The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-20 00:00:00

THE SUN,' LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING,

date. It is increased where, from the time that has
elapsed, there is reason to expect that the corps is
now nearer the average size. Where no numbers
arc reported, it is calculated by the following rules :
Gazetted rifle companies are estimated at an average
strength of 80, being the mean between their mini-
mum of 60 and their maximum of 100 ; and gazetted
rifle subdivisions at an average of 40. Gazetted
artillery companies are by a similar process put
down at an average of 65, and sections at 40. Un-
gazetted rifle companies, asbeing more lately formed,
are calculated at an average strength of 70, and
their sub-divisions at 35 ; and ungazetted artillery
companies and sections at 55 and N. The third
class of corps are supposed to average 50 effectives,
except in very small places." Acting upon this
plan in his calculations, the pamphleteer brings us at
last to this very satisfactory conclusion that
already in England and Wales and Scotland we
possess as nearly as may be some 73,000 odd hundred
volunteers. The result is so important that we give
the writer's tabular statement in its entirety :

SUMMARY OF THE ESTIMATED VOLUNTEER FORCE ON
JANUARY 1, 1860.

ci
Po ula- 4, oi
Volunteers. ..9 ~...=
Country. tipon.
lArtler y -Rifles. } Total t, t 2 5.
) .
England
Wales
Scotland
Add for omissions 1 800! 7,200 i 8,000

Grand Total

20,816,351 6,716 67,0781 73,7941

From the above it will be perceived, as we took
occasion to intimate yesterday in our strictures
upon Lord MELviLLE's speech at Edinburgh, that
Scotland has paid but small regard to the absurd
views entertained, in regard to the Rifle Corps
movement, by her redoubtable Commander-in-
Chief. While Lord MELVILLE scanning deri-
sively the agitation of this Rifle Corps movement,
after the fashion of Sir CHARLES COLDSTREAM,
sees really "nothing in it"—Scotland ac-
tually takes more kindly and more zea-
lously to the movement than England and
Wales ! Insomuch that we find " Edinburgh
and Berwick, can boast of 11 volunteers to every
1,000 inhabitants, and the average for the whole of
Scotland is 5 per 1,000. Whereas no English county
reaches a higher proportion than 41 per 1,000."
It is true that even the 11 per 1,000 of Edinburgh
and Berwick have been surpassed in Oxford and
Cambridge, where we find as many as 14 and 18
per 1,000 of the inhabitants enrolled as volunteers.
But, taken as a whole, the proportions are im-
mensely in favour of the patriotic ardour of the
Scotch. No English county, as we have seen,
attaining a higher proportion than 41 per 1,000,
while upon the whole of Scotland it is, upon a
broad average, as many as five for every thousand !
So much for my Lord MELVILLE and his super-
cilious and contumelious depreciation of the Rifle
Volunteers.

To the rest of the statistics compacted together
in this singularly opportune and most acceptable
pamphlet we heartily commend the attention of all
in any way interested in the progress of the Move-
ment. With regard now to the propositions put
forward in the sequel of his argument by Mr.
DUDLEY BAXTER, we shall content ourselves here
with one single quotation. The pamphleteer has
estimated, and with reason, the probable aggregate
of the volunteers by next summer at 100,000. Cal-
culating the annual expenses of the whole force at
£2 2s. per man,or at a total for the 100,000 of £210,000
—and taking the average cost of the rifle and artillery
corps at £5 ss. per man, or upon the total of
100,000 at £525,000, he observes, " A patriotic
movement which is likely to produce contributions
in money and equipmments of so large a ra/ue as
£525,000, and which will probably pledge itself
to an annual expense of between £lOO,OOO and
£200,000 ought not to be neglected, or treated
in a parsimonious spirit. That would be a
short-sighted, as well as an ungenerous policy.
If the volunteers dwindle away, we shall never
again have 100,000 men on such easy terms. The
yeomanry cost £6 a man, and the militia cannot
be less than £4 per annum. The volunteers will
think themselves handsomely aided with £1 for
each effective member." Those words are surely
sufficient of themselves. They need not one
syllable of commentary for their enforcement.
All we need do now, therefore, is very earnestly
to commend them to the consideration of every
really patriotic member of the Lower House of Par-
liament.

