The Sun.
London, England, 1856-02-04 00:00:00

ISLE OF WIGHT STEAM B23IDGE.

A public meeting was convened at the Town-hall,
Ryde, on Tuesday last, for the purpose of discmseing the
and,
in the, and Simpson, vi ho are
onerta iff ;and
Messrs. Bendel and Fulton, the engineers, d
merits of the proposed steam bridge. The obj acts were
lucidly explained to the meeting by Messrs. Ylothings
y
direc t Webster,!rs: Barrow,ando
lc D
Locally
interested
eers, attended to
give an explanation of the engineering details car the
project ; and as it is somewhat of novel charactet• it
may net be unininteresting to state the prineye • I
features.
It is intended to make a short extension railway fro va
Gosport to Stokes Bay, off L•inglesea, where a pier, similaY
to the Liverpool Floating Landing Stage, will run out into'
sufficiently deep water to accommodate steamers at all
times of tide, and will supersede the present necessity of
a change of dtnveyance between the Gosport and Ports-
mouth Railway Stations and the steam-boats. Between
this pier and the Ryde side, a floating bridge will tra-
verse a distance of three miles (instead of the present
route between Gosport and Ryde of five-and-a-half miles)
in about twenty minutes, at half-hour interval', with
passengers, goods, and cattle, and with the greatest
regularity, so as to work in with the London train', and
thereby reducing the time of the journey between Lou.
don and Ryde to three hours, instead ot; as at present,
from four-and-half to five hours. Such facilities will be
given as will erable horses and carts, or carriages, to
drive on and off the floating-bridge by a moveable stage,
which will land or embark them with great ease and
comfort at all times of tide, at the Ryde Esplanade.
The steadiness of the bridge is such, that horses and
etrriaees can be conveyed with the least possible risk or
inconvenience. As this will ever be the principal rout•
to and from the island, it is said the traffic will be very
andit has been credibly stated that the pre-
sent Ryde Pier p
great, as
a 5., in dividends and bonuses 15 per
cent., there can be but little doubt that the project
would give a handsome return upon •20,000/., this
being the proposed amount of capital. It is also pro-
posed to establish ri
line of steamers between Stokes
Bay Pier and Home, by which the journey between
London and Havre can he made in two hours less than
by the present route, and also will shorten the sea pas•
sage by 18 miles, and save the inconvenience and ex-
pense of a change of conveyitiere for passengers and
luggage between the Southampton station and the
steamers. It would also be a convenient calling place
for the steamers running between New York and Bre
men.
A series of resolutions were proposed, and unani-
mously adopted, in favour of the Stokes Bay Railway
Pier and Isle of Wight Steam Bridge, and a committee,
consisting of inhabitants of the t own, was appointed, to
co-operate with the directors carrying out these
, undertaking. •

