The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-25 00:00:00

TILE PAPER DUTIES.

Before the discussion of the Paper Duty dies
away, we are most anxious to impress our readers
with a due sense of the bearings of this question
on the general interest, as setting forth in dis-
agreeable relief the selfish impatience of taxation
by which a small, active, and clamorous political
sect tend their whole energies to shift the load
of taxation from a legitimate subject to one which
is not legitimate, but which, from the want of as-
sociation amongst its sufferers, has for twenty
years been almost unresistingly imposed—we al-
lude of course to the Income-tax. If our readers

will follow us patiently for a brief space, we shall
be able to show them that the clamour for the re-

peal of the paper duty is one which ought to be
condemned, not merely on the grounds on which
Lord Derby has successfully opposed it, but on
the score of its intense selfishness. And first,

let us recall the sentiment which almost uni-

versally possessed the country when the Treaty of
Commerce with France was first mentioned. Was

it a sentiment of confidence and gratulation ? It
was nothing of the kind. The first attitude of public

opinion was to look with suspicion on a proffer of
friendliness coming to us from a quarter which had
hitherto been noted for the studied contempt with
which upon every occasion it had used the English
alliance for its own selfish ends, and in such a
manner as invariably to lessen us in the eyes of
Europe. But in this country, unless when moved
by a sentiment strong enough to stir the national
instinct to its lowest depths, people think by their
representatives in the public press. The newspaper
is the wiry along which the electric current passes
which reduces all to one mind—as nearly at least
as such a result is possible. It was therefore a
master stroke of policy on the part of Mr. Glad-
stone to get possession of this wire, and he did it
by making the repeal of the paper duty part of his
Budget. From that moment the Budget was safe;
the Treaty was the first instalment of a new and
glorious era ; in a word, whatever belonged to the
financial scheme was right, and was the very best
thing that the wit of man could have devised.
Most of the journals who gave it their adherence
had, in times past, fought against the income tax ;
yet, with the repeal of the paper duty dangled
invitingly before their eyes, they consented that
the income tax should be renewed at tenpence
in the pound in the very yeat in which it
«,a9 to have disappeared altogether—the same
Chancellor of the Exchequer who had doomed it
to extinction bringing it to life again. None of
the journals saw any harm in this. Like hireling
shepherds they left the flock to the wolf for a little
paltry advantage to themselves ; and if Mr. Glad-
stone had asked for a shilling in the pound by way
of income tax, they would have patted him on the
back and applauded his demand. And what they
did in their leading columns Mr. Bright did in
the House of Commons. He consented to the
income tax for one year more—only for one. One
year would suffice to get rid of the paper duty—
at least so it seemed some weeks ago ; and the
paper duty abolished, the sufferers from the in-
come tax might fight their own battle next year
with such wordy and windy support as the
honourable member might lend them. The paper
duty was a grievance, we all admit ; but it was
no more a grievance than any other tax is, and
in comparison with the income tax it shrank into
the pettiest dimensions. But the Knowledge Tax
Association gave no heed to these obvious argu-
ments. They had an end to gain, and they would
gain it at all hazards and at any sacrifice. Let the
people pay tenpence in the pound for income tax,
it would be only for one year ; and if it was even
raised to a shilling next year, why the heavier it
became the sooner it would be thrown off. At all
events, though the rest of the country might lose,
the Knowledge Tax Association would gain. And
so
ed t
down
nwio the
th the
paper duty, and add a penny or
twopence income tax, or whatever you like.
Thus the middle classes were thrown overboard.
But, what was worse, even the working classes
were to be mulcted also. The war duty on their
tea and sugar was to be continued. Mr. Bright
voted for that as well as for the tenpenny income
tax ; the Knowledge Tax Association saw no harm
tnit:tllenewspapers which sympathised with the
association thought it was all right. Why ? The
reason is not far to seek. The tax on tea and sugar,
like the tax on income, was to provide Government
newspapers from the paper tax, and
surely with the means of releasing the association and
the
working man if he had a spark of
aghis heart could do without his cup of
without sugar, for a year, or two,
the
or tyortuidgtrgiels
n hni ink
it
or three, in order to subsidise the pining associa-
tion. Was it unreasonable to expect him to do
this? Was it unpatriotic or inhuman ? Very far
from it. If he suffered a little in his corporal
comforts, what would he not gain in mental delec-
tation ? What a happiness to him when he came
home fagged and weary, after a day's toil, to sit
down to a cup of tea without sugar, and peruse

Government last night printed, for the use of
both Houses, correspondence relating to the landing
of Garibaldi at 1. his gallant followers in tzioily. It
consists of letters from Vice-Admiral Fanshawe
(May 12) to the Admiralty, Commander Marryat
(enclosure) ; a second from Admiral Fanshawe
(Me.y 14), Captain Cochrane (enclosure) ;,Comman-
der Aynsley (enclosure), the latter containing the
detailed account of the landing of Garibaldi.
The first paper announces that the Admiral has
sent the Intrepid to Marsala to join the Argus, and
that Captain Cochrane of the Amphion, and Com-
mander Marryat, saw two Sardinian steamers
throw large bodies of Italian soldiers on shore.

No. 1.
" THE SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY TO MR.
HAMMOND.
(Received, May 18).
" Admiralty, May 17.
" Sir,—l am commanded by my Lords Commis-
sioners of the Admiralty to send you herewith, for
the information of her. Majesty's Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a letter from Vice-
Admiral Fanshawe, dated the 12th inst., with copy
of its enclosure, reporting the circumstances attend-
ing the landing of General Garibaldi in Sicily.
" I am, &c., "W. G. ROMAINE."

(Enclosure 1 in No. 1.)
VICE-ADMIRAL SIR A. FANSHAWE TO THE SECRE-
TARY TO THE ADMIRALTY.

" Marborough, at Malta, May 12.
" Sir,—With reference to the sixth paragraph of
my letter of the 7th inst., acquainting you, for the
information of the Lords Commissioners of the Ad-
miralty, that the Intrepid, on being relieved by the
Scylla, would proceed to Palermo, and return to
Malta calling at Trapani, Marsala, and Girgenti on
her way.
" 2. I have the honour to request you will be
pleased to inform their Lordships that the Intrepid
arrived at Marsala yesterday, meeting the Argus
there, which sloop had been sent by Captain Coch-
rane to remain a few days, in consequence of the
Vice-Consul and the British residents having been
called upon to deliver up their arms, for the pur-
pose of affording them any protection that might
be necessary ; and the Intrepid has just arrived here
bringing me the intelligence that about 4 p.m. yes-
terday, while Commander Marryat Nvis on shore at
Marsala, learning from the Acting Vice Consul the
state of the town and country, two small merchant
steamers, under Sardinian colours, steamed rapidly
in, and threw on shore, with the a3sistance of boats
from the place, large bodies of armed Italian sol-
diers, who quickly moved up and took possession
of the town without opposition, there being no
troops in the place, and were well received by the
population.
" 3. Commander Marryat reports the force landed
to consist of 2,000 men under General Garibaldi. I
enclose a copy of his letter of proceeding for their
Lordships' information.
" I have, &c.,
" ARTHUR FANSHAIVE."

(Enclosure 2 in No. 1.)
" COMMANDER MARRYAT TO VICE-ADMIRAL SIR A.
FANSHAWE.
" Intrepid, May 12.
" Sir,—ln compliance with your orders, delivered
to me by Capt. Lambert, of her Majesty's ship
Scylla, I left Messina on the evening of the 9th inst.
for Palermo, where I arrived the following morning
early, and communicated with Capt. Cochrane, of
her Majesty's ship Amphion, who informed me I
was to proceed to join your flag, calling at Trapani,
Marsala, and Girgenti on the way.
" On the 11th I saw the Vice-Consul at the first-

named place. He stated that demonstrations had
occurred there, in which high and low, rich and
poor joined. All the people had, however, been
disarmed by an order of the General, himself among
the number, which had caused him much annoy-
ance ; but, as the Consul at Palermo has referred
this question to our Minister at Naples, I advised
him to wait his answer.
"Thence I proceeded to Marsala, where I was
joined by her Majesty's ship Argus. While on
shore, learning from the VicQ-Consul the state of

the town and country, two steamers came in sight
under Sardinian colours, and, steaming right up to
the mole, began to discharge large bodies of armed
men.

i‘ I should mention that the largest steamer of the
two grounded about 100 yards from the end of the
mole, but boats of all kinds were soon around her
to assist in landing the men.
" Five or six miles distant was a Neapolitan
steamer of war, and further off a large sailing fri-
gate. The first bore up for the port, and was
within easy range of her guns before half the men
were out of the vessel aground, but, for some rea-
son, did not open fire till they were all formed and
marching into the town. The frigate also came
down, with a strong breeze, in time to deliver one
ineffectual broadside.

