The Sun.
London, England, 1869-03-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 18, 1869.

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said one of the leading unionists, " are made for
men, not for masters. We do not take masters
into account at all. We merely look upon them
as men who step in with their capital, and who want
to get the greatest profit they can out of their capi-
tal while we want to get the greatest profit we can
out of our labour." The commissioners assume that
this is a right statement of the position, and they
have to frame their resolutions accordingly. They
do not disguise their desire that a better feeling pre-
vailed ; they strongly recommend councils of con-
ciliation ; they hope that partnerships of industry
may spread, though they evidently have not much
faith in a principle which makes no arrangement for
a due participation in losses on the part of the workmen.
Whether that objection proves fatal to the system or
not, it is one which will spread very slowly. In the
meanwhile the need of immediate action is urgent.
The measures which are recommended assume that
trades unions will continue, and are intended to
make those bodies less offensive in their operation,
without impairing their efficiency. The commis-
sioners admit the right of working men to combine
as much as that of masters ; nay, it is even more
right for the first to combine, because the working
man singly is much weaker than the master singly.
They would, therefore, repeal those laws which make
combination unlawful, except in so far as it is
intended to promote unlawful acts. Mr. HuGuEs
and Mr. HARRISON would make no reser-
vation, and trust to the criminal law for
dealing with such acts. All the commissioners
are for giving legal protection to the funds of trades
unions. But in doing this they would protect the
members, not only against fraudulent officials, but
also against what may be called an honest misappro-
priation of funds. The objects of unions are two-fold :
the provision of sick relief and the other benefits of
a friendly society, and the furnishing of funds for
carrying on strikes. The amount of money necessary
for the first object is easily determined by the ordi-
nary tables ; but the second object is necessarily an
uncertain one ; and if the two be mixed up together,
both must be uncertain. As a matter of fact, two of
the largest and most important trade societies in the
kingdom, generally looked upon as models in con-
stitution and management—the Amalgamated Society
of Carpenters and Joiners and the Amalgamated
Society of Engineers are, as regards their engage-
ments as benefit and friendly societies, already in a
state of insolvency. The remedy for this is a com-
plete separation of the two accounts, and the regis-
tration of unions under the Friendly Societies' Act,
together with the publication of their balance-
sheets.

These recommendations refer to the relations
between the unions and their members ; far more
important are those between the unions and non-
members. These may be either employers or
employed. As regards the second, the commissioners
say that "the workmen who think it for their
advantage to combine together in a disposal of their
labour are no more justified in constraining
any other workman, who does not desire
such an association, to combine with them—
to bring his labour into common stock with
theirs—than an association of capitalists is in constrain-
ing an individual capitalist to bring his capital into
common stock with theirs; and it is the more impor-
tant that the law should protect the non-unionist
workman in his right freely to dispose of his labour
as he thinks fit, because, standing alone, he is the
less able to protect himself." Knob-stick is
ill-treated because he is supposed to be a traitor
to his class ; but that is merely a private
opinion on the part of the members of that
class, and cannot be recognised by the law.
We need scarcely add that the commissioners there-
fore disapprove of pickets ; while as for rattening and
murder, they are criminal acts punishable by the
common law, and, a fortiori, snore atrocious. But
the master has to be protected as well as his work-
men. Therefore any attempt to make him
discharge an unpopular foreman, who may,
perhaps, have become unpopular by reason
_ b;. ---

. .
ought to be considered illegal. In a word, there are
four objects to which unions at present devote them-
selves which the commissioners disapprove—pre-
venting the employment, or limiting the number, of
apprentices in a trade ; (2) preventing or limiting
the use of machinery; (3) preventing any workman
from taking a sub-contract, or working by the
piece, or working in common with non-union
men ; (4) the interference of one union in
a dispute between an employer and the members of
another union. There will be no doubt in the public
mind that the three first of these objections are well
sustained. The fourth is, perhaps, more open to
question. But the general tendency of the report is
eminently fair and conciliatory. There is abundant
reason, though, we are afraid, less hope, that the re-
port will be accepted by the employed as a just
settlement of the present dispute betwe en them and
their employers.

7HE BENEvoLEN7 'SOCIETY OF ST.
PA? RICK.

Yesterday being St. Patrick's Day, the anniver-
sary dinner of this society Was held in Willis's-
rooms, St. James's ; the Earl of Cork and Orrery,
K.P., in the chair.