_:
•
,
.
~
.. _
Tll X 1 iltr X id 0141/ 0 Fir IV OIV Oft 'it ElnitillNG FE.fillUAitY 4 1860.
$ $ $
Secsotrid
._ .
. _
. .
. - . --
vessel with a supply of salt meat, before that which,had i the Leepector•General, and had been especially pointed out • cenies of the winter navigation and the delays caused. by ; vvill begin to fall off after the month of October, unless straw. prior to that date. There appears always to have
.
THE BRITISH ARMY IN THE CRIMEA.
been obtained from the navy was issued, relieved the Corn- in those Which he transmitted to the Adjutant-General for the use of Balaklava as the por of the army.
'
, arrangements are made by the Commissariat to have them been enough of barley in store or in the harbour, though Country Markets. .
--___.___ missary-General from the anxiety which he had previously the months of November and. December. In these he anti. “ All of these circumstances, doubtless, increased the I properly fed and kept in condition. Such arrangements, there was occasionally much difficulty in getting at it,
Totaril -.-....aa--__
cipates the speedy arrival of a supply that would admit of difficulty of bringing forward a sufficient number of cattle; instead of increasing the cost of the meat, would, probably, owing to the crowded state of the shipping, and it was at , '
felt upon that subject. .
.A.DuaDI.NGTON CORN MARKET-Fn. 1' •
oet°
We publish this day the first report of Sir John IWNeill
" SHORT RATIONS. the issue generally to the troops of what they so much but, looking to the ameent of sea transport at his command produce a considerable saving ; for the oxen, if SO attended all times difficult to find conveyance for it to any consider. 1 -
ciedi,
Dc rensr
ihnagv
tehbeegerne
aetstsacbalri
cs hi
teyd
0.
and Colonel Tulloch, the commissioners sent out last e The evidence of the commanding officers and quarter- needed. Yet from the 10th of December, the limejuice after the 11th of December, when the sailing horse-trans- to, would yield nearly double the quantity, and of better able distance. The ha and straw began to fail about the ' Fir wrceete. BAILEY OATS. ,9,
year by Lord Panmure to inquire into the state of the
masters showed what indeed was admitted by the Commis" brought hy the Esir was lying in the commissariat stores at ports were placed at his disposal, for another purpose to quality. eVe anticipate no difficulty in maintaining, or, 14th of November, afteyr the gale in which so many vessels ;
71s 8d 37s 8d 29s s‘i .4?
army in the Crimea. sariat, that en several occasions, especially in the month Balaklava, and none of it was issued till the first week in which they were not applied, and could haeo been made if necessary, in largely increasing, the supplies of cattle, wore.lost off the coast ; prior to that date no serious defi- Third
i a g
mr!ntlts4seteohmfot thowNhroavi
vsesenuthe
shee.eth• aTinhhdehlfe
°sat:
al
yo:fethchhTneaaynde
auatman:rdeyb 6iis Od 3ls Od 24s 6d e''' , t
The late hour at which the report has reached u 3 pre- of December, some of the dirisiOns did not receive full Fobru cry, an interval during which the sufferines of the available for the conveyance of cattle, in addition to the and also of vegetables, from the Turkish provinces.
, des tti
sri
lea
enewtuc, l
uet byi
11:e
or
eat
nswi
etet
ehhe
anee. 60 4,
vents US from doing more than to entreat the careful at- rations, For the purpose of ascertaining the precise amount army I.rore scurvy were probably at their height. Had steam vessels already at his disposal, and, considering the
"BAT HORSES AND MULES. q ntity of wheat in market, 673 gra, i- ,
61 0
tention of our readers to the facts stated with judicial of these deficiencies returns were called for from each the General Commandin been informed of the arrival vicinity of Samsoon and other ports on the southern shore
" The most disastrous.of the deficiencies to which we have fl. 1, barley 1 9 499 qrs., at , s
I, 11 oats 4e5 qrs., gig '
,t
calmness by the commissioners. They corroborate in corps, but in many cases, owing to the difficulty exPe' a tha.t supply, it cannot gbe doubted that it would have of the Black Sea; where cattle- could not only have ee„
t rienced in keeping or preserving records of any kind, the been Issued to that part of the army which most required procured, but were actually tendered to him in December referred was the deficiency of the land transport. This Quartermasters in regard to furnishing any accurate state- I " " beans I,
every particular-where, indeed, they do not exceed n
regimental officers were unable to vouch for the accuracy it nearly two months earlier. and rejected, we are forced to the conclusion that the was not confined to the transport more properly belong
AVERAGES PEA IMPEZIAL QUARTRR. ..1;
force of statement-the letters of our correspondents ;
of the details. An abetract fth s however "It is somewhat remarkable that the regulations re- Commissary-General was not then sufficiently alive to the
o ese returns ha , , . . . .
to the Commissariat, but extended also to the public and regimental bat animals, there being no other means of trans- ! Wheat, 3/. 11 8 o.l2ths I B ley lt. 17 1t i'
they utterly disprove the charges of " exaggeration"
been printed in the Appendix. quire the issue of limejuice to troops on board ship, when importance of that article of food ; and that the quantity 1 b • h '
private bat anima s, the former mpg sue as, previous to pert. It was often late before they reached Belaklava, and Oate, ... 11. 9' 8 • ar
t ' ... 1 '9.-
1 Beans, ..... 24 1 0
Which have been so frequently and so glibly made, and "It appears that in the Cavalry and Ist Divisions, and salt meat is issued for a certain number of days but that might hay, been considerably increased during the months the formation of the Land Transport Corps, were provided they were in so weak a state that the men sent with them 4)
-12ths
demonstrate, indeed, that nO language could adequately in the 2d Brigade, 2(1 Division, the deficiencies were merely there is not any similar provision for the prolection of of December January, and February, if proper measures by the Commissariat, aud handed over to each corps in could only venture to carry up a portion of the forage due ; , _
DALKEITH GRAIN MARKET-JAN. Sl' ef
describe the sufferings of the army or the imbecility to fractional; and that even in the Third Division and the Ist troops on shore, though the necessity may be equally had been taken for that purpose. The time is nut very re- regulated proportions for the carriage of the fide e ni -
(1 •P what was left behind would probably be considered by the i , DO',
which they may flor the most part be traced :- Brigade, 2d Division, where they were somewhat greater, urgent, as it has been in the Crimea, and would be in a mote when armies depended upon sailing vessels for all the went, the latter being the private property of ths officers, Quartermaster a short issue, while the Commissariat officer "zrfl* Best. Current. 406 '
they were not such as could, in ordinary circumstances, ma. fortress that was invested or blockaded. It appears to us, supplies transported by sea, bat the Commissary-General who are, however, authorised to draw rations for them. would, perhaps, hold that he had male an issue in full. ! 3e4 Wheat 75s ea
~,,
" FIRST REPORT. terially affect the health of the troops. after careful consideration of the facts that have come te was deterred from using such vessels for the conveyance ef Public bat animals appear to have been provided for such It is admitted on all hands, that there was • ' 1106 Oats
great irregu- i „e , 32s Od er'
00s Od ... ...... 2g: :
“ Constantinople. June 10, 1855.
"In the 4th and Light Divisions the deficienciee in the uur knowledge, that it would be expedient, whenever salt cattle by what he describes as the ' frightful' proportion of corps as weie in Bulgaria, and mott of the officers of those larity in the arrangements at that time, which we hpe! 1" t'a'ne•Y '-39a 6d oos Od ......... ta
" My Lord-We have the honour te report that, in pur-
rations were not only greater in amount, but also much meat is issued to troops, to assimilate their diet to that casualties. This does not appear to us is be a sufficient rea- corps also provided themselves ; but when the army eel- will be considered a sufficient reason for our not attem(4- i 32 Peas & beans 504 Od oos Od ......... •'.-
suance of your lordship's instructions, sve set out from
more continuous. In those divisions the men were fre- which is used so sucoessfully in the navy. This has beau son. 3,000 additional bullocks, in the three months above- barked for the Crimea nearly all of both deteriptions were left, ing to enter into any details of the deficiencies at that _a_
London on the 23c1 of February, and arrived at Constan-
quently on three-quarters, two-thirds, and sometimes on strongly recommended by several officers, and especially mentioned, would, on the average, have given the whole behind, and it was not till the end of October that about period. It may sullies to state that they must have been ABEB,DEEN-FEB. 1.
tinople on the 6tle of March. We proceeded at once to
half rations et meat and of rum ; on two occasions they by Dr. Walsh, the naval surgeon ia charge of the marines army fresh meat every alternate day; and we cannot per- half the regulated number was landed in the Crimea. A very considerable indeed, and, coupled with ex osure, biti
Scutari, and having visited the barrack and general hos-
had only quarter rations, and en one day they had none tit on shore who states, in his evidence, that during a ser- suede ourselves that three or four of the sailing horse- second and smaller detachment an ived in January, but by were no cloabt the cause of very heavy loss and inefficFenc * Potato oats 25s Od to 26s Cd I ono per
pitals, examined the purveyor and principal medical offi-
all. In the other itengi the-defaloations were not very ini. vice of It'e years he has never seen scurvy in the navy. 1 traimports could aot have landed that number in three that time a great part of those received in Octeber were There is one case, however from which (well serious Li- Comneon oats 22s Od to 238 Od e
car. As the condition and arrangements of those hospi-
portaut except in rice of which the Fourth Division di d " FRESH AND PRESERVED VEGETABLES. months, in addition to all that were brought by steam yes- dead, or no longer effective, and, in consequence of the eon- sequences have arisen that it requires some special notice Bero 34s Od to 35s Od
1 531 be
152 qrs., 1
tals have been the subjects of a separate inquiry and
not get any for the ers't 10 days in January, nor for three " The health of the army also suffered from a deficiency ' sels, chiefly from the Bosphorus. If there was difficulty in tinned deficiency of forage, and the exposure and fatigue, • Barley 34s Od to 35s Od
report, we shall not tremble your lordship with any de-
most of those received in January stewed the same fate. " WANT OF FORAGE IN LIGHT CAVALRY BBIGIADE. -Wheat, red (spring)e2s Od to 663 Od t 62tes or .
other days in that month, while a brigade of the Liglet of fresh or preaerved vegetables. Lord Raglan seems to 1 bringiug the additional cattle alive, they raight have been
tails in regard to them.
Division received for Bii daYa in that month only half tete have beea urgent to supply this deficiency ; but it ap- I slaughtered, and at that season of the year the meat might When the Coramiesariat transport failed, this deficiency " The Light Cavalry Brigade, which had for some time „ - white 703 Od to 74s Od f
" The information which we obtained at Scutari and at
pears that, according to the regulations, vegetables do not have been carried without much loss. In short, it appears of regimental transport, which otherwise would have been previously been stationed in the valley adjacent to 13a- Oatmeal
usual quantity.
Constantinople was of great importance to oar future pro- t. weth reference to the probable effects of such deficion- constitute a part of the soldiers' ratioes, and it is there- to us that fresh meat, in much larger quantities, might of comparatively little morne.nt fe a standing camp, was laklava, was removed, first to the viciuity of head•quarters, Flour 60s Od to -s Od per seek.
19s Ocl to 20. Od per boll.
ceedings. We ascertained thst the sick arriving from the cies, it may be proper to state that, prior to December, fore no part of the ordinary duty of the Commissariat to have been, B,nd ought to have been, supplied to the army. severely felt. for two or three days, and thereafter, on the lat or 2d of PBOVISION MARKET. 11/4
Crimea were nearly all suffering from diseases chiefly at-
" LAND TEANSPORT. November, to Inkermau, where it was stationed near the Beef, per lb iOd tst it
4ed to eld I Butter, p lb. Os - , tete At
1850, the ration of salt pork, then issued twice a-week to issue, or even to provide them. This arrangement, which " The common belief that, in the navy, the seamen are
tributable to diet, and that the food supplied te the army the British troops on several foreign stations, was only leaves the soldier to Purchase vegetables in the market, fed upon salt meat and biscuit, may, perhaps, have misled " All the witnesses examined upon the subject are of Windmill, a distance of at least seven or eight miles from Mutton, per lb 6d to Bcl 1 Eggs, p doz. Os 9" 4‘ r
•
during the winter, consisting principally of salt meat and 12 oz with 11b. of beef, fresh or salt, on the other: five may be an advantage to him where such a market exists, persons who did not sufficiently attend to the precautions opinion that the duties which the men had to perform Balaklava. This change at a time when tho roads were in Veal, per lb
'biscuit, with a very insufficient proportion of vegetables, dys 'and that, prior to 1837, the ration of pork wee only but it is obviously inapplicable where, as in the Crimea, which it has been found necessary to adopt in that branch
twheaen, tthheeyrefeeoruel,debf etahre,
uwtimthooeut thicupj
under arum in the trenches, and en pickete and guarde, iu- an extremely bad state, and when there was great difti- Pork, per 5t...53 9d to 6s 0(1 Chickenado.2ll 6„,a a,'-• es ,71
6d to 9d Hens, p pair 3s Otj mt4es tel)
wee calculated, in the circumstances in which the troops 9oaz. 'on three days in the week, with 11b. of beef, fresh or there was none. The first attempts to import green mega. of the service, for the purpose of insuring variety of diet, volved an amount oflabonr and exposure as great or greater culty in obtaining the means of transport, created very , Salmon, per lb ......0s to Os Ducks, do., Os oe ''s r
ytentcoetthheeitr
thheeaylteeh.eullat steartitils. obstacles to a proper supply of forage being ote Grouse, per brace .... ..Osto Os DucklingadoOs ee, feet e l
nd te 0 Ol
were placed, to produce these diseases.
salt, on the other four days, which is less than the aventee tables were not successful, and some time elapsed before and of counteracting the effects of a diet consisting of the
"It was, therefore, evidently desirable to increase the quantity actually issued, even in those divisions in which the defects in the arrangements could be so far remedied two articles in question. It is also right to keep in view no;
Tallow, p stone, 489 d to 5s Od Turkeys, each4s
tat'a wog; t
supplies of fresh meat and vegetables and to substitute the deficiencies were greatest. On those stationt, however, ae to secure a regular supply. In the meantime scurvy in that we are judging after the event, vrhen the importance be saved all additional labour and exposure. but, owing to "It is alleged by Dogaity-Assistant-Commissary-General Potatoes, pr peck, 6d to 7d Geese, do., ds rai tee !I
fresh bread for biscitit. On this subjecit we had the advan- in addition to 11b. of soft bread, the troops had at all times its ordlnarY form, and scorbutic diseases in various forms of a sufficient supply of fresh meat has been proved, though the deficiency of laud tranoport, they had to perform a Crooksha,nks that there was a certain quantity of hay at Butter for exportation (present cure) per cwt. 0 •••03 te e
tage of a coaversation with Dr. Sutherland, ef the Sanitary either 4oz. of rice or half-a. •t f •I b • h. h extended raPidlY, till in several regiments hardly a man not by any means for the first time, by the consequences
pin o peas dm y, endes wic term) amount of the work that ought to have been done by Balaklava, but not the means of carrying it to the front ; Eggs, wholesale price, per dozen ... .. ' -
ea..... ...... .
Commission, who confittated, from the results of his profes- a portion of their pay was expended in' purchasing yoga- was free from the taint. resulting from the want dia. horses and mules. The roads, or tracks, were to deep in occasionally he managed to bring up a little till the 14th
Pli
stiooiteAtatle icnav:Vgations, the information we had obtained as tables in the market, whereas in the Crimea, during the " The advantages attending the use of preserved and " IMPORTANCE OF FRESH MEAT. mud that the journey which tho men had to perform from of November wh ‘
, en the supply failed entirely. .After that RETAIL PRICES.
00 tO //101
f the prevailing diseases, and entirely con- greater part of November and December, and also in a compressed vegetables, more especially when the army is " Wherever large armieB have been collected a tendency the camp on the height, to Bela.klava and back, carrying date the want of transport affected the supply of barley Flour -s Od to 3s 2d Barley flour, 141 b. 0001
curred in the necessity of substituting fresh meat for salt, great measure du •gJa a y and part of February, the in motion, aro so great and obvious and the men have to diseases of the bowels has been manifested. Those are t. w
