The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-21 00:00:00

L'Y-Tr•ON, TITURSD...I.Y, AUGUST 21, 1856.

It is very well to speak of conducting wars in
a more humane and generous spirit, but we must
not be led agile by any sentimental feeling from
a straightforward an I practical view of the sub-
ject. 'lt is, of course, desirable that as little suf-
fering as poisible should be entailed on persons
not engaged in the actual business of war. Life
should, in every instance, be respected. The
moment a belligerent lays down his arms he
ceases to be a foe, and those who were ready to
encounter the greatest risks to destroy him a
moment before gill brave equal danger to rescue
him wlienlialias made the appeal al misericordiam.
There is, however, a diff3rence respecting pro-
perty--where it cannot prove serviceable to the
enemy, and where its destruction will only
occasion loss and misery to innocent per-
sons it will naturally and properly be
spared. Wanton damage for the mere sake of
mischief is justly reprehended and severely
punished. But whenever it may become ser-
viceable to the enemy's troops, it will unhesitat-
ingly be seized or destroyed without any notion
of giving compensation to the owners. The
right unquestionably exists, although it is seldom
reserted to ; but no general rule could or would
be made that private property should be invari-
ably respected under any and every circumstance,
or that the nation whose troops had committed
damage should be found to make full compensa-
tion to the parties injured.

But there is a great difference between pro-
perty at sea and property on land. It is by
means of its trade and commerce that a
nation is enabled to obtain the "sinews
of war," and to keep its armies in the field—its
navy at sea. The most effectual way of bringing
a nation to its senses is generally the stopping its
vessels, and preventing its flag from being ex-
hibited on any sea or ocean. Even then, strictly
private property, that is to say, what belongs to
passengers, and cannot properly be classed under
the head of merchandise, is usually respected,
save by the semi piratical privateers, who are by
no means particular in their transactions, and
would just as soon plunder friends as foe 3, if op-
portunity offered.

There is another, and very striking distinction
between the property on land and water. In the
former case the owner does not make any attempt
to dispose of it or change its nature. He is com-
pelled to retain it where it is situated, and does
not voluntarily place it in danger. But it is dif-
ferent with respect to merchandise. There
a person deliberately counts his chances,
and calculates the risks ho is about to
encounter. He will not engage therein unless
the prospect seems favourable, and offers greater
profits in the event of success. A man is there-
for© not so greatly to be pitied, if the result should
be unfavourable, as the man who had no „oh
option allowed. The analogy drawn by Mr.

Nancy, therefore, by no moans holds good.
Besides, he himself refuses to assent to what,
after all, is little better than organised and legal
piracy—the greatest scourge of war, and the chief
ause of damage to private individuals.
As Mr. MARCY has rejected the most important
of all the points, the others necessarily fall to the
ground, so far as the United States are concerned.
f,; was distinctly and positively stated by Lord
CLARENDON that any of the principles could not
be appealed to by Governments that refused their
acceptance of the whole. Without the participa-
tion of America the arrangement can be of little
practical utility, and ought, therefore, to be re-
pealed at the first favourable opportunity. Lord
CLARENDON owes it to the nation to get us out of
the difficulty in which we have been so improperly
involved.

When are we to get rid of the German Legion ?
Some have already been discharged with gratui-
ties and other benefits that might well excite the
envy of our own soldiers. But the Germans are
manifestly the favoured race, and " the mere
English" must submit to being slighted and dis-
regarded in every possible way. We may rail at
" German cormorants," but, according to the
old proverb, we must " grin and bear it " with
the greatest amount of patience possible under
the circumstances.