When a Dissenter pleads his conscience as a rea-
son for declining to pay Church-rates, the High
Churchman turns round and tells him that his con-
science is in his pocket. Now, whether Dissenters
can fairly be suspected of pocket consciences, when
the " temporalities " in question are so small, may
well be doubted —and most candid persons will at-
tribute the objection to pay to the same sense of
injustice which resents so frequently the over-
charge of a penny, while the objector would freely
contribute his pound. But when a POPE pleads
his conscience against an EMPEROR, and uses this
convenient plea as the chief, or only one, for retain-
ing in his possession territories almost as large as
the entire native land itself of Ananias and Sapphira,
we can but feel that he has something in view
for which it may be worth while to imitate the
worthies on whom St. Peter himself inflicted such
condign punishment. Of course we do not doubt
that Popes are as conscientious as they are in-
fallible—only—in the eyes of carnal-minded lay-
men, when conscience pleads for temporal dominion,
wealth, and aggrandisement, these grand tem-
poral things hide conscience from their view.
When they see any man, and especially a man
who claims to concentre in his person the attri-
butes of the Great REDEEMER himself, eager to
govern all he can, and get all he can in the
worldly sense, they have need to be told that
" conscience" is the reason for it all, for they would
not guess it was there, were they not told it. They
do not themselves pretend to seek " temporalities "
for " conscience' sake," and it is only by a most
vigorous effort of faith—of faith against all their
own experience—that they eau conceive even of
his Holiness doing from conscience what they
always do from motives passable enough as the
world goes, but having no title to the dignity or
respectability of a conscientious paternity. But
the Pope, unfortunately, is under the strongest
temptation to affiliate his mental offspring to the
more respectable of the two fathers of all his
thoughts. Unfortunately, we say, because the
world will think that offspring so like its own
must have the same orig:n.

Leaving, however, the conscience of his Holiness,
and letting it pass for what it is worth, we can
only apply to the case the ruder judgment of mere
laymen. We make a conscience of justice we hope,
though our claims to " Holiness" maybe but small ;
and in this balance by which laymen settle their
affairs we must weigh the claims of even his Holi-
ness, to the Legations. He puts rebellion into one
scale. We put the right of rebellion into the other.
',"hen, then, we look at his weight and ours,
we see in his nothing but a word ; in ours some-
thing so solid that it has outweighed, at some time
or other, the mere word, in perhaps every State in
Christendom, or even in the world. England,
France, Germany, Italy itself, all are what

they tare, in virtue of repeated rebellions. In-
deed our snug little island itself was
once the fief of the POPE, but our
sturdy barons, like the sturdy Bolognese, saw fit
to rebel against his Legate. England had no fancy
to becoming or remaining a Legation—an outlying
dependency of his Holiness. Our patriots, like
those of Italy, rejected his temporal rule before
they repudiated his spiritual authority ; and his
temporal assumptions had much to do with our
discerning the absurdity of his spiritull preten-
sions. Highly probable is it that in Italy it will
be the same, and that his clinging to temporalities
-will convince those who are now faithful Catholics,
that Popes cannot be the successors, as the
Catholic Marquis D'AZEGLIO says, of Him who
said that His " Kingdom was not of this world,"
and of Apostles who certainly had no temporal
power to delegate.
All the free nations, and all the lovers of liberty
in Europe and in the world, are of one mind re-
specting the right of the Legations and of the
other Roman States too, to abolish at once and
for ever the temporal reign of the POPE. Never
amongst all persons deserving the name of
freemen, was there a greater unanimity than on
the fact that the Government of the POPE
is amongst the scandals of civilization. We need
not repeat the results of M. ABOUT'S investigations.
The main facts had been known for years. The
very laws—witness those respecting the Jews, by
which Mr. LANGDILE has the effrontery to defend
that outrage on the most sacred rights of humanity
in the Mortara case—are, many of them, worthy
only cf the darkest ages. But the administration
of them is a disgrace to the name of Government.
It is obviously such, without descending to de-
tails, that those who live under it would not
do so one moment longer, were foreign bayonets
withdrawn. What can the POPE'S foolish sup-
porters make of this undeniable fact ? Will they,
in this country at least, pretend that subjects de-
serve the name of rebels in any dishonourable
sense when their ruler cannot rely on a native
army ? What would they think of their own case,
if the Government of our QUEEN were such, that
she dare not enlist Englishmen into her army, but
had to hire all the mercenary scamps of the Con-
tinent and make them her guards ; and had, in
addition, to ask our distinguished ally for uome
100,000 men to prevent her subjects from sending
her back to Saxe-Gotha ?

