The Sun.
London, England, 1860-04-06 00:00:00

PARAGUAY A:AD RIVER PLATE.

We learn from the American journals that the
official presentation of Senor Berges, the Para-
guayan envoy and commissioner, to the President
of the United States, took place at Washington on
the Bth ult., the ratifications of the treaty of com-
merce and navigation, and of the special convention
for the settlement of the late dispute between
the two countries, having been exchanged on the
7th. President Buchanau'a reception of the Para-
guayan envoy was marked by the utmost cordiality,
and he took occasion, in replying to the address of
Senor Berges, to pay a merited tribute of praise
to the course pursued by President Lopez as a
statesman, and his efforts as a patriot to deve-
lope the resources of his country and the prosperity
of its people. The Trashinyton 'Constitution of
March Bth anticipated the sentiments of the Ame-
rican President, and, in calling attention to the
important service rendered to commerce by the suc-
cessful mediation of General Lopez between Buenos
Ayres and the Argentine Confederation, laments
the late aggression of the British naval forces in
the-, Plate against the flag of Paraguay, by which
the,peace and progress of the Piatine region have
again been placed in jeopardy. The unfortunate
difference between Great Britain and Paraguay
which has arisen out of the affair of Canstatt is the
more regretted on account of the tendencies to-
wards peace and industry which have grown up
under the auspices of Presidents Lopez and Ur-
quiza, and of which evidence has been afforded by
the non-commission, during the late hostilities be-
tween Buenos Ayres and the Argentine Confedera-
tion, of any of those acts of rapine and bloodshed
hitherto too frequent in the intestine quarrels of the
Spanish-American republics. " This peaceful is-
sue," says the Constitution, " by contrast with the
butcheries which disgraced the siege of Monte
Video by Oribe, and which followed the overthrow
of Ko3as, may surprise the cursory reader of
South American news. But to one familiar with
the recent history of the River Plate this his-
torical puzzle is easy of solution. Since the
opening by Urquiza of the rivers Parana
and Uruguay to the vessels of all nations,
commerce holds sway over those vast and fertile
regions so long the hunting grounds of the Indians.
New towns have sprung up on the banks of the
southern Mississippi. Every branch of industry is
being cultivated with energy. Unparalleled induce-
ments are held out to emigration. Men are scarce,
and human life, long 80 valueless, is now above par.
Wages are high, and, as there seems to be no limit
to the productiveness of that immense region, we
can see no reason for their diminution until a teem-
ing population shall cover the million of square
miles between the Atlantic and the Andes, which
the late Sir F. Head recomtnended as a consolation
to the despairing disciples of Malthus. When our
squadron was at Rosario this time last year, labourers
were in request at 30 silver dollars a month, with
board and lodging, and mechanics at proportion-
ately higher rates." What Urquiza has done for
the River Plate, President Lopez has done, and is
doing, for Paraguay; and hence the interest felt in
the United States in the foreign relations of the
sister republic, and the desirability of making the
amicable arrangement of the difficulties between
them a precedent for the adjustment of the differ-
ences between this country and Paraguay in like
manner.—Liverpool Albion.

