The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-07 00:00:00

ITALY.

A letter from Naples, of the 3d, in the Siecle,
contains the following:—

"I lately. mentioned to you that the army of
Garibaldi was dwindling away from the time that
a fear was entertained that it would pass under
another command than that of the Dictator. It
does not now amount to more than 12,000 men.
The King has with him about 15,000, and Cialdini
11,000. There are, therefore, from 36,000 to 38,000
good troops to oppose to the Neapolitans, whose pre-
sent real strength is not exactly known. There has
been a march of generosity between the King and
the Dictator. Garibaldi wished to be in the foremost
ranks in the combats which are to take place.
Victor Emmanuel said to him, You have been
fighting quite long enough; it is now my turn.
Your troops are fatigued, and they shall farm the
reserve ; mine are quite fresh, and they must be
the first to act.' The Government has comprehended
that when men have sacrificed their youth and
their property for the triumph of a cause, they are
entitled to a recompense when their cause succeeds
—an employment to those who are capable of fill-
ing it, and a pension to others. Many places, more
or less elevated, have been already given to former
exiles, and pensions have been granted to political
prisoners, and, in some cases, to their wives or to
their children. A decree has ordered that a sum of
6,000,000 ducats (25,000,000 f.) shall be taken from
the Bentes confiscated from the Bourbons and dis-
tributed among their victims, namely, victims of
sacking, men incarcerated, condemned, emigrated,
banished, sent into the interior and forced to hide
themselves from political causes. A commission
has been formed to watch over the proper distri-
bution of this sum. The decree bears the signature
of the Dictator himself, and all the Ministers are
charged with it's execution. It bears the bate of
Naples, 23d, but has only appeared to-day in the
official journF.l."

The following is an extract from a Turin lettter :
The new► Minister .of the Interior, M. Ming-

hetti, has played a considerable part in the affairs
of his country. He was the first who, after the
death of Gregory XVI., dared to draw up a
petition to the new Pope praying for re-
forms. Pius IX. nominated him a member of the
Finance Committee, and he was afterwards
Minister with M. Pasolini, who is now Governor
of Milan. It was owing to his firmness that Gen.
Durando was sent at the head of Roman volunteers
against Austria. On the coup-d'etat made by
Pius IX. on the 29th April, 1849, when he refused
to declare against Austria, M. Minghetti retired
with all bis colleagues, and after the assassination
of Rossi he resigned his seat in the Roman Cham-
ber. He then joined Charles Albert, and the King
gave him a place in his Staff, which he retained
until after the disaster of Novara. He afterwards
made a journey in Africa to endeavour to discover
the source of the Nile, and on his return occupied
himself with the formation of societies of credit,
which have rendered great services to commerce
and manufactures. He was one of the most influen-
tial members of the last Parliament. Count Bor-
remeo, private secretary, and, so to speak, the right
hand Of M. Farini, has been appointed by M.
Minghetti Secretary-General of the Ministry of
the Interior."

A Santa Maria letter, near Capua, states:—
"Although no witness was present during the con-
versation between the two champions of the Italian
cause, I am able to assure you that Garibaldi spoke
his mind very plainly to the King. I learn from
a reliable source that the Dictator said that he
had been calumniated by Count Cavour's parti-
sans, and that the pretended influence of Mazzini
and the republicans over him was a falsehood
imagined for the purpose of injuring him with
the King and the public. ' How could I have
exiled Mazzini, an old friend, who requested
me to let him breathe his native air ?' asked the
General. ' Believe me, Sire, the men who sur-
round you are the most ardent friends of Italian
unity.' The King heard him attentively without
expressing any opinion, and on arriving at Partig-
nano, they separated."
A communication from Ancona says
To witness the revived activity of this port,
the commercial preoccupations of the inhabitants,
and the tranquillity which prevails among all
classes, no one would imagine that the place only
a month ago stood a siege of ten days, and is now
on the eve of an important voting. Everything
has returned to its normal state, and the new autho-
rities work as well as if they had been ten years in
office. The people obey without constraint, and
are the more tranquil as they have less troops to
restrain them. In the Marches, a province contain-
ing a population of one million, there are only 36
gendarmes. The troops of the line consist of a
single regiment in garrison at Ancona, and which
is shortly to leave for Naples. This is all that re-
mains of the Rinelli brigade, all the others having
left. The police, and all the military duties, both
in the towns and country parts, are left to the
National Guard, which performs its task in the
most satisfactory manner."

