The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-19 00:00:00

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same consideration to which they are entitled, and which
was extended to them, under the law of nations, before
the attempted modification of it by that Congress.
As connected with the subject herein discussed, it

is not inappropriate to remark, that a due regard to
the fair claims of neutrals would seem to require some
modification, if not an abandonment, of the doctrine in
relation to contraband trade. Nations which preserve
the relations of peace should not be injuriously
affected in their commercial intercourse by those which
choose to involve themselves in war, provided the
citizens of such powerful nations do not compromise
their character as neutrals by a direct interferencB with
the military operations of the belligerents. The laws
of siege and blockade, it is believed, afford all the re-
medies against neutrals that the parties to the war can
justly claim. Those laws interdict all trade with the be-
sieged or blockaded places. A further interference
with the ordinary pursuits of neutrals, in no-wino to
blame for an existing state of hostilities, is contrary to
the obvious dictates of justice. If this view of the sub-
ject could be adopted, and practically observed by all
civilised nations, the right of search, which has been the
source of so much annoyance and of so many injuries to
neutral commerce, would bo restricted to such cases
only as justified a suspicion of an attempt to trade with
places actually in a state of siege or blcckade.
Humanity and justice demand that the calamities in-
cident to war should be strictly limited to the bellige-
rents themselves, and to those who voluntarily take
part with them ; but neutrals abstaining in good faith
from such complicity ought to be left to pursue their
trade with either belligerent, without restrictions in re!'
epect to the articles entering into it.

Though the United States do not propose to embar-
rass the other pending negotiations relative to the rights
of neutrals, by pressing this change in the law of con-
traband, they will be ready to give it their sanction
whenever there is a prospect of its favourable recepticu
by other maritime powers.
The undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to
renew to the Count de Sartiges the assurance of his
high consideration.

W. L. MARCY.

THE CASE OF ARCHDEACON DENISON.

3 We purposely avoided offering any remarks upon
• the case of Archdeacon Denison as long as it could
be considered sub judice. But now that the Arch-
bishop has formally pronounced certain of the arti-
cles exhibited against the Archdeacon to have been
proven, and has intimated his intention of pro.
. ceeding to pass sentence on the 21st of October,
unless, in the meantime, the Archdeacon should
revoke what is said to be his error, we are no
longer bound to silence, but we are at liberty to
offer an opinion upon the merits of the whole
case. A brief history of the circumstances will be
the best introduction. In the last year of the life
of the late Bishop Bagot, Archdeacon Denison, at
examining chaplain to the bishop, thought fit to
reject a certain candidate for priest's orders, on the
ground of his holding certain views upon the Sacra-
ment of the Lord's Supper which the Archdeacon
could not, in his capacity as examining chaplain,
approve. Bishop Spencer, of Madras, was at that
time acting for the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and
was appointed.to hold for him the next ordination.
The young man rejected by the Archdeacon was
admitted by the Bishop. An angry correspondence
ensued ; and the Archdeacon, feeling that both his
position as an examining chaplain and his doctrine
as a divine were damaged by the officiatinc, bishop's
proceeding, thought fit to resign his chaplaincy;
and to preach in the cathedral at Wells a vindica-
tion of his doctrines. Owing to a recent publica-
tion by the then Archdeacon Wilberforce ou the
same subject, there was much excitement in the
Church on the doctrine of the Eucharist ; and this
circumstance gave an importance to Archdeacon
Denison's sermons beyond what they were entitled
to on their own account. The main point on which
the Archdeacon insisted relates to the consequences
which follow the consecration of the elements by
the priest. Every ono who has paid the least at-
tention to the subject, and is not blinded by party
spirit, readily acknowledges that the statements
made by Archdeacon Denison in no way support
the Romish doctrine, and have no tendency in that
direction. But they are, nevertheless, undoubt-
edly startling to those who have not studied the
dogmatic theo!ogy of the Church. The excitement
caused by these three sermons soon took shape,
and, at the instance of the Rev. J. Ditcher, the
vicar of the adjoining parish of South Brent, a
formal complaint of their unsoundness was msde
to the Bishop of the Diocese. Tho sermons were
read by the Bishop, and an opinion expressed by
him unfavourable to thorn in some particulars. The
:archdeacon submitted to the opinion of the Bishop,
and there the matter might and ought to have
been suffered to drop. But the Ditcher party had
other views. Not long after this Bishop II:got
died, and Lord Auckland succeeded to the see.

