The Sun.
London, England, 1860-03-15 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

Lieut. W. S. Maud, of the Royal Engineer
Train, who has been appointed to the Staff of the
Commanding Royal Engineer at Dover, has been
succeeded at Chatham by Lieut. IV. R. ►Macke,
R.E., who has been attached to the Royal Engi-
neer Train.

A b itch of cast iron guns, manufactured at Low--
moor, for the purpose of being rifled and strength-
ened according to Sir Win. Armstrong's princip!e,
were yesterday tested at Woolwich. The erection
of the 20.t0n steam hammer for the manufacture of
the coils with which the guns are to be enveloped
is now complete, as Weil a, the arrangements for
making the 100-pounder Armstrong guns at. Wool-
wich. The whole of time buildings ordered to be
constructed to give full scope to the establishment.
are in a forward state, and the factories will be in
a working condition at the close of the month,
as announced, with an augmentation of 300
practical hands, so as to comtvence the addi-
tional operations .with the beginning of the
ensuing financial year, April 1. A new and
successful method for remedying the disad-
vantage and delay hitherto experienced by the
necessity of sponging out the guns under a course
of constant firing has been invented by the experi-
mental officers at. Shoeburyness—namely, a lubri-
cating wad, simply made of hemp dipped in a solu-
tion of beeswax and grease. The wad has been tried
in a course of experiments, and bas been found to
remedy the fouling effectually. The wax, of course,
is placed between the charge of powder and the
missile, and, on examination after the discharge,
the gun has been found cleaned out, ready for being
reloaded.

REPEAL OF TIIR CUSTOMS DUTY ON

FOREIGN PAPER.

We are requested by the Association of Paper
Manufacturers to publish the following observations
upon the statements made by the President of the
Board of Trade, in his speech on Monday evening,
as the condition of their trade :

botsffFohruu3roreontan
manufacturersoeoci
annehorlsielf.
letter
tsei
orFeo:lvrec'enchpaper
tbhae,g,rg2e.ifon:iereasevpeetiEro.t.ylo2nd.4rgteoil:tal,ahbent.ralst:woraoielasf:ntitshnor
ywaat,lrptsseiats7nt
"1. We are told that England abounds in raw
355. We paid
material for our manufacture, and that, notwith-
llithnding the increase in the quantity of paper made,
the price of rags has fallen 40 per. cent. since 1836.
What are the facts ? We paid in 1836 for black
in 1836 forhioiarsniw.aigno coloured
world
have rags ss.
e 5
n.
aper t
ac
rwut nowgewvfeact
h,f
true,my
fines
lon
now pay
0p2ra3y51.22653: Wemlrve
epnapoi paid
wa
paid
Hamburgoprianyl2B649o.
6f
od FF.r. is
,hhaleneBa:fph.aeirst Ntvie.ienrs
exported
'tying us the very highest
papermakers of France price. for
them; they were all woollen
nof intoone cloth.
of
our
p—rincipalrarga.egmrserocnahlcLaynfiatnst
The following extract
will prove this :

44 on, March 13, 10.
" The rags exported to France i nnd 1857 were woollenB6rags
only, the greater portion of which were exporced by us ;
the demand for them sprang up in France in consequence
of the high price of wool.'