upra ions, arm clothing, huts, or ammunition, frequently also, which on several days did not exceed from lelb. to Oatmeal,l4lb. Os Od to 2s Od , dust, ........ °se tet
and fresh bread for biscuit, as well of increasing the supply soldier was confianre an'
r-
te 't • ddt• t w become se well acquainted with'the manner of using emphatically the diseases of the camp, and it is of the
xclusively to 'sem in a i ion o no
... •
occupied 12 hours during the whole of which time they 21b. daily per horse, being all that they had to keep them Beremeal ....Os Od to 18 10d , peril) ......... 2.
of fresh or preserved vegetables. Colonel Talloch had sc. his salt ra( at. them, and relish them so fully, that we venture strongly utmost importance that every precaution should be taken were without food', shelter, or rest-unless standing in deep alive. The returns of one of the regiments show that, for Peasemeal... Os Od to 28 1 d Sid's, .......................
(mired experience in such matters from having been chiefly The French troo s • • d tel h d
,itis un ers oo , a only 12oz. of to recommend that they should be re,gularly issued to the to counteract that tendency. But experience has proved mud, drenched and cold, iustead. of struggling through it, the last four days they were on the ground, the average 4-Ib. 10af...10c1. 2-Ib. 10af...5d.
instrumental in providing a supply of fresh bread for his beef, or 10oz. of ple)rk daily when salt meaa was issued ; troops, when fresh vegetables, in sufficient quantityand in on many former, and some comparatively recent occasions, can be called rest. It was in contequence of -the want of was only about 261 b. for each horse, previously exhausted Cheese, per imperial stone, 38 6d. to de.
regiment when stationed in the ceded provinces after the but, besides beine aiways 'lie to asp their coffee and sugar good condition, cannot be provided, and that a speeified that the long ute of salt meat increases both tho number transport that, even after firewood had been provided at as they had been by the waut of hay or straw duriog the -- -
Balaklava, the men had to undergo tho labour and exposure early part of the month.
DUBLIN-FRu. 2.
first Burmase war, ande therefore, it was arranged that he with adva - id 2e f ' d •ed veeetables, quantity of the one or of the other should constitute a part attacked and the proportion of fatal cases. The influence of
ntage, they h oz. o rice or ri e
anril
should direct his especial attention to that subject from and 27 f f b d 20 f tescuit d.aily.
oz. oso t rea ,or oz. o 1 uf the regulated rations of troops in the field. improper diet is augmented in proportion to the constitu- of dieging up roots to cook their food, without always " When the supply began to fail, the Commissariat officer The consumers h
b• ;• ble to o enoueh for that purpose. It was in referred to who appears to have dune everything in hi avo begun to derive 10111. 6 The , -
the moment of our arrival in the Crimea.
"In considering the probable effects of the deficiencies "FRESH BREAD. tional depression and predisposition to disease produced by eine A s prtnhcur ta t , , s from the considerable fall in the wheat Market- aO/
consequence of e wan. ot ransport that the men wore power to meet the difficulties of the case, proposed, as he
"We entered the haaboar of Belaklava upon the 12th of referred to, it may be presumed, from hhe facts alexia " The only bread issued to the troops, till the month of other causes, and in circumstances so unfavourable to health
is, however, only one penny in the 41b loaf, whicbeetsor
repetttedly on short rations, and that they wore deprived, knew there weal pleuty of barley at Balaklava that if a de-
March, and the following day proceeded to head-quarters stated, that it was not so much from default in the rations April, was biscuit, which appears, however, to have been az those in which the army in the Crimea was placed, by the
had now from some bakers at 9d for first and SitufsiA
to wait upon Lord Ragian, and to arrange our proceedings of salt meat and biscuit that the diet of the troops affected of excellent quality. The sick complained much of the want nature of the service, the season at which it was carried on, for about six or seven weeks, of their rations of rice, tachment of the horses were allowed to go down daily he quality. There was a further fall in all kinds Otte;
in conducting the inquiry intrusted to us. The course their health, as from the insufficiency a other descrip- of soft bread, and the men who were affected with scurvy, and the unusual disproportion of the numbers to the which would have been so beneficial at that precise time, would engage to bring up enough for the rest of the brigade. yesterday's market, wheat being Is, oats 6d, and """
which we proposed to pursue was explained in the letter tions of food. At the same time there can be no donbt many of whom coetinued to porform their duties, were amount of work to be done, no practical means ought to when hardly any vegetables were supplied to them, and This proposition appears to have been brought sp I
ecial•Y to ls lower than on the preceding Tuesday. a 0.41‘
of the 13th of March, of which a copy is annexed ; his that the short rations were conalidered an additional hard- often unable, from the state of thoir gums, to eat tho hard have been left untried to protect the troops from the injo- hardly a man in the army escaped the provailiug disease. under the notice of Lord Cardigan by Lieutenant-Colonel
Wh. 38' Od 2 ' Us t° '-jer,
ite wheat, e to 4sOd ; red ditto, , , opt ,
Lordship s entire concarrence in that course is conveyed to ship and privation by those who could use them, and that biscuit, or could eat it only with much pain. At length rious effects of diet-one of the few conditions of the soh The men were overworked in the trenches, and on Mayou, Assistant Quartermaster-General of Cavalry, who barley, 14s Od to 20s 6d ; oata, 12e 6d to 153 Ocie,, , elite
us in his letter of the 1 sth of March, of which a copy is any diminution in the nutritive value of the diet, which, some private establishments for baking bread, in Russian diers' existence which were absolutely within control. • pickets and guards ; and they suffered in health from the etates that his lordship declined to accede to it, as he Lad
-s Od to -s Od per brl ; oatmeal, 15s Od to 17. v.` ' 4111-
also annexed ; and on the following day we commenced even when issued in fall, was insufficient to maintain evens which had been found therm were set on foot by pri- "Regarded merelyin a pecuniary point of view, irrespoo- excessive fatigue watching? and exposure which those previously done when a similar proposition wax made to flour, 24s Od to 28s Od per cwt; Indiaucern, 37s 01 t 0
the examination of the regimental officers stationed in the the strength of rnen undergoing hard laboar and much ex- vete enterprise at Balaklava ; and the men, especially the live of higher considerations, moral and political, the most dutiot involved. To those, in consequence of the want of him to send the horses down far hay before that sup- per 480 lbs.
vioinity of Balaklava. posnre, must have been injurious to :all who could have sick, eagerly purchased the loaf of the neminal weight of wasteful of all expenditure is the expenditure of men. transport animals, were superadded other duties, involving ply failed.
_e.......,
" Following out that course, we have seen and personally consumed it. Many of the men, however, did not eat two pounds, at 25., and even at 21. 6d. or 3s. The most There is hardly any conceivable price that it may be neces- an amount of fatigue and exposure which alone would " The whole brigade remained in this state till the 2d of -
examined, either separately or collectively, the command- the salt meat, especially the salt beef, when full rations urgent craving of the sick was for a morsel of soft bread. sary to pay for what is required to preserve the health and have bean trying to their constitutions. Several of the December, when it was directed to return to its previous SBA B 0 RIVB MA I LS.
a."
ing officer, surgeon, Enid quartermaster of every corps in
were issued. The prevailing diseases were, at that time, Shortly after our arrival an arrangement wait made with efficiency of the soldier that is not advantageously laid out. officers stated that the draughts for their corps, which were position, but by that time the horses were reduced to each ------...,.....__
_..., f 0.-
the Crimea, who was mot prevented by illness from attend- affections of the bowels, in most cases connected with those establishments, byLordßaglan's directions, by which Every soldier has oast a 'ergo sum before he is landed in the excused duty in the trenches for the first ten days after a state from stervation that they could no longer bear the b erhsignrs thcittislit: nr, aro sent from the Gotim.'
ing ; and from them Inave obtained evidence of such defi-
scorbutic tendency in the system ; and not only the men, they engaged to supply the purveyor with a certain quan- Crimea fitforduty, audit costs alike sum to replace him. Tbe their arrival, were sent, during that interval, on fatigue to weight of their riders ; they had to be led down ; many 7 a nig an y t morning--do
ciencies as have occurred in the supplies of each corps, and but the medical officers also, believed that those diseases tity daily for the use of the hospitals, to be issued, on re- valueoftheotherconsiderationscannob beestimated in money Balaklava, but that it became necessary to relinquish the were left on the ground in a dying state, and of the re-
0
of the consequences of those deficiencies. We next exa- were aggravated, and that tendency incleased, by the con- quisitiou, as a medical comfort. for they are above all price. But the highest price that has been practice, because a fatigue petty to Balaklava sent sa many mainder 17 died on the road befure they could reach their Day when made up From wbsi 402 j,
mined the officers commanding brigades and divisions, tinned use of salt meat. In many cases, the aversion to "We are not aware of any safficient !mama why soft paid per lb. for fresh meat, including freight and casualties, of the young soldiers into hospital. former statiou, a distauce of only about 6 milee. 00T7XTRIES. in General Post- port seelSo
with the exception of Sir George Brown, who was absent that description of food seem, to have amounted to abso- bread might not have been baked at any time for the use of was sd. or 6d., and therefore loss than the lowest price at " From the commencement of the campaign in the Cri- "Itis no part of our duty to enter into the military Mice, London.* Dispatche-
••<1
at Keitch ; together with the staff officers, the principal lute loathing. Several of the officers who had lived for a the sick, and also for the whole army. The French army which salt meat has been put into store in the Crimea ; mea the scale upon which tho Commissary-Goneral pro- reasons which may have led to the detention of this eri- Tmes-,--jea --- -.---- age
(b Eve 1 .
yHrit.peck)N TY FridaY •• • • Liverpoo
medical officers, and the Commissariat officers attached to considerable time upon their rations experienced similar has been regularly supplied with fresh bread ; and the oreo• and if the casualties, which in the winter voyage from the posed to provide land transport for the army appears to gado on a spot where the horses could not be foraged by se:aerial., tey united fas. I I/
1.0.
,
brigades and divisions ; finally, we examined the Quarter- sensations, and ultimately found it impossible to eat the tion of a sufficient number of ovens was not an operation Bosphorus, in steam-vessels, are variously stated at from 14 us to have been dangerously small • yet the scale upon the Commissariat, or which may have induced a refusal to packet) ..........N •••• -••- - Liverpool , t
master-Gestural, and the senior Assistant Quartermaster- salt meat, especially the salt beef, although it is admitted involving any greatexpen3o-correqeiring much skill or much to 20 per cent., had been double that amount, or even a which it was actually provided fell far short of even whet adopt the tally measure by which apparently they could America (by U. States 4.81/''
General, the Commissary-General, and the two Deputy that both beef and pork were quite sound and of good qua- time, if it had been undertaken by the proper public de- larger proportion, that would not have been a sufficient ho hed proposed. From a return prepared by the Commis- be subsisted ;we merely call attention to the fact, as one et peekt3.t) ••s• ••e• •a*lll ••-,• • • • fiouthemee'
, ICommissaries-General who are present with the army. lity. It was remarked that, while whole pieces of salt partments. There were bakers enough in the regimente to reason for leaving the army without an adequate supply of sarriat, there appears the startling fact that in January, of the instances of a deficiency of supply which formed the ustrratua (via isoutii
•••••• •••• •• southamteee
The personal examination of the Quartermaster-General, beef were frequently left unoonsumed, sometimes to the have worked many more ovens than were required to suppl what was necessary to preserve the health of the troops. 18a5, the whole number of effective animals belonging to special subject of our inquiry.
Ditto Oda Marseilles) N ''•••• • • • • • Dover .. a eel.
however, having repeseeedly been interrupted or prevented extent of hundreds of pounds' weight in a day by a single the whole army; and if these could not be spared from their "Considering the preference which hag been shown, not that department was 3:33 pack-horses and MllleS, and 12 " With regard to the period from the lst of January to Ditto (via Cape of Goodi On'
by his being called upon to attend to more pressing duties, reeiment, nearl all the pork was eaten, except by some of military duties thera was no difficulty in procuring bakers onlyin the present butiuothercampaigns,particularly those camels. The Comutissary-Genoral had considered it no- the 31st of March last, returns have been obtained from Hope) ............NI .... ••• fee
and finding ourselves linable from illness to postpone our the Sc h • y t
oto regimen 8. from Constantinople. But there appears to have been an in the Burmese and Chinese empires, for issuing to „the cessary, before the army should move from Varna, to each quartermaster showing the quantities of forage re- &erica Most Cosuit).,x23d of the month:. plymouth • '
.. .. NlB. 9. 24, & 30 of a, • Dover .• • •
_.
departure till he should be sufficiently disengaged, a series
" DEFICIENCIES. indisposition to make the attempt. (See Colonel Tulloch's troops salt meat and biscuit instead of fresh meat and have transport at his disposal equal to about 14,000 paok quired, and the quantities received and deficient, of which tiezandriA- •• " 4hX, '
exandria Bi t • 20th of mon• southemptee
of written questions ws.s sent to him to be answered.
" The deficiencies in the supplies Provided by the Com- memorandum appendix, p. 20.) The Commissary-General bread, notwithstanding the alarming extension of diseases animals. a summary is given in the Appendix. This does not mita- Al .• --.• .•
Bahamas ...........im 17tk of the meal, Southanipto' Of,
" The notes of the examinations taken down in presence • •
at fr m hioh the army, and es ecially that part of understood that a floating bakery had, 'for several months, of the bowels which usually manifests itself in military "In the month of October, however, assuming that the blish any apparent deficiency of importance during that Belgium .. ...N,DellY•• •-•• • • Dover •• I".
•• " fes if
of the Witnesses, withc•nt the assistance of a shorthand imtiwsshainch w' a:enewaneped u the heigh& before Sebastopol, been in preparation ia England, and it was considered un- operations, there seems reason to apprehend that the faci- whole army was fixed immoveably iu its position, the period, for it was the ptactice, when hay was wanting, to Brazil ...'...:::::...A1 9th of the. ruo7ith.• SouthamPto ph AO ,
writer, were in all cases. subsequently sent to them for cor- suffered most, were a deficiency pf fresh raeat, a deficiency necessary, or impossible, to do anything till it arrived. lite, of obtaiaing and distributing the former description of available traneport may have been sufficient for purely make it up by double , the weight of chopped straw, or nuenotieares........et 9th oi the month.• &ethernet° met' 1
rection and signature. :Printed queries were also addressed of ve bl d fi. • ff h d rt'cularly for the " From the information we have obtained, we are Bali's- supplies may not unfrequontly have had an influence in
geta es, a, e menu°
eres rea ,pa 1
Commiseariat purposes, exclusive of the conveyance of somotitnes by half the weight of barley ; 21b. of bran were„C,ape el. Good Hope ..N
ape of Good Elope ..N Various POrt 0
i
Ise•
to the commanding officer and to the surgeon of each corps : e e
Nice, axe more especially for thosewhose gums were affected fied that it is of great importance to the health of the causing too extensive a use of them. firewood-that is, for the carriaee of rations of food and in like manner, occasionally substituted for the usual issue "
Capo de Verds ......N 9th of the month southamptot.
and the answers yearned were signed by them. These with scurvy, a deficiency of fuel, a deficiency of hay and troops that they should be regularly supplied with a pro- " The duties of the Commissariat are, then, in a great * ed t th tthh 1 h •
ferage from Balaklava to the camps ef the diffarent divie of chopp 8 raw, so aon ewo e t e horses during Ceylon (secludes)
Ile°
