The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-20 00:00:00

SOCIAL SCIENCE.

INAUGURAL MEETING OF THE LIVER-
POOL ASSOCIATION.
Yesterday (Friday) afternoon a meeting was held
at the Collegiate Institution, Liverpool, to inaugu-
rate the local association recently formed in con-
nection with the National Association for the Pro-
motion of Social Science. The chair was occupied
by Lord Brougham, and on the platform were Sir
J. K. Shuttleworth, the Bishop of Chester, the
Hon. A. Egerton, M.P., Sir John Bowring, G. W.
Hastings, Esq., Rev. J. S. Howson, principal of
the Collegiate Institution, Mr. Joseph Hubback,
Mr. Theodore Rathbone, Mr. William Brown, Mr.
Du Hamel, &c. There was a tolerably numerous
audience.
Lord BROUGHAM, on taking the chair, was
loudly cheered, He said,—lt has been thought fit
—and I have no right whatever to complain of it
—that I should preside over the first meeting of
this local association, though my excellent friend
and your fellow-townsman, Mr. William Brown,
is the president of that association—(applause)—
but, as it is formed in connection with the
National Association, of which I have the honour
to be president, it has been thought proper that
I should at present occupy this chair. It is wholly
unnecessary for me to describe to you the great
advantages which men have supposed, and I believe
justly supposed, to have flowed from the establish-
ment of that National Association. Its fourth con-
gress was lately held at Glasgow, and exceeded in
' success in all respects the threeprevious conferences
which had gone before. Its success, therefore, is now
undeniable, and it has also added one or two impor-
tant branches or sections to those w'aieh before
existed. I ought to mention one, because it has
been very grossly, though I have no doubt uninten-
tionally, misrepresented. I mean the international
section. Attacks have been made upon the congress
at Glasgow, which made that addition, and upon
the body at large, for having adopted a measure
for the purpose of encouraging political agitation
all over the world. The misrepresentation has been
effected by omitting two very important words from
the resolution which made the addition to that sec-
tion, the resolution being "that a section should be
established of commercial and international law."
They chose to leave out the two important words,
" commercial" and " law," allowing the word " in-
ternational" to stand naked and alone, and which
no doubt might have been liable to that construc-
tion, that we chose to be a generally agitating body
all over the world. Then it might come under the
word international, and it is very well they did not
charge us with having agitated a question of rob-
bery or of wholesale murder ; because as anything
might come under theword international, anything
they chose—as well a 9 commerce and law—we have
added these two words purposely ix order to avoid
the possibility of such a ridiculous misconception,
and for the purpose of showing that it was on sub •
jects of commerce and of law that the " internation-
ality" of the section turned. (Hear, hear, and
cheers.) I ought to mention that we have here
the presence—and it is naturally suggested to me
by the addition of this international section—of a
very learned and excellent person—Mr. Du Hamel
—(cheers)—Councillor of State of the Emperor of
Russia, member of the Academy of Sciences of St.
Petersburg, and who, I believe, would be as much
astonished as would be his Imperial master at our
establishing a section for the purpose of poli-
tical agitation all over the world ; because, though
the Russian empire has many very great and good
• qualities, and its Government deserves great praise,
infinite praise, for what it has lately done and is
still attempting—(applause)—yet I think there are
few parts of the world where political agitation
would be less acceptable, less welcome, than in the
capital of St. Petersburg—that is, general political
agitation. (Hear, hear.) But don't let me pass over
' the mention of the Emperor of Russia, and his
councillors, without once more, as I have lately
done, most heartily rendering my tribute of thanks
for the great measure which is now, not in agita-
tion or contemplation merely, but in progress of
execution—though under enormous difficulties it
cannot be denied—difficulties which enhance the
merit of the Emperor and his councillors the more
—I mean the great measure of emancipating the