THE GRAND DUKE CHARLES OF
1?-1.DE

In an amusing article, by M. Edouard Simon,
published in the Revue ( oxtemporaine, on M. Yarn-
hagen Von Ense's " Recollections," the following
strange but authentic anecdote is related'of the
Grand Duke Charles, the husband of the Grand
Duchess Stephanie of Baden :—After his death, the
settlement of the liabilities of the old civil list
brought a strange infirmity of the late Prince to
light. " At the palace of Carlsruhe," says the arti-
cle, " a whole series of apartments was found, which
the late Grand Duke had successively locked up,
and which nobody had entered since. It had long
been an old mania of his to lay by everything he
received, no matter what, and no matter from whom.
No one was ever allowed to touch these things; the
Grand Duke himself abstained from tieing so, with-
out ever taking the slightest notice of any applica-
tionlor restitution. As soon as a room was sufficiently
full-he would lock it up, taking out the key, and be-1
gin the same ceremony with another. When, after
his
efilled with an
mysterious rooms were opened, they
were death,
fou d theseto
found numerable quan-
tity of precious things, costumes, all kinds of, trum-
b
pery, down to children's playthings, recollections of
childhood, and which the Prince had never used.
Here a quantity of rouleaux of silver, labelled,
Captain's pay for" H.H. 'Prince Charles," and a
vast lot of 20 kreutzer pietes (70 cents.), carefully
wrapped up; there, drawers filled with rouleaux
of gold; then snuff-boxes of the greatest value,
rings, and other jewels, to the amount of more than
a million in value. These treasures had lain dor-
mant there for many years, and yet, a short time
before his death, the Grand Duke had often been
pinched for money, which he could not get at a
lower rate than 16 per cent. ! Then there were
books, cards, petitions, papers of all kinds which
were brought to light with the treasures; an im-
mense quantity of sealed letters, despatches which
had been looked for in vain, and then thought to
be lost ; precious documents, the want of which
had prevented the settlement of important affairs,
and serious endangered legitimate interests. Lastly,
there were pieces of art, rich arms, offered for sale
to the Prince a long time before, and which were
found pell-mell with embroidered court dresses,
masquerading costumes, and laced hats, In many
cases it was impossible to find out the owners of
some of these articles; and then, again, things
which had been paid for by the civil list, and never
had made their appearance, were found here."

We regret to state that Chevill, who, it will be
remembered received a severe blow on the head from
a stone, died from the effects of his injuries about
10 o'clock on Monday night. He was about sixty
years of age, and had been twice married. James
Rous, another of the men reported as hurt, has, it
appears, been more seriously injured than we were
at first led to suppose. He has been very severely
cut about the face, and had some of his front teeth
knocked out and his tongue split, but he is in a fair
way of recovery. The engineman Younger was also
stated to be doing well, but the woman Tennant
was still considered to be in a very precarious con-
dition. In addition to the persons formerly men-
tioned as injured, we learn that a hewer, named J.
Carr, was struck by a stone while standing on the
pit heap, and very severely hurt.
When the engines were stopped by the accident,
there were about 165 men and boys in the pit, and
it was of course a matter of some difficulty to get
them out. In the course of an hour, however, an
apparatus was improvised at the air shaft, about a
mile and a half to the north of the main shaft, and by
two in the afternoon the whole were extricated. The
efforts of the workmen are now vigorously directed
to the replacing of the boilers ; and it is expected
the pumping apparatus will be got to work in a day
or two, while the general work of the pit will pro-
bably be resumed in the course of the week.
The inquest on the bodies of the deceased was
commenced on Tuesday by Mr. Coroner Reed, at the
sign of the Board Inn, Seaton Barn. Mr. Crone,
the colliery viewer, was present during a portion of
the proceedings.
Robert Wight said—l live at Seaton Burn Col-
liery, where I am chief engine-Wright.;l have
charge and superintendence of the engines and the
boilers. The boiler that exploded was the fourth
from the south side. It had two safety valves, be-
sides one common float and one whistle alarm float.
I should say it would have been safe to have worked
this boiler at a pressure of 451 b to the square inch.
The boiler was fitted with Scheffer's steam gauge.
I cannot tell the pressure that burst the boiler. She
works at 351 b to the square inch. About eight
months ago this boiler underwent some repairs,
hen a small plate was put in. The boiler plates
are in. thick. The boiler has been in use about 16
years. About nine years ago it was injured by an
explosion, and I think about one-third of it was then
made new, the whole boiler being cut to pieces and
rebuilt. I have examined the plates of the exploded
boiler, and in my opinion they have been heated to
a blue red. The engineman has charge of the boilers
and he and the fireman work for 12 hours. Yester-
dry morning the engineman, Wilkinson Younger,
went to work at 4 o'clock, and the fireman, John
Turner, at five. The engine and boilers were under
the charge of Younger at the time of the explosion.
The alarm will whistle when the water has fallen
to two inches above the top of the flue,which would
indicate a want of water. It is possible the alarm
whistles might get out of order. I have known them
partially
stopped, but never altogether. It is the
engineman's duty to see the whistles and floats are
in proper order. The engineman will have had care
of that boiler for eight years. The fireman, Turner,
has been employed about six months. I wish to ex-
plain at the time of the explosion the safety valves
were loaded at 351 b. I have seen the safety-valve
lever, and the weight is attached at 351 b. The in-
dex explaining the amount of pressure is the same
on each boiler, and I find on examining the other
boilers that it shows 351 b.

