The Sun.
London, England, 1869-07-26 00:00:00

SHARE LIST.

- ORDINARY *HARES AND STOCKS.

ibare Railways.

Paid. Closing Business
Prin. done.

et Bristol and Exeter ...... 100 77 70
et Caledoruan.....--..... 100 811 82 81
et C-tuibrian
23 Cornwall all 25 3
it Dublin & Belfast Juno lOO 77 79
at Dun„rerth, & Ab.dunc ioo 70 72
2. East London all 61 71
40 Do 15 - -
2) Do 10 - -
st Glasgow &S. Western lO3 103 105
at Great Eastern .. .02 381 39 3 1
st Do. E. Aug]. No. 2 lOO ... ...
St Brest Z.4orth et Scotland lOO 15 13
st Great Northern lOO 107 103
at Do. A. stock lOO 106 107 1041 35
st Do. B stock lOO .. ...
et GtS, and W. of Ireland lOO 95 1,7
et Gt. Western -Original lOO 61. 514
it Do. South Wales lco 04 56
et Do. W. Mid.-Oxford lOO 1:5 27
at Do. Newport lOO 05 10
at Lancashire 3z Yorkshirc lOO 126 ,27
et Lon., Brigh.,& S.Uoast lOO 45 451
Oi Do Scrip .... - -
at Lou., Chat., and Dover lOO 164 171 181 1
et Do. Metrop. Ex. A lOO 9 1
at Lou. & North Western lO5 lil 1191 11 219
;t Lou. & South Westcru lOO 81 91 90 1
st. Man., Shel., & Lincoln lOO 56 57
st Metrotoittan ... • lOO 101 1011 100/ I
st Do Extousi)n .. .. 100 iBl 9 5
5 Do. New rd ..
at Metropolitan District. all - -
10 Metrop. St. John's Ai oott 6 - -
at Midland
st Do, Sirmin. & Derkiy
at Nirtb. British
at Do. Ed., Yth., & Dun lOO - -
at Nor.Kastern-Berwice lOO 108 109 1081
25 Do. G. N.E purchase-16.13,1 - -
at Do Leeds . ....... 100 61 65
at Do York lOO 98 99
at Do Carlisle .... • lOO - -
st Do Stocs. & Darling lOO 136 135
st North London
10 Do New 1868
at North Staffordshire lOO 57 59
at North and S.-W. Junction 100 98 100
10 Do New £lO shares 7 ... • •
at Rhyniney . ICO 53 55
st Shropshire Union ICO 581 591
at South Devon'..
st South Eastern lOO 771 71/ 764
at Staines, Wok'hain,& Wok all 12 13
st 'Taff % ale lOO 152 155
-- Do. C ... 6 - -
- Waterford & Mike:may lOO -- -
l 0 Waterloo & Whiteha.l 6 - -

EtAILV7,I YS-PREFER ENCE SHAKES AND STOCKS.

