The Sun.
London, England, 1860-05-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MAY 21, 1860.

and from the indulgence of inaction and indolence as de-
grading if less hurtful—
" Pieriis pollent studiis, multoque redundant
Moque); nee dcsidiis, dapibusque paratis
Indulgere juvat ; nec tanta licentia vitwi
Abripit, aut mores wtais lasciva relaxat
Sed gravibus curls animum, sortita senilem,
Ignea longeevo fmnatur corde juventus."
If in action goad intentions avail nothing without deeds,
sad even deeds are of no merit, however well meant, unless
wisely done, so opinions as opinions, and without reference
to actions, are of no value except' for their truth, their
soundness ; and this is alone to be regarded in their adoption.rtar
Their favour with man, their subserviency to a particular
purr ose, their accordance with a prevailing prejudice,, ;heir
to commonly
striking novelty and originality
which
or repugnance
received doctrines—are all wholly extraneous to that
alone must be considered in our inquiries, and especially in
our teaching—their truth or falsehood alone to be regarded
and nothing else. But in the same degyee in which the pur-
suit of truth must be the sole object, so is the bearing entirely
with those who dissent from us a paramount duty. Indeed the
one position is involved in the other. We cannot be in search
of truth alone, but in pursuit of something else, and we
do not allow others to hold their opinions, however diffe-
rent from ours. These differences can only be the ground
of our disapproving or pitying, but on no account of blam-
ing. If they have honestly formed their opinions upon
whatever subject, moral, political, or religious, they may be
blamed for the misconduct of the understanding, but not
for the opinions, however erroneous, to which it has led
them. To God they are responsible, and not to man, and
in proportion to the importance of the subject is the respon-
sibility heavy ; in the subject of religion, therefore, heaviest
of all, because there even carelessness, oversight, is crimi-
nal ; deeply to be blamed by me, though not to be punished,
and in the sight of God one of the gravest offences. It is
strange how great in all ages has been the confusion of
ideas on this subject, and greatest upon matters where
it was most hurtful—religious opinion. Men justly re-
garded these as of all others the most important, and error
most to be deplored ; and that every temporal considera-
tion was comparatively insignificant. But they also sup-
posed that belief was voluntary ; therefore, having the
power, they drew the inference that they had not
only a right, but a duty to exercise their power in com-
pelling the unbeliever or destroying him, as Louis IX. (St.
Louis), the mildest and most conscientious of Princes, held
it the duty of a true knight when he met unbelievers not to
reason with them, but put them to death; so little could he
have opened his mind to comprehend, much less to em-
brace, the doctrine of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, delivered by
him as that of all rational men—" No man can change his
opinion when he will, and using force may snake a hypo-
crite, but never a right believer." All intolerance of every
kind proceeds from the same confusion of ideas, the more
mischievous because sometimes perfectly honest, from that
of St. Louis and the Inquisition down to its mildest form of
attaching civil disqualifications to religious opinions, and
even to political, when they have at some period been con-
nected with religious belief. The prejudices and gross
errors in which such persecution in all its forms originates
cannot be too carefully guarded against in practice, or too
fully exposed in teaching. The sound doctrines on all
subjects of moral, poli ical, and theological science, at
all times taught within these walls, have esta-
blished the character of the University upon a solid
foundation. But it is not to be forgotten that injury to the
cause of truth has been done by a very eminent person, in
whose great capacity and celebrity this city takes a just
pride, how much soever his talents may have been misape
plied ; and it well becomes the instructors of youth strenu-
ously to counteract the influence of David Hume, both on
account of the incalculable importance of the subject on
which he was misled, and also in respect of a far less mate-
rial circumstance—the disposition of ignorant persons in
other countries to represent him as having founded an in-
fidel school or sect in Scotland. It is fit that on this point
the truth should be plainly spoken—Mr. Hume was not a
sceptic either in his political or religious errors. His opi-
nions were perfect, decided when they could be held upon
positive or affirmative positions, and as decided as any that
could be held upon mere negation. He was the adversary
of popular rights, and the ally of the English High Church
