The Sun.
London, England, 1860-06-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 18, 1860

rival7Ptilitical parties made their feats in shipbuild-
ing part of their boasts on the hustings at the last
election. The vast size of his army, far beyond
anything requisite for defence, had been long
known; but, soon after the Crimean war, a naval
commission revealed the fact that his navy had
been steadily increased also. Its magnitude was
equal to our own, with no need for it whatever, for
honest purposes; and it became quite clear; that
he had not only mustered an army from which he
could spare Zany day 100,000 men, against whom
we could not bring 30,000 ; but that he had pro-
vided the means for placing them on our shores at
a few hours' notice. Soldiers, railways, steam-
ships, a naval conscription were all in readiness,
certainly not to defend France, whom none threat-
ened, but in sufficient strength to attack England at
pleasure.

Some of the French journals, and some confiding
men at home, laugh at our periodical panics. But
it has no been merely a periodical thing. A pru-
dent untrenabling fear has grown with the reason-
able causes for it. If the EMPEROR chooses to keep
a uselessly large fleet, but only an army from which
he could not spare men for an invasion ; or if, on
on the other hand, with an army big enough to
overrun Europe, he would limit his means of trans-
port,—in either case no immediate danger would
threaten England. He does the very reverse ! He
creates a combined naval and military force avail-
able at a day's notice, and specially adapted for an
attack on England. Russia is the only Power, be-
sides ourselves, which could even pretend to dispute
the mastery of the seas with him ; and of her, as a
naval Power, locked up now in the Baltic, and
frozen in there for six months in the year, he could
have no fear, He has created his vast fleet, a fleet
manned in four-and-twenty hours by his conscrip-
tion,—he has created it against England, either to
overawe her while he lords it elsewhere, or to invade
her, or both. It were childish not to see this ;it
were folly to despise the fact. We must look it in
the face. We must be able to present a counter
fact. What shall that be ?

Mr. COBDEN himself, a determined peace man
surely, but yet one who retains his English com-
mon sense, has acknowledged that with our
colonies so widely scattered all over the world,
we need three ships to every two of the
EMPEROR'S. Even he, too, has said, that he

would as readily Tote a hundred millions
as fifty, for insurance against a probable attack.
The question is, then, are we to go on for ever in-
creasing our navy and coast fortifications, at an
enormous cost, because our neighbour chooses to
make himself every year more dangerous to us
An armed peace is becoming to us, and indeed
to all Europe, more costly than war, by its intoler-
able annual drain on our revenue. There is not a
household in England, above the class of working
men, which is not heavily mulcted this year, to
pay a yet heavier penalty next year, be-
cause Louis NAPOLEON is become the danger
to all. If we do not fear him, it is because we
tax ourselves, and deprive ourselves of domestic
comforts, that we may feel safe. From ten to
fifteen millions at least of our taxes are but in-
surance against the army, the navy, and the worth-
lessness of the professions of NAPOLEON 111.
Can we wonder at the question we hear so
often gravely asked will not open war be
cheaper ? If Louis NAPOLEON, will not consent
to a navy two-thirds only the size of ours—if he
will not reduce it at once to that amount—if he
will not allow us to take suitable guarantees for
the observance of that proportion—so long as he
keeps an army disposable for invasion of his
neighbours—then will it not be cheaper, dreadful
as the alternative may be to destroy Cherbourg
at once, and convert it into a Sebastopol, and to
destroy also one half of his present navy ? We
will not now answer this frequent interrogatory,
but we warn the Emperor of the French that it
is uttered in England with increasing frequency.
Either he must reduce his navy, or it will become
necessary to reduce it for him.

Who will not wish a happy and prosperous voy-
age to the Great Eastern ? The Leviathan steam-
ship having slipped her moorings in the Southamp-
ton waters at 8 a.m. yesterday (Sunday the 17th
June, 1860), and having, as we have all learnt
with interest, threaded in safety " the narrow
and tortuous channel" down the Solent and
through the Needles, is now, by this time,
fairly on her first ocean voyage. With wind
fair, and everything promising a good passage,
we will hope for the very best for her; the
quickest passage on record, let us trust ; the
smoothest; and, to complete all, a comfortable
anchorage at length within the bar at New York,
in the United States. Until the voyage has
actually been accomplished we can expect
only the most fragnientary jottings by the
way in regard to the great ship's doings and
whereabouts. Where she was sighted, for example,
the speed she was going at, and so forth. Even
before she had well got away from our shores we
read with interest the telegraphic intimations given
to us thus fragmentdrily. Yesterday evening, let us
say, at ten minutes after seven, when the great
ship was sighted from the Camera on the
Hoe ; or, again, a little later, say at twenty
minutes after eight, when she was apparently
in a line with the Eddystone lighthouse. At
about which time and place the telegram says
tersely—" Wind southerly ; very light : fOur or
more funnels smoking : paddle and screw going : no
canvas set "—every scrap of which news has its
interest. After all her trials, and delays, and acci-
dents, then, the Great Eastern, it is consolatory to
think, now is at length actually " off "
on her first deep - sea voyage. Not a
man or woman amongst us but will wish her
heartily Godspeed to the end. She is freighted well
with these good wishes from home; and we cannot
doubt for an instant but that her welcome, on her
approach to the shores of America, will be propor-
tioned in cordiality and enthusiasm to
the magnitude of the whole entciprize.
Her first gallant Captain, her great and gifted
Engineer, have neither of them, unhappily, sur-
vived to witness the consummation of their hopes.
But their intentions are at length in her regard
being carried out with admirable precision.
Nothing appears to have been' overlooked in the
way of cautious preparation. Everything seems
to have been scrupulously done that could be done
with the utmost degree of forethought. The Board
of Trade has given. its assistance in the way of
advice, and that advice has been carefully attended
to without any mistaken hesitations about the in-
crease of expenditure. If ever an enterprise de-
served to succeed, this bold and unparalleled enter-
prise of the Great Eastern has deserved it unques-
tionably. Money, skill, industry, patience, genius,
courage, ingenuity—have all been lavished upon it.
Every one who has had anything to do with it,
from the highest to the lowest, has nobly done Lis
duty. lAA Us now rest confident in our earnest
hope that all these immense and protracted labours
are about to be recompenced, and that the history
of the Great Eastern, hitherto made up of anxious,
or painful, or disappointing incidents, will hence-
forth be one long record of voyages, safe and
swift, and largely remunerative.

