The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-30 00:00:00

SARDINIA.

The Sardinian Government has addressed the
following despatch to Count de Lauany, Minister of
King Victor Emmanuel at the Court of Berlin :
" Turin, November 9.
" Monsieur le Comte,—Count Brassier de Saint Simon
has communicated to me a despatch, dated Coblentz, the
13th October last, in which Baron Schleinitz, whilst ex-
pressing the desire of the Cabinet of Berlin to maintain
friendly relations with Sardinia, makes known to us the
divergence of views whieh exists between the King's Go-
vernment and that of the Prince Regent in the apprecia-
tion of events which have taken place in Italy.
" Baron de Schleinitz, after having observed that the
policy of the King's Government, set forth in the memo-
randum of the 12th Sept., is based on the absolute right of
nationalities, hastens to add that he is far from:disputing
the high value of the national idea—an idea which, on the
contrary, is the essential and openly-avowed basis of Prus-
sian policy in Germany.
" But, in his eyes, this principle ought not to be put
into opposition with the rules of conventional international
law, under pain of disturbing the repose of Europe, and of
leading peoples and Governments into the paths of revo-
lution.
" tiv e are nappy to see that tne Uovernment of the Prince
Regent not only recognises the national idea as one of the
essential elements of public law, but that it considers itself
honoured in being the representative of that idea in Ger-
many. On the other hand, if w,e must now regret to see
disapproved the necessary application of a principle which
is respected, it is nevertheless permitted us to hope that the
Cabinet of Berlin, better enlightened as to the veritable
bearing of events, may one slay regard them in a more
friendly and more equitable manner.
" There is one point which it is important to define
clearly, and on which we must insist ; it is that the ques-
tion of the Marches of Umbria, and of the Two Sicilies,
is a purely Italian one, and that, as such, it in nowise affects
the positive rights of other Powers. ,
"In point of fact, the public law of all times has recog-
nised in each nation the right of regulating its own destinies,
of giving itself institutions in conformity with its interests,
or, in a word, constituting itself in the manner which it
thinks best calculated to protect the security and prosperity
of the State.
" This right has never been denounced as contrary to
international laws. It is even the foundation of them ; for,
if it were disregarded or violated, there would no longer be
either independence or liberty in Europe.
"But the objection is made to us that the territorial
divisions of Italy have been sanctioned by solemn treaties.
Europe has consequently a jurisdiction in it, which it can-
not abdicate without at the same time renouncing all the
traditions of the past, and exposing the future to the un-
known result of revolutions and to the dangers of popular

violence.
" I shall not here examine as to how far the international
stipulations which are alluded to, have been dictated for the
real interest of Italy; but can the fact itself, that is to say
the clauses of a treaty, imply the complete and perpetual
abdication by the nation of the settlement of its internal
constitution? It certainly is not the Cabinet of Berlin

which would support such a doctrine.
" The history of the last 40 years shows us that public
conventions are destined to undergo modifications called for
by the times, and that Europe does not think it contradicts
itself by respecting and afterwards admitting the changes
accomplished without its initiative.
" Europe had for a long time since admitted that the
situation of Italy must be modified in t he interest of peace
and of order. The Cabinet of Berlin, by the organ of
Baron de Schleinits, has more than once addressed you in
this sense, and its language was in conformity with that of
most of the other Cabinets. But, now in presence of what
has taken place in the Marches and at Naples, we are told:
Your conduct has not always been correct ; one act is
contrary to the maxims of right, and another establishes
a dangerous precedent ?
" I however think that we in our turn have the right to
ask—ls it our fault if Italy has quitted the path of reforms
which have been recommended to us by the Prussian
Government, and of which we have given the example
during the last ten years ? Causes must not be forgotten
when facts are to be judged of. It is the petty States of
Central Italy, it is the Holy See, and the Government of
Naples, which, while there was yet time, refused all expe-
dients of conciliation with the embittered and oppressed
people. It was Austria, who last year in attacking Pied-
ment precipitated events ; it is her who has proved to the
Italians that the Peninsula would have neither real secu-
rity nor independence so long as it should not be united
into one and the same State.

