The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-31 00:00:00

ministration of the Provinces which compose the
Empire. The majority, in which of course the
Hungarian Councillors are the most active, have
agreed on a scheme which would render each na-
tionality a sovereign state, almost as much so as
the several States of America. The minority
even has been obliged, judging.by the vague terms
in which they express themselves, to concede a
measure of independent representation, and of
municipal action, which has never been dreamed
of since 1851. Of course, great effort is made by
the minority to preserve the Unity of the Empire.
Perhaps, in its essential character, the struggle be-
tween the Federalists and the Democrats of Ame-
rica—one desirous to strengthen the central Go-
♦ernment, the other caring moat for the rights of
the separate States—may illustrate that between the
majority and minority of the Committee of the
Reichsrath.
What will the EMPEROR do ? We are told he
is sending frequently fcr the Hungarians, and
conferring wiih them ; we may be sure desiring, if
possible, to induce them to mitigate their demands.
Will they convince him, or he persuade them, to
commit themselves to a hopeless self-degradation in
the eyes of their countrymen ? If neither party
move the other, which will triumph—Hungary or
the EMPEROR ? It would border on a miracle if
anything frank, anything fairly acknowledging the
rights which were violently wrested from Hungary
by the aid of Russian bayonets, should be conceded
by the EMPEROR and by his hated bureaucratic
Germans. Neither THIIN nor RECIEBERG know
how to yield. Germans fancy all Hungary and its
connected states, with Bohemia and the Tyrol,
were made for them to govern ! several of the
most freedom-loving races of Europe, outnumbering
the Germans themselves—able, as they showed in
1848, and had showed on numerous occasions be-
fore, to thrash the Germans soundly in the field—
are all to be subjected to a few millions of politi-
cally enslaved natives of the small Archduchy, and
to the despot whose bondsmen they are ! Well may
the nationalities resent this. Well may they
raise the cry " Hungary for the Hun-
garians," " Bohemia for the Bohemians," till
the shout resounds from every quarter to Vienna
that the Duchy of the Hapsburgs must be but one
state of many.

LATEST

E \V b.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

BEYROUT, AUG. 22.

On Monday morning Fuad Paaha hanged 57 Mos-
lems, belonging to different classes, in various parts
of the town, and shot 110 policemen and Bashi-
Bazouks at the great Meidan.
The city was perfectly quiet.

BEYROUT, Auo. 22. (vie MARSEILLES).

By order of Fuad Pasha, 70 individuals, convicted
of having taken part in the late massacres, have
been hung, and 110 soldiers shot.
He has compelled 3,000 inhabitants of Damascus
to enter the army.
4,500 soldiers of the French etpedition have dis-
embarked here.
The steamer Ganges has not yet arrived.

NIARSE:LLES, AUG. 30.

Letters from Algiers state that 50,000 Arab
horsemen from all the tribes of Algeria, and even
from Tunis, are making preparations to be present
at the fete to be given in honour of the Emperor
on which occasion they will execute manoeuvres on
a grand scale.

For some little time we have heard nothing very
remarkable from Hungary. Awaiting the result
of the Reichsrath's deliberations she has kept com-
paratively quiet. But her determination and firm-
ness have been maintained, and even grown in the
interval. All classes share the feeling. The point
with Hungarians is—their historical rights. The
point with Austria is to octrai a constitution, for
the obvious reason that what a monarch gives a
monarch can modify or cancel. The Hungarians
refuse a royal gift, and most justly maintain that
the Hapsburgs have not a shadow of a right in
Hungary but that of the treaties made by the
Hungarians with the dynasty. Even the Russian
conquest will not serve the latter, for by the most
solemn engagements, if the EMPEROR introduces
foreign soldiers, he forfeits his crown. Hungary
is a greater nation than Austria Proper ; and it re-
fuses to be anything else than a kingdom of Hun-
gary, constitutionally governed. It does but demand
what the present monarch arbitrarily, and in de-
fiance of solemn engagements, took away in 1851.
So lately as the 20th, the feast of ST. STEPHEN,
their first King and national saint, the universal
display of nationality kwew no bounds, earnestly
as the Austrians desired to suppress it. The vene-
rable Catholic Primate of Hungary, in spite of
threats and entreaties, took a prominent part in it.
Mr. CRAWFORD, one of our members, was present ;
and his expressions of sympathy at a public feast,
being translated to the company, were received
with very natural applause; and when General
BENEDEK made a speech, giving due
honour to the Archbishop, and spoke as
faithful to the "Emperor," as he was true to his
native country, the aged Primate rose, and elec-
trified the soldier and the company, by immedi-
ately exclaiming—" Long live the King: Such
is the feeling indeed that BENEDEK, sent to Hun.
gary to coerce if he could not conciliate, has
returned to Vienna to resign his charge, telling the
Emperor that he must concede the Hungarian
demands.

