The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-20 00:00:00

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for some time wishing to leave Damascus and other towns
for fear of their lives, have been revented by the Pashas,
who will not give them a teskerd pass), although they have
not the slightest right to withhol it, .for any subject may
travel about the Ottoman dominions at pleasure.
" It is difficult to see how many Christians have been
killed in all the mountain massacres. The numbers are
rated very differently, some rating the number of deaths at
4,000, others at as many as 10,000. This last number is a
very great exaggeration, and I should place the maximum
at 4,000; for, from the best information I have been able
to collect from many sources, I rate the number of killed at
Deir-el-Kammar at 1,100 to 1,200; at Hasbeya and Ra-
shoya, 700 ; at Sidon, 550 ; so that in the three great mas-
sacres from 2,250 to 2,350 males fell. Above 200 refugees
were cut to pieces on the 30th and 31st of May, near Bey-
rout, and if 1,000 more Christians were killed in the villages
I should say that was quite the outside ; so that I shall not
be inclined to think that more than 3,500 have actually
perished—but 3,500 males ; and that takes a great deal out
of a population whose whole wealth and prosperity depends
on its energy.
"On Wednesday, the 11th of July, a Turkish line-of-
battle ship and two frigates entered the bay, having on
board about 3,000 troops. This caused a fresh panic, and
all those who had lingered here now made their prepara-
tion's to depart, for the Consuls insisted on the Pasha per-
mitting those who wished to leave to embark.
" The Christians of Beyrout felt now that it was all over
with them. Hitherto they had looked with comfort to the '
foreign men-of-war at anchor in the bay ; now they feel
they are between two fires, and this great additional mili-
tary force being landed, instead of giving security, adds
only to the insolence of the Moslems and, consequently, to
the danger of the Christians.
" So far goes my sketch of the war in Lebanon. This war
(it is a farce using the term when the whole has been a
butchery) has now been concluded ; and would that my re-
lation of horrors could conclude with it I Almost the very
day on which peace was proclaimed a fanatical outbreak
broke out at Damascus. We had been expecting it. Indeed,
all those best acquainted with Syria have for three or four
years foreseen that some dreadful tragedy would be en-
acted in this country, especially in the capital. In no place
is the fanaticism stronger than at Damascus, and the Chris-
tians are in such a minority that the very thought of a
general slaughter there is too dreedtul. The Moslems
number about 130,000, and the Christians not more than
15,000.
" The train, which had been long laid, was fired on Mon-
day, the 9th of July, at 2 p.m. The house of the Russian
Consul was the first to be attacked, then some of the houses
of the leading Christian merchants, etch, according to the
abominable custom of this country, being set on fire. This
work was found to be too slow for them, so they went off to
the Aleppo-gate (Bab Tuma), and commenced burning the
whole Christian quarter systematically. lam not going to
enter into further details, as the affair of Damascus is not
yet over; but up to the moment the last despatch went,
which was eight days after the commencement of the affair,
the Christian quhrter was still burning, the cry of the Mos-
lem still raging, and the thirst for blood not yet satiated.
No one is safe. The streets are crowded by fanatics who
continually shout ' Death to the Christians I Come, let us
slaughter the Christians; let not ene remain.' The Euro-
peans, up to the time of the last despatch, had escaped, no
thanks to the people, for they have burnt all the consulates
except the British and Russian, and call loudly that the
Russian and French consuls be delivered up to them.
" The very few Europeans at Damascus have found re-
fuge with Abd-el-Kader or with Mr. Brant, her Britannic
Majesty's consul, who by his firm and splendid behaviour
has been the means, up to the present, of saving many lives.
But he is regularly besieged, with some 100 refuges in his
house, and any moment may be his last. To add to these
horrors, the Arabs and Kurds have come into the city, and
besides plundering and murdering the men, they carry off
the women. And the Pasha has done nothing. Ahmed
Pasha never ordered the gates to be closed ; and the Otto-
man troops have distinguished themselves by their eager-
ness to slaughter the Christians and illtreat the women.
.._.