st Bristol and Exeter 4 p.cent. 100 80 88.fif68
st Caledonian Qrs., No. 2 lOO ...
st Do. Scot. N.E., 4 per cent lOO ...
st Do. Aberdeen, gua 6 p.c lOO
st Do. do. 7 per cent lOO ...
st Do. do. Ordinary lOO 78 82
st Do. Midland
st Du. Dundee and Arbroath 100 ...
20 Cornwall, 5 per cent all
st Dundee, Perth, and .:.'kber •
-
deen Junction lOO 105 IV7
st Do. Ist Class preference lOO ~.
st Was. & S.W. gua. 5 per et lOO
st Gt. Eastern, L.O Ex. No.l 100 99 101
st Du do N 0.2 100 97 100
st Do do 6 per cent 100 107 110
st Do East Anglian A 5 p. c. 100
st Do do B 6 do. 100
st Do do 0 7 do. 100
st Do do No. 1, 5 p.c. 100
st Du E. Union 4 p.c. gua. 100 68 .12
st Do Nut folk 5 p.e.Ex.1846 100
st Du du 5 p.e.Way.Val.lB47 1011
st Great Nut theru, 5 per cent 10
st Do 5 p.c., rd at 10 p. c. pin. 100
Do 4, do do do 100
st DU 5 do at sp. c. pus. 100 _
st Do Leeds, Bradford, and
Halifax, 6 per cent lOO
st Gt. Nrth of Scotland, Ist pf 100
st Great South. and Western
(Ireland) 4 per cent lOO 96 97
st t.West.—Orig.&Jnt.-ltent
chg., per g,tia.s p.c lOO 104 106 106
st Do. Ori,'. (B.& H. Ex). 5 p.c 100 95 100
st Do do 4, per cent. 1650 100 67 t,9
st Do do 4 do do lOO 71) 80
st Lu do 5 per cent. redein 100 95 97
st Do do Birmingham gua 100 Os 72
st Do do do pref... 100
st Do do Chester gua lOO b. 5 6
st Do do do 8 per cent. 100
st Do do do 5 do 100 Vi 100
St Do South Wales, gua. 4 p.c. 100
st Do do 44 p.c lOO
st Do do 41 1859 lOO
st Do do 5
st Do West Mid. Oxford Ist g lOO Ito 112
st Do do 20 gua lOO 107 111
st Do Newport,Jst g. 5 p.c lOO 90 92
st Do do 25 du 100 97 IVO
st Du gua. 51 per cent. 1563 100
• •••
00 Lancaster &'Carlisle 41 p.c. all ••
st Laueash. & Yorksh. 6 p.c. 100 1 3 135
St Do Barnsley, £5 as 100 p.c. 100
st Do 6 p.c. (East Lancashire) 100 130 1.3.5
st Do 41 (Blackburn pureh). 100 Del WO
sq London & Brighton, 5 P.C
guaranteLl, No 1 lOO
sti Do 5 per cent. gua. No. 2 lOO
st Do 6 do do lOO
at Do 5 do NJ. 4 lOO.
st Do 7 per cent lOO
st Do 6 do (W.E. & C.P.) 100
st Do 4 do 1659 IOU
st London, Chatham, & Dover ••• •••
5 per cent lOO
st London and LI.W., C. and ••• •..
Nuneaton 5 per cent lOO 110 112
st Do Bedford &Cambridge lOO
st Do Shrewsb'y & Welchp'l lO3
st London and S W. 7 p,c
late 3d shares, lOO 140 150
s Do (Portsm. peril Sus 2s6d) all
s Mau., Shot., &Eine'''. 6 p.c. 100 .
•
Do
8 Do 31 per cent DU 60 65
1 Do redeem. 6 per cent 5
st Mid. Consolidated., 6p. C.. 100 lit/ .1.5
s Do Bristol& Birm., Gp. c lOO I;2 131
s Do 41 per cent. redeem lOO 96 100
s Du 41 per cent. irredoem.. 100 98 100
s Do Leicester &LI:0111,4 p.c. 100 80 I'l
st North British, 5 p.c. N 0.1.. 100
st Do E. &U.4p.e. S. & D.. 100
st Do N. 8., N 0.2, 5 per cen.t . 100
st Do Border Union,
.-E 51 p.c..
st Nastern—Cons. 4gp.c... 100 87 89
st Do 41 per cent. redeem__ 100 97 99
st Do U N.E. 4 per cent., lOO
17 Du Berwick capital
Do York, 11. &S. purchase lO 10 104
Do Stektn & Drliug. A 5 p.c lOO 106 105
st Do W, liartlepoul 11. and B 100 84 86
20 North Staffordshire all 201 214
lOs 8. Devon Annuities, 1,1 all 9 10
lOs Do Tavistock Anns., 10s all 8
lOs Do Fixed 41 per cent all 8 84
10.6. S. East. (Read. Anns., 1.0.6) all 22 23
st Do 41 percent lOO _
st Do Fixed 41 per cent lOO
st Taff Vale No.l lOO 14, 153
st Waterford &Kilkenny, 6pc 100 43 45

RAILWAYS.-PREFERENCE SHARES AND STOCKS.