documents have net bean subjected by us to any correction straw to such an extent that enough could not be procured portion of soft bread, and in standing camp, where flour measure confined to maintaining an ample store of these in mons. But from the commencement of the operations this period soFm not to have been badly rationed, though cem0n..............1e fe,
beyond what was necessary to rectify mere verbal errors or to fill the paillasses of the sick, and, above all, a defi. can be obtained, there is rarely any real difficulty in pro- the general depot by shipments from home, which involves trensport was required for siege purposes also. From the not with precisely the same description of forage as they Channel 151e5........N Mon.,Wed.,&Fria. SouthartlPto• ,
ornissions obviously ariaing from inadvertence. It would ciency of land transport, to which many of the other ded- viding it.
little trouble; and the distribution of this supply, accord- evidence of the Commiesary•General it appears that this had been accustomed to on home service. me1i................te ad & 17th of month isoothamptu' to,. ,
have been easy to relieve them of many repetitions, and ciencies are mainly to be attributed. "GREEN COFFEE. in: to the numbers in each division, merely involves the .
diversion of a part of his transport from Commisoariat to "In comparing the regimental and Commissariat state- Chins .... lonce a month....
otherwise to dress and polish them, without materially " FRESH MEAT. "We need not revert to the issue of green coffee, which dm 1 t t• f *th t. •b t h • ttl h t
pes opera ion oan me ic , u wen ca a ave o . . . • .
td h f 1 t th f eats and returns on this head it
siege purposes preven e ien rom comp emg o °rine- m , is neceseary, nowever, meant! o i
, co n p e ......ts . , . ,
Censtan .
11318 23 2 r . .• ''
& sof n, Dove . „
_JP
Unapt° 4th tk. 20th of mon. SJuthanWt° IIII'""
altering their import ; bat we have thought it better to e me
_Lee army al:moan to have been 8111:Plied with a saffi- has been alluded to by nearly all the witnesses whom we be sought out and purchased, often in remote provinces, tune of a depot near head-quarters which he had coin- to keep in view that, owing to the difficulty of carrying cont. et Europe lit ft N Twice daily .... • • Dover .. •• -
10020
eubmit them without erasing the rough original stamp of ~ e
men. proportion ot fresh meat while in Bulgaria ; and dut• examined. That subject had already been so fully discussed have to be fed and cared for, and kept in condition before menced, and which was a measure of great importance to chopped straw, the men often objected to take it, and Egypt (see Inala)
authenticity then to cbonge in any respect the form in ing the latter days of September, and nearly the whole of that we did not consider it necessary to investigate it. shipment • when transport has to ba provided, forego ob- the army, as subsequent events too clearly proved. He much was in consequence left behind, when it could not be France ........ M & Nirwlco daily.- - Doveraz..„
which they were returned to us, corrected and signed by October, the cattle, obtained in the Crineee, either by cap- But there is reason to believe that, being itnperfeotly tained for'the voyage, and subsistence thereafter till they was, therefore, from the commencement of the operations exchanged fur any other description of forage. This ap- Gibraltar .......... X 4,7,17.20, 27 r,f m South to
the witnesses. ture or purchase, :Ansi b d th t
.s-e- tae -roops with a eousiderable roasted and pounded by the men, it became injurious to are given over to the troops, the measure, however useful, . '
aeainst eesbastopol, aware that the transport he had col- pears to have been in some cases assumed as a deficiencY, Greece (see India) I
.... BC/nd tk 17th of mon.,gouthaniPteL i.
"Itis a great satisfaction te us to find, on most of the proportion, bat af!ter the beginning of November they were their health. This is not only their opinion, but also that is one which must necessarily be attended with much extra lected was not all available for Commissariat perposes, though it could obviously not be considered by the Cone- ara=awn -.-. '
urgh ..........N,Tuesuay & FridayiLoadon ••• ',yob.'"
important points, a remarkable concurrence in the testi- dependent upon the cattle imPorted• From that time till of those medical officers upon whose judgment we should trouble, great complication of accounts, and us small per- 'is missariat in that li ht •
and was not sufficient for all tho purposes for which it w. g, or borne on the returns as such. liavannah ..........114,:2nd of' the InonthlSoutharaPtolpslllooo
triony as to matters of fact, the month of Meath the supply of fresh meat was not stale- be most disposed to rely, and it is much to be regretted sonal exertion. The preparation of soft bread, in like required. In answer to the question why, in those cir- "LOSS OF HORSES DURING THE WINTER. Holland ....... ..... MiDaily....... ••• • . Dover ••••• '' 1160 001
4, The sufferings of the army in the course of the winter, cient to maintaice the health of the troops. During, the that the simple expedient of assembling a beard ef officers measura-involving, as it does, the purchase of wheat, its cunastances, he did net increase the transport in the " With reference to the effect of the deficiency of forage Honduras ...... .... Mil7ta, ( I the month. southampto.l:l, si I
and especially duringthemonthaof December andJanuarY, interval they suffered to an alarming oxtent from diseases as had been done at Varna, was net resorted to, as they conversion into flour, the building of ovens, the hiring of Crimea, he states that he had as many animals as he could and the other privations to which the horses of the army Innra tvvliaBoa
xartiaseninfid "e
r )I,q2B,2rtlihoWo,7tlTY-mit.11....
_0
must have been intense. We have not noted all the par- of the bowels, te which there was a general predisposition; could have recommended tea to be substituted for coffee. bakero, and extensive superintendence- requires a' very feed. The measure of the amount of transport to be pro. were exposed, we have ascertained the loss among them tonlanisles (see inediajia 17, &27 of monflDOvveerr.. •• " !owls',
ticulars related to us, many of which were unconnected and the medical officers of all ranks are ef opinion, with " When the difficulty about fuel to roast the coffee be- different amount of trouble and responsibility from vided for the army in the Crimea was not, therefore, what from various CiIIISOS in the Cavalry and Artillery. A sum• Ireland ........ed a eeTwice daily ..... illutihesd "I'oo,ll
with our inquiry ; but we may ;state that it has been onlY hardly one excep eion, that the continued use of salt meat gen to be seriously felt in December, there were 2,7051 b. of what would be created by the recei it and issue of was requireel, but what the Commissariat could feed. The mary of the return obtained on that head will be found at Lisbon ..............x7, 9. 17. &27 of m..lBotEhaMPtes'`
by slow degrees, and after the frequent repetition of simi- aggravated those diseases, aud increased that cl. -t ( I t 173 000t.)1 • • th C •• t t • b f b fb.•[(l •1 I '
pre lope ea aqua o . , ra ions ying in e ommissana a cer am num er o ags o iscuit ai y. t is, reason for not increasing the amount of transport was hot page 193 of Appendix which shows the loss attributable Madeira ............m 9th of tho month liontbanWw" .
lar details, as one witness after another revealed the facts sition.
stores at Balaklava. This would have afforded the usual perhaps, but natural under such circumstances that those that a greater number of uniznals wee unnecessary, but that to sicknese to be as fhe f t •
ws, or he six months from Ooto- attlairta„t;illl,:t ''' -1,7 234 of month .• .. Liverpool ••• 0
0
that had come under his own observation, that we a
t M h • 1 '
ratter number could not be fed in the Crimea. But if ber o arc Inc usive :-
I 41‘
With refereeice to this subject we have obtained returns quantity of a quarter of an ounce per man daily to the who have the charge of supplying the troops should cling aeg
Malta ...• ..........N 8.12, &28 of mon. Dover .......
have been able to form any adequate conception of the from all the regiments employed in the Crimea, showing corps in front, where the greatest 'difficulty was experi- to a system which tends so materially to relieve their dint- proper arrangements had been made to provide the army
Mauritius (soe India)
distress and misery undergone by the troops, or fully the quantity of salt and fresh meat igsued to each of them enoed in making, ase of the coffee, till a supply could be cultiet during a protracted campaign ; bat, as experience w•th forage a the winter, wherever it might be at that
Died Ratio alauritius ..........N 14th of the month r•
b• 1
to appreciate the unparalleled courage and constancy respectively durhng the winter, an abstract of which has obtained from Constantinople, or other quarters, sufficient has shown that this saving of trouble in the firet instance season, the forage would have been available for use in
the Crimea. , Strength. by per cent of Maxie* ............2d 2nd of the month., floathaMPVll
Sickness. Deaths. Ka
p1e5..............Nibth15th25th0rm0n. Dover .• •• ** AO
'with which they have endures their sufferings. been submitted in the Appendix. A return was also fur- to make the issue a general one. A temporary supply, too. can only be effected at the risk of great suffering, vast ex-
New Granada ......24 '2l & 17th of mouth SoutharnPt°2 (108"-
Great Britain has often had reason to be proud of her nished, at our re quest, by the Commissary-General, from might probably have been obtained from the navy, as there pause, and tenfold trouble in the end, the dependence on a " SUPPLY OF HAY.
Heavy Cavalry --
1,055 493 -
47 New Ze51and.......... By private stip .. Various poi,'
army, but it is doubtful whether the whole range of which it appears that the average quantity of fee& meat are generally large eteree of tea oe beer& Nothing of this diet of salt meat and biscuit only should. iu future bo con- " The Commissary-General had indeed concluded a con- L' ICI • •
igtt ava ry 1,161 439 38 Papal Rata .........N Sthlath2sthoftnon. Dover •••• •• •
militate, history furnishes an example of an army exhibit- issued to each man of the nee divisions composing the hind, however, appears to have been attempted, and the fined to cases in which the general officer in command has tract for about 1,000,000 pounds, or about 800 tons of hay, peneasea ..„ .... „es Itill7theethertnon. Southampton
.„0
bag, th.roughout a leng campaign, qualities aa high aa have &Tiny, including the sick in camie evas in Deceinber 61h. coffee continued to be issued in a green state to the men satisaed himself ats to the inapessibility of procuring other to be made at Buyook l'ehakinedge, on the &mei Marmora; Artillery 2,832 1,190 42 Peru ..............30 2d & ferth of mon- SouthamptOn
.
-______ Port Natal ..........N Ey private ship..• Various ports 110.4-
distinguished the forces under Lord Raglan's command. 40e., in January about 9113., in Feuruary 81b 20z.; but in front till the month of February, though much of it supplies, and, therefore directs, in general orders, the issue and hydraulic presses were sent Out from England to corn- Total
~............N sthlsth2Stliefeaon, Dever ......
The strength of the men gave way under excessive labour, several of the issues which go to make up this amount was not used in consequence of the difficulty of preparing of that description of food. The restriction to this ration press it for shipment. The contractors failed, it is said, to
Tuscany ....•• •.....bi Sttitsthmtnennen. DaVer -•• •• &JO°
watching, exposure, and. privation ; but they never mur- were in serial' quantitate for tho use of the sick only, to it.
should, then, be communicated immediately to the home complete their con tt•act and only about 600 or 70 : tons of yeneeuele a . m2d & I7th WV:Louth them ton 1, i•
inured, their spirit never tailed, and the enemy, though whom a preference was given in almost all instances ; and "It appears tons, front the statements of a great majority authorities, in order that they may send out supplies of ha were made Th 'e
i ear th' v bee enewithout "Oa referring to the loss sustained by the Commissariat Van Diemen'a ' 'CI' ..
. 11414
P 1 I
far outnumbering them, never detected in those whom he it is probable that the men for duty did not actually of the medical and other officers examined, that tea would preserved meats and vegetables, to counteract ite same- y't.l It' b. o eIY . " o " " 113
• ' animals during the same period, it will bo found rather Australia) .. all
(sa°. , el‘-
capi a , w o orr wie money at a high rate of interest to
encountered any signs of weakness. Their numbers were receive more than 3111. in December, 51b. in January, and on the whole be preferable to coffee, especially on a march, ness and innutritieus qaality. less than in the cavalry or artillery, the deaths among Wettrndles .. ......., L'et 2d it I7th o t month Bouthamptsali -
carry out their various contracts with the Commissariat. them h, • , ~
-:.
reduced by disease and by casualtiee to a handfnl of men, 41b. in February. Some of the corps received even loss provided the ration of sugar were increased by one querter " SUPPLIES OF VEGETA.BLES COULD BE OBTAINED. Their credit wee such that it was found necoosary to make . • -
eying, :teeming to a return furnished by Deputy-
teo .
compared with the great exteut of the lines which they than that quantity, and there is hardly any difference of of an ounce, that is, from 14 ounces to 2 ounces. t, The deficiency in the supply of veeetables it even more unuttaqsariat-General Adatns, amounted to about 889 out Whenan f ital '
an arrangement by which the stuns falling duo to them by f,, 3, • • y o these dates fall on a Sunday, the malls „Ms , ,
constructed and defended ; yet the army never abated its opinion as to the evil •
consequenees. That change would somewhat diminish the weight to be objectionable and more unaccouutabfe than that of the th c • • oe, ee originally imported into the Crimea, or in the SPatChod on tho follOWing day, wltk the exception of the P.-01
confidence in itselfetand never descended from its acknow-
e ommissanat were to be paid into the hands of the
tott
" VEGETA/ALE FOOL carried, always au important consideration, and would freoh meat. If tho army was to be fed on salt meat, a proportion of 38 por eent.-a result which could scarcely BouthemPton).ancl the Malta, both of whioh will be desPs
lodged military pre-eminence.
banker wh advanced the fu d The b (akar • I e 1
o . n s. I cow( or c
r Wing day.
" That evil wae a.ggravated by a, deficiency of veeetable materially diminish the cost of the ration. It was objected sufficient supply of voeetable food was known to be indis- • have been expected, considering the advantages which P "
. , . • it hazardous to make largo advances to enable theta to
" Both men and officers, when so reduced that they were food. The issue of 2,0 z. of rice daily to each xnan:which by the Cominissary-General, that tea is more likel le •
yto e pensablo to the maintenance of health. The Turkish re- cavalry horses might be su d h h d
ppose to ave over ex -worked _aril*
out a contract for hay which was liable to be rejected
hardly fit for the lighter duties of the camp, scorned to be had been ordered by Lord Raglan, iu Bulgaria, to be eon- damaged than coffee, especially on a march ; but as the vinces could have furnished, end a later and more up carry
baggage animals, to whom little attention could be paid at
nfa- on account of its quality or because the whole uantit
excused the severe and perilous work of the trenches, lest tinuod till the 30th of September, in consequnnce of the whole of the tea used-in Russia, and in some countries of vourable eenson did familia a considerable amount. There c -.- ' ' • q 3' such a period. SHARE MARKETS.
ontracted for had not boon prepared. Objections to re• a •
they should throw an undue amount of duty upon their prevalence of bowel complaints, was extended, at the mtg. Asia, whore it is largely consumed, is carried overland aro several varieties which can safely be carried by sea, ceive deliv .ar to have be • I both of these
ery appe .on raise( on . While we have considered it our duty to point out
_e,,.._____
comrades ; yet they maintained every foot of ground against gestion, it appear 3, of the Commiseary-General, till tho from China, there -can hardly be any merious diffieulty in anti whieh will keep several months, of which potatoes grounds, and payment was, in consequence, withheld. what appear to us to be serious defects in the arragements
all the effort; of tho enemy, and with numbers so small 15th of November, when it unfortunately ceasod, the order carrying a supply with an army. and onions are perheps the best, and the different varie- The contractors having no means of discharging the debt ID e
fth C ' ' t •th th • tl s •
ommissana vri e army in le Crimea, as woll LIVERPOOL, FEB. 2. 1,
that, perhape, no other troops would even have made the not havisig been renewed. The Commissary•Geleral states, " DEFECTIVE COOKING. thee of preserved vegetables are available at all seasons, they had inourred to the ea k te
n ors un il they received we an
as the consequences that have resulted from these defects &Num r„,,,.„,,..... ran _ .
_ . , - -. .__s, hos e.e
attempt.
and tho returns ehow, that the supply of rice in store was ~ one f the causes of sickness is the army. to which all and at a moderate cost. • 41- ...-:- -e ...I._ , _ , .
" Suffering and privation have frequently led to crime, such as would h.
_l7B enabled him to enntinnw +b. ;cis.. • _ °
•,• . . _

