The Sun.
London, England, 1869-05-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MAY 21, E-69.

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by which large Tantities of a vitriol solution were,
constantly pour& into the rivers. A new process has
been discovered ly which this solution may be partly
used over again, and partly employed in the manu-
facture of coppras. A palpable purification
of the adjacent rivers has been effected wherever
this process has seen carried out. This is one
instance. As a general rule, the inspectors are of
opinion, not only that a river may be kept pure,
but that it is to the advantage of the manufacturers
to refrain from pdluting it. They are the largest
consumers of water and by the agency of their own
establishments they are being driven more and
more to seek fresh water at a distance. But
so slow is the prcgress of ideas that some very
simple suggestions nade by the inspectors have met
with no attention. The obstruction of rivers by
weirs and darns is a subject of not less importance.
In many cases these weirs cannot be meddled with.
The gradual superseding of water-power by steam
tends to diminish the number of weirs for milling
purposes. But the inspectors think that even now
the Legislature might interfere in forbidding the
useless multiplicaticn of new weirs, and in
promoting the removal of some of the obsolete
old ones. In all other cases facilities for enabling
the salmon to pass the weir ought to be insisted upon.
The injurious effect of these obstructions, in pre-
venting the fish from ascending the stream, is very
great. In the case of the Tyne, the removal of an
insurmountable darn in 1863 speedily changed this
river into one of the most productive in England.
Undoubtedly there is yet ample scope for improve-
ment. The streams of England and Wales which
now produce salmon drain no more than 9,000 square
miles. But the total area suited to this fish
is not less than 46,000 square miles. The
flat districts of the Eastern counties can never be
made productive, but there is scarcely any other part
of England where salmon ought not to be found.
And yet, through the agency ()I oIiZUKUULI,II,
contamination, and general neglect, only one-
fifth of these capabilities are utilised. Here
is clearly much justification for the demands
which have been made for further legislation. A
law forbidding pollution of rivers, restricting the
employment of weirs, and bringing trout under all
the regulations which apply to salmon, might yet
render the most excellent of fish the "food of the
people."

LATEST INTELL MENU

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.

NEW YORK, May 20.
The Anchor Company's steamer Dorian arrived

here to-day.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

CLOSING PRICES.

Gold closed at 143 Z ; the highest quotation dur-
ng the day was 1.448 ; the lowest, 1431.
Sterling Exchange on L0nd0n............ 1098.
5-20 U. S. Bonds, 1889 1238.
" 1885 ................... 1191.
" 1867 ................... 120 i.
. 110.
148.

‘4,
10-40
Illinois

Erie .......................................... 291.
Cotton--Mid. upland .....
Petroleum—Standard White
Flour, extra state, $5.95e. to $6.55c. Corn, old
mixed, 92c.

PLY3IOUTH, May 21.

The Hamburgh and American Company's steamer
Cimbria, from New York, arrived here this morn-
ing. She brings 10 passengers for Plymouth, 31
for Cherbourg, 197 for Hamburg, 51 sacks of mails
for England, 9 for France, 21 for Hamburg, $111,436
in specie for France, and $1,200 for Hamburg.
The passenger and mails for England were landed,
and the latter were. forwarded by the 10.25 a.m.
train. On the 17th May the Cimbria passed the
Advice from Glasgow, on the 18th the Allemannia,
and on the 20th a Bremen steamer bound west.
The Cimbria performed the passage in 9 days 10

.)111'S.

QUEENSTOWN, May 21.

The Cunard Royal Mail steamship Scotia, from
New York, arrived here at 5 a.m. to-day, with 244
cabin passengers, and $lO,OOO in specie. She
lauded 65 sacks of mails, 48 passengers, and pro-
ceeded for Liverpool at 5.15. All well.

SPAIN.

MADRID, May 21 (Morning).