millions of human beings who are at present in
serfdom in that country. (Loud cheers.) We did a
very great service to humanity, and did very great
honour to our name by the emancipation of our
slaves in the West Indian colonies, and by the enor-
mous price, though not too great for so great a good,
of 20 millions which we paid for that great measure.
(Cheers.) But the difficulties of the Emperor of
Russia in his case are still greater than those wit.
which we had to contend, and the numbers are in
calculably greater; for, according to the best ac•
count we have, there are no fewer than 22 millions
of serfs; in fact the whole labouring population of
the country are the property of the crown, not more
than 150,000 or 200,000 being private property.
Therefore it is impossible to make any reference to
I the subject of Mr. Du Hamel's presence here, and
in connection with the misrepresentation which I
felt bound to set right, without expressing what
1 all good and all free men feel upon the great
merits of the Russian Government in shutting
I their eyes to the enormous difficulties with which
they had to contend, and which make one
I almost dread that, until other changes and refea ms
have taken place in their Government system
and internal polity, they will find it hardly pos-
sible to complete this great and good work. (Ap-
plause.) Now, there was one topic upon which I
felt it my bounden duty to enlarge a good deal at
Glasgow, and which I have since once and again re-
ferred to since I came to Liverpool. I mean the
great change which has taken place all over this
country, and Scotland also, and I hope to live to see
the day when the change will extend to Ireland,
where it has only begun to work as yet—(loud
cheers)—the change of the abnegation of party feel-
ing, and the general disposition to devote ourselves
to the propagation of sound principles upon great
measures of social improvement, and to the encou-
ragement of Government, of Parliament, of parties,
and of all authorities in the country to undertake
and to perfect those measures of social improvement.
(Applause.) And I repeat what I said both at Glas-
gow and elsewhere against party principles and
party—(l won't give them a bad name, and there is
no occasion to say factions :—faction is the abuse of
party, but unhappily it is an abuse to which party
is so liable that it is very difficult to have the one
without the other)—l will say party connections,
party principles, and party grounds of combination
and opposition. Now it has been said that party
may produce very great good, and that the combi-
nation of men agreeing in opinions upon the same
principles, and the same grounds, may be produc-
tive not only of most harmless, but most useful
consequences. And I don't deny it ; because com-
bination adds strength and force to those who,
having the same opinions and actuated by the same
motives, desire to accomplish the same measures and
to give effect to their principles and embodiment to
their opinions. I don't deny it, but lam of opinion
also that there may be a temporary and occasional
combination, and that men may unite who have the
same opinions to act upon the same principles on
certain subjects without a general and universal
assent which implies a slavish submission, and
always has the efieet—at least as it has the tendency
it very often produces the effect—of subjecting the
many to the domination of the few. (Cheers.)
But upon measures of social science which pre-
tend to promote t'he improvement of mankind in
general, or of large bodies of mankind, why
may there not be a temporary, an occasional,
union, with all the benefits of party, by giv-
ing power, price, and effect to those so com-
bining, and without the evils which party has se
great a tendency to producer Now, just observe
how habit acts. It has been the gracious dispen-
sation of Providence in our nature to give great
force and effect to habit. It might have been other-
wise. Habit might have made things distasteful,
uneasy, and difficult, had not our Divine Creator
arranged that it always has the effect of making
things easy and comfortable, and of even subduing
the sense of pain. But it is also an undeniable fact,
that there may be a local, a temporal, and an occa-
sional habit which very frequently will continue for
a certain time, and afterwards, being no longer
required, the bountiful dispensation of Providence
is that the habit shall cease to produce the effect.