THE SUN.
LONDON, MONDAY, JUNE 18, 1860.

-ob.-

LOUTS NAPOLEON was born in the year 1808 ;
and what he does he must do quickly. He can
hardly, with common prudence, have laid plans
requiring very energetic personal action, or even
severe personal attention, for more than the next
ten years ; but Europe must feel, unless bereft of
reason, that those ten years will be for her years of
the most watchful solicitude. We really have no
wish whatever to be needless alarmists ; no wish to
incur the denunciations of the Manchester School,
several of whom are men of pre-eminent abilities,
as well as unquestionable integrity, though like
other men liable to be one-sided in their -views ;
nor have we the slightest wish to say a word need-
lessly irritating to our neighbours across the water,
or to their very clever iuler. But we must claim
for ourselves the right to discuss the bearings of
notorious facts, and assert for our country the neces-
sity and duty of not being behind the hour.

We have had very practical lessons lately. The
cost of our army and navy trebled; our taxation
rising to more than the really unimaginable sum
of £70,000,000 ; our Income Tax raised to ten-
pence, with the intimation that next year it may
be a round five per cent. on the labour, of our
bands or our brains. A report of a defence com-
mission, which, although leaving the heart of the
country undefended, may run us up a bill of
£12,000,000,--these are some of the lessons which
the dullest can understand, and which remind us
that there is, somewhere, a cause for all this.
That cause is FRANCE, ; France, especially under
the present regime. We do not pretend that the
EMPEROR is the sole cause; the Prince DE JOIN-
VILLE, under the rule of the Citizen King, also
M. THEIRS, under the same Monarch, and even
M. GUIZOT, though in a more diplomatic and dirty
Iray, all showed that the delight of France is to
outwit England ; and the two former that it was
her delight to be able to defy her by bayonets and
broadsides. LOUIS NAPOLEON has but succeeded
to an inheritance, of which the general condition
is, that France should hold the whole Continent in
suzerainty, and the special one that England
should be ,
lolaioled for the deeds of NELSON and
of WELLINGTON.

LOUIS NAPOLEON is, however,. beyond all com-
parison the most able, the most cunning, and the
most determined of Frenchmen with whom we
have had to do as the promoters of the policy of
French aggrandizemcnt. It may ho a necessity to
a military tenure of the throne; but the fact is
undoubted. Till the days of IOTNVILLE, TULIPS,
and GUIZOT, we had no el:mit, Wh t
ever of alarm ;
and even for them we hardly put
Ourselves out of
the way. But, with the seizure of the Empire by
the refugee from our shores, our rulers of every
party soon felt that their course must be changed.
Amidst all their cordial professions and words they
felt that their deeds must be changed ; and so er -
tirely did the country sympathise with them, that

LATEST E

The, following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :
CONGRESS AT BADEN BADEN.

says :—" Several cardinals have, it is stated, pro-
posed to the Pope, in order to meet the wants of
the State, though to a very limited extent, to sell
the last estate NN hi ch remains in the hands of the
Sacred College. This property, which is situated
on the banks of the Lake of Trasimene, scarcely
yields a revenue of more than 16,000 f, a ycar,which
serves to enable their Eminences to carry out cer-
tain ancient rights ; and, among others, that of pre-
cedence at Pontifical ceremonies. lam not aware
whether his Holiness has consented to this sacrifice
so generously offered."

BADEN, JUNE 18.

A conference was held yesterday afternoon at the
residence of the King of Bavaria, and was attended
by the four Kings and by the Grand Dukes of
Hesse, Darmstadt, and Nassau.

Before dinner the Emperor Napoleon presented
the Grand Cordon of the Legion of Honour to the
King of Hanover.
In the evening there was an assemblee at the
villa of the Duchess of Hamilton. At this assem-
blee the Emperor took leave of the Sovereigns, all
of whom were present, and departed at 10 p.m. for
Strasburg.

PARIS, MONDAY.
The Emperor :arrived at the Tuileries at ten
o'clock this morning.
A Council of Ministers was held immediately
afterwards.
The Itloniteur of this morning publishes the fol-
lowing despatch :

" BADEN, SUNDAY.
" A grand dinner took place to-day at five
o'clock, in the Ducal Palace of Baden.
" The Emperor leaves at 10 p.m., and will arrive
in Paris on the 18th inst. at 10 a.m."

BADEN, JUNE 16.

