The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-21 00:00:00

PRANCE.

PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING.
A telegraphic despatch announces that the Em-
peror, with the Empress and the Prince Imperial,
arrived to-day, at five minutes past 12, at Biarritz.
The Moniteur of to-day says :—" H.I.H. Prince
Jerome Napoleon left to-day the palace of Meu-
don in order to proceed to Havre where his im-
perial highness intends remaining for some time.
The Russian embassy at Paris has just been
officially informed that the quarantines along the
coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azoff have
been re-established.

- • - - •

RUSSIA.
The Moniteur of yesterday publishes the follow-
iv correspondence from St. Petersburg
ST. PETERSBURG, AtrG. 13.
"Count de Morny, the French Ambassador, arrived
here, overland, on Tuesday last, with some of the mem-
bers of his embassy, and alighted at fibre Hotel Woronza
Daschkoff. On Thurday he presented his letters of cre-
dence to the Emperor at the Imperial Palace of Peter-
hof. The following day was the fete-day of her Majesty
the Empress. Count de Morny was invited, with all the
members of his embassy, to spend the two days at
Peterhof, although, according to Rumsi2n custom, the
diplomatic corps is not invited to these family festivals.
After his reception by the Emperor, the Ambassador
was received by the Empress, to whom he presented
the members of his Legation. Presentations to the
Princes followed. In the evening there was a private
ball at the palace, to which only the intimate friends of
the Imperial family were invited. Count de Morny was
the object of marked attention. To day and to-morrow
he will receive, as is customary, the visits of the diplo-
matic corps and of the Ministers and high civil and mill-
, tary functionaries.

"Lord Granville and Prince Esterhazy present their
letters of credence to-morrow to the Emperor at Peterhof.
" The Prince de Ligne, the Belgian Ambassador, is
expected on Saturday, as is also Baron de Seebach, the
Saxon Envoy.
"The Diplomatic Corps will leave for Moscow on the
22d. The departure of the Emperor is fixed for the 26th;
his solemn entry will take place on the 29th ; the coro-
nation will be ou the 7th of September ; and the Court
will return to St. Petersburg at the end of the month."

ITALY.
TURIN, ADG. 16.
The following communication, which has been
sent from Naples to the Opinione, of Turin, for
publication, has excited general attention here from
the perfect knowledge of his subject displayed by
the author, and the moderation and calmness of his
tone. It appears well worthy of the most extensive
circulation in the interest of those who are denied
a fair hearing in their own country, and whose
enemies are always on the watch to mislead public
opinion in Europe as to the real state of affairs
whenever they have an opportunity. I therefore
forward it to you intact, and without further re-
mark. It is entitled :
" CONDITION AND WANTS OY THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES.

" There are certain things in the lives of men and na-
tions which are true, but yet not apparently true ; there-
fore, whoever speaks the truth of the affairs of Naples
runs the risk of not being believed by those who are
strangers to the political and social condition of the king-
dom. A system of laws, wise and liberal—the best in
Europe, perhaps ; a tranquility almost normal of the
people, in spite of so many elements of disgust and agita-
tion ; an entire security on the part of the Government,
notwithstanding the opposition of Europe and the
menaces of France and England are facts which might
lead the most cautious politicians astray. But those
who live in Naples are aware of all that is hidden under
the veil of deceptive appearances, and of that slow work-
ing of the gangrene of disorganisation corrupting society
and Government.

" The laws certainly are good, but what is a good code
when society is placed beyond the pale of the law ;
when, instead of-being the palladium of public security,
it has become, in the hands of an arbitrary power, the
means of committing with impunity every kind of at-
, tack on persons and property ; when the laws of the
kingdom of Naples are, like the banquet of Tantalus in
the fable, the means of adding to.the sufferings of priva-
tion and the horrors of an arbitrary Government V
" The apparent tranquillity of the people is certainly
not the sign of satisfaction or of resignation. Half a
century of sad experience has unfortunately associated
the idea of government with that of oppression in the
minds of all ; and the useless attempts and cruel disap-
pointments have undermined the desires of improvement
by vague tendencies, and the fear of worse has now in-
duced a state of apathy and prostration. The people in
general can see improvement, but do not hope for it;
they feel the existence of reason, but they do not believe
in its sway. The permanence of the contradiction be-
tween right and fact, between the prescription of the
laws and the practice of the Administration, could not
but produce its effect on moral and legal habits, hence
want of confidante in men and. things, instinct of ille-
gality in the masses and in the Government, but a want
of confidence which rages—illegality that threatens.
" Such circumstances render the position of the king-
dom of Naples very different from the rest of Italy, and
the conditions of its future must be sought for in other
institutions.