But it appears that we are not to get rid of
the parties quite so easily or speedily as antici-
pated. If we do not know when we have good
soldiers they know when they have good pay-
masters, and are not disposed to surrender their
comfortable quarters without a struggle. It is
true that they have displayed great insubor-
dination, and have been always ready to
wield against Englishmen the arms which
were never drawn against the enemies of
England. But they have a friend at Court.
The back-stairs' influence is all in their favour.
We are told on very respectable authority
(the Essex Herald), that Bergholt Heath has been
surveyed as a place of encampment for two regi-
ments, and that negotiations have been carried on
for the hire of the Freehold Land Society's ground
near the railway station at Colchester as a place
of encampment.
It certainly was not anticipated that England
was to be saddled with a permanent corps—a
standing German Legion. It undoubtedly was
the object at the time that the obnoxious Foreign
Enlistment Bill was brought forward, but we had
hoped that the almost unanimous voice of public
opinion, clearly and unequivocally expressed,
would have put a quietus on the scheme. We
find, however, that the snake is scotched—not
killed. " The Prince's Own" seem to anticipate
a protracted sojourn ; and now that the militia
has been disembodied, without receiving all that
they were justly entitled to, we may have argu-
ments put forward as to the propriety of retaining
the services of these mercenaries. If Lord HAIL.
DINGE still nominally presided at the Horse
Guards, allowing the control and direction
to remain in other hands, we should have
but slender hopes of getting rid of the
incubus. We have now, however, a General
Commanding-in-Chief who has an opinion of his
own, and who will not permit his name to be
sullied for acts for which he is not really respons-
ible. The debates in Parliament, articles in
public journals, discussions in the clubs, and
wherever bodies of persons are collected together,
all show the strong objections entertained, by men
of all classes and grades in society, to the gairi-
sons of England being occupied by foreign mer-
cenaries. They have themselves shown that they
are rather inclined to break thin to preserve the
peace. Were it even otherwise, their presence
naturally exasperates the people, and leads to
comments which, if heard, might be very unpleas-
ing to Princely ears. We can scarcely imagine
anything more impolitic than retaining them.
The cry will soon be not only, when shall we get
rid of the Legion, but when shall we free our-
selves from the Germans ? It will find an echo
in every district in the land, and may possibly
lead to very disagreeable results. We would
emphatically caution those in high places not to
lend themselves to anything calculated to produce
so much vexation and dissatisfaction amongst the
tax-paying community. It may be very agree-
able to H.R.H. to have a body guard of bis own
countrymen ; but, as he has cast his lot with
England, he must learn to conform to the feelings
and wishes of the people, who have provided a
♦ery snug and comfortable home for himself, al-
though he may be disposed to consider them un-
founded prejudices.

Russia is said to nourish—and there can he
little doubt does nourish—an intense fee:ing of
animosity towards this country on account of the
part we took in the War. It is very ungrateful
of her if she does, for she is really very much ii;-
debted to us—at all events, to our Government.
No doubt she regards us aq, in the long ran, the
most dangerous opponent, as well as the most
invidious rival she can have ; and attributes to
the naval strength our Government was compelled
to put -forth the formidable attitude the Allied
forces were enabled to assume towards the conclu-
sion of the War; and far be it from us to deny that
she is right. What suffering she has undergone
is, in. the main, attributable to us, for without
our transports and the military appliances
brought to bear against her by means of our
shipping the Allied forces could hardly have
maintained their ground before Sebastopol.
But let her look at the credit aide of the ledger,
and she will see how little cause she has to com-
plain, and, consequently, how ungenerous it is on
her part to cherish animosity against us.
Had we not joined in the War and assisted our
allies, what would have been her case ? Russia
would not have been called upon to put forth all
her strength, and would, in all probability, have
gone on in ignorance of her weak points. For
the knowledge of these, at the present time, she
is chiefly indebted to us. To whom else can she
with so much fairness attribute the insight
she has got into the ineffective condition of her
fleets, the weakness of her fortresses, and the im-
portance to her welfare of the construction of
railways? And to whom, if not to our Govern-
ment, or those in the background who pull the
strings that control its action, is she indebted for
" the Precious Peace" which, finding her compara•
tively unhurt, affords her the opportunity
to turn the knowledge she has acquired b am-
n
Really she count ?must be an ingrate of the
first magnitude. Already her fleet has undergone
a reform and been augmented in numbers as well
ag efficiency ; her fortresses are pronounced im-
disciplined in the War, are
pregnable; her troops,
turned against the independent tribes of the
Caucasus ; and a cloud of capitalists hovers over
her frontiers, to obtain permission to intersect her
barren wastes and cultivated soil with railways,
so that ere long she must be tenfold more formid-
able in the eyes of Europe. Instead of cherish
ing animosity towards us, the name of England
ought to be engraved on her heart and carved on
every Russian fortress and railway station as that of
her greatest benefactor—one that loved Russia
better:thau herself 1

