The Sun.
London, England, 1860-09-15 00:00:00

MEDICAL ADVICE.

F\ R. LA'MERT, Registered L.S.A., Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society,M.D.
)t the University of Erlangen, &e., may be CONSULTED
on all cases of Debility, Nervousness, and on the Secret In
fir/Rifles of Youth and Maturity, front Eleven till Two, and
tram Six till Eight, at his residence,

87, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON
Dr. La'Mert has just published, price Sixpence, with nu-
merous Engravin `Y
ork,
which and Cases, a New Edition of his
S,
which will be sent free,ELF- iPn
aRESERVATION sealed envelope. by Mann, :89,
Cornhill, Loudon, or by the Author, for Eight stamps.
SECTION j,—The PhyCONTEN TS.
siolory of the Generative Organs.
SECTION IL—Puberty- Manhood -The Morale of Genera-
tive Physiolorry—True and False Morality.
SECTION lll._Marriage in its Moral, Social, and Physical
Relations—lts Expectancies and Disappointments— A.dvan-
t4ges of Physical Contrasts in securinc", Healthy Offspring.-
SECTION IV.—Spermatorrhma and Impotence—The causes
,1 Sterility in both Sexes—self-inflicted Miseries.
SECTION V. -The Vices of Scheels—Effects of certain per-
nicious habits on the mental and general faculties.
SECTION Vl.—Treatment of' Nervous and Generative De-
bility—lmpOtenoe and Sterility—Dangerous Results of
Medical, Dietetic, and General, derived from
various Hazardous Specifics—The Author's Prinoiples of
successful practice
tuPeardenalun
The above work is intended for the perusal of' those who
Trwreeanttmye
yntea;
re,
Ilie been inducel to swerve from the striot rules
have in early
of morality. In itsiagcrisveste; coif iiiennts
auntidliloanre_
brought together, wholly
introduced into certain quasi medical
sistencies so largely
publications eiren to the world gratis, under the guise of
- "acts of gratitude," by philanthropy, or as pretended clergy-
men whose tamperings with the constitution are
men and others,
ireCtetill talitiTed by wins ovusequenogg,

GARIBALDI'S PROGRESS THROUGH

CAL ABRIA.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)