" The commander of the steamer went on
board the Intrepid and made some inqui•
ries about these troops, and stated that he
must open fire directly, and requested any
English officers who might be in the city would
leave immediately.
" I sent an officer there accordingly, and hoisted
,the general recall, but the gates had been seized by
the new arrivals, and they were stopped, very
civilly, and informed that they must get a permit
from General Garibaldi, who of coot se granted it.
" Accompanied by Commander Ingram and Mr.
Cousins, now acting for the Vice-Consul, I went on
board the Neapolitan steamer. The officer in com-
mand told me that a large body of armed foreigners
had landed, and that he had been obliged to fire on
them. He seemed exceedingly nervous and agitated
about the affair, and I observed that they particu-
larly avoided firing on the steamers, which still kept
Sardinian colours flying, without a pendant.
" On our return to the Intrepid I found a Nea•
politan officer on board, who had come from another
steamer. He had been sent by the Commander,
with a request that I would send a boat, accom-
panied by this officer, to the Sardinian steamers,
asking them to surrender ; which I most positively
declined to do, for these reasons—if the vessels were
total abandoned, which I fully believed they were,
he simply wanted the use of the English flag to
ascertain the fact ; and if, on the contrary, they still
had men on board, it might be asserted our flag was
used for the means of making them surrender.
Eventually, boats were sent on hoard, manned and
armed, from all the Neapolitan vessels of war, the
Sardinian colours hauled down, and possession
taken.
" I should add that, when on board the steamer
that was firing, I requested that the English flag,
wherever it. was flying, should be respected, which
the officer said should be most strictly done,
" Considering this to be the most important event
that has occurred during the insurrection in Sicily,
I deemed it advisable to come on here with all
despatch to inform you of it ; and as, by going to
Girgenti, I should have been too late to afford you
the opportunity of writing to England by this day's
mail, I have not complied with that portion of
Captain Cochrane's instructions.
"Her Majesty's shin Ar4us I left at Marsala,

" Demonstrations in favour of the Italian cause
have continued to occur, but without ending in any-
thing but a few fresh arrests. Last night, how-
ever, one of more serious nature took place in the
Via M aacqueda, where a very considerable concourse
of people collected between 6 and 7 o'clock. They
were not dispersed without the troops having to
make use of their arms, and it is stated that several
were killed and wounded. The truth, however, is
not yet known.
" I am informed that in consequence of this affair
steamers have been despatched along the coast for
troops to reinforce the garrison, which had been
much reduced by the number of men sent out to
scour the country.
" The state of the city has been decidedly more
unsatisfactory for some days past, notwithstanding
the efforts of the police to create a better appear-
ance by forcibly opening the .'shops, &s. Inflam-
matory manifestoes are constantly circulated to
keep up the excitement. Some of these I inclose ;
they describe in strong terms the hatred of the
people to the present Government. The police do
not seem able to put a stop to theircirculation.

" There can be no doubt that the Sicilians are
expecting extraneous aid. Whether they have
grounds for these expectations it is impossible to
say ; but if we are to judge from the manner in
which all the disposable Neapolitan vessels are
kept cruising off the coast, the inference must be
that the authorities dread something of the kind.
" With regard to the island generally, I believe
that things are quieter, although the troops still
occasionally meet with opposition ; but these are
isolated cases, the corps being too strong to allow
of any serious resistance. There can, however, be
no doubt ►hat the revolutionary spirit throughout
the island, although dormant, is still as strong as
ever, and ready to break out into a flame at any
moment.—l have, &c.,

" THOMAS COCHRANE."

(Enclosure 3 in No. 2.)
" COMMANDER AYNSLEY TO VICE-ADMIRAL SIR A.
FANsHA.WE.
•

" Assurance, at Malta, May 14.
" Sir,—l have the honour to report my arrival
here at two p.m., having, in pursuance of your
orders of the 12th inst., left Malta at six o'clock on
the evening of that day.
" I arrived at Girgenti at eight a.m. on the 13th,
and after communicating with the Vice-Consul left
just before noon for Marsala, which place I reached
at 730 p.m. I communicated with Commander
Ingram, of the Argus, and her Majesty's Vice-
Consul, and finding nothing to detain me, I left on
my return to Malta at 10 30 p.m.
" I found everything at Girgenti in a quiet
state, the news of Garibaldi's landing having been
concealed by the authorities ; all that was gene-
rally lKnown was that a party of Italian refugees
had landed at Marsala.

" On the evening of the 11th a Neapolitan
steamer arrived from the direction of Marsala, took
on board 1,000 troops and left immediately for the
westward, and from information I subsequently
received at Marsala she was seen beyond Trapani ;
so that she must have gone either to Castellamare
or Palermo.

" Another body of 1,000 men left Girgenti at the
same time by land for Annetate, where their head-
quarters are now established.
" Considerable discontent was expressed by these
two bodies of troops (some of whom had arrived
from Messina about 24 hours previously) at having
bo soon to go into the country to meet the insur-
gents.

" They had been sent for the purpose of disarm-
ing the inhabitants, but had not done so, owing to
their sudden removal. There are now about 100
troops still left in Girgenti. No political arrests
had taken place. No mail had been received from
Palermo of a later date than that of Garibaldi's

landing.
"'There was no fear of British interests suffering
from a rising of the population in favour of Gari-
baldi, the inhabitants being a well-disposed class,
and not given to pillage.
" At Marsala I was informed that Garibaldi had
left that place on the morning of the 12th, with
1,800 of his own men, each armed with a breech-
loading rifle and a revolver, four field-pieces, plenty,
of ammunition, and spare arms; about 150 volun-
teers had been raised in Marsala.

" He arrived at Salemi, six miles distant, yester-
day, having been joined on his march by several
bands of men from the country. There were no
towns on his line of march ; but he had been well
received by the inhabitants of Salemi, and it is sup-
posed that he intends to go on to Palermo for the
purpose of organising the men now in arms round
that city. _ _ _

" There are several towns on his road to Palermo
which, it is expected, will all declare in his favour
as he proceeds, and that he will be joined by a large
number of volunteers from each. As yet none of
his emissaries have arrived at Girgenti, but he sent
a telegraphic message to Messina immediately he
landed, and then caused the wires to be cut,
destroying the semaphore at the same time.

"All the roads round Marsala are closed as re-
gards mail communication, and it was reported that
the gates of Trapani were shut, and no intercourse
allowed with the country. The felons in the gaol at
Marsala had been again released under the idea that
they were political prisoners.
" Both at Girgenti and Marsala every one seemed
to be of opinion that, as soon as the news of Gari-
baldi's landing should be known throughout Sicily,
every Sicilian would declare in his favour.
" His original force appears to have been com-
posed of a very superior class of men, consisting of
Venetians, students from Padua, some Piedmontese,
and some Sicilian refugees—Colonel Lamasa (who
was reported to have landed at Cephala) being
among the number ; and I am told, on very good
authority, that no landing has as yet taken place
on any other part of the island, but I cannot dis-
cover if any is expected.
" I have, &c.,
" C. M. AYNSLEY."

(Enclosure 4 in No. 2.)
" COMMANDER MARRYAT TO VICE-ADMIRAL SIR A.

FANSILAWE.