The society was founded in the year 1784, and
has for its object the improvement of the condition
of the children of poor deserving Irish parents re-
sident in London. Amongst the company present
were the Marquis of Clauricarde, K.P. ; the Earl
of Darnley, the Earl of Erne, the lion. E. O'Neill,
M.P. ; the Right Hon. Colonel Wilson-Patten,
M.P. ; Sir R. Howard (treasurer), Sir Leopold
M'Clintock, Mr. T. Meyrick, M.P. ; Mr. F.
M'C
; Mr. Sergeant Sleigh, Colonel
lcuirlea,rleAyl.,P Mr. E. Haviland Burke, M.P. ;
Mr. i‘p
Hogg, the Hon. W. Massey, and Capt. Corscadden,
Queen's Westminster Rifles. The Knights of St.
Patrick wore the insignia of their order.
After a dinner that gave the utmost satisfaction
—and most deservedly so—the customary loyal and
professional toasts were given, Colonel Hogg re-
sponding for the army, Sir L. M'Clintock fur the
navy, and Mr. Charley, M.P., for the Volunteers.
In proposing the toast of the evening, "The Bene-
volent Society of St. Patrick," the noble chairman
pleaded forcibly in behalf of the charity. He re-
minded the guests that the society was founded in
1784 for the purpose of improving the condition of
the children of poor but deserving Irish parents re-
sident in London. Four hundred children of either
sex were now in the schools of the society,where, in
addition to a plain but useful education they have the
advantage of good clothing and a substantial daily
meal during the winter months. The care of these
children does not cease when they leave school, but
after being fitted for respectable employment they
are watched over during several subsequent years
and annually commended and awarded it their em-
ployers report favourably of their conduct. The
past year, in the opinion of the sub-committee, had
been a prosperous one for the society, partly in
consequence of the presence of the Prince of
Wales at the last
anniversary dinner. The toast
was warmly
we-cowed, and, as usual, it was fol-
lowed by the usual collection of subscriptions.
" The Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland" was next pro-
posed, the Chairman observing that though he
thought in these days of telegraphy the office was
little more than a sinecure, he must say that the late
Government had a singul rly excellent choice in the
selection of the Duke of Abercoin— (loud applause)
—and he also thought that the present Lord Lieu-
tenant would carry on the Government of Ireland
in a fair and impartial spirit, and with a determi-
nation to do justice between the various views and
creeds. (Hear, hear.) The list of subscriptions !
and donations amounted to £572. One or two
other toasts followed, and the company dispersed.
Mr. C. Coote's band performed a charming selec-
tion of national airs during dinner and afterwards.
The speeches were interspersed with sings by Miss
Banks, Miss Eyles, Mr. W. Coates, Mr. J. W.
Fielding, &c.

The French are now importing large quantities
of Duuvine'e old Irish whisky.

THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY ON
_FOREIGN MISSIONS

On WeLinesday night the Archbishop of Canterbury
presided at a crowded meeting of the supporters of the
Church Missionary Society. The most rev, chairman
spoke at some length of the representations of those who
argued that missions should be promoted at home rather
than abroad. Satirists might represent that I Teause
foreign missions were advocated, home duties were
neglect, cl, but experience had proved that those who
were most anxious to extend the spiritual agencies at
home were equally zealous in their desires to increase their
influence abroad. He reminded those present of Christ's
command to preach the Gospel in every land, and urged
that extending Christian sympathy to other lands did not
deprive the people of our own country of the advantage of
Christian instruction. If they felt interested in those
who had but few opportunities of grace, how much more
should they feel sympathy with those who had none !
He denied the frequently reiterated statement that
the pr, -ess of foreign missions was not commensurate
with t:: expenditure they involved. Even if such
were the case they should not relax in their efforts,
for the seed lying in the ground for a time might
at length burst forth. Light might conic when it was
least expected. The testimony of residents in India had
been adduced to prove the case to which he had referred.
As well might the testimony of some members of West-
end clubs be taken to prove that no distress prevailed in
Bethnal Green. He had himself received a letter from
Madras very recently, in which it was stated that 19
natives had been ordained deacons within a short time,
the addition of which to the number already existing
making a total of 50 native clergy in the province. Not
only were the poor of India becoming converts, but also
some persons of family and " caste." He exhorted them,
instead of relinquishing the enterprise they had under-
taken, to renew their exertions to promote its ultimate
success.

'HE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK ON THE

RITUAL JUDGMENT.

