The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-26 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

At a full parade of the officers and men of the
Royal and Indian Engineers at Brompton barracks,
Chatham, yesterday, the finding and sentences
passed on two incorrigible characters belonging to
the Royal Engineer Train by a district court mar-
tial were promulgated to the troops. Joseph Taylor,
one of the prisoners tried, bears the character of
being one of the very worst men in her Majesty's
service, all attempts to reclaim him having failed.
He has been in the service about three years, during
nearly the whole of which time he has been under
punishment, and most of his time in prison. He has
been tried no less than eight times by court martial
for various crimes. The offence for which he was
tried on the present occasion was that of having de-
serted from head quarters and making away with
the whole of his regimental necessaries, which he
sold for a trifling sum. He is branded with the let-
ter " D," and is altogether a most worthless charac-
ter. The court b efore which he was tried sentenced
kim to receive 50 lashes, to be imprisoned for 168
days, and to be placed under stoppages until the
value of his regimental articles is refunded. On the
sentence being submitted to Major-Gen. Eyre, co m-
manding the district, he was pleased to direct that
the prisoner should only receive 25 lashes, which
will be administered in the military prison, Roches-
ter, 20 days' additional imprisonment being
awarded him. At the expiration of his term
of imprisonment he will be dismissed with dis-
grace from her Majesty's service. The second
prisoner tried was George Taylor, his crime being
also that of desertion and making away with all his
necessaries. The Court sentenced him to be
branded with the letter " D," to be imprisoned for
112 days, and to be placed under stoppages. After
the sentences had been read both prisoners were
handed over to the custody of a strong escort and
conveyed to Fort Clarence military prison.
The Commanding Royal Engineer at Chatham
has received orders to prepare the necessary plans
and specifications for the several blocks of huts and
other buildings which are to erected on the site be-
tween the:Thames and Medway, purchased by the
Government as a rifle range for the officers and
troops belonging to Chatham garrison. The huts
will be built sufficiently capacious to quarter seve-
ral hundred troops in them, the authorities having
decided on always keeping a large body of men
under regular instruction.

The next examination of candidates for direct
commissions by the Council of Military Education
is to commence on Monday next at the Royal
Hospital, Chelsea.

The half-yearly inspection of the Royal Artillery
in the South-west District, has just been completed
by Col. F. Dunlop, C. 8., in command of the force
stationed in the district. The force comprises :
Field Artillery, one mounted battery, and two bat-
teries of the Bth Brigade-Garrison Artillery-10th
Brigade, eight batteries; 15th Brigade, six bat-
teries. Coast Brigade, one division, and the Suf-
folk and Dublin Militia Artillery Regiment. The
guns now mounted on the various works are up-
wards of 700. There are also two field batteries of
Armstrong guns, and one of smooth bore 9-pounders.
The following detachmeni of the 50th Regiment
will embark to-day on board the Herefordshire, at
Spithead, for conveyance to Ceylon :—Capt. Ellis,
Ensigns Fleury and Rolleston, 62 men, 5 women,
and 4 children.

The pedestal erected at Woolwich for the reception
of the monumental memorial intended to commemo-
rate the deaths of the officers and men of the Royal
Artillery, who fell in the Crimean war, having been
completed, the model figure in plaster was yester-
day placed thereupon, and in consequence of some
of the mornitig
papers having stated that his Royal
Highness the Duke Pf
Cambridge would be present
to lay the foundation stane) an unusual number of
~nd lingered about
persons collected on the spot,
of behold-
for upwards of an hour in the expectation
ing some public ceremony. The statue, which (-in-
sists of an allegorical figure of Honour, encircled
in a loose drapery, is 9 feet high, and the pedestal
18 feet from the cap to the base, making a total of
27 feet in height. The figure is consequently per-
ceived on entering from any quarter, and faces the
barrack field and the review ground. In the rear
are the extensive range of the barracks, and the
parade ground, the whole of which, together with
the old Indian trophies stationed on either side, and
in front have an appropriate and picturesque ap-
pearance. The figure is represented as extending
the right hand, in the act of crowning with immor-
tality the deceased warriors who are supposed to
kneel in succession, while a couple of wreaths are
held loosely on the left arm for that purpose also.
The present figure in plaster will remain for a short
time in its position, in order to obtain a correct
judgment of the effect, after which it will be re-
placed by the permanent one, to be cast from cannon
taken from the Crimea, 12 of which, weighing
about 10 cwt. each, have been transported to Mr.
Bell's studio for that intention. The statue will be
cast in one solid block of metal, to consist of between
four or five tons weight. When completed, the
monument is expected to be inaugurated by his
Royal Highness the Commander-in Chief in per-
son.

The following memorandam was yesterday re-
ceived at Woolwich :

"With reference to the Royal Marine circular of
the 9th of May, 1859, referring to lodging money,
the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have
been pleased to signify that increased lodging al-
lowance at the rate of 4d. a day shall be paid to
the married non-commissioned officers, drummers,
privates, and gunners of the Royal Marines who
are compelled to live out of barracks for want of
accommodation, in the following proportions
5 out of 4 or 5 sergeants per parade company, 4

out of 5 or 6, 6 out of Bor 9, and 6 out of 10 or up-
wards, and to other married non-commissioned
officers and men at the rate of 8 per cent. of the
whole number on shore of married and single men,
as well as all men who may happen to be in gar-
rison belonging to other divisions. The remaining
non-commissioned officers and married men are to
receive the 2d. a day lodging allowance as at pre-
sent.

" By command of their Lordships,
" S. ROBERT WESLEY, Deputy Adjt.-Gen."

FRENCII POLICY IN ITALY.

The following is a full translation of tha article
under the above heading in the Constitutionnel, a
summary of which has already appeared in our
columns :

" The policy of the Emperor in Italy is attacked
with the same energy by the two extreme sides
of public opinion. Let us first consider how these
attacks are made. We shall reply to them with
the less embarrassment, when we have frankly
made them known.
" On the one hand it is said to the Government
of the Emperor,—

" You have nobly sacrificed your programme, so
as not to disturb the peace of Europe. By halting
at Villafranca you endeavoured to stop revolution,
to save the Pope, and reconcile Princes with their
subjects. All that has been written, but not car•
ried out. Your signature affixed to the treaty of
Zurich has been cancelled by the ambition and bad
faith of Piedmont, which discarded its own. The
Princes, whose rights were reserved, are in exile.
The Papacy, which you declared it was your wish
to consolidate in its temporal power, has lost the
greater portion of its possessions. Revolution
overruns the Peninsula; it has invaded Sicily and
Naples ; perhaps, a few months hence, it will attack
Venetia ; everywhere it destroys your work, and its
very boldness is a proof of your impotency.
" The disavowals you make to Piedmont are of
not one-tenth more avail than your counsels, and
by disavowing her you do not seem to free your-
self, for you seem to approve that which you
tolerate. Thus, before public opinion, you are
the accomplice of a policy which you are obliged to
blame. As no one believes in the weakness of a
great nation like France, and of a Sovereign bear-
ing the name of Napoleon, you are suspected of
duplicity.

" Europe, which was accustomed to trust you,
begins to doubt you; even the Church suspects
your protection, and the sacrifices which you make
in the interests of the Sovereign Pontiff do not
allay the mistrust of the Catholics. Throw up this
false and humiliating position. Do not be taken in
tow by Sardinia ; do not be revolutionary against
your inclination. With a firm hand uphold the
treaty of Villafranca ; intervene, so as not to be mis-
led ; restore to the Pope his provinces, to the Princes
their thrones, to Italy the conditions of her poli-
tical existence, and you will soon regain the
confidence of Europe, which you have lost, and the
gratitude of the Papacy, which you have alienated !
" On the other hand we hear quite different lan-
guage. It is said to the Government of the Em-
peror :
" ' You have taken the cause of Italy in hand ;
it is your initiative, it is your support, which have
restored to a whole people the irresistible impulse
of their nationality. You have staked the money,
the honour, and the blood of France in this great
matter. By signing the peace of Villafranca you
reserved the rights of Princes, but did not impose
them. By restoring the Italians to themselves you
_