" (Extract.) " Intrepid, Malta, May 14.
"In compliance with your directions to me to re-
port fully upon the landing of an armed force at
Marsala on the 11th inst., I have the honour to lay
before you the following information.
" As it may be necessary to account for two Eng-
lish vessels of war being at Marsala at the time of
the occurrence, I must request your attention to the
movements of the Intrepid and Argus during the
two previous days (viz., 9th and 10th.)
"On the 9th her Majesty's ship Scylla relieved
the Intrepid at Messina, Captain Lambert giving
me orders to proceed to Palermo, where I should
receive further instructions from Captain Cochrane,
of her Majesty's ship Amphion.
" I arrived at Palermo early on the 10th, and
found the Argus and Amphion there, the former
vessel being moored inside the Mole.
" In consequence of orders from Capt. Cochrane,
the Argus and Intrepid left the port about 9 p.m.
the same evening.
" I was to proceed in the Intrepid to Trapani,
Marsala, and Girgenti, ascertain the state of these
places, anal bring you the latest information direct
to Malta,

" Commander Ingrain was to go to Marsala and
inquire into the alleged grievances of some British
subjects, who had been disarmed there by order of
the General commanding in the district, and who
considered they had not sufficient protection for
their property in the event of any of the numerous
bands of robbers supposed to be in the country
making a descent upon their wine stores. He was
to use his own discretion as to remaining there for
two or three days, or returning to Palermo directly.
" To carry out these orders, as I have mentioned
above, both vessels left Palermo about 9 p.m. on the
10th. The Intrepid called in at Trapani, and I com-
municated with her Britannic Majesty's Consul

a The one which had grounded, however, having
to land all her men in boats, had not succeeded in
getting more than one-fourth out of the:ship when
the Neapolitan came within easy range of his guns;
his bulw;krks were down and guns laid, and we
watched some curiosity to see the result of his firing.
" Before this I had advised the owners of two or
three English schooners to get their vessels out of
the port,, as they seemed to me to run it risk of
being hit ; but, the wind being dead in, they could
not be removed; consequently they had to take their
chance.
" The Neapolitan, however, instead of opening
fire, lowered a boat and sent it towards the Sardi-
nians; but when half the distance between the two
ships had been traversed, the officer suddenly
turned his boat round, and pulled back to his own
vessel as fast as he could.

" We now made sure the firing would commence,
but we were surprised to see him paddling out
towards the Tntrepid, instead of frustrating at once
the further landing of the expedition. The com-
manding officer of the Intrepid states that he was
hailed by the commander of the Neapolitan and
asked if there were any English troops on shore.
The reply he received was, No; the commanders
of the two English men. of-war are on shore, and
two or three officers.' Shortly afterwards an officer
came on board and asked for me, and seemed anxi-
ous to know when I should return. A boat had,
however, been sent to me before his arrival, and. I
had sent an officer into the town to recall every one
to their ships. By this time all of the expeditibn
had landed (4 o'clock), and he then began to open
fire.

" Commander Ingram, Mr. Cossins, and myself,
now went on board to see the commander of the
Neapolitan. He informed us that large bodies of
armed men had landed, and that he was obliged to
fire on them, to which not the slightest objection
was made, and nothing more passed than a request
from us that he would respect the English flag
wherever he saw it flying, which he faithfully pro-
mised to do. While we were on board he continued
his firing, and even offered a kind of apology for
the shot going so low; but he said he did not wish
to fire into the town, only on the armed men march-
ing from the mole to the city gate.
" As we left the steamer the frigate arrived under
sail, and fired a useless broadside ; but before they
could reload the guns, the new arrivals were safely
inside the walled town of Marsala.

" On my return to the Intrepid, I found an officer
from the other Neapolitan steamer on board. He
had come to ask me to send a boat to the Sardinian
vessels with him to get them to surrender. This I
declined t o do, as it was very evident that the use
of our flag Ras only required to ascertain whether
they were deserted or not. In the former case they
would come to a knowledge of the fact withoct
running the risk of any injury to themselves ; in
the lattor, they would have had the benefit of it to
assist them morally in enforcing a surrender.
" A short time after my refusal boats manned
and armed were sent in, and the vessels bein,, to-
tally abandoned were taken possession of and the
Sardinian colours hauled down.

"While this was going on I got under weigh to
bring you the information, as I calculated I could
reach Malta in time to allow you to forward the
intelligence to England by Saturday's mail.
"Before I left Commander Ingram had shifted
the Argus to the anchorage of the Intrepid, in
order to communicate more easily with the shore
and protect British interests.

"The whole of the above I was an eye-witness of
and an actor in.

It is hardly necessary for me to add, that the
report current in Naples, as conveyed to you by
telegram from her Majesty's Minister, is entirely
without foundation. To say that it is mischievous
is too mild a term, as it brings a false accusation
against the commanders of two English vessels of
war who happened to be there by the merest
chance at the time of this occurrence, and who
were as much astonished at it as people never
dreaming of such a thing could be.
" I may, however, be allowed, under the circum-
stances, to offer you an opinion on some of the facts
of the case.

" So impressed was I with the idea that the com-
mander of the Neapolitan steamer would open fire
an hour before he did that I advised the removal
of English vessels out of the port.
" It was in his power to place his steamers within
200 or 300 yards of the Sardinian aground, and
in such a position that every shot fired by him
would have raked her from stem to stern, while
the deck was crowded with men. He also would
probably have exploded the boilers, and no one can
say what havoc would have been committed.

On the other hand, nothing but indecision
and indiscretion were visible, that is, if it was his
object to prevent a landing.
" I have been at a loss to account for the ques-
tion whether there were any English troops on
shore. It may have been that the red shirts or
coats on some of the landing party misled
the Neapolitans ; but still, as the Sardinian
steamers had their coitus flying, one cannot ima-
gine they supposed English troops to come from
on board them.
" The following is a statement of the officers
belonging to the Intrepid, who were on shore at
the time of this affair :
" While pulling in to the landing-place they
observed two steamers coming in from the north-
west. When entering the town they saw several
people on the walls, among whom were women and
children, all looking to seaward, but they took
hardly any notice of them at the time.
" After visiting the churches and other parts of
the town, as they were passing through the main
street their attention was drawn to a large con-
coursepeople
were crowdse of
manypeople
bataythoneeptsriwnceirpelevisiblegate,. The and beyond
va
shoutingere
demonstration
but went into a café close to, imagining the arms
and they tookjoin
them,it for
they
wrhanditeseseinttbineglobngereed, to
first
toltitahig that called
forth forth am remark was a man in peasant's costume,
keeping• guard the other side of the street, and
several bodies ofemeanpsppassing
ya officers,na
at intervals along the
o
revoltvheerns, entered
and
it
tliad.
beinge
cafe
armed
Soimceed mth withn
at they spoke Italian, the idea oe-
r
curred that they were others than
Neapolitans,
particulraly as one of them had an English Cri-
mean, and several the Sardinian Crimean medal.
In consequence of this inquiries were made, and
they then ascertained a landing had been effected,
on which they thought it advisable to leave the town
and go to the Consul's house; but on arriving at
the gate they were stopped by an officer in Sardi-
nian uniform, who informed them they could not
pass 'without an order from General Garibaldi, who
was at the other gate ; accordingly they went there
and got permission through an officer who spoke to
an elderly man seated on a chair with a red gar-
ment on, and a wide-awake hat containing a feather
and tricolour cockade.
" The officers then left the town and came on
board, directly they were met by the officer telling
them to do so.
" It is their opinion that 2,000 men lawied from
the steamers, but this number may possibly be
lessened.
" The men were all well armed and tine-looking
fellows, many having medals, among w biciA were a
. few English Crimean ones."

this principle in its irresistible course" has left the
complications of Italy far from a settlement ; that
it was the cause of the Hungarian insurrection
in 1848-49 ; and that, "though suppressed by the in-
tervention of 100,000 Russians, whom NICHOLAS I.
sent to the aid of his brother of Austria, the struggle
revives in the movement, so unanimous, so peack-
ful, and yet so firm, of which Hungary for eight or
nine months past has offered the splendid spectacle."
The pamphlet then adverts to the way in which
Hungary first became an object of interest to
Europe in the struggle of 1848 ; to the comparative
forgetfulness of her since that time; to the re-
awakening of general attention when at the time
of the battle of Solferino she was seen to be ready
to take her part in the struggle for national rights in
Italy; and to the interest with which all Europe has
been watching her firm attitude towards the Empe-
ror of AUSTRIA and his German officials, since the
issue of the delusive patent for the Protestants of
last September. It is remarked with truth that,
" From the very beginning of the great movement
which now agitates the Hungarian nation the press
of Germany, Italy, France, and England sympa-
thised with it. That sympathy has gradually ex-
tended to the public, and in the most important of
all the deliberative assemblies of Europe—in the
English Parliament—the name of Hungary has
been heard. At this moment there, perhaps, is not
a single journal which does not acknowledge the
gravity of the Hungarian manifestations, nor a
statesman who does not take a deep interest in
hem."