The Emperor, after his arrival yesterday, dined
with his suite. At about 8 30 p.m. the Prince
Regent, who yesterday paid the first visit to the
German Sovereigns, sent Lieutenant Von Loen to
present his compliments to the Emperor. It was
the Emperor's intention to visit the Prince Regent
first. The Prince Regent, however, came at 830
p.m. to the Villa Stephanie, and remained with the
Emperor till 9 15 p.m. The Emperor then in-
tended to surprise the Duchess of Hamilton,
daughter of the Grand Duchess Stephanie, but did
not find her at home. He thereupon took tea with
the Grand Duke of Baden, the Dukes of Weimar
and Coburg, who reside in the Duke of Baclen's
palace, only being present.
To-day a grand dejettner, attended by all the
Sovereigns, took place in the Old Palace. This
morning the weather was very fine. The Emperor,
the Prince Regent, and the other Sovereigns break-
fasted at the Grand Duke's palace. To-morrow they
will dine at the Grand Duke's chateau, a little dis-
tance out of Baden, Yesterday, at a concert at the
Kursaal, the public opinion was that the congress
of the Sovereigns would strengthen peace.
This morning, at 8 o'clock, the Emperor, while
taking a promenade on foot, was surrounded by a
great number of persons. It is reported that the
Duke of Nassau has arrived, and that the Emperor
of Austria is expected.
This evening there will be a meeting of the
Princes at the Palace, which will be illuminated.
The Kings of Saxony, Bavaria, and Hanover have
again visited the Emperor. At 5 p.m. they will all
dine at the Grand Duke's palace. The Emperor
will most likely leave for Paris on Sunday at 10
p.m.

SATITaDAY AFTERNOON.

It is stated on good authority that at yesterday's
interview with the Prince Regent the Emperor
Napoleon repeated his peaceful assurances, and said
that he desired the interview in order to express
them verbally.

The Duke of Nassau arrived here to-day.

PARIS, JUNE 17.
The 3loniteur says—
" The Empress has visited Prince Jerome. The
health of his Imperial Highness has improved."

TURIN, JUNE 16.

Advices from Naples to the 13th inst. state that
several columns of troops had been concentrated to
be in readiness to march upon the places which
might be threatened. Ammunition and provisions
had been sent to the Abruzzi.

Emmanuel Caracciolo had been appointed Mi-
nister of General Police, in place of Ajossa. Signor
Rosica had been appointed Minister of Public
Works.

Advices from Palermo to the 10th inst. state thal
Garibaldi was actively organising his army.

The convocation of a Sicilian Parliament accord-
ing to the laws of 1848 was shortly expected, for
the purpose of ratifying the proclamation which
decrees the forfeiture of the rights of the Bourbons,
and the union of Sicily to the kingdom of Sardinia,
under Victor Emmanuel.

JUNE 17.

M. Thouvenel and the Marquis d'Antonini were
present at the interview of the Commander de
Martino with the Emperor Napoleon.
It is stated that the Emperor, in reply to M. de
Martino, said, " Six weeks ago I could have ac-
cepted, and should have been happy to accept, the
role of a mediator, but posterior engagements pre-
vent my doing so to-day."

MARSEILLES, JUNE 16.

Ads ices from Rome state that an official despatch
had been received from Naples giving details of th©
capture of the two steamers with Garibaldians
by the Neapolitan frigate Fuhninante. These
steamers,
,whieh displayed the Sardinian and Ame-
rican flags, had on board 25,000 muskets, 32 can-
nons, 2,000,0001 b. of powder, and a considerable
sum of money. 800 armed passengers were made
prisoners, and were, together with the steamers,
conveyed to Gaeta on the 12th inst.

General Lamoriciere had despatched troops to
the Neapolitan frontier.

It was asserted that Piedmont had promised to
prevent an invasion of the Papal frontier, unless
such invasion was in consequence of a declaration
of war by any Power.
This declaration of Piedmont was said to have
been communicated to the Pope.
A letter from Naples of the 12th inst. mentions,
under great reserve, a rumour that 2,000 Garibal-
dians, supposed to be commanded by Col2M(deci,
had landed at Catanzaro, in Calabria.
Letters from Palermo to the Bth inst. estimate
the forces of Garibaldi at 4,000 men.
Seven persons found plundering had been shot
by order of Garibaldi.
The order for the evacuation had greatly dis-
couraged the Royal troops.
Garibaldi had opened a national subscription on
behalf of the war.

The Archbishop and all the noble families in
Sicily had subscribed.

MARSEILLES, JUNE 17.

The brother of the Emperor of Morocco, with
the Moorish Ambassador and a suite ofls persons,
have arrived here.
They were received with military honours.
They will leave for Paris on Tuesday or "Wed•
nesday.

ROME.
A letter from Rome, in the ,Siecie, says:—"l
must relate an anecdote relative to St. Peter's pence.
The Duke Torlonia, on being personally asked by
the Pope for a loan of five millions of crowns, is
said to have replica-An the negative, adding, 'lf
your Holiness had not taken from me the monopoly
of salt and tobacco, I could have done it.' On the
Pope urging the request, the Duke took from his
pocket a note, and said, ' This is an account of the
funds which Cardinal Antonelli has transmitted to
England. Make him give you those, and I will ne-
gotiate them immediately !' The treasurer has ad-
dressed a circular to all the cures directing them to
make a collection among the families in their
parishes, in favour of the Government, which is re-.
duced to great extremity. The smallest sum, says
the circular, will be accepted, and if not given as a
donation, will, after six months, receive 8 per cent.
interest. A great extension of spiritual advantages
is also promised: - The expedient has not been at-
tended,with success, and a report is now current
that all the mmasteries will have a forced loan
imposed on them, against which the monks loudly
exclaim."

Another letter from the same place, in the Nonde,

LITBRATU_RE.

to be allowed to smoke a pipe. One being handed to him,
he was directed to take a long and deep inhalation; this
accomplished, he desired no more, and his rueful face
brought the mirth of the party again upon him."