" Othmai Beg, the same who was at liasbeya, entered
Damascus a few days ago, and received the honours of a con-
quering hero. Nothing can be more infamous than the be-
haviour of Ahmed Pasha and of all the officials.

"We all tremble for Aleppo, Horns, Hannan, even for
Jerusalem. May these places escape I I fear not. At all
events Aleppo will hardly remain quiet."

" CONSUL BRANT TO LORD J. RUSSELL.
" Damascus, July 16.
" I dare not attempt to give any details of the destruction
by fire and pillage of the Christian quarter of Damascus, a
city of itself. Europe will be astonished to hear that a
Christian community has been attacked, and possibly a third
part of the male population massacred, with scarcely an
attempt at resistance on their part, and a very feeble effort
on the part of the authorities to avert or arrest so awful a
calamity.
" The surprise will not be diminished when it is added
that this has occurred without any provocation, in a time of
peace, not by an irruption of tribes inimical or exasperated
against the Christians, but by a portion of their fellow-
citizens, apparently stimulated only by a fanatical hatred of
the Christians and by the lust of plunder.
" That there must be a great misconduct somewhere will
be easily conceived, but it will not be so easy to fix on the
guilty parties. The respectable part of the population was
well disposed, and has to all appearance used its influence
and power to maintain tranquillity. Strangers and people of
the villages in the plain have.been concerned in the tragedy
to a limited extent; the greatest damage has been effected
by the evil-disposed portion of the population. The military
force was small, it is true, but I have little doubt that if it
had been actively employed it could have mastered the out-
break and prevented the calamity. Grave suspicions rest on
the conduct of the Pasha, in whose hands were combined
the civil and military power, and who appeared paralysed.
It is, however,' almost inconceivable that a soldier who
holds the elevated rank of Mushir, who was engaged in the
Crimea during the war in a high command, should be so

overcome by fear as to have acted as his Excellency has
done ; and this gives at least plausibility to the opinion
strongly entertained by some that the whole affair was a
plot of his own contrivance. In this opinion I confess I
cannot concur ; but so many reasons and facts are adduced
that my opinion is staggered, and I must suspend cording
to a decision until a rigid examination of facts has been
made and competent witnesses have made their depositions.
" The facts apparent to every one are these:—The Chris-
tian quarter was set fire to on Monday, the 9th inst., and as
no attempt was made to arrest the conflagration, it was still
burning on Sunday night, the 15th ; every church and con-
vent has been plundered and burnt afterwards, and some
possessed a large stock of silver church plate and orna-
ments, but the Greek Patriarchate was the richest, as well
in church plate and jewellery as in gold coin ; these things
were not allowed to be plundered by the rabble, but were
removed by soldiers. It is notorious that for some days the
Algerines of his Highness the Emir Abd-el-Kader saved
from the ruins several hundreds before the Pasha thought
of doing so. That his Excellency neither thought of re-
moving or burying the corpses until I entreated him to do
so to prevent a pestilence, and when he did order something
to be done, it was so little as almost to be useless. That,
although his Excellency promised to adopt my repeated sug-
gestion that the gates should be guarded, and no strangers
be admitted, it was done tardily and ineffectually. That
while the Christian quarter was given up to plunder, neither
the Jewish quarter nor the Maiden, whence the plunderers
poured forth in swarms, was injured cr disturbed—a fact
so singular demands inquiry and explanation. I know in
what direction to look for it when the time of inquiry shall
come, but the inquirers must be armed with power, and be
able to protect those who will give evidence.
" The Pasha should be called on to explain why he was
never seen without the walls of his Serai •' why the greater
part of his troops were kept to defend his Excellency; why
no officer of rank ever headed the detachments of troops
occasionally sent out ; why cannon sent to the Christian
quarters to clear it of the plunderers were never used; and,
during the whole course of the massacre, why the troops
fired but few shots, and those mostly without effect. These
and similar questions can only be put by persons acquainted
with the facts from the beginning to the end.
" The members of the Municipal Council should be called
upon to state the advice they gave, and why that advice
was not acted upon. The Pasha would seem to lay the
fault on them, while they say their counsel was unheeded.
" I entreat that pecuniary assistance be furnlshed me. I
have no means of my own, and the calls on me are so heavy
that I cannot long respond to them. I have altogether
under my roof nearly 200 people who depend on mo for food,
and I cannot foresee when they can quit this asylum, or
whither they can go. All are houseless, penniless, and with
only the clothes on their backs. I dread a sickness follow-
ing. I have but a small stock of medicine, and no doctor
to assist. I will not fail in my duty be it as severe as it
may, but I cannot do what is beyond my physical powers
and my pecuniary means. lam puzzled what to do, and
my hope is that my earnest appeal for aid in these trying
circumstances will not be without effect. For the moment
appearances are favourable to the reiteration of tranquillity,
but after what we have witnessed, no one can say that we
are safe from one hour to another.