The Eastern Morning News publishes a letter of the
Archbishop of York upon the recent Ritual judgment.
It is sent in answer to inquiries on the subject from Canon
Brooke. "W. Ebor " writes : "I had hoped that the
bishops might have agreed upon some general advice to
address to the clergy, as to the results which seem to many
to follow from the cause of Mr. Ma elconochie. But it has
been thought desirable that each bishop should address
his own diocese. This I hope soon to have an opportunity
of doing in a snore formal manner, in my charge ; but in
the meantime I send you the following suggestions

The judgment decided only the two points before the
court—that lights were not to be used on the communion
table in the day time, and that the minister was not at
liberty to kneel or prostrate himself at the communion
table during the use of the Prayer of Consecration. A
great deal more has been inferred from it, but it must be
remembered that a judgment should always be construed
exactly, and should not be made the premises of every
possible inference that may seem deducible from it.
For example, some have found in this judgment a
justification for turning the back upon the people during
the Prayer of Consecration. But this was never argued
before the court, which would have had, before
deciding it, to consider on which side is `before
the table,' since that another rubric leaves the precise
position of the table undefined ; also, whether, ' before the
table' means more than at the table,' an interpretation
made very probable by the Welsh translation of our
Prayer book ; also, how the priest, so standing,
can consecrate the elements ' before the peo:.-de,' if that
means in the sight of the people, as most people think
it does. T arnestly advise all the clergy eo have
hitherto consecrated at the north side of the table to
continue that practice, which I believe to be the right
one, and which in this diocese has had till just lately
the witness of universal custom in its favour. And, gene.
rally. I venture to advise the clergy to abstain from
making sudden changes in the mode of celebrating the
services, in view of the coming report of the Ritual
Commission, and the possibility of legislation founded
thereupon. If any of my brethren feel himself
in any doubt or difficulty, I shall be glad to advise
him privately upon any question he may submit to me.—

Earnestly praying God to guide and bless you in all your
'abours."

LAW AND POLICE.

THE EARL OF DURHAM.—The Lord Chancellor on

Wednesday heard an appeal in the case of Charlton v.
the Earl of Durham. It will be remembered that some
time ago Vice-Chancellor James decided in the ears s
•r"I " • WWI the sum of £2,500,
with interest, paid by the Earl to one of the executors of
his creditor. This executor gave the receipt in due form,
but appropriated the money, and his co-executor
demanded another payment from the Earl of
Durham. The Lord Chancellor dismissed the appeal,
with costs, without calling on the counsel for the defence.

RATING IN TILE NEW MEAT MARKET.-At Guildhall, on
Wednesday, several salesmen holding premises in the new
meat market were summoned for non-payment of rates.
The point in dispute was their liability, as they had under.
stood that all rates and taxes were included in the rent
they paid to the Corporation of London. The summonses
were adjourned for a fortnight, to allow an answer to be
received from the Corporation on the subject.

AN INGENIOUS FRAUD.—On Wednesday a letter stamper
in the Post Office was charged at Bow-street on two
summonses—one for having removed unoblitcrated stamps
upon certain envelopes, and the second for having supplied
obliterated stamps in their places. Fines of £lO and £5
were inflicted for these offences.

INHUMAN PARENTS.—A painful case of parental cruelty
was heard at the Lewes Assizes, where a man named
francis Jones, a lodging,-house keeper at Hastings, was
indicted for cruelly beating with a cane his little crippled
child, 21 years old. The evidence strewed that both father
and mother disliked the poor child, and ill-treated it,
and the surgeons who had examined it proved that
it had been severely beaten. The child has since
died, though the charge was for ill-treatment, not for
causing death. The man was found guilty, and the judge,
after severely censuring him, sentenced him to twelve
mouths' hard labrmr.

A STARVING FLOCK OF SHEEP.—A large farmer, having
.and both at Nelmerby and Azerley, in the neighbour.
hood of Ripon, has been convicted by a county magistrate
of cruelty to a number of sheep. Towards the close of
lust year he sent 248 sheep on to the land at Azerley. It
was very bare of herbage, and the shepherd told his em-
ployer that the sheep were starving. The defendant pro-
mised to send some cotton-cake, and other fodder; but he
neglected to do so, and the sheep began to die. The shep-
herd threw up his employment, and carcasses of dead sheep
were seen lying here and there on the farm. The officers c 4
the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals were
made aware of the case, and when they saw the defendant
he offered them £lOO not to prosecute him. Forty or fifty
sheep died from hunger, and the magistrate considered the
case so disgraceful that he felt disposed to commit the
defendant to gaol. However, he inflicted a penalty of
£2los. for each of the sheep, besides costs. The defendant
had to pay altogether £55 Bs. 4d., and at the request of the
gentleman representing the prosecutors, £25 out of it was
paid over to the treasurer of the Ripon Dispensary instead
of to the informer.