An Arctic Boat Tourney in the Autumn of 184
By Isaac I. Hayes. Bentley.
During the last few years the public have be-
come familiarised with Arctic adventure. In fact
since the first fears were entertained for the safety
of the ill•fated Franklin expedition, more has been
written about the ice encumbered regions, than had
been previously indited since Baffin and Byld in a
little vessel of fifty-five tons, penetrated the un-
known to nearly 78 deg., almost as high a latitude
as modern success with all its improvements has
yet attained. Without entering upon the debateable
ground, whether the risk of human life and expen-
diture of capital entailed by Arctic expeditions
is compensated for by the possible results,
all must feel that the history of the adventures
and trials encountered by enterprising and energetic
men, while endeavouring first to carry on an ex-
ploration in the face of geographical and physical
difficulties, and eventually to save life, travelling
in the midst of an Arctic winter, almost without
food, insufficiently clothed, and through hostile
savages, has a deeper interest and calls forth
more sympathy than the best written and most
thrilling romance which ever emanated from the
pen of the most celebrated author. Mr. riayes'
narrative comprises only about four months, being
an account of a boat expedition conducted by
himself in the autumn of 1854—t0 endeavour to
reach Uppernavik, a Danish settlement on the
coast of Greenland, the most northern outpost of
civilisation in that quarter. He accompanied, in
the capacity of surgeon, Dr. Kane's expedition
which sailed from New York in the spring of
1853, in the brigantine Advance. Although the
ostensible object of the undertaking was to search
for Sir John Franklin, it appears that Dr.
Kane had likewise a desire to find his way to
the North Pole, wherefore instead of proceeding
up Lancaster. Sound, or Jones's Strait, he pro-
ceeded to the head of Baffin's Bay, through
the north water and up Smith Strait, when
owing to his want of information concern-
ing the set of the ice in that comparatively
unexplored region, his ship became locked in Bens-
selaer harbour in lat. about 79 deg., which was
destined to be ber last resting place. In the au-
tumn of 1854, the crew of the .brig being all more
or less afflicted with scurvy, it was determined that
part of them should make an attempt to reach
Uppernavik, and send assistance to those remaining
with the brig. Mr. Hayes undertook the conduct
of this party, who consisted of eight persons, and
a curious combination they were, as he describes
them later in the work. But in fact, we opine
that such a general mixture of races was but natural
when we remember that the expedition was an
American one. Some idea of the difficulties of tra-
velling in such a climate may be gathered from the
following passage :
" Although with plenty of furs one may generally be
warm enough in the open air, at almost any temperature,
)et I am compelled to say that a sleeying bag is no very
desirable place in which to spend the night ; for, if you ex-
pose your head you run great risk of freezing that most
sensitive organ, the nose ; and if you haul your head within
doors, or close up the mouth of- the bag, you run equally
great risk of smothering. It is a nice operation, and one
requiring some piactice, to adjust a proper mean between
these extremes."
It was a desperate undertaking, but they were
so circumstanced that any alternative was justifi-
able rather than remain all crowded together in a
small vessel. They overcame their first difficulties,
reached • a warmer latitude, and were confident of
success, when a sudden change took place. Win-
ter prematurely closed in on them, and they were
frozen up on a barren icebound coast; after
great suffering they ultimately returned to their
companions at Bensselaer Harbour, in the middle
of December, and the whole party the next spring
reached Uppernavik. Mr. Hayes is a writer of
considerable ability. His descriptions are able and
vivid, and his narrative is plain and straightfor-
ward, and bears the stamp of truth throughout.
Many of the mishaps which befell our travellers
were ridiculous enough, nnd the quiet way in which
the author refers to such misfortunes is highly
amusing. As regards camping out, he remarks :--
"As we came across the ice, John had discovered a
wounded duck sitting behind a hummock, and secured her
with an oar. A fire was kindled in a crevice in the rock ;
the saucepan was half filled with seaewater, and the four
quarters of the unfortunate eider were soon boiling in it.
The head was knocked out of the bread-barrel, and eight
biscuits were added to the contents of the pot.
" We were too cold and too nearly famished to wait with
much patience, and the stew was speedily pronounced done.
Plates and spoons we had none, so each one handled his
share of the duck, and then we took turns with the lid for
the soup.
"This hot meal warmed us up a little, but with it van-
quished our stock of comforts. With a cup of coffee, or
even tea, we should have made out very well.
" There *as a gloomy prospect for the night. Nowhere
could we find protection against the wind, which not only
swept in from the sea, but came furiously down upon us
through the rocky gorges. We had not as much as a
blanket to cover us, and the cold gust blew most cruelly
through our water-soaked cloth coats and canvas panta-
loons. We . clambered about in the darkness along the
rocky ledge, under a great black wall, hunting in vain for
a lee; but no sooner had we found a place which seemed
to offer us protection, than the wind shifted. Indeed, it
seemed to blow, in ono and the same minute, from every
quarter of the heavens, north, south, east, and west; and
when it could not get at us from either of these directions,
it rolled down over the clefts and fell upon us like an
avalanche. We returned to the place where he had landed,
and erected an extempore tent. One end of an oar was
thrust into a crack in the rock, the other end was sup-
ported upon the barrel. Over this was spread the sail.
After securing the corners with heavy stones we crawled
in, but we thus obtained only a sorry protection. The wind
came in on every side. Bonsall and Godfrey finally gave
way under the pressure of fatigue and long exposure, and
shivered themselves to sleep. would have given much
to be able to forget, in like manner, all care and trouble;
but it was out of the question. Unable longer to bear
the cold, I threw myself out from the sail, determined to
thaw my frozen blond by a run about the island. John fol-
lowed, muttering something like, I believe, they could
sleep with their heads in a tub of water.' "
The party consisted of eight persons, and after
considerable trouble they reached the open water,
but scarcely had they started when hard weather
overtook them and they were compelled to bring
up at a bare rock :
" We were surprised about noon by the appearance of
an Esquitnaux. He came up the beach, and was as much
astonished as ourselves. We recognised him as one of
those who were at the ship last winter. His name was
Amalatok. After exchanging salutations, he seated himself
upon a rock with a cool dignity quite characteristic of his
people, and began to talk in a rapid and animated manner.
He was dressed in a coat made of bird-skins, feathers turned
inward ; bear skin pantaloons, hair outward ; tanned seal-
skin boots, and dog-skin stockings. He told us that he
• lived on the eastern side of the island ; that he had a wife,
but no children ; that his brother, who had a wife and
children, lived with him ; and that they had been visited
by white men (Icablunet) not long since. They were
evidently the same people whom Dr. Kane had met on his
southern journey in August. Judging from our visitor's
description, his house was distant from our camp about
three miles. It could be reached, he said, only by climbing
over the mountain, which was a difficult undertaking; or
by walking along the beach at low tide. He carried in his
hand two little auks, a bladder filled with oil, a coil of seal
thong, and two or three pieces of half-putrid walrus flesh.
He was on an excursion round the island to set fox-traps;
and the flesh was intended for bait. While talking with
us, he took up one of his auks, twisted off the head, and,
inserting the index fine-el. of his right hand under the inte-
guments of the neck, drew it down the back—and in an
instant the bird was skinned. He then ran his long thumb-
nail along the breastbone, and as quickly produced two fine
fat lumps of flesh, which ho generously offered to anybody
who would eat them. He evidently intended a. great courtesy;
but the raw meat coming from such hands and treated in
this manner was not to our liking. Petersen explained to
him that we had just breakfasted, and begged, most
politely, that he would not rob himself. It did not please
him that we declined his hospitality; which was kindly
meant, and was bestowed in a manner which showed
plainly that he felt the importance of proprietorship. He
did not wait for further invitation, and took his lunch with
a gesto quite refreshing to see, washing it down with a
drink of oil which, in turn, he offered to us ; but again we
were compelled to commit the discourtesy of declining. the
proffered attention. The remainder of his oil, which fur-
nished us fuel for cooking two meals, the other bird, and
the coil of thong, we purchased of him for three needles.
He had, he said, no stock for his whip, and he begged for
a piece of wood. We gave him a splinter from a piece
of board, which we carried to patch thb boat in case of ac-
cident. Notwithstanding his greasy face, matted hair,
ragged dress, and disgusting propensity o drink oil, he
vas the most decent-looking native I had yet seen."
-Eventually when they thought themselves almost
out of danger their way was blocked up by ice, a-
council was held to decide what to do, to return or
risk an advance at all hazards, and the result was
that there was but one voice in the company—
" Uppernavik or nothing, here it is." " That's
what I mean, and so do I," were the prompt re-
sponses. The thing was' settled. Once when
camped on the coast they met with a friendly na-
tive, the description of whom is curious enough,
but further on the reader will find stranger charae-
teri performing on the scene—
" Our savage friends were kind and generous. They
anticipated our every wish. One of the young women, true
to the instincts of her sex, ran off to the valley, with a
dozen boys and girls at her heels, and filled our kettles with
water. Kalutunah's koona (wife) brought us a steak of
seal, and a dainty piece of liver. All smiled at the slowly-
burning canvass wick of our lamp, and at the sputtering salt
fat ; and the chief sent his daughter for some dried moss and
blubber. We gave them a share of our meal, offered them a
taste of coffee, and passed around some pious of ship-biscuit.
The biscuit proved too hard for their teeth, and, until they
saw us eat, they could not divine its use. They laughed
and nibbled at it alternately, and then stuck it into their
boots—their general temporary receptacle for alt curiosities.
They made wry faces over the coffee, and a general laugh
arose against the Angek k, who persisted in taking a
drink of the hot liquid. We had, altogether, an amusing
time with them. Tho evening bring warm, we sat upon
the rocks for several hours; and after supper, our men
lighted their pipes. Thivapped the climax of our strange
customs. The Esquirnaux seemed amazed, and looked first
at us, then at each other, then at us again. They evi-
dently thought it a religious ceremony, Ewing how solemn
were our faces. At length I could not abstain from a
smile; the signal thus given was followed by shouting,
clapping of hands, and general confusion among the troop.
They ran about, puffing on their cheeks, and imitating,
as nearly as they could, the motions of the smokers.
Kalatunah, who was determined to try everything, begged