Miss Catherine Hayes, it is said, has accepted an en-1
gagement at the Surrey Gardens for a short time.
We learn that Mr. Macaulay is about to travel to
Venice, and on his return will proceed vigorously with
his history.—Edinburgh. Courant.
The MEDITERRANEAN COMMAND.—Rear Admiral Sir
Houston Stewart, it is said, will succeed Admiral Lord
Lyons, as commander in chief of the fleet in the Mediter-
ranean.—Plymoitth Mail.
THE NAVAL COMMAND IN CHIEF IN THE INDIES.—It
is not iinprobs.blo that Rear-Admiral Fremantle, whose
flag has been flying on board the Leander, in the Black
Sea, will succeed Rear-Admiral Fanshawe as c im-
roander.in-cbief in the West Indies. The time of this
last-na.ned gallant officer expires next month, but it does
not necessarily follow that he will be superseded so
earl• or at all, until the American questions are really
fin ally settled.—Plymouth Mail.
THE AMERICAN MAIM—LIVERPOOL, Aug. 20.
The United Statfas mail steamer:Ericsson sailed to•day
at half-past 12 o'clock, for New York, with 27 passen-
ge s and a general cargo.
THE AUSTItALIAN MAILS.--LIVERPOOL, Aug. 20.
The royal mail clipper ship White Star, Capt. R. Brown,
bei3og',rg to Messrs. Pilkington and Wilson's " White
Star" line of Australian mail packet ships, left the Mer-
ReY at one o'clock to-day, for Melbourne, with the fort-
mails, 370 passengers, and a very full cargo of
general mer3han gal. The Marco Polo, belonging to
the " Black Ball" line, will be the pail packet of the Eih
proximo,

THE MAILS.—LIVERPOOL, Aug. 20.—As stated on
Monday, the royal mail clipper ship White Star Failed
from this port for Melbourne to-day, having a full cargo
and 400 passengers on board, among whom was Mr.
Lurmour, agent for the new European and Australian
Steam-ship Cnnpany, and family. The United States
mail steam-ship Ericsson sailed for New York to-day
with 25 passengers ; and also, this afternoon, the Afri-
can *ail steamer Niagara took her departure hence for
Plymout'i, where she will take on board passengers and
the mails.

DEATH OF Da. Born.---The Scotsman announces the
death of Dr. Boyd, one of the classical masters in the
High School of Edinburgh. Dr. Boyd has been con.
nected with the High School since 1829, and was pre-
♦iously one of the teachers in Heriot's Hospital.
TRANSPORTS —A list has just been published of the
number of ships engaged as regular transports between
January, 1855, and April, 1856, amounting in all to
245. Various particulars are appended of the dates of
their engagement and discharge, their tonnage and horse
power, &c.

THE SECRET OF LARGE " CHEAP" CIRCULATIONS.-
The other day oneof the cheap London daily newspapers
sent down to Manchester, to be sold for waste paper,
6,i tons of its returner!, copies. The paper before it was
printed cost 7d. per, lb. ; when sold it is most probable
that it did not realise 2d. per lb.—Liverpool Paper.
THE MANCEIEGTER STATUE OF WELLINGTON.- The
new~tatue, by Mr. Noble, of the late Duke of Welling-
ton was plac,Jd upon its pedestal in front of the Man-
chester infirmary yesterday morning. A canvas cover-
ing part:iy screens it from observation, and this will not
be re`lovcd until the inauguration, which is fixed for
the 311th inst.

