The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-09 00:00:00

ME SU LO"NDON, THURSDA Y! VENING aCTOI3Eit 9 1851.1

commerce Buff ers no injury by their not being able
to get it !" This would unquestionably be the
case when really national notes of convenient
denominations were in circulation, and when the

suspension 'as not caused by pecuniary pressure or
embarrassment. When that, however, is the case, the
result will necessarily be very different. The inconver-
tible paper currency will be looked on with distrust
if the normal condition is that it only appears
when the Bank is unable to pay cash. But when
it is made the State currency—the only mode of
satisfying the claims of the tax gatherer—when
it is more likely to be at a premium, the result
will be very different. Then it will be eagerly
sought after, and the wisdom and propriety of the
change will be universally recognised.
This ought to be done both in France and
England without a moment's unnecessary delay.
Gold and silver should be made merely articles of
merchandise, and dealt with as such. When there
was a great demand, the price would naturally
rise—but in so doing there would be no disturb-
ance of the home market—nothing to diminish
the employment of the people, or to convert
those who ought to be the creators and con-
sumers of national wealth into unprofitable pro-
ducers. The foreign merchant would have no
cause to complain ; he would only have to enter
into a closer calculation, introducing an additional
element, viz., the price of gold, into the account ;
while for the inhabitants of the country they
would secure that greatest of blessings, a circu-
Ia tion adequate to their wants and exigencies, and
free from the fluctuations which have caused more
ruin and suffering than the failure of all the banks
of issue- that have stopped payment from their
foundation to the present time.

October, 1856—observe ! the early atctttn►n
of the Year of the Peace (so called)—brings to us
the following, among various other similar, frag-
ments of intelligence, expressive of the profound.
ness of the European tranquillity :
The political embarrassments of the Porte are
increasing.

The truce is to expire on the 12th inst. between
Turkey and Montenegro.
There is a rise in the price of wheat, in conse-
quence of a scarcity of that article, at Constan-
tinople.

The in/hence of Lord STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE
prevails there one day—another that of M. VON
PRoarasez--another that of M. DE THOUVENEL.
The Xing of NAPLES persists in his refusal of
the Anglo-French ultimatum.
It is reported at Naples (where all is agitation
and uncertainty) that his MAJESTY is supported by
Russia, Austria, and Prussia.
The Ministerial Crisis has but just ended (for
the time being) at Copenhagen.
The Spanish Dictator O'DONNELL is showing
the greatest energy is regard to the affair of
Mexico.

The Portuguese SOYEZEIGN has• just decorated
one of the most conspicuous of the political oppo-
nents of this same Soldier of Fortune now holding
with a stern and vigorous grasp the reins of the
neighbouring Government.
A hundred persons were arrested on the night
of the 2d instant at Paris, in the Rue Mouffetard,
and:in the other streets of the 12th arrondissement
—these parties being charged with having posted
placards of a menacing character, demanding
" Bread or -."

The Viennese journalists are commenting just
now in eulogistic terms upon the " proud self-
confidence of the Russian Circular lately addressed
to the diplomatic agents of the Cass by Prince
G ORTSCRAXOPY.

Together with other, the like, pacific morsels
of information crowding in upon us from the dif-
ferent capitals of the European Continent.
And let it be here briefly remarked that we
have not been going out of our path to rake to-
gether from out-of-the-way corners and from a
variety of scattered and incongruous authorities
facts like the foregoing—simply with a perverse
view to further the purpose of some eccentric ar-
gument. Nothing of the kind. Every individual
circumstance above enumerated may be found com-
prised in our single impression of Monday evening
—sprinkled hap-hazard up and down our columns
—under the different headings of our Foreign In-
telligence. Marseilles, Vienna, Naples, Berlin,
Copenhagen, Paris, Lisbon, Constantinople—all
telling the same dismal talk about " Peace, Peace,
where there is no Peace "—in that single impres-
sion of our journal of the sixth of this present
October.