During the time that habit continues, it produces
all its good effects, which it would be useless and

might be mischievous that it should continue any
longer, and which our wise Dispenser, Disposer,
and Maker has so framed that after a certain time,
when the habit has done its work, it ceases to pro-
duce the impression. Now, I would have us, upon
this great social question,-though at a humble dis-
tance, reverently and anxiously to follow that wise
dispensation of Providence, and adopt temporary
and occasional habits and combinations to give all
the benefits of party union in the carrying forward
of great measures of social importance. (Cheers.)
I hope my right rev. friend (the Bishop of Exeter)
will excuse me for having for a moment trespassed
upon his province ; nevertheless, it came in my way
as so material an illustration of my argument that
I could not refrain from using it. There has lately
been a very important assembly in the neighbour-
ing town of Manchester, the National Assembly of
the Great Alliance for promoting temperance
amongst the people. (Loud applause.) I was un-
fortunately unable to attend, but I have had the
greatest satisfaction in hearing that it was a
most entire success—(cheers)--and that it suc-
ceeded beyond all previous meetings of the alliance.
(Renewed cheers.) It is absolutely incalculable
how great the benefit is which these measures of

he Temperance Alliance are tending to produce
—(cheers)—and I think that a most just time is
:aken at present of not endeavouring to do too
much, and to stretch the bow as it were until it
cracks; and that by limiting their consideration
not generally but in one department to the exami-
nation of what the consequence:may be o° a modi-
fied—not a teetotal—system, and how far that is
calculated to produce its ffect, I have no doubt
whatever that the best results will follow from this
inquiry. It is only a matter of inquiry with the
alliance, and only a matter for consideration, but I
have no doubt whatever that the most salutary re-
sults will follow from that limited inquiry; not
excluding the general inquiry. Heaven forbid !
Let that go on exactly as before ; but adding to it
this limited and occasional inquiry, and obtaining
thereby, I think, very important information.
(Cheers.) I will now call on several worthy friends,
members of this association, to move certain reso-
lu' ions. As this is the first meeting there will be
a choice of officers, and naturally, after that, it will
be fit that we should embody in resolutions certain
objects to confine the local association to. These
are generally speaking of local interest, and all
these inquiries carried on locally, and for the
benefit of a particular locality, will have the most
important results, not only for the benefit of that
locality, but in affording information to, and direct-
ing the inquiries of, the National Association.
(Loud cheers.)
The Lord Bishop of CHESTER proposed the first
resolution relative to the appointment of a council,
of which Mr. W. Brown is to be the president. His
lordship said he thought that the appointment of
Mr. IVY. Brown was a most appropriate sequel to
the exciting and interesting sequel of the previous
day, and he had no doubt but that Mr. Brown,
whose noble gift was an evidence of his wish to
ameliorate the condition of the peop'e, would use
his talents and generous mind in every department
of social improvement.
The resolution was seconded by Mr. HASTINGS,
who alluded in glowing terms to the success of the
National Association for the Promotion of Social
Science. Tnough the association did not profess
to be workers, still their labours on the questions
of quarantine, trades unions, and international
general average, were a sufficient answer to the
criticisms so freely lavished upon their proceedings.
He thought there were many questions which could
be well studied in Liverpool, and he might mention
the position of Irish emigrants in this country, and
the employment of women in our different indus-
trial pursuits, as subjects which could be well in-
vestigated in a large town like Liverpool.
Mr. W. BROWN, who was loudly cheered, said
that to the best of his ability he would be happy to
act as president, Mr. Hubback and Mr. P. Rath-
bone having offered to undertake the laborious
duties.
The Hon. A. EGERTON proposed a resolution
relative to the advisability of engaging the support
of the female members of the community in con-
nexion with the social improvement of the people,
and the employment and education of women.
The resolution was seconded by the Rev. J. S. How-
SON, who dwelt at length upon the advantages which
would accrue from the practical efforts of women
in visiting the homes of the poor, and using efforts
to improve and ameliorate the condition of their in-
mates, who often look upon male visitors with dis-
trust, and even dislike. Women alone, he argued,
can elevate the homes of the working classes, and
thus ameliorate the condition of those avho reside
in them, and he considered that the machinery of
their association offered a most favourable opportu-
nity for the women of Liverpool to aid and improve
, their poorer neighbours.
Sir J. K. SuUTTLEWORTH, in proposing a resolu-
tion calling on the working classes to assist the as-
sociation, spoke at considerable length on the great
moral and physical improvement which had taken
place of late years in Lancashire and Yorkshire,
and argued Nat working men could be of the
greatest benefit to their country by meeting capi-
talists and employers and calmly discussing the
great problems of the organisation of labour.
The resolution was seconded by Mr. W. RATH-
BONE, and energetically supported by Mr. D.
GUILE, a working man, who said that a f:ank meet-
ing between worklng men and gentlemen would
soon do away with jealousies and false impressions.
Sir JOHN BOWRING alluded to the beneficial
working of the Conseits des Prudhommes in France
and the Courts of Conciliation in Denmark as
proofs of what might be effected by a good under-
standing between employers and employed, and
detailed the great social improvements which had
taken place in Coventry and elsewhere since 1832.
Ile also advocated the employment of women in
watchmaking, wood engraving, and other trades.

