The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-11 00:00:00

(Nc. 20,118.)

[

ITAMPED

sn.

PUBLICATIONS.

appointment of a committee to consider whether the tax
might not be levied on a principle of greater equality. The
income tax was now 16d. in the pound. It was provided
that that rate of taxation should be maintained for the
financial year after the preliminaries of peaco were ex-
changed. The financial year commenced on sth April; the
conditions of peace were signed on the 30th Marcb,"but the
ratifications were not exchanged till the 21st or 22d April,
so that the 16d. income tax was thrown upon the people
until 1858. Now, they must get rid of that tax. He found
from official returns that the revenue for the year ending
30th Sept. last was 71,300,0( o'. Nov, the expenditure
for the last year of peace, 1853, was 55,400,0001., which
was considerably more than the average of the preceding
20 years, and if the Government would not expencl more
during the next year, 18z-g, than they did in 1853, they
would have at least a balance of 15,950,0001:, so that they
would be able to dispense with the 16d. incense tax, which
produced 15,91..4000/., and still have a balance of
10,00 Y. to spare. ("Hear, hear," and cheers.) If,
however, Lord Palmerston insisted upon saddling the
country with a larger standing army, and thus increasing
the expenditure of 1857 beyond that of 1853, he would not
deserve the support of the people, and it would depend on
the pressure exercised by the people upon Parliament ishe-
tiler the noble lord should pursue such a course or not.
(Loud cheers.) After thanking the meeting for the kind-
ness with which they had heard him, Mr. Williams re-
susued his seat amid loud cheers.
An ELECTOR said that, as the House of Lords had
ejected some important clauses of the Metropolis Local
Management Bill, he wished to know whether it was not
possible to deal with that house as Oliver Cromwell
had done —to abolish the house, and send the members to
tie right about ? (Cheers and laughter.) -
Mr. WILLIAMS was not aware 'of any' 'power which
would enable his friend to carry out his wishes. He must
say, however, that the Lords had shown more obstructive.
ness during the last session than on any occasion within
his recollection; and they had not only thrown out im-
portant measures, but they had opposed the undoubted
right and prerogative of the Crown with regard to the crea-
tion of life peers. (Hear, hear.)
Dr. BUSHELL observed it was possible that during the
ensuing session a demand might be made upon Parliament
for a provision for the Princess Royal, on her marriage
with the Prince of Prussia. Ho thought they ought to be
very cautious in dealing with regard tosuch a matter, with
a State which had been opposed to this country during the
late war. (Loud cheers.) He could not expect a decided
answer, but he would like to know what were the views
of the hon. member on the subject.

TUB TREATY OF-PARIS.

had 'dechered,•that the town of Bolgrad, which it was
iinpbrtant should be preserved toßussia, was the capital
of tlie Bulgarian cola/4155. :
";Ll this ayoaeat there was, neither concealment, mis-
understanding, nor deceit. 'The bengress, in'adhering to
the desire- expreeSed llofthe RUESiat Plenipotentiaries,
performed an aetlof equity md.wisdorce In fact, its de-
cision upon the (Lunation of BOlgrad brought the discus-
sions to a close. Art. was drawn up conformably to
the re elution taken at the ,sitting of the 10th March.
The Russian Plenipotentiaries thought right, however,
to make a reserve of the approbation of their Court.
That approbaticin was announced by Count Orloff in the
sitting of 14th March, Prot. IX.
"In this grave deliberation it may be said the una-
nimity of opinion (accord) of the Plenipotentiaries at
the Conference was complete. Doubtless, the Cabi-
nets by ratifying the acts of their Plenipotentiaries, had
not the intention of questioning or disavowing the spirit
of equity and harmony which presided over their labours.
"The first motive of dissent arose when the delegates
had visited the localities ; they then found that the
town of Bolgrad, instead of being situate at some dis-
tance from lake Yalpuck, as was indicated upon all the
maps, touched the northern extremity of the lake.
"The position thus ascertained on the spot gave rise
to a difference of opinion between the respective dele-
gates as regarded the crossing of the frontier line en-
trusted to their care.
",The Russian delegates proposed to take as demarca-
tion* limit the valley line (Thalweg), leaving the left
shore of the lake to Russia, the right shore to Moldavia.
" Tbis combination was deemed inadmissible by the
other Commissioners. Irrtheir opinion, access to the
lake open on the left bank to Russia might engender the
fear of the Imperial Government forming a flotilla upon
the lake, the presence of which might some day be an
impediment to the free navigation of the Danube.
"This supposition, we may be allowed to say, did not
tally in reality with the nature of the locality. Moreover,
if the project of the Russian Commissioners had been
admitted all subject of anxiety would have been removed
before hand by the express condition, that a single
brandwachl (boat) should be allowed for the use of the
Russian authorities, to be kept at a fixed station, for the
use of the custom and sanitary officers. Such a condi-
tion would surely have excluded the slightest anxiety
respecting the free navigation of the Danube.
"Nevertheless the proposal of the Russian delegates
met with decided opposition. The French Commissioner,
with a view to conciliate conflicting opinions, suggested

(From the Times.)