Closing Business
Share NAME. Paid. Price. _done
10 Agra Limited, A, all 101 11/ 11/
1.0 Do B lO 31 4;
50 Albion
00 Alliance, Limited
20 Anglo Austrian
20 Anglo-Egyptian, lim all 201 211 211
20 Anglo-Hungarian
20 Angle-Italian 1866, limited 10 5 4
40 Australasian .........
20 Bank of British Columbia all 101 1!4 it
20 Do issued at 2pm 5 5 4
25 Bank of Egypt
20 Bank of Otago, 'Mt.
25 Bank of South Australia all 30 32 30
50 Bank of Victoria, Australia 25 37 39
to Bank of I\ ew Zealand all 10 17
50 British North American
20 Chartered of India, Austra-
lia, nd China
25 Chartered Mere. of India,
London, and China,
20 City
100 Colonial
10 Consolidated, ..
4
50 Delhi and Loudon, lint 2.5 ...
50 East Loudon,line„ 5 21 11
20 English and American, lint 10 ...
20 English Bank of itio de Ja-
neiro. lhn .............
20 English,Scottish, and Aus-
tralian Chartered ......
281 Hun,, Kong and Shanghai
Bank Corporation all 36 38
281 Do new........ 51 2)- 2/
100 Imperial, lim . ............ .90 15 16
20 Imperial Ottoman ............ 10 24 21 131
islonian ......................... all 19 22
25 Do new .................. 5 6 3
Lnd Mortga,e of India, lim 4 31 34
100 Dos p. c. De 1%.1861, 30 all 76 78 10
100 London Bank, of Mexico
and South America, lim. 20 7 6
100 London and Brazilian, lint. 45 30 27
20 Do new 71 54/
100 London & River Plate, 40 6 8
25 Do new 10 11 2 p 12
20 London Chart. of Australia all 231 241 221
20 London and County 2O 491 001 511
50 Do new, iss at 20 p.rn,l6pd ll ..
London Joint .
1 311 321
London and South African al 8: 9
100 London & S.-Westeru lint, 20 13 11
50 London & Venezuela, 121 ...
100 London and Westminster. 20 61 62 59j 84
100 Do Scrip, iss at 10 pm 2O ..
100 Merchant,
10 Metropolitan, lira
00 Midland, lim..
5 National of Australia
25 National of Liverpool, Bin l5 31 1p
00 National Pro vine. of Enz.:l 42
10 Do .....
50 National.
20 New South Wales all 41 43
20 North-Western
25 Oriental Bank Corporation all 41 42
50 Provinc. Bank. Corpo., lim. 10 61 .51
30 Provincial of Ireland 25 90 .92
10 Do new. all
100 Stand. of Brit. S. Africa, lim 25 14 is
100 Do issued at 6pm lO 8 6
25 Union of Australia all 45 46 45) 1
100 Union of Ireland, lint
50 Union of London

all C 17

... ... 41

With Dividends contingent on the Profits of each separate year.

IA Caledonian 44 p c gua.
st Do Scot. Cen. rain. 7 p c lOO
at Do 41 p irredeem all
st Do 4p c con. issued at 80 65
st Great Eastern 41 per cent. 100 77 80
st Do 5 do, 1862 lOO 86 t 8
at Do New 5 do, 1863 lOO 85 e 7 854
st Do do 5 do, 1864 lOO 84 86
at Great Northern, 5p c irred lOO
st Do Permanent 5 per cent lOO ...
st Do Boston & Sleafd, 4/ pc 100
st Great West., W. llidl., 5p c 100 ...
at Do Joint porpe. 5 p c,1865 100 88 92
at Do do 6p c irred., 1866 100 105 103
20 Do ValeNeathperp. 5p c all 19 '2O
st Kent Coast, 6 per cent, B lOO ...
5 Lane. and York New 41 per
cent till July, 1871 2 1p
st Loud., Brig &c., 41 pc, 1858 100 ...
st Do do 4 do, 1860 100
at Do do 41 do, 1861 100
st Do do 41 do, 1863 100 ~„
st Do do 5 do, 1865 100
st Do No. 6 5 do, 1866 100 ..„
st Do No. 7 5 do
st Loud , Chat., &c., 2d, 6 p.c .., 100
st Do Metrop. Ex., B 6 p.c
Do do C 6 p.c
et London& N. Western, 5p c 100 110 112
st London &S. Western, 41 p. 3 100 93 95
10 Man. Shef. &Lin., 5 pc, 1865 all 8/ 84
at Metropolitan 5 percent lOO 100 104
st Midland, A 5 per cent pref lOO 107 109
st Do B 5 do 100 107 109
18 Do 5p c opt. to cony. to
Ord. Stk., Sept. 1, 1869 all 204 214
2..
18 Do Inconv. New Shares all 19 191
22 Do 5p c con. into Old
Stk., Aug. 31, 1872
at North 8..
,6
iorp,
itgG:
isi
Susa.
,happi
IDNr,
eearouorEn.
n.
enna2s2, sdtutdpp:
11
1861 :000080000i
sat/
DDDE.DOOOOONENEE/
BB
st 1862 1101 ***
st Do E. & G., (Ordiry) 41 p c 100 ••:
at North Eastern, 41 per cent 100 95 9.7
st Do Stock. & Darl., D 100 111 113
at North London, 41, per cent
(Max. 5 per cent)
at North Staffordshire bp c lOO
at South Eastern, 41 pc, 1859 100 ***
***
st Do 5 do 1861 100 m ***
•••
at Do sdo (Ch. Cross) 1863 100
at Do 5 do, 1864
st Victoria St. & Pimlico, 41 pc 100

