
formation announces, on the contrary, that Austria
will maintain a defensive attitude in Italy, and
will not act unless she is attacked."
The Press° states that Prince Metternich is ex-
pected in Paris.
Count Kisseleff, before leaving Paris, gave ex-
planations to M. Thouvenel in reference to the
interview at Warsaw. According to these expla-
nations, the object of the understanding of the
three Courts is, without departing from the system
of non-intervention, to agree upon the principles
for the regulation of their conduct in the face of
certain eventualities. Count Kisseleff, as well as
Count Pourtales, protested in the most explicit
manner against the supposition that the object of
the interview is to resuscitate the Holy alliance.

The Moniteur publishes a decree suppressing the
Gazetts de Lyons. _

The Ministerial report, proposing the suppres-
sion, says :
"Under present circumstances Government found
it convenient to allow great liberty to the journals;
but tolerance would be weakness if discussion were
allowed to degenerate to injurious hostility and
guilty provocations. For several days the portion
of the press which pretends to represent the sacred
cause of religion has redoubled its violence. An
act of firmness becomes necessary. Conscience
is troubled—authority and faith are lessened—by
the confusion that party spirit establishes between
the passions and religious interests. Religion would
be compromised if the most respected principles
were lowered to complicity im the revenge or am-
bition which the country has so often repudiated.
The Gazette de Lyons has signalised itself before all
others by its incessant appeals for agitation, the
perfidy of its attacks against the Government, and
the disdain it has opposed to the good advice of the
Administration. Its number of the 17th instant,
more especially, reached an excess that cannot be
tolerated."

BOURSE, Oct. 20.—The market continues dull
and inanimate, speculators appearing to have lost
all spirit for operations of any importance. Threes,
for the Account, which opened at 61f 75c, are now
at 68f 80c; Mobilier, 698 f 75c; Orleans, 1,365 f;
Northern, 970 f; Mediterranean, 916 f 25c; Austrian,
483 f 75c; Lombard, 480 f. The following are the
last quotations :-
4i per per Cents... 96
Do end month....

Credit 11Sicier 9OO
Belgian 4i 93 50
Piedmontese Fives 79
Roman 79
Austrian
Spanish Threes 4B 60
Home Debt

3 per Cents
Do. end month 6B 75
Bank Shares 2845
Credit Mobilier 697 50
Do. Account 695

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans 1360 .. 1361 25
Northern
New ditto
Lyons and Mediterranean 916 25 .. 913 75
Geneva 355 .. 355
Southern 503 75 .. 505
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard 4BO .. 480

THE CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND

AUSTRALIAN MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-
ship Ripon, Capt. Christian, with the heavy por-
tion of the above mails, has arrived. She brings
65 passengers and six packages specie, value
132,000; also the following cargo :-300 packages
dates, 112 barrels grapes, 4 packages elephant's
teeth, 125 packages sundries, and 682 bales raw silk
—value £680,000 sterling.
The Ripon sailed from Alexandria on the 7th;
Malta, 12th ; and Gibraltar, the 16th inst. On the
19th, off Cape Finisterre, she spoke the schooner
Tees, standing to the southward ; 20th, at 2 p.m.,
passed the Tagus, with outward Peninsular mails,
steering to the southward; and on the 21st, at
8 a.m., passed the screw-steamer Ceylon, with the
outward Calcutta and Australian mails, steering
the same course.

Her Majesty's gunboat Assurance, Dutch cor-
vette Heldon, frigate Zellard, Russian frigate Elia
Ammoniet, and the Egyptian fleet, were at
Alexandria.

Her Majesty's ships Queen, James Watt, St.
Jean d'Acre, Argus, and gunboat Mohawk, were
at Malta.

At Gibraltar her Majdsty's gunboat Quail, and
the yacht Mirage, to sail for Naples.
Her Majesty's screw ship Mars, 80 guns, Capt.
Strange, from Plymouth, left Gibraltar on the
13th, to join the squadron of Admiral Martin in the
Mediterranean.

The sanction of the Queen of Spain has been
granted to construct a port of safety at Algesiras.
The Government has allotted upwards of 11,000,000
reals for the expense of the undertaking.
Queen Isabella :and the Rdyal party visited the
principal theatre ea Saragossa on the 11th. On her
Majesty's retiring, 1,000 students, with lighted
torches, formed a d ouble line to the Palace, and re-
mained till dayligl it serenading the Royal party.
The Persian Am bassador during his stay at Gib-
raltar visited the rock galleries and the steamer
Himalaya, lying iA t the harbour. He embarked on