The coroner said they must have the engineman
examined. He proposed to adjourn the inquest
till,Tuesday next, April 10, at one o'clock.

CRIME IN FRANCE.

The Court of Assizes of the Bas• Rhin three days
ago tried a married woman named Liaumesser, of
Elseheim, for the murder of her daughter. This
woman, who possessed a detestable reputation in
the village from the impiety and obscenity of her
language, and from the violence of her character,
took an intense antipathy to one of her two daugh-
ters, Jeannette, aged 21 years, and frequently ill-
treated her in the most shameful way, and often
threatened to murder her. On tke 2d December
last the poor young female, who was at home with
her mother, was heard by the neighbours to cry
loudly for help from an up-stairs room, and the
neighbours afterwards heard a noise similar to that
which would have been occasioned by heating the
head of a person against a wall. One of the neigh-
bours sent her son, a boy of thirteen, to threaten
the woman, that if she did not cease ill-treating her
daughter, she would send for the police; but the
woman in a furious rage turned the boy out of the
house, and fastened the door. He, however, looked
through the keyhole and saw her take up a large
knife and rush on her daughter; at the same mo-
ment he heard the latter cry " Eioly Virgin ! pro-
tect me !" and then he heard a strange noise, which
he compared to that which would have been caused
by a calf having its throat cut. All at once the
noise ceased, but the woman was heard for some
time after moving to and fro in her house as if '
busily engaged in some unusual operation; and
after a while she was seen to go into the yard to
wash some articles stained with blood. The neigh-
bours, after some hesitation, sent for her husband,
who was at work in the village ; and the woman, in
answer to his inquiries as to where Jeannette was,
said that she had had to correct her for some fault,
and that she had gone away, but would no doubt
soon return. The man was satisfied, and observing
nothing unusual in the housereturnedi• work. Two
days, however, passed away, and nothing was seen of
the girl. The gendarmes were then informed by the
neigbours of what had taken place, and they went
to the woman's house, to arrest her; but having
heard that she had been denounced she took to
flight across the fields. She was, however, pursued
and taken into custody. About the time of her
capture a horrible discovery was made; a dog turned
up from a hole near a windmill at some distance
from the village some fragments of flesh, and on the
hole being examined there were, horrible to relate,
found iu it breasts, part of a trunk,' the legs, and
the intestines of a young female, also the fragments
of a skull—the feet and hands had disappeared,
probably from having been devoured by wild ani-
mals. The woman, hearing of this discovery,
related with revolting coolness that the remains in
question were those of her daughter, whom she had
murdered and dismembered ; and she detailed with
great minuteness the horrible operations ! Among
other things, she stated that after the murder she
had smashed the skull of her daughter to extract
the brain, and had burned the brain in the fire !
The jury declared her guilty, and the court con-
demned her to death.

TEE BODYGUARD OF THE EMPEROR

OF MOROCCO.