patty against those rights, widely as he differed from all
Churchmen- upon the &rounds of their belief and the founda-
tions of their power. rHe was upon all religion, natural and
revealed, a disbeliever, rather than an unbeliever, rejecting
the evidence of the former, and declaring it to be wholly in-
sufficient to prove the existence of a Deity or the immorta-
lity of the soul ; and holding the statements upon which
the latter rests to be not only false but impossible. This is
net scepticism, but dogmatism. It is the assertion that of a
miracle there can be no proof; that ofa God and future state
there is no proof—no reason whatever to believe it. This,
then, is atheism as much as any person of sound mind can
hold the opinion, and this ought constantly to be exposed as
such and refuted. Fortunately there are the means of tri-
umphant refutation ; for upon natural religion the whole
argument of Mr. Hume rests upon an entire misconception
of the nature of inductive reasoning ; and it is not too much
to affirm that if he had ever attended to any branch of
natural philosophy he could not have fallen into so mani-
fest an error. There is no one part of the argument which
would not destroy all inductive science ; all generalization
would be put an end to ; experimental inquiry must stand
still; no step could be made, no conclusion drawn, beyond
the mere facts observed, and the science mast be derived
from the process or general reasoning upon particular facts,
into the bare record of those particular facts themselves.
The late discoveries in fossil osteology afford additional
proofs of Mr. Hume's hasty assumptions both on the ques-
tion of a Providence or that of miracles. It is now proved by
evidence which he must have admitted to be sufficient, that
at one remote period in the history of our globe there was
an exertion of creative power to form the human and cer-
tain other races not before existing ; so that he must have
believed in the miracle of creation—that is, the interposi-
tion of a Being powerful enough to suspend the established
order of things, and make a new one. The argument rests
on the same grounds as to a future state, in so far as he
denies the proof of a power to contiaue the soul apart from
the body. But there is this material difference in the
evidence, that an induction is conclusive as to the exist-
ence of the Deity, and the independent and separate
nature of the soul, but only proves the probability
of its continued existence. Its entirely different
nature from matter, as shown in the quickness of its opera-
tions, its independence of the body, proved by the faculties
ometimes becoming stronger as the body decays—above all,
its surviving the complete change of the body, so that
hardly a particle of the corporeal frame remains while the
mind continues unchanged, unless perhaps by gaining
strength—all demonstrate its different constitution and its
independent existence; and, as there is no one example of
annihilation in the universe—what is termed destruction
being only dissolution and new combination, and the soul,
from the singleness of its nature without parts, being inca-
pable of such destruction—we are left to infer, from the
prevalence of benevolent design in all the Creator's works,
that He will continue what He has formed, and so largely
endowed, and so bountifully cherished. It is not, perhaps,
just to consider Mr. Hume's unfortunate views as adopted
from the desire to take a line different from the com-
monly received opinions, though the force of this temp-
tation to a young author may have been naturally
enough suspected. But that his political prejudices biassed
his mind can hardly be doubted. He had formed the worst
opinion of the Commonwealth men in the 17th century,
and of their successors the Whigs in his own day, and the
fanaticism of the former gave him a prejudice against their
relict-ions principles, like that of the Tories and Free-
thinkers in Queen Anne's time. his inaccuracy as an his-
torian, from his Tory prejudices and his habitual careless-
ness, is now universally admitted ; indeed, even where he
had no bias of opinion or feeling to mislead hint, that inac-
curacy appears manifest, as in the suppression Of all men-
tion of the Limos'-es massacre when describing the Black
Prince's whole conduct through life as without a stain. Of
the like carelessness in some instances, and prejudices in
others, his writings on religious subjects give constant
proofs. The entire misapplication of Archbishop Tillot-
son's argument on the real presence is one instance, and
the perversion or ignorance of inductive science is another;
to which may be added his failing to observe that the argu-
ment against miracles would apply to cases of testiniony
which may be put as quite decisive, and which he himself
must have admitted. The admirable style of this great
author, and his acuteness and ingenuity, have only in his