So much for the vaunted tranquilisation of
Europe by the Paris Plenipotentiaries ! S 3 ranch
for the happy influence even during the year of
grace 1856, of the ever-despicable and disgraceful
compromise with the Russian Government.
As a worthy pendant to that atrocious com-
promise came forth, only the other day,

the insolent and arrogant Manifesto issued
is the name of the CZAR by the Prince
GORTSCHAKOFF. A Manifesto more haughty and
overbearing in tone than the most haughty and
overbearing of those audacious documents given
to the world from time to time during the late
war, in the name of the same SOVEREIGN, or of
his immediate predecessor, authenticated by the
signature of the Muscovite Prime Minister, the
Count NASSELRODE. For that dictatorial an-
nouncement of the policy of the Czar ALnXANDER
we are indebted to the authors of the Paris Con-
ference—to the Count WALEWSKI especially, and
the Earl of CLARENDON, as the chief representa-
tives of the allied French and English G3vern-
ments. To those Governments in particular we
owe the discreditable remembrance of the hurried
close of the war—a Gallic Government
.presided
over by a IcAporazox—a British Government di-
rected by a PALMERSTON. Governments vieing
with each other in complimentary concessions to
the wanton violation of the Peace of Europe—

that Muscovite despotism which, unscathed, and
in all its pristine puissance, has been permitted
to rear its crest of pride once more threateningly
over the other powers of Christendom. An arch
crime this, to the interests of Justice, of Humanity,
and of Civilisation, such as cannot fail, in GOD'S
good time, tip be very awfully avenged.

The Neapolitan affair has dwindled into but
sorry dimensions. It may seriously be questioned
whether, unless the occupation of Galatz lead to
i§ new European rupture, as is not unlikely, an
allied fleet,.or any fleet at all, will drop anchor,
by way of demonstration, in the Bay of Naples.
Not lightly must " the Lonn's," or, to eschew
blasphemy, " the DEvu's, anointed " be meddled
with.

The King of NAPLES, we are told,has despatched
a letter in his own handwriting to her MAJESTY
and the Empetor NAPOLEON, graciously signifying
his intention to send a representative to the Paris
Congress, and b communicate his intentions re-
specting organic reforms and an amnesty. The
presumption, therefore, taking other circumstances
into account, is bis apparent concession will be
accepted as a boon, and his MAJESTY will be com-
plimented on his decision. The Neapolitan ques-
tion will then in due time be brought before the
Congress, and what his MAJESTY expresses his
willingness to concede will be pronounced worthy

of acceptance, and, some id) e guarantee being re-
corded, the annoying affaii: will be described as
settled and the peace of Eu: rope secured. On this
will follow an amnesty, exaufling most of those
the amnesty really required would include, the
initiation of one or more of the reforms
promised, and a graduEd if not precipitate
return to the old state cif things. Once more
the thin cry of some wretcl ►ed prisoner will pierce
the thick bars of his dung€ ,on, and, reaching the
ear of Europe, will set her diplomatist's wits to
work to prove that all tha t was best and wisest
was done for Naples at the Congress. Once more
the paid spy will pursue his avocation in broad
noon, and testify to the truth of his villanous
inventions in open court. OncE) more the air will
be thick with apprehension, ieve ry man will doubt
his neighbour, and the dunr;ecin will close in the
evening over the guiltless head that drooped to
hail the beams of the morning. Once more in-
sult and brutal assault in the street will be fol-
lowed by fetters and the bastinado in the prison.
Once more the executioner will end what the spy
began, and all the machinery of law will be in
requisition. A rising of the Italian people may
prevent this ; but else, judging from the past, who
will dare to predisate any better result from the
action of the Congress ?