iiibering trait' import ; but we have thought it setter to ,r The army appears to have been supplied with a auffi-
eubmit them without ',rasing the rough original stamp of cient proportion of fresh meat while in Bulgaria; and dm•
authenticity then to change in any respect the form in ing the latter days of September, and nearly the whole of
which they were returned to us, corrected and signed by October, the cattle, obtained in the Crimea, either by cap-
the witnesses. ture or purchase, :furnished the troops with a oousiderable
"Itis a great satisfaction te us to find, on most of the proportion, but at!ter the beginning of November they were
important points, a remarkable concurrence in the testi- dependent upon the cattle imported. From that time till
mony as to matters of fact, the month of Mar eh the supply of fresh meat was not suffi-
" The sufferings of the army in the course of the winter, cient to maintaio. the health of the troops. During the
and especially duringthemontheof December andJanuarY• interval they set fered to an alarming extent from diseases
must have been intense. We have not noted all the per- of the bowels, to which there was a general predisposition;
ticulars related to us, many of which were unconnected and the medical officers of all ranks are of opinion, with
with our inquiry ; but we may state that it has been only hardly one excep eion, that the continued use of salt meat
by slow degrees, and after the frequent repetition of aims-
h aggravated those diseases, and increased that predispo-
r details, as one witness after another revealed the facts
sition.
that had come under his own observation, that we ,g With reference to this subject we have obtained returns
have been able to form any adequate conception of the from all the regiments employed in the Crimea, showing
distress and misery undergone by the troops, or fully the quantity of salt and fresh meat issued to each of them
to appreciate the unparalleled courage and constancy respectively dur,ng the winter, an abstract of which has
with which they have endured their sufferings. been submitted in the Appendix. A return was also fur-
Great Britain has often had reason to be proud of her nished, at our request, by the Commissary-General, from
army, but it is doubtful whether the whole range of which it appears that the average quantity of fresh meat
military history furnishes an example of an army exhibit- issued to each man of the Ste divisions composing the
ing, throughout a long campaign, qualities as high as have army, including the sick in camp, was in December 61b.
distinguished the forces under Lord Raglan's command. 4ez., in January about 01b., in February 81b 2oz. ; but
The strength of the men gave way under excessive labour, several of the issues which go to make up this amount
watching, exposure, and privation ; but they never mur- were in small quantities for the use of the sick only, to
mured, their spirit never tailed, and the enemy, though whom a preference was given in almost all instances ; and
far outnumbering them, never detected in those whom he it is probable that the men for duty did not actually
encountered any signs of weakness. Their numbers were receive more than 31b. in December, 51b. in January, and
reduced by disease and by casualties to a handfnl of men, 41b. in February. p
Some of the corps received even less
compared with the great extent of the lines which they than that quantity, and there is hardly any difference of
constructed and defended ; yes the army never abated its
opinion as to the evil consequences.
confidence in itself,fand never descended from its acknow-
lodged military pre-eminence.
" " VEGETA/ILE FOOL.
That evil was aggravated by a deficiency of vegetable
"Both men and officers, when so reduced that they were food. The issue of 2,0 z. a rice daily to each man, which
hardly fit for the lighter duties of the camp, scorned to be had been ordered by Lord Raglan, in Bulgaria, to be eon-
excused the severe and perilous work of the trenches, lest tinned till the 30th of September, in consequinace of the
they should throw an undue amount of duty upon their prevalence of bowel complaints, was extended, at the sug-
comrades ; yet they maintained every foot of ground against gestion, it appears, of the Commissary-General, till the
all the efforts of the enemy, and with numbers so small 15th of November, when it unfortunately ceased, the order
that, perhaps, no other troops would even have made the not having been renewed. The Commissary-0e meral states,
attempt,
and the returns show, that the supply of rice in store was
" Suffering and privation have frequently led to crime, such as would have enabled him to continue the issue;
in armies as in other communities, but offences of a serious but he also states that, from the deficiency of land tran-
character have been unknown in the British army in the sport, it was impossible to carry that additional weight to
Crimea. Not one capital offence, has been committed, or the front. The troops were then as completely dependent
even alleged to have been committed, by a soldier, and in- upon the Commissariat as if they been on board ship, and
temperance has been rare.
were subsisting almost exclusively upon salt moat and bis-
theone army must feel that, when troops so conduct them- of an article of diet so valuable, in those circumstances, as
selves throughout a long campaign, the officers must have rice should have been suspended in cosreequence of the
done their duty and set the example. The conduct of the want of transport, just at the time when it was most
men, therefore, implies the highest eacomium that can be needed.
passed upon their officers.. They have not only shared all "
When the original order for the issue of two ounces
the danger and exposure,, and most of the privations which of rice per man expired, on the 30th of September, the
the men had to undergo but we everywhere found indi- Commissary-General states that, finding there was a suffi-
catione of their solici elide for the welfare of those who chat quantity in store, and that bowel. complaints still
were under their ceintreand, and of their constant readiness continued to prevail, he suggested, as a 'measure beneficial
to employ their pnvele means in promoting the comfort to the health of the army, the extension of the order to
of their TAM Doubtless there has been, as there always the 15th of November. It is much to be regretted that,
must be, better mrensgeineet in some regiments than in when he subsequently found himself seeable, from want of
ethers, but among much that was painful in the evidence transport, to carry the 2 ounces of rich in addition to the
that we have heard, it was always gratifying to observe the salt meat, he was not induced by the mama motives to in.
community of feelings and interest which appeared every- form the General Commanding that he had still enough
where to subsist lietween the men and their officers, and of rice in store to continue the issue, which had become '
which the regimental system of the British army seems even more necessary than en the 30th of September, and !
alenoet always t•.) produce. that he did not call for a decision as to whether the army 1
"We hope to he excused for venturing to offer these then suffering not only front bowel complaints, but also
general observotions upon the conduct of the army. It was from scurvy, should be deprived of the only vegetable impossible to refrain from expressing, however M iade. food, besides biscuit, which was immediately available, or ,
quately, the admiration which a careful investigation of should submit to a reduction of two ounces in the daily 1
the circumstances cannot fail to produce. supply of salt meat, which a large proportion of the men ,
"It woe inevitable that the operations of a siege, carried did not consume. The troops felt the loss of the rice se- 1
on throughout the winter in the Crimea, should involve a h
ardly, many of them declaring that they would rather j very considereble amount of hardship and sickness. These hve lost their rain ; but they eubinitted without remon-
are consequences of such operations as certain as losses in strance, because the belief appears to have been general 1
action whev, a battle ix fought. The sickness and conse- that the issue of rice had coasted in consequence of the quent mortality in the British army in the Crimea have, supply being exhausted.
however, 'been very great. The deaths, including those at ‘, It appears from the evillence of the Commissary-
Scutari and elsewhere appear to amount to about 35 per General that it has not been the practice in the British ;
cent, of the average strength of the army present in the army to keep the General Commanding informed of the 2
Crimea from the Ist of October, 1854, to the 30th of April, amount of provisions in depot, or available for the use of
1855, and it seems to be clearly established that this ex- the troops, but only of such as be in the possession of the i
cessiva mortality is not to be attributed to anything pecu- troops, and in the charge of the Commissariat officers of
liarly favourable in the climate, but to overwork, exposure divisions. It was not until the latter end of January, It
to wiet and cold, improper food, insufficient clothing dur- when circumstances forced. upon Lord Raglan's attention I
log part of the winter, and insufficient shelter from incle- the necessity for his being kept personally informed of the i
niei.it weather. actual amount of the supplies on which he could rely for
'' To determine the limits beyond which we should 41e- the maintenance of the troops, that periodical returns of (s
cline to pursue our investigations, demanded careful deli- the quantities in store at Balaklava were ordered to be f
boration. The influence of overwork and exposure on the submitted to him.
health of the troops might appear to be foreign to the ob- "It appears to us, not only that periodical returns of the li„
..eecte of an inquiry which had reference exclusively to the supplies in store, and
available, ought regularlyduty to be sub- 1;1
supply of the army and the arrangements of the Come flatted, but that it ought to be the of some officer to fi
missariat ; but much of the labour and exposure which the call the attention of the General Commanding to such as
troops had to undergo was a consequence of the want are likely, in specie', circumstances, to pac
beneficial.
of sufficient land transport, which it was the duty of the Had Lord Raglan's attention been
called to the stores of Commissariat to provide. The effects of overwork and rice, and other farinaceous and vegetable food at h:s com- ti
exposure could not, therefore, bo excluded from our mend,* or had there been any officer on his Staff who could ,atconsideration. In like manner, the injurious cense- be held responsible for the proper application of the avail-
it
`Menem' of defective cooking, which are not obviously able supplies, there. can be no reasonable doubt that the h
connected with the subjects of our inquiry, were in a great men would have reoeived, in lien of two ounces of the salt P.
measure attributable to a deficiency of fuel, or of erans- neat which many of them could not eat, an equal weight ti
port to eonveyitfroml3alaklava to the cam ,both of which of food that would have been both more acceptable, and st
are matters affecting the Commissariat. It may be right infinitely more beneficial.
CE
here to state that, in doubtful cases we have preferred run- "The deficiency of transport, which is assigned as the c,
ning the risk of prism, • . !
g our inquiries beyond what might reason why these implies were not conveyed to the front, G
have been cesntemplatee to incurring
short of what was intended. the hazard of falling need not have affected the corps in and around Balaklava, h,
not pursued our investigation* into
At the same time, we hay: which were suffering from the same diseases, though not to
matters unconnected the same extent. cawith the supply of the army,
ra
"LIMEJUICH.
" QUANTITIXS IN MOUE. "A more unaccountable and still( more unfortunate fail-
of a great number o'f -a-r--
"The Commissariat have farniehed returns of the clues, ure to apply to the use of the army stores, of which it stood
.r.., .
tities in store, at various dates,
in the most urgent need, occurred in regard to limejuiee. '4,`,
tidies, as they appear upon the books, but, unoca , i On the 10th of December 278 cares, containing nearly -'-'
_tli.
credited in those hooks.till the whole has been dischareeds these returns do not show the quantity afloat. Ongthe 20,0001 b., arrived by the Eck, for the purpose of being
issued generally to the troops. Small' quantities obtained r,4,
other band, as issues were necessarily made, occasionally, front the purveyor, and also, it is understood, from the `,'
from cargoes still afloat, and which, therefore, had not yet navy, had been issued to the hospitals for the cure of scurvy '„s;
been credited, the cargo, when credited, might, in fact, during the previous mouth, but no measures had been taken cif.:(
have already been issued' wholly or in part. The Com. to counteract the tendency to that disease which was rapidly
vi
missary-General has, therefore, been unable to furnish a ;Treading. The necessity for issuing limejuice as a prophy- in
lactic had boon stated in many of ibe medical reports to tie
return of the smallest quantity at any time in store of any
of the articles constituting the rations of the troops, as re- The
by general orders. In regard to all of those anti- will showot.lll,o,wqiunagnttaithilees ailisftLaientaeccleofirtosmane store accounts, in
gulated
preserved Vega- on
glee, we must rely upon the general statements of the offl- table food lying in the stores at Balaklava and Scutari, it
cars of that department as to the sufficiency at all times of while the troops were suffering
in
the supplies in store. From those statements, however, the ------* health for want of them ae.
accuracy of which wo do not question, it appears that, in-
eluding what was afloat in e
the harabtoßnralatkhieavea,omofmthisesaarritsi ill
Rice. Available and dried Period t. Pr'
_ Preserved t
s has never been without a supply,
Period. potatoes. 'available. ter
else issued as rations to the men. But. the ration of biscuit ---- --..._
thi
baying, on the 15th of October, been increased by General le. ----prn,Th
At Balaklava ••••.. • • .. 74,574 la "/.1,- lb. From evi
v. 32,413 1 Nov. Order to tilb., in consideration of the severe labour to
And there were lying in cui
which the troops were subjected, it was reduced en the
Con
ground of ' the store at Scutari, ready
6,010 1 Oct. nth
refs
7th of November to lib., on the express .
supply of biscuit being insufficient to furnish the increased the above supplies be- .
lies
ration lately authorised.' came reduced ........ 216,001 Nov.
Having heard that there had been such a deficiency, or
•••••••••........................................ ceu
apprehended deficiency, of salt meat as to make it neces-
"TY to apply on the 21st of January to the navy for assist- -- Peas. Period Scotch Period t
ante, we in available. barley, available.
turns handed to us by
'Mired into the circumstances. From the re-
—...._
the Commissary-General, and from --
his statements, it appears that, although the Commissariat From lb. Fenn but
At Balaklava. •,.. • • .... 511,bzu—. 0 16 Dec. 23,123 I Jan. the
had at that time in store sufficient for several days' eon- And there were lying in the
gumption, there was still, in consequence of some mistake, store at Scutari, ready
it is stated, on the part of the Commissariat officers at to be brought over as sibl
in Constantinople, cause for considerable anxiety lest the the above supplies be- . I
arn
~.
*het
whole army should be left without salt meat at a time came reduced .• • • .•.. Nil. ..- 42,726 1 Dec.
And about half - _
ouit, rum, and the ordinary groceries. The arrival of a ~
...e. tna,t quantity from I
the Apt of October. I lid