"3. We are told that flax refuse may be exten-
sively used in the manufacture of paper. So it may
be, and so it has been for the last 50 years ; but it
cannot be grown for this purpose, as the flux itself,
whether of long or short growth, will fetch more
for twine and rope and other purposes than the
paper-maker could afford to give. Mr. M. Gibson's
model agriculturist, who grew flax at a greater pro-
fit than wheat, converted the flax straw into fibre,
he says, for the Leeds flax-market; but he did not
send it to a paper mill!
" 4. We are told that it is a mistake to suppose
there is any deficiency in the supply of rags, if we
take the whole world as the source of supply, in-
stead of two or three particular countries. We be-
lieve this to be true, but, unfortunately, we are shut
out from free ueeebs to all countries, with one or
two exceptions.
5. We are told that large quantitits of straw
may be converted into paper. No doubt they may
be, but at the best straw paper is but a bad substi-
tute for paper made from rags..
" 0. We are to!d the processes of paper-making
in America are far superior to ours. We can only
say that the price of printing paper in America is
ld. per lb. higher than that of English paper of cor-
responding quality, apart from the duty.
" 7. We have been told that the prohibition of
the export of French rags was to be removed. \V
now find that, in its stead, there is to be an export
duty of an amount atthepresent time unknown, but
which possibly may be tantamount to a prohibi-
tion. There are in nearly all countries prohibitions
on the export of our raw materials or export
duties upon them equivalent to from ld. to Pd.
per lb. on the manufactured article, and it is now
proposed to expose us to an unfair and ruinous com-
petition with foreign manufacturers, to whose mar-
kets for materials we are denied access, while at the
same time our Government will give effect to and
perpetuate the protective
" London: March 14." Po r Icy of other countries.

A letter_ from Testi], d,
It is really astonishing to .See how little the- .Aus-
trian Government understand the feeling of their
subjects, and especially of the Hungarians. When
Prince Schwaizenberg, Count Stadion, and Dr.,
now Baron, Bach, resolved to break completely
with the established rights of the different parts or
ti Austrian monarchy, and to weld Hungary,
r'•eetia, and Transylvania—which in 1804, at the
creation of the Austrian empire were formerly
excepted from it, and continued to remain only in a
personal union with the other provinces—into a
new, one and indivisible realm, they really believed
that as soon as the Hungarian movement would
be put down by force of arms, all the inhabitants
who speak the German language, or are of German
descent, would become the supporters et' the new_
rangled centralised system of administration.
Having for many years given the largest circula-
tion to the fabrication. brat, the liur,;rarian op.
presses the German, the Croat, and the Walleehiae,
the Austrian officials at last believed the calumny
invented by themselves, and were therefore puzzled
to ree that neither the F>lavonic nor the German
population, neither Croat nor Wallachian, were
content with the abolition of the Hungarian con-
stitutions, with the Austrian officials, and with the
new territoriel divisions, and that the complete
uniformity of the Austrian code, superseding not
only the Hungarian but likewise the German
common law, which in the Saxon land of
Transylvania, in some districts in the county
Szepey, in all the German towns had
peaceably flourished under the Hungarian consti-
tution, was looked upon as a gigantic injustice.
Surprised by such a result, and seeing especially that
the Germans in Hungary make everywhere common
cause with the Hungarians, they try now to create
an animosity between the different populations of
Hungary, and to rekindle the extinguished fires of
national hatred which did them such excellent ser-
vice in 1848 and 1849. A warm lithographed
appeal to the patriotic feelings of the German in-
habitants of Hungary has lately been extensively
circulated; it is anonymous, and comes by post to
every man of note or influence who bears a German
name ; the papers are prohibited to print or to men-
tion it, but the Government 4*fficials are busy in
spreading it. The .author is M. Witt, who calls
himself Von I rring- ilGermin conspira-
tor, in 1821 a carbonaro, for eight years a political
prisoner, and since a paid member of the Austrian
police, ately entrusted with the editorship of the
semi-ckcial Donau Zeitung. He advances the theory
that descent constitutes nationality, that to give up
the ancestral language is akin to the crime of parri-
cide, and that Germany has therefore the right of
claiming the allegiance of her sons even after cen-
turies of emigration in any foreign country. He
upbraids the Germans of Hungary for wearing the
Hungarian costume, for speaking the Hungarian
language, and for dancing the Hungarian
dance. He reminds them that Hungary can-
not maintain a separate existence and must
be crushed either by Russia or by Germany, and
therefore invites the Germans to assist rather
the Austrian Government in this work, than
by their opposition to postpone the crushing
process to a time when Russia will perform it.
This appeal bad no influence whatever on the Ger-
mans ; they receive it with laughter mixed with
indignation. Many of them have for centuries past
become so identified with Hungary that nothing
but their name is German; others find it rather bold
of M. Witt to advocate a theory according to which
not only Mr. Buchanan, the President of the United
States owes still his allegiance to Scotland, and
accordingly to Queen Victoria, but which actually
makes the Emperor Francis Joseph of Lorraine a
Frenchman. The German poets, Chamisso and De
La Motte Fouque, are, of course, guilty of a crime
akin to parricide, and Necker and Guizot have be-
trayed Switzerland by becoming Frenchmen. The
English nation ought to look closely upon the
Barings, and the Lussians upon the Nesselrodes
and Adlcrsbers, lest they should betray, as they aro
bound to do by M. Witt's reasoning, their present
country to their real Fatherland. It is scarcely
worth while to waste time in refuting this absurd
circular, which betrays the ignorance and political
childhood of the man to whom the semi-official
organ of the Government is entrusted. But since
I see that the German press in general is apt to
misunderstand the principle of nationality, and to
restrict it to persons speaking the same language,
and being of the same descent, it is not un-
necessary to say a few words en this ques-
tion. 'Nationality means neither community
of language nor a common origin, or else the
United States and England and be one and