COSENZA, Auo. 31.
The task of a newspaper correspondent privileged to tra-
vel with Garibaldi's Staff is far less easy than people at
home can conceive. The trumpet's call rouses us at 3
o'clock in the morning from what seldom happens to be
better bed than the bare ground. We are to start at 4, by
moon and starlight, but seldom really manage to be off be-
fore 5, at the peep of day. Garibaldi's officers must be their
own grooms, for the soldiers appointed to each of them as
ordinanze, or servants, are not yet mounted, and seldom, if
ever, keep up with their masters. All the work of dressing,
feeding, watering, saddling, and bridling their horses falls
upon themselves, with actually no exception, save only in
the case of the General himself, to whose horse's wants two
of his favourite colonels, Trecchi and Paygi—tho former a
noble and wealthy gentleman, and aide-de-camp to King
Victor Emmanuel—are proud to minister. The horses are
stabled here and there in distant cowhouses ; forage must
often be fetched from a great way off ; the horses must net
unfrequently be watered at the stream down the valley a
mile off. Then the shoes and the saddlery must be looked
to ; rough blacksmiths and awkward cobblers summoned
from anywhere they can be found, and set to tasks for which
they are miserably unfit. At last the General mounts and
is off, and then all this preparatory work is cut short, and
every one scampers away after him as he best can, well
aware that the leader waits for no man. We ride for three
or four hours in the morning, come to a halt at 10 or 11
o'clock at some village, or in a wood, where we have to look
a long time for a basket of dry bread and hard cheese or
sausage for ourselves, and frequently nothing but stubble
hay, or a few leaves of the ripening Indian corn, for our
steeds. Again, we set out in the afternoon at 3 or 4 o'clock
and travel on jaded and exhausted till dusk or dark, when
our new night quarters are beset with new hardships
and difficulties, putting us all to our wits' ends. The
heat and dust are tremendous, for the summer has
been unusually fierce, as the people inform us,
even for semi-tropical Calabria, and there has not
been a drop of rain for the last three months.
Occlsionally, by way of variety, we come to lordly quar-
ters, some Palazzo dell'lntendenza, or some nobleman's
mansion in thw principal towns, ...a there, travel-stained
and dusty, wo sit down to champagne suppers or cola colla-
tions, supplied with the rarest luxuries. Our horses or our-
selves carry all we possess ; hardly a man indulges in a
change of linen; most of us wear no linen whatever, the
red flannel shirt answering all purposes of outward and in-
ward raiment ; and my gloves, the only gloves worn in all
Garibaldi's suite, have cost me a deal of ridicule. Nothing
is scarcer than water in most places. Few are very fasti-
lious about their ablutions, and a bath is a treat reserved
for the gods alone. Our very scanty supply of the first
necessaries of life, brandy-basks, tobacco pouches, cakes of
soap—everything has a perverse knack of losing itself, and
we have thn gift of dispensing with all we have not got, of
forgetting the advantages of the good things we have lost,
and bearing all with a Diogenes-like self-denial ; 'cool tem-
per, and admirable humour. Not so our patient, sober,
but unreasonable horses, who think a ride of 25 to 30 miles
a day, with torrid heat, choking dust, bad grooming, and
worse than short commons, rather too bad for them; and,
although they jog on and say nothing, still they louk done
up and disconsolate, and are ready to drop with fatigue
from the moment wo mount them in the morning to the
time we rid them of our burden in the evening. My poor
young gray Calabrian stumbles wofully, and I, to save his
knees and my own neck, have to lead him by the rein down
the long weary descents. Garibaldi himself has his choice
of two or three first-rate chargers, and ho seldom rides in
the afternoon when he has been in the saddle in the morn-
ing, or betakes himself to his carriage in the morning when
he anticipates a ride in the evening. But the rest of us
have only one poor brute apiece—the rider too much for his
steed, and the latter almost too great a source of trouble and
care for the former. Yet we all bear up cheerfully; you
hear no complaints ; our worst evils are capital themes for
endless jokes. You should see our dark, baked faces, closely
shorn heads, and long, dusty beards. On we must march ;
we are in full chase of the Neapolitans, and we must ride
them down, though the race be between the hare and the
tortoise.

We left Rogliano at four o'clock this afternoon, and
came to this place after four hours' journey. From Rog-
liano I sent you my last letter, bearing this day's date. At
Cosenza we found, besides the town, the whole manhood of
Calabria Citra up and in arms to welcome us. All tho ave-
nues to the town, and all its brilliantly lighted streets and
squares were encumbered with armed bands, moving about
in all directions. By this time Garibaldi, whose whole host
is toiling slowly after us, has no other forces than those the
country supplies, and if we can trust the mien and bearing
of these tall, sturdy, grizzly mountaineers, he needs no other.
They are only armed with sporting guns, truly, and many
of them only with pikes, javelins, or implements of hus •
bandry, hay forks, scythes, axes, and every variety of un-
couth murderous tools; but they, or most of them, exhibit
untamed strength and fierce courage. You would say that
every man has left his home and every man is fit to bear
arms. Truly it is the Nazione, the whole nation up and do-
ing—a nation which the Bourbon exhausted all his strength
to crush and annihilate, but which always gave him greater
uneasiness than all the rest of his kingdom put together,
and which now, on the first removal of the iron pressure,
rises all untamed, never, as one would fain hope, to submit
to the yoke again. Brave Calabrians I And you should see
the gentleness, the tenderness, I should say, not to speak of
the wild joy, of the mad enthusiasm with which they vel-
come their liberator. Their manners are very primitive,
their mode of living somewhat worse than patriarchal. Not
only do they beset the Dictator himself with a tumult of
greeting which threatens to choke him, but they hug and
squeeze and kiss us, any of us, any part of us, of our horses,
of our clothes, and trappings they can lay hold of, unmind-
ful of manful dignity, heedless of our comfort; a savage
love which neither entreaty nor rebuff can keep of. Then
they would cut themselves into pieces to serve us ; they
jostle each other to be of service to us ; but it is all much
hurry, little speed ; ;they know not which way to turn to
make themselves useful; they only imperfectly under-
stand our wants, and are at a loss in what
manner to supply our demands. The arrival of our
Staff, the marching in of our first column, creates a world
of bustle and confusion wherever we go. One man
seizes my horse's rein, hands it over to another, and
this again to a third, till the poor starving animal is lost
sight of ; then we are led to the right for a stable, and back
again to the left, and up and down all about the place, till
I begin to think that there is no stable in it, or none at
least that has not more inmates than it has accommodation
for. By degrees, however, everything finds its level—all
that the town affords is placed at our disposal, and we are
made as comfortable as circumstances allow. Then comes
the question of night quarters ; the good townsfolk snatch
us from each other's hands ; the man who has got me as a
prize takes me perhaps hall-a-mile from head-quarters and
half-a-mile from my horse's stable; he spreads me a couch,
to which I prefer his dining table or the bare ground ; offers
me a cup of wine to drink, and one of water to wash with;
he closes the window I wish to keep open, assuring me I
shall catch my death of a fever if I breathe the night dew ;
and as I disregard his well-meant warning, and insist on
having free air, he waits till I am fast asleep, and creeps in
stealthily and fastens his odious shutters, as I soon find
out by the choking of the foul air of his -dingy apartment.
The supper in the evening, however, is always plentiful,
and the coffee in the morning never-failing, for the poor
man and his good woman sit up all night for my sake to