We are perfectly aware of the presence of a
British fleet within no great distance of the scene
of tyranny and misrule. We are not to be
told of the designation of a French
fleet for Naples. Nor are we ignorant of
there being a talk of energetic and combined
action being resolved on. Our mind is made up
as to the least that should be done. Nevertheless,
the conviction that the Neapolitans are meant
to be sold weighs heavily 'upon us. Whatever
were the original intentions of France and Eng-
land, and the public have been cruelly mystified
respecting them, there can be little doubt the
Rxssian Circular has not been without its effect.
Had the two Governments been in earnest the
publication of that circular would have been im-
mediately followed by the despatch of the fleets.
As a matter of selfish policy, so haughty a re-
script from a power they affected to have hum-
bled, as well as beaten, should have been
thus answered. Instead of which, the aim of
Russia to pass for the arbiter of Europe, even at
the conclusion of an exhaustive war, is so far
accomplished. Talk of Western diplomacy ;
it is imbecility compared with the state-
craft of Russia. For want of Western wit—
Russia is never beaten, and, whatever she may
lose, always wins. The financial crisis in France
will doubtless be adduced by way of apology for
inaction, on the principle that a bad excuse is
better than none. The real truth seems, however,
to be simply this : an apprehension by our ally
of more danger to despotism from one despot
going to loggerheads with another than from the
rising of an oppressed people ; and our Govern-
ment is so involved with despots as to feel de-
prived of its free action. It is really time the
British public should speak out. The most serious
interests of the country are sacrificed by a hesi-
tating policy—all flames and thunder one day, and
stagnant as bilgewater the next. Does the Govern-
ment share the opinions of the Emperor ALEX-
ANDER, that despots have a right to interfere in aid of
despots against their subjects, while no Government
can possibly possess a right to aid subjects against
their despots, however grievously such subjects
may be oppressed ? Or does it believe that inter-
vention for the relief of oppressed humanity, or
intervention for the preservation of European
tranquillity, either or both, is a duty, and, as
such, should be discharged promptly and effectu-
ally I There ought to be no doubt on this head ;
but there is abundant reason for doubt—a state
of things that should not be suffered to continue.
The occupation of Galatz, it is to be hoped, will
force Government to speak out, and assume the
most decided action. The precise grounds of this
occupation are as yet unknown. These may be
either because of the threatened intervention
•f France and England in the affairs of
Naples, or in virtue of an understanding with
the PORTE. In either case the step Austria has
taken is likely to lead to the gravest results. If,
on the first ground—we cannot see how France
and England can fail to take up so daring a chal-
lenge. If, on the second, the pretence is too
barefaced to be admitted, and the act too flagitious
and daring not to demand exemplary retribution.
A continental war may therefore be looked for—
a conflict in which elements hitherto kept back
must be expected to participate—a war that we
trust will prove destructive of every hollow but
oppressive sham, and productive of lasting good
to the oppressed nationalities of Europe.

TEIE COURT CIRCULAR.

BALMORAL, OCT. 7.

Her Majesty the Queen, accompanied by the loyal
Princesses and Prince Alfred, attended by the Ladies
and Gentlemen in Waiting, went yesterday to Glen Veg,
whence her Majesty and party rode to the top of Craig
Cluny.

His Royal Highness went to the Hill deer stalking.

The Royal dinner party included her Royal Highness
the Duchess of Kent, her Serene Highness the Princess
Amelie of Hohenlohe Schillingfurst, his Serene Highness
the Prince Victor of Hohenlohe Langenburg, Lady Au-
gusta Bruce, and Lord James Murray.

RETURN OF THE COURT FROST SCOTLAND.—We learn
that the Queen, Prince Albert, and the rest of the Royal
Family, will leave Balmoral on their return to London
this day week. Arriving in Edinburgh about six o'clock
in the evening, they will remain at Holyrood for the
night, and proceed southwards next morning.
Scotsman.