A portion of the following appeared in our impression
of yesterday :

A document was addressed by the Russian Go-
, vernment at the latter end of October to all the
Powers that signed the Treaty of Paris. It was
accompanied by a circular requesting the recon-
vocation of the Paris Conferences. This memoran-
; dum is an expose of the steps taken by the Cabinet
of St. Petersburg with a view to the fulfilment of
the Articles 20 and 21 of the Treaty of the 30th of
March. It is as follows :
"Protocol No. I, of the 4th of April, ordains that the
commissioners who, according to the terms of the 20th
Article of the Treaty of Peace, are to proceed to the
boundary of the new frontier in Bessarabia, are to meet
at Galatz on the 6th of May, to accomplish without
delay the mission intrusted to them.
"In that same sitting the Russian Plenipotentiaries
declared that the Russian authorities would make over,
as soon as that operation was terminated, to the Molda-
vian authorities such portion of territory as, accordinc, to
the new frontier line, was to be annexed to Moldavia.
"Article 20 defines the new frontier :--
" 'lt will start from the Black Sea at one kilometre
east of the Lake of Bouvna-Sola, will rejoin perpendi-
cularly the Akermann-road, will follow that road to the
Valley of Trajan, will pass south of Bolgrad, will run
alongside the River Yalpuck as far
`as the heights of
Saraszika, and will terminate at ICatainori, on the Prat).
Above this point the old frontier between the two coun-
tries remains xnchanged.'
"In virtue of this same article the delegates of the
contrasting Powers were called to fix the line in all its
details.
"It will suffice to read carefully the text of those stipu-
lations to be convinced that they refer to a boundary on
the main land, but that they are not applicable to the
state of possession of an island situated in the open sea.
"This reflection is also applicable to the discussion
raised on the subject of the Isle of Serpents. It is not
the text which gave rise to this difficulty ; it arises from

its silence.
" In fact, no express stipulation of the treaty has
either annexed to Moldavia or adjudged to Turkey that
island, in the possession of which Russia incontestably
was before the rupture.
"Naw, in matter of right, if there is to be a transfer
of any territory from one possessor to acotber, it is
necessary that the Treaty of Peace should authorise this
change by a stipulation clearly expressed. Silence
neither legitimises abandonment on one part, nor acquisi-
tion on the other. In this point of view the Russian
Cabinet, on the restoration of peace, thought it not only
a right but a duty to re-establish on the Isle of Serpents
the lighthouse, maintained at its expense before the war,
in the general interests of international commerce and
navigation. So as to take this administrative measure
in perfect regularity, the Russian envoy at Paris was
ordered to inquire whether the Isle of Serpents was still
occupied either by France or by England.
"This preliminary information, acquired in the month

a new plan—to make a high road— (chaussee) along the
shore of the lake, and thus to separate the town of Bol-
grad from the shores of Lake Yalpuck, with the excep-
tion of permission to the inhabitants to have access to

the borders of the lake for their daily wants.
" By this combination the whole lake would remain
Moldavian, while the town of Bolgrad, the capital of the
colonies, would remain in the possessio❑ of Russia.
" The Imperial Cabinet of Russia did not hesitate

Mr. WILLIAMS said he could not, of course, give a dis-
tinct answer to the question, as he did not kuo vs, what pro-
position the Government might submit to Parliament. He
had heard an amount mentioned which, in his opinion, was
perfectly ridiculous. Whenever a proposition was made on
the subject they might depend upon it he would do all he
could to protect the pockets of his constituents, for he
thought very little of their money ought to go in the di-
rection indicated by the gentleman who had put the ques-
tion. (Cheers and laughter.)
In reply to other questions,

to give its consent to this proposal, which con-
ciliated all interests and all mutual considerations.
The Austrian, English, and Turkish delegates
were not authorised to rdopt this compro-
mise. In their opinion the frontier line, instead
of passing south of Ellgrad, the capital, as understood
by the Congress, and as stated in Art. 20 of the Treaty,
ought to be drawn south of the place named Tabak (see
map annexed to the preliminary conventio❑ of 30th
August.) A much-to-be-regretted controversy has arisen
on this point.

of June from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of France
and from the Eoglish Amba.sador, proved with what
good faith the Imperial Government aimed at the re.
establishment of the status qao, while nothing then autho-
rised the supposition that it would be a subject of dis-
pute.