_.
the same nationality, and Switzerland would have
no nationality whatever; the Alsatians would fcel
themselves Germans-not French, and the Channel-
Islanders, Frenchmen not English. In Hungary
we understand the principle of nationality as com-
prising the identity of interests and community of
history and of institutions, within a clearly-defined,
well-boundeal territory, making it necessaty to all
the inhabitants to stand by one another, er to he
conquered by foreigners, Ml° have interests dlt=
ferent from ourselves ; who do not care for consti-
' tutianal government ; whose centre of gravity does
not fill within our country ; who do not respect
our traditions, our historical development, our
standing in u iiversal history. Thus was nationality
understood with us for all the centuries past. Our
nobility is not of exclusive Magyar descent •, we
have Germans, and Serbs, and Italians, and Wal-
lachians, and Poles, and Slovacks, among them.
In 1849, when all Europe believed that our war
was an exclusively Magyar movement, our Minis-
ter of Finance, M. Dassek, WP.S a Croat; the
Minister of Justice, M. Vunkovich, a Serb ; the
commander of the Transylvanian army, General
Bern, a Pole ; and among the thirteen generals mur-
dered by the Austrians at Arad we find a Count
Leiningen and Baron P6ltenberg, Generals Lanmr
the Wallachoeina:tiiallegnyds:arctoainstt
and Aulich, of German descent, and Damianich,
a Serb; but all of them as good Hungarian
patriots as the Kiss, Dessewffy-s, Kazinczys, Nagy,
Sandors, Vecseys, &c., who sanctioned the gallows
by their martyrdom. All the country, from the
ho German,of
rl
tiyhvsei living
duarzna: betweenrool:
ntsll 1,
It is
Castle of Deveny to the Red Tower, and from the
Carpathians to the Adriatic, is called fatherland
by the Magyar
e:aosizut dnrtititliiiliyieraSnlhodov
mancoel :0, tnfho
re
the SaerpboDrataninodunCboreof aaitts
well as on the Save,
isonatnhae
jTuraarnisl
iyelhia,ntiahne
serba.dteißi al,tt.lhvenan3tihseslb; eiderotthreyir
abillodod.--theiriZt .1
‘I forjai unana ntdait Car-
pathianszh3meayahsdrsre3l,:astsiCsihalir;:lnoie\
names are sacred to the Croat as well as to the
narrow-
minded policy of the Austrian house led to the tem-
porary separation of Transylvania, the Princes of
that province always listened to the grievances of
their Hungarian brethren, and seven times within
a century came to the aid of their oppressed fellow-
patriots, made war for the rights of Hungary
against the Austrian despots, and never sheathed
their swords before the Emperor promised to re-
spect the constitution and religious liberty of all
Hungary. The bonds which unite
Hungary,
Croatia, and Transylvania, with all theiron history
inhabi-
tants, have been cemented by a corm
for eight centuries, and even now prove more effi-
cient than the promises from Vienna and the agita-
t.• 1 fostere
d by the Tellachichs, Mayerhofers, aid
n
, Urbaus.