The Duchess of Inverness has left town for Brighton,
where her grace is occupying apartments at the Bedford
Hotel.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Abercorn have ar•
rived at Brighton, for the winter.
The Bari and Countess of Shelburne and Mr. Charles
Greville have returned to town, from ♦isiting Viscount
and Visc3unte3s Sydney, at Frognall, Kent.

A letter from Rome in the Debate states that General
de Montreal is to be replaced in his command of the
French troops in that capital by General de Courtigis.
SCHOOL OF PHYSIC IN IRELAND.-Mr. Montgomery
has resigned the chair of midwifery, which he so long
and so ably filled in the School of Physic in Ireland.

MUNIFICENT DONATION.—The Duke of Sutherland
has intimated his intention to contribute 5001. to the
fund of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
for endowing churches in localities destitute of the
means of religions instruction.
THE TRADE TO PHILADELPHIA.—LIVERPOOL, Oct. 8,
1856.—The Liverpool and Philadelphia Steam-ship
Company's screw steamer City of Baltimore, Captain R.
Leitch, sailed'from the Mersey this afternoon for Phila-
delphia, with a full cargo and 380 passengers. She also
takes out a mail.

A letter from Naples says :—" Slips of earth into the
principal crater of Vesuvius have been taking place for
same time past. It Is feared that the entire summit of
Cie mountain will disappear in the open chasm. Violent
and continual reports have of late proceeded from the
volcano."

DEATH OF PAYMASTER WILLIAM BELL- —Paymaster
William Bull (1313) died at Queen's.place, Southsea, on
the sth inst. lie was purser of the Cordelia at Algiers ;
and of the Naiad at the destruction of an Algerine
corvette, under the batteries of Bona, in 1824 ; and has
recently been employed as paymaster of the Royal yacht
Victoria and Albert.

Major Nasmyth left Kilkenny on Monday, to proceed
to the Curragh, for the purpose of entering on his duties
of Brigade-Major, under General Gough.
CRYSTAL PALACE.—One Shilling Day, Oct. B.—Ad-
missions on payment, 1,500; do. by season tickets, 196`
total visitors, 1,696.

LATEST NEWS

VIENNA, WEDNESDAY EVENING.

The Ministerial Austrian Gazette states that
the King of Naples has sent autographic letters to
the Emperor Napoleon and Queen Victoria.
The King announces that he is willing to send
a representative to the Paris Conference, and to

communicate his intentions respecting organic
reforms and an amnesty.

AJACCIO (CORSICA), OCT. 7.

We have at this moment in our harbour the
British men-of-war the Conqueror and the Wel-

lington.
Admiral Dandas is on board the latter.
The approaching arrival is announced of three
other English ships, of which two will be steam-
corvette and one a steam despatch-boat.

The King of Naples has been recruiting to that
extent in Switzerland that his four Swiss batta-
lions have been augmented from 6, 000 to 10, 000

his Majesty has received by telegraph, from Paris
or London, assurance that no naval demonstration
would take place. This intelligence is dated
October 4. Some English residents at Naples had
again inquired of her Majesty's charge d'affaires
what protection they would receive in case of a
azzaroni movement, but it appears it was not
known when any British vessels would arrive.
Much excitement prevailed, and the fleet, as
might be supposed, was understood to be on its
way to Naples by the inhabitants. It is obsei ved,
in this communication, Surely the British Go-
vernment ought to send us a couple of steamers
for protection in times like these.' "

to the detention of the steamer, some 30 new re-
cruits for General Walker's Government secured a
passage, making thus the total number of filibus-
ters leaving nearly 300.
The citizens of Concord, New Hampshire (the
residence of the President), have refused to give
him a public reception.
The following letter has been addressed to Mr.
George Peabody on the subject of a proposed public
dinner to him :

