The Sun.
London, England, 1869-06-02 00:00:00

EIIfIGRATION.

Tho Manchester Examiner criticises at length the schemes
for wholesale emigration which are being put forward in the
cotton districts :—" Emigration, when resorted to by indi-
viduals as a means of promoting their own interests, is (it
says) a healthy process ; but emigration schemes, whether
promoted by the State or by organisations of a private charac-
ter, are generally open to suspicion. In the present case
the factory workpeople of certain districts are forming
themselves into a vast emigration society for the purpoce of
relieving the pressure in the labour market, and in the hope
of keeping up the rate of wages. Viewed in this light, as a
means of influencing permanently, or for a long time to come,
the situation of the mass of factory workers, we cannot say
that we are able to attach much importance to it. The
numbers sent abroad, after all the pecuniary efforts that
may bo made will b, too inconsiderable to affect the per-
manent state of the labour market. All the hands that
could be shipped in the course of a year would have a
smaller influence upon the supply of labour than a
fall of a few pence in the price of cotton. If trade
revived so as to cause a great demand for labour, the void
created by the emigration of a few thousands of hands would
soon be filled up. In the long run, those who have sub-
scribed towards sending their fellow-workpeople abroad
will simply lose their money. They will ease the pressure
for a time, and probably do a good turn to the more fortun-
ate among the emigrants, but wages will not be permanently
higher on account of it."

ESPLEN AND CLARKE'S FLUID STEERING
GEAR.

An improved steering apparatus has recently been
invented by Mr. Esplen and Captain Clarke, both con-
nected with the firm of Moss and Co. By this plan the
rudder is always held firm, is subject immediately
to the action of the steering wheel, and requires
less manual power to direct its movements
than is the case with the ordinary method. Many plans
of hydraulic steering-gear have been tried without success.,
all breaking down on the point of suction. By the new
mode an arrangement of pistons, pipes, and cross-heads
brings two separate columns of water to .bear upon the
tiller, an extra pressure on one column producing a
corresponding relaxation of the other. It is necessary for
successful hydraulic steering that the pipes shall be kept
free of air, and this can only be attained by the fluid in
the pipes being always kept under a considerable pressure,
which is done in the present instance. Water is the only
fluid used in ordinary cases, but a special fluid can be used
in cold latitudes where there is a risk of freezing.
Provision has been made for possible accidents of various
kinds. A double cylinder is placed aft of the ordinary
steering wheel on the bridge, whose pistons or rams are
connected by cross-heads and guide-rods, worked
simultaneously by the screw on the axle of the wheel.
From either cylinder a pipe leads aft to the
rudder, where there are two other cylinders working
opposite to each other across the tiller. There is no
vacuum, the tiller being amidships, the pipes and the
cylinders quite full cf fluid, and «hen pressure is exerted
by a forward piston on one column of water, the crosshead
action which closes the piston of one cylinder opens that of
the other, and so balances the pressure on the two columns
of water. For steam rams, or other war ships, the inven-
tion is invaluable, as the steersman can be placed in any
position, and several wheels might be used in case of
the ship going into action. The invention has attracted
attention in France aid Holland, and has been adopted
by the Emperor Napoleon for the Empress's new yacht,
and also for thenew ironclad, Matador, of the Dutch navy.

There is nothing very definite to be reported about
the Nottingnam election. Mr. Bernal Osborne is mentioned
on_t lir i:a, tof the electors, as is also Mr. C. Seely, jun. Mr.
announces himself; and all the politicians out 'of
7 lianient, Mr. Milner Gibson and Mr. Roebuck
_among
o!h. re. are considered likely to try to Ny4n,

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—Mis

MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
A GENTLEMAN CHARGED 'WITH RESISTING AN IN-
SPECTOR. - Ernest Bowley, gentleman, of No. 35, Duke-
street, St. James's, was charged before Mr. Tyrwhitt with
resisting Inspector Morgan, of the C divlshn, and incit-
ing others to resist him in the execution of his duty.
Impactor Morgan said teat abort half-past one that
morning he saw a large assemblage of prostitutes. at the
top of the Haymarket, and amongst them the prisoner and
another gentleman, arm-in-arm, the pathway being quite
block?d up. He requestod the prisoner and his friend to
:nova away, telling then that they were monopolising the
thoroughfare, and that no oae could pass, -.von which the
prisoner said, "Don't go away for him ; 11-'s On .y a
Bobby." He told the prisoner that if ho did ut.t go
away ho should be obliged to move him. The prisoner
said that he was a gentleman, and dared him to touch
him. He told the prisoner that if ha wits a gentle-
man to act as one, and not to inci!e the prosti-
tutvs to interfere wilt' Lim in the ex 4 cation of Lis
‘iuty, and the prisoner then pushed him three times against
the shutters. He walked sway, and the pris •ner folio xed
him main and called him "a Bobby," and as he refused to
go away he took him to the police station, and had to use
fcrce to place him in the dock.
In answer to Mr. Tyrwhitty
The Inspector said the prisoner had been drinking, but
well knew what he was about. A female the prisoner
was talking to at the time—an unfortunate—was robbed
of her watch by two men who pretended to sympath!se
with her.

•
Smith, 188 C, gave similar evidence.
The prisoner said he only spoke to one fourth), and did
not know she was a prostitute, having known her previ-
ously as an actress. lie never made use of the language
imputed to him, nor did he push the inspector.
Mr. Robert Seymour, of 5, King's-road, Chelsea, was
called by the prisoner to bear out his statement.
Inspector Morgan said the prisoner called him what he
bad stated at least a dozen times.

Acting Inspector Davy said tho prisoner acknowledged
calling the inspector "a - Bobby."
Mr. Tyrwhitt said that if men would mix with pro-
stitutes, and not go away when requested, they must
put up with the consequences. The prisoner would have
to pay 10s.