AN' ENGLISHMAN ARRESTED IN

AUSTRIA.

During the course of the last month an English
barrister, who had been making a tour through
Bavatia, Austria, and the Tyrol, accompanied by
his wife, and who had occupied himself in sketch-
ing some of the objects of interest which he met
with, while staying at Nanders, in the Tyrol, pro-
ceeded to take views of the grand and magnificent
scenery afforded by the Finstermunz pass. While
so occupied, some of tho soldiers who were stationed
at the strong fort at the entrance to the pass came
and entered into conversation with him, remarking
on the sublimity of the prospect. He showed
them his sketch book, which contained, among other
things, drawings of the torture-chamber at Salzburg,
and of the rack and other instruments of torture
there and at ltatisbon, as well as views of Passau
and Linz on the Danube, and of the picturesque
castle of Salzburg, One of the soldiers requested
to be allowed to look a second time at particular
sketches, but made no remark. As the English-
man was proceeding to walk back to Nanders he
was met by a detachment of soldiers from the fort,
who told him he must go back with them, which,
alter some slight resistance, he consented to do.
On approaching the fort one of the sergeants of the
regiment came out, and walked close by our tra-
veller's side, and a further detachment of soldiers
joined them, and the Englishman was conveyed
into the interior of the fort. After being detained
for some time in a dismal chamber, not very dis-
similar to one of these of which he had contrived
to make a sketch, he was formally brought into the
august presence of the commanding officer of the
fort, and the sergeant proceeded to state that he
had been discovered making sketches in the vicinity
of that stronghold ; and that, among other suspici-
ous circumstances against him, he had actually in
his possession sketches of several of the fortifica-
tions, as well as of the interior of a curtain strong-
hold. The traveller at once explained that he was
on a tour of pleasure, and that he had been making
the sketches solely for his amusement, and produced
his passport, which was one from the Foreign.
office, duly vied by the Austrian authorities. The
commanding officer minutely examined, one by
one, all the sketches in the traveller's book, as
also the various letters and papers which Le had
about him ; hut, although he appeared to regard
every article with the greatest suspicion, inas-
much as he discovered nothing whatever amount-
ing either to instructions to pry into the condi-
tion of Austrian strongholds or to attempt to assas-
sinate Austrian officers, or any document bearing
the signature of Garibaldi, he at length, notwith-
standing the indignant declamat-7on of the gallant
sergeant, ordered the Englishman to be set at
liberty, telling him, however, that he could not be
allowed to make any more sketches, even of the
rocks in the Finstermunz Pass. Our traveller was
therefore permitted to return to his inn, suffering
no other inconvenience beyond this temporary
abridgement of his liberty than the spoiling of an
excellent dinner prepared by the good hostess of the
hotel at Nanders, and the alarm caused to his wife
and friends by his prolonged absence after dark.

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THE NOTTINGHAM FORGERIES.