It is a striking indication of the way in which
things are viewed, in quarters where we should
look for very different opinions, that our old Rus-
sian, or Russianizing friend, Le Ford, is actually
proving elaborately that the Hapsburgs must be-
come the centre of government to such a confede-
ration of Independent States, constitutionally
governed, as the Hungarians desire; or, that
Austria must cease to be ! There was at one time
a reason for her existence, as an Empire—that of
resisting the Turks and defending Christianity.
That reason is now gone. There is literally no use
for Austria unless she can take her place as a pivot
on which the autonomically governed states should
work. If Austria does not understand her position,
she will fall to pieces at the first shock which she
may any day receive ! Such is the language of the
Czar's old organ ! A little spite there may be in
it, but there is evidently, also, a clear perception of
what all see, outside of the Austrian Empire, that
to be strong, the haughty stubborn Hapsburg must
accept the position of a President of free and inde-
pendent states.

THE 8a GRENADIERS.

CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 22,

Notwithstanding the representations of the Am-
bassadors, Kurschid Pasha remained at Constan-
tinople until the Marquis de Lavalette again in-
sisted on and obtained his departure, in order that
he might be brought to trial in Syria.
The Mussulman inhabitants aro assuming a
threatening attitude. The garrison has been in-
creased, but the soldiers' pay is still in arrear.
According to advises from Syria, Gen. Beaufort,
in a proclamation, had prohibited the Maronites
from renewing the conflict.

MESSINA, AUG. 26 (via MARSEILLES.)

Colonel Deflotte, the French Republican and one
of Garibaldi's officers, was killed in the engagement
before Reggio. Garibaldi ordered splendid obsequies
in his honour.

GENEVA, THUREDAY.

It is stated that the Federal Council, having been
solicited by the French Government to send a de-
putation to Thonon to greet the Emperor, replied
that there was no occasion to take such a step.

Zanzibar.

The French Government continually complains
of ill-treatment of French subjects in Switzerland.
It has been proved that up to the present time
those complaints have been mere calumnies.

VIENNA, Auc. 31.

It is asserted that the Ministers have agreed to
propose the following resolution for adoption by
his Majesty, viz. :
That at the opening of the first full sitting of the
Reichsrath the President, Archduke Renier, should
read to the Assembly an autograph letter of the Em-
peror. In this letter, after having stated the since-
rity of his intentions to give satisfaction to the legi-
timate wishes of the people, the Emperor should
promise to take into serious consideration the views
expressed in the two reports of the Committee
of 21. But, while awaiting a means to recon-
cile the opposite tendencies of the majority
and minority of that Committee, the Emperor,
in order not to adjourn the political regeneration
of the empire, considers that in his sovereign
capacity he should grant the statutes of the provin
cial diets, and fix beforehand their precise privi-
leges, thus assuring and guaranteeing the auto-
nomy of each province.
Also that the promulgation of these statutes
should not in any way prejudice the right of the
Diets to claim changes and modifications of proved
necessity and utility.
The autograph letter should likewise announce
the immediate promulgation of the electoral law,
both as regards the formation of the provincial
diets and the definitive constitution of the enlarged
Council of the Empire.
The Ministers hope that such an autograph let-
ter would prevent political debates in the Reichs-
rath, and allow the Government to tranquilly close
the session with the increased confidence of the
country.

TRIESTE, AUG. 31.

The Austrian Government, forseeing an attack
on Venetia, is most actively carrying on the works
for the completion of a branch line to connect the
Venetian railways with those of Germany. On the
sth of September the line from Nabresina to Udine
will be inaugurated. This railway will enable
Austria to transport a considerable force to Venetia
in a few days.

MADRID, AUG. 30.

The Emperor of the French, on his return journey
from Algeria, will stop at Barcelona, where he
wishes to have an interview with Queen Isabella 11.

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 31, 18604

AMERICA.

sources of the Nile expedition, which arrived in the
Forte, and a party from the Cape which had volun-
teered to assist. The expedition would land at

Parliament was prorogued on the 17th. In the
session, which lasted 80 days, 31 bills had been
passed, and nearly a million sterling voted.
The excavations for a breakwater in Table Bay
had been commenced.