" I deeply regret the murder of the Rev. William Graham,
a Protestant missionary, when near my house, to which he
was directing his steps, after being driven from the house
where he had taken refuge, the owner of which was a friend
of Mr. Wood's, and through whose patronage and kindness
he amassed money during the Crimean war. The mur-
derer is known, and openly avows his crime ; the reason he
gives for committing it was, that he believed him to be a
consul."
" CAPTAIN PAYNTER TO VICE-ADMIRAL MARTIN.

" Exmouth, Beyrout, July 19.
" Sir,—The postscript of my letter dated the 13th of July
placed you in possession of the latest news received from
Damascus up to Thursday, the 12th of July. I have now
the painful duty to report that the tragedy is consummated.
From Monday, the 9th, until Saturday morning, the 14th,
the game of blood, fire, and treachery went on, with the
following result.
" The whole Christian quarter of Damascus (a city in it-
self) has been ruthlessly plundered and burnt to the ground,
loss estimated at £1,200,000 sterling; 2,000 dead bodies lie
unburied amid the ruins (Mr. Consul Brant's letter to Mr.
Moore states from 3,000 to 5,000) ; and 20,000 houseless,
wanderers, whose only crime was that they were followers
of Christ, now live on charity, and ask for justice from the
hands of Europe.
" The cowardly or treacherous Achraet Pasha, whose first
duty it was to have shown himself at the head of his troops,
and dispersed the robbers, proved faithless to his trust, either
from his fears or his fanaticism ; he kept within his palace
during the whole period of the massacre ; his troops, still
fresh from the slaugLters of Hasbeya and Doir-el-Kammar,
joined the Moslem mob in murdering and pillaging a popti-
lation it was their duty to defend at the peril of their lives.
" Five atrocious massacres within six weeks attest the
power of evil or the miserable incapacity of the local Turkish
authorities in Syria, and every mail that leaves this port
takes to Europe harrowing details of these transactions,
which, when known, will sicken the inhabitants of every
Christian city in the world.
" I sincerely trust that Aleppo is safe, as precautionary
measures have been taken to prevent that city sharing a
similar fate,
" Yesterday, the 18th, an express arrived from Damascus.
Mohammar Pasha and the troops had arrived. Order was
being gradually restored ;. the gates are closed against armed
oa
bodies of men. They were burying the dead for fear f
plague ; and some vegetable and provision shopsinthe
Mallomedan quarter are open for trade, but no Christian
dare show his face. Troops are clearing the road between
Beyrout and Damascus, and I have no doubt that the
majority of the fugitives will soon find their way to this

poit.
0 Oa Wednesday, the 17th, Fuad Pasha, the Minister for

NEWSPAPER

4.0 -
Forei Affairs, airs, arriv rom tino le . P
He is armed with extraordinary power, and as h tif% :7-4v
European reputation for ability and honesty of p
hope we have a guarantee that these dreadful acts of a- n. S
ticism will be suppressed, and a searching inquiry into the
conduct of the guilty parties instituted. So great is the
confidence reposed in him by Mr. Moore that he no longer
considers precautionary measures necessary for his protec-
tion; I have therefore discontinued them.
"The Mohawk arrived from Latakia and Alexandretta
on Wednesday ; doubt and apprthension filled the minds of
all classes, but I do not apprehend an outbreak.
"Yesterday I received a report that disturbances had
broken out at Jerusalem, and the Protestant Bishop had
fled to Joppa. I have despatched the Mohawk to that place,
on her way up she is to touch at Caiffa, Tyre, and Sidon.
" Seven thousand troops have lately arrived with the
Seraskier, Halim Pasha. Detachments of these troops will
shortly garrison all the seaport towns, so I have no fear that'
British subjects and their properties will suffer from further
acts of violence. _ _