As to the practical part of the case, however, we
suspect the conscience of his Holiness will be taken
little account of, whether a Congress meet or not.
Diplomatists look only at what can be done. Con-
gress, or no Congress, force is renounced. That
fact is the key to the whole question. Count
CAVOUR, the Italian patriot, is again in power.
GARIBALDI is exerting his influence again. BUON-
43011PAGNI is writing earnestly for Italian liberty,
and doing something for it too. The professed respect
of LOUIS NAPOLEON for the treaty of Zurich is
a mere piece of verbal consistency ; the FACTS are
all working towards the independence of the Lega-
tions and of Italy, while the POPE and his Cardinals
have to be content with words ; the King of
SARDINIA evidently feels freed from his former
constraint; the Emperor of the French openly
fraternises with our Government, whose views are
sufficiently well known. The result we may hope
will be the certain freedom of the Legations, and,
if French soldiers leave Rome—which it is ru-
moured they will do, though we can hardly believe
it—the freedom of Italy from the Alps to Sicily.

THE EARL OF DERBY AT LIVERPOOL,

LIVERPOOL, JAN. 20.

One of the most distinguished companies that
ever aseembled to grace the civic board met last
evening at the Town-hall. The party was a pri-
vate one, being one of those genial and hospitable
reunions for which our chief magistrates are so
famous.

The guests numbered about 50, including the
Earl of Derby, Lord Stanley, Sir Thomas G.
Hesketh, Bart., Mr. Thomas B. Horsfall, M.P ,
Mr. Joseph C. Ewart, M.P., the Hon. Algernon
Egerton, M.P., and Captain Mends, It N.

After dinner the usual round of toasts afforded
ample scope for the easy play of eloquence, which,
under the shelter of privacy, became, if not so
spirited, more sparkling,
The Earl of Derby, in a lengthy address, alluded
to the state of the political world. He expressed
a hope that the ensuing session would witness the
adoption of a Reform Bill. It was desirable that
the vexed question should be set at rest, and he
believed the Conservative party would offer no
factious opposition to the present Ministry in bring-
ing forward a substantial measure of Reform.
The liberal and manly tone pervading the speech
elicited frequent applause. Lord Stanley was also
happy in his remarks, which indicated sympathy
for progress in toleration.

The health of his worship, the Mayor, was pro-
posed by the Earl of Derby, and heartily received.
The company separated about 11 o'clock.

ROYAL THEATRICALS.

The fourth dramatic performance this season took place
last night at Windsor Castle. The following was tho pro-
gramme :
A comedy, in two acts, by Mr. Tom Taylor (adapted from
M. Octave Feuillet), entitled,
THE HOUSE OR THE HOME?
Theßight Hon. Horace Chetwynd,
M.P.
General Witherington, C.B Air. C. Selby
Frederick Wardour (clerk to the

•
- - -
Foreign office) Mr. Billington.
Lady Helen Chetwynd Miss H. Simms
The Hon. Mrs. Wardeur (mother
to Frederick)
Hopwood (Lady Helen's maid) Miss Laidlaw
After which a petite drama, in one act, by Mr. Benjamin
Webster, entitled, _ __

ONE TOUCH OF NATURE.
Mr. William Penn Holder Mr. Benjamin Webster
Mr. Beaumont Fletcher (a barrister
and dramatic author) Mr. Billington
Mr. Belgrave
Jones (porter, &c., to the Adelphi-
chambers) Mr. C. J. Smith
Miss Constance Belmour Miss H. Simms
[Under the management of Mr. George Ellis, and under
the direction of Mr. W. B. Donne, her Majesty's Exa-
miner of Plays.]
*The Theatre arranged and tho scenery painted by Mr.

