The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-02 00:00:00

but £lOO a year should have devoted himself to
some honourable occupation, and lived within hi,
means—a course of conduct not derogatory even to
the son of a Duke, but, instead of that, they found
him indulging in luxuries, and, he was afraid, vices
and transactions that would not bear the light of
day. The discretionary clause gave the power of im-
prisonment for six months, but calendar months were
not specified, and it was a rule of law that where
that was the cue lunar months should be taken to
be meant. He should proceed under the penal
clause, but no further than to alter the six lunar
months in the discretionary clause into calendar
months. The insolvent would have to be imprisoned
for six calendar months from the date of his vest-
ing order.

Messrs. Basham, jun., and Wilson were appointed
assignees.

ME PROPOSED T MA.RICET AT

SMITHFIE'LD.

On Saturday last, at noon, a special meeting of
the Markets Improvement Committee, summoned
by direction of Mr. H. L. Taylor, the chairman, was
held in No. 1 committee-room, Guildhall, to con-
sider what steps should be taken by the Corpora-
tion in relation to the bill before Parliament for
the erection of a meat and poultry market on the
site of Smithfield, and also to consider the altera-
tions made by the Committee of the House of Cora-
-1 mons in reference to that measure.

Mr. IL L. Taylor presided, and a large number 1
of the members of the committee were present.
A long discussion took place, in the course of
which several members objected to the alterations
made by the Parliamentary Committee, and contended
that unless the amount of rent, namely,lo. per square
foot per week was allowed, as recommended and
agreed to by the Corporation, the Court of Com-
mon Council should not be recommended further to
prosecute the bill. It was agreed that it was an im-
portant matter that the Parliamentary Committee
had conceded the.principle of levying a toll on the
goods brought into the market for reimbursing the
Corporation for their outlay, but it was objected
that the amount should have been altered to a
farthing upon 201bs. instead of 141bs. ; and for this
reason also it was thought that the bill should not
be proceeded with.

Dr. Ross and other members urged that it was
the duty of the Corporation, seeing the necessity
which existed at the present time for the erection
of a central market for the sale of provisions in the
City of London, to continue the bill if they could
not get the amount of rent and toll as originally
proposed, that they should accept the alterations as
made by the committee of the House of Com-
mons. This argument, however, met with strong
opposition, and it was agreed by a majority that
unless Government could be induced to insert a
clause fixing the toll at the original sum of one
farthing for 141b5., and the rent at three halfpence
per square foot, instead of a farthing for 201b5., and
one penny per foot, as agreed to by the Parliamen-
tary Committee, the Corporation should be recom-
mended not to proceed with the measure.
The importance of the question was agreed to on
all sides, and ultimately it was arranged that
several members of the committee should wait
upon the Home Secretary to learn the opinion of
the Government in reference to the subject. As
soon as the conference has been held we understand
that the Lord Mayor will be requested to call a
special court of Common Council, when the report
of the Markets Improvement Committee will be
brought up and considered by the members of the
Corporation.

POLAND.