These famous black Cavaliers in a charge at first
advance slowly in a single line, then canter, and
then gallop, spurring on the horse to its last gasp,
meantime standing up erect on their shovel-stir-
rups, and turning from one side to the other.
Looking round with an air of defiance, they fire off
their matchlocks, and throw themselves into various
dexterous attitudes, sometimes letting fall the
bridle. The pieces being discharged, the horses
instantaneously stop. The most difficult lesson a
barb learns is to halt suddenly in mid-career of a
full gallop. To discharge his matchlock, standing
on the stirrups, while the horse is in full gallop, is
the great lesson of perfection of the Maroquine sol-
diery. These cavaliers are sometime*called Spahis.
They are composed of Moors, Arabs, Berbers, and
all the native races in Morocco. They are usually
plainly dressed ; but, beneath the bournouse, many
richlyr; twl i
while
caparisoned Moorish
others
t hi embroidered ruwopieedarerbr e
harness,
aui
rtnn theet hsse,
so
oneme ofof the
garmentand g
anett
Ft
ne
ei r skin.harness
S
oifiwrliforcosrhtits.hke..enesesmtad
nsaitlnreNy•edelsilk
I'
luxuries of North Africa,' and is still much used
even in Tunis and Tripoli, where the new system
of European military dress and tactics has been in-
troduced.

The defeat of the late Emperor's eldest son, Sidi
Mohammed, at the battle of Isly, where he com-
manded many thousand of these cavaliers, has
thrown a shade over the ancient celebrity of Moor-
ish horsemen. On that fatal day, however, none of
the black body guard of the Emperor were brought
into action.

-•---
In a country like Morocco, of widely distinct
races and hostile tribes, all naturally detesting each
other, the Emperor finds in them his only safety, and
this bodyguard places before us the character of the
negro in a very favourable light. He is at once
brave and faithful, the two essential ingredients in
the formation and development of heroic natures.—
Daily Director and Entr'acte.

LARKS FOR EPlculEs,—My wife wonaered how
many of our beloved little larks would be devoured in Lon-
don alone in the course of this month. " Larks ?" Yes ;
our poor little musical larks are caught and boned and made
into dumplings, or stewed by dozens, by hundreds, and by
thousands—not every year, but from time to time, when
the fancy comes up again.—Once a Week.

The Concordat which it pleased the Grand Ducal
Government of Baden to conclude with the Pope,
has been rejected by the Representative Chamber
of that State. In the present sleepy phase of Ger-
man politics this is a startling fact. We have been
hearing for many months of the great things that
Prussia was about to do, and the important resolves
that the Frankfort Diet was about to make. But
they have all come to nothing. Prussia, for ex-
ample, was to make use of its influence in the Diet
to order the Elector of Hesse Cassel to reinstate his
subjects in the benefits of the constitution which
he had illegally suppressed. The' Diet would do
nothing of the kind ; and Prussia through its Pleni-
potentiary, M. Usedom, has turned round to tell the
Diet that it has no authority at all to meddle with
Hesse Cassel or with the internal affair of any
State. Prussia has thus tried two directly opposite
ways of restoring constitutional government to the
Hessians, and it has failed in both.
Let us hope that the Prussian Government will
deal more successfully with the Baden question,
which has now been brought forward. It was while
Austria was still in the fulness of its prestige and
power, that the minister of Baden thought fit to
imitate the Imperial Court of Vienna in handing
over not only its Catholic clergy, but its colleges
and universities to Rome. Such a Concordat was
bad enough in Austria, but in the Duchy of Baden,
the population of which is more than half Protes-
tant, it was monstrous to make over to the Pope,or
his vicegerent Archbishop, a control over the entire
education and universities of the country. The
Concordat ruled that in any establishment where
there were Roman Catholic students the Arch-
bishop might intervene to regulate the course of
study. Under such an agreement the Papal pre.
late was-not only master of the University of Frei-
burg ; but by sending a dozen lambs of his flock to
Heidelberg, he might interfere to disturb the entire
teaching of that great seat of learning in which
Paulus and Schleiermacher flourished.
The chief motive too with the Baden Govern-
ment for this wanton reaction against Protestant
freedom has vanished. The agreement was con-
cluded, as a kind of homage to Austria, and a ral.
lying to the imperial wisdom of Francis Joseph.
Francis Joseph's wisdom, however, is now at as
great a discount as Austrian metallics. And the
lesser German Princes can expect trifling support
from a monarch who ha's proved unable to keep his
own relatives upon the ducal thrones of Italy.
caFrocit.odi
onanit,,o
abt
nhs tedi awaccdye,inlki oi‘nSiovi ewnsiientrgt,,yat nhh dea
stohcpel
puionnsgei
ieot
nol o vi;
ttesNOvcfo
uornled.-
meet with in the Chambers, it announced as a con-
stitutional doctrine that the Sovereign might make
whatever treaties he pleased with the Pope, with-
out need of the sanction or fear of the opposition of
either the representative or hereditary Chamber.
By the last account from Carlsruhe the Baden
House of Commons has declared the Concordat
invalid by 45 votes against 15 ; and little doubt is
entertained that a similar vote will pass the Upper
Chamber. From what is known of the political
temper and tendencies of the Grand Duke of Baden