The whole of the engineer equipment belonging to
the Turkish Contingent, which is sufficient for upwards
of 20,000 men, has arrived in the River Medway, in the
ship William, from Kertch. The powder she brought
home has been landed at Gilling,ham, and safely placed
in the powder magazine. The stores are to be selected
and put together, and handed over to the, Royal Engi-
neer Department of the garrison.
A STEAMER WRECKED.-, fraASERBURGH, Aug. 18.—
On Thursday, the 14th inst., about 11 a.m., the screw
Ammer Taurus, of and for Varel from Glasgow, wlbh
300 tons of coal for ballast, went on shore on Rattray
Head, about nine miles south of this placel; the wea-
ther at the time was very fine and clear. She is a new
vessel, on her first voyage. The wind blew strong
yesterday from E.N.E., and still continues, with a heavy
sea, so that she is not expected to be got og.
SOUTH WALES RAlLWAY.—Yesterday the proprietors
of this railway held their 23d half-yearly meeting at the
Great "Western Hotel, Paddington ; Mr. C. R. M.
Talbot, M.P., presided. The report was adopted, and
resolutions for the payment of the preference dividends
and for the payment of a dividend at the rate of 31. 10s.
per cent. for the half-year on the ordinary stock were
passed.
NORTH AND SOUTHWESTERN JUNCTION RAILWAY.
—The directors report that the total receipts from all
sources during the past half-year are larger by 26i per
cent. than those of the corresponding six months of 1855;
and the balance, after deducting all outgoings and the
interest on the debentures, is nearly 484 per cent. more
than that of the 30th June, 1855. With the balance
left Moen last half-year, the amount available for divi-
dend is sufficient to pay 2. per cent. for the past six
months, and leave the sum of 1491. Bs. Bd. to be carried
for ward. This dividend is 1 per cent. more than was
declared in August last year.
REPEAL OF SLEEPING STATUTES.—Among the acts
passed in the last session was one to repeal 118 statutes
not in use, called sleeping statutes, including laws from
Edward I. to the reign of George 111. One act in Ed-
ward V. was that "Night-walkers and suspected per.
sons be safely kept," and another (the let of Henry IV.)
was " For the punishment of the Mayor, &0., of London
for defaults eammitted there." The titles of some of the
lawn were curious.

Wirila —Probate of the will of Mr: Henry Hoare
lase been granted by the Prerogative Court of Canter.
bury ; personalty 99,0001. Mr. Thomas Dickins, 11,e-
gent-street, 50,000/. Mr. M. A. Borthwick, St. James's,
20,0001. Mr. Thomas Sharwood, Aldersgate-street,
16,0001. The will of Mr. Joseph Mailaby, of Loaley
Park, in the county of Stafford, personalty has been
sworn under 2,0001., within the province of Canterbury,
and under 70,0001. within the provinces of York.
Ti SIJAPHGTED MURDER AT HAMPTON COURT.--
S nee the coroner's inquest relative to the death 01 L3WiS
Solomons, who was found in the Thames at Hampton
Court, with several severe stabs in his body, the police
have been prosecuting an active investigation into the
matter, but nothing has been elicited calculated to
dispel the mystery in which the affair is enveloped.
No trace of the arrival of the deceased in Hampton
Court on the day when he was missed has been dis•
covered. The surgeon who made the post mortem
examination states, that though there a-i 3 several stabs
in deceased's side, the Guernsey shirt which completely
covered the upper part of his b00..y has not been per-
forated.

THE WEATHER AND TF E CROPS.—The weather has
been very fine, with, an occasional light refreshing
show
MOOId a ratl'3 oottler atmosphere. The wheat har-
vest progresses
ander very favourable circumstances ;
much has been cut, and a little carried. The ripening
bas been
.d 9 rapid that the quantity will not be so great
as was. expected ; the shocks are also not so thick on the
gr:And, yet it shows a good average. A great breadth
of the early barley has been carried in fine condition ;
the late will be rather thin. Beans are ripening fast ;
they show plenty of corn and no blight. The turnip
crop is improved, but many of the late &Anted are very
iniLfferent. Mangold is doing well, and bids lair to be a
heevy crop. All kinds of keeping are getting scarce.—
oxford Journal, Aug. 16.
CHURCHES OF COLOURED PEOPLE IN WASHINGTON.
A writer in the Washington Era states that there is a
good degree of thrift and industry among the coloured
people in that city, notwithstanding the discouragement's
of tio.dr po,ition Their number is ten teou,and, which
is ri.bmit one-fourth of the number of whites. They own
11 places of worship, the aggregate value of which is
nearly $40,000. Ten of the coloured congregations pay
their pastors on an average $650 each, besides marria,ze