The same letter has the following :
" The abolition of a great majority of the con-
vents will exercise the same beneficial influence in
the Marches that it has done in Umbria. The
number of convents in the former province
amounts to more than 600, and the monks and
nuns to 8,000. The regular and secular clergy
possess one-third of all the land. The proportion
is smaller in Umbria, where the clergy hold one-
half of the country, but the number is not the
less out of all proportion with the million of in-
habitants. It is to be remarked that the parts of
the country where the clergy have the least land
are the best cultivated, and it is to that inequality
in the distribution that the Marches ewe the su-
periority of their agriculture over that of Umbria.
The revenues of the bishoprics are also very un-
equally divided. The Bishops of Fermo and of
Sinigaglia have each about 130,000 f. a-year, and
those of Osimo, jesie, and Ricona average about
100,000 f. The smallest cures have 2,000 f. (which,
considering the low price of every article of con-
sumption, is equal to 4,000 f. in France), and the
largest 5,000 f. There is nothing astonishing that
the clergy should regret a country where they are
so well paid."

A great reproach has been removed from London.
We have at last another equestrian statue which
deserves to rank with the few great statues of that
class in Europe. Baron IMarochetti's Richard of the
Lion Heart is at length set up in bronze in Old
Palace-yard, between the Houses of Parliament and
Westminster Abbey. It is true that Baron Maro-
chetti has been favoured in his subject. He had not
to transfer to stone the pigtail and top-boots of
George the Third, nor the wig and stars of " The
First Gentleman in Europe." He could clothe his
hero artistically and nobly without having recourse
to the shirt and blanket which did duty in the
hands of our Chantreys and elder Wyatt& Baron
Marochetti had only to array the Lion Heart in his
close-fitting shirt of mail, and to fling back, by the
sudden action of throwing up the arm that lifts the
sword, the skirts of the long surcoat worn over the
mail-shirt, in order to display the stalwart propor-
tions of chest and limb as the sculptor loves to do,
without sacrificing the demand for prolonged lines
which staturesque composition makes upon the
artist. It may be that the Baron has sacrificed
probabilities in the close fit he has given to Richard's
mail-shirt, which is made to display the swelling
biceps and folded mass of pectoral muscle as accu-
rately as a knitted woollen jersey. But it is un-
grateful to stoop to this carping in the presence of
such energy and picturesque vitality as animate
this proud horse and his stately rider.
In this combination of life and picturesqueness
lies the peculiar characteristic of all Marochetti's
best, because most congenial, works. It is this
which gives its crowning merit alike to his Phili-
bert Emmanuel, and his Charles Albert, at Turin ;
to the magnificent tomb lately designed by him for
the foundress of one of the greatest and most recent
of the Parisian Hospitals ; to his monument of
Latour d'Auvergne, " Le Premier Grenadier de la
France ;" and to the exquisite ideal figure of Italy,
executed by him within the last few years for Lord
Dufferin.
This characteristic Marochetti possesses in com-
mon with the great men whose works do honour to
the early Renaissance. The designer of this Richard
may, without presumption, claim for his work a
place by the side of the terrible Bartolommeo
leoni of Verocchio, or the statelier, if less living,
Gattamelata of Donatello, Visitors to the Crystal
Palace may study casts of both these finest
of mediaeval equestrian, statues, and form their
own judgment how far our praise is deserved.
In point of site Verrochio and Donatello have
been more fortunate than Marochetti, in about
the same proportions as Venice and Padua excel
London in architectural grandeur and glory. Yet
the site granted to the Baron's Richard is for
London a very effective one, if not quite so promi-
neatly public as might be desired. The figure
stands a little below the Lords' entrance, with the
chapel of Henry VII. flanking it on one side, and
Sir Charles Barry's imitation of its florid Tudor
panelling on the other. The figure groups well
with the architecture about it, and were it not for
an ugly corner of the Law Courts, that thrusts
itself into view beyond the angle of Barry's pile,
and the paltry premises of New Palace-yard oppo-
site—made additionally offensive at this moment by
the huge signboard of the " Land Drainage and
Improvement Company," and an undertaker's
hatchment next d6or—the sculptor would have as
little to complain of as the best-treated of his
brethren and contemporaries. The horse is as full
of life and vigour as the knight who bestrides him.
Both in steed and rider, however, the sculptor has
felt himself at liberty to disregard literalness. He
has no more sought to reproduce such a " destrere"
as was really required to carry an armed knight of
the 13th century, than he has tried to present a like-
ness of Richard as he lived by the help of the muti-
lated effigy of Fontevraud. His work belongs to
the " realistic" school only in so far as it departs
from that dead conventional classicality which
palsied even the vigorous arm of Chantrey when
set to model the National Gallery George IV. and
the Exchange Wellington. No one can be more
free and unfettered than Baron Marochetti has
evidently felt himself in his treatment of the facts,
both of horse and rider, and in his use of this free-
dum he has shown a true conception of the artist's
proper function as a creator of national
monumcrrio. The model of this great work will be
remembered as having divided with Kiss's Amazon
the honours of the colossal sculpture which adorned
the Great Exhibition building in Hyde Park.
A body of noblemen and gentlemen, determined
that this noble design should be perpetuated in the
most enduring of plastic materials, subscribedup-
wardsof£3,oooforthepurposeofhaving:the Richard
cast in bronze, and presented to the nation. The
Marochetti's.
At as well as the design, is Baron
At present there is a vigorous roughness about the
cast which is infinitely preferable to the smooth
and highly-wrought surface affected bylt is too m
toany
of our modern artistic metallurg. be
hoped that the surface will be allowed to remain
as it is, and that Richard of the Lion Heart, even
as he now rides, may for ages yet to come lift his
good sword under the shadow of the Abbey; if not
in refutation of the long standing reproach that
John Bull cannot make an equestrian statue, in
proof at least that hexan get a statue made for him.
—limes.