" One of the causes of sickness in the army, to which all
the witnesses refer, is defective cooking. On the march
from Old Fort to the Alma, and during the battle, most
of the men throw away or lost their camp kettles. Some
divisions did not preserve even one in ten of the regulated
number, viz., one to every five men. When the army
arrived before Sebastopol it was, therefore, impossible to
organise the established regimental system of cooking,
which is by companies, telling off a certain number of men
per company as cooks. Each man had to cook for himself
in his small mess tin or canteen, to proeure his own fuel,
anti to light his own fire.

" FUEL.

' For a time there was little difficulty in procuring fire-
wood ; but after the brushwood in the vicinity of the camp
was consumed fuel could not be obtained, except by dig-
ging up roots, an operation which, to unskilful hands, in-
volved great labour, and, in Lad weather, much exposure.
When there was snow upon the ground, and during frost, the
men, who were inadequately supplied with tools, and who,
from want of skill in using them, seen spoiled or broke such
as they had, often found it impossible to procure enough of
fuel. In wet weather the inexperienced, who composed the
great majority, had much difficulty in getting the green or
wet wood to burn. Men who had been all night in the
trenches. np to their anklesin lend, and who returned to the
camp exhausted and benumbed, could not cook food for
themselves without first grubbing up routs for fuel, which in
many cases were to be found only at a considerable distance.
Many of theca wanted either energy or streng,h enough to
undergo that labour, and contented themselves with their
biscuit and rum, adding in some cases a bit of raw pork.
Many more made the attempt to cook their meat, hut, in
consequence of the difficulties just referred to, the process
was often very imperfectly performed, and the meat was
eaten half raw. Even after kettles had been procured,
which in most regiments was not until some time in Janu-
ary, and after men had been told off to cook for companies,
the labour and exposure undergone by the fatigue parties
sent out to obtain fuel was a serious addition to the other
severe and harassing duties which they had to perform.
" The Commissariat maintained that it was not the
practice of the service to issue fuel to troops in the field ;
that a soldier was not entitled to a ration of fuel unless i❑
barracks. Lord Raglan, however, on the 11th November
instructed the Commissary-General to provide a sufficient
supply of fuel for the ensuing winter; and by a General
Order dated the 4th Dec., directed the issue of rations of
fuel to the troops. But, although it appeared that even
long before the 11th Nov. the Commissary-General had
provided a depot of fuel at Scutari for the use of the army
when iu barracks, he was not prepared to issue fuel in the
field when it was ordered on the 4th December.
" To provide and issue fuel was, no doubt, a considerable
addition to the duties of the Commissariat, and the difficul-
tiesarising from the deficient state of the laud transport, the
narrow space for landing stores at Balaklava, and the great
amount of labour which the other duties of that department
involved, in the peculiar circumstances of the army, may
have led the Commissary-General to insist upon the alleged
previous practice in the Peninsula and elsewhere of leaving'
troops in the field to find their own fuel. But the circum-
stances of the army before Sebastopol wore obviously ex-
ceptional, and an appeal to precedent was out of place. I❑
consequence of the representations of the Commissary-
General, however, the order of the 4th of Dec. appears to
have been modified, and it was not until the nth of De-
cember that the troops in and near Bslaklava received
rations of food.
This apparent want of alacrity on the part of the Com-
missariat to provide fuel for the army in the field, tumid
not have arisen from any difficulty in procuring firewood.
The southern coast of the Black Sea is wooded down to
the shore for hundreds of miles; firewood could have been
procured there in unlimited quantity, but the resources of
that coast had not then been explored. Wood has more
recently been obtained thence at little more than one-fourth
of the price paid for it daring the winter at Scutari and
Constantinople. Unfortunately, after fuel had been pro-
vided at Balaklava, the want of laud transport made it
impossible to carry it to the front, except is small quanti-
ties for the use of the hospitals ; and, being issued only
in the vicinity of Balaklava, it was of no use to the soldier
on the heights, unless he could find the means of carrying
it to the regimental camp.
"IMPROPER DIET-
"From what has been stated, it appears that the dint
provided for the troops was not well calculated to preserve
their health in any circutistaecee, and that, instead of
tending to counteract the other causes of disease to which
they were exposed, it tended rather to aggravate those
evils. And the same unvarying diet of salt meat and bis-
cuit, without a sufficient supply of vegetables, acting upon
constitutions debilitated by the other causes previously
referred to, produced scurvy, which, there is reason to be-
lieve, complicated and rendered more fatal almost every
other disease by which the troops were attacked in De-
ceuaber and January.
"ABUNDANCE OF CATTLE.
"The Commissary-General states that he considers the
issue of fresh meat the rule, and of salt meat the exception;
but he has not explained, in a manner that we consider
satisfactory, the reason why this order was reversed. In
the countries subject to Turkey, which were easily acces-
sible, there is not, and there never has bean, any difficulty
its procuring a sufficient number of cattle to supply the
army with fresh meat. In December, when scarcely any
but salt meat was issued, the Commissary-General says that
be bad g,OOO head of cattle secured. He attributes the de-
ficiency in the camp to the want of sea transport, the difti-