Mr. WILLIAMS said that the opinions of his constituents
were so much divided with regard to the opening of the
Crystal Palace on Sunday that he had felt it his duty to
abstain from interfering in the matter. He approved the
proposition of the Board of Works to borrow 4,000,000 i.
on the security of the rates, to be repaid in 50 years, for
carrying out the system of sewerage.
Mr. GREY then moved a resolution expressing the satis-
faction of the meeting with the public conduct of Mr. Wil-
liams, and their thanks for his exertions in Parliament.
The resolution was seconded by Mr. C. EVANS, sup-
ported by Mr. MURROUGH, ALP., and adopted.
Mr. H. J. SLACK moved and Mr. G. HILL seconded a
resolution declaring that the expenditure of the country
was wasteful and extravagant, and that if the Government
could be forced by the pressure of public opinion to keep
the accounts in an honest, intelligible manner, and cause
them to be efficiently audited, a saving of many millions
a year could be effected, and the income tax might bo en-
tirely removed or very greatly diminished.
The resolution was agreed to.
On the motion of Mr. GREEN, a resolution was adopted
expressing the opinion of the doctors of Lambeth, " that
the ensuing session of Parliament will be a favourable time
for the Ministers to introduce a bill for extending the elec-
tive franchise and the taking of vote by ballot, as well as
for a general revision of the taxation of the country and
an amendment of the existing commercial laws, which pro-
tect the criminal while they punish his victinis."
The proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the
chairman,
_ - _

"Having ascertained that during the operations of the
war, and at the time of the signing of the peace, the
island had remained unoccupied, the Russian authorities
made preparations for relighting the lighthouse, whe❑
they were informed that a Turkish detachment bad taken
possession of the island towards the middle of June with-
out any act of formality.
"This incident occurred even before the delegates of
the contracting Powers had terminated their labours of,
tracing out the frontier line undertaken in execution of
Articles 20 and 21 of the treaty.
"Eren should the interpretation of these articles have
given rise to a difference of opinion, that dcubt should,
at all events, have been solved by common agreement be-
tween the contracting Powers. One of them could not
on its own authority decide a point of litigation raised as
regards a stipulation forming part of a European trans-
action, which all the Cabinets had signed, and of which
they were all witnesses, guarantees, and judges.
"Tile work of peace being the result of their united
efforts, it was also necessary that their united concurrence
should insure its faithful execution.

"A. few words will suffice to elucidate the question by
placing it in its true light. The place called Tabak is
❑ot the central point of the administration of the Bul-
garian Colonies. FJr many years the town of Bolgrad
has been the capital. Church, school, government,
population, are all concentrated in Bolgrad. Tabak, as
all the delegates were able to ascertain, does not, there-
fore, in any manner respond to the intention avowed
openly, in which the Russian Plenipotentiaries asked,
and which the other Plenipotentiaries united at the Con-
gress granted, that Bolgrad should remain in the pos-
session of Russia. •

" This is a simple question of good faith. If the line
should be drawn south of Tabak it would be drawn coo-
trary to the spirit and to the letter of the text. Bolgrad
would be separated from the colonies, while it was agreed
that that town should remain annexed to them. I❑ a
word, the treaty of the 30,h March would not be car

ried out conformably to the idea which presided over
that transaction.

" In this state of affairs the Emperor is of opinion
that the most honourable part to take is to appeal to the
consciences of the Cabinets that signed the Treaty of
Paris.

" With this conviction the Imperial Cabinet did not
hesitate for a moment to express the necessity of reserv-
ing to a conference assembled at Paris the examination
of the decision of the controversy which arose on the
subject of the Isle of Serpents at the end of the month
of July.
"Instructions sent by order of the Emperor to Baron
Brunow, under date of the 4th of August, ordered that
Minister to propose to the French Cabinet the immediate
meeting of a conference to decide to whom the He of
Serpents belonged.
" In submitting this point of 'dispute to the Powers
that signed the treaty the Imperial Cabinet—stated-
that the island, which is of no military or political
value to Russia, has no other importance than that
which results from the maintenance of the lighthouse,
which is of . indispensable necessity to c3inmerce,
especially to that of Odessa ; that the seizure by a single
party, without the consent of the last possessor, does not
constitute a legal claim, as the treaty is completely silent
on the subject.; finally, that to remedy this mistake it
was requisite that the representatives of the contracting
Powers should meet, reserving for their decision a ques-
tion which had not acquired the authority of a thing
ciecided by the acts of the Congress.
" At this period the opportuneness of a deliberation in
common seemed also to be appreciated by the Cabinets
of Vienna and of London.

" Consequently', by order of his Majesty, the Russian
Envoy on a mission extraordinary to his Majesty the
Emperor of the French had the honour of addressing to
the Minister of Foreign Affairs, under date of Sept. 19,
an official note, reiterating a request for the convocation
of p. Conference, consisting of the representatives of all
the contracting Powers.
" Agreeing to 'this request the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, in the,name ot- his Government, has invited the

what means the assent of the allies was obtained.