Every. country has its customs, but what may be
the height of politeness among one set of people
is not always acceptable to others, as the be-
haviour of a certain widow will show who paid
a visit to our adventurers when established in
their intended winter quarters—
" We tendered to the widow the use of our cooking appa-
ratus ; but she seemed disinclined to be troubled with it,
and the food was eaten raw. The man, her companion,
broke off piece after piece of his frozen walrus, and the
widow skinned and devoured her birds with no less rapidity.
Four lumme of respectable size disappeared in an astonish-
ingly short space of time. She very kindly offered to share
with us; and, singling out the astronomer, who occupied
the seat next to her, she made him the special object of her
regard, chewing up for him a large lump of bird-flesh ; but
Sontag was compelled to plead a full stomach. So great
a courtesy she did not expect would be declined under any
pretence, and she seemed quite mortified ; but nothing
daunted, she passed the lump over to me; but no, I could
not oblige her. With quite a desponding face she crossed
the floor and tried Whipple. Not meeting with success in
that quarter she came back to Mr. Bonsall, who was al-
ready quite a philosopher in making his tastes sultkrvient
to his physical wants. ' Now, for it Bonsall !' cried Peter-
sen. These words of encouragement had the effect to call
forth a hearty laugh on all sides ; which, being understood
by the widow, she has lily withdrew her offering of friend-
ship, bolted it herselY, and in offended silence went en
with her work of skinning birds and swallowing them.
We all felt that henceforth we should have an enemy in
the widow.