" At the time when the army was suffering in conse-
quence of the want of vegetables there was in store, at Ba-
laklava, a considerable supply of vegetable food, both peas
and preserved potatoes, which were not issued. The greater
part of the peas were not split, but whole, and the men, ex-
periencing great difficulty in boiling them, became unwilling
to take them. They did not know, and do not appear to
have been informed, that the addition of a small quan-
tity of soda would have made the process comparatively
easy ; but for this omission the Co;mnis.iariat cannot
be considered responsible. As a reason for not issuing the
preserved potatoes during the winter, whoa they would
have been so useful in preventing ■curvy, the Commissary-
General states that the men rejected them, and returned
into store several cases that had been issued. Oa investi-

gating the circumstances, however, it appeared that they
had been returned into store at a time when the troops had
a sufficient supply of fresh meat, and when they understood
that they were to pay for one pound of the preserved the
price of four or five pounds of tho fresh potatoes. When
they wero afterwards issued gratis, and the men had learnt
how to cook them, they became exeeedingly popular.*
"No ONE SPECIALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR DIET, OR FOR
THE ADAPTATION OF THE RESOURCES TO THE WANTS OF
THE ARMY.

"lit seems to be a defect in the system of the Rritish
army that no one is specially responsible for the fitness of
the diet supplied to the troops, or for the most advan-
tapous adaptatiea of the resources of the countries in

which milita'ry operations are Carried on to the require-
ments, in this respect, of the army. Supplies of the utmost
value to health may thus be lying within reach, without
being made available. because they are not specified in tee
scale of rations, and because there is no one whose special
duty it is to find them out and to suggest their employ-
ment. A comrnander.in•chief may be a man of consum-
mate genius, capable of attending to everything great or
small, but a nation cannot safely ground its system upon
the assumption that it can at all times command the ser•
vices of suchimen ; and it may be worthy of consideration
whether there ought not to be upon the staff of an army
in the field an officer, holding high military rank, whose
duty it should be to devote his attention to the supply of
the army, who should be responsible for everything con-
nected with the receipt and issue of supplies and stores of
every description, in the same manner as the Quartermas-
ter-General and the Adjutant-General are responsible for
the manner in which their departments are conducted, and
who should be selected with reference to his special quali-
fications.

" The Commissary-General had indeed concluded a con
tract for about 1,000,000 pounds, or about 800 tons of hay,
to be made at Buyook Tehakinedge, on the Sea of Afarmora;
and hydraulic presses wore sent our from England to com-
press it for ship►nont. The contractors failed, it is said, to
complete their contract, and only about GOO or 70. J tons of
hay were made. They appear to have been men without
capital, who borrowed money at a high rate of interest to
carry out their various contracts with the Commissariat.
Their credit was such that it was found necessary to make
an arrangement by which the sums falling duo to them by
the Commissariat were to be paid into the hands of the
banker who advanced the funds. The backer considered
it hazardous to make largo advances to enable them to
carry out a contract for hay which was liable to be rejected
on account of its quality, or because the whole quantity
contracted for had not boon prepared. Objections to ro•
ceive delivery appear to have been raised on both of these
grounds, and payment was, in consequence, withheld.
The contractors having no means of discharging the debt
they hail incurred -to the bankers until they received
the price of the hay, and conceiving, as they assert,
that it had been rejected by the Commissariat, entered
into an arrangement to sell it to the French. The British
Commissariat then claimed it as their property, and appli-
cations were made by both parties to the Porte to compel
delivery of the hay, which each asserted they had pur-
chased. At length it was secured to the British Commis-
sariat. But in the meantime the hydraulic presses had
been erected in the vicinity of Constantinople, more than
15 miles from the place where it had been collected; and
it became necessary to carry the loose hay that distance,
either by land or water, before it could be pressed. This
operation could not be carried on in bad weather, and
thus, by defective arrangements throughout the whole
transaction, the only provision for supplying the army
with hay which had been made in Turkey was rendered
nugatory, at a time when GOO or 700 tons in the Crimea
would have been invaluable. The Commissary-General
admits that if the presses had been erected at the place
where the hay was made he could have fed more animals ;
and there can be little doubt that every addition to the
transport in the Crimea saved the lives of men.
" When the roads or tracks between Balaklava and the
camp broke up about the 20th of November, and became
one great slough of deep and tenacious mud, impassable
for Commissariat carts, the transport power of that depart-
ment was reduced to one-third of its former amount, for
a horse or mule will draw in a cart three times the weight
it can carry on a pack. Even so early as the 14th of No-
vember, the day of the hurricane, the roads had become
difficult, and the transport animals began to suffer. The
Commissary-General then resolved to bring up a part of
the reserve transport which had been left at Varna, and
had subsequently been ordered thence to Constantinople.
At this time, however, ho only contemplated bringing up
250, and the Jason sailed for that purpose on the 26th of
November, and returned to Balaklava on the 16th of
December, having been absent twenty days. The average
passage at that season, including coaling, watering, &e.,
appears to have been about tiftees days. The Jason thus
exceeded the average time by a few days, of which two
may be accounted for by the time occupied in sending for
and bringing in the mules from Tchaktnedge, where they
were recovering from the effects of the journey from
Tame. They had been badly carol for, and many were
utterly useless ; a certain number, however, arrived at
Constantinople, in vary bad condition, about the end of
November ; 250 of the most serviceable were selected to be
shipped in the Jason, but even these appear to have hardly
been considered effective by the Commissariat officers when
they arrived at BalaklaVa.

" While we have considered it our duty to point out
what appear to us to be serious defects in the arragements
of the Commissariat with the army in the Crimea, as well
as the consequences that have resulted front these defects,
we
the(elothneortenffiiexsteo inftfeilarttdht the C
eapartnlsnotm,
hmaivsseafraynGeteinteermal,siocer
any exertion of whieh they wore capable to provide for the
exigencies of the public service according to the measure
of their ability and foresight ; and it is but just to direct
attention to the usual nature of the duties required of them,
where a large army occupied as it were a barren island
which furnishes nothing except water and a limited quan-
tity of firewood. The Coin misseriat, which appears for some
time to have been without a sufficient number of hands,
had also serious difficulties to encounter which could not
have been foreseen. The tempest of the letit of November
was a great disaster, and the peculiarities of the harbour of
Balaklava, whatever may be its advantages, created con-
stant difficulties, especially in landing the vast supplies re-
quired for the army. The broa.king up of the road from
Balaklava to the front, and the impossibility of sparing
from their military duties a sufficient number of men to
make it practicable for Corumissiariat earts, had not been
anticipated or provided for, and the belief, apparently
shared in by the Commissariat, that Sebastopol would
speedily fall, and the campaign in the Crimea terminate,
though not much insisted upon by the witnesses whom we
examined, Wail unquestionably a most influential cause of
many defects in the arrangements. It appears to have been
assumed, till the beginning of November, that any present
inconvenience could be but of short duration, and that any
expedients by which the emergencies of the moment could
be overcome were sufficient for the occasion, A man of
comprehensive views might probably have risen superior
to these disadvantages, and created au organisation suited
to the circutnstances. He would, doubtless, at once have
perceived that the established practice of procuring all
supplies by teuders and contracts is not calculated to draw
forththe
when
rel
ierseodu.re resources
ionfd
iTnagrtkhesyt,
hori s tson
pmp
ikees
Int hnesmt
bavailable
from provinces of
,the resources of which he had little
they could understand, he would probably have turned
to country and its re-
to good account the knowledge of the
of
elcyneonw knowledge, ge,
communicatea7doi inhabitants
hisw ants oi
nf wahnlyc h
languagehe was unable
oven
aand more easily
made found those resources more ample
till lately they were believed to be.
made available than
But it is unreasonable to expect that every man who
Isioeurscsersr,spnotssrshseerd biuys
jaelsatyrfse
Caenndsruelesrcntdabhlee bodywenldpub-
lie
rise to the head of so limited a department, even after
a longcourse
may meritorious
demandt service,
inventive i o
resources display,
eversnd
administrative
ttyi v duties of the department appear
e
of a very high order.
" The purely
to be well performed. The officers attached to divisions
and brigades are generally intelligent and efficient ; seve-
ral of them are men of considerable capacity. The Gene-
rals commanding divisions and brigades, with few excep-
tioun, expressed their satisfaction with the exertions and
services of those officers, and used terms of high common-
the
occasiono
f xpesdation in speaking of some of them, especially of Mr.
eaPower, attached to the Second Division, who was absent
on duty, and whom wo therefore did n' t' see.
" The evidence in regard to some of the subjects of our
inquiry bas not been corrected by the officers last exa-
mined, to whom it was sent for that purpose only the day
before our departure from Balaklava ; and certain written
queries were transmitted at the lame time, the answers to
which will be forwarded to us. When we have received
those papers, and have had an opportunity of examining
in a collected form the whole of the evidence and other de-
cuments, we shall proceed to report upon the matters to
which they relate, so far as they may fall within the limits
assigned to our inquiry by the instructions received from
your lordship.—We have the honour to be, your lordship's
most obedient servants,