A telegraph line from Cape Town to the frontier
-would be laid down next year.
The Natal Railway has been opened.
The Free State and Transvaal were tranquil and
prosperous. _ _ _

One hundred Mapal Kaffir hunters had been
massacred in Zululand.

The frontier Kaffirs were unsettled, and horse-
stealing had increased to an alarming extent.
No news of Dr. Livingstone's expedition.
The missionaries in Mosilikatses had been badly
treated. Mr. Moffatt was daily expected from that
country.

Business at the Cape was exceedingly slack. Im-
ports were very dull.
The only vessel which had cleared with exports
was the mail steamer Norman. Shipments of wine
withheld. Salt was in great demand.

SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY MORNING.

The United States stermer Arago, Captain Lines,
with dates from New York of the 18th inst., has
arrived. She brings 75 passengers for Havre, and
10 for Southampton, and for France 700,000 dols. in
treasure.

people, and that the troops are in the fort. You may
imagine the agitation which the sight of all this
produces, and every one is waiting anxiously for
the order of embarkation. The loss cf the Torino
was a heavy blow for us, who are not over rich in
means of transport. According to accounts just
come in, the vessel has been burnt by the Neapoli-
tans.

Mr. Douglas was at Brunswick and Portland on
the 17th, where he made lengthy speeches.
The New York Herald says :

" Advices from Hong Kong, China, state, that attempts
had been made to hurry the British forces northward, but
owing to bad weather several casualties had occurred. Two
large transport vessels had been wrecked, and another laid
up for repairs ; another having caught firo was scuttled. A
new steamer had been purchased by the English Admiral,
who deemed his forces sufficient to attack the forts. The
French force would not be ready for co-operation until the
present month. Am impression prevailed that as the Allied
Powers evinced no sympathy with the Nankin insurgents,
it would have a favourable impression on the authorities at
Pekin, and induce the Government to listen to conciliatory
advice. A battle had taken place with the Imperial troops
and Nankin insurgents, in which the former were defeated.
The Imperial troops were besieged in the city of Chan
Chow. Much fear was manifested at Shanghai at the pro-
gress of the rebellion, owing to its proximity to the scene
of operations and the danger of Foo Choo, one of the most
important manufacturing and commercial cities of the em-
pire, falling into the hands of the insurgents. The British
and French gunboats had captured and burnt a number of
piratical junks."

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW YORK, AUG. 17, 6 P.M.

11 30 A.M.

Just now the following message was brought in.
It was sent from the semaphore station, close to
Reggio, to the citadel, and was to the following
effect :

" 10 35.—At Reggio two cannon-shots from the
castle, towards the land. The musketry fire con-
tinues brisk. 10 50.—The fire has ceased."

1 P.M.
The mail leaves, but ne news yet from the other
side. The firing has ceased.

Monday-market steady. Good paper goes without diffi-
culty at 6to 7. Most of the brokers were paying 6 for call
loans ; a few stood out at sj.
A fair business in foreign exchange ; rates are steady.
The leading drawers ask 109/ to 110 for 60 days' bills on
London, and 1101 to 1101 for short sight.
The cotton market was steady. Sales reached 1,000 bales,
closing firm. Flour heavy; demand moderate; market
closed at lower rate 3, especially for State descriptions.
Flour without change in prices ; sales less active. Wheat
irregular, with active sales ; market closed in favour ofpur-
chasers. Corn dull, and lower sales ; Western mixed, 61c.
to 62c.

NEW ORLEANS, Ara. 17.

Cotton firm. Sales 600 bales, at 101 c. to 101 c. for mid-
dling. Sales of the week, 2,950 bales. Flour quiet. Corn
quiet ; mixed, 55e. ; yellow, 65c. Provisions quiet, but
firm. Coffee firm; sales 900 bags, 131 c. to 16c. Stock
1,600 bags, against 21,000 last year.
Exchange on London, 1091 to 110, and with bills of lad-
ing 1081 to 109/ sight. Exchange on New York, to
per cent. premium.
Freights—Cotton to Liverpool, 19s. 0-32 d.
BUFFALO, AUG. 17.
Flour steady, demand moderate. Wheat in fair request.
Corn dull ; sales 17,000 bushels, at 50c.

OSWIEGA, Auo. 17.
Flour dull, unchanged. Wheat in good demand ; sales
6,000 bushels.