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter-
ton. Directress, Miss Wyndham. The nearest Theatre to
Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to
Carriages and foot passengers all hours of the night.
THIS EVENING the performances will commence with
a new and original comedy, entitled A FRIEND IN NEED.
F Robinson, C. Young, &c.
To be iollow.:d by DIDO.

Most stinging of all to Austria, because specially
appropriate to her, must be the description of her
" iron and clay " composition, and her uselessness
as a barrier against the great power which threatens
Europe from the North. " Diplomacy has long
endeavoured to legitimise on international grounds
the existence of that agglomeration of countries and
nationalities, brought together by chance and re-
tained by force, which is called the Empire of the
Hapsburg; diplomacy has raised Austria to the rank
of a necessity for the balance of power,by proclaiming

After which, A CHANGE OF SYSTEM.
Reduced Prices—Gallery, 6d ; Pit, is. The Box-aloe open
from 11 to 6 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform
ance commences at 7.

A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
'Proprietor, Mr. Wal. BATTY.
Thirty-seventh Night of the GREAT MILITARY SPEC-
TACLE. In compliance with numerous inquiries at the Box
Office, the Management has arranged to give Four Grand
Mid-day Performances during the Whitsun Holidays, viz.
on Whit-Monday, May 28th, Tuesday, 2kh, Thursday, 31st,
and Saturday, .June 2d. The Entertainments will consist of
a Recherche Display of Equestrian I'erformances and a
Light pleasing Dramatic Piece; commencing each day at
Two o'Clock.

t the barrier of Western and Eastern Europe against

the dangers which threaten both fro:n the North.
The events of 1854 and 1855 must have convinced

THIS EVENING,
The Grand Hippo Drama. " THE HISTORY or A FLAG."
Wondrous Scenes in the Cirque, supported by the most
talented Equestrian and Gymnastic Artistes in the World.
Concluding with a Laughable Farce.
The magnificent Chan eliers manufactured by Messrs. De-
tries and Sons, Houndsditch.
Poo: s open at half-past 6, performance commence at 7.
Boa -office open daily from 11 till 4.
Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST.

the least perspicacious of diplomatists that 'Western
Europe may safely rely on its own strength, and
that, in any case, Europe cannot leave her defence
to Austria, a Power unable to maintain herself.
The famous barrier is visibly crumbling away,
being attacked at the summit by corruption, and
sapped at the base by the implacable hatred of the
peoples, upon which it weighs with all the inert-
ness of a dead body.
The grand question is, Can Austria unlearn her
despotic habits? Can she give up her bureau-
cracy, her centralisation, her concordat ? We
mean of course, Can Hapsburgs do this ? Are they
not, like the Bourbons, the victims of a blind bigo-
try, both in religion and statesmanship, which
will not permit them to understand progress, facts,
events, and consequences, till they are crushed by
them. Nothing would be easier, we imagine, than
to content the " agglomeration of countries and
nationalities" and to unite them, federally, under
the Imperial Crown. But, that would require that
Hapsburgs should govern with andjor these nations,
and not for the exaltation of their own trumpery
German Archduchy, by crushing all the na-
tionalities into one heterogenous mass whereon
to place their German throne. Could a
Hapsburg but feel and evince a sincere pleasure in
developing the energies of all the countries now
almost reduced to the corpses of nations beneath her
fatal sway, in accordance with their constitutions,
laws, and habits, probably they would all soon re-
joice in a supreme head, which could be a means of
healthful, amicable co-operation between them all,
and which could unite them in defence, when re-
quired, against a common foe. Probably this is an
impossibility to the Hapsburg mind.
If it be, we may almost hope with the writer of
the pamphlet, that the hour of Hungary's becom-
ing an independent nation is fast approaching—
that Europe will now regard her with very diffe-
rent sentiments to those of 1848. She was then
seen to be more than a match for Austria. The
latter could not crush her without the aid of the
200,000 Cossack sal-ages of the savage N'tcnoLAs ;
since then, though so brutally used by theHapsburgs,
she has shown that national life is still vigorous—
insuppressible—in her. " Hungary, therefore, for
the Hungarians," is the logical sequence of" Italy
for the Italians." The CzAit will not expose
himself to another base piece of ingratitude—
Prussia cannot be blind to her interests in
Germany, and England and France both
sympathise altogether with Hungarian inde-
pendence, except perhaps a few of the traditional
Tories, who, we may hope, will, for the sake of
" the nationalities," not just yet take charge of the
Foreign-office. The writer, whose views we have
been referring to, evidently sees things much in
this light, and in all probability he used the spec-
tacles of a greater author. The very recent con-
cessions of Austria to the Protestants by which
several of the Hungarians have just been induced
to enter the new Imperial Council, can hardly be
regarded as an alteration of policy. They are but
a bribe extorted by necessity for a temporary
object.

CANTERBURY HALL
THIS EVENING.
C. H. GOUNOD'S OPERA,
FAUST.
First Time in this Country.
Faust Mr. Henry Herbert.
Mephistopheles Mr. C. Bernard.
Siobel Mrs. Anderson.
Marguerite a— Miss Russell.
Conductor Mr. Jonghmans.
And selections from
Dinorah, Trovatore, Macbeth, and numerous other
Entertainments.
Balcony, ls , Hall. 6d.
•
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come
Wan and Mimic), and W. T. Critchfleld.
The AFRICAN OPERA T ItOUPE, their first appearance
since 1852, consisting of ELEVEN STAR PERFOrtMERS,
who will give the whole of their inimitable entertainment
every evening.
The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening.

CONCERTS.-

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, MAY 2.5, MO.

THERMOMETER, TN THE SHADE.
72—highest since noon yesterday.
n2—lowest this morning and during the night.
64—this day at noon. _ _

BAROMETER-29.98.
Winn--South-Westerly; light, with dull, cloudy
weather, inclining to rain.

lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS Darr.—horning, 4h. 41m.—Afternoon, sh. 3m.
TO-IWORROw.-Morning, sh. 27m.—Afternoon, sh. 53m

.039,
C../ I • A tkoz,
‘*,
~.+rii:. b
•••

THE SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, MAY 25, 1860.

Another Rifled Pamphlet—another fearful dis-
charge from the masked battery of the Tuileries,
the Imperial gunn'er himself being invisible. Such,
at least, will, be supposed to be the case when
former pamphlets have hit so successfully the bull's-
eye of the target at which the EMPEROR aimed,
although not acknowledged by their chief author,
or even, professedly, discountenanced. The new
brochure, " Hungary and the European Crisis,"
will certainly be classed with its very effective
predecessors, published for the benefit of Italy,
the Porn, and Austria ; and it will certainly not
create less wrath at Vienna, and at some other
petty Courts of Europe. We should have ima-
gined it could not be very acceptable to the CZAR
himself, especially as another pamphlet, " the
truth about Russia," has appeared in Paris, of
which, however, the author, Prince PIERRE DOL-
GOROUNOFF, distinctly avows himself. It exposes
mercilessly the character of Russian civilisation ;
but the Government politely requests the papers
not to quote from it. Russia and France are just
now, for purposes of present convenience, very
friendly ; yet it is convenient for Louis NAPOLEON
to show that he can, if he chooses, annoy his ally
in the forum of the public opinion of Europe. The
Prince's pamphlet is, therefore, probabPy not unac•
ceptable, though termed by authority " obnoxious."
What, however, will the Czar, as well as the
:Emperor of Austria, who is directly attacked, and
,what will all the petty despots of Germany say to
• such remarks as these :—" Europe is now in the
midst of a serious crisis. From one end to the
other disorganisation and reorganisation are pro-
ceeding simultaneously. Her old constitutive
principles are each in their turn devoured by the
spirit of the age. Ihe pretended Divine right of
monarchs is giving place to the natural and
imprescriptible rights of nations ; the equilibrium
of States remains overthrown, while the har-
mony of nationalities is constituting itself. the
great struggle between the dynastic and popular
elements has now been in progress for 70 years.
Europe, thirsting after peace and for ever harassed
with war, will enjoy no sound repose, no certain
future, until the victory is secured, not here and
there, but everywhere at once, to the rights of
nations over the sovereignty of monarchs."