LIVERPOOL, FEB. 2. bil.
ill 1 STOCK EXORANGE.—The tono of the market hof 100 i
buoyant to-day, and a considerable attendance. o.osl
(late
head, Lancashire, and Cheshire, 15.4 c.—Ditto u;rs o,
B. VP. shares,) 14—Caledonian, 284—Lank
Yorkshire, 824 i 2 11—London and North ,d 1%/
1014 1 11 I—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln/I to
—South Eastern, Isi 13s. 9.l.—Midlands, 79A i , , 1
Great Western of Cens.'la, 25i i I—Dutch li°l3l
3d. p.—Ditto, new, j 24 3s. Pd. p.

"SUBSTITUTION OF FORTER FOR BUIL
"A very geaeral opinion is expressed both by command.
ing officers and surgeons that to continue the extra rations
of rum which the troops have been receiving would be in-
jurious both to their health and their habits; and there
isa remarkable concurrence of testimony in favour of sub.
stituting porter of good quality for a part of the ration 4 of
rum, or even fur the whole, as well as in favour of enabling
the men to buy good porter," by providing a sufficient
quantity to be supplied at a fixed and moderate price,
while the army is in standing camp, under such regula-
tions as may be considered expedient.
"It cannot, we fear, bo doubted, that many, especially
of the young soldiers, who had no disposition to indulge in
ardent spirits, or to whom the rum was at first even dis-
tasteful, have acquired a habit of dram-drinking by the
use of the rations issued to them ; and it is believed that
the substitution of good portor, which is nutritious, anti-
scorbutic, and, in moderate quantities, on the whole bene-
ficial, would also tond to correct or to prevent the forma.
Lion of habits which are injurious both to health and to die-

MANCHESTER, FEB. 2. dp
STOOK EXCHANGL---The market to-day bar 10°00.1
a fair business, at higher prices, but elesed,o,oo
London and North Westerns 100$—Eastern tibijkli/1
i—Manchester, Sheffield
and Lincoln, 251: 13•1"401 Consols, 71 7W #—South Ea'stern and Dover, I°,oo
—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 824 4 - Groat We;
Canada, 25i—Electric Telegraph Company, 20

a sufficient
neraalliyt
numberhs
sent
nnt
necessity
egoieft4moi
of
i thdspGt
uthei
ieeoarle
:yin
steam-vessel,
rrhae.
.amnevolofniytofnshtrdsotoeerithisl:::
worel .earh2wtrti
sahnsphrpczoglghi
uacifeuerhhvdDeppeo
daonheatpscearpeoperat.
pnmencl
taisabthrephrsec
iedogertroneot2tshop4htefethahots:vai
n,
disposala: i
ill26mli
animals,
atoego fliel
9:lr:whet:,
La
7,i
arhehmtssceee.
wma,-cjitpeneamroprtnsain
aelmoindi
anem,nset,pdiodei
nowltei
yfreahpotet sirureomoylorryha:if
placed at his disposal, and sailed on the 29th for Constan-
tinople. Hi makes it a ground of complaint, with refer-
ence to the reinforcement of the transport in the Crimea,
that, having sick on board for Scutari, she was detained till
the 7th Jan. lauding them; but, having been questioned on
the subject, ho admitted that, after landing the sick at
Scutari, she was sent by the Commissariat, though not by
his orders, to the Sea of Marrnora to take in a cargo of fuel,
and he could not say that she might not have been absent
a week or 10 days for that purpose. The deficiency in the
land transport of the army cannot, therefore, be accounted
for on the ground that he could not obtain sufficient sea
transport to convey the animals he was desirous of bringing
to the camp.
" The want of a road from Bslaklava to the front, pass-
able for commissariat carts, greatly increased the difficulty
of supplying the army after the middle of November ; but
the officers commanding divisions, who were examined upon
the subject, are unanimous in their opinion that it would
have been impossible to employ
to make the road, and at the same time to carry on the
military operations in which the army was engaged. The
only remedy, therefore, was to increase the number of
transport, `finally
was, however, dePre-
transport-animals ; and Lord Raglan, it is stated by the
Quartermaster-General, after ' unceasingly and urgently'
aCtn:hiritnala at Eupatoria, Constantinople,
pt impressinghroepa Ar rm i
my g
tao
sufficiencyup pu or
purchase
h talisee
oV'alin
Commissary-General, who declared he had not
the means of feeding them.'
" In answer to the creation, was the Commissary-General
ea Smyrna,ted by the Sicily, &c . ;
at any time urged to increase the amount of transport ? the
Quartermaster-General says, ' Unceasingly by the Com-
mander of the Forces, personally, and by myself.'
" The real cause of the deficiency of transport appears,
therefore, to have been the want of forage, not the want of
ships or of animals ; and a similar failure to provide the
requisite forage would again limit the number of animals
available for the army in the Crimea, whatever might bo
the number in possession of the Land Transport Corps. It
may be hoped that the formation of that corps will prevent
the recurrence of any similar calamities from the same
cause.

" SUPPLIES OF FOOD NOW ABUNDANT.
"At a future time we shall bo prepared to submit some
suggestions as to the rations of troops in the field; mean-
while we have the honour and satisfaction to roport that,
before oar departure, the supplies of food to the army in
the Crimea werd'abundant, and the diet of the soldier, in
the opinion of those who are best able to judge, batter
than any army in the field has, in any former campaign,
been regularly supplied with. We are able to state that,
in their entire satisfaction with tbe rations now issued,
the mita concur with their officers. The only objection, so
far as we can ascertain, is to the inferior condition of the
cAttle; and the grounds of this objection are in course of
being removed, as the animals are daily improving in con-
dition upon the new grass, which is now abundant in the
grazing countries. Bat as the natives of those countries
are not in the habit of winter-feeding their cattle, they

"JOHN M'NEILL.
" The Bight Hon. TULLOCH, Colonel.
the Lord Patin:lure, G.C.8."

BIRMINGHAM, P. 2. 014
STOOK EXCHANG3I.—The tone of the market scLii 0"
firm to-day, and the prices were advanced. Loti
North Westerns wero quoted at 100-111idland 6r:(10)
Bristol and Birmingham Stock, 131—South Staffer
dis.—Birmingham Old Canals, 90.

* At this time several hundred quarters of buck wheat and
a species of millet seed which had been taken at the capture
of the town were lying in a large stone building close to the
cattle wharf under the castle, and might, it is presumed, hav►
been made available for some of the horses or baggage animals
when there was a difficulty in landing corn from the ships,
but it remained in this store during the whole winter, and
was still there when wo left Balaklava in June, thus unneces-
sarily occupying a building which might have been valuable
as a store for other purposes, besides allowing a most useful
supply for horses or cattle to go to waste.

* Among the reserve .supplies at Scutari which were not
brought over to the Crimea, at a time when they might have
been of the utmost service to troops labouring under scurvy
and insufficient nourishment, were 147,088 gallons of porter,
which remained in store there from the Ist of December,
1851, till April or May last, It might have been impossible
considering the inadequate means of transport, to carry any
portion of this porter to the head-quarter camp, but there
'appears no reason why it should not have been issued to the
troops in the vicinity of Balaklava, as well as the numerous
parties sent there from the camp on fatigue duties, which
would by degrees have extended the supply throughout the
forge in front, without the trouble of carriage. It was ono of
the hardest - consequences of the fatigue duty to Balakiava
that the men had often to remain there for the greater part
of the clay without food ; a piu.t of porter and a biscuit would
have obviated this, and been of material benefit to their health;
such a supply would also have been most valuable for the
sick.

LEEDS, FRB. 2.
Wait
STOCK EXCHANGIE.—A. very moderate bus.nes_,o ,tot-s
Midlands. 704 4—Eastern Counties, 10—North w 'Or,
sl—Thircks, 143—Eastern Union, B, s—Brighter,
Sheffield, 254—Craven Moor, 18s. 3d.--York Mini*
9d.

DUBLIN, F. 2.
. 9° I 9011 i
STOCK EXCITANGE.—Three per Cent. Consols, . 001 Ditto for Account, Feb. 7, 901 I—New Three Perna i Stock, PO/ I 91—Ditto, for Account 7th of Feb., "," i
—Great Southern and Western, 52j—Bank swine
—Waterford and Limerick (501. paid), 221—G041'
Company, 39.

A letter from Odessa of the 19th ult. says :—.‘"'"
Luders has cleanly ively taken the command of the St,
of the South. General Oates-Saeken returns to
Petersburg, and will be replaced in the command
,11f
,00,1"
troops in and around Odessa by General Such°'
The cold is less intense, though the steppes aro
frozen over."

LITERARY PENSION. The Queen has granted an
annual pension of 501., chargeable upon the civil list,
to Mr. John Dalton, of Dublin, the author of several
Irish historical works, including the Army Li*t of King
James 11., the latter not yet completed.
[ADVERTISEMENT.)—Holloway's Ointment and Pills
Excellent Remedies for Abscesses.—Mr. William Alsop,
of the sloop Wesley, informed Mr. Reinhardt, druggist,
Hull, that a child of his had a dreadful abscess on the
thigh, and that the medical men gave him no hopes of
the child's life. Mr. Reinhardt then recommended him
to use Holloway's Ointment ; ha did so, and the abscess
soon healed, and the little patient is now as well and ss
strong as xßy child can be, entirely through the virtues
of the ointment, which are above all prilise.—Sold by all
medicine vendors thronghout the world ; at Professor
Holloway's establishments, 244, Strand, London, and
80, Maiden-lane, Now York ;by A. Starupa, Constan-
tinople ; A. Guidicy, Smyrna; and E, Muir, Malta.

" With respect to deficiencies of forage, which form the
next branch of our report, there is very considerable diffi,
culty in arriving at accurate conclusions, because, previous
to the let of January, no account of snob deficiencies was
kept by the quartermasters of cavalry; but it is admitted,
both by the regimental -and Cornmissirmt officers, that
vory large deficiencies did occur in the hay and chopped