A DUEL PREVENTED AT BRISIOL.

(Front the Western Daily _Press.)

On Monday afternoon an application was made
to Henry Pritchard, Esq., one of the city justices
of the peace, by Mrs. Carter, the wife of a gentle-
man named Alfred Thomas Bridgen Curter, under
circumstances which led to the issuing a warrant
for the apprehension of Mr. A. T. B. Carter, of Row.
land Cottage, and Mr. George Saunders, of Bel-
grave House, surgeon, owing to the former having
sent a challenge to fight a duel, which had been
search
accepted by the latter. Ode of the mayor's ser-
geants (Derges) was selected for the apprehension
of the parties named in the warrant, and about five
o'clock he, accompanied by another of the ma
yor's
sergeants, named Chapman, went off inh of
the would-be belligerents, and first introduced him-
self to Mr. Carter, who was busily engaged in
making arrangemcrts for a depattw
t b
to. till'iousirntel;
to Calais, where matters w
o'clock train Ibr London, preparatory
settledereotiebneleii.i
Merges,
"ho-
nourably after the manner of gen
with becoming delicacy, imparted the nature of his
business, on ;which Mr. Carter pointed to a case of
duelling pistols on
thetlte table, and ii onicaliy ob-
served, " There are fellow that were to
laconically remarked,
do the business." Derges
~tYoul:t
2i,i, gatherede
surely
wouldn'thconfidencer
kill
i l and
I a
man, sir ?" " Wuldn ba4 g e d repliedlli_;
to
ien,e
del
idvor
rfeodr
hint." Per;es having
him into the custody of Chapman, ...U0 :ou.2ht Mr.
Saunders, who is a surgeon in the Bengal 6vilS'er:
Ser-
vice, and in duo course apprehended hint. It
seemed that Mr. .Carter.and his professional anta-
gonist had a dispute upon some matters which
it would ill become us to place before the public,
and the result was that the former scnt a challenge
to the military hero of the lancet, which was duly
acknowledged and accepted in writing. The noteto
conveying the acceptance of the challenge got in
the hands of Mrs. Carter, and she at once com-
municated with the authorities. Both being in
custody, the officers proceeded to the council house
with them, and each themof
eaoc vc. r , bi m -
,self in X5OO, and two sureties

BRITISH NATION LIFE ASSURANCE
ASSOCIATION.—Chief Offices, 291, Regentistreet,
-London, March 15, 18(10.—Notice is hereby Given, That an
EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING of this Asso-
ciation will be held at the Chief Offices of the Association,
No, 291, Regent-street, London, on THURSDAY, the 22d
day of March instant, at Two o'Clock in the afternoon pre-
cisely, for the purpose of confirming., or otherwise, 41s agree
anent for the transfer of the business of a Life Assurance Com
pang.—By Order of the Board,
HENRY LAKE, Manager and Secretary
ROYAL

ENGLISH OPERA
COVENT-GA RDEN.

Under the management of Miss L. Pyne and Mr.W. Harrison.
TIIIS EVENING, Henry Leslie's Operetta Romance of
DICK TURPIN. Messrs. St. Albyn and G. Honey; Missee
Thirlwall and Cruise.

After which, will be repeated the grand Opera, en-
titled LURLINE, by W. Vincent Wallace. Messrs. W. liar
rison, Santley, Corri, and G. Honey ; Misses Louisa Tyne,
Pilling, and F. Cruise,
Condactor, Alfred Mellon.
Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnckstone.
THIS EVENING, will be performed the new and original
Comedy, in three acts, entitled TIIE OVERLAND
ROUTE. Messrs. C. Mathews, Buckstone, Compton, Chip-
pendale, Mrs. C. Mathews, Miss Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins.
To conclude with PAUL PRY. Mr. and Mrs. Charles
Mathews.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEUM..
Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame Celeste.