FATAL ACCIDENT AT THEe7OO.DS STATION
OP THE GREAT NORTHERLY RAILWAY.

other babilfrotail-442,--alacide, P_cax-taxiu atluttvi Ala the.,
°lots which have hitherto remained in suspense.
o as o give to this diplomatic meeting the cha•
ratter and the merit of a final solution of all the questions
in dispute, Count Walewski asked Baron Brunow
whether the Court of Russia, participating in this deli-
beration, was decided to abide by a majority of votes.
"To this question, transmitted by telegraph to St.
Petersburg, the Imperial Cabinet sent, back an imme-
diate reply in the affirmative.

Yesterday afternoon, Mr. Wakley, the coroner, held
an inquest at the Queen's Arms, Caledonian-road, Is-
lington, touching the death of a man, named Thomas
Billett, a labourer in the potato department of the goods
station of the Great Northern Railway, at York-road,
King's-cross, who died on Friday last, in the Great
Northern Hospital, from the effects of injuries sustained
by being jammed between the buffers of two goods
trucks, on Tuesday, the 2d inst.
After the coroner had heard some preliminary evi-
dence, he thought that the inquiry assumed so important
a character, that he despatched the jury, in charge of
Mr. Tubbs, the summoning officer, to view the place,
and obtain, if possible, a knowledge as to how the acci-
dent occurred.

" The) -sentiment of confidence which dictated it is
honourable for the cabinet from which that reply ema-
nates, and for the Powers to which it is addressed.

Four of them—France, England, Sardinia, and Turkey
—were a short time since engaged in a sanguinary
struggle agtinst Russia ; and now the Cabinet of St.
Petersburg does not hesitate to trust to the honesty of
the votes of those same Powers. In the same manner
she seeks those of Austria and Prussia.

" While this plan was the subject of confidential com-
munications between the different contracting Powers
the urgency of an immediate meeting of their represen.
tatives was evinced by a new incident. It resulted from
the difference of opinion between the delegates of the
contracting Powers charged with tracing the new Bessa-
rabian frontier.

Tile Great Northern Railway Company have a large
shed at the goods station, about four hundred feet long
and one hundred feet wide, which is appropriated exclu•
bively tl the unloading and sale of potatoes as a whole-
sale market. There are four lines of rails upon which
the potato trucks run. Crossing the lines diagonally are
four turn-tables, upon which the trucks are shifted from
one line to another as occasion may require. The acci-
dent, which occurred in the most singular manner
imaginable, happened as follows : There were two
trucks upon the turn-tables adjoining each other, one
being at rest, and the second swinging round. The de-
ceased was standing close by looking on between the
two waggons, when at the same instant another man, who
attends the market as an occasional dealer, came sud-
denly up to the second turn-table, and the truck, being
in the full sweep round, one of its buffers struck him so
forcibly as to knock him with considerable violence
against the deceased man Billett, which stayed his further
progress. Billett, however, receiving the blow unawares
and unexpectedly from the other man, was driven against
one of the buffers of the first truck, which was in a state
of rest, and, before he could recover himself, the second,
which was in motion all this time, caught him across the
belly, and between ne buffers of both trucks he was
jammed so severely as to cause death. He was ulti-
mately removed to the Great Northern Hospital, but his
injuries were so severe that he expired in a few days.
•When the jury visited the station, Mr. Field, the
company's manager in that part of the station, complied
with the request of Mr. Tubbs, the summoning officer,
g on
and had two trucks placed upon the turn-tables, exactly
the
leve
l as th in the position which they occupied at the time the acci-
adnentto)kplace.being Fromn this
same vas
easilyseene therails
d turn-tables
general
floor of the shad, that no precautions in the form of rail
or fence would be of the least utility in preventing simi-
lar accidents in future, whilst such intended safeguards
would greatly interfere with and incommode the ordinary
commercial business of the market.
Upon the return of the jury, the Coroner asked if any,
and what, suggestions could be proposed to prevent a
recurrence of these accidents

" All the Cabinets that signed the treaty of Paris have
thus been called upon to give a faithful and sincre inter-
pretation to the engagements contracted in common.
" For its part the Court of Russia has the satisfaction
of feeling that it facilitated their execution, that it even
went beyond the obligations which fell to its lot from the
text of the Treaty of Peace. Here is the proof thereof :
" The Ottoman Porte expressed the wish that the
islands of the delta of the Danube might be placed under
her direct authority, instead of being annexed to Mol-
davia, as arranged by Article 21. The other Powers
supported that request. The Court of Russia declared
its willingness to adhere to it.

^"
If hitherto their labours bad tended towards a
satisfactory and prompt conclusion, it is fair to point out
the part taken by Russia towards that result.
" Whenever the delegates for the settlement of the
frontier line came upon a local difficulty, which they could
not settle on their own responsibility, an immediate de-

cision, sent by order of the Czsr, raised their doubts and
rendered their work easy in a perfect spirit of con.
ciliation. In support of this truth it will suffice to
mention two facts. .