Thomas Grieve.]
Shortly after eight o'clock the Queen and Princo Con-
sort, with the Prince of Wales, Princess Alice, the Duke
of Cambridge, Prince Arthur, Princess Helena, Princess
Louisa, and Prince Leopold, attended by the Ladies and
Gentlemen in Waiting, and accompanied by the dinner
company, entered the Theatre in St. George's Hall, when
the performance immediately commenced.

THE LATE QUICK PASSAGE OF THE

13RLYCE ALBERT.

The following authentic abstract from the log of the At •
lantic Royal Mail Steam Navigation Company's screw
steam-ship Prince Albert, which has been forwarded for
publication, may not be uninteresting to our readers. It
will be seen that from New York to St. John's, Newfound-
land, the Prince Albert averaged 11 knots an hour, and
from St. John's to Galway (i.e., across the Atlantic), during
the whole passage, 12 knots an hour. This is a great thing
for any steam-ship to have done. It is the first return
voyage of the Prince Albert since she was lengthened,
altered, and strengthened by Messrs Laird, of Birkenhead,
for the company :

Abstract Log of steam-ship Prince Albert's sixi
Nieh.las Prowse, Commander, from New Yoi
John's, Newfoundland, to Galway :

I voyage,
rk and St.

Pate—January. Lat— . I
—on.
—1 Course. Dis. Winds.
-- —
Thursday, sth* .. N. W. deg.
Friday, 6th
Saturday, 7th
Sunday, Nth 4l. 0 57.20 N. 61 E. 291 S. W.
M. uday, 9tht
Tuesday, 1 411:
Wednesday, 11th 40.30 401.0 N. 01 E. 260 Westerly.
Thursday, 12th
Friday, 13th 12.30 3!.30 S. 87 E. 306 W.N.W.
Saturday, 14th
Sunday, 15th
Monday, 16th il• •• • N. 89 E. 250 N.W.

* Left the wharf at New York at 2.30 p.m.
t At 10 a.m. sounded on the banks of Newfoundland,
then steered Nll deg, NV 40 miles for Cape Spear. Passed
an iceberg, bearing from Cape Spear about N by E half E,
distant 30 miles. Made Cape Spear 4.45 pm.
Left St. John's at 3 p.m. ; discharged pilot outside the
harbour 3.15 p.m.
II Anchored at Galway 11.30 a.m.
NICIIOLAS PROW ; Commander,

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received al
Mr. Reuter's office :

PARIS, JAN. 20.

The following diplomatic changes have been
decided upon, and will be published in the Moniteur
immediately after the arrival of Thouvenel :
M. Adolph Barrot, at present Ambassador at
Madrid, to succeed M. Thouvenel at Constantinople.
The Duke de Grammont, Ambassador at Rome,
to replace M. Barrot.
The Prince de la Tour d'Auver,gne to be raised
to the rank of Ambassador at the Papal Court.
M. de Billing, Chef du Cabinet (private) under
Count Walewski, to be Chief of the Financial De-
partment at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, re-
placing M. Armand Lefebvre, who is to return to
his former office at the Council of State.

VIENNA, JAN. 20.

The following is official:—

All reports published by the Sardinian papers
concerning the desertion of Hungarian soldiers
from the garrisons in Venetia are unfounded.

The results of an inquiry, ordered by the Com-
mander-in-Chief of Verona, show that not one
Hungarian soldier has deserted his colours since
the conclusion of the peace at Villafranca. Several
secret agents, however, have been arrested for en-
deavouring to tamper with the Hungarian regi-
ments.

PARIS, THURSDAY EVENING.

The Patrie of this evening, in mentioning the
reports on the Ministerial crisis in Sardinia, says :
" The appointments of Count Cavour and Gen.
Farini as Ministers are positive, but nothing cer-
tain is as yet known as regards the other Ministers.
"Letters from Florence state that, in consequence
of a conspiraoy in favour of the Grand Duke hav-
ing been discovered, several arrests have taken
place."

SARDINIA. .
TURIN, JAN. 19.

The slight indisposition of the King continues,
and in consequence the reception of Baron de
Talley rand P who was to present his lettres de
creance to-day, did not take place.