RAILWAYS.-LLNES LEASED AT FIXED BENTALSJ

St Balce/M
110 Do. 41 per cent. Prefer.., all ICO 102
at Buckinghamshire
at Chester and Holyhead lOO 51 56
st Do. 51 per cent.
at Do. 6 do.
at Clydesdale, guaranteed lOO
at Colchester Stour Valley
at East Lincoln, gua. 6p. c lOO 132 13i
N Gloster and Dean Forest all „
Gt. Easat.,
_Newm., &c., 5 p.c 100
a Do. E. U. Harwich, 4 p.c 100
at Do. do. Woodbrg. Ex., do 100 „
at Gt. West ,W. Mid., Here: 100 96 /4
50 Hull and Selby all 110 112
at Lancaster and Carlisle lOO 212 2.6
at London and Blackwell , 100 9,3 93
at Do. 41 per cent lOO
at London, Chat., &e., 41 pc. 100 ,„
at Do. Com. Fund, 5 do 100 ,„
at Loudon and Greenwich
st Do. do Preference lOO ••• ..•
85
at London, Tilbury, & South 100 80
at Lowestoft, gua 4 percent lOO 79 81
at Do. do. 6 do.
51 Manch., Buxton, &Matlk all
••• •••
st Midland, Bradford, Pref , 100 04 ot
10 Mid Kent Cray Line)
50 Northeruk East., 5 percent all 53 56
50 Do. do. 6 do. all
st N. Eastara —.Hartlep00l
st N.West. A perp. pref, 5p c lOO 107 109
st Do B llLllinsuulll p.c lOO
at Notting. & Granth..ll.& C lOO 91 93
23 Preston and Wyro. all 41 46
... Royston, Hitch., and Shep. 100 112 104
at Shrewsbury and Hereford lot, 1:32 1;41
10 Do do 8 2 24p
at S. Yorksh. and River Dun 100 97 90 at De 4 per cent gua lO 78 80
at Do 5 do
at Vict. Station and Pimlico lOO 175
8t
West
London,
t Cornwall
rnll
20 WestT Class A.,.,• lOO
14 1
57'
51
20 Du do B
all
20 Do do C,., all „,
at Weymouth and Portland lOO
st Wilts and Somerset

DOCKS.
st East and West India lOO 11) 121
st Loudon and St. Katherine 100 46 47
100 D oDeb. stock, 4 per cent , all
Millwall Freehold Land
at Dock lOO 30 14
-st Southampton lOO Oi 70
et Surrey Commercial

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 26, 1.869.

---- -

SPIRIT OF. THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

The Times remarks that another colliery explosion
occurred last week, with a loss of fifty-eight lives. The
public ought to be inexpressibly shocked by the frequent
recurrence of these fatal catastrophes. To omit minor
accidents, in April last we reported the deaths of thirty-
three men by an explosion. In May, out of ten men at work
in a coal mine in South Wales seven were killed, and it
was mere chance that the number at work was not 300 or
400, with' the deaths in proportion. June brought an
explosion in the Ferndale Colliery' at a cost of fifty-three
lives, and in July we bare this fatal explosion at Hay-
dock. There are two distinct elements of danger which
ought to be kept in view and to be separately
considered in any discussion of these disasters. There
is the danger which arises from carelessness, and
there is that which must be ascribed to the imperfect
development of the science of mining. It is, no doubt, a
temptation to those who may be rendered responsible fur
these disasters to assume that the blame lies at the door
of some of the unfortunate men from whom no further
penalty can be exacted. Nevertheless, it is the business
of science to reduce the dangers of such necessary occupa-
tions as mining, and it seems to us that the ignorance,
revealed at every inquest, of the conditions or means of
security amounts almost to a scandal, if not upon
science, upon scientific men. rt would seem as if the
recklessness of the miners themselves infected all
who are responsible for them or might be in-
terested in them. They appear to care little for their
own lives, and employers and men of science seem
to take them at their own valuation. Let but a tenth
part of that energy and research be employed on the art
of mining which has been devoted to the arts of railway
travelling and of navigation, and we may he confident
mines could be managed with, at least, as much safety as
powder magazines.