made them the arbitrators of their own destinies,
and placed their fate in their own hands. The

programme which you did not tkink it advisable to
carry out has been taken up and realised by them.
They are now the soldiers of the cause of .which you
were the promoter and the support. In vain would
you stop the Italian idea; ideas are like cannon-
balls—once fired off, nothing can stop them. Doubt-
less there was an infringement of international law
—doubtless what is taking place is abnormal and
irregular ; but above written laws in social crises
there is sometimes a higher right. It is this right
which the Italians are now defending in the Papal
States and in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Their conduct, which must be blamed by diplo-
macy, will be absolved, and perhaps glorified, by
history. What, in fact, is the peculiar interest at-

tached to an unpopular dynasty, like that of the
Bourbons at Naples, repudiated by the people, re-
duced to a tardy resistance in a corner of the king-
dom, and condemned by the opinion of Europe at
the Congress of Paris ? What is the political sove-
reignty of the Pope, which is incompatible with the
independence of the nation, and which can only be
maintained by foreign arms ? What is all that
compared to the great result of the constitution of
Italian nationality, formed under the protection of
France, and as an outpost of its power in Europe ?
That cause is yours. Act frankly where your in-
terests are at stake and where sympathy awaits
you : do not by hesitation lame the generous efforts
in the Two Sicilies, which can neither hurt your
feelings nor thwart your designs. Do not
continue at Rome an occupation which irri-
tates the national feelings of the population with-
out sparing you the ingratitude of the Papal Go-
vernment. Let Italy develope the independence
which you have encouraged and the unity which
will turn to your advantage. Finally, to quote your
own words, ' Let the soldiers of freedom today be-
come to-morrow the citizens of a great country.
" Such is the whole truth, without curtailment,
of the reproaches and counsels addressed to French

policy by the extremes of public opinion.
" If we were to show that this policy could no ,
without compromising its most strict principles and
most essential interests, adopt either of the two
lines of conduct which it is reproached for not hav-
ing adopted, we should have given the best possible
answer to the accusations we have just stated.
" What do those persons who would wish to see
the Emperor turn against Italy call on him to do ?
They ask him to place himself out of the pale of all
the principles he represents and all the rules he
has laid down. They ask him to renounce the mo-
ral authority which he exercises for the welfare
and the peace of Europe. They wish him to con-
tradict himself, and, so to say, to change his nature.
But is that possible ? Can the Emperor forget that
he is the elect of universal suffrage, and the repre-
sentative on the throne of the ideas of the new
society and of all the progress of civilisation ! Can
he betray the origin of his name and of the mission
which he holds from the confidence of the French
people? His enemies desire it no doubt, but they
esteem him too much to hope for it. And to what
would such a defection serve ? To weaken the pres-
tige of the Emperor without advantage to any one.
"'here is one thing which the whole world now un-
derstam,..
1.
—even those who regret to see it—namely
::fluen.-ceofotfhtehebaSoavnecreeiogfnpoofwFerraanncde
that the great
is one of the element 4
of the security of Europe, . and, moreover, one of
can invoke in
the most precious resources slab
Treaty
of troubled situation of most States. e
of Villafranca responded to a high concept,...nn'
and it is deeply to be regretted that the
treaty has remained a dead letter ; but the
Sovereigns who signed it never had the pretension
to impose by force of arms the rights which were
reserved in it. That pretension would have been
irreconcilable with the situation which the treaty
was to consecrate. Austria lost at Solferino her
supremacy in Italy, and, except her sovereignty in
Venetia, retained nothing; but ought France to in-
herit the. very situation which she has wrested
from the House of Hapsburg ? Ought she to impose
her domination on Italy after having destroyed
that of Austria ? Ought her promises of enfran-
chisement to end in such a falsehood ? In fact,
we could not restore former Governments to aban-
don them on the morrow of their restoration to the
inevitable reaction of the national spirit. After
having restored them it would have been necessary
to protect them by a military occupation of their
capitals and fortresses. We, the liberatorsofthis
poople, should become its gaolers ! Rome, Bologna,
Perugia, Ancona, Florence, Parma,
Pa-slaves with a change
Pa-
lermo, Naples, condemned to live under
pro-
tection, they would be simply. Modena,
our
of masters.
" What would Italy have said, what would Eng-
land have said, what would all Europe have said ?
They would have looked upon Italy thus protected
as a French Italy. And for the advantage of whom

would the Emperor have turned his arms agaiast 1
his old ally, the King of Sardinia, and have placed
himself in flagrant disaccord with England ? For
the advantage of Governments which, accoTaing
us neither sympathies nor their confidence, have
no right to demand such sacrifices !

" The Emperor cannot and will not make sacri-
fices, except for a just cause, for Governments
which are not hateful to their own people and are

not the enemies of France.

" Thus, in every point of view, for the mainte-
nance of the legitimate influence of the Emperor
in Europe, for the maintenance of our good rela-

tion with the other Powers, for the truth of our
policy, for the very honour of France, such con-
duct is not possible.
" Was the other line of conduct less possible or
less dangerous ?
" Italy is passing through a great crisis of her
destiny, and is, in fact, in revolution. A revolu-
tionary situation has temporarily replaced for that
country the regular conditions of international
existence. Hence the profound perturbations, the
infractions of public law, the violent invasions, the
precipitate annexations which we have witnessed
Could France lend a hand to such wild movements !
At present, perhaps, we excite distrust, but if we
had encouraged Piedmont, instead of blaming her,
what would have happened ? We should neces-
sarily have had to break off with Russia, which has
just withdrawn her ambassador from Turin ; with
Prussia, which protests; with Austria, which feels
herself menaced. We should have inevitably
drifted into universal war. The fortune of France,
her labour, her industry—all that would have been
abandoned to the hazards of a gigantic conflict.
The Emperor would have changed his part and his
character ; instead of being the moderator of the
revolution, he would have become the leader of it ;
instead of being the pacificator of Europe, he
would be her terror ; instead of being the powerful
arbiter in questions of equilibrium, he would have lost
the very titles of his jurisdiction ; and, though elected
by 8,000,000 of suffrages and representing the na-
tional will, he would have become nothing more
than the instrument of a party.
"Neither of those two attitudes was in keeping
with the interests of our country, with the mission
of the Emperor, with the character of our institu-
tions, with the movement of new ideas which pre-
vail everywhere.
" France could no more assume the part of Austria
in Italy than she could serve the revolution ; she
could no more favour revolutionary annexations
than she could favour absolutist reactions. When
the Emperor called upon the Italians to be the sol-
diers of a great cause, so as to become the citizens
of a great country, he did not mean Piedmont only
but Italy.
" His sentiments, like his mission, have not
undergone any change; he still wishes to assure
the independence of the Peninsula without en-
couraging anarchy there. A recognised Sovereign
by the whole of Europe, he is not allowed to approve
the violation of international law. A Sovereign
elected by universal suffrage, he cannot make him-
self the support of Kings whose people forsake them.
" Finally, the intervention of France against
Piedmont would be a contradiction; the interven-
tion of Austria •in Italy would be an offensive
return towards a position she has irretrievably lost ;
complicity with Sardinia would be a defiance to
Europe and a compact with revolution.
" What then is to be done ? What line of con-
duct is to be followed ? Many objections have
been raised against the meeting of a Congress. A
Congress could only be impossible if an agreement
could not be established between the Powers called
upon to form it. Is that the case ?
" During the last year a very profound move-
ment has taken place in Europe, but it is not suffi-
ciently remarked. When the French Emperor, at
the beginning of 1859, pleaded the cause of Italy,
he had scarcely on his side the opinion of his own
country. But now everything is greatly changed.
England, which then demanded the inviolability
of the treaties of 1815, now favours Italian
unity ; Prussia, in a recent document ema-
nating from the distinguished statesman who
directs her foreign affairs, recognises in Ita-
lion nationality a happy presage for Germany;
Russia, under the influence of a liberal Sovereign,
also shows herself disposed to take into account a
new element in the life of nations; Austria herself
has an immense interest in escaping from the un-
certainties which weigh so heavily on her, and the
reforms she has just accorded prove that she is re-
solved to enter on a liberal course. As to France,
faithful to the interests which she has defended,
not being engaged to any one, she would in a
Congress derive advantage from the reserve with
which she is reproached and the moderation she
has known how to maintain. Better than any
other Power, perhaps, she would be able to
indicate the points of a compromise between
all divergencies. After having enfranchised Italy,
supported the Pope at Rome, blamed the invasion
of the Roman States and of the Two Sicilies, and
caused the principle of non-intervention to be re-
spected by respecting it herself, she cannot be sus-
pected either by Italy, or by the Papacy, or by
Europe. We have too much confidence in the wis-
dom of the Sovereigns who would be represented
in a congress not to be, convinced that they would
understand how much the spirit of compromise
constitutes the condition of the re-establishment of
order in the Peninsula. Italy, organised and power-
ful, 5s henceforth a European interest, and Europe,
in consecrating by an act of her high jurisdiction
that organisation, would prove herself both far-
seeing and just."