. .
fees and oLlier perquisites; making a total of $6,500
yearly for the maintenance of a preached Gospel, over
and above tbe'expense of keeping the houses, fuel, re-
pairs, &c. There are above 1,000 children in the Sab-
bath schools, who are mostly taught by members of the
several congregations. This is a hopeful picture of their
condition.

ARRIVAL IN LIVERPOOL OF THE GOVERNOR OF

CUB©.—His Excellency Don Jose Dials, the governor of
Cuba, was among the passengers by the royal mail
steamer Persia, wqich arrived in the Mersey, on Friday
night, from New York. His Excellency put up at the
Adeiphi Hotel ; and on Monday afternoon, accompanied
by M. Thomaso, the Spanish interpreter, residing in
Liverpo'3l, paid a visit to St. George's Hail, the assize
courts, and expressed himself in high terms of
praise at the beauty and magnificent proportions of the
noble structure. In the evening his Excellency left for
Birmingham, whence he will proceed to London. Be.
fore he returns to his native country, we understand
that his Excellency purposes visiting Manchester.—
M anch,ester Guardian.

ROYAL BEMIPWOLENOII.—The late Sir J. Milley Doyle,
K.C.8., although decorated with honours which had
been conferred on him by the sovereigns of England,
Portugal, Spain, and the Ottoman Empire, died in very
straightened circumstances, occasioned, as he aileged,
by hie not receiving a large sum of money—about
15,0001.—due to him from the Portuguese Gocernment,
as Commander-in-Chief of the Liberwin,g Army in that
country, although his claims were admitted to be per-
fe qtly just, by the Duke of Palmella, the Brazilian
Consul, General Antonio de Silva, at Lisbon, Berm
Soliguac, late Commander-in-Chi,f of the Portuguese
Forces under Don Pedro, and also by Lords Brougham
and Cottenham, Lord High Chancellor of England,
as being in strict accordance with the contnot
mach with the British Auxiliary Forces. Sir John,
at his death, left a sister ninety years old,
totally unprovided for; and this circumstance
having been brought to the knowleige of her Ma.
jesty through the kindness of Vi count Palmerston, to
whom, as well as her Majesty, Sir John was personally
kn.Jwn, the Queen, with her characteristic kindness, has
loHn graciously pleased to settle the sum of .501. per
annual as a peesion for life on this aged lady, and Vis-
count Palmerston, in the kinde4 manner, also sent her
401. from she royal bounty fund for present contingen-
cies. Any observations on such noble actions as those
of too Sovereign and her Minister would be superfluous.

SALE OF CROWN ESTATES.—About 1,500 acres of
free:sold land, the property of the Crown, were offered
for sale by auction, by Messrs. Driver, of London, at
the Court-house, Epworth, on Thursday last. The pro•
pertv consisted of the manors of Epworth and WeA-
CVOa-d, together with a quantity of arable and grass
land, farmhouses, and buildings. The sale was at-
ten-.led by many of the leading gentlemen and solici-
tors of the Isle of Axholmo and surrounding districts.
The, manors of Epworth and Westwood, with their fines,
chicfrents, &c., were sold to Mr. G. S. Lister, of Hirst
Priory, for 5,1501. Seventy-five acres of warp land in
0 ~-t.os parish were sold to Mr. W. E.l2Tobson :Kettleby
Thorpe, for 3,7611. 179 acres of similar land near
Haxey were sold to Mr. Black'of Leverton, fur 3,6901.
A. farm in Belton and Epworth parishes, consisting of
141 acres, was bought in at 5,0001., the highest bid pre-
viously
being 4,0001. A few other lots were also un-
sold, but the great bulk of the property was disposed of,
and the sale realised about 23,0001.