" We will not further insist on this fact, which is the
most important feature of the case, and we ask what is the
grievance alleged against the King's Government ? It is
accused of having aided populations which had thrown
off their own Government, a Government against which
they had been struggling for forty years. But
what we have done under circumstances which of
themselves would justify our conduct, have not the
different States of Europe done at other times; and under
circumstances which, however, were far from offering the
same justification ? Did France and England, when they
lent their support to Flanders in revolt, tread under foot
international law ? Were those laws infringed by Louis
XIV. when he lent a helping hand to the Hungarian insur-
rection, by the States-General when they supported William
of Orange against James 11., by Louis XIV. who so nobly
contributed to the emancipation of the United States of
America, by Christian Europe when it withdrew Greece
from the Ottoman sway ?
"We cannot therefore accept the blame which the late
ac's of the King's Government have incurred at Berlin, aria
which are expressed in the despatch of the 13th October.
We are grieved to see a liberal and Conservative Cabinet
express so harsh an opinion of our conduct, which has
always been inspired by two principles. 'We are grieved;
for Europe ought not so far to misjudge the events of
which Italy is the theatre. Europe ought not to lose sight
of the fact that the King's Government is the only Conser-
vative power in Italy capable of opposing an obstacle to
the really revolutionary spirit, and of mastering it.
"It is neither just nor prudent to weaken this power by
isolating it, and in a manner compelling it to seek for aid
in a given conjuncture, from elements which might become
dangerous. It would be wise, on the contrary, to ass* its

efforts in the interest of order and peace, by helping it to
surmount the difficulties which surround it.

"We have nothing to conceal, no cause for dissimula-
tion. We are Italy; we act in her name. But we are at
the same time the moderators of the national movement;
our efforts, our most constant cares have no other object
but that of directing it, retaining it within its regular path,
and preventing it from degenerating by the adjunction of
any impure alloy.

" We are the representatives of the monarchical prin-
ciple which, in Italy, had disappeared from the hearts of
the people before it was overthrown by their vengeance.
This principle we have restored ; we have tempered it anew,
and given it a new consecration. It is our force at pre-
sent ; it will be our shield in. tha future.

" With full confidence in the justice of our cause, and
the rectitude of our intentions, we hope to solve and con-
quer the difficulties of the situation. And when the king
dom of Italy shall be constituted on the immovable bases
of national and monarchical right, we are convinced that
Europe will not ratify the severe judgment which is now
pronounced against us.
" You are requested, Mr. le Comte, to read this despatch
to Baron Von Schleinitz, and leave him a copy of it if he
desires it.—Accept, &c., " C. CATOUIi."

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 30.

The North Atlantic Company's steamship Atlan-
tic, Captain Gray, has arrived. She brings 34 pas-
sengers for Havre, and 20 for England, and specie
for France 80,000 dole.
The Atlantic left New York on the 17th ; on the
18th, at 1.30 a.m., she exchanged signals with the
Vanderbilt, 130 miles from New York ; on the 28th,
lat. 50.04 N., long. 12 W., exchanged signals
with the American ship Cornelius Grimvelle.
The screw steamer Edinburgh left New York the
same time as the Atlantic.
The crisis in the Southern States continues. At
Charleston preparations were steadily progressing
for the Convention. Cavalry and infantry were in
the streets in large numbers, drilling.
In Mobile a meeting of all parties unanimously
favoured secession. Resolutions to await the action
of other States were voted down and withdrawn.
The students of the University in Virginia had
held a meeting, and adopted resolutions approving
the action of the seceding States.

In Georgia it was agreed that no Union party
should be formed, and that the delegates elected
for a Convention should be untrammelled by
pledges.
At Alabama the disunion feeling is on the increase.
The people more quiet than ever before known, but
all are determined to act.

Mexican affairs are rather gloomy. There is
little hope of a settlement of the imbroglio.
Advices from the South represented business as
hampered by the pending political agitations.
Exchange is hard of sale, and the movement of
cotton correspondingly retarded.
The New York money-market is distressingly
tight; the offerings of the banks were unusually
large. In the sheet best names were quoted from
12 to 18 per cent.
The foreign exchange-market was dull from the
impossibility of selling bills. The leading drawers
ask 1061 to:. Commercial bills range from 104
to 105.

The stock-market closed unsettled at a small
decline. Brokers obtained money at 7 per cent.
without much difficulty.

THE CHINESE EXPEDITION.

The Ilioniteur publishes the following details of
the late events in China :
" The official journal of the 14th inst. made known under
what circumstances the Ambassadors of France and of
Great Britain in China were obliged to come to the resolu-
tion of making the allied forces advance as far as Tong-
Tchou, four leagues from Pekin.
" Baron Gros and Lord Elgin had scarcely commenced
their march when they received despatch after despatch
from new Chinese Commissioners, supplicating them to
remain at Tien-Tsin, whither those Commissioners, Tsai,
Prince d'Y'Tsin, and Muh, Minister of War, announced
that they would immediately go, provided this time with
the necessary powers. After what had taken place at
Tien-Tsin, the Ambassadors could only repeat their decla-
ration, that they should proceed to Tong-Tchou, ready to
there resume negotiations, if the Chinese Commissioners
justified their powers, but decided, in the event of that not
being the case, to march immediately on Pekin.
" The Prince replied by a more pressing message, in
which he annonnced that tha lihinase Onvanament had
acceded to all which had been required from it, and there-
fore requested that the allied forces would halt six miles
before reaching Tong-Tchou, where the Chinese Com-
missioners were waiting for Baron Gros and Lord
Elgin, to there sign with them the convention prepared
at Tien-Tsin, after which the two Ambassadors would
advance to Pekin with an escort of 1,000 men, and