HESSE-DARMSTADT.—A rather serious conflict
has broken out between the two Chambers of Hesse-Darm-
stadt. The Second Chamber lately adopted, almost unani-
mously, a motion for the regulation by law of the civil
rights of the Catholic Church in the Grand Duchy. The
First Chamber, on the contrary, adopted one which de-
dared that the Government alone had the power to assure
the rights of that church by a concordat with the Court of
Rcme. This motion was submitted to the Second Chamber,
bul; the latter has persisted in maintaining its own. The
Grand Ducal Government has consequently to decide ibe-
ween two contradictory decisions.

THE LORD MAYOR'S SIIOW.—The following is the
route of the procession for the Lord Mayor's show on Fri-
day next, corrected by authority up to last evening. The
Precession will move from Guildhall at half-past 11 o'clock
precisely, and pass through Gresham- street, Prince's-street,
Bank, Lombard• street, Gracechurch-street, Leadenhall-
street, Fenchurch-street, Gracechurch -street, Cannon-street
(East and West), St. Paul's Churchyard, Ludgate-street,
Ludgate-hill, Fleet-street, and by the Strand to Westmin-
ster. The return from Westminster will be way of the
Strand, Fleet-street, St. Paul's-churchyard, Cheapside, and
Kirg-street to Guildhall. The London Rifle Brigade will
form a guard of honour in Guildhall-yard and King:street
to meive the Lord Mayor on his return from Westminster.

But, sir, a large body of high-spirited lads "out
for a lark" are sure to engage in some exploit,
harmless enough, perhaps, in itself, but yet one
which the steady-going part of the community would
prefer seeing performed in any dress rather than
in the Volunteer uniform. Some of M. le Prefet's
guests may possibly come before him in his magis-
terial capacity. Some light-limbed youth is sure
to dance at Mabille or the Chateau des Fleurs in a
fashion too lively for the staid Parisian police, and
be marched off by a couple of gendarmes. This
would be of no consequence except to the lad
himself and thi% geeiety who were teuiporarily
deprived of his presence, were it not that they
who have been, and still are, working at the
organisation of the new force which has sprung
up among us, have a right to demand that the
gray tunic, now an honourable distinction, shall
not be subjected either to indignity nor to unne-
cessary ridicule, and that the Volunteer movement
shall not be mixed up with Paris excursionists.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE

WEEK.