- -
TIiIS EVENING will be performed the drama of THE
SERGEANT'S WIFE. Principal characters by Mr. James
Vining, T. Lyon, J. Johnstone, J. Rouse; Mrs. Keeley (her
first appearance), and Madame Celeste.
- -

Atter which, the magnificent Transformation Scene from
KING THRUSHBEAUD.

Concluding* with the new Drama of A TALE OF
TWO CITIES, by Tom Taylor, Esq., from the story of that
name by Charles Dickens, Esq. Principal characters by Mr.
James Vinintr, Walter Lacy, Villiers, ttouse. Forrester, J.
Johnstone, T. Lyon, Morton, Palmer, White, H. Butler,
Clifford, and Fredericks ; Misses Kate Saville, Stuart, Turner,
Mrs. Campbell, and Madame Celeste.

Commenoe at 1.

RO YA L PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-
Lessee, Mr. A. Harris.

For the Benefit of Mr. H. Barnett.
THIS EVENING, THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. G.
Melville, A. Harris, and Miss Clifford.

Followed by the Farce, CRUEL TO BE KIND. Mr. A.
Harris, Frank Matthews, and Miss Carlotta Leclercq.
After which, a new Christmas burlesque pantomime, by H.
J. Byron, called JACK Til I, GIANT KILLER ; or, Harle-
quin King Artlmr and the Knights of the Round Table.
Jack, MIAs Louise Keeley—Harlequin, Mr. Cormack Panta-
loon, Mr. fauln—Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams—Clown,
Mr. A. F. Forrest.

VEW THEATRE - ROYAL, AD ELPHI
J-1 Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.

TRIS EVENING, ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS, Mr. J.
L. Toole, Chas. Selby, Billington, Mrs. Chatterley, Mrs. Bil-
lington, Miss Kate Kelly, and Laidlaw.

Alter which, PAPER WINGS, Mr Alfred Wigan, J. L.
Toole, D. Fisher, Billington, P. Bedford, Stuart, C. Selby,
Nburne, C. J. Smith, I'oweil, Romer, Mrs Alfred Wigan,
Miss H. Simms, Miss Kate Kelly, and Mrs Chatterley.

Followed by DECORAH UNDER. DIFFICULTIES.
Messrs. .T. L. Toole, P. Bedford, Eburne, C. J. Smith, Miss
Z. Kel y.
Doors open at half-past six—Commence at seven. Box-
Office open from 10 to 5. No charge for securing seats,
nor ter bills of performance. All fees to servants of this
establishment are strictly prohibited.
Acting Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith.

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE,
King-street, St. James's. Lessee, Mr. T. B. Chatter-
ton. Directress, Miss Wyndham. The nearest Theatre to
Chelsea, Pimlico, and Westminster, the Park being open to
carriages and foot passengers all hours of the night.
ETENING the performances will oommenee with
"No. 49."

Followed by FIRST AFFECTIONS.
Craven, G. Spencer, and Misi ffyndham.

Messrs. H. T.

After which the successful burlesque of DIDO. Mesdames
Wyndham, Clara St. Casse, Eliza Arden, and Mr. Charles
Young.

To conclude with MAGIC TOYS. Miss Lydia Thompson
Miss Clara St. Cases.

Reduced Prices--Gallery, 6d ; Pit, 11. The Box-offtoe open
from 11 to 5 daily. Doors open at half-past six ; perform
anoe semmences at 7.

ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.-
MISS LYDIA THOMPSON has the honour to an-
nounce to the nobility, gentry, and the public, that her
BENEFIT, and Last Appearance but Four at the abo►e
Theatre, will take place on MONDAY, 3laroh 26. Ticket. to
be had at the Box-office of the Theatre, and of Miss Thomp-
son, 6, Argyle-street, Euston-road, W.U.