CHICAGO.
Flour active, and sc. to 100. lower. Wheat dull, and
lie. lower ; sales 80;090 bushels, at 80c. to gle.

CINCINNATI, Aro. 17.

Flour steady, unchanged ; supply exceeds demand.
Provisions quiet; nothing doing; holders firm. Money
market unchanged.

THE INVASION OF CALABRIA.

THE MASSACRES IN SYRIA.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
MESSINA, AUG. 21.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
BEYROUT, AUG. 16.

Probably as good a test as any of the condition of
Damascus, and of the success which has attended
the efforts of Fuad Pasha for the vindication of the
Sultan's authority and the re-establishment of order,
will be found in the fact that within the last few
days commercial remittances have been made from
there to merchants in Beyrout, and Moslem debtors
have begun to satisfy the claims of their Frank cre-
ditors. Further, Mahomedan dealers have recently
purchased largely for cash to send into the interior.
Fuad Pasha has not yet commenced public execu-
tions, and of course has created great impatience.
The reason of the delay has been a desire to discover
all who have been guilty of participation in the mas-
sacres, and to give to these executions the appear.
ance and character of a solemn work of retributive
justice, in order that it may serve as a terrible warn-
ing to all Moslems throughout the empire. There
are now 48 persons under sentence of death, who
will, doubtless, have been executed before the mail
leaves, and 350 found guilty of crimes for which the
punishment is death, all of whom it is believed will
be sentenced and executed accordingly, this week,
when Fuad Pasha declareS it his intention to satisfy
Europe, and to prove his master to be far less malade
than he is rumoured to be. Another motive for the
delay has been the wish to confront Ahmed Pasha,
the late Governor of Damascus, with his instru-
ments and accomplices in crime. This creature,
who was publicly degraded at Constantinople, was
sent off to the scene of his misdeeds last Sunday
under armed escort. He was expected to arrive on
Tuesday, when he was to be immediately tried—a
mere form, for the proofs of his guilt are inntmerable
and inexcusable—andexecuted, for which he is stated
to be quite prepared. His companion in crime and
fellow-conspirator against the Christians, Kurschid
Pasha, the late Governor of Beyrout, has written to
one of his friends here stating that he has not been
punished, but simply ordered to retire to his coun-
tryhouse, which he has done, The letter has been
placed in the hands of our present civil Governor
Mustapha Pasha, who is said to possess proofs
of Kurschid's guilt, including, among other things,
letters addressed to the Metawilehs, ordering them
to unite with the Druses against the Christians.
Until Kurschid Pasha shares the fate of Ahmed
Pasha the European and Christian inhabitants of
this town will not be satisfied. The wish for the
man's punishment proceeds from no unreasonable
craving for vengeance, but from the conviction of
his guilt.
As mentioned in a previous communication, Mr.
Cyril Graham went on a mission of inquiry into the
districts around Hasbeya and Rasheya. He started
on the Bth with an escort selected from among Abd-
el-Kader's faithful Algerians, and 20,000 piastres
given to him by Fund Pasha to relieve the more
immediate necessities of the Christians, of whom it
was represented 2,500, mostly widows and children,
were living on the charity of the Druses in a very
precarious and painful condition. On the morning
of the 9th he arrived at Rasheya, where out of a
population of upwards of 3,000 inhabitants, he found
alive no more than 1,100 souls, and of these only 76
were men, the rest having been slain or compelled
to fly for their lives hither. Mr arna'harrt had on
interview with the Druse chief, Khayai-el-Arim,
and subsequently with Mahommed-en-Nasar, who
was the chief instigator of the massacre of the 11th
of June. The assembling of the Christians and dis-
tribution of money among them excited the jealousy
and ill will of the Druses, who threateningly asked
what right Mr. Graham had to interfere in their
district, and gave him a very intelligible hint that
his life might pay the penalty of his interference.
This menace, especially when directed against an
Englishman, and one so well known as Mr. Graham,
is one of the worst features of the case, as showing
the degree of desperation to which the Druses are
excited. Indeed, they repeatedly boasted that if
the French landed they would sla7ughter all the
Christians and retire into the natural fastnesses of
the interior—the Lejah, from which it would be a
work of time and cost to expel them. From a
similar campaign Ibrahim Pasha returned with only
9,000 men out of an army of 40,000 men, and in
1852 a Turkish army was there most ignominiously
defeated. M °hammed openly stated that he and his
people despised the Sultan, and that they were con-
, vinced the slaughter of the Christians would be
acceptable to England as tending to reduce French
influence. The savage could not be persuaded of the
contrary, and appeared to believe that, come what
might, England would protect him. It is to be
hoped the first duty of the representative of the
English Government here will be to ascertainr.how
far men without the shadow of official authority
have dared to misrepresent English policy and to
calumniate our national character; and if it be
found that any one calling himself an Englishman
has, for the gratification of a miserable and idiotic
vanity, taught the Druses to believe that England,
out of a mean and ignoble jealousy of France, would
approve their slaughter of the Christians, and pro-
tect them from the just vengeance of the Porte and
other Powers, then let the man who has done this,
if there be any such, be rigorously punished. Let
no considerations of race or family interfere to im-
pede the course of justice, else how can we urge the
Sultan to punish Ahmed Pasha and others ? It is due
to our honour to ascertain who has inspired the
Druses with the belief that England would uphold
them in their blood-guiltiness, and to take such
measures as shall for ever destroy that belief.
From Rasheya Mr. Graham proceeded to Has-
hem where out of a population of 3,200 Christians
1,430 were found remaining, and th:se nearly all
women and children. From inquiries on the spot
the number slain in the massacre is estimated 1,300,
and the village presented the most horrible sight
that was perhaps ever witnessed. The corpses had
been left unburied and had been dessicated by the
Syrian sun. The Serai was full of them, and in the
upper rooms they were heaped in piles of from five
to six feet in height. The Emir S'aad-ed-Din had
been beheaded with the most revolting cruelty.
When the massacre commenced a Druse, more econo-
mical than the rest, remarked that if they hacked the
Christians to death as they were then doing their
clothes would be spoiled. He therefore suggested that
the Christians should be stripped before being mur-
dered, which was done accordingly. As Mr. Graham
and his companions passed through the rooms they
were followed by the widows of the dead praying
for vengeance, and by Druses who mocked at their
grief. One truculent savage was loud in his com-
plaints of the thickness of Christian skulls, on which
he had broken a silver-mounted pistol. It came out
that Osman Bey, who commanded the Turkish gar-
rison at Hasbeya, fired 27 rounds from a: gun which
he had, but from want of elevation the shots which
were intended for Druses hit the Christians, who
were thus placed between two fires. Whether the
depression of the gun was intentional or not it is
difficalt to say. Be that as it may, Osman Bey is
kept a close prisoner in barracks here, and is in ex-
pectation of being shot.
On the 12th August Mr. Cyril Graham returned
to Damascus, the day of the arrival of Major FrasP-
who, accompanied by the English Co.-
t:
James Brand, had an intery l Mr
-w of several hour.
s
with Fuad Pasha, Graham's views and recom-
mendations for saving the Christians were warmly
seconded Hag the English diplomatic agents, and the
eatilt has been the despatch of a Turkish force to
r
remove the Christians from the power of the Druses.