"On Monday, the 16th, the French line-of-battle ship
Donauwerth, with the flag of Rear-Admiral Jehenues, and
the Redoubtable; 90, arrived, ordered to this port by tele-
gram. The Zenobie has left for Alexandria. •
"I have, &c., ' "J. A. PAYNTER."

BER WICK ELECTION COMMISSION.

BE4WICK-UPON-TWEED, Atm. Is.
The Commissioners met this morning at 10 o'clock.
Ralph Anstruther Earle was sworn and examined by
the Chief Commissioner—l was member for this town from
April, 1859, to August in the same year, and was Mr. Dis-
raeli's private secretary from the time of his coming into up
to the time of his quitting office. I consulted Mr. Disraeli
before becoming a candidate. I came to Borwick, April 8,
and commenced my canvass. I heard a great deal about
the barrack question. It appeared that the question of re-
occupying the barracks had been agitated during the pre-
ceding year, and a memorial signed by a great many per-
sons was drawn up, representing the great injury done to
the town by the abandonment of the barracks, and that they
had set every influence in motion to have the old state of
things restored, as I understood, without success, and that
they had then changed their ground and, instead of asking
that the barracks should be occupied, asked that the claims
of Berwick as a military station should be reconsidered.
They were more successful in this, and some rather sub-
stantial hope was held out that this modest request would
be acceded to. They complained that the renewed inquiry
did not take place, and they thought that, if granted, the
officer who had already condemned the barracks would
be employed to revise his own decision. Thinking the
wish of the inhabitants reasonable, I undertook to make an
inquiry on the subject. I addressed a communication to
the War-office, stating what I had heard. It was alleged
that Lord Melville, the commander of the district, finding
Berwick inconveniently distant from head-quarters, was
prejudiced against having soldiers there. I wrote to the War-
office in a tone of remonstrance and asked information. I
was actuated in pursuing the course I did by thinking that
the disappointment already experienced by the inhabitants
was unfavourable to the Conservative party, and I wished
also to make myself favourably known to the electors. 1
either addressed my letter to Gen. Peel, or to Mr. William,
Peel, his private secretary. I also wrote to Mr. Disraeli.,
asking him to speak to Gen. Peel. I received an answer.,
which I showed to several people in Berwick and left with
some of them. I have net got it, nor do I know where it is.
I made use of it in my address. If the printed copy of my
address put it inbo my hands is correof• that will give sub-
stantially a correct copy; but, as it is not in my hand_
writing, I will not admit it. -I certainly exaggerated my
services. The word " success" is too strong. Address:kg
are often altered. I don't believe I said what is Vaere
printed. The article in the Warder is immensely eray.e_
rated ; the letter contained nothing to warrant it, I thinkit is a sanguine amplification. Ido not deny that I wrote
that address, nor do I assert that I did. Tb.e charge made
by the other party is that there was a compact that if the
Conservative candidates were returned the barracks should
be restored. There was a " cry" got up that I had been suc-
cessful in getting a concession from the Government about
the barracks. Perhaps I allowed too much to be said. The
excitement of an election produces exaggeration. There
is no very strict adherence to truth on such occasions. I
don't think that I told Mr. Disraeli, in writing to him from
Berwick, that I had been able to make a good deal out of the
barrack promise. I think I told him that the non-performe
fume of the promise made by the Government had produced
a very unfavourable impression to the Conservative interese•,
I thought my chance of success would be increased if I w,as
enabled tp state that the barracks would be restored.. I
don't think I was so ambitious as to think that my poiJition.
as secretary to Mr. Disraeli, and my being able to ce,reinu.
nicate with General Peel, would enable me to state that
the barracks would be restored. My object was, not so