" It also showed an equal desire of removing the
difficulties which arose on the subject of the state of
possession of the Serpents' Island, upon which the
Treaty of Paris was silent. This question cannot give
rise to any controversy as soon as the representatives of
the signing Powers mat in conference shall be called
upon to give it a final solution by common consent.
" The Court of Russia has learnt that the delegates
charged to trace the Bessarahian frontier have been oc-
cupied with the importance which the position of Bolgrad
might acquire in a military point of view. As soon as
this was made known to the Emperor his Majesty
deigned to authorise his commissaries to declare that it
was not his intention to fortify that town.
" Finally, in the expectation of the decisions of the
Conference of Paris on the points which remain to be
settled to terminate the tracing of the new frontier, the
Emperor has given orders to his commissaries that as
soon as the labours of the commission are over on the
spot itself, the territory which falls to Moldavia is to be
immediately made over to the Moldavian authorities,
without delay, and even without waiting for the signing
of the final convention.'

W" According to Art. 20 the neT frontier, starting
at one kilometre from the lake of Bourna-Sola, was
to rejoin perpendicularly the Akermann road. That
line cut in two Lake Hadji-Ibrahim, and left Lake
Basiriam entirely to Russia. The inspection of the
localities showed the defect of such delimitation.
"The Imperial Cabinet allowed its delegates to
remedy this inconvenience, sa as to include the two
lakes in the Moldavian territory.

"Again, the 20th Art, made the frontier end at Kata-
mori, on the Pruth. The text of the treaty did not ex-
press whether that place was to belong to Russia or to
be given to Moldavia. The Imperial Cabinet obviated
that difficulty by allowing Katamori to be joined to the
Principality.
"But more than this. At the Paris Congress the
tracing of the new frontier has already been adopted in
Conference, when the Plenipotentiaries of Austria, of
France, and of Great Britain proposed an amendment,
according to which the frontier was to terminate at some
distance north of Ratamori. The Russian Plenipoten-

tiaries could not consent to that proposition, as the
boundary indicated in 'Article 20 had already received
the Emperor's sanction.
"Assembled on the spot, the Austrian, French, Eng-
lish, and Ottoman delegates renewed the amendment
which had not been adopted in Conference. The Imperial

" Conformably to this order, the boundary line upon
which the delegates are agreed by the preliminary con-
vention of the 30th of August shall be put into execu-
tion at once. There will only remain two points to be
decided—that of the Upper Yalpuck and that of Bol-
grad. The commissaries await the solution of those two
points to complete their work.
" Surely it shall not be said that the Cabinets of Eu-
rope, after having given the blessings of peace to the
civilised world by their mutual agreement at the Paris
Congress, shall now hesitate to meet again in spite of
conciliation and concord for the just settlement of two
secondary questions reduced to so simple a matter that
two sittings would suffice to settle them ?
" All the Cabinets have a common interest'in expedit-
ing this conclusion, so as to do away with the causes
which have hitherto contributed to delay the execution
res
oe the
rs
p
of the Treaty of Paris in more than one of its essential
stipulations.
"The Danubian Principalities especially eagerlyawait
the moment when their national and independent admi-
nistration guaranteed by the contracting Powers, shall
receive the final sanction promised to them by the 24th
and 25th articles of the Treaty of Paris. ,Their hopes,
founded upon the faith of that European transaction, de-
serve an equitable consideration. Bat, for their wish"
to be fulfilled, they must be hoard, and for them to be
" This truth, recognised by the Congress, then
w i re-
ceivedth res
en cof
ae
unanimous foreignconfirmationarmy. by the eagerness
expressed
stehde fr
erepresentativesely they
m u
must
tf
allbe tehxp
contracting
ed without
Powers
w
showed the intention of evacuatinc, the Ott
terri-
tory with the shortest possible del Ottoman
ay. A term of six
months was eventually fixed.

Some recommended a railing round the turn-tables,
whilst others, entertaining more practical ideas, thought
that the danger would be greatly lessened by the adop-
tion of a rule fixing the time when trucks were to be
placed upon the turn-tables, and one of the company's
officers to stand by and keep persons away until such
trucks as were required to be shifted had passed the lines.
One of the jury stated that he had been told on the
spot that hundreds of people crowded the sheds during
market hours, and the turning of these trucks still went
on amidst the ordinary business, and which made the
place extremely dangerous, especially to women.
The Coroner said that some day the question would
be tried in a court of law, by relatives suing for damages
in the case of an accident, when a verdict would be given
that would cost the company as much in five minutes as
the expense of protection would in 20 years.
The jury ultimately found the death to be an acci-
dental one, and signed a recommendation to the effect,
that the railway company should adopt some protection
at the turn-tables.
The proceedings then terminated.