see that I lack nothing. The viands are savoury and heat-
ing, the coffee thick and, why should I not say it, nasty;
but it is " What I have that do I give thee," m only
too glad it is no worso.
To ride all day, to write the better part-of th t, and
be up again at 3 o'clock in the morning, is not the hardest
part of your correspondent's difficulties. A letter is written
with such clearness of mind as strong coffee and a bitter
cigar can produce ; but, when my own task is done, what
about that of the postman ? All regular intercourse in
front of us is cut off by the enemy ; all communication be-
hind us is interrupted by the pressing demands of the
troops for every four-footed beast or mode of conveyance.
So long as we were near the Strait of the sea, any boat
bound to Sicily could convey a letter to Messina, where it
could take/011,s chance of • e steamers plying between that
port or Palermo, an. ,
.; .r Marseilles ; but now we
must compound with, the .nd mails, and every post-
office it closed, and it semis to be no man's business to
trouble himself either with his own or with any other man's
correspondence. Ge.iibaldi himself seems to keep up no in-
tercourse with the outer world, and he is, perhaps, most
wise so to do ; his secretary, at least, never could lend me
either help or advice ; and my letters are dropped here and
there like Sibylline leaves, to take their chance of any
friendly breeze that may waft them to their destination:
Henceforward I do not expect ,to have an opportunity of
sending a letter till we reach Naples—an event for which
Garibaldi is said to have appointed the Bth of September.
I shall therefore jot down a few notes in the shape of a
journal, and have them ready for the first sure mail to
England. . _

COSENZA, SEPT. 1.
Garibaldi leaves this place at his uaual morning, hour,
with the intention of driving to Castrovillari, 60 miles off.
All his staff and suite expected to make a halt of at least
three days, and perhaps even a whole week, in this town,
and hoped to be able to rest and,refit themselves. The order
to march on created as much consternation as surprise, for
none of our horses were fit for one mile's further journey.
The General himself, with a few of his staff, drove away in
carriages at 6 o'clock. After ransacking the whole town in
vain till 10 o'clock fora conveyance of any kind, Major Cal-
desi, myself, and an aide-de-camp of General Sirtori, the
chief commander of the staff, bearer of important des-
patches, pressed the Archbishop's coach and horses, and are
off instantly.

TARSIA, SAME DAY, 1 O'CLOCK r.m.