religious and historical works served for the propagation of
error ; and the contrast is very remarkable which they pre-
sent to his writings on subjects of which he had made him-
self master, and on which he had no bias to mislead him.
In his political discourses, when he was only in search of
truth, and uninfluenced by the authority of particular inte-
rests, he first unfolded and enforced the sound principles
which guide the commercial policy of modern times. It would
be impossible too highly to commend these discourses, or too
steadily to keep in view the cause of their superiority to his
other works. Greatly as this celebration writer is to be blamed
for the rashness of his speculations, and his yielding to the
bias which appears to have influenced him in these and other
inquiries, he is almost entirely free front the charge justly
made against Voltaire and his contemporaries, some of
whom, as Voltaire himself, were deists, of treating these
matters with ridicule, or with ribaldry, or with a levity
wholly unsuited to the sacred subject, and fitted only to
inflict pain upon conscientious believers. With the excep-
tion of a sentence or two in the "Essay on Miracles," his
writings preserve the most unbroken gravity, and indeed
the seriousness which is so becoming. The same praise
belongs to Rousseau, who, indeed, was a reluctant un-
believer; hut, having none of that reasoning power which
Hums possessed and abused, his unbelief is less to bo cen-
sured. It has been deemed necessary to state these things
respecting Mr. Hume in order that his authority may be
reduced to i! a just dimensions, especially with young men,
led away by his great name, and his incontestably great
merits in some important particulars. But, beside counter-
acting that influence, the studies themselves in which he
has been the promoter of error are of such vast importance
—one of them the most important of all—that no pains can
be deemed too great, no care too unremitting, to exclude
false doctrine, and inculcate sound opinions. Nor is it only
in teaching divinity, technically so called, in unfolding the
truths of revealed religion, that this duty can be discharged.
The great doctrines of Natural Theology demand the closest
attention, and afford the most valuable support to teachers
of the revealed Word. Nothing can be more ground-
less than the jealousy sometimes felt, but oftener professed,
of natural religion by the advocates of revealed ; Bacon,
who had his prejudices on the subject of final causes,
occasioned by the abuse of that doctrine, describes natural
religion as " the key of revealed, which," he says, " opens
our understanding- to the genuine spirit of the Scriptures,
unlocking our belief, so that we may enter upon the
serious contemplation of the Divine Power, the characters
of which are so deeply engraven in the works of the crea-
tion."—De Dig. et Aug. _Lib. 61. Newton has said "de
Deo, de quo ex phrenominis diss-rere ad philosophiam
naturalem pertinet."—Principia Sehol. Geß. Locke de-
clares " that he who would take away reason to make way
for revelation puts out the light of both, as if we should
persuade a man to put out his eye the better to receive
the remote light of an invisible star by is telescope."
—Hum. Under. IV. 19, 4. And Tillotson, in hise great
sermons preached before the King and Queen upon the
occasion of the naval victory in 1672, affirms that " the
principles of natural religion ate the foundation of that
which is revealed." It is therefore most desirable that
a line of demarcation should net be drawn by the teachers
of revealed religion so as to exclude from their province
the great truths of natural rcli'ion, as the subject of sleet,
and continual attention ; and the teacheee, of the latter and
of moral philosophy generally ought to be less shy than
they too often are (not Paley, however) of a refer.
crate to the truths of the Gospel dieperetation. That dis-
pensation may be safely rested upon its own proofs; but,
should the weight of authority be required in its favour, we
may assuredly ask if any one can pretend to be a better
judge of physical and mathematical evidence than Sir Isaac
Newton, of moral evidence than Mr. Locke, of legal evi-
dence than Lord hale, all of whom, and after full inquiry,
were firm believers of the Gospel truths. But not only is
the habit to be deplospd of drawings line between theology
and the other branches of learning,ist;l3eqsually necessary
that no line should be drawn betweenit
head of philosophy and natural
religion. There is hardly any
as
wepllyaswhitch is
l
not connected with it ; and these sciences,
thiccouns diem constantlyna vekgion, must gain by keeping
view, and not considering that to treat of the one subject wen
mast go out of the other. The wonders of the natural world
have in all ages been dwelt upon as showingthe hand of the
Cregtor and Preserver at everystep of our inquiries; and each