Time was when the Thames as the Silent High-
way was to Londoners the grand channel of inter-
communication. Then, indeed, as the old nautical
song goes, "fine City ladies" (remembering that
we-are writing of and in Cockneydom, we might
even say—wherry " fine City ladies") could find it
in their hearts to patronise in lieu of our modern
cabby some Jolly Young Waterman. Among those
watermen of the river Thames there was actually,
moreover, once upon a time a poet—a sort of am-
phibious laureate—" TAYLOR the Water-Poet," as
he still lives by name and fame in the annals of
our national literature. Not—(we would remind
any temperance advocate who might be disposed
to regard him as an anticipatory teetotal ballad-
monger)—not a milk-and-water poet, but TAYLOR
the " Water-Poet," the lyric glorifier in verse that
yet lives of Old Father Thames in his cleanlier and
more unsophisticated days, before he had under-
taken all the dirty work devolving upon the great
City Scavenger. Imagine for a moment the
Thames as it is—having any longer a laureate !
When SHELLEY loitered upon its banks, and
floated in his shallop upon its surface while com-
posing the most elaborated and ambitious of all his
poetical works, " The Revolt of Islam"—it was far
away from the reeking smoke and noisome exuda-
tions of London and Westminster, among the rush-
grown margins and the reedy eddies of the river as
4111.K:es Marlov,-. When -Wor,DswonTrr wrote his
noble sonnet upon Waterloo-bridge, be took care
to do so under the darkness of midnight. When
HOOD drew forth such ineffable pathos from
that same broad current of the Thames—vide " The
Bridge of Sighs"—he did so we all remember with
a shudder :

This, we may assume, is the startling " idea"
which the Emperor of FRANCE deems the
appropriate one for the hour—one for which
France went to -war in Italy, and one which,
wherever it is successfully embodied in ac-
tion, will be made to contribute some Savoy
and Nice to the natural requirements of French
ambition. It will be so in Southern Italy if " the
rights of nations," there, get the victory over the
sovereignty of monarchs." It will be so in
gary and the East, if the rights of Magyars, Selaves,
Croats, Dalmatians, get the victory over the
very artificial sovereignty of the HAPSBURGS.
fu:igary, like Lombardy, may be the basis for a
very good "idea," but in the working out the idea,
a very- handsome material toll will be most cer-
The passage quoted above utters
tainly exacted.
undoubted truth, but it might have been written
by r. KOSSUTH. It is also certain enough, as the
author remarks, that the Italian war did spring
from the principle hefie6oribe6.; that the " arrest of

" Picture it, think of it,
Dissolute man,
Lave in it, drink of it,
Then if you can."

Apart from this pathos associatz:d with the River
of so many Suicides, there is that other thrill of

loathing over the stream (whether for " laving" or
" drinking" purposes) which is inseparable from the
remembrance of its many secret abominations.
And all this filth, this wide open sewer, ebbing and
flowing perpetually through the whole capital from
Battersea down to the Towers of SULIIIS, diffusing
its odious, and even at midsummer pestilential
vapours, on one hand into Surrey, on the other into
Middlesex, washing and weltering, and lapping
between the crowded dwellings of a metropolis
peopled with from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000—all this
foul and turbid deposit is continually from year to
year, from month to month, from day to day, accu-
mulating. The evil we have all been complaining
about for so long a period upon the occasion of
every returning midsummer, will be worse in the
deg days of 1860, than it was in the dog days of
1859, as the evil then was worse than in 1858, and
in 1858 than it was in 1857. That it should be so
stands to reason. While the drainage of the
capital is for the most part emptied into the river
Thames the population is ever and ever increasing
—and increasing too, if we may so express it, in-
creasingly. A system of Dirty Cleanliness, this,
as it has been happily called, that has continued in
operation now for so long a period that it is fast
attaining a magnitude that threatens (in one sense
happily) to be no longer endurable. The House of
Commons will be tired out at last to very nausea of
having to disinfect the atmosphere floating through
the open doors and windows by curtains
saturated with chloride of lime. It will re-
solve at last in veritable earnest to exorcise
that demon of the Thames, who with as
loathsome an alliteration of evil influence as

LATEST

.N E W S.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, MAY 24.

The Patrie of this evening, after giving the
Neapolitan despatch announcing the defeat of
Garibaldi, says :

" A second despatch states that Garibaldi is said
to have attacked the Royal troops, who were
strongly intrenched, and to have completely beaten
them. According to the same despatch this com-
bat would lead to the immediate evacuation by the
Royal troops of Palermo, Messina, Trapani, Catanea,
and Syracuse."

the "bug with gilded wings," in POPE'S Satire,
" stinks and stings" in our nostrils beyond the
power of further endurance. The folly of onr
remedial measures hitherto has consisted in this—
that we have been simply endeavouring to amelio-
rate the eject, instead of striving vigorbusly to
diminish, if not even eventually and entirely, to
remove the cause of all those incalculable abomi-
nations. No wonder the Thames is no longer the
Silent Highway. No wonder the trade of the
waterman has gone out. No wonder the Lord
Mayor of London no more has heart, or for that
matter stomach either, for "taking water," in his
gilt barge, and in making his way on the ninth of
November up to Westminster. The barge (alas
for the glory of Gog and Magog) has been sold, as
a bauble of no further use or value, even as a
floating ornament. The Silent High way is no

better nowadays, in fact, than the dirty backway

The Opinion Nationale publishes the following
despatch, dated Alessina, 22d inst:—
" There is great panic among the authorities.
The inhabitants are joining Garibaldi in crowds.
Great numbers of strangers are quitting the towns.
The soldiers have taken refuge in the forts."

MARSEILLES, MAr 25.

Adviees from Messina to the 21st inst. state that
on the 20th inst., 46 Neapolitan deserters were
fired at, while passing to the insurgents. .

Two considerable disembarkations of volunteers
had taken place at San Stefanano de Camestra to
the right, and at Santo Veto to the left of Palermo.
The rising at Messina had not yet taken place.
It was expected that Palermo would soon sur-
render.

into London ; instead of being as it once was,
as it ought to be, and as it may yet again be in
some happy future time, the noblest approach to
our vast metropolis, and its much frequented and
picturesque and beautiful thoroughfare. What
Londoner, amongst us all—wishing to impress a
foreigner, or a country cousin, with the beauty or
the splendour of our capital—would dream of
bringing either for the first time into it by way of
the Thames above bridges ? Coming by steam-
boat, we should certainly go ashore to the east of
London-bridge, under the shadows of the Tower,
and the Custom-house, and the Monument. Coming
by railway, say from Dover, we should carefully
cross to the Middlesex side, over London-bridge,
and so advance by Cheapside westwards. We should
certainly take every precaution to prevent either
foreigner, or country cousin, from entering London
between those reeking mud-banks, those hideous,
blackened, littered wharves, back yards and out-
houses disfiguring both sides of the Thames almost
uninterruptedly from Billingsgate and the Borough
up to Battersea, Yet, had we but the drainage of Lon-
don diverted carefully from the Thames, instead of
being directed carefully into it—had we, as we
might easily have, even now, the two sides of the
river beautified with terraced embankments—that
river approach would be the grandest of all ap-
proaches, the noblest of all thoroughfares—again,
what it was of yore in a wholesomer time, The
Silent Highway, winding broadly, gloriously on-
wards through the heart of London and West-
minster. What it was of yore, do we say ? Nay,
far grander, nobler, more beautiful than it ever was
of yore—with those magnificent bridges spanning
it—down, as it were, at the sea-gate of London, at
Southwark, at Blackfriars, at Hungerford, at West-
minster, at Battersea, and prominent among them
all for its symmetry, that superb -Waterloo-bridge,
which provoked the envy almost of CANOVA,
certainly eliciting from that great sculptor his
cordial and unstinted admiration. Talk of metro-
politan improvements ! Here is the improvement of
improvements, and immeasureably the best upon
which we could by possibility adventure. Let us
complete the main drainage of the capital, divert-
ing it altogether from the river; let us thereby
enable the river as it is to thoroughly purify itself;
let us at the same time raise upon the Surrey side
and upon the Middlesex side those long-talked-of
Thames Embankments—and by doing this we shall
be rendering this huge and populous city more
salubrious than it has been for many generations,
at the same time that we shall be most effectually
carrying cut the work of its advancement. There
is no possible reason why these long-proposed
Thames Embankments, properly paved, properly
lighted with gas-lamps, and properly planted with
trees (that thrive in some parts of London as ver-
dantly as any bit of rus in urbe anywhere discover-
able), there is no reason in the world why,, all this
being done (and remember all this is perfectly
practicable), no reason, we say, whatever why the
Thames qabankment should not in every respect
surpass 'the noblest and the loveliest of the Parisian
Boulevards.

