The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-15 00:00:00

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THE WAR IN ALGERIA.

nice mon

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,

' dially aid the Government in constructing the trunk rail•
way to the north so long projected.
The imports and exports for the first half of the present
year have been as follows :
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS AT THE PORT OF MELBOURNE.
Imports in the year 1856, up to 28th June...£6,143,783
Exports in the year 1856, up to 28th June .. 7,762,070

Balance of exports over imports during the
current year £1,618,287
The balance in favour of the colony in a similar ac-
count for the first six months of 1855 was but 410,861/.
Our more specific reports of Melbourne markets will
be found with our general commercial intelligence.
The colonial demand for all kinds of unskilled labour
was increasing. The balance of arrivals over departures
during the month of June bad been inconsiderable, and
immigrants capable of performing rough work had
readily met with engagements. Of skilled labour there
was little deficiency ; the demand for artisans was not
likely to exhibit much activity for Rome time to come.
Female servants were more plentiful th'sn th« y had been
of late, but great complaints existed of the difficulty of
meeting with really suitable domestics.
The Melbourne papers notice, among the social
aspects of the gold fields, the increasinz spread of the
co-operative principle in mining pursuits, and, as a
natural consequence, the more extensive employment
of machinery by the digger .. This improved state of
things is partly traceable to the enlightened spirit in
which many of the local courts have framed the
mining regulations for the districts under their
jurisdiction, and partly to the sounder views enter.
tained by the diggers themselves of the conditions under
which the operations of industrycan be most successfully
prosecuted. It is now evident that a greater amount of
prosperity prevails upon those gold fields where capital
and labour have combined their forces than upon those
is which the diggers still manifest a narrow-minded and
suspicious
jealousy of capital and machinery. Bendigo
ind Ballarat have been flourishing, while complaints hare
been constantly emanating from Castlemaine. It will
furnish English readers, with an interesting illustration
of the extent to which machinery is employed upon some
of the Victorian gold fields when we mention that upon
Bendigo alone there are about 2,600 puddling machines
now at work ; and the local journal which supplies us
with this statement adds, that the "number of persons
attached to this branch of industry is. including women
and children, between 10,000 and 11,000. Horses, 4,800.
value 30/. each, 144,0001. ; value of the mills, 65,0001;
value of drays and other apparatus, 80,000/.; value
of houses and stabling, 78,0001.; amount of working
capital, 65,000/.—total, 432,0001. ; or nearly half a mil.
lion of money employed in these unpretending but highly
important undertakings." On Ballarat, nine steam en
gines are in constant and active operation, pumping water
or lifting alluvium from the deep sinkings ; and the
amount of money invested in machinery of all kinds,
throughout the colony, must be something very consi-
derable.
The new houses of parliament at Melbourne were ra-
pidly approaching to completion. The government have
invited designs for frescoes and statuary to decorate the
building. The foundations had also been laid of a commo-
dious county court. Considerable progress has been also
made in the erection of the new Exchange, which pro-
mises to become one of the architectural ornaments of
the city.
There is some promise.of the railway from Melbourne
to Geelong being completed by the end of the year. Six
miles of the line (at the Geelong end) were opened for ex-.
cursion trains on the Ist July, and the experiments which
were made with a view to test the speed of the locomo-
tives were perfectly satisfactory. The A rgus regrets to be
unable to report that any apparent progress has been
made in the prosecution of the works connected with the
Melbourne, Mount Alexander, and Murray River Rai'
way.

The intelligence that peace has been restored, received
by the James Baines, diffused general satisfaction so far
as the event itself was concerned. As soon as the news
was promulgated a salute of 101 guns was fired, by order
of the Acting Governor ; and at the Theatre Royal, on
the same evening, before the rising of the curtain, a eall
of " God save the Queen" arose simultaneously from the
large audience assembled to witness the performance of
the opera. The call was promptly complied with by the
orchestra, and the audience, rising, greeted the familiar
melody with the•heartiest applause. " Partant pour la
Syrie" was then demanded, and some lusty cheers were
given for our gallant allies. By a proclamation from the
Acting Governor, Wednesday, 2d July (the day follow-
ing the anniversary of our separation from New South
Wales), was observed as a general holiday ; and a re-
view of the troops in garrison and a sham fight took
place, under the inspection of his Excellency.
The 80th anniversary of the Declaration of Independ-
ence by the United States of America was celebrated by
a public dinner at the Criterion on the 4th inst. About
130 persons assembled, under the presidency of the Ame-
rican Consul, and the general tone of the speeches was
strongly in favour of the maintenance of pacific relations
between Great Britain and the republic.