it is not thought that he will go the length of
supporting unpopular Ministers against the decla-
ration of tb country, especially for such a broken
reed as the Austrian alliance has proved itself to
be. In that case he will act like a constitutional
Prince, dismiss his present Minister, and call to
power those eminent and able men who have led
the opposition against the Concordat. The prin-
cipal of these is the Baron Von Roggenbach, con-
sidered to be as Prussian in his leanings as those
whom he has defeated are Austrian. And it is
thought certain that, on obtaining power, he will
take very important steps towards awarding Prus-
sia that lead in the military and diplomatic admi•
nistration and affairs of Germany which can alone
give weight and unity to the Confederation.
It will be at once seen, from the votes of the
Frankfort Diet in the matter of Hesse Cassel, that
far from lending itself to any such combination,
the Diet will, on the contrary, oppose it to the
utmost. The attitude assumed by M. Von Usedom
at Frankfort on this- very mattcr of Hesse Cassel
shows that Prussia, wearied of the inutility of
combating Austrian influence within the Diet, has
resolved to take its stand without that assembly,
independent of it, and even against it. The new
question respecting Baden will afford further op-
portunity for the development of such a policy,
while leading directly to a reform, or at least to a
disruption of the Diet.

The fatuity and perverseness shown by Austria
in this question is lamentable, as it is marvellous.
One would have thought that the misfortune of that
Court would at least have taught it the necessity
of seeking friends and aliies at home. But its de-
feats at Magenta and Solferino, instead of rendering
Austria more conciliatory or more amicable to
Prussia, have, on the contrary, added acerbity to
its hatred and narrowness to its rivalry. It is plain
to every observer that since ♦ustria alone has proved
unable to cope with the armies of France, the neces-
sity of union in Germany is greater than ever.
Austria, however, will not hear of a united Ger-
many, unless it is to be permitted to secure for itself
the exclusive lead. To this it has less pretence than
ever. Without admitting Prussia to a fair share
of influence, Austria cannot unite that country in
resistance to France. And the result of this jea-
lousy at Vienna is that too many of the smaller
Powers and Princes, despairing of support either
at Berlin or Vienna, turn their views to Paris, and
listen to projects for the reconstruction of the old
Confederation of the Rhine.

The present safety and the future peace of Eu-
rope might be secured if wise counsels could be
made to prevail at Vienna. But that appears every
day more hopeless. And it is impossible to imagine
modes better devised for nullifying Germany, fling-
ing Austria into rebellion and Europe into anarchy
and war, than those pursued by Count Rechberg
and his master. The Prince of Prussia and his
ministers do not want prudence or wisdom, but
they want power. Prussia requires a Frederic 11.
to enable it to take a strong initiative. Whereas
Austria, with even a moderate degree of wisdom,
might do much to consolidate both herself and
Europe.—Daily News.