much to produce a good as to remove a bad inroression. I
had some communication with Mr. Rose ;Were I came
down as a candidate, and I wrote to him, 'while I was at.
Berwick. The circumstances of the compromise of which.
you have heard were as follows. Immediately after the
change of Government I went abroad, and on my return I
heard from Mr. Spofforth that there had been a meeting.
between him and Mr. Baker about compromising the peeir.
tiou which there was against both mine and Captain `-cor-
don's seats. Baker said the Liberals must have ase at at'
Berwick. I felt from that moment that the responitbility
of continuing to defend the seat rested upon me. Ai r. Rose
afterwards told me that he understood that them was no
distinct evidence against me, but that he believed it was in-
tended to attack a great number of votes on account of pay..
ments of money made by Captain Gordon. Rose said he
did not think the payments corrupt, but a hostile committee
might take a different view. It would also have been a
scrutiny, and I could ill afford the expense. I thought I
had better retire with honour, and moreover I felt I was in.
a difficult position as regarded Capt. Gordon. The compro-
mise did not emanate from our Fatty. It was considered
the best tactics to take chances of war and not give up till
the last moment, so I kept my seat till within three days
of the end of the session. I signed the agreement, which.
was drawn up by Sir F. Slade and Mr. Phinn. I objected
to two or three things in it, but was overruled. I know
Brodie ; he was first known about a duel at Canterbury-,
subsequently at Weedon. I becalm acquainted with him
shortly after becoming Mr. Disraeli's secretary. Shortly be-
fore Lord Palmerston's Administration terminated in 1858,
a great deal of attention had been excited by the Weedon
scandals. Several M.P.'s asked Mr. Disraeli to see Set,
geant Brodie. Mr. Disraeli promised to make an appoint-
ment for Brodie to come to him. I learnt this from Mr..
Disraeli, partly at the time and partly aince. Mr. Disraeli
did not see him, but one day, as he was walking to West-
minster, Brodie accosted him and introduced himself, and
walked with him to the house ; this was before the change
in 11i58. Mr. Disraeli, thinking him badly used, indulged,
and encouraged him ; the consequence was that Brodie
often used to lie in wait and accost him, and talk to
him. At the time of the change I became private sec-
retary, and one of the first letters received was one from.
Brodie, asking for an interview, and making some allusion.
to hie claims. Mr. Disraeli docketed the letter " that he
knew the man, took some interest in him, and desired me,
to see him, and ascertain what he wanted." He came ands
related the circumstances under which he had been deprive&
of his appointment, and asked that Mr. Disraeli's influences
should be used to get him reinstated or appointed to some-
thing else. Mr. Disraeli, entertaining the same sentiments
as he did before he came into office, spoke to General Peel
about Brodie. General Peel promised to inquire, and to.
ascertain whether anything could be done for him.. There-
port received by General Peel was unfavourable to Brodies.
One of the reasons given against his being employed was
that he was mad. Although there was a constant apparent
excitement in Brodie's manner, Mr. Disraeli did not concur,.
and observed nothing in his proceedings which could not be
reconciled with his character as a man suffering under real
or imaginary oppression. Mr. Disraeli's efforts having thus
failed to obtain any appointment in the public service, he
was glad to learn from Brodie that he had obtained some
employment in his own line of business, through Nicoll, the
tailor, I think. Some months subsequently, in April,
1859, Brodie accosted Mr. Disraeli in the lobby, and asked
to speak to him for five minutes. Mr. Disraeli acceded,
and listened to him. He said ho had lost his employment,.
and that he was in want. Mr. Disraeli said, after what
had occurred, he could not hold out any hope of getting
him reinstated, but that he thought he might get biro some-
thing to do in connexion with the general election, meaning
that he might be employed as a messenger or paid can-