The Post remarks that it might have been thought that
whoever else would be made to suffer from the tendency
of the age to qualify the genuine with the spurious, the
farmer, by reason of the important trust he holds for the
nation at large, would be spared. His prosperity is ours ;
and there is no one who does not share it. According as
his hopes are buoyant or the reverse, we look to have our
bread cheap or dear, our beef and mutton plentiful el
scarce. Is it possible, then, that the commercial
immorality which sells sand under the name of sugar
would go the length of adulterating the seed upon which the
food of the country depends It is ; and it is in evidence
before the committee, that in some cases the adulteration
is carried to the extent of fifty per cent. It is assertei
that if the bill to prevent the adulteration of seed were to
pass it would ruin the seed trade altogether. Why so?
There was certainly a time, not very remote, when mer-
chants sold seed which was not spurious. The race of
competition set in, and then they began to lower their
prices, still pretending to give their customers as good
seed as ever. Now the stimulus of competition has so far
reduced prices that a respectable seed merchant never
guarantees his goods, but sells only "by sample." That
an Euglish farmer will buy avowedly adulterated
seed merely because it is cheap, when Irish and
Scotch farmers refuse to have anything to say to
it, we doubt. But this, at least, is clear to us, that under
no possible circumstances can any system of undeclared
adulteration be defensib:e.

The Standard refers to the causes now in various stages
of progress before the Ecclesiastical Courts, and protests
against the line of conduct pursued towards Mr. Wix, one of
the defendants, by his diocesan, the Bishop of Winchester.
His lordship calls upon Mr. Wix to abandon, on his requisi-
tion, the practices for which he now stands impugned in the
law courts. Nothing could be more natural than that the
incumbent should decline to allow the bishop to anticipate
the decision of the judges. Immediately upon receiving
this intimation his lordship resorts to coercion. The
expedient is a very simple one. He cuts off Mr. Wix's
supply of curates. He inhibits the two gentlemen who
have hitherto acted in that capacity, and refuses to license
any others, so that the incumbent, himself in failing
health, finds himself confronted with the alternatives
either of giving up his services or of taking upon his own
shoulders the amount of work hitherto shared between three
clergymen. He might shut up his church from Sunday
to Sunday, and plead the example of hundreds -of the
clergy of the diocese of Winchester. It would seem that
invalid as be is, this impracticable gentleman prefers t 4
struggle on under a pressure of work which would break
clown a strong man. Let us not be misunderstood. We
believe that Mr. Wix is acting illegally in retaining the
practices complained of, and shall be well content if the
proceedings now in progress in the Court of Arches should
teach him his duty pretty sharply. But, on the other
hand, we strongly reprehend the measures taken by the
Bishop to enforce his extra-legal monition, in anticipation
.vf the judgment of the courts, as an abuse •of power
amounting to downright tyranny. It was never intended
that the right of inhibiting curates should be employed
for purposes of this kind, and if the precedent is recog.
nif•ed, we may expect to find an established rule for Highs
Church bishops to inhibit the curates of Low Church
incumbents, and vice versa.
The Daily News thinks that among the minor electoral
reforms which must follow in the wake of household
suffrage is the entire remodelling of our system of electoral
registration. Our present methods both of preparing and
-of correcting the electoral lists are adapted to a theory
which regarded the suffrage as a privilege for which the
man who would keep it must be content to fight. They
were meant to be, in some degree, self-working ; they
tave proved to be in a great degree self-obstructing ; and
are felt to be so entirely inapplicable to the present
extended suffrage that a parliamentary committee has
been inquiring into them with a view to their reform.
The report of this committee executes due justice
on the present system. It truly says that " the
scenes at the revising courts are a scandal to our
representative system." The battle of the Constitution
is fought in the registration courts, and the motto of
the combatants too often is that "All's fait in loVe and
war." Unhappily, the weapons with which the law arms
them are far more powerful for aggression than for de-
fence. It is an easy thing to launch an objection, but it
takes time and trouble to defend the best of votes against
it. One of the most familiar of electioneering tactics is
to send out objections by wholesale, and it is pretty cer-
tain that some of them will succeed. In the new system
which household suffrage has necessitated it must be the
duty of a public officer to make the electoral lists as com-
plete as possible, with the least danger of accidental os
designed disfranchisements, and the minimum of trouble
to the individual elector, while the lists themselves must
neither be complicated by needless details, nor mystified
by cumbrous arrangement ; but must be so clear and
plain that even uneducated electors may easily find their
own names and the names of their neighbours, and easily
detect omission or mistake.