In last evening's sitting of the Constituent Cortes,
Senor Rios Rosas replied to Senor Castelar's
speech, by defending monarchical institutions and
the members of the Orleans family against Senor
Castelar's attack. The Colonial Minister said—
The originators of the revolution would never
have undertaken the task had they suspected
that the result would be the establishment of a
republic. Finally the Chamber adopted the mo-
narchical clauses by 21.4 against 71 votes.
Senor Castelar, in his speech yesterday, ac-
knowledged the virtues of the Duke de Montpen-
sier, but said that being a Bourbon it was impos-
sible for him to be King.

In reply to this, Admiral Topete, the Minister of
Marine, declared that the Duke de Montpensier
was the best candidate.

INDIA AND CHINA MAILS.
Sea, May 21.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Deccan, from Calcutta on the 27th ult., arrived

here this morning•

BOMBAY MAIL.

MARSEILLES, May 21.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Massilia arrived at 4.30, and the mails leave for
London at 11.30 this morning.

GIBRALTAR, May 20•

The Vera, from Southampton 15th inst., arrived
at one, and leaves for Alexandria at four this after-
noon. All well.

ROUMANIA.

BUCHAREST, May 20.

The Chamber has elected Constantine Neri as
President, and Aletandri Rosiaun Balsch and Con-
taigzin vice-Presidents.

The municipal elections throughout the country
are in favour of the Government.

FRANCE.
BOURSE, May 20,—Three o'clock—The marke
closed as follows :

per Cent.
End of month —
3 per Cent
End of month 7l 95
Credit Mobilier
End of month 2G! 50
Credit Fonder 1620
End of month —
RAILWA'

Bank Shares 2980
Ital'an Fives 57 60
End of month —
111exican Loan
Do. Bonds l6l
Spanish Threes
Homo Debt —
Deferred —
Cash

Orleans .... 917}
Northern .., 1072f
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern__ ..... -..
Western
Eastern •• ........................
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard 477
North of Spain
Saragossa
Roman 631

On Wednesday the 42d Highlanders were in-
spected in the Queen's-park, Edinburgh, by Major-
General Rumley, commander of the forces in Scot-
land. The regiment went through a variety of
movements, and at the close of the inspection the
Major- General complimented the men on their
steadiness, soldier-like appearance, and admirable
drill.

SPEECHES ON EDUC A TION.

MR. FORSTER ON TILE GOVERNMENT
MEASURES.

A large number of distinguished men came together at I
Leeds on Wednesday. The occasion was that of the
thirty-second annual conference of the Yorkshire Union
of Mechanics' Institutes. The Right Hon. W. E.
Forster presided. He spoke at great length on the
position of the educational question. He said it was
impossible for the State to interfere in the matters of
education and relief of the poor without some degree of
danger, which must be instantly guarded against. A
poor man must be made to understand that education was
not given as a matter of charity, but a work of co-opera-
tion. It was the duty of Government when dealing with
education to consider the question as a great whole, and it
was the business of the State to turn the Universities and
the endowed schools into great national institutions, to
which all parties and all creeds had access. Grammar
schools had been too much forgetful of the poor, and there
had been too much aping of the education of Eton. If that
departure from the necessities of these days had not
occurred, the secondary schools would have better answered
their purposes. Speaking of the universities, he said a
man could not obtain his degree until he was 22, and he
complained that the time was much longer than it need
be. Boarding schools, he considered, had arisen from the
secondary classes imitating the ways of those above them.
It was said they must be very careful how they changed
the standard of education ; that it would be disadvantageous
to those who were born with silver spoons in their mouths.
He believed the day was goneby when men were born rulers,
and no arrangement would be more unjust to the gentlemen
of England than to give them educational establishments
exclusively to themselves. The more efficient the educa-
tion of great schools was made, the more efficient would
be the education in the schools for the poorer classes. It
had been his duty to inquire into the education of the
working classes, and he found that unless they made the
grammar schools teachers of what was wanted, they would
be no longer schools of the greatest use, schools in which
the cleverest boys of the working classes could be brought
up. The great feature of his bill was to make use of these
endowments for the development of talent wher-
ever it could he found. At present there was very little
~,,.ants If they were
to keep pace with other countries, they could not afford to