" This widow greatly interested me. She ate birds for
conscience sake. Her husband's soul had passed into the
body of a walrus as a temporary habitation, and the Ange-
kok had prescribed that, for a certain period, she should not
eat the flesh of this animal ; and since at this time of year
bear and seal were scarce, she was compelled to fall back
upon a small stock of birds which had been collected during
the previous summer.
"This penance was of a kind which every Esquimaux
undergoes upon the death of a near relation. The Angekok
announces to the mourners into what animal the soul of the
departed has passed; and henceforth, until the spirit has
shifted its quarters, they are not to partake of the flesh of
that animal. This may be a bear, a seal, a walrus a lumme,
a.burgomaster-gull, or any other embraced within their
limited bill of fare.

" The widow had one practice which, notwithstanding
that it related to the same serious subject, caused not a
little amusement. tier late husband, for whose sake she
refrained from eating walrus, met with his death last
Upernak (summer), by being carriect out to sea on a loose
cake of ice to which he had imprudently gone to watch for
seal. The tide having changed, the floating raft was disen-
gaged from the land ; and, in full view of his family and
friends, the poor hunter drifted out into the middle'of Baf-
fin's Bay, never to be heard of more. It happened that during
the evening, the name of this hunter was mentioned several
times, always in terms of warm praise, and each time his
widow shed a copious flood of tears. Petersen told us that all
strangers were expected to join in this ceremony. Our first
attempt, I fear, made a poor show of sorrow ; but the
second was perfect of its kind. The motions could not
have been surpassed, even had the cause of grief been a rich
banker, and the mourners his heirs. The tears were hardest
to manage; but a sufficient quantity found their way to
the surface to satisfy the bereaved one that her grief was
appreciated by us, and she resumed her lively manner, so
far forgetting our former discourtesy in our present respect
for her sorrow, she tried again to treat us to munched
meat."

The history of the Esquimaux dogs, the manner in
which they are harnessed, their ferocity, and other
useful and amusing information, will well repay
perusal. The difficulties which are encountered
and overcome, the danger arising from the treachery
of the savages, and the determined perseverance
under all circumstances of the hardy explorers,
cannot fail to command success for Mr. Hayes'
graphic and interesting volume.

721 E CONGRESS AT BADEY-BAD.EN.

taking a modest compensation to herself and throw-
ing a huge booty to her accomplice?
The crowd of Sovereign Princes seems to have
been terribly afraid that Prussia would play them
false, and the hot haste with which all the chiefs of
the Fatherland hurried to the spot where Prussia
and France were to meet must have given Napoleon
111. some materials for thought as to the unity and
mutual confidence of these small potentates. When
he heard on Friday last of their grave conference
among themselves, we fear that he must have
smiled even as Gulliver smiled when he awoke and
found that the men of Little Lilliput had combined,
to tie his limbs with their pigmy bandages. The
Princes said, and they say still, that all Germany
is united; that the Kings will not be tempted
to swallow the Princes, and that the Emperor
will not be permitted to take black-mail from
the Kings. But why did they all go to Baden
Baden ? Que diable allaient ils faire dans cc galere ?
Why did they make this public manifestation of
their distrust of each other, and of their dread of
the mighty stranger ? Who shall now tell who
has been tampered with? But how eloquent and
certain would have been the reply to this Imperial
temptation if they had all stayed away ! As it
stands, the news from 'Baden Baden reads like a
parody of old histories, in which sonie Eastern
conqueror gave audience to some scores of subject
kings, and ended by yoking them to his chariot.
It would seem as though M. About were appointed
charioteer upon this occasion, and were instructed
how to bend their necks and whither to direct
them. The coincidence between this Congress and
this pamphlet is unpleasantly instructive ; but the
matter now in hand is more important than that of
Savoy, and will be worked more craftily. -

(From the Daily News.)