-.------------------____ _
discovery has added to the devout confidence of the student. • 1
For instance, the late proof of the stability of the universe,
so little suspected before our day that men argue on the ne-
cessity of interference to retain the planets in their path,
has thus afforded a very striking illustration of the rational
optimism which is the best solution of the ancient
_but con-
stantly recurring question 1160ev 1-6 Kamiv. Thus,
the natural theology stands at the head of all sciences,from
the sublime and elevating nature of its objects. It tells of
the creation of all things, of the mighty power that fashioned
and sustains 'he universe, of the exquisite skill that con-
trived the wings and beak and feet of insects, invisible to
the naked eye, and that lighted the lamp of day, and
launched into space comets myriads of times larger than
the earth, whirling 10,000 times swifter than a cannon ball,
and 2,000 times hotter than red-hot iron. It passes the
bounds of material existence, and raises us from the creation
to the Author of Nature. Its office is not only to mark what
things are, but for what purpose they were made by the infi-
nite wisdom of an all-powerful Being, with whose existence
and attributes its high prerogative is to bring us acquainted.
If we prize,and justly, the delightful contemplations of the
other sciences, if we hold it a marvellous gratification to have
ascertained exactly the swiftness of the remotest planets, the
number of grains that a piece of lead would weigh at their
surfaces, and the degree in which each has become flat-
tened in shape by revolving on its axis, it is surely a yet
more noble employment of our faculties, and a still higher
privilege of our nature, humbly but confidently to ascend
from the universe to its great first cause, and investigate
the unity, the personality, the intentions, as well as the
matchless skill and mighty power of Him who made and
moves and sustains those prodigious bodies, and all that
inhabit them. But moral science lends liberally the same
lights and bestows the same enjoyments. For He also
created the mind of man, bestowed upon him a thinking, a
reasoning, and a feeling nature, placed him in a universe of
wonders, endowed him with faculties to comprehend them,
and to rise by his meditations to a knowledge of their Di-
vine cause. The connection of attention with memory, the
helps furnished by the influence of curiosity and the force
of habit, the uses to which the feelings and the passions
are subservient—as love to the continuance of the race, the
affections to the rearing of it, hope to encourage and sustain,
fear to protect from danger—all the instincts of all creatures
in some acting with a marvellous accuracy such as reason
could not surpass, and all perfectly suited to the position of
the individuals—these are not more marvels of Divine skill
than of the benevolence which pervades all creation, moral
as well as material. But societies of men, even in his social
capacity, are the special object of Divine care—" Nihil est
prmcipi illi Deo qui omnem bum mundum regit quod gul-
den' in terris fiat acceptius quam concilia ccetusque horni.•
num jure sociall quad civitates appellantur."—Cie., Somn.
Seip. And the same pleasing and useful effects result from
the study of man in his social as in his individual state,
and from a contemplation of the structure and functions of
the political world. The nice adaptation of our species for
the social state, the increase of our power as well as the
multiplication of our comforts and our enjoyments by
union of purpose and of action, the subserviency of the
laws governing the nature and motions of the natural
world to the uses of man in his social condition, the
tendency of his mental faculties and moral feelings to
further the progress of social improvement, the predisposi-
tion of political combinations, even in unfavourable circum-
stances, to produce good ; and the inherent powers by which
evil is avoided, compensated. and repaired ; the singular
laws, partly physical and partly moral, by which the num-
bers of mankind are maintained and the balance of the sexes
preserved with unerring uncertainty—these form only a
portion of the marvels to which the eye of the political ob-
server is pointed, and by which his attention is arrested ;
for there is hardly any one political arrangement which, by
its structure and formation, does not shed a light on the
capabilities of human nature, and illustrate the powers and
the wonders of the Providence to which man looks IT as
his maker and preserver. But most important, and to our
feeble nature most consolatory, is the impression which all
our study of this vast subject leaves of perfect wisdom
teing accompanied by constant benevolence. This is de-
clared by all the works around us, and is deeply felt in all
1 the sentiments of our mind. We find everywhere proofs
1 that we live under a ruler who, unlike human
lawgivers, far oftener proclaims rewards than de-
nounces punishments. Furthermore, it is a general rule,
and would be found absolute and universal, if our knowledge
embraced the whole system, that while pleasure is held out
to induce much more than pain to deter, the pleasure is be-
yond what would suffice, there is some gratification more
than requisite. And this can only be because the giver of
good delights in the happiness of his creatures. Such con-
templations at once gratify a scientific curiosity and afford
a moral indulgence. They prove that the awful Being, of
whose existence we are made certain, and whom we know
as our Creator, is the good Being by whose preserving care
we are cherished, and sentiments of piety and devotion arise
to fill our minds which he only can reject who has the faith
of Epicurus and the feelings of a Stoic. The thorough expos-
ing of these truths and dwelling incessantly upon them is
not required for supporting the character of this famous Uni-
versity, but it must afford pure delight both to the teacher
and the student. Above all, the necessity of making
upon the mind of early youth an impression which never
can wear out by lapse of time, or be effaced by
the rival influences of other contemplations or be oblite-
rated by the cares of the world. The lessons thus learned,
and the feelings engendered or cherished, will shed their
auspicious influence over the mind through life ; protecting
against the seductions of prosperous fortune, solacing in
affliction, preparing for the great change that must close the
scene by habitual and confident belief in the King eternal,
immortal, invisible, the only wise God, and in the humble
hope of immortality which the study of His works has in-
spired, and which the gracious announcements of His re-
vealed will abundantly confirm.