Garibaldi halts at Tarsia ; he orders his staff, under Col.
Paygi, to march by easy journeys at the head of his columns
and will himself proceed in the direction of Naples with a
few of his aides-de-camp, in carriages. His plans begin,
now to be clear to me. Dr. Bertani, lately raised to th•
rank of a general, has just landed with 4,000 men freshly
arrived from North Italy, at Paola, the seaport nearest to
Cosenza. Bertani himself met the General last evening at
Cosenza. Garibaldi—who, although he may gratify a useful
friend's vanity by bestowing on a doctor the empty title of
a general, is too wise to trust him with the command even
of a company—sent this morning General Turr from Co-
senza to Paola to take command of the newly arrived
iroops, bidding Bertani accompany himself in his carriage.
Turr is to re-embark Bertani's forces and convey them by
sea to Sapri, in the principality of Salerno, as we hear
that the whole of Calabria and Basilicata are now in full
insurrection, and the Royal troops are• concentrating their
forces near Salerno. It is most likely that all our divisions
will equally move forward as enchelon by sea, and that
few, if any, will be left to follow the main road by land.
CASTROVILLARI, SAME DAY, 11 o'cLocE, p.m.
I was sorely afraid to be left behind and unable to follow
Garibaldi in his hurried progress, but till now I have been
lucky enough to have it in my power to precede him. At
Tarsai, as I already informed you, the General dismissed
most of his staff, and travelled with Generals Cosenz and
Sistori, Trecchi, and a few other officers. They had no
room for me in their carriage, and I was left to my own
resources. By great good fortune I fell in with Garibaldi's
Englishman, who also travels on his own hook, and by hiring
donkeys, and leaving the General to his usual siesta, we made
such good speed that we came within three miles of Castro-
villari before the General made his appearance. We had
half killed our vetture, as mules and donkeys are called in
this country, and were therefore most happy to find; out
of the many fine carriages belonging to the notables of the
town who had come to greet the Liberator, that of a cour-
teous Marchese, who drove us into town fully one hour
before the frantic shouts of the multitude and the noise of
the mortaletti announced the arrival of the Chief. We par-
to • k at the Intendente's palace of a splendid supper with
Garibaldi's officers ; but the General pleaded fatigue, and
retired as soon as the urcavoid,hl. (.4-mementos Or
tion were over.