The great fame and prestige of Louis Napoleon
need not surprise any one who observes how dili-
gently even his enemies labour to exalt it. His
servants and followers can find, even with the ut-
most care, comparatively few occasions for their
praise ; but the fears of his adversaries, magnifying
all that he does, and supplying all that he might
do, to influence the course of the world, abundantly
make up the deficiency. If the breast of the French
Emperor is open to flattery, he must be peculiarly
gratified at the unwilling tribute paid him in the
superstitious dread of a considerable class of our
countrymen. Unworthy of Englishmen as is this
morbid sensitiveness to every breath of wind that
blows from France, it might be unwise to check it
if it subserved any useful purpose, if it helped us
better to understand the policy and measures of a
government to the influence of which in Europe we
can never be indifferent. But it has a directly con-
trary tendency.
Louis Napoleon has been to Baden, and has there
met the Prince of Prussia, four Kings, and several
lesser Sovereign Princes f Germany. If any friend.
of the Emperor were required to describe all the
circumstances of that meeting, he would think him-
self fortunate if he could explain himself so as not
to wound the amour-propre of France. But the
theme is taken up by an inveterate opponent of
the Emperor, and straightway his Imperial Ma-
jesty is set on a pedestal and exalted as an idol be-
fore whom all Germany is bowing down. M. Guer-
-roniere could not have performed this service for
his master; only an English journalist could do
the work. The Emperor, it is notorious, exide-
scended to invite himself to this party. He carried.
complaisance so far, that to have refused to receive
him would have been downright incivility. He
was willing to travel above three hundred miles
and to cross his own frontier. Certainly this is
rather the facility of a bagman looking out for
business than the state of a suzerain receiving
homage.
The sudden journey of the King of Hanover to
Berlin, and the explanations which the Prussian.
Ambassador at Vienna has had to give to the
Foreign Minister of Austria, show, among a crowd
of other facts, the thoughts which the impending
meeting of the Prince Regent and the Emperor
awakened at the Courts of Germany, The King
of Hanover must have reflected with some mis-
givings on the part not only inimical but insult-
ing to Prussia, which his Plenipotentiary had
been playing at Frankfort for the last twelve
months, from the date of the discussions about
the direction of the military forces of Germany
during the war in Italy &rim to the debates
on the Hessian constitution. Throughout the
whole of that period the Government of his
Hanoverian Majesty betrayed a jealousy of Prussia
as paltry as it was intense. The readiness, let us hope
the thankfulness, of the King of Hanover to accept
the generous invitation of the Regent to meet him.
at Baden is sufficiently explained. But although
the position of Hanover marks it out as the terri-
tory which in any reconstruction of Germany should.
contribute to the aggrandisement of the Prussian.
monarchy which is desirable in the interests of
liberty and peace, there is no German State which
has not a legitimate interest in the relations which.
Prussia may form with France. By encouraging the
Princes of Germany to be present at this meeting
with the Emperor, the Prince Regent has taken the
most effectual means of calming the apprehensions
of his neighbours, and at the same time gained an
opportunity of appearing as the central figure in a
rare and illustrious German assembly. How it can
serve the cause of Austria to proclaim in London
that she is delighted at this spectacle, we are at a
loss to imagine. At Vienna, as our columns have
shown, they hold very different language.
Germany does not just now offer a very inviting
field for a potentate speculating on the' cupidity of
his neighbours. There is not there, as in Italy, a
foreign enemy strongly entrenched, and not to be ex-
pelled without external aid. The active elements,
or rather the elements which an appeal strong
enough to rouse Germany would call into activity,
are, first, nationality, and next, liberalism, and
both of these, as far as they have been at all mani-
fested, are against France. Moreover, easy as it
might be for Louis Napoleon to tempt one German
Potentate to acquiesce in his plans by offering hint
the spoils of another, it would be difficult to make
things pleasant, when, as at Baden, he had to
do with all. If it is really necessary to
account for the meeting which has just taken
place by the state and prospects of Europe
—if the weakness of Louis Napoleon,
so often exemplified in seeking unnecessary inter-
views with legitimate hereditary sovereigns, and a
natural and right desire on his part to allay the
feeling which recent debates in the Prussian and.
ether German Parliaments have disclosed, are
thought not to explain it adequately—we should be
prompted to look outside Germany for the reasons
which make the Emperor desire to guard against a
second outbreak of anti-Gallican sentiment on the
eastern frontier of France while he is making war.
But when those reasons cannot be pointed out to
the public eye it is not the office of the journalist to
exercise invention in the cultivation of distrust.