A proclamation by the Committee of Palermo
has been posted up in all parts of that town, an-
nouncing the victorious march of Garibaldi, and
that Sicily would soon become independent. It
also added, "Even the Neapolitan police are com-
mencing to desert their masters." And terminated
with " Viva it Be Emanuel !" " Viva Garibaldi !"

PARIS, MAY 25.

The Constigutionnel of to-day denies that it is in•
tended to submit the free schools to the prelimi
nary authorisation of the Government.

VIENNA, MAY 25.

The Chamber of Advocates has petitioned the
Ministry of Justice for the re-establishment of the
Criminal Process Law of 1850, with or without a
jury, and for the introduction of verbal public civil
process.

VIENNA, MAY 25.

The proposals made by Russia to the other great
Powers, for an inquiry into the real condition of
the Christians in Turkey, occasions a frequent ex-
change of opinions between France and the other
great Powers.
M. Thouvenel has declared to the Austrian Am-
bassador that the Cabinet of the Tuileries has seen
with regret that Russia has prematurely brought
forward the Oriental question ; but, as this ques-
tion has been officially put forward, France con-
siders that she acts in conformity with the interests
of Europe by associating herself with the proposal
of Russia, as otherwise a pretence would be
given to that Power to assume the exclusive pro-
tectorate of the Christian subjects of the Sultan.
P.Z. Thouvenel adds that during his Embassy at
Constantinople he became convinced that the
Hatti-Humayoum of 1856 will long remain a dead
letter unless the Porte changes its system of govern-
ment.

Without recognising the urgency of the inquiry
proposed by Russia, France is disposed to acknow-
ledge its principle, and she invites the other great
Powers to do the same, leaving, however, to their
agents in the East to ascertain the exactitude of
the facts which have been brought forward by
Prince Gortschakoff.

Counts Antoine Szecheny and Andrassy and a
Hungarian prelate are spoken of as having been
chosen by Government to replace the three Hun-
garians who declined their appointments to the
Council of the Empire.

They are also said to have formally consented to

their nomination.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Mt 16,

The Marquis de Lavalette on passing through
Athens was received with great distinction. A
banquet was given in his honour by the Court.
The Sultan has transmitted a complimentary
message to the Marquis de Lavalette. Everybody
is impressed with the importance of his mission,
and is awaiting his course of action, and the speech
which, it is said, he will address to the Sultan.
The Porte has deferred replying to the Servians
until after having consulted with the Powers.

England, it is said, persists in her opposition to
the hereditary rights of Prince Milosch.

Omar Pacha is expected to arrive at Constan-
tinople on Saturday next. It is said that he will
be commissioned to repress the agitation among the
Sclavonic population.

The Sultan has received the decoration of the
Order of King Leopold at a private audience, but
his Majesty is said to be seriously suffering from
an intermittent gastric fever.

GARIBALI)I'S EXPEDITION..
The Paris correspondent of the Times (Second
Edition), in his letter, dated May 24, says :
"We have to-day two sets of telegrams, suited,
with nice impartiality, to the taste of friends and
the enemies of the Sicilian insurrection. One is (as
you will perhaps have learnt by this) to the effect
that the Neapolitan troops have gained a great ad-
vantage close to Palermo : the other of quite an
opposite character, viz.—that Garibaldi's soldiers
have again beaten the Royalists. The news of the
Neapolitan triumph is from the Neapolitan Govern-
ment ; that in favour of the Garibaldians conies from
Turin or Genoa. The Neapolitan Government is
known for its total disregard of truth and for the fa-
cility with which it fabricates. The others are per-
haps not impeccable : but the French Government,
which ought to know something of the real state of
affairs, is silent; and it is worthy of notice that the
dispensers of telegraphic news here have been more
than once prevented from giving to the public what
was favourable to the Sicilians. It is said that its
Minister at Naples transmits with impartiality the
news given him by M, Carafa, as well as that from
the Sardinian Minister at Naples, the Marquis of
Villamarina, and which is invariably conflicting,
leaving it to accept and credit which of the two it
pleases. In the meantime few give credit to Neapo-
litan versions of events in Sicily. In this state we
must be content to abide till some decisive blow on
eithe► side makes it impossible any longer to dis-
guise the truth,"

Baron Rauch and Mr. Berna have arrived a
Fenton's Hotel, from Germany.

His Excellency the Minister for the Netherlands
is suffering from a severe attack of influenza.
Baron and Baroness Gunzbourg and family have
arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn•street, from St.
Petersburg.

The Countess Cowper entertained at dinner, on
Wednesday last, the Marquis and Marchioness of Clanri-
carde, Captain F. Egerton, the Marquis of Hartington,
Hon. F. Byng, Count Pahlen, Mr. A. Russell, the Earl
Cowper, Lord Boyle, Lord Dunmore, Lady Marian Alford,
Hon. Henry Cowper, the Marchioness of Abercorn, Lady
Georgina Hamilton, &c.
The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield entertained
their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess Edward
of Saxe-Weimar, the Earl of Coventry, thelEarl of Wilton
and Lady Katharine Grey Egerton, Lord and Lady
Forester, the Right Hon. Cecil Weld Forester, Hon. Sey-
mour Egerton, Mr. C. Greville, and a select party, at
dinner, on Wednesday, at their residence in Giosvenor-
street.

Prince Alfred is every inch a sailor; as full of
mischief and fun as any middy in her Majesty's service,
and vastly popular among his companions, who although
picked lads, are none the less sad pickles. Boys will fight,
and ~:ne clay Prince Alfred had a turn up with young Gor-
don, and got a regular thrashing. Some one carried the
news to Captain Tarleton. " Don't bother me with such
nonsense," said he ; if I listen to these tales I shall have
enough to do. If the Prince can't keep a civil tongue in
his head, the sooner he is taught to do so the better."—
:Fly mouth ,1 oetrnal.
Sir Robert and Lady Easily Peel received at
dinner last evening, at their residence in Whitehall-gardens,
the following circle :—Prince Dolgorousk, his Excellency
the Saxon Minister, Count Wimpffen, Maria Marchioness
of Ailesbury, Lord and Lady Lyndhurst, and Hon. Miss
Copley, Lady Truro, Lord Dufferin, the Right Hon. C. P.
Villiers, the Hon. A. Kinnaird, M. and Lady Margaret
Beaumont, &c.
Colonel and Mrs. Knevett arrived at the Pavilion
Hotel, Folkestone, on Wednesday, and loft on the follow-
ing day for Paris.

Sicily.

We have received a copy of the Mrlta Times of
the 18th inst. It contains some interesting details
of the advance of Garibaldi, though no later intelli-
gence than that which has already appeared :

"May 13.