A corrected report of the speech delivered by Mr.
Gladstone on the introduction of the Irish Church Bill,
March 1, will be pul lished by Mr. Murray.

Baron Tauchnitz has already sold five editions of
five thousand each of Tischendorf's English New Testa-
ment, which we lately brought to the notice of ou.
readers.

The Countess of Derwentwater has, it is said,
instituted a suit in the Queen's Bench in support of hei
claim, " Radcliffe v. Pattison," but this cannot come on
till after the Easter Term. Whether the facts of the
Countess's claim will be gone into on that occasion, or
the mere right of obstructing the highway, remains to be
seen. Mr. Manisty, Q.C., and Mr. Mellish, Q.C., are
opposed in this cause, being retained to argue for the
respective parties.

in extraordinary swindle has been discovered at
Liberton, near Edinburgh, by which a publican was swin-
dled out of £l5. A barrel of whisky came into his posses.
sion, when it was found that about half a gallon of whisky
was contained in a tube placed immediately beneath the
bunghole, and that outside the tube the barrel was filled
with water. A number of other cases of a similar cha-
racter have recently occurred in the district. The police
are making exertions to discover the offenders.
A DOMESTIC DitAmA.--In what has been called
the " Agony Column " of the Times we have seldom en-
countered a more succinct and comprehensive drama of
private life than that which the subjoined advertisement
seems to disclose to the malicious curiosity of a scandal-
loving public : "P D C E.—Papa has arrived. Knows
`all.' I refused your name. Fearful scene. Proposed.
Accepted. Should we meet, ` Remember,' utter strangers.
Don't write, unsafe. Pity and forget me. Farewell for
ever,—Greenwich." Like the sensation pieces of the
period, this is a vague yet compact sketch of a series of
powerful situations, wanting only the aid of scenery, and
leaving the dialogue to the reader's imagination. Suiely
the young lady might have found it safe to commit her
everlasting farewell to the penny post, instead of adver-
tising it for the benefit of young ladies in general whom
DOM I.loletiCtlOW "

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firl Vf#' k-thr#

HER MAJESTY.

WINDSOR CASTLE, March 17.

The Queen, accompanied by Princess. Beatrice
and Prince Leopold, drove out yesterday after-

noon.

Her Majesty, attended by the Duchess of Box.
burgh, went out this tnorning.
Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice also wens
out.

LAIEST INTELL LGENCE

(REU-ER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE CAPE MAIL.

PLYMOUTH, March 18.
The Cape hail steamer Briton, from the Cape
on the 4th ult., arrived here during the night. She
brings 51 passengers and 52 sacks of mails, which
were forwarded by the 3.15 special train. Her
dates are St. Helena, 12th Feb. ; Ascension, 17th ;
Madeira, 4th March; and Vigo, 14th.
The Briton's detention arose through the con-
tinued bead winds. Captain Ker was left at
Madeira ill, and the vessel has been brought on by
chief officer Vyogan.

At the Cape the Rev. W. K. Macrorie had been
consecrated Bishop of the Province of Cape Town

on January 25.

Dr. Macrorie left on February 2 for Natal.
More diamonds have been found in the Vaal

district.

The Briton arrived out on January 21, and the
Celt January 28.

SPAIN.

MADRID, March 17.

The whole Republican party protests against the
outbreak at Xeres de la Frontera.

It is positively stated that the conscription was
only a pretext for the disturbances, which were
really instigated by the -reactionists, who distri-
buted large sums of money for that purpose.

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, March 18,

The iVeue Facie Presse announces that Count
Beust has gone to Trieste iu order to be present at
the Imperial audience granted to Count Della Rocca,
the Italian Envoy Extraordinary.
In reference to the above, the same paper denies
the truth of the current assertion that negotiations
are pending for an alliance between Austria and
Italy under the ...7Egis of France merely an approach
to closer friendly relations between Austria and
Italy having been achieved.

The Neue Free Presse states that, according to
advices from Berlin, those soldiers of infantry regi-
ments who joined the army in 1866 will be sent to
their homes in June instead of autumn, when the
full period of their three years' service would have
expired.

INDIA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN
MAILS.

MESSINA, March 18.
The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Pera passed through the Straits of Mes6ina, at 11
last night, en route for Marseilles.