Attempts were made to obtain a fresh opening out
of the case by the new Bishop. But, although not
agreeing with some of the propositions of the Arch-
deacon his lordship was indisposed to disinter the
old strife, on the ground that already it was res
judicata. Foiled thus, the prosecution appealed
to the Primate, who, had he been well advised,'
would have acted precisely as Lord Auckland did.
But his Grace issued a commission, under statute,
of five clergymen to ascertain if sufficient pre-
liminary grounds for further proceedings could
be made out. This commission was most un-,
fairly constituted, being composed exclusively
of clergymen whose views were notoriously op-
posed to those of the Archdeacon, whose conduct
they were to try. There was not one of them who
was not known either more or less as a party
man of the extreme Evangelical School. What
justice a High Churchman was likely to get at
such hands the reader may.. imagine. The Com-
missioners refused to hear evidence on the question
of doctrine, and, taking their stand on the simple
facts proved, of preaching and publication, pre-
judged the sermons and the case altogether, and
decreed that there was a prima facie case for fur-
ther proceedings. At this stage the Archbishop
seems to have benefited by second thoughts, and
to have wisely come to the determination to pro-
ceed no further in so intricate and unsatisfactory a
matter. But application was made to the Court
of Queen's Bench for a mandamus to compel the
Archbishop to' proceed. After ,the discussion of
several technical questions, it was peremptorily
ruled that the Archbishop must proceed with the
prosecution, and hence followed the trial, which we
have already reported throughout the different
stages, and the conclusion pronounced by Dr.
Lushington on Tuesday last.
We cannot pretend to discuss in these columns'
the theological question. It may be stated, in ge4
neral terms, that the Archdeacon maintains that;
after the consecration of the elements by the
priest, a real presence becomes so joined to them
that they cannot be other than the Body and Blood
of Christ, whether eaten by good men or bad. The
Archbishop rules that this is contrary to the
Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Articles, the
legal interpretation of what is affirmed to be, that
what the Archdeacon says is received by all is re-
ceived by the good only. This ruling brings the
Archdeacon under the statute of 13 Elizabeth, 0:
12, which is to this effect—that "if any person
ecclesiastical, or who shall have any ecclesiastical
living, shall advisedly maintain or affirm any
doctrine directly. contrary or repugnant to
any of the said Articles, and being convicted
before the bishop of the diocese, or the ordi-
nary, still persists therein, or not revoke his
error, or after such revocation, eftsoons affirms
such untrue doctrine, such maintaining or affirming
and persisting, and such eftsoons affirming,- shall
be just cause to deprive such person of his ecclesi-
astical promotions, and it shall be lawful for the
bishop of the diocese to deprive such person so per-
sisting, or lawfully convicted of such eftsoons af-
firming, and upon such sentence of deprivatio.i
being pronounced, be shall be indeed deprived."
The result is that unless the Archdeacon shall un-
say what be has said in his sermons, he w ill, on
the 21st day of October next, cease to be Arch-
deacon of Taunton and Vicar of East Brent. _
We do not presume to say one word on the
course which the Archdeacon ought to take. It is
a matter for his own conscience. Differing as we
have often done from his views of public ques-

tions, and disapproving of some of his proceedings
in the agitation of Church questions, we have ever
sought to do justice to his fearless persistency of
purpose and genuine integrity of motive ; and we
shall continue to do so whatever may be the issue
of this trial. But a graver question than any-
thing personal to the Archdeacon arises out of this
decision. It has generally been supposed that the
latitude afforded by the Articles was purposely
allowed in order to include within the Church as