proceed to the exchange of ratifications. After thai
communication, Count de Bastard, Secretary tc

the French Embassy, was sent to Tong-Tchou, where on
the 18th September he found the two Chinese Plenipoten-
tiaries, who agreed with him on everything relating to the

signature of the convention. But at the moment at which,
on the same day, M. de Bastard was returning to give an
account of his mission, and on which the troops themselves
were arriving at Chang-kia-wang, at the limit indicated
for their bivouac, the latter found themselves in presence of
a Tartar force of from 15,000 to 20,000 men, who, suddenly
unmasking 70 pieces of cannon, opened fire on them.
" Nothwithstanding the surprise occasioned by such an
unexpected and odious attack, the allied troops took only
an hour to carry, with very insignificant loss, all that was
before them, and to put the enemy into the most complete
route, causing them to leave 1,500 men on the field of battle.
" The Chinese Plenipotentiaries appear to have had
nothing to do with the preparation of this ambuscade,
which San-Roli-Tsin, the inveterate enemy of foreigners,

had, to all appearance. alone conceived and executed. _ For

a moment some disquietude was felt respecting the fate of
several persons, who having gone on in advance of the army,
were in Tong-Tchou when the affair of Chang-Kia took
place. But from information subsequently obtained, the cer-
tainty was acquired that they had been simply carried into
Pekin, where they are receiving the best treatment. These
persons wore, on the part of the French, in addition to
some men forming an escort, Colonel de Grandchamps, the
Abbe Duluc, interpreter to General de Montauban, and
Mr. d'Escayrac de Lanture ; whilst on the side of the
English they were Mr. Parkes, interpreter of Lord Elgin,
Mr. Loch, his lordship's secretary, and Mr. Bowlby, cor-
respondent of the Tones.
" After the success which had been so unexpectedly
gained, and no explanation having been sent either to the
allied camp or the ambassadors by the Chinese commis-
sioners, the Franco-English forces left on the right Tong-
Tchou, which they knew to be completely abandoned, to
advance on Pekin : and they learned that there had been

Formed at Palikiao, three leagues from that capital, a large

camp defended by a numerous artillery and the canal which
unites the Pei-ho to Pekin, and commanded by San.li-
Tsin at the head of his best troops. On Sept. 21, at seven
o'clock in the morning, a conflict commenced ; and at three
the Tartar camp was carried, and San-Koli-Tsin, after
having sustained enormous loss, left there all his tents.
The French Government has not yet received the report
relative to the affair of the 18th at Chang-Kia, it only
knows the principal result ; but General de Montauban's
report on the battle of the 21st at Palikiao has arrived, and
its moving details will be found below.

" The day after the victory so gloriously won by the
allied forces, the Emperor's elder brother, Kong, wrote to
the ambassadors announcing that Tsai and Muh were dis-
missed, and that himself, a Prince of the Imperial family,
was appointed Imperial Commissioner to conclude peace.
Baron Gros and Lord Elgin had replied to him,
at the date of the last despatches, that, before sus-
pending hostilities or entering on any preliminary
negotiations with him, the Europeans detained at
Pekin must be sent back to the allied camp. The
ambassadors were expecting a favourable answer, and that
short delay afforded a salutary rest for the troops, who were
easily supplied with provisions by the squadrons in the
Pei ho."

The following is the report of the General-in-Chief
of the expeditionary corps in China, addressed to
the Marshal Minister of War •
" Bivouac of Palikiao, eight miles from
Pekin, 24th September.

" Monsieur le Marechal,—The viceroy of Chang-kia had
avenged the treachery of the Chinese Government. I
naturally expected to receive at my bivouack some explana-
tion of the causes whieh kd to the engagement of the 18th.
No communication, however, came to hand, and the intelli-
gence obtained during the 18th and 19th apprised me that
the Tartar army were occupying camps prepared long before
on the high road to Pekin, and only two leagues ahead of
us. These fresh arrangements showed that they were
directed by an energetic and skilful person. They were due
to Prince San-lioli -Tsin, who last year defended the forts
of the Pei-ho, and who under the title of Sen-Wang (chief
of the war party) commands all the forces of the Empire.
During the first phase of our operations, at the mouth of
the Poi -ho, we had not acquired certain proofs of his pre-
sence, but the unexpected resistance we had met with and
the reports of spies no longer allowed us to doubt that the
Sen- Wang would defend in person, to the last, the
approaches to the capital.
" On the 20th, it was agreed upon between the English
General-in-Chief and myself that the enemy should be
attacked on the following day, and I directed Capt. de Cools,
of the Staff, to reconnoitre, in concert with the officers el