• (From the Times.)
In the very popular opera, "Lucrezia Borgia,"
perhaps the most popular piece is the drinking
log, in which the patrician youths pledge each
Mher in poisoned winecups and laugh at the
thought of the morrow. It will be remembered also
that a fine effect is produced by a distant requiem
which comes from the neighbouring monastery
and mingles with the notes of the song of revelry.
We do not know whether they had a good opera
company at Baden Baden ; but if they had we hope
that either the King of Bavaria or the Prince-
Regent of Prussia did not omit to command a
representation of the' Borgia." There is a certain
degree of relation between the plot of that opera
and what has been going on at Baden. Those
Baden Baden revelries are not unlikely to be fol-
lowed by the decease of several bodies politic. At
Baden a number of people of very great families were
yesterday making themselves very jovial under
great difficulties. The banquets, the concerts, the
illuminations, the agreeable surprises, the race be-
tween crowned heads to pay each other delis ite
compliments, the "agreeable unanimity of the
Prince," the playful run of the Emperor after the
Grand Duchess Hamilton, and the sportive "fugit
inter salices" of the Grand Duchess, the taking of
tea with the Duke of Baden and of counsel with
the Sovereigns of Weimar and Coburg—how sug-
gestive it all is of innocent joviality and almost
primitive frankness ! Yet, in the midst of it all
comes, deep and sullen, from the far distance, the
sound of the requiem. It was so prepared by the
master of the position. Medio de fonte leporum a
French pamphlet is bubbled out, and the noble re-
vellers are at once reminded that the golden cloud
which is now reflecting light upon them has a very
black reverse. M. About is the individual who
had been selected to point the moral of this Baden
Baden Congress, and to put the list of agenda be-
fore the assembled potentates. The result of his
labours seems to come to this—" Trust me and put
yourselves at my mercy, and you shall find my
mercy is great. Doubt me, and all you doubt shall
certainly be done unto you."
This pamphlet is the turning of the first sod; it
is the opening of the first parallel ; it is the first
spadeful of earth out of the sap. "If you are thus
always in a flutter about the designs of France—if
you will insist that we are fixed upon the design of
the frontier of the Rhine, you will provoke, and
even actually compel us, to take that frontier."
Austria has heard this before, and so has Piedmont.
Belgium has also heard it, and it has been tried even
upon England. It is the old common form. A little
ordinary sagacity would enable any one to mark out
the future stages of the proceeding even down to
the Grand Cross bestowed on the Minister by whom
the affair will be hermetically sealed. We can see
it all as easily as professor Owen can draw a sea
serpent from a cast scale or a dropped fang. It will
progress somewhat in this wise :—At a convenient
period we shall hear that Napoleon 111. is distressed
at the pressure which the conscription exercises
upon the industry of the country. He will awake
to the conviction that an army of 700,000 men is
an anachronism in the nineteenth century. He
will by that time have looked carefully at England,
and will have found that she has for many years
continued to hold her rank as a first-class Power
with a fraction of this force. And why has she done
so? his meditating Majesty will ask. Simply
" because she has no frontiers," his sud-
denly-enlightened Majesty will answer. The
next natural step in the Imperial cogi-
tations will be,—and why should not France be
in this respect like England ? Why should France
have any frontiers ? She has even now almost ar-
rived at that beatitude. On the west and north-
west she has the sea. On the south and southeast,
thanks to recent acquisitions—she has great moun-
tain ranges. On the north she has the neutralised
kingdom of Belgium. On the east she has Switzer-
land, also neutralised. But, alas ! between Stras-
burg and Belgium there is an unprotected line—a
break in the frontier wall through which all the
armies of Europe may at any time pour, and
which requires half-a-million of men to keep France
secure from invasion. Almost within sight of
Baden Baden the peaks of the Vosges mountains
may be counted. They are all French by natural
position, but some of them are Bavarian by unjust
treaties, and these are as dangerous to France as
were the slopes of the Alps of Savoy. Then Prussia
comes in, presenting a flat frontier and first-class
fortresses. How can France be at peace while her
side lies thus open ? But behind this unprotected
flat little line of territory lies a broad river, which
is a natural boundary of itself. If France could
push forward thus far she would be secure. She
would then have nothing to fear, and she might
disband her army, cease her conscriptions, and
leave the world at peace.
Has no one heard anything like this put forward
already ? We dare not assume to ourselves the credit
of having invented this ingenious reasoning, for, if
we mistake not, it is already chronicled in diplomatic
archives. Very wolf-like as it sounds, it has its song
as well as its shout, It is not so very disastrous to
those who stand on the wrong side of the boundary.
ir, as. M. About says, " France should sacrifice her
private susceptibilities to the general good and
the future peace," and if it should be necessary for
this purpose to take the responsibility of defend-
ing the left bank of the Rhine, some of that goodly
company at Baden must be absorbed. A portion
of Oldenburg must fade out of the map of the
Middle Rhine; Hesse-Homburg must disappear;
and Pi ussia
even Saxe-Coburg must contribute one of her little
morsels of sovereignty to form a French prefecture.
Bavaria must give up an outlying dependency ;
mustliess em-DaVelnasntaattfTlussatcsrnifre.sevßelu.atnaglel; great Fublic
objectsinvolve individual inconveniences; and, after
all, there is such a thing as—compensation. How
' and 20 oti ee
puissant
s you, Hanover, ann Nassau, and Meiningen,
and es se Cassel,.
Powers, winch
tLnd Horheemniznodl eurs of the tribe of
insects
you • you that all the little terri-
insects Linnvous found born with con nets marled GOVERNMENT ENHORATION. Her Majesty's
upon their heads, and called " Corohati'—how ay, Emigration Commissioners have given notice of their in-
tention to receive tenders on Thursday next, the 21st inst.
2 Are e content
'Adelaide, South Australia, to be
tories shall be fused ? Is Prussia will' for a vessel to proceed to
ing to n lay •
Piedmont, if France is read yto fight a . ready for the reception of her passengers on such day as
in Germany like that she fought eanipmgri the coramissionera
.! appoint between the 24th of July
Lombardy, and the 2d of August,

THE INDIAN COUNCIL AND Tdx
INDIAN ARMIES.

A writer in a contemporary says :
There are those who consider that the present
constitution of the India Council involves an unne-
cessary expenditure, and whether the annpunce-
meat made by the Secretary of State does not go
far to confirm this view is for the public to judge.
The question of a local European army or no local
European army was brought before the members of
the Indian Council by Sir C. 'Wood, with a regret
that her Majesty's Ministers considered a local Eu-
ropean force unnecessary. The opportunity was
thus given to the Council to state individually or
collectively their opinion ; but they one and all
declined, sheltering their silence by adding that
her Majesty's Ministers having come a decisioni:
was too late for them to express assent or dissent.
This is the official annonncement of the Secretary
of State, and the Council of India must not be sur-
. prised if the public at large and the members of the
late CompaO's service consider it high time that
their functions should cease and their labours end.
There is no doubt that had the-Indian Council a
really strong case they would have fought it out, if
ldeve notn
a spark of independence exist in that body, for
measures of importance are changed, altered, modi-
fied, ehraNvleajelsetfftshlkelivniiesetreersy,
andfied ,
theor withdrawn Council
s by
should
and Governor-General of India in the lurch, and by
their silence have allowed an important, and as
many think a vital question to silence, if, pass in ence, as
the public suppose, they are the men to represent
the real interests oflndia.
Now that the " opinion" of the Council is pro-
mulgted, it is to be hoped that no further
delay will occur in at once announcing the final
decision that in future there shall be but one
army in India, and this vexed question be for ever
set at rest.
What can the opposition do in the House of
Commons if Lord Stanley opposes the bill on
Thursday—why waste the time of Parliament ?
It is a pity that the bill cannat include the aboli-
tion of the Indian Council, for it is clear that they
have neither the power nor the will to state their
opinion, and that they are a costly device to mis-
lead the Indian community. In conclusion, I must
add that the Council show wisdom in their silence
—there canr be two armies in India.