Cabinet authorised its delegates to adhere to that plan
which gives to Moldavia a greater extent of frontier
along the Pruth than that prescribed by the text of the
treaty. By means of these transactions, freely and frankly
consented to by the Imperial Cabinet, the frontier line
was completed in more than three-quarters of its whole
extent. Only two gaps remained to be filled up.
"With this object the commissioners, on the strength
of their united labours, drew up and signed on the 30th
of August a preliminary convention, giving an account
of all points;upon which they were agreed, and especially
of those which need a final decision on the part of the
contracting Powers.
" This convention submits to the judgment of the
Cabinets four alternatives left to their choice. This plan
is founded upon a system of compensation so cleverly
combined that each of the two parties interested obtains
geographically the same surface of ground, whatever may
be the alternative selected by the Cabinets.
"As regards the first point, the text of the treaty in-
dicated the river Yalpuck as the frontier line. In its
course, at a place called Andreeska, the river splits
into two arms, one bearing the name of Yalpuck, the
other that of Yalpuckhel. The letter of the treaty
implies the former ; the other arm would give a more
seenrl
va
er
dg etclh
is frontierciue s ti
ot
no
ftlro
thelda via
solution T h The
of delegates
the cabi
nheat
sv.e re -
"As regards the second point in dispute, that of the
dtoewtenrmoifnßeotlhgirs ciadu,
eastcioon. nsidlertatiisonthoi.
fsgoWodhfeaniththseeemsto
Con-
gress came to discuss and decree in principal the new
frontier line, the Russians frankly declared the import-
ance of not taking away the town of Bolgrad from the
Bulgarian colonies of which it is the capital. This ad-
ministrative consideration, so frankly expressed, received
the unanimous votes of all the representatives, given in a
in theshould was
roensi
or iltvoefd concord and
commonand
accord, conciliation.that t Consequentlyefro
ntifrontier
line i t
pass socth of Bolgrad, as is clearly and precisely stated
they might noi
the inspect. pa
Russia. Printed in Russian
entiaries
t e Art.n o f 20. m This
producedresolution a
at
se not ta ken
Conferenceson
by the plenipott
""cs at the Congress. They, there-
to all the representati, tons from the examination of a
'-eve appeared sufficiently intelligible,
fore, formed their conch's.. by the care of the French
map placed at their disposal
Ovvernment.

NORWICH YARN COMPANY.—A. call of 907. is required
to pay off the outstanding liabilities of this company,
which failed some years ago.
NORWICH STEAM POWER COMPANT.—A petition bas
been presented to the Court of Cha.nc•-2ry to investigate
and wind up the affairs of this abortive undertaking.
BRITISH AND IRISH GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.—
We are glad to learn, from good authority, that the
surveys and plans of the proposed railway between Castle
Douglas and Portpatrick aro completed, and that con-
siderable progress has been made in raising the neces-
sary capital. By a comparatively small
additional
effort the important object of connecting Great Britain
with Ireland by the short sea passage may be attained.
Certain railway companies interested in its success have
liberally agreed to subsidise the undertaking to the ex•
tent of 220,0001., on the condition, however, thai, the
remainder of the capital, nemely, 240,0001., shall be
raised to its full amount by private subscription, if not
otherwise obtainable, within about a month. The
amount already subscribed falls little short of two-thirds
,210,090/., and as the time is
of the required : Jim of
iiwited within which the remaining third must be forth-
coming, an increase of from 40 to 50 per cent. on the
present subscriptions would secure the desired object.—
Be/1(W News heeler.

" France and England anticipated that term with a
rapidity worthy of remark.

" The First Plenipotentiary of Austria, in the sitting
of the 4th of April, while praising the zeal displayed by
the belligerent Powers in recalling their armies, and in
thus carrying out without delay one of the most im-
portant stipulations of the Treaty of Peace, announced,
on his part, that Austria would withdraw her troops from
the Principalities. lie even added 'that as that opera-
tion would not meet with the same difficulties that
attended the embarkation of the armies in the Crimea
with their stores, it might be done more promptly, and
that the Austrian troops would have evacuated the
Principalities before the belligerent arruie,s could have
completely evacuated th:,i Ottoman empire.'
"According to this declaration, noted down in pro•
tocol 21, the Vienna Cabinet well doubtless feel the
desire to contrit•ute by its vote to acaelerate the termi-
nation of the Frontier Commission, that it may the morehe
Othtetoam additional
speedily evacuate the Danubian Principalities. The
Ottoman
rtea,rfteicrleitoef pthaertiriesatdyiroefetthlye
tlottehreosttemd_atrhcaht,

It shows that if
does not rest
-ver, their
They

" This fact is worthy of mention.
the maps were faulty the responsibility .
with the Russian Plenipotentiaries. More....
frank speech had set aside any misunderstanding.