vasser. Helold him that he might go to Mr. Rose and men-
an his name. Brodie said, "Oh, that won't do ; et we' t you
give me something written ?" Whereupon he wro to on an
envelope some few lines, which, to use his own ex' tression,
might be read at Charing-cross. The man wen tto Mr.
Rose's office (this I heard from Mr. Spofforth), bui . did not
see Mr. Rose, but not, as he supposes, because hew as taken
for a spy, but because his eccentric aspect, incoherent lan •
guage, and redolence of liquor alarmed the cler ks, who
thought he ought not to be allowed to remain lone wing on
the premises, as he was manifestly intoxicated, and I perhaps
insane. I have a very lively recollection of the pm rticulars,
and that is all I know about it.—[The envelope a poken of
by Brodie was handed to the witness, who said it. was cer-
tainly in Mr. Disraeli's handwriting.)—He usesd often to
come and bother me. The other day he wanted I;o show me
a letter he had received from Lord Palmerston, i altroducing
him to Mr. Sidney Herbert. Mr. Disraeli told cr se he had
never seen him at his house. The reason he sa id it was,
that the whole of the same story was bruited ale tut at the
time of the From e petition, except that Berwick-upc ,n-Tweed
was not mentioned. I was at that time very nu ich in the
way of hearing this sort of thing in Parliaments ry circles.
I know it was intended that if the Fromepetitken, had gone
on this should have been brought forward. People who
knew Brodie told me that they were sorry be had been
guilty of this abase of Mr. Disraeli's benewol, glee. I was
walking one day in Leicester-square and lie (Brodie) met
me, and said a debate was going on at Wyl d's rooms; would
I not go and hear it ? I went to a room where t two men were
drinking beer. He said it was a mista.loe, and Ihe then took
me to another where there were three men, but no debate
was going on. I forget where the seethed was. I have never
been with him anywhere but that onto.
By Mr. Barstowe—l never had arty cony eruation with
him about his being employed on the secret service. He is
the very last person to be employed where dint •etion is re-
quisite. He was always full of myste try and great person-
ages. He used to say ho had just came from the Duke of
Cambridge. Once or twice he cam's to me in. the lobby of
the house and said, " Ah, Mr. Barite, all my friends at Ber-
wick-upon-Tweed voted for you." Brodie certainly was not
in the habit of taking me to debating societies. He u"7,
to come to Downing-street with paragraphs out out of
papers in his pocket and show Ma. He 'once produced h
he
of paper headed, " Wyld's Roove.—Q,ttestion, .w- 'Ws, 10r
Lord Palmerston was fit to adwiso the (Qiueen 441„abit of
Noes, 15." I used to see him. often. lie is intlrhe and are
accosting people'. Many think him a chartc-ou't of
amused at at his absurdity. I went to 'WV/i; as a c, cha_
()silty. Mr. Disraeli used to speak of
with Lord Palmer-
Peel, and Mr. Milner
ratter." He boasts of a like intituce:
ston, the Duke of Cambridge, Genera
Gibson.
By Mr. Lushington—l think enyb ody reading the letter
ow ule I understand that the
from General Peel's secretary
been mat le before my applica-
survey of the barracks had

under examinat ion above three hours,
ticn.
This witness was
and at half-past 4 the Commission ra adjourned.

-.......____:_.
It appearsthat the total e
,tibseriptious for the
New Sardinian Five per Cent. Loan of £6,000,002
reu nted to £22,000,000, and the
,t each applicant among
the public obtained only about 1,5 per cent. of the Amu
asked.
Monday last a
A MEETING IN THE Au 1
.—On
G on
meeting was hold on the top ofr St. Paul's,
the chair), Professor Donalds,or 1, Mr. NortoMnlrM
present, when
Mr. Porter, and Mr. T. Hay,tei - Lewis beifig•- d with the
ine , the various towers and steeple s were exam Penose,
ed The sight was
view of saying which should. be . preserf:w
wonderful, and those present found
xto assent. A. memo-
spires to the de-
struction of which they virtere 1
rial was agreed on, and,. ---„eb -members of the Council
bein flagf7rwards signed by the
President of the Institute and
is _
was peres,F.ted en Tuesday night to the
as could be found,
hall of: many of the towers aid
i House of Commons on b
1 steeples.—Builder.