CANTERBURY HALL
THIS EVENING,
LUCREZIA BORGIA,
(Di4nizetH).

CONCERTS.-

Donna Lucrezia Miss Russell.
Mafßo Orsini Mrs. Anderson.
Gennaro Mr. Henry Herbert.
Don Altonzo Signor Tivoli.
Conductor—Mr. Jonghmans.
Comic Vocalists —Messrs. George Hodson (the Irish Come-
dian and Mimic), W. T. Critchfield, and E. W. Mackney.
Several interesting Pictures are added to the Fine Arts
Gallery. The suite of Halls have been re-decorated and
eautified, and constitute one of the most unique and brilliant
sights of the metropolis.
The gallery is open from 5 till 11 on Sunday Evening.

THE WEATHER.—Stm OFFICE, 111.utcu 15, 1360.

TEERMOMETER, IN THE SHADS.
50—highest since noon yesterday.
35—lowest this morning and during the night.
46—this day at noon.
BenomETER-29.86; rising rapidly.
WIND, W.N.W. ; rather fresh, with fine weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 7h. 19m.—Afternoon, 7h. 63m
To-monßow.-Morning, 37m.—Afternoon, 9b. 24m,

THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 15, 1860.

We learn that the Sardinian Government has
yielded to the too powerful persuasion of NAPO-
LEON, so that Savoy and Nice are to be ceded to
France. On the other hand, the French Govern-
ment will not give up the districts of
Chablais and Faucigny to Switzerland, as
lately rumoured. No, France takes all and
cedes nothing. And this is the solution of
the bombastic proclamation that NAPOLEON went
to war only for an " idea "—the independence of
Italy from the Alps to the Adriatic ! Words,
words, words—but the end is not yet.

Our Free-trade Budget out of the way, we must
next have a Pree-trade in Religion Budget. Every-
thing tells us that the days of Ecclesiastical Protec-
tion are as surely numbered as those of Commercial
Protection. Most anxious is the House of Commons
that its dim light should not be a religious dim-
ness. If it could it would silence all mention of
Churchmen and Dissenters, of Puseyites and Evan-
gelicals, of Popery and Protestantism there. But,
while religious protection lasts this can never be.
The unprotected sects will envy the protected sects
the protected sects will give themselves provoking
airs towards the outsiders, or ignore them as unau-
thorised upstarts. The receivers of State bounty,
if attacked, fight savagely for their profitable pri-
vilege ; and the non•recipients, if they do not ask
State pay for themselves, bitterly grudge it to those
who are, as they think, their inferiors in purity
and zeal.

At this moment the unprivileged are fighting seve-
ral hard battles with the privileged. Foremost
among them is the great Church-rate battle. This
is one which has been waged with various success
for nearly thirty years. It is the most popular of
the battles. In no way is the offensiveness, as
well as injustice, of privilege more striking, than
when it sends the policeman to a man who
cares about no religion, or to the man
who is fanatically, or at least earnestly devoted to
some unprivileged form of religion, and demands his
money or his goods on behalf of the favoured creed.
Hence church-rate: abolition has been carried in the
House of Commons for years by increasing majori-
ties ; tillthisyear,the privileged, seeing church-rates
all but gone,have made one grand effort to save some-
thing. All the ignorance that could scrawl a sig-
nature or authorise ono to be written, and
all the subserviency at the command of
country clergymen and
squires has been
summoned to do service, and nearly 4,000
petitions, signed by an average of 30 persons
each, have been sent up to the House of Commons.
Some ask coercive power in one shape, some in
another; but, we believe, all argue that unless
Churchmen have authority by law to compel each
other to pay, they cannot, like Dissenters, maintain
their worship ! The libel cn the Church is their
own. We have a better opinion of Churchmen. We

r • 44
LURP!'7.
r \
•
nixt „6,54 r-; • -„