" We have received letters from Marsala to the
16th ofi May, giving accounts of Garibaldi's pro•
gress in SEcily, the extraordinary excitement the
news of his landing had created in Palermo, and
other interesting miscellaneous intelligence respect-
ing the course of events in that island. Our cor-
respondent also forwarded us two proclamations
picked up at Marsala, of Garibaldi, who has adopted
the title of Commander-in-Chief of the National

THE' :SUN,' LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MAY 25, 1860,

Force in Sicily.' The following are extracts from
our correspondence :

" Marsala, May 16.

" Events are crowding upon us. Yesterday, the
15th of May, Garibaldi, joined by large numbers of
well armed mountaineers and people from the neigh-
bouring towns, left Salemi for Calata Fimi. It is
said that a considerable Neapolitan force is stationed
at Alcamo, which, however, cannot be so large, but
that he will unhesitatingly attack it, and no doubt
with his usual good fortune. _

" The Argus, just in from Palermo, brings the
news that matters were in an extraordinary ex-
cited state there. The 10th Regiment had mutinied
against their officers, and had been in consequence
sent off to Naples. The Royalists were walling up
the gates of the town, and raising up strong earth-
works on the land side. All the women and child-
ren of the officers and soldiers had been sent off to
Naples. Two regiments of foreign recruits had
arrived from Naples ; and it is thought they will be
the only men that will think of standing a brush
with Garibaldi. A general panic was beginning to
show itself among the troops.

" i P.S.—The Neapolitans have not been able to

get off the Sardinian steamer. A frigate and a
steamer that came yesterday for the purpose, caused
a great panic in town, and all the inhabitants
crowded out towards the harbour to know if
their intent was wicked or charitable.' This de-
monstration seemed to produce a counter panic in
the brave Neapolitans, who appeared very shy
about coming near land, and in fact they had
scarcely any communication with the shore.
" ' Trapani is in a most rigorous state of siege."
" Another letter says :

of the affirmation." The same letter adds :—" We
were well pleased this morning by the arrival of
the French steamer Descartes, followed by a ship
of the line, which is signalled as in sight. Our
situation at Naples is extremely grave. The popu-
lace are beginning to be agitated, and as we may
at any moment see the city a prey to excesses, we
are happy to see foreign vessels of war arrive.
England has at present two ships of the line and
two steamers in the Bay of Naples."

The general plan of Garibaldi's movement ap•
pears to have been modified ; as he is now direct-
ing all his efforts and resources towards Sicily
alone, in order to make that island, if he should
succeed in becoming master of it, the basis of sub-
sequent operations against the kingdom of Naples.
All volunteers are, until further orders, to be
directed by small detachments towards Sicily ;
they will, it is arranged, land at points previously
fixed on, and thence proceed to head-quarters,
where they will be formed into companies and bat-
talions. If success crowns Garibaldi's efforts, he
hopes, the latest accounts from his friends state, to
organise a formidable expedition, make a descent
on Calabria, raise the country, and extend the in-
surrectionary movement from the south to the
north of the kingdom. The Neapolitan Govern-
ment appears to understand the great importance
of energetically defending Sicily, Six squadrons
are to be charged with the guard of the coast, and
they will be composed of about 50 vessels of war of
all sizes. The superior command has been confided
to. Count d'Aquila, the King's uncle, who has the
direction of the fleet and of the naval affairs of the
kingdom. A telegram has arrived in Brussels, an-
nouncing that Garibaldi has entered Palermo at
the head of 9,000 men. This fact, if confirmed,
would prove that the soldiers of Garibaldi are ani-
mated with extraordinary ardour, as 9,000 men
will have taken a strong town defended by an
army estimated at 15,000,

" Marsala, May 12.

" You will no doubt have heard by the arrival
of the Intrepid of the extraordinary event which
happened here yesterday, and which still looks
more like a dream than a reality—namely, the
landing in this harbour of Garibaldi with a band
of about 1,500 as fine looking fellows as you can
well imagine from two Sardinian steamers. The
landing was effected in gallant style, and with
most extraordinary celerity and order, and part of
the time under the guns of a Neapolitan frigate
and two steamers. One of the Sardinian vessels
was run aground and scuttled by themselves in the
harbour, and the other was taken outside by the
Neapolitans ; but after the landing had been fully
effected. I believe the brave adventurers did not
Lose a man—only two or three wounded. We
were all in a state of alarm during the firing, as the
shot and shell from the frigate went flying about in
a most awkward manner—some into the town,
some into Woodhouse's stores, some into Wood's
baglio (factory), and one actually over our heads
here on the baglio terrace, which fell into the sea
beyond the Salinella. Our_ Vice-Consul, with
the Captains of the Intrepid and Argus
(both here fortunately for us at the time),
went on board the frigate during the
firing to inquire into the meaning of their
missiles so capriciously injuring our factories, on
each of which the English flag was flying, and to
inculcate more caution and accuracy in their opera-
tions. The Neapolitan Commanders, wisely consi-
ding that it was their duty to expend a certain
quantity of powder and shot on such an important
occasion, gave the town the benefit of the residiary
dose, after the enemy was snug within the walls,
and laughing at this exhibition of impotent rage.
It was, however, no laughing matter to the poor
inhabitants, who, not accustomed to such pheno-
mena, took to flight in all directions to avoid the
effects of the shell, which did considerable damage
about the Porta di Mare and the Grazia Vecchia,
but fortunately without loss of life, as many families
were in the country for their spring trip. A con-
siderable number, high and low flocked under the
protection of our flag here, and the old baglio•is as
crowded as Noah's Ark, only the animals are all
human.

""rhis morning the whole of Garibaldi's party
set off for Salemi, reinforced by a good many Mar-
salese volunteers, and well provided with horses for
the officers, carts for their spare arms and ammu-
nition, and mules for the field-pieces they brought
with them. Everything was managed with admi-
rable order, and apparently to the satisfaction of
General Garibaldi; though uti,der the effect of the
bombardment from the Neapolitan vessels the poor
Marsalese did not show an enthusiastic welcome to
their unexpected visitors.

The following account of the parts of Sicily into
which Garibaldi's band have penetrated will be
found interesting :

" May 14.

At Salemi they were received with open arms,
after having been joined on their march by several
large armed bands under Coppola, of the Monte,
Baron Sant'Anna, of Alcamo, &c. Other two bands
of armed countrymen have set off from this place to
join the brave General, and with the reinforcements
expected from Castelvetrano, Santa Ninfa, and
other neighbouring towns, they will soon muster a
very formidable force. Even their artillerj is in-
creasing, as some light brass field•pieces, buried
since 1849, have been brought out, and found in
good condition. Several Frane;scan monks have
put themselves at the head, with the cross in one
hand and the sword in the other.

" kind of panic still continues here, and the
Marsalese feel themselves quite at sea with such a
strange and rapid succession of conflicting events.
On Easter-day it was down with the Bourbons and
up with the tri-colour—a fortnight afterwards all
the obsequious nobles of Marsala going out with a
band of music to meet the Royal troops, who were
coming to disarm them and haul them over the
coals—now Garibaldi and his Chasseurs of the Alps
landing triumphantly among them under showers
of Neapolitan grapeshots and bombshells. They are
not yet recovered from the excitement, and the
town is in a kind of neutral state, no actual demon-
strations against the old Government, but no taxes
are being paid.

" We have the Argus here. I have just heard
she is going to Palermo to-day. We hope she will
be back again immediately, as the town being again
in a state of confusion and without an armed force,
all the lawless vagabonds with whom the place
abounds, are once more uniting and threatening
pillage and plunder. Of course, with an English
vessel of war near us, we feel quite safe ; but we
are very uneasy when left to our own resources in
such a state of things.'

" Another letter from Marsala of the 16th states
that a rumour prevailed in the town that the Nea-
politans, on hearing of Garibaldi's landing, de-
spatched a flying column of 700 troops to Calata-
fimi to meet him. Several armed bands of Sicilians,
expecting to find Garibaldi at Calatafimi, marched
towards that place to join his force. Seeing the
Neapolitan troops they mistook them for Garibaldi's
men, and marched on to the town, shouting Viva
Garibaldi !' The Neapolitans allowed them to ap-
proach till within gunshot. A most desperate fight
ensued, in which, according to the letter we quote,
600 of the 700 Neapolitans were placed hors de
combat, and the remaining 100 taken prisoners.
Neither the strength nor the loss of the Sicilians is
stated. Altogether the story bears with it an air
of great improbability, although it may be founded
on truth. It is not alluded to in our other letters
from Marsala.