.TSPAPER
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differences of interFetation of 10ke*F41$4ii 4'14
I
the very ba&s of the Gorham c}, e: ..".‘:„
never pretended that Mr. GorhaVs vie liAlio§-*
accordance with the Articles. It weblimila co
tended that they were not contrary to them, and
the reason why he was allowed to be inducted into .
his living was that the latitude allowed by the
Articles did not exclude him. We need not
remind time reader how much Churchmen ....wawa
shocked by that judgment. It was not,
indeed, an ecclesiastical judgment, but it was
the judgment of a secular tribunal upon an ecclesi-
astical question, and exhibited the lax view which
the State was disposed to take of the doctrines and
authority of the Church. But one consoling thought
remained—if the Articles were of such latitudinarian
signification, at least High Clmurchinen might have
the benefit of the latitude as well as Low. But here
is a case in which the very Archbishop who, in the
Gorham case,lsubscribecl to the judgment that a cer-
tain latitudeof interpretation was permitted by the
Articles, proceeds upon an entirely opposite princi-
ple, and narrows down the interpretation of the
Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Articles within
limits which, however clear to his Grace's judg- .
meet, now clashes altogether with what he so-
lemnly assented to as an assessor in a great judicial
tribunal 6 years ago. Without going into the ques-
tion of the exact orthodoxy of the sermons iu dis-
pute, it is beyond doubt that the Archdeacon has
fortified his position by a long catena of authorities
of the highest repute in the Church. The very cir-
cumstance that Bishop Overall, Bishop Bull, Bishop
Taylor, Archbishop Tillotson, Archbishop Wake,
Bishop Cosin, Bishop Ridley, Archbishop Bramhall,
and Bishop Beveridge held and taught similar views
and were not censured, is evidence of the liberty
accorded within the Church, which, in our humble
judgment, ought to have shielded the Archdeaconi
especially when the very Primate who was his judge
did, in the year 1850, treat a similar case in these
words :—" We express no opinion on the theological
accuracy of these opinions, (i.e., certain ecclesiasti-
cal writers.) The writers whom we have cited are
not always consistent with themselves, nor are
the reasons on which they found their positions
alwayi valid ; and other writers of great emi-
nence, and worthy of great respect, have ex-
pressed very different opinions. But the mere fact
that such opinions have been propounded and main-
tained by persons so eminent and so muTh re-
spected, as well as by very many others, appears to
us sufficient to prove that the liberty which was
left by the Articles and Formular'es has been actu-
ally enjoyed and exercised by the members and
ministry of the Church of England,'' Such was the
basin of the Gorham judgment iik 1850 ; the case
of Archdeacon Denison in 1856 ought to have been
dealt with by the same process. A far greater
array of authorities may be marshalled in favour
of Archdeacon Denison's proposition than in favour
of Mr. Gorham's ; and if the latter were allowed
to be inducted into a living :because there were
conflicting interpretations in respect of the one
Sacrament, we do not see why Archdeacon Deni-
son is to'be'deprived because he has espoused A
particular mide in respect of the other.-111orroittg
Post.

AUSTRIAN PERFIDY AND MURDER.

There are some crimes so horrible and unnatural
that -the bare report of them cannot force itself upon
human belief without strong confirmation. Such a
one is the assassination in cold blood by Austrian
troops of the Roman Tribune, Angelo Brunetti, bet-
ter known as Ciceruacchie, together with his two
sons, one of 19, the 'other of 13.- years of age, and
four other persons. General Garibaldi, than whom a
more upright and honourable man has not adorned
the modern annals of Italy, is the author of this re-
port ; and, although we would fain disbelieve it, we
fear that upon such authority it must be received as
correct. It this should prove title, tide :most horri-
ble and iniquitous butchery will do more to assist the
cause of revolution—not the cause of ma lerate and
temperate reform—in the Italian Peninsula t than all
that 3lazzini has been able to accomplish it t a quar-
ter of a century of agitation. This man, Angela
Brunetti, had in his • time rendered great B,ervice to
the Papal cause when it was in very sPrious danger.
He had been courted and caressed by P:o Noho, and
if, at la•t, he abandoned the party, it was no .t until
it had Leon abandoned by its chief. If Briyi letti at
length OA the extreme popular side at RI )me,. it
must not be forgotten that the Pope himself fairly
ran away in disguise. He had great influence over
his fellow-townsmen, and this influence was
-used on
the side of peace and order. That in COMMOII: with
the population of Rome he endeavoured to • resist
the invading armies of France is most true—true
also, that he wished ill to the-causol Austrian despotii in
in Italy. He was not, however, an Austrian subje9t.
He owed no allegiance to Ferdinand or his successor.,
What treason he may have committed was committe a
against the Pope in his character of temporal Princ a,
and was not certainly to be avenged by Austrian b al-
lets or Austrian bayonets. All that we know as yet
of this moat atrocious transaction is contained in the
following brief letter, addressed by General Garibaldi
to a Genoese j.mrnal

"Mr. Editor, —Since my retreat from Rome until
this day I flattered myself that I might find eicerbac-
chio and his sons in some concealment in the Apen-
nines ; but to-day the sad certainty reaches me that the
virtuous townsman of Rome was shot at Contarina,
near the mouth of the Po, by. Austrian soldie To, com-
manded by an officer of the Imperial famil y. The
persons shot were seven—Ciceruacchio, two 'eons (one
ot 19, the other of 13 years), the young &lapin:in Roma-
rino Stefano. Parodi Lorenzo, Captain in Ole Italian
Legion of Monte Video, and two other it idaviduals
whose names I don't know.