The delivery of Lord Brougham's address was frequently
interrupted by applause, and at its conclusion his lordship
sat down amid enthusiastic and prolonged cheering.
In the evening Lord Brougham was entertained to dinner
by the Senatus Academicus in the Hopetoun ROOMS, and he
afterwards attended an evening party in the palace of Holy-
rood House, given by Lady Belhaven, which was largely
attended by the nobility and gentry residing in and around
Edinburgh, by various distinguished strangers from a dis-
tance, and by members of the General Assembly of the
Church of Scotland.

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one.

CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS.-
THIS EVENING.
C. H. GOUNOD'S OPERA,
FAUST.
first Time in this Country.
I'aust Mr. Henry Herbert
Mephistopheles Mr. C. Bernard.
Siobel Mrs. Anderson.
Marguerite
Conductor Mr. Jonghmans.
And selections from
Dinorah, Trovatore, Macbeth, and numerous other
Entertainments.
Balcony, ls , Hall. fid.
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), and W. T. Critchfield.
The AFRICAN OPERA TitOUPE, their first appearance
since 1852, consisting of ELEVEN STAR PERFORMERS,
who will give the whole of their inimitable entertainment
every evening.
The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening.

THE WEATHER.-Syx OFFICE, MAY 20, 1860.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
68—highest since noon yesterday.
52—lowest this morning and during the night.
69—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-30.24.
WlND—Easterly ; fresh, with fine warm weather,

MAT 21.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
71—highest since noon yesterday.
53 —lowest this morning and during the night.
69—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-30.43.
WIND--South-Easterly; light, with very fine weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
rite DAY.—Morning, 2h. 2m.—Afternoon, 2h. 21m,
To-moßitow.-Morning, 2h. 40m.—Afternoon, 2h. 59m

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THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, MAY 21, 1860.

Englishmen are not accustomed to concede to
threats. An "unprotected female," just alighted
from a cab, may, without loss of honour, pay the
driver who becomes noisy his extravagant demand ;
but the English man, who would willingly have
given sixpence or a shilling over out of mere good
feeling, calculates the exact fare, and says—" No,
Mr. Cabby, as you threaten, not one penny shall
you have beyond your due ; there it is, and there's
my card, and summon me if you dare." Now, the
House of the Lords is certainly not in the case of
the " unprotected female"—it deems itself the re-
presentative of all that pertains to the best blood
of England; and, from the schoolboy and the
labourer, to the octogenarian and the duke, that
blood boils with indignation, or flows along un-
moved, before a threat. Even the superior who
resorts, needlessly, to threats, is not the governor
for free Englishmen ; but the equal, or inferior,
who ventures on it, must, like Cabby, expect to be
the loser.

We believe that the threateners have done
very much towards the loss of the Paper Duties
Repeal Bill. They have aroused the hostile
spirit of the Lords. Denunciations of " usur-
pation," and of being regarded " as an obvious
anomaly in a free constitution," are not exactly
the kind of arguments ;:likely to move British
peers--except in the wrong direction. We have
heard a story of an examiner at Surgeon's Hall
putting to a young student the question, " Now,
sir, if I were to send my foot sharply against your
os coxcygis, what muscles should I put in motion P"
" Theftexors and extensors, sir, of my right arm,"
was the prompt reply. Very much like this was
Lord DERBY'S prompt reply to Sergeant PARRY.
If gentlemen chose to hold this language to the
leader of the Opposition, the leader of the Oppo-
sition could retort—Then, gentlemen, we will use
our power; be it anomalous or usurping, or be it
what it may ; we have it, and we will let you
see that we have it. The truth is, the tactics of
the Repealers have quite ruined their cause. Their
case may be as good as ever, but they have acted
as if it were a bad one. They have placed the
Lords in the position of being unable to retreat with-
out dishonour. If they do not now follow Lord
DERBY, they will seem either to act themselves
under the influence of fear, or to suggest the idea
that Lord DERBY himself dreaded the consequence
of rejection, and advised his own supporters to
leave him in a minority. A worse policy there cannot
be, than to break down the bridges behind a foe
whom you cannot overpower or crush, but whom
you may induce to retreat. " Build a golden bridge
for a retreating enemy," said one of the greatest of
Generals—the Paper Duties repealers have left
none for the Lords but the Coward's Bridge. We
may be sure they will not retreat by that.
It is too late now, but how easily might a quite
different policy have been adopted—and it
would, we believe, have been a successful
The appeal might have been, and
as we maintain, should have been, to the good feel-
ing of the Lords; an appeal, ad iniserecordians, if
any please so to term it. The right of the Lords
to refuse to repeal any Act of Parliament—to re-
peal, in fact, any part of the laws of the realm—
might have been acknowledged, and the long usage
in regard to all bills affecting taxation might then
have been urged with a good grace. Sergeant
PARRY himself was obliged to admit the strict
legal right, which the language of his memorial
more than tacitly denied. Then, how gracefully
might the memorial have urged the hardship of dis-
appointing the hopes of those who had so long been
seeking the remission of the duty, at the stage when,
in modern history at least, those who have sought
the repeal of taxes had never been repulsed. " You
did not use your power against the repealers of the
duties on bricks, glass, timber, leather, beer—and
a hundred other things. Why single us out as
victims ? This might have told. The parcere
victis might have beseemed the peers to wards those
who did not attack their order and their rights ;
but, the debellare superbos must be their feeling to-
wards the deputation which carried it so high-
handedly in the memorial they presented, and in
the public meeting from which they came.