LAGONEGItO, IN BASILICATA,
SEPT, 2, 1 O'CLOCK, ♦.55.
We travel at such breathless speed, and with so much
discomfort, that we have hardly leisure to look at the often
smiling, sometimes dreary, but always grand scenery of
the country we are traversing. By dint of our friends'
interest, notwithstanding the horses required for the Gene-
ral's service, we were able, Colonel Peard and I,
to post before Garibaldi, keeping ono hour or more
in advance of him. From Castrovillari we toiled up a
lofty, winding, rugged mountain pass, the summit of which
marks the boundary between the province of Calabria Citra
and that of Basilicata. This and the many other narrow
gorges we have left behind render these districts of Southern
Italy almost impracticable for an army; the road running
along the whole of Calabria is as bad as it can be, and it is
the only road. By undertaking the defence of all these de-
files, one after the other, a mere handful of determined
warriors could stay the progress of a vastly superior force
for months and months. The Neapolitans, however, made
no attempt to hinder us, and now we find all these impor-
tant points in the hands of the armed population, enliven-
ing the scene wherever we pass with music and shows and
triumphant cheers. On the summit above Morano and on
the way to Rotonda we drove under a gaudy arch made of
tricolour flags, and found there bands of thousands of fierce
mountaineers, from whose chiefs we learnt that the Neapo-
litans had collected a force of 12,000 or 15,000 men about
Salerno, with a strong vanguard at Eboli. They, how-
ever, assured us that in the province of Basilicata no less
than 30,000 of the people were in arms, and that in the
principality of Solerno itself the revolution was triumphant
as far as Sala, where a Provisional Government and a Pro-
Dictator had been appointed ; and be it observed that these
people did not wait for Garibaldi's approach before they
stirred. Oa the very day on which Missori, with 250 men,
landed at Bagnara—the 19th of August—eastrovillari set
up the tricolour standard ; and on the previous day a riot
between the people of Potenza, thecapital of Basilicata, and
50 mounted gendarmes stationed among them, a riot in
which there were several killed and wounded on either side,
had terminated with the victory of the patriots, who imme-
diately proceeded to the emancipation and military and
political organisation of the whole province. These people,
in short, are determined not to bo behindhand with the
Calabrians, or with the Albanian colonies in the Southern
provinces, who are reckoned among the fiercest people in
the whole kingdom, and who, in their zeal, vowed to Gari-
baldi that an " Albanian battalion would have the honour to
be the first to enter Naples." The "Basilisks," as the
Basilicata people love to style themselves, are willing to dis-
pute this honour, and those of the principality of Salerno,
who are nearer to the scene of war, evince no less ardour.
Altogether, the attitude of all these people greatly surprises
and amazes us. It is, indeed, the case of furor arena mini-
Oral, and there has been no lack of causes to account for
this universal excitement of men's passions. Almost any,
man we meet, any of the hosts who bestow se much atten-
tion, has a tale of some deed of oppression of which him-
self or some of his friends has been the victim. This priest
has been 10 years in the galleys; the son of that venerable
old man, an exile since 1848, is expected to march through
in one of Garibaldi's legions, in which he has enlisted.
What a long Iliad of wholesale proscriptions, arrests,
banishments, barbarous punishments, vexatious surveillance
of the police, ill usage at the hands of civil and military
authorities, what series of deeds of iniquity, what instances
of atrocious abuse of power come into light I It was on this
fearful, crushing work that the stolid Bourbon relied for the
stability of his power. The wonder is, not that such a
power should break in his hand like a frail reed, but that
in the country in which almost all were sufferers not a
voice should be raised for revenge. The people rejoice in
the present, and are willing to give the past to oblivion.
The instruments of their oppressor's ferocity are, at any
rate, allowed to go by unmolested. From R eggie to Cosenza,
and again from Cosenza to this place, we never came to a
lonely spot on the road where we had not the company of
some of the poor disbanded Royal soldiers. It is a sad,
humbling, harassing sight. From the moment they yielded
up their arms they should never have wielded, Neapolitan
soldiers and officers all moved off on their way homewards.
It is the first instance, I believe, in history, in which a con-
quering and a vanquished army were seen marching side by
side, and almost promiscuously, without any hostile feelings,
without any wish to harm, but also without the power to help
each other. Tho sufferings of the dispersed Neapolitans aro
dreadful to behold, and at every step, as their numbers
increase, must rise in intensity. We must have passed
no less than 25,000 of them in our progress. As they
laid down their muskets they, every man, began
tramping. Footsore, and many of them shoeless,
almost naked some of them—for they sell all available gar-
ments—they creep along, parched, burnt, starved ; they
lie down, they care not whew, whenever fatigue overcomes
them, by the side of marshy grounds, from which they can
hardly hopo to rise on the morrow without a fever. Few
ever pass without begging lamentations, or without that
peculiar gesture of the thumb and forefinger before the
mouth, indicative of hunger in the dumb Lazzaroni lan-
guage. They apply to the syndics and other municipal
authorities at the different communes on the road ; but
towns and villages are often at 10 or 15 miles distance from
One another; they are mostly up on the hills away from