let any talent lie dormant, and they must call it out and
give it opportunity to rise. He hoped to see every large
town in the country rating itself to have one of these
reformed grammar schools, because they would see how
good they were; and the time would come when in all
elementary, national, and British schools there would be
exhibitions by means of which the cleverest boy
would be able to ascend to the greatest position. He was
glad to find that at Birmingham, Faversham, and
other places, including Doncaster, the main provision
of his bill had been anticipated. In his bill there were
two ideas—one, a reform of the endowed schools by a
temporary commission; and the other, a good system
of examination and the means of raising the educa-
tional profession by means of an Educational Council.
This last idea had attracted a good deal of attention
in Yorkshire, but his first object was to provide
some means by which the endowed schools when reformed
might be kept good. He had wished to provide some
machinery which should shew the trustees how the masters
were teaching, and also that there should be a sort of
guarantee by the granting of certificates that the master
appointed was fit for teaching. Schoolmasters were not
considered as they ought to be as a profession, as one of
the noblest Nofessions. He sought to appoint an Educa-

tional Council, and the idea was a new one, but he thought
the more schoolmasters and parents looked at it the more
they would like it. Asking what mechanics' institutions

had to do with all this, he said they would be the means of

providing bridges from one class of schools to another, so
that the poor child should have the chance, if he had the
faculty, of becoming a scholar for the benefit of his country.
Ignorance was weakness, and weakness meant pauperism
and crime. There never was a time when people in Eng-
land were more proud of the glory of their country and
wished to maintain it, and that could onlybe done by help-
ing to make each individual stronger, and increasing
his culture. He would not admit secular teaching to be
on a par with religion, but the greater faculty you can
give a boy the better he was for the clergyman to deal
with.

Mr. BAINES, M.P., made a few observations in
taking leave of an old and bygone controversy, which.
he said, was a battle that was fought with some perseve-
rance and gallantry and with honest attachment to the
cause of education by many. He stated briefly what had
caused him in a great measure to resign himself to the ac-
ceptance of State aid in the great work of education.
The great and important political change which had taken
place had made every man a more important man than ho
was. Now every rat epayer might be said to be almost a
member of the Government, and he was one of those who
decided the form of education that was to be given—in
fact the whole people had been made agents in one grand
voluntary system. The next consideration that influenced
him was that he saw the immense value of examination
and inspection in the work of education.
Mr. MuNDELLA, M.P., was strongly of opinion that the
future success and stability of Eni'land depended upon the
solving of the question of education. He considered-that
education oupt to be made compulsory, and that such a
system would only be obtained by the demand of the
working classes themselves, inasmuch as the middle classes
did not as yet sufficiently appreciate the great want.
Mr. CARTER, M.P., was glad that Mr. Mundella's
advocacy of a system of compulsory education met with
approval. Since he went to London he had been convinced
that the Ministers of the Crown and the members of
Parliament believed that the working classes did notwish
for a system of compulsory education, and it would be for
the working classes to convince them that they were in
favour of such a system.
In reply somewhat to this, Mr. FORSTER said: If
Government attempted to do what public opinion was not
ready for, there would be a reaction, which would probably
throw them back. That, however, did not in the slightest
degree diminish his desire and expectation to arrive at the
state of things which he had already sketched out.

Belgravia as their criterion in this respect. If our American
friends had gone into the workshops of England
they would have heard quite a different story—far the
sympathies of the English people were fully in favour of
the abolition of slavery. In his opinion there could be
no war between America and England, for there could
be no real antagonistic feeling between people mutually
speaking the English language and of kindred tastes and
habits.
The right hon. gentleman was followed by Mr. Miall,
M.P., and other speakers.