MUNIFICENT LIFEBOAT GIFTS TO

SCOTLAND.

A benevolent gentleman, resident in Edinburgh,
has just communicated io the National Lifeboat
Institution his intention to defray the cost, amount-
ing to upwards of £5OO, of a complete first-class
lifeboat station, including boat, stores, transporting
carriage, and boat-house. The station will, at his
request, he established on the Mull of Cantire, on
the west coast of Scotland, where some fearful ship-
wrecks, with loss of life, take place nearly every
winter—six wrecks having occurred in that neigh-
bourhood during the lest twelve months. Being
mounted on a transporting carriage the lifeboat can
easily be made available for all accessible points
round the peninsula. The donor stipulates that
the establishment shall hereafter be kept up in an
efficient state jointly by the National Lifeboat In-
stitution and the residents of the locality. A lady
resident at Lasswade Bank has also promised the
Lifeboat Institution to pay the costs (J 200) of a new
lifeboat, to be planted at Irvine, which is likew:se
situated on the west coast of Seot!aed. Last February
a frightful wreck of a French vessel, named the Suc-
cess, of Nantes, occurred on Irvine Bar, when every
one of her unfortunate crew perished from the want,
as it was believed, of an efficient lifeboat. The insti-
tution forwarded a day or two ago a new lifeboat a^d
transporting carriage to Thurso,on the extreme north
of Scotland. The costs of the boat is the munificent
gift of A. W. Jaffray, Esq., of St. Mildred's-court.
He also defrayed the cost of the St. Andrew's life-
boat, which, during the heavy gale of the 3d inst.,
rendered important services to several fishing boats
from Backhaven. Their crews have subsequently
^nt, with expressions of much gratitude, £3 to
40 defray the colt of the maintenance of the
help 6. r Jaffray has also, in conjunction
lifeboat. ,:‘/I paid the expense of the lifeboat
with his fathet,,nt abohu,twahmeroontahgaJn
Berwick, near Edinbu,o to North
which the society se- „
o,d
iebat
last winter from a
.o‘
of a benevo-
lent The insti-
five poor creatures peilsh:
f
w reek through the want cf a
tution has another lifeboat, the
lent lady,ready to be sent to Buckie, nn importantanare
fishing town on the north east of Scot.!,nd
which place, three or four years ago, 42 pot.'Y fish-
ermen perished, The institution has now ife-
boats at the following places on the Scotch coast •
—Ayrshire, Ayr ; Caithness-shire, Thurso ' • Banff-
shire, Buckie, Banff; Elginshire, Lossiemouth
Aberdeenshire. Fraserburgh ; Fi'eshire St. An-
drew's;Haddingtonshire, North Berwick.' is asingular circumstance that nearly
every one of
these boats is the
gift of Private
persons, who,
with one or two
exceptions, have no connexion
with Scotland. After a lifeboat is established in
a locality it is estimated that about £4O a year are
required to keep it iu an efficient state and ready
for instantaneous use. To enable, therefore, the
institution to accomplish and perpetuate its im-
portant and philanthropic objects, it earnestly so-
licits the pecuniary aid and the general co-opera-
tion of all humane
have the persons who can feel for, and
Power to aid, those whom it has pleased
Divine Providence to afflict by casting them help
lessly on our coasts. Contributions are received by
all the London bankers, and at the office of the
institution, 14, John.-street, Adelphi, W.C.