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LONDON-, '11.3:1 URSDAY EVENING. DECEMBER 11, 1856. 4D. a

! and the Convention of the Straits annexed to the general
act, shall be carried out to the letter.
"France, having been the first to assert the principle; i;rvvspApEß,
of the neutrality of the Black Sea, has the right to ei.--,-;.-,,, t
pect the fulfilment of a stipulation which serves as a ba4l2i:-.4-.4 1i:
...4
to Articles 11 and 14 of the Treaty of Peace.
y:4 • ;".'.l'4.f. -i.
"Finally, the Governments and all the nations whin
~' i,-- 'o'
have, With confidence, accepted the work of peace rift.i).;‘;`,.. 'lily,.
new guarantee given to the firm establishment of general. '''" - '4"*"
tranquillity would see with surprise and regret that the
Cabinets which signed and are guarantees of the Treaty
of Paris should not be disposed to come to an under-
standing upon a simple difficulty of detail which Russia
has just frankly referred to their decision."

It is really wonderful how much that is absurd
and how much thatis base canbe concealed, wrapped
up, and overlaid by the pomp of diplomatic diction,
and carried off by the authority of a great and
powerful Government. The Cabinet of St. Peters-
burg has presented to Europe a note which they
doubtless think calculated to raise their character
and estimation. It is couched in language of the
most guarded moderation, is of considerable length,
is full of professions of the most exuberant good
faith, and is altogether so exceedingly decorous, so
smooth, and so respectable that one can hardly be-
lieve that it is prepared in any spirit except that of
candour shrinking from misrepresentation, and •
good faith that shudders at the bare idea of a doubt
or a surmise of its sincerity. And yet we venture
to say that out of this document itself, with little
aid except the very slightest knowledge of geo-
graphy and the most superficial acquaintance with
the history of the last few years, with far less indus-
try than has been bestowed on the deciphering of
ancient inscriptions and the interpretationof doubt-

fulx tr x
ttes din whicha deep-
estinigilb
a
Russiaa m e meaning
with
the
disgrace, and leave her diplomacy subject, on
its own showing, to the charge of the meanest eva-
etecilcieilt would historians,co ver
sion s and subterfuges, alike disingenuousaud superfi-
cial. Everybody knows that any of the main causes
of the war was that Russia, having possession of the
Sulina mouth of the Danube, used herpower to close
up that mouth altogether, and that one of the prin-
cipal conditions of peace was that Russia should
retire entirely from the Danube, and leave it
wholly in the possession of Turkey. After the con-
clusion of peace Russia nevertheless endeavoured
to occupy the Isle of Serpents, an attempt in
which she was entirely outmanoeuvred and de-
feated
iby the English fleet. But now she puts for-
ward n justification the assertion that there was
no express stipulation in the treaty to meet the
case of an island, although the possession of that
island would have entirely neutralised all the pro-
visions so earnestly insisted upon with regard to
the free navigation of the Danube. Men who in-
terpret treaties in this manner should do so at the
point of the sword, but for the vanquished thus to
seek to elude 'their obligations is alike futile and
discreditable.

- Z
jt7lC4
rf

As for the question of the ratification of the
Bessarabian frontier, Russia seems to feel that she
is not superfluously strong in moral force, and she
accordingly proceeds to take credit for having
yielded in matters not worth disputing. On one
occasion the frontier line cut a lak• in two,
but Russia was too generous to squabble
about half a lake, and ceded it to Mol-
davia without a struggle. On another occasion
doubts were entertained whether the town of
Katamori belonged to Moldavia or not. Russia
was once more magnanimous, and whatever may
be comprehended in the name of Katamori
passed for ever into the dominions of Mol-
davia. And here we must stop for a moment
to burden our minds of the fulness of respectful
admiration. Half a lake and awhole village !—who
could believe that a Power capable of such a sur-
render could nourish guile or deceit, or be capable
of even the most 'justifiable artifice ? We now ap-
proach the case of Bolgrad at every possible disad-
vantage. Russia looks down upon us from a pin•
uacle of moral superiority, and almost persuades us
that it is wicked to doubt the intention or interpre-
tations of so virtuous a Power. The question is,
shall the boundary between Moldavia and Russia
pass north or south of the town of Bolgrad We
say north, Russia says south, observing in her win-
ning way,what we heartily agree to, that it is " a
question merely of good faith." Russia appeals to
good faith, and by the principles of good faith we
are content that she should be judged. She declared
at the Congress frankly, as she says, or, as we may
paraphrase it, with her usual frankness, that it was
important not to separate Bolgrad from the Bul-
garian colonies of Russia, of which it was the capi-
tal. To this the allies assented, arid Russia, iu a
spirit of good faith, as she calls it, requires the
performance of the agreement and is scandalized
that any demur can be made to so reasonable a
proposition. We should be scandalized too if we
were not informed immediately afterwards by