"New York, Sept. 16, 1856.—G. Peabody, Esq.—
Dear Sir,—We rejoice to notice your safe return to your
native country after an absence of 20 years. Permit
us, dear Sir, to offer you a cordial welcome, and to
avail ourselves of this happy occasion to express the
high estimate we entertain of your personal worth,
as also our gratitude for the successful efforts you
have made during your long residence in London to
give an elevated position to the commercial character
and honour of your countrymen. Your constant
effurts also in social life to bring citizens of the United
States and Great Britain into more direct and int imate
acquaintance we rejoice to believe have tended to
remove many pzejudices, to soften political asperi-
ties, and to promote feelings of good will and fra-
ternity between the two countries. Considerations like
these inspire us with an earnest wish to do honour
to one who has so much honoured his country ;
and, in saying this, we feel assured that we but ex-
press the feelings not only of those of our country-
men who have enjoyed the pleasure of your acquaint
ante and participated in your hospitalities, but also of
all those who have knowledge of your constant kind at-
tention to your countrymen when in Europe. Desirous
of testifying further our high appreciation of your high
character, we, the undersigned, for ourselves and in be-
half of a wide circle of fellow citizens, beg to ask the
favour of your company at dinner on as early a day as
may suit your convenience to indicate. With senti-
ments of cordial esteem and regard,

" We are, dear Sir,
" Your friends and obedient servants."
[Here follow the signatures of the principal merchants,:

THE AFFAIR OF NEUFCHATEL.

The following despatch appears in the Gazetts
d'Augaburg :
" BERNE, Oct. 2.—M. de Salignac.Fenelon, French
Ambassador to the Swiss Confederation, paid an official
visit yesterday to M. Stampfli, president of the Con.
federation, for the purpose of asking from him, in the
name of the French government, an amnesty on behalf
of the Royalists of Neufchatel."
. .

The Bund, which is the organ of the federal govern
milt, in answering the remarks of the New Prussian
Gazette, says :—"lt is desirable, for the sake of the King
of Prussia himself, to have it well understood at Berlin
that a method of settling the difference, even after the
events of the 4th of September, yet exists, and a method
which Switzerland is quite ready to adopt as soon as the
two parties concerned shall find in it a legitimate satis-
faction to their honour and their interests. We need
not more particularly indicate this method, which must
at once be apparent." Le Nord thinks the proposal in-
tended is a general amnesty for the persons who are
under prosecution for the affair of the 4th September,
and that this is to be the price offered the King of Prus-
sia for renouncing his claims to the principality.

THE EUROPEAN AND AUSTRALIAN ROYAL
MAIL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY.

SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 8.
The fine screw steam-ship Oneida, Captain Hyde,
arrived at Southampton this morning, and was this after-
noon placed in the dry dock, where she will undergo a
thorough overhaul prior to her departure for Australia
with the first mail under the new contract.
There were a great number of persons present to wit-
ness her entrance into tho dock, and her fine peopor-
tions and ber trim appearance excited general admira-
tion.

The Oneida came here from Greenock, and from
Caaabray Head to the Needles averaged a speed of 11
knots per hour. The length of this splendid ship is 335
feet over all, having a beam of 40 feet ; her gross ton-
nage is 2,850 tons ; her engines are of 530-horse power
(naminal).
It will be recollected that she has been engaged is the
transport service, and having rendered essential service
to the Government, the Crimean medal was awarded to
her officers, being the only transport thus distin-
guished.
She will be commanded by Captain Hyde, a well-
known and favourite officer of the General Screw Com-
pany, who made the four quickest passages to Australia
in the Screw Company's steam-ship Argo, each passage,
to and from, averaging about 63 days.
The saloon of the Oneida is fitted up in the most costly
and magnificent style ; the dimensions are 80 feet by 40
feet, and capable of dining 150 passengers. The whole
arrangements of the ship appear to be of the most per-
fect kind.

The new Governor of Victoria, Sir Henry Barkl3,
and lady, will take their departure in the Oneida. The
accommodation provided for them is of the most
eckerohe description.

She will leave on the 18th instant for Melbourne and
Sydney, with the mails, parcels, and first-class passen-
gers only.