We also fear that those who advocate the Repeal
of the Paper Duties will find that Lord DERBY is
right on" one point—that the country at large
would have much preferred a repeal of the war
taxes on sugar and tea. That would be a direct
and tangible benefit to every family in the kingdom,
and even to every widow and dressmaker living at
lodgings. The repeal of the Paper Duties
would be a benefit to a single class only. It
might benefit, it may be said, the workman
by increasing demand for labour in the manfucture
of paper, but it would not do that more than does
the repeal of almost any tax. The increased con•
sumption of tea and sugar, for instance, consequent
on reduction of duties, would increase the demand
for British manufactures, and with it the de-
mand for British labour to pay for them; even if
we paid for them in gold or silver, we must buy
that geld or silver with man ufactnres, since we
have no diggings from which to pick it up without
labour. The class of newspaper and cheap litera-
ture publishers would be, doubtless, the class which
would pocket the lost revenue, which the public
must make good by an increased income tax, and
the duty on their class of paper is but a small por-
tion, perhaps about a third of the total amount.
In the coarser kinds of paper the expense of the
duty, as a charge for package, is hardly felt at all,
and will certainly not be half such a nuisance in

trade as the Chancellor of the Exchequer's penny

stamps.

It is of no use now to lament the result. It has
been a good case most foolishly mismanaged. We
must console ourselves with what, we fear, is an
absolute certainty, that if the tax had been re-
pealed, we should have had to pay not only the
additional penny income-tax, of which Lord DERBY
says the House of Lords had no knowledge—no
technical knowledge he can only mean—but also
another penny, and more probably twopence, in
1861. Indeed, it is the odious, because unjust, and
unadjusted income-tax, which may in part answer
for the MONTEAGLE-DERBY motion, and the almost
certain fate of the bill. The Lords foresee that
property is to become more and more henceforth
the resource of our Chancellors of the Exchequer.
Almost all indirect taxes have vanished. The
few which are left yield, indeed, a splen-
did revenue, and may yet produce more,
but it is evident that the conflict be-
tween indirect and direct taxation is drawing
nearer than their lordships wish, and in that con-
flict they will have the support of the people,
almost solely because Mi. GLADSTONE refuses to
make the slightest attempt at equitable adjustment.
In the repeal of a duty which has brought on all
of us one penny in the pound more income-tax,
while only a very small class will derive any
benefit from it, it is hardly to be expected that the
general public will take much interest.

The City of London on Saturday last testified in
a very striking manner, through the medium of
its chief magistrate and of the other leading officials
of this our ancient metropolitan municipality, the
admiration with which the citizens of the capital
of the British Empire regard the distinguished
gallantry of Sir LEOPOLD M'CLINTocK and his
Arctic companions. It was not only that during
the afternoon of Saturday, the Freedom of the
City, appropriately contained in a gold mounted
oak box, was formally presented to Sir LEOPOLD in
the Guildhall—this presentation being accompanied
by the delivery of a heart-stirring eulogistic ad-
dress by the City Chamberlain—but later on in the
evening the gallant Commander of the Fox
(together with those brave officers of his who
were his shipmates upon that most memorable ex-
pedition), was sumptuously entertained at a ban-
quet given in his especial honour in the Egyptian-
hall at the Mansion house by the Right Hon. the
Lord Mayor. In the record of the present Mayoralty,
the proceedings of Saturday will demand, what they
eminently well deserve, an express and peculiar
commemoration. Those proceedings were not only
complimentary to Sir LEoroLD M'CLlNTocK—they
were also, and in a very marked manner, commemo-
rative of Sir JOHN FRANKLIN. And it is parti-
cularly worthy of remembrance, that in the course
of one of the brief after-dinner speeches of Satur-
day, a suggestion was thrown out incidentally by
one of the old and tried friends of our heroic and
lamented FRANKLIN, which we do earnestly trust
may be forthwith eagerly taken up by the com-
munity at large, and carried out at once and with
enthusiasm. It was a very just and a very reason•
able proposition. It was the proposal made by Sir
RODERICK MURCHISON, that a fitting statue of the
last, and perhaps the greatest of all our Arctic Navi-
gators, should be erected by public subscription—
a colossal statue in bronze or marble, upon the
pedestal of which should be inscribed, grandly and
tersely :

SIR JOHN FRANKLIN,

TILE DISCOVERER OF TIIE NORTH-WEST PASSAGE.