'l/4. 11 S

It appears from the Russian Note that this
asseut was obtaiaed impaction of maps
—maps which Russia herself did not pro-
vide, but which were provided by the French Go-
vernment. If the maps were faulty, the fault was
none of Russia's. Moreover, her frank declara-
tion that she meant to keep Bolgrad, the capital of
the Bulgarian colonies, put an end to the possibi-
lity of cavil.

were statement.
fauty, First,and
Now, let us see what Russia admits in this very
sghueardaeddmaintsd
that
tfulthlyewordedmaps
strengthens the admission by protesting against
being supposed to be responsible for their produc-
tion ; next, she states that the fault consisted in
this, that the town of Bolgrad, instead of being si-
tuated at some distance from Lake Yalpuck, a back-

.--- _
water of the Danube, as delineated in the map,
actually touched the northern extremity of the
lake ; and, thirdly, she does not deny, and by not
denying admits, that she well aware of this error
of the map at the time she made the agreement
with the Allies, and used her knowledge to over-
reach and deceive them. Russia stands upon her
agreement that the boundary line should be drawn
to the south of Bolgrad, the capital of the Bulga-
rian colonies, and this agreement she obtained,
first by suppressing the truth that Bolgrad, the
capital of the Bulgarian colonies, communicates by
Lake Yalpuck with the Danube ; and, secondly, by
the false suggestion that the Bolgrad which was
shown on the map is the same Bolgrad which she
bargains to retain, instead of being an insignificant
village, which, now that its name on the map
has answered its purpose, she will not condescend
to call by that name, but contemptuously desig-
nates as a place called Tabak. It was Bolgrad
when we were to be induced to'draw the boundary
line to the south of it ; it is Tabak when we are to
ignore its existence, and substitute for it the place
it so usefully represented.
used, and
We cannot stoop to analyse further this most
shabby and pitiful manifesto. Ministers of State
can, it appears, be guilty of frauds for which an
then
edleadi fromm
the ' Change,
executionor
ofa
a gentleman
agreement
attorney would be struck off the rolls, a merchant
well imagine
of his position in society. Nay more, they can
elaborately explain the deceit that was
under
fraudulentlyteixiec obtained in the very name and
One can
M. Brunow or M. Kisseleff descanting
the sanction of good faith.
on the im-
portance to Russia of retaining
Bolgrad on the
map, and showing how far it was from the waters
of the Danube, and how gratuitously vexatious it
would be to carry the boundary
to the north of it.
The device succeeded for the moment, but it was
at once too clumsy and insolent to prevail atter it
had been thoroughly
Fxposed. Ouranswer
Russia must be, that if
she comes for good to
faith
she must practise good
t
faith ; that an agreement
obtained by fraudulent suppression of the true
and suggestion of the false is no agreement at
all, but a mere trick and circumvention ;' that
an agreement implies the concurrence of two wills
on the same thing, whereas the Bolgrad that she
spoke of g,
was a different place from the Bolgrad
that we k
ePe e of and different, not by accident,
but by her d '
esig nand practice. We have already
convincingly shown her ~that we are not to be
overpowered by force ; we have now to show her
as Convincingly that we will not be overreached by
artifice.
_—.----

- - --
THE DOUBLE----- MURDER AT BOLTON.—The Martaester
for the purpose of directing
Guardian of yesterday says :--On Tuesday the inter.
ment of Mr. Luke and Mrs. Elizabeth White took place
t committee of Wool o
morning at the practisingwi
in Bolton-churchyard. The occasion attracted a large
to which red-hot
families concourse of people,bf the
n e
iil includingbou rlisli.moo oldn.sy 1
ioTof
Tht.ehif moreumneer
bodyrespect-
able ie e
was read by the Rev. C.P. J. Marsden, the incumbent,
assisted by the Rev. J. Simpson, of Thurnscoe. The
two deceased were laid side by side in the same vault.
then took
e uses
se
splacet tending to
No clue has as yet been obtained at all likely to lead to
substitutionsrAot
aohffirmne:geeeden reaistnie MOLTENactc hots iser
composing
Arsenal
experimentspmitforobossfll
iNeientqndhguaa
Neoilwdtmno
marshes,
Tuieiarr
ecruhtssenheesE
Dlretdi
eehsna:r.
prove the important advantage to be obtained by the
shot has been hitherto applied. Lord
expressed his intention of beinganmure, who
present,
tually at eleven, and took particular interest arrived punc-
tually
of the various tests which were
in the pro-
The experiments consisted in firing were carried out.
shells, filled with about 301bs. of a number of Martin's
molten iron,
head, near which were erected at a bulk.
some wooden sheds.
These latter were occasionally
ignited by the contact occasioning the sudden explosion; the shell and the ex
result was proved to pansion of the liquid fire. The
be considerably more certain and
effectual than that
furnished with much produced by hot shot, and the supply
more readiness and facility from a
melting crucible than from the heating furnace. The
experiments were ordered to be repeated.