the highway, and the means by which the various corpo-
rations allowed them first a canine (about 5d.) a head ;
then three grans (lid.), are now exhausted, and the poor
deserters' application for even such paltry dole is met with
a flat refusal. Garibaldi has his own army to-feed ; and
the very dispersion of these miserable fugitives over so long
a line of march would render the distribution of relief an
impossibility. His secretary bestows a piastre on every
man who comes near to the General's carriage ; but that is
but a drop of water in a vast conflagration. No doubt a vast
number of these men must perish, yet the amiable long-
suffering features of their Italian nature come forth in all
this agony ; for although none of them are ashamed to beg,
the thought that violence might wrest from their fellow-
beings that charity which their solicitation cannot elicit,
never seems to strike any of this long train of desolate
vagrants. Would a disbanded host of Northmen, say of
Englishmen, thus tamely lay down and die ? Would they
not rather lay a strong hand on anything coming within
reach, and struggle tooth and nail for dear life ? Thus far
I have heard of no excess, or even minor offence laid to the
charge of these poor sufferers, nor of any instance of harsh-
ness evinced towards them by the inhabitants of the country
they go through. They must needs perish, and the people
cannot, to any great extent, help it. From the summit of
Merano we came to Rotonda, a place where Garibaldi was ex-
pected to halt for his noon rest ; we drove on to Castelluccio,
where we fell in with a very different set of fugitives ;
suddenly we found ourselves surrounded by a multitude
of armed royal troops, whose horse end cannon encum-
bered the whole of the narrow streets of the town. This
was the brigade of General Cardarelli, who had capitulated
at Cosenza with the revolted people and had obtained per-
mission from the insurgents to.retire with all the honours
of war, retreating upon Salerno. In the terms of this capi -
tulation every day's march was set down, and by *the time
we found them, had they kept to their feuille de route, they
ought already to have reached their destination. Castel-
luccio is a small town er village with narrow streets, which
could with difficulty muster up at the utmost 300 national
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forced marches or any other wearing hardships. We shud-
dered as we thought that in an hour, if he followed close,
Garibaldi, with a suite of no more than eight men, would
have to go through the place, stop there for a change of
horses, and find himself at the mercy of men who only a
few days before were in arms against him. Our appre-
hensions were increased, as several officers accosted us,
and, in their own name, and in the name of their general,
inquired of us when Garibaldi might be expected. Some
of the townspeople also assured us that Cardarelli was
a Royalist of the darkest die, and that two Sicilian officers
in his suite had been secretly loading their pistols at their
holsters. An attempt against the life or liberty of Gari-
baldi might at this time, if successful, turn the tide of Ita-
lian events, and the perpetrator of the dark deed we hinted
at would be sure of a rich reward either at Naples or
Vienna, if not at Paris itself. In our great uneasiness we
sent, one after another, two messengers to inform General
Cosenz of the state of things at Castelluccio, and of our
worst apprehensions. We whispered some words of cau-
tion and courage to the national guards in the town, and
proceeding to Laurie we sent them a reinforcement of 300
armed men from that town. W e waited at Lauria till
10 o'clock at night, and heard with satisfaction that Gari-
baldi had stopped at Rotonda. It seems that Gari-
baldi, warned by our messengers, and put on his guard
by other persons, had come to the resolution of pro-
longing his stay at Rotonda ; and had sent Trecchi and
another officer to Cardarelli, asking for what reasons he had
chosen to violate his capitulation, and to tarry for more than
three days on the road. He at the same time directed the
Neapolitan general to march at once on to Laurie and La-
gonegro. Cardarelli accounted for h4s delay by stating that
he had been short of provisions, and that his men had been
overpowered by the heat and fatigue of their march. He
further evinced his desire to bring his brigade, which he
described as a compact and well organised corps, into Gari-
baldi's service, as he and his officers were patriots at heart,
and willing to fight for the national cause. He concluded
by offering to comply with Garibaldi's orders as to his im-
mediate departure, and signed himself " King Victor Em-
manuel and Garibaldi's devoted subject." •
Reassured by these tidings, and by the arrival of Carda-
relli's column at Laurie, we left this latter place and pro-
ceeded to Lagonegro.

LA.GONEGRO (SAME DATE), 9 O'CLOCK MORN.

Trecehi and his companions have come on to this place.
Garibaldi left Rotonda, but is coming on by mountain paths
to avoid Cardarelli's Neapolitans on the road. The Carda-
rein Dris.de is all drawn up in arms hero on the square,
Infantry, Lancers, Carabineers, and Artillery. General
Turr, who landed last evening with 2,500 men at Sapri,
will be here in a few hours. It seems that Garibaldi does
not altogether trust Cardarolli and his troops, but is wil-
ling to let them march on in front of his own forces, to see
how they will behave before the enemy.