The most appropriate site, even, was distinctly
pointed out on Saturday by Sir RODERICK MURCHI-
SON, who not unreasonably proposed that this statue
of FRANKLIN should be raised to his honour and in
his memory at the foot of Lord NELSON'S pillar
in Trafalgar-square—FRANKLIN having been among
the number of NELSON'S sea-lions upon two of
his immortal ♦ictories. We who have raised a
statue commemorative of the gallant BELLOT ought
surely to do the same by our own heroic countrymen.
We ought to remember that, in the cause of science,
in the interests of commerce, for the furtherance of
our maritime glory, Sir JOHN FRANKLIN and his
dauntless tars sacrificed their lives, and did so,
moreover, in a manner that it is absolutely fright-
ful to contemplate. The relics that were brought
home within this last year by the Fox, under the
command of Captain (now Sir LEOPOLD) M'CLIN-
TOCK, have told dumbly, but, ah ! how eloquently,
how truly frightful must have been the slow dying
out of the last moments of that doomed expedition.
The skeleton in the boat, the gun by its side, the
mouldering fragments of the Bible, the little pen-
cilled scraps of diary, all the inanimate souvenirs
of those dead, starved, frozen, navigators have told
us only too plainly the awful story of their gradual
destruction. We who cannot now welcome Sir
JOHN FRANKLIN back to the honours he had so
heroically earned, will surely now give to his me-
mory, ungrudgingly, the tribute of this monumental
homage. Sir RODERICK MURCHISON has, in
making the proposition, only given utterance to
the wishes of many hundreds and thousands. It
is a hint that will surely be taken by the public at
large, and one that can hardly fail to be very
rapidly realised. And when realised—when this
bronze or marble effigy of FRANKLIN has been
placed upon its granite pedestal in Trafalgar-
square—no other individual could more fittingly
than Sir RODERICK MURCHISON himself preside
over the customary ceremonial of inauguration.
As President of the Royal Geographical Society,
he was, as he reminded us on Saturday evening
towards the close of the Mansion House Banquet—
he was the last to bid Sir JOHN FRANKLIN God-
speed on his departure from the shores of England
—he (Sir RODERICK) being also now the first to
propose the tardy tribute of this posthumous testi-
monial.

Meanwhile her most Gracious MAJESTY has
accorded the honour of the noblest welcome of all
from her royal hand, to the valiant sailor who, while
in command of the Fox, brought to light at last
the fate of Sir JOHN FRANKLIN and his compa-
nions. Upon the return home of that brave sea
Captain, her MAJESTY at once bestowed upon
LEOPOLD M'CLINTOCK the Queenly grat-
ings of the knightly accolade. And the City
of London has now, iu due course, as befits the
Capital of the Empire, welcomed Sir LEOPOLD,
first in the Guildhall of the municipality, and after-
w:.rds in the home of her Chief Magistrate. This
welcome, to say the least of it, was anything but
Arctic, It was worthy of the occasion—worthy
alike of the City of Lon,lon's thief guest on Satur-
diy and of her Cnief Magistrate.

MoGithall'i OF THOMAS HOOD.—The reading
world will be rejoiced to learn th t the memorials of the
gifted author of the "Song of the Shirt" are about to be
published, They consist almost entirely of
.the letters of
the earnest philanthropist, which have been collected,
edited, and arranged by his daughter, with a preface and
notes by his sun, Mr. Thomas Hoed, Liskeard. The com-
pilation has been a task of.; filial affection, and we are glad
that it has fallen into the hands of Hood's children. With
instinctive percetAion of what he would have wished, were
he alive, they have dedicated the work "To the People."
The frontispiece will be a fac•simile of Hood's sketch of
his own monument, made during his last illness, and there
will be vignettes from his unpublished sketehee, with a fee-
simile of a sheet from his MS. of " The Song of the Shirt."
Mozon is the publisher, and Bradbury and Evans are the
prhaters.—Plymouth Journal.

GARIBALDI TLSTIMO.NIAL.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—The absolute respect for the law, even
when it opposes our convictions, is one of the main
guarantees for our liberty.
Now, the lawyers, and those who are not law-
yers, in the House of Commons having decided
that the action of subscribing to aid the insurrec-
tion in Sicily is illegal, I would suggest a means
whereby the law will be respected, at the same
time that a vent will be afforded for the generosity
of British hearts-1 propose to raise a fond for a
testimonial to Garibaldi.

Let free England show, by an imposing mani-
festation, her admiration for the patriot, her hatred
for the tyrant. A meeting will be held in St.
Martin's Hall on Tuesday evening, the 22d. Lists
of subscriptions will be opened for the Garibaldi
Testimonial, which will be forwarded to him by an
English committee. Let every town, every parish
in the kingdom unite in the movement ; and de-
pend upon it, sir, this mighty manifestation of
English sympathies will produce an influence for
good throughout all Europe.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
May 19. T. D. P. HODGE, Hon, Sec.

3IETROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,-By a bill noycr before Parliament brought
in by the above Board, it is sought to take from the
overseers and vestries of all parishes in London,
except the very large ones, the power of making
and collecting the General Rate, Sewer Rate, and
Metropolis Main Drainage Rates, and to transfer
such power to the District Board of Works.
The object of this is quite plain, the District
Boards are much under the control of the Central
Board, which the vestries are not.

Let the ratepayers look to themselves and oppose
the bill by petitioning Parliament.
I am, Sir,
Yours obediently,
ONE WHO DISLIKES CENTRALIZATION.

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :
NAPLES, SATURDAY EVENING.

It is asserted here that the fight at Calatafani
was not decisive. The Neapolitan troops re-entered
Palermo. Two columns of 3,000 men each have
been sent to pursue the insurgents. It is estimated
that 6,000 Sicilians have joined the Garibaldians.

NAPLES, MAY 20, 9.40 P.M.
(OFFICIAL.)

No other encounter has taken place between the
royal troops and the Garibaldians.
Two strong columns are pursuing the remnants
of the dispersed Garibaldians.
The inhabitants remain tranquil.
The ardour and the: valour of the troops are
beyond ail praise.

NAPLES, MAY 15 (via MARSEILLES.)

M. de Carafa has remitted a circular to the diplo-
matic corps, bitterly accusing the Piedmontese Go-
vernment of having, notwithstanding its promise,
allowed bands of volunteers to be enrolled, armed,
and despatched to Sicily. M. de Carafa adds that
this violent attack against international law ex-
poses Italy to sanguinary anarchy, and compro-
mises the whole of Europe. He throws the respon-
sibility on the authors and accomplices of such
criminal actions. The Marquis de Villamarina
has, in the name of Sardinia, protested against
this accusation, which he says is false and inju-
rious. It is believed that Garibaldi will land in
Calabria.

PARIS, MAY 20.

The itioniteur of this morning announces that in
the last sitting of the legislative body the project
of law relative to sugar and coffee was agreed to
by 233 against 3 votes.
The Noniteur also states that the Emperor,
having returned from Motte Beuvron, presided
yesterday at a Council of Ministers.

PARIS, MAY 19.

The Patric says the statement that the division
Bazaine had received counter orders is incorrect.
This division will enter Paris on the 26th inst.

PARIS, MAY 19.

The Pattie of to-day, in speaking of the affair at
Calatafani, says :—" The volunteers having been
attacked with great vigour, energetically defended
themselves, and effected a retreat in good order,
leaving behind a certain number of killed. Accord-
ing to the last advices, the insurrection was being
extended and organised in a great many directions."
The same journal adds that when the detachments
which are being organised will have joined the
volunteers who disembarked at Marsala, the whole
body will number about 12,000 men, all armed and
well provisioned.

TURIN, MAY 19,

Advices from Naples to the 16th inst. state that
the 6th Regiment refused to fire at the people on
the occasion of the demonstration of the 13th inst.

Government intends to appoint Count Trani
Viceroy of Sicily, and to grant a general amnesty
when the insurrection is suppressed.

TURIN, MAY 19.

The committee appointed by the Chamber of
Deputies to consider the treaty of the 24th March
have had a conference with Count Cavour.

The Diritto, an opposition organ, says :—" The
explanations given by the Minister are not satis-
factory to the opposition party. The Minister, on
being requested by the committee to communi-
cate the diplomatic correspondence, replied that
he had no other documents than those already
published. As regards the questions of the boun-
dary, the public debt, and the railways of Savoy,
Count Cavour declared that negotiations were still
pending with France, but nothing had been defini-
tively settled. The committee then demanded the
purpose and the influence of the treaty upon' the
future of Italy. The Minister replied that the
treaty was a grievous necessity."

TURIN, MAY 19.

Besides the Bishop of Faenza and the Vicar of
Bologna, proceedings are being taken against the
Bisbe? of Imola. The Archbishop of Pisa, having
refusei to submit to the orders of the Government,
is to be conveyed by force to Turin.

MARSEILLES, MAY 19.

Advices from Aleppo to the 28th April state that
an address had been posted up at the gates inciting
the inhabitants to massacre the Christiani. The
governor, who has 800 men and cannon, had inter-
fered and arrested the principal leaders. The gar-
rison was considered insufficient. The Christians,
being unarmed, feared a fresh explosion of fana-
ticism.

ALEXANDRIA, MAY 13.

Heavy rains have carried away a portion of the
railway between Cairo and Suez. Travellers to
and from India have thereby baen delayed two
days.
The official French mission for the exploration of
the Red Sea has been well received by Said Pacha.

MADRID, MAY 19.

Elio embarked to-day for France.

The Correspondencia Autografa says :—" It is
not true that Government will propose, and the
Senate vote, the abrogation of the law excluding
Count Montemolin from the throne of Spain."

THE BOMBAY MAILS.
The Panther, with the above mails, arrived at
Marseilles at 11 p.m. on the 19th inst.
The mails left for London at midnight.