"FromMarsala, two roads lead towards Palermo :
one in gcod repair, following the coast on the
north to Trapani, and from Trapani turning sud-
denly to the east by Mount San Juliano, crosses '
to Calatafimi, redescends towards the sea through
Alcamo, and then proceeds right along the splen-
did valley of Palermo. A second road, less care-
fully attended to, goes from Marsala to Calatafimi
Marsala only possesses a small port, and a road-
sted not very deep ; on the land side it is defended
by old walls flanked with square towers. It was
clear that troops disembarking at Marsala, an open
town on a low shore, could not intend to remain
there an hour. If the Neapolitan troops had in-
tended to hold the country, they would only
have to guard the defiles, which lead to Calatafimi,
and, in that case, when even if the insurgents had
possessed a numerous artillery and regular troops,
they could not have advanced more than five miles
into the interior. As the Neapolitans did not de-
fend the defiles of Calatafimi, they abandoned
voluntarily or forcedly all the west of the island.
No obstacle preventing the insurgents from pre-
senting themselves before the latter town, any of-
fensive return from Palermo was impossible or
at least very dangerous. ' The insurgents pos•
sessing Calatafimi are masters of Trapani, Marsala,
Mazzara, Castel Vetrano, and even Sciacca. But
let us examine an instant this western part of the
island. Alcamo is a town situated on a plateau in
the midst of a plain ; it was formerly an Arab
establishment, as its name indicates, and is well
chosen to command several little ports, of which
the nearest and most important is named
Magazinazzo. From Palermo to Alcamo is rather
more than 21 miles, and from Alcamo to Calata-
fimi about eight. To go from Palermo to Alcamo
we follow one of the most admirable valleys of
Sicily, in which are olive trees centuries old, and
groves of orange and citron trees. But on passing
the height which closes the valley to the south
the scene suddenly changes, and the approach
to Alcamo is through arid mountains. Then
entering deep gorges we arrive at Calata•
fimi, a town not of 10,000 inhabitants, as stated
in the newspapers, but of 4,000 or 5,000.
The town, which is of wretched aspect, is
dominated by a castle now quite in ruins. From
this castle an extraordinary country is seen—the
land and rocks being in confusion as if tossed about
by some terrible earthquake. The Neapolitans ought
to have defended these parts, but not having done
so they have left great advantage to the guerillas.
The latter, in fact, without leaving the mountains,
can surround Palermo, either by going to Bagaria
on the east, or in turning Monreale and occupying
the Monte Pellegrino to the west; they can com-
mand the solitary plains of Marsala and Mazzara,
can possess themselves of Mount San Juliano which
dominates Trapani, can cut off all communication by
land between the town and Palermo, and can cause
the inhabitants of Trapani to suffer dreadfully from
thirst by destroying the only aqueduct which con-
veys them water from Mount San Juliano. If the
insurgents be numerous, they can besides reach
the rich valleys of Castel Vetrano and Campo
Bello to tile south, and the towns of Termini and
Cefalu on the north coast. The place of disembar-
kation of Garibaldi's bands was chosen with so much
intelligence as to cause us to suppose that he and
his lieutenants will profit by all the advantages
which the nature of the country affords. Trapani
is a pretty town formerly fortified, and has a sort
of citadel which commands the port. If it were
not for the want of water, the town could easily
be defended on the land side, as it is only united to
the plain by a tongue of land cut by salt marshes.
From Calatafimi to Trapani the road winds through
irregular hills ; and on this road, a length of up-
wards of 18 miles, there:is not a house, not a tree,
not a shrub. At a distance of 2or 3 miles from
Palermo and all other great towns there is scarcely
any trace of cultivation. The inhabitants are so
borne down by taxes on all they produce that they
abandon the soil, though it is perhaps the most
fertile in Italy, and the peasaats contrive to live
on a handful of pulse daily."

" Proclaniation No. 1 is as follows :
" Giuseppe Garibaldi, Commander-in-Chief of
the National Force in Sicily.
" At the invitation of the principal citizens, and
on the deliberation of the free communes of the
island,

" = Considering that in time of war it is necessary
that the civil and military power should be con-
centrated in one man—

" Decrees that he assumes, in the name of Victor
Emmanuel, King of Italy, the Dictatorship in

" Salcmi, 14th of May, ISO.
" G. GARIBALDI.

" Stef. Turr, Adjutant-General.'

FRANCE.

" Proclamation No. 2 is likewise dated from
Salami, 14th of May, and consists of 19 articles,
containing instruction for organising an armed
force."

A letter from Naples of the 19th says :—" Yes-
terday the commissary of police, Salvati, and Capt•
I.eCarnec, of the artillery, went to the Bourse, and
after calling for silence, declared that official intelli-
gence had arrived to the effect that Garibaldi had
cut his throat on bLolding the complete defeat of
hie volunteers. Of course no one believed a word

PARIS, THURSDAY.

It appears, by letters received from French
agents in Savoy, that great irritation is apparent
among the population in that province, in" conse-
quence of the slow progress the ratification of the
treaty ceding Savoy to France is making in the
Piedmontese Parliament. Mercantile men partieu•
larly complain that there is a stop to all commercial
transactions, and threats are uttered at Chambery
and Annecy to adopt energetic measures. The in-
habitants say "If the Parliament will not act, let
us act for ourselves—let us organise a provisional
Government, and proclaim a definitive annexation
to France without delay."
The Noniteur publishes a decree promulgating
from the present date the bill just adopted by the
Legislative Body, relative to the duty on sugar,
coffee, cocoa, and tea. The Director. General of Cus:
toms has addressed a circular to the superior officers
of the service on the execution of the new law. The
following are the principal instructions which it con-
tains :—" The duty on home-grown sugars and those
from the French colonies is reduced from 4of to
25fr. the 100 kilos. ,The surcharge on foreign sugars
is lowered from sfr. to 3fr. for all countries out of
Europe. The new law suppresses all distinctions of
quality and modes of fabrication, as concerns the
levying of the duties, so that all unrefined sugars
pay the same duty.
(restill
• it is
With respect to the importa-
tion of refined sugar, there is no change ;
prohibited. The ministerial decision which had
provisionally permitted the export of raw home.
grown sugars -without paying the duty on fabrica
tion is regularised and confirmed by Art. 8 .of the
new law. The rules usually followed in these ope-
rations, having been found to conciliate all interests
and give sufficient security against abuses, will con.
tinue to be observed. Molasses from the French
colonies when cleared directly for consumption will
only pay 7fr. per 100 kilos. instead of 12fr. No
change is made regarding molasses intended for
distilling. Art. 7 raises the basis of the yield in
refining to 76 kilos. for candied sugars, and to 80
kilos. for lump sugars. It is important to observe

with respect to the tariff for coffees, which is con-
siderably reduced in all its parts, that the duty on
coffee from all ports out of Europe was regulated in
the old tariff, according as the producing countries
were on this side or beyond the Cape of Good Hope
or Cape Horn. The new tariff, while effecting
great reductions, makes no distinction between
coffees coming from India and those from all other
places out of Europe. The differential duty in
favour of Indian coffees is consequently suppressed.
BOURSE, May 24.—The market was buoyant at
the opening, but as the day advanced it again be-
came heavy, Threes, after having been done at
69f 55c and 69 60c, are now 691 45c. Mobilier
varied from 667 f 50c to 663 f 75c ; Lyons, 870 f to
867 f 50c; Orleans, 1,330 f to 1,327 f 50; Southern,
520 f to 517 50c ; Austrian, 513 f 75c to 512 f 50c ;
Lombard, 507 f 50c to 505 f. The following are the
last quotations :
ti per Cents. .... 95 75 Credit Fonder 830
Do. end month .. 95 75 , Belgian 4t
3 per Cents 69 401 Piedmontesa (5) .. 83 25
Do. end month 69 40 Roman B3
Bank Shares 2830 Austrian . 81
Credit Mobilier 667 50 Spanish Threes ..
Do. Account ..... 665 Home Debt .. 46 25