The following is the speech delivered by Prince
Witold Czartoryski at the annual meeting of the
Literary Association of the Friends of Poland, on
the 26th ult. :
My Lords and Gentlemen,—My father desired me to
attend your meeting, in order to express to you, in the name
of our countrymen, in the name of the whole of Poland,
the sense of admiration with which we are penetrated for
your generous persevering labours. When I had last the
happiness of attending your annual meeting, it was pre-
sided over by Lord Dudley Stuart. I can assure you he
is constantly present to our memory, and nothing occurs
of importance in the world, but we are heard to exclaim,
" Oh that Lord Dudley Stuart was there." However, though
he be lost to us, the spirit that animated him is not lost.
The task of which he became the expression, has been
nobly, and in a truly edifying manner, carried on by your-
selves. Poland knows your names, and repeats them with
blessings. She knows that you are her stedfast friends,
and defenders of her cause, alas I A cause of justice, and
therefore to your honour be it said a cause of sacrifice
and devotion. The late war in Italy, and the share taken
by France in her liberation has greatly cheered our hopes.
We trust our turn also will come - and we firmly believe that
when that desired moment shall 'Ave arrived, the aid of Engs
land like wise will not be found wanting. On the contrary, we
are persuaded that we shall be supported by the forces of
France and England united together. And when was that
moment more propitious than nowt When the three powers
(our enemies) that you would not form erly remonstrate with,
because they were strong, are now weak, and one may say
thoroughly disorganised ; for surely the diminition of their
forces has not in your eyes diminished their guilt, and when
Poland certainly shows that her friends in the West will
find her ready to face her enemies. Poland has given- up
wasting her energiesgies on dark trammels and unprofit-
able conspiracies. She is bent now wholly on the bring-
ing forth her latent internal forces. She is multiplying
her commercial enterprises, agricultural associations,
banking establishments, in a word, giving herself
up entirely to internal activity, peaceably and openly,
under the very eyes of her present rulers. But
whilst she is doing that, our enemies, and above all Russia,
have not relented from their murderous, exterminating
policy. With Russia the system is what it was—protection
of law, none ; personal security, none ; religious freedom,
none ; schools, none ; but police agents innumerable, and
venal functionaries as numerous as they are immoral, be
yond cure. But mark this, gentlemen, this enemy of ours
is not only an enemy of Poland; Russia is above all,
more than is believed in this oountry, the enemy of Eng-
land, the very foe of civilisation, being herself the seat
and focus of barbarism. If Russia, on the one hand,
seeks to destroy everything that is Polish, or that
tends to the civilisation and progress of Europe,
i she ad-
vances, on the other hand, with gigantic strides n Asia,
armed with the powerful weapons of European know-
ledge, and assimilates to herself the barbarous nations she
brings into subjection. This ceaseless labour has already
lasted for six centuries. It began when the Russian empire
was founded by Prince George Dolgorulsi, the first con-
queror of the countries which constitute Central Russia.
The Ouralian and Semitic races which he found there spoke
various languages, and professed the Pagan, the Mahome-
tan, or the Jewish faith. The Russian Czars imposed
upon these inferior races an official Russian language and,
religion, the spiritual head of the latter residing at Moscow
under their absolute supervision. These races resisted with
vigour the rule thus attempted to be forced upon them
until the 16th century, when at length all were converted
to the language and religion of their masters, as the Indians
were in Spanish America. Their customs, their character,
and their local institutions remained, and are still in their
normal Asiatic condition. But since the 16th century all
these races have been assimilated. Upwards of 40 millions of
men, speaking the same language, professing the same
faith, clad in the same costume, constitute the huge nucleus
of an incessant spirit of conquest. Russia has of late suc-
ceeded in overcoming the long protracted resistance of the
Circassians. Promises, Russian decorations, and money
are the arms which have been most effectual in securing
this object. This people, which has for half a century
arrested Russia in her progress of encroachment,
is . now conquered, dispirited, and deserted by
Turkey and the 'Western Powers, forced to march
against its natural friends under Russia's banner.
A project, originating from St. Petersburg, for uniting all
these races into an army of Sepoys of unlimited number, is
already in execution. The Russian army of the Caucasus,
which is the flower of all the troops in that Empire, will
be employed elsewhere. The majority of the races in-
habiting the Caucasian provinces have already contributed,
and are contributing, their contingents to this projected
force. If England permits Russia to execute this new plan
of military organisation in the Caucasus, an indigenous
Russian army will, in a few years, suffice to conquer the
whole of Asia Minor, and to march to the gates of Con-
stantinople. Further eastward Russia has conquered and
organised the hordes of Baskirs, Kirgises, Kalmucks, and
Turcomans. She has the Caspian and the Sea of Aral;
her steam flotillas have taken possession of the rivers of
Sirdaria and Dhihoun. The Khanats of Khocan, Khiva,
and Bokhara yet enjoy an illusory independence. The fort
of Perowski on the Sirdaria, 500 miles east of the Sea of
Aral, commands the district of Khocan, whose inhabitants
have, after several fruitless attacks, despaired of retaking
it. On the day when a railway will connect the Caspian
with the Sea of Aral, embracing a distance of hardly 100
miles, all this portion of Central Asia will virtually
belong to Russia ; for she will then be able to send
her troops as far as Cachemir and into the midst of the
land of the Sikhs. At this instant, however, Russia
is weak and disorganised. She waits with anxiety for
a great change, which may increase her strength ten-
fold. Whether this change will be produced quietly, or
by means of a terrible revolution, it is impossible to foresee.
Whatever happens, there is no reason to hope that any
greater security against Russian aggression will accrue to
Eur. pe ; for, in order that this might be, it would be ne-
cessary that this revolution shouldintroduce into the minds
of the Russians the civilizing ideas of the West, and that,
so to say, the whole of the Russian nation should pass over
to the side of the Weitern Powers. It is very doubtful
whether they either could or would do this. A new pa.. arty,
is now springing into existence in Russia, consisting of
the intelligent and generous minds in the empire, calledof
" Young Russia." This party is called upon, by the force
circumstances, to take the place of the old
imposed
nbureathue
u-
cracy, and the strange organisation it has pon
Holstein
Herzen, scae
hhtai ienofn of
d;
in
Russians—Peter the Great and the dynastyof
. .1.
Gottorp. But those supposed chiefs of all progress
their
sin
Russia curse and detest the Western nations. In all
writings they accuse Western society n
rottenness and corruption. M. ert
0z e
tnah, dithem
el
theirtv h
an address to the Poles, holds out
totrue • 6
unite themselves with old Russia, and. realise liberty
brotherhood, exhorts them to. become true democrats-, t
on earth, the eradication of all religion, communism, See.
for action has arrived.
Such are the sentiments of men wh om a revolution would
render all-powerful. The moment
If, now that there is yet time, Europe will not make an
effort in the cause of justice, the moment will soon come
when she will have to use extreme measures not to perish
herself. Poland is always at her post, ready to do her
On
the
duty. She waits.
Tho Prince then presented the noble chairman with the
map of
ancient
Poland,
and
published bound, executed,
by the Poles in Paris, under the patrol:l'as%. and
"To the Most cover was
superintendence of Prince Czartcryski, Generr. Count
zamoyski, and General Chrsanowski.
the following inscription in gold letters
Noble the Marquis Townshend, President of the Literary
4nAsasomciattiiotuncieofisthQeffeFrriedeniadsthofe PAltawindierthsipoken of respect