RAIL WAY BETWEEN GREENWICH
AND WOOLlvicif.

List ev. .ning a numerously at tended and in-
fluential m eeting was held at the Literary Institu-
tion, Roy: Ll-hill, Greenwich, for the' adoption of
measures t, ) promote the construction_ of a railway
direct frog 1 Greenwich to Woolwich, The chair
„,-as occapi:ecl by the Rev. Dr. Carlile, of Wool-
wich, w.ho commenced the proceedings by referring
e urWen t necessity which existed for c,c.nnect-
impo rtant towns of Greenwich and Wool-
tiong the v
fueat .a of a railway, which would not ex-
ceed ile: iin length. Although forming parts
o
ii :;h these towns were at present en.-
wtificreh
ly one twobdy ,
ri, ,
with respect to the means of tran-
sit, and it was t
terefore proposed to apply for ebtoarnohe
tl
Par-
liamentary pave.
"s to construct a line commencing
by
th the London and Greenwich
Railwa and tom.ti rnnating at a point near the
Charlton
he North Kent Railway. A
company had been foi y, a junction wi,
Station o
.med for this purpose, and the
meeting had been corn
rened to ascertain the views
of the inhabitants oft r ,
ho district upon the subject.
Mr. C. J. CARTTAR
feur oncr for West Kent) ob-
served that about twee av e months since a similar
,tle by the inhabitants of
,G.rs of the South-Eastern
had been nu.
Greenwich, and the direct
Railway Company appeare 't4, disposed to co-operate
I,:e required for the purpose of affording
%-npany decided to
accommo-
dation, but ultimately the c,
oppose the project, and its proeinoters, therefore,
abandoned it. If the new conli"anY could show
they were in earnest, and determi.n ed to persevere,
whether the South-Eastern oppose ‘d or not, they
would be well supported by the people . of Greenwich
and Woolwich.
Mr. BIRD, and other promoters of t-life company,
detailed the• proposed route, which 1 vould Pab..3
through Greenwich-park. The capital would be.
£200,000, to be' raised in £1 shares.
Mr. RUSSELI%, of Deptford, advocated the forma-.
tion of a line foam. the Thames Tunnel, el-rough-
Rotherhithe, D ep Vord, and Greenwich, toWoof with„
and was prepared to say, that an existing conip,v2T
was ready to pronwte such plan if supported by tLke)
inhabitants.
Mr. MEADE said the inhabitants of Greenwich
were determined too btain railway accommodation
with Woolwich, and he was prepared to take a
number of stiares, atm' support any company able
to carry out sti.,ch plan • They ought not to be
from the South-Eastern
deterred by oppot7ition
Company.
Mr. NOBLE suggested tt he propriety of adjourn-
ing the meeting in order to obtain more definite
information, and to consider the two projects sub-
mitted, as well as any other Flan of railway com-
munication between the two tot,"ns•
After some discussion the meeting was adjourned
for a week. _