"When, in 1847, the movement of reform was initi-
ated in Italy, this difference of political wants was felt
and recognised by all. What reform could be new for
the Neapolitans ? The French had accomplished a
social and political revolution in that part of Italy that
survived untouched the restoration of the Bourbons in
1815. Different from other countries of Italy, the prin-
ciples of.the French revolution were maintained sound
and entered into the legislation. That which Piedmont
has had to conquer recently by means of its Parliament
and the loss of its good relations with Rome bad been
accomplished in Naples 50 years ago. In Naples neither
the right of asylum nor exceptional jurisdiction fur ecc'e-
elastics was known ; marriage was regulated by civil law,
charitable institutions were seculariseJ, monasteries sup-
pressed, the Code Napoleon had become the law of the
country—in short, all financial,. judicial, administrative
reform had been accomplished by the decennial French
Government, and accepted, at least mmieally, by the
Bourbons. It was on this account that the reform
movements of 1847, which expressed the tendency of
progress for all the rest of Italy, could only express ten-
deecies of conservation and guarantees for the kingdom
of Naples. That which it was else where necessary to
conquer and sanction by right, it was only necessary to
assure in tact at Naples ; the reform existed, the Ad-
ministration only required to conform its practice to it.
"From 1815 to 1847 the Government, impotent to de-
stroy that which public opinion regarded with just pride,
as the best political conquest, inherited from the
French domination, applied itself to spoil insensibly
and falsify in the application that system of govern-
ment which it had accepted as the laws of the State.
Absolutism was introduced throughout the machine
of the Administration ; the Communal institutions were
falsified; the Provincial Councils reduced to a farce ;
the Exchequer turned from its principles ; the Council
of State, which was the indispensable complement of
that system of government, changed into a Consulta,
without attributes and without independence ; the
laws crossed by decrees, the decrees by rescripts, the
rescripts by the Ministryi and the Ministry by theab-
solutism of the officials, who felt themselves strong
through favour or through intrigue ; exception had
taken the place of the law, and favour the place of
justice. Such was the condition of Naples in 1847.
" While, then, they called for reform in Italy, in
this kingdom the feeling of reforms accomplished and
unobserved suggested a demand for a system of gua-
rantees and et institutions by means of which the
laws of the country should no longer be merely a word,
but a fast—should no longer remain a memorial only;
bit become a reality. Never was public opinion more
unanimous or more reasonable, Every one knows
h )w the lung understood the solemn and pacific mani-
festation of the public vote, and, conceded and swore
to the constitution on the 10th ofFebruary, 1848.

"The public light of the'Nearolitans was then com-
plete, the previous reforms were assured, the civil insti-
tutions guaranteed by the politica', and the execution uf
the lass placed under the guardianship of the general
interests. The only thing left to be done was to put
one's3elf with good faith to the work, and interpret the
laws by the practice of life ; b►tt the calamities of the
times and the malice of men interhred.

" The country, from the vortex cf anarchy, was hurled
into the abyss of despotism, and, crushed gradually in
the coils of a reaction as blind as it is unreasonable, it
has compensated by eight years of suffering the disorder
and the confidence of a day. The whole of society has
been treated as a conquered cow-Jay. The Saxons in
England were not worse in the 12th century- And all
without the appearance of right—without a pretext of
fact !

"The theorists of the reaction say that, the Neapoli-
tan people having broken the compact by the insurrec-
tion in 1848 against the King, the latter had the right
to take back what he had conceled. Error and sophism !
it pretended that the King bad the right to take
away the constitution, and for that end that he is corn-
prttnt t,) abolish the laws and the Goverment, and t).
interdict, as he had done the entire nation from the
use of the most sacred and indispensable rights ? On
the other hand, not to do 'violence to common sense in
speaking of the disorders of 1848, the doings of a hand-
ful of wicked persons should not be contounded with
the great majority of peaceful and honest citizens. Oh I
the admirable justice, indeed, of punishing a whole
nation for the faults of a few mad or misguidel indivi-
duals. •

" But historical truth does full justice to these
sophisms. Precisely when the in ha►d most lb