" I claim your favour to ask, in the name° f society,
through the public press, an account of that e indivi-
duals from the authors of this misdeed, which certainly
is necessary in the interests of the families of the de-
ceased, remembering at the same time that not one of
tne Austrian prisoners of Luino or of the Romagna
was ever shot. Observe also that Cicernacchio, his
young son, and Romarine, although they accompanied
me in the retreat, never carried arms.

" With respect, yours,
"Genoa, Aug. 6. - "G. GAItIALDL"

The infamous rsons who directed tnis execution
seem to forget that so bloody a deed rouses against them
and the Government they represent the sympathies
of Europe, just as the massacres of September in the
Abbaye during the days of the first French Revolution
consigned the authors of them to the universal execration
of mankind. Who is to plead the cause of men who
violate every good feeling of human nature, and who
imbrue their bands in innocent blood ? Who can do
more than deploie the reprisals with which those who
authorised this bloody deed will one day surely be visited ?
The wonder is that the Government of any country prc•
tending to civilisation can condescend to do such
shambles work for another. Why cannot the Pope be
left to hang, decapitate, or destroy in prison rebels to
his authority ? The Imperial family of Austria are
literally poaching on their neighbour's manor for the
sheer pastime of shedding blood. It is strange indeed
that officers and men wearing the Austrian uniform can
be found willing to submit to such deep degradation.
It is intelligible that • they should shoot down the dis-
armed Hungarians, or knock the Viennese on the head
at the word of command ; but one would have sup-
posed that something like military etiquette, if not
~umanity, -would have inenired them with disgust
when called upon to be the mere executioners for
a foreign Prince. Nor was the present case one be-
tween combatants in which it was • possible that a
soldier's rough logic might go astray. This Roman
Tribune was not a soldier, rim- was the chaplain a " fight.
ing man," nor the little boy who was so foully murdered.
It is difficult to find any man in our own day in Eng-
land to whom Ciceruacchio could be rightly compared.
Henry Hunt, perhaps, or William Cobbett, as lecturer
and demagogue, not as writer, may perhaps serve as an
illustration, although, in point of morality, if not of
abilit', this unfortunate Roman was better than either of
our English demagogues. Ciceruacchio was a man of
far milder and more persuasive character than either
Aunt or Cobbett, and had attained immense influence
over his townsmen by far less questionable means than
they at times employed in the pursuit of their political
objects. Even had ho remained in Rome when the city
fell into the bands of the French, it would have been as
impolitic as it would have been unjust to have con-
demned him to death for that which, after all, was but
opposition to a foreign foe. We are living in a happier
land, and neither directly nor in their consequences can
such acts affect us, but, were we responsibly mixed up
with the direction of public affairs in most countries in
Continental Europe, we could not at the present moment
divest ourselves of an uneasy feeling of coming retribu-
tion. This massacre of Ciceruacchio, of his young
chil-
dren, and of his friends, will help to swell the blonds
debit, of which payment will one day surely,be exacted
to the last item in the foul account.—Times.

THE MEDITERRANEAN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH.—The
Mediterranean Electric Telegraphic Company has Com.
mucicated the following :—By a, despatch received from
Mr. Brett, and dated Saturday, Aug. 16, near the Isle
of Galita, on the Algerian coast, he sends intelligence of
his arrival with the cable and communication in excel-
lent condition, after having successfully passed depths of
2,000 metres. Between this point and Bona the water is
only 150 fathoms deep. The currents and fogs com-
pelled the vsssel to go out of her course, and instead of
reaching Galita at 8 o'clock in the morning, she did not
arrive till 6 o'clock in the evening, M. Delamarche ani
the commandant of the Tartar have gone to Bona to
procure materials fur fastening the cable on the Isle of
Galan, and a despatch has been rent to London to order
a cable of sufficient length to reach Bona."
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.77' Idly-26

AsTtEr4 11()YT. AMPHITHEATRE.
Lessee ani Mana!,ex, Mr. wrn. Cooke.
THIS EVENING,
KI7,TG RICHARD THE THIRD, compressed into 3 acts. Eques-
trian effects—Death of White Surrey—" cattle of Bosworth Field"—
Introduction of Mr. W. Cooke'i stud of trained horses —Hippodramatic
tableau never yet attempted.
After which,
The attractive ACTS of HORSEMANSHIP in the ARENA.
To conclude with a popular and Risible Farce.
Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
West. Equestrian Director. Mr, W. Cooke, iun.