" I can see no particular reason why the Government
should undertake this prosecution." Such, says the
Telegraph, were the words with which the Home Secre.
tary dismissed Mr. Locke's appeal for an investigation
into the conduct of the police who brought the charge of
assault against the three clerks in the National Bank.
Now, since the public does see very particular reason why
the matter should not be passed over without inquiry, we
should be wanting in our duty if we did not again press
the subject on the attention of the Home Office. We are
the more bound to enter our protest against Mr. Bruce's
decision, because it is clear from the language used by the
member for Benfrewshire that he is strangely misinformed
respecting the facts of this remarkable case. It is the
public, and not the clerks,_ who are now chiefly concerned
in the prosecution of the inquiry ; and it is for his
failing to appreciate this truth that there is much
cause of complaint against Mr. Bruce. The real issue
is, not whether the police assaulted the clerks, or
the clerks attacked the police, but whether some members
of the forco to which we entrust the protection of ous
lives, property, and character, have been guilty of wilful
perjury, abuse of trust, and assault on unoffending
citizens. It is quite possible, or even probable, that,
when the police first arrested the bank clerks, they may
have been guilty of no worse offence than carelessness or
want of consideration. What we complain of is, that,
saving made a mistake, they attempted to escape the
consequences by deliberate false swearing in a court of
justice. If Mr. Knox's decision was right, no other con-
elusion is possible ; and neither the public, the police, nos
the Home Office ought to rest content until that conclu-
sion shall be either disproved or made the ground of
further action. The Home Secretary has been led into
a mistake, by not having sufficiently studied the facts of
the case. When he has given them sufficient considera-
tion, he will, we have no doubt, see very particular
reasons why he should rescind his hasty judgment.

The Herald, in comparing the provision made for special
professional education on the Continent with that among
ourselves, observes that it was the Paris Central School
which Dr. Lyon Playfair, in 1851, proposed as the beat
model of imitation when Prince Albert thought of found-
ing a great industrial seminary. The practical advantages
which this school confers upon French manufacturing
bkill are inestimable. They elevate the standard of work-
manship, promote increased excellence of design, and esta-
blish a uniform perfection of finish. It is from the pupils
.of this school that the great companies search for their
-employ 45, and the possession of one of its diplomas is the
sure guarantee of a place. Perhaps one of the most
convincing proofs of the soundness of the educa-
tion which it administers is the fact that of a
total of pupils of the Central School up to January 1,
1864, amouaing 1,114 were foreigners, of
which latter number 441 obtained the certificate or
diploma of the foreign nations who have taken advantage
of the institution. Switzerland has contributed the largest
contingent, 16'2, while England has sent SS. If, according
to the account before us, the influence of the Central
School upon France has been of unmixed good, the Impe-
rial Conservatory of Arts and Trades, a more venerable
institution, the date of whose birth is the year 1794, in
the first place gave the impulse in this happy direction,
Practically, the Conservatory is established for the pur-
pose of giving courses of lectures to workmen, of affording
them opportunities for observing the latest improvements
in instruments and In tools, for carefo;ly examining vari-
ous scientific models, and for procuring such books as from
time to time they require. These are the two great typical
institutions of France. Others, such as the various schools
of arts and trades established in different places through•
out the empire, there are in abundance, whose operation is
equally satisfactory.