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.)
The weekly return of births and deaths in Lon-
don, issued by authority of the Registrar General,
states that the London returns still bear testimony
to a very favourable state of the public health.
'last
deaths registered in the week that ended last
Saturday were 1,049. The average for correspond-
ing weeks in the ten years 1850-9, after correction
for increase of population, is found to be 1,17 g.
Hence it appears that the number of persons who
died last week was less by 130 than the number
that would have died if a rate of mortality equal to
the average for this season had prevailed. The
districts within the metropolitan bounds differ

eaipsrt re h
is
eet
tlet.
widely, and those of highest sanitary condition
duce " the mortality of London." The bc,„', dis-
tricts will, it may be reasonably hoped. 'oe in a few
a, yearstnadn td ha per edwr
nmo
oraswnt erdne i
pts ltryre
is
cetns
taetd improvedlbeyasgttoi
raisedlol
d tcountryapproach
h
iheeellaassst wofeedkisethaseesdewaethres
2i4ncll;udthede uenodrreerottehde
condition of the best.
z y Inm o tt
average for corresponding weeks being 303. There
were only 2 deaths from small-pox, and one from
varicella. There were 47 from scarlatina, and 13
from diphtheria. Five from scarlatina occurred in
the Kensington Town sub-district; 2 of these on
the same day in one family at 8, Kensington-place.
ande d. 3T
he widow of a
merchant, aged 77 years, died from her clothes
l n Limehouse.
Forty-four children died of measles; 3 of these in
the Belgrave sub-district, 3 in the east sub-district
of Islington, 3 in the Church sub-district of Bethnal-
greenlhree
infants(2
in onwee
rfamily),taking fire. Another woman died from burns ; 3
children from scalds. Of 5 deaths from suffocation,
3 were those of children in bed.. An infant, a week
old, died from the foul air of the room in which it
slept ; another, aged 8 months, from having been
fed with two ounce! of beef sausage. A widow
died at the age of 90 years, and a female domestic
servant at the age (as stated) of 100 yoam, iu Cho
ilahn,.,-. vyuLktlOUSe. A
type-founder, aged 44
years, died from " theffects e of poisonous metals,
lead and antimony."
Last week the births of 956 boys and 912 girls
in all 1,868 children, were registered in London.'
In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1850-
59 the average number was 1,617.
A t the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.977 in.
The barometrical readings rose from 29.84 in.
on Sunday to 30.07 in. on Tuesday. The mean
temperature of the air in the week was
48.7 deg., which is 2.2 deg. above the average
of the same week in 43 years (as determined by
Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was
above the average till Friday, this excess on Sunday
i
having been equal to 10 deg. On Saturday
.t was
almost 7 deg. below the average. The highest
point attained by the thermometer in the shade
was 68.5 deg. on Sunday; the lowest was 28.5 deg,
(3.5 deg. below the freezing point of water) on
Saturday. The range of temperature in the week
was therefore 40 deg. The mean daily range was
17 deg. On Tuesday the range was as much as
22.3 deg. On the following day it was only 8.1
deg. The difference between the mean dew-point
temperature and air temperature was 2.3 deg. The
mean degree of humidity of the air was 90, corn_
plete saturation being represented by 100. On Mon-
day the humidity was 98. The wind was in the
south or south-east till Wednesday afternoon, when
it changed to the north-east, at which point or
E.N.E. it continued till the end of the week. The
thermometer in the sun rose to 110 deg. on Sunday.

PRICE OF GOLD.—The quotation of gold at Paris
is about 2 per mille premium, and the short exchange on
London is 25.15 per £ sterling. On comparing these rates
with the English mint price of £3 17s. 10!(.1, per ounce for
standard gold, it appears that gold is nearly 3-10ths per
cent. dearer in Paris than in London. By advices from
Hamburg the price of gold is 4241 I.er mark, and the short
exchange on London is 13.4 per £ sterling, Standard gold
at the English mint price is, therefore, 4-10ths per
cent. dearer in Hamburg than in London. The course of
exchange at New York on London for bills sixty a tdays'
eight is 10811 per cent., which, ,when compared with the
mint par between the two countries, shows that the ex-
change is against England ; but, after making allowance
for charges of transport and difference of interest, the pi e-
sent rate leaves no profit on the transmission of gold be•
tween the two countries,
~