NEW SOUTH WALES.
We have received files of the Sydney papers to
he sth July.
The following very important announcement ap-
peared in the Sydney Empire of the 6th July as an
extract from the Bathurst Free Press :
A great deal of excitement has prevailed in our town
during the last few days, owing tothe rumours which were
disseminated far and wide of the large quantities of gold
said to have been dug up on Stoney Creek, and trans-
mitted per mail to Bathurst. Some of the stories afloat
were altogether so incredible that it was only necessary
to hear to disbelieve them. Others wore more of an air
of probability, and when traced to their fountain head
were found to be nearly true. Upon reference, however,
to trustworthy and available sources of information, we
find that a great deal of exaggeration has been bandied
about, and that the truth has been somewhat highly
coloured. It is a great mistake to call the Stoney Creek
diggings a new gold field. They have been worked for
many months with greater or less success, but the doings
there, for reasons best known to the diggers at work,
have been kept as secret as possible. At length an in
dividual, known by the sobriquet Bothered Harry, hit
upon a 28-ounce nugget in a small tributary of Stoney
Creek, known as the Stockyard Creek. The news spread
upon the wings of the wind ; a rush was the consequence,
and a large tract cf the adjacent country was laid out in
claims. From one man, of whose veracity we have no
doubt, and who has spent four months upon these dig-
gings, we learn the following particulars. After a steady
course of sobriety and industry during the time men-
tioned, our informant, who was generally believed to
have been uncommonly fortunate, had saved ten ounces
of gold, which he brought with him to Bathurst. Being
upon the spot at the time of the rush, he was the third
upon the ground, and got the selection of the third
claim, but although witbin a "stone's throw " of his
bothered friend, his claim proved an unprofitable one.
Besides the 28-ounce nugget already mentioned, a Ilan
from Orange had pounced upon one of 44 ounces, and a
Chinaman another of 13 ounces. Bothered Harry's
claim was worked out when he left (last Tuesday), and
several of the most profitable ones had ceased to yield
gold. A major ity of the diggers were doing well ; some
few were exceedingly lucky, and, as usual in all these
rushes, a cmsicierable number of the unfortunate were
wandering about from place to place. The gold is coarse
and nuggetty, and runs in patches, thus rendering the
digger's earnings a matter of some uncertainty. Two loads
of earth taken out of a neighbouring claim produced 16
ounces of gold, and a report was current that one tub of
earth produced 16 ounces, but upon inquiry the quantity
diminished to 8 ounces, so far a.: his observation went.

At the time our informant left the number of his licence
was 105, arid after taking it out an increase of some 200
airivais had taken place. The Mookerwa, which is
about three miles distant, was completely deserted, and
diggers were arriving from Tambaroora and the sur-
rounding country in considerable numbers. There was
a large quantity of gold upon the ground wanting pur-
chasers, but money was scarce. The diggings were well
supplied with provisions. Beef was 3d. per lb ; flour,
2/. per 100 lbs. ; tea, 2s. 6d. per lb. ; sugar, 7d ; and
other necessaries proportionably cheap. The diggings
are distant about 30 miles from Orange, 16 from Moloug,
and eight from the Macquarie.
From Mr. Jo4eph Aarons, who arrived in Bathurst
at the latter 'end of last week, with 37 ounces of the
Money Creek gold, we have learnt the following parti-
culars :—Mr. Aarons visited the diggings on Sunday,
the 15th ult., when he estimated the population at about
800. From the result of inquiries made upon the spot,
all were doing well, and some were exceedingly fortu-
nate. He heard of one tub of earth producing 14
ounces of gold, and there was a good deal of talk about
a nugget weighing 54 ounces, but he did not see it.
There were large quantities of gold wanting purchasers,
and if disposed to purchase he could have bought 3,0001.
worth on the spot. There was no postal communication
at the time he was there, but steps had been taken to-
wards its estabishment. Diggers were pouring in from
all sides, promising speedily to form a very large popu-
lation. Business in the neighbouring townships had in
consequence become brisk, and nothing was talked of
but the diggings, From Sergeant Cassidy, of Tamba-
roora we learn that the diggers are as fast deserting
that side of the what the
&alley Creek.
The Sydney Empire publishes statistics of the traffic
on the Sydney and Paramatta Railway during the
quarter just terminated. In publishing these figures
(remarks the edit-r), it is right to premise that the pre-
sent line is intended to be the main channel of internal
communication, and that it can only sustain a prospe-
rous traffic by means of tributaries from the producing
districts. Pending such extension, no very large in-
crease can he looked for upon the average traffic of the
duriee which the line has been open. The
total receipts fur thet' three months ending June 30 were
7,587/. 16s. 7d. ; those for the quarter ending March 31
were 7,0241. 15s. 6d. ; there has therefore been an in-
crease of 5631 Is. id. The passenger traffic shows an
advance of 291/. 10s. lid. on the former quarter, the
receipts for the quarter ending in June being 6,890/
15s. while those for the previous three Months were
6,5991. 44. 9d. A similar increase is shown by comparing
the number of passengers during the two quarters; in
the previous quarter there were 90,930, in that jest ended
there were 98,817. From the causes above referred to

the amount of goods traffic is still inconsiderable ; it has,
however, during the last quarter,-ingessed more thAa,