THURSDAY, OCT. 18.
The examination of Mr. Sohn Davis, traveller in
the employ of White Brothers, lace and hosiery
manufacturers, Nottingham, took place this morn-,
ing before Mr. Alderman Vickers and the borough
magistrates, at the police-office.
The charge against the prisoner was that of his
being implicated in the forgeries of his late em-
ployers, Mr. Robert White and Brothers, the firm.
being concerned in some of the extensive forgeries
which have recently come to light.
Mr. Cowley, solicitor, appeared for the prosecu-
tion • the prisoner was undefended.
The first witness examined was Mr. Chief Con-
stable Hadington, who said that in consequence of
information he received he went to London on
Wednesday last, and found the prisoner at 36, Tot-
tenham-court-road, passing under the name of John
Dyson. The chief constable told the prisoner h:s
name, and informed him that he should apprehend
him on the charge of forging a great number of ac-
ceptances. Prisoner replied that he had not forged
acceptances, but that he had been acting under the
direction of his employer (Mr. Robert White) to
get persons' names signed in different parts of the
country which he paf,sed through. Witness then
asked prisoner for the keys of his portmanteau,
which he searched, and found a number of letters
which were of great importance, inasmuch as
they contained instructions to the prisoner from
White for the manner in which Davis was to
get the bills accepted. The prisoner's instruc-
tions were that he should get the bills signed
by any persons he might meet with. 'Witness
then questioned the prisoner as to the bll of
Green s, of Dudley, which Robert White was charged
with forging (and whose examination appeared in
The 4.'un of Saturday last), He replied that the
name of " Green" was written by some person a
stranger to him, but he did not recollect at what
place the signature was obtained. Prisoner stated
that he should not have gone out of the way if he
had not been persuaded to do so by his employer,
Mr. Robert White, who told him that by keeping
out of the way a little while all would be right. Pri-
soner stated to witness that he sent blank stamps to
his employer with the names of the acceptors writ-
ten on, but Mr. White filled up the dates, amount
of money drawn for, and the name of the town.
Witness produced also some other very important
letters bearing upon the forgeries.
In answer to a question from the Bench, the pri-
soner stated that he knew Joseph Green, of Dudley,
but the business he had transacted with him was all
for money, and no bills.
Mr. Cowley said that, as the prisoner's employer
would be brought up for his re-examination the
next day (Friday), it would perhaps be convenient
to remand the prisoner until that time.
The Beoch intimated that it would be the best
course to adopt, and remanded the prisoner until
that period, and he was immediately removed to the
House of Correction.
Great interest was excited in the court, as the
capture and future examination of Davis will bring
to light many very important transactions connected
with bill forging in Nottingham. .

OCT. 19.

This morning Mr. Robert White, of the firm
of White Brothers, lace manufacturers, was
brought up before the Mayor and borough
magistrates at the police-court, on remand from
the previous Friday, charged withuttering a forged
bill of exchange for £22 upon Mr. Joseph Green,
draper, Dudley, Staffordshire. From the fact of the
prisoner and his brothers having had extensive
trade transactions in the town, and being also im-
plicated in other forgeries, the court was crowded,
many manufacturers being present.
Mr. Cowley, jun., appeared for the prosecution,
and Mr. Cann for the prisoner.

John Davis, traveller in the employ of the pri-
soner, Robert White, was also brought up on re-
mand from the day preceding, charged with being
concerned in forging bills of exchange along with
his employer.
Mr. Coope defended the prisoner Davis.
The Mayor said that Davis was charged with
forging acceptances to bills of exchange, and that
the prisoner White was brought up on remand on
the charge of forgery.
Mr. Chief Constable Hadicgton proved the ap-
prehension of White at Plymouth. Witness charged
him with uttering a forged bill or exchange for
£22. Prisoner said it was a mistake, as he had
taken all b'lls in a regular way through his tra-
veller. When witness captured him on board the
Cambria he asked the prisoner for his luggage.
Prisoner told him that it was in the chief officer's
cabin. Witness found a box there with no address
upon it. It contained clothing and papers.
By Mr. Cann—Prisoner gave witness no instruc-
tions about the property at the shipping office, but
that found on board the vessel.

By Mr. Cowley—Witnecis apprehended Davis on
Wednesday evening at No. 36, Tottenham-court-
road, London. Witness charged Davis with
forging bil!s, and the latter answered that he
had not done so, but that he had only acted in
accordance with instructions from Mr. White. He
had obtained names on blank bill stamps, signed by
different persons, and he had documents by him
which would show this was the case. Prisoner,
being requested to open his portmanteau, took out
a bundle of letters, five of which had reference
to the forgeries, which witness now produced, and
were as follows: