The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-13 00:00:00

FRANCIS 11.

Since a reckless adventurer, possessing all the force of
which revolutionary Europe can dispose, has attacked our
dominions, under the name of an Italian Sovereign who is
both a relation and a friend, we have striven for five months
long, with all the means in our power, on behalf of the
sacred independence of our States.
The fortune of war has proved contrary to us. The
reckless enterprise of which the above Sovereign protested
his ignorance in the most formal manner, and which never •
theless at the moment when negotiations were going on for
an intimate alliance between us, received in his own States
its principal support and assistance, that enterprise at
which the whole of Europe looked on with indifference, after
having proclaimed the principle of non-intervention, leaving
us alone to fight against the common enemy, is now upon
the point of extending its disastrous effects to our own
capital. The forces of the enemy are now approaching
this neighbourhood.
On the other hand, both Sicily and the provinces of the
Continent, which for a long time have been agitated in every
manner by a revolution, rising in insurrection under so
great an excitement, have formed Provisional Governments
under the title and nominal protection of the above Sove-
reign, and have confided to a pretended Dictator full autho-
rity and the decision of their destiny.
Strong in our rights, founded upon history, in interna-
tional treaty, and in the public law of Europe, we intend to
prolong our defence while it is possible, yet we are no less
determined upon every sacrifice in order to save this vast
metropolis, the glorious home of the most ancient memories,
the birthplace of national art and civilisation, from the
horrors of anarchy and civil war.
In consequence we shall retire beyond the walls with our
army, confiding in the loyalty and in the love of our sub-
jects for the preservation of order, and for respect being
shown to authority.

In taking this determination we aro conscious of a duty
which our ancient and uncontested rights, our honour, the
interest of our heirs and successors, and, more than all, the
welfare of our most beloved subjects, have imposed upon us,
and therefore we protest loudly against all acts which have
been accomplished up to this time, and against the events
which are on the point of completion, or which may be ac-
e mplished in future. We reserve them all our rights and
privileges arising from the most sacred and incontestible
laws of succession, as well as from the force of treaties, and
we declare solemnly that all the aforesaid acts and events
are null, void, and of no effect. For what concerns us, we
leave our cause and the cause of our people in the hands of
Almighty God, under the firm conviction that during the
short space of our reign we have not entertained a single
thought that was not devoted to the happiness and the good
of our subjects.
The institutions which we have irrevocably guaranteed
them are the proofs of this. This protest of ours shall be
transmitted to every Court, and we desire that, signed by
us, provided with the seal of our Royal arms, and counter-
signed by our Minister of Foreign Affairs, it should be pre-•
served in onr Royal offices of the exterior as a record of our
firm resolution always to oppose reason and right to violence
and usurpation.
FRANCESCO 11.
DE MARTINO.

Naples, Sept. 6, 1880.
• ROYAL PROCLAMATION.
Naples Sept. 6, 1860.
Among the duties proscribed to Kings, those of the days
of misfortune are the grandest and the most sele.nn, and I

intend to fulfill them with resignation free from weakness,
and with a serene and confident heart, as befit the descend-
ants of so many monarchs. For such a purpose I onco
more address my voice to the people of this metropolis, from
whom I am now to depart with bitter grid.
Au unjust, war, carried on in contravention to the law
of nations, has invaded my States, notwithstanding the fact
that I was at peace with all the European Powers.
The changed order of government and my adhesion to
the great principles of Italian nationality were not suffi-
cient to ward off the war; and, moreover, the necessity of
defending the integrity of the State entailed upon me the
obligations of events which I have always deplored; there-
fore I solemnly protest against this indescribable hostility,
concerning which present and future time will pronounce
its solemn verdict.

The Diplomatic Corps residing at my Court has known
since the commencement of this unexpected invasion with
what sentiments my heart has been filled for all my people,
as well as for this illustrious city, with a view of securing
her from ruin and war, of saving her inhabitants and all
their property, her sacred churches, her monuments, her
public buildings, her collections of art, and all that which
forms the patrimony of her civilization and of her great-
ness, and which, being an inheritance of future generations,
is superior to the passions of a day.
The time has now come to fulfil these professions of mine.
The war is now approaching the walls of the city, and
with unutterable grief I am now to depart with a portion of
my army to betake myself where the defence of my rights
calls me. The remainder of my army remains in company
with the honourable National Guard, in order to protect
the inviolability and safety of the capital, which I recom-
mend as a sacred treasure to the zeal of the Ministry ; and
I call upon the honour and the civic feeling of the Mayor
of Naples and the Commandant •f the said National Guard
to spare this most beloved country of mine the horrors of
internal discord and the disasters of civil wars, for which
purpose I concede to the above-named the widest powers
that they may require.

As a descendant of a dynasty that has reigned over this
continent for 126 years, after having preserved it from
the horrors of a long viceroyalty, the affections of my
heart are here. lam a Neapolitan, nor could I without
bittergrief address words of farewell to my most dearly be-
loved people—to my fellow-citizens.

Whatever may be my destiny, be it prosperous or ad-
verse, I shall always preserve for them a passionate and
affectionate remembrance. I recommend to them concord,
peace, and strict observance of their civic duties. Let not
an excessive zeal for my dynasty be made a pretence for
disturbance.

Whether from the fortunes of the present war I return
shortly among you, or whatever may 1.13 the time at which
it may please the justice of God to restore me to the throne
of my ancestors, a throne made all the more splendid by
the free institutions with which I have irrevocably sur-
rounded it, all that I pray from this time forth is to behold
again my people united, strong and happy.

FRANCIS 11.
The protest is a matter of course and requires no
remark.

I really do not know which is the greatest
marvel, the rapid and triumphant progress of
Garibaldi, or the perfect calm and order of the
people. A throne has fallen, a King has left his
capital to-day, and yet the aspect of everything is
unchanged, the theatres are open, the Guards stand
at the Palace gates, and all classes pursue their
usual occupations.
And now for Garibaldi, whose fame and pro-
portions, though great at a distance, assume a
gigantic form as he approaches Naples. A few
days since he was at Faro, Pizzo, Paola, Castro-
villari, and on the evening of the sth he had arrived
at Ercole ; this morning, the 6th, we hear that he
arrived at Salerno, and was followed by the Divi-
sions of Cosenz and Turr, in vehicles of every kind
and description. Fabrizi also was following close
with the insurgents of the Basilicata and Principato.
" Numerous disembarkations were being made on
different points of the Gulf of Salerno and the Bay
of Naples." So says the Intendente of the Province.
Garibaldi arrived almost alone with his Aide-de-
Camp, and, proceeding to the Intendente's, pre-
sented himself at the balcony to a frenzied popu-
lation with the Piedmontese flag in his hand. At
La Cava he dined, and there I leave him until to-
morrow morning. Yet let me record one fact of
this wonderful man, who is the very soul of energy,
and has the art of inspiring all his followers with
the same. For three days in succession he marched
40 miles a day, the rations of his troops being
limited to bread and a small quantity of wine. The
English officers who passed by in the French
steamer reported the army, notwithstanding, to be
in a healthy state. Salerno is, of courn, emptied
of the Royalist troops, who have fallen back upon
Nocera. The foreign troops have been fighting
among themselves. Orders have been given to them
all to concentrate finally at Capua and Gaeta, but
before lone I expect to hear of their having sent in
their adhesion to Victor Emmanuel.

SEPT. 7.

As soon as his Majesty left a Provisional Govern-
ment was formed, consisting of Pianelli, Libertini,
Bella, Colonna, Conforti, Agresti, and Ricciardi
Cosenz was appointed pro-Dictator, and Bertani Se-
cretary-General. This, of course, is subject to modi-
fication by Garibaldi. At the same time Liborio
Romano, ex-Minister of the Interior, publishes the
following address :

To THE MOST INVINCIBLE GENERAL GARIBALDI,

DICTATOR OF THE Two SICILIES.

With the greatest impatience Naples awaits your arrival
to salute you as the redeemer of Italy, and place in your
hands the powers of the State and its destinies. During
this interval of expectation I shall remain firm for the main-
tenance of order and public tranquillity. Your voice, already
made known by me to the people, is the great pledge of the
success of such enterprises. _ _ _

I await your further orders, and am, with unbounded
respect, LIBORIO ROMANO.
Naples, Sept. 7.
And now for the events of the day. Garibaldi
is among us—sooner by many days than we had
expected. He marched, as one of his followers said
to me to-day, for several days 45 miles consecu-
tively. Well, he arrived at Salerno yesterday, and
had, I am given to understand, a most brilliant
reception. " Perhaps he may come in for the Feast
of Pie di Grotto," said some, but I was thunder-
struck at the information of a friend this morning
that he was to be here " within the hour." There
was no time to be lost, and so, through rather a
dull and forsaken looking town, we drove to the
railway. There were no signs of preparation on
the road—a banner of the Madonna hung across
the street from the church to the barracks, but no
Sardinian flag. There was no hurry-scurry in the
streets, and I thought that there might have been
some mistake abbut the matter, but nothing of
the kind. At the railway National Guards were
stationed at all the entrances, and flags were coming
down in rapid succession, for the arrival of the Dic-
tator was sudden, like everything he does, and
people were unprepared. The waiting-rooms inside
were full of the most eminent characters of Naples,
at least among the Liberals. There were all the
members of the Comitato which has issued its mys-
terious commands for so many months ; Azala, the
new commander of the National Guard; Leopardi,
the historian ; a great many of our countrymen,
Lord Llanover among the number; a few, but very
few, ladies, as still there was an impression that a
row might take place. I stood by a priest who was
Chief of the Provisional Government of Lecce, and
who indulged in anecdotes of Garibaldi, whom he
knew well in Rome. But what delays the Dicta-
tor ? Half-past 10 o'clock, and he does not make
his appearance. At last a bell rings, a train ap-
proaches, and there is a tremendous burst, of
" Vivas ;" but no, it is not the hero; it is a convoy of
Bavarian soldiers who have lately deserted and are
joining the winning cause. So we turn round again
and talk over the sufferings and persecutions of the
last 12 years, end point out all the remarkable men
in the room. A last 12 o'clock strikes and a bell
sounds, and from a distance a signal is made that
Garibaldi is approaching. " Viva Garibaldi !"
rises from a thousand voices, and the train stops ;
a few red-jackets get out, and they are seized,
hugged, and kissed with that most unmerciful
violence which characterises Italian ardour.
There was one poor elderly man who by
virtue of his white beard was taken for Gari-
baldi, and was slobbered so that I thought be
must have sunk under the operation, but the great
great man had gone round by another door, and so
there was a rush in all directions to intercept him.
We drove round by a side street to the front of the
Carmine, and thus by a knowing dodge we came in
front of the Dictator. There is no mistaking that
face; there is the grandeur and the openness of
nature's nobleman expressed, and it does not say
one thing while plotting another; it'is marked by
a loyalty which in vain might be sought for in that
of many of the so-called great ones of the earth. 1
was much struck with his calm self-possession and
VIC 014rcInQ Pi? y Mum of his smile. >Eie was note iA

the carriage of the French Minister, though I be-
lieve it had been placed at his disposal, but in one
hired for the occasion. Followed and accompanied
by three lines of carriages he went along the
Marinella, through the Basso Porto, surrounded
by thousands, and deafened by their 'greetings, up
the Lago Castello, and so on by San Carlo and the
Palace of the King, which Royalty left only a few
hours before, and entered the Palace of reception
for foreign Princes. The crowd waved back-
wards and forwards, and looked up to the windows
and shouted for the appearance of Garibaldi.
First came one red coat, then another, and at
last the hero. What a cry of " Viva" there rose
from the vast mass below ! When last that bal-
cony was occupied by a distinguished personage it
was by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, but in answer
to no calls, for there were only a few of those idlers
who always hang about the palaces of Princes. It
was imnossible to make himself heard amid the
noise and confusion, and so Garibaldi leant
over the iron railing and gazed intently
on the crowd. A wave of the hand at last asked
for silence, but in vain. "Zitti, Zitti!" rose from
all sides, and there was a perfect silence. "Nea-
politans," said a voice as clear as a bell, and with
an enunciation so distinct that nothing could fail to
reach the ear.--

This is a solemn, holy, and memorable day. This day,
from being subjects under the yoke of tyranny, you have
become a free people. I thank you in the name of the whole
of Italy. You have performed a great work, not only for
Italy, but for all humanity, whose rights you have vindi-
cated. " Hurrah for liberty I" fio much dearer to Italy in-
asmuch as she has suffered so much more than Other na-
tions. " Long live Italy I"

The cry was taken up by the thousands assembled,
and " Viva Italia !" might have been heard from
one end of the city to the other. There were curi-
ous spectacles to be witnessed in the crowd—there
were members of a legion of Amazons to the num-
ber of 200, who, dressed in the Garibaldian uniform,
had vowed to place themselves in front of the Na-
tional Guard and of Garibaldi, in case the military
had interfered. There were priests with tricoloured
scarfs over their shoulders and banners in their
hands, and bareheaded monks with muskets on their
shoulders. There were men and women with un-
sheathed swords and daggers and swordsticks in their
hands, which they brandished in all the drunkenness
of enthusiasm. There were hundreds of Lazzaroni,
armed with pikes, which had been provided for the
defence of the barricades had the Bourbons driven
the people to such extremes. Such were some of the
scenes to be witnessed, I remarked that Garibaldi
made not the slightest allusion to
.the name of
Victor Emmanuel, and I remarked also that, with
few exceptions, the only cries in the streets were
" Viva Garibaldi !" " Viva Italia !" On entering
the Palace and the room in which Garibaldi was
received I saw him giving audience to a deputation
of Venetians. "We are all ready and organised,
General, and anxious to begin." " You cannot be
more anxious than I am," was the reply, and then
he left the room to repose and take some refresh-
ment.

In the afternoon Garibaldi visited the Duomo,
and the greetings were more enthusiastic than in
the morning, and the crowd far greater. It was a
worthy demonstration. From the Duomo he re-
turned to the Palazzo Angri, in the Toledo, where
for the present he resides, if he can be said to re-
side anywhere ; for his officers tell me he may go
off to Gaeta in the morning, or to the Abruzzi in
the evening. We never know his movements or his
whereabouts. How the people's lungs stand it I
can't make out, but there was no cessation of
shouting and of galloping up and down and
kissing and hugging during the whole of this blessed
day ; and, now night has set in, every house is
illuminated. Looking up the side streets the effect
is beautiful. The banners touched one another
from the opposite windows, and there was a blaze
of light between. There is a torchlight procession
in carriages and on foot in the Toledo and other
parts of the city. Crowds rush along with torches.
or banners in one hand and knives or swords in the
other, like so many mad Bacchanalians, only they-
were not drunk, except with joy and newly-found
liberty, and they stop and hug and kiss, and
then rush on till they meet with other crowds.
But were I to write a hundred columns of descrip-
tion I should be only repeating myself, so I leave
this festive scene for the night. Some rounds of
cannon are fired from the Borbone and other Neapo-
litan vessels which have hoisted the Sardinian flag
mast high, and the Carmine and Ovo salute also.
As for the Potenza, which was cruising off Ischia
and received orders to come into Naples, she has
gone off to Gaeta.

SEPTEMBER 8.

Few persons slept last night. I can answer for
myself, for the shouts of " Viva Garibaldi !" have
been ringing in my ears for twenty-four hours con-
tinuously. The Marchese Villamarina had an in-
terview of two hours yesterday with Garibaldi,
who, as far as I can make out, assumes the com-
mand in everything, and asserts thorough inde-
pendence of action. The Provisional Government
which had been formed has been put down in the
following significant terms :

"`Without any orders from the Dictator, certain lists of
names as of those forming the Provisional Government
have been placarded. The public are warned against any
surprise, it being the will of the Dictator that the guilty
shall be punished."

The Prefect of Police, in another order, says :
"All the ships of war and merchant vessels belonging to
the State of the Two Sicilies, the arsenals, materials of war,
are added to the squadron of the King of Italy, Victor
Emmanuel, commanded by Admiral Persano.

" GARIBALDI."
Romano is confirmed in his office as Minister of
the Interior, Cosenz is appointed Minister of War,
Pisanelli Minister of Justice, De Cesare and Giacchi
are confirmed in the Directories of Finance and of
the Interior. De Sauzet is nominated Director of
War, under Cosenz. The same perfect order conti-
nues, though the French Admiral called on Admi-
ral Mundy on Thursday evening (says Mrs.
Grundy), and announced his intention of sending
troops on shore. Our Admiral expressed some
astonishment at the resolution, which had been
taken without any communication with himself, the
more so as such a step seemed to be quite unneces-
sary. If, however, the French sent men on shore
he should do the same to the Legation, having first
obtained permission of the authorities; and he
begged the French Admiral to communicate to him
his final resolution. Take this as a fair specimen of
the incidents which have rendered the position of
Admiral Mundy so delicate and so difficult, among
the incidents around, and through which he has
steered with great prudence.

It is reported to me that the Spanish, Austrian,
Brazilian, Belgian, andWurtenThurg Ministers have
accompanied the King, as also the Nuncio, who has
taken down his arms, and has placed the French
flag above the doorway,

I have just been into LATEST MOMENT.
the Toledo, where the
furor is something tremendous, and we are in
for another night of it, A procession of priests
was coming down, carrying banners and deco-
rations, with tricoloured scarfs and ribands.
They were soon after presented to the Dictator,
together with a few bishops. In a parallel line
with these were a number of the Chasseurs in car-
riages, and in another part of the town I met a
number of the Grenadiers of the Guard bearing the
Savoy flag, and running and shouting like Baccha-
nalians. After the bishops had been presented this
morning Lord Llanover had an interview with
the Dictator. Garibaldi, in fact, having heard of
his being in Naples, appointed midday to receive
him. Bands, banners, and National Guards are
passing under my window, and, unless the rain pre •
shall have the Dictator shortly en
Pie di Grotta, but, unfortunately, a
has just set in.
Itv.lloeuuAntuteasdllletrioelnsOn,°llerwelmuede my letter the troops have rushed
y
madly out of Castel Nuovo shrieking wildl " Viva
Garibaldi !" while the civilians are kissing and hug-
ging them.

The following is an extract from a letter from
Air. Edwin James to a friend :

• alerno,
Under the gray twilight of aS September Sept morning we
steamed out of the harbour of Naples in search of Gari-
baldi. Count Cavour had kindly placed at our disposal a
Sardinian corvette, the Authion (so named from the place
Talue one of their great battles had been gained), and at