The following will probably be the list of the
new Ministry :
Foreign: Affairs
War
Public Instruction Signor Mamiani.
Finance
Justice Signor Cassini.
Public Works Signor Elena.

For the Ministry of the Interior M. Desambrois,
Signor Parini, and Signor Cassilla are spoken of,
but nothing has as yet been decided.

ANTIBES, JAN. 19.

The Governor of Nice has prohibited the journal
L'A venir from discussing the annexation of Savoy
to France, and reproducing articles of foreign
papers treating on that question.

MARSEILLES, JAN. 19.

M. de Thouvenel has arrived here, and will leave
this evening for Paris. M. de Lesseps has also
arrived.

Letters from Constantinople to the 12th inst.
report that Kibrisli Pasha was about to return to
office, Sir Henry Bulwer having expressed to the
Sultan the displeasure of the English Government
at his dismissal.

M. do Thouvenel had, before leaving for Paris,
insisted upon receiving a more precise declaration
concerning the Suez Canal project.

Advices from Athens of the 12th state that a
change of Ministry was shortly expected.

The Paris correspondent of the Morning Chronicle
(Second Edition) says:—
" We do not yet know all the details of the
Treaty, but we feel persuaded that both France and
England will find it greatly to their advantage,
because, from what has come to our knowledge, the
general bases will be as follows :
" On the side of France, suppression of prohibi-
tions, and diminution of the duties on coal and

iron.
" On the part of England, reduction of the duty
on wines, spirits, articles de Paris, and silks."

FRANCE.
PARIS, TITURSDIT.
(Front the Correspondent of the Times.)

The Treaty of Commerce with England will be
signed before the present week is out. Lord Cowley
has returned to Paris with full powers to do so, and
there only remains some minor details to complete
that most important act. The Emperor is, as you
are aware, bound by engagement till July, 1861, in
favour of the French manufacturers ; but it is said

that the treaty will take effect in England forth-
with, though not in France for 18 months to came.
This satisfaction will, perhaps, not be grudged,
considering the difficulties that had to be met here.

The Prohibitionists are, as might be expected,
most discontented at the fall of their monopoly.
We hear of threats of blowing out furnaces, shut-
ting up manufactories, leaving thousands of work-
men on the streets to starve, or to be fed by the
Government, &c. 150 angry Protectionists, from
various departments, assembled in the courtyard
of the Minister of Commerce and Public Works
yesterday, and asked an audience. M. Rouher
professed his wish to hoar what they had to say,
150 men haranguing all at the same time was not to
be thought of, and it was difficult to give an
hour to each. They agreed to name a deputation
of five, who conferred with the Minister on the
projected reforms, that is against them. What
passed I know not, but we may guess the sort of
arguments they put forward ; and I doubt that they
convinced the Minister that France would inevi-
tably be ruined if the impost levied on the French
people for the benefit of a few were done away
with.

The " inquiry" commenced the day before yester-
day, when M. Miinerel and other noted Prohibi-
tionists pitted themselves against M. 1)ollfus and
others on the opposite side. A manufacturer, well
known for his wealth and his liberal opinions on
these matters, declared, in the presence of many
persons, that he was actually ashamed of the enor-
mous profits which he and his confreres hAd made
for years past.

The Debuts, which at first excited some surprise
by the terms in which it spoke of the Emperor's
letter in favour of a greater freedom of commerce,
now publishes a strong article from the pen of M.
Michel Chevalier, the well-known political econo-
mist, praising in the most unqualified manner the
proposed modifications. The Imperial plans, he
observes, are above all distinguished by the great
characteristic that they have nothing in common
with thoso hasty projects which are called into
existence by political necessities, but are, on the
contrary, the fruit of long and patient examination,
arriving at a conclusion, ust in time to inaugurate a
policy of peace. In addition to the two powerful
levers which the Emperor has named for carrying
out his views—readiness of communication and pub-
lic credits—M. Chevalier suggests, as a third, pro-
fessional education, so as to prepare a greater num-
ber for the industrial arts. The article then pro-
ceeds to say—

" What is not less significant in the Imperial letter is
the qualification it contains of the system of ultra-regula-
tion. Our great:enterprises,' it says, are embarrassed by
a host of restrictive regulations.' These words deserve to
be received with the utmost gratitude, In France regula-