Last night news arrived from the other side.
Garibaldi was in the neighbourhood of Reggio, and
had been joined by several hundred Calabreso
Volunteers. His intention was to be in Reggio to-
day at dawn. In the latter place there were but
700 men of the garrison, and these were not in the
town, but outside on the road where Garibaldi was
coming. The town was in the hands of 1,500 Na-
tional Guards who were ready to join Garibaldi.
That very day 500 more muskets had been distri-
buted by the Neapolitans to the National Guard.
The letter contained an order for the second brigade
of Turr's Division to embark in the harbour of Mes-
sina during the night and be on the other side
towards dawn. At the same time it was ordered
that as soon as the attack on Reggio took place
Cosenz's Division at the Faro should make an effort
to effect a landing, and thus cause a diversion
on that side. Garibaldi's letter sent yesterday con-
tained a request to the commander of the Carlo
Alberto to go down and help to get off the Torino.
The request was made accordingly, and the Carlo
Alberto proceeded yesterday evening towards
Melito. Whether the Torino can ever be made to
float again, and whether she will be even then
worth anything, remains to be seen, for yesterday
at dawn a Neapolitan frigate and a steamer, which
had been sent down at the first notice of the land-
ing, opened fire on the stranded vessel and kept it
up for some time. The French packet was just
passing when this took place, but owing to the
haze could not tell what the effect of the Neapolitan
fire had been.

The order concerning the embarkation of the
second brigade of Turr's Division was immediately
given, and by 1 a.m. in the morning the brigade
was ready to embark in the Queen of England, the
Franklin, and the Sidney Hall, which had arrived
with some hundred men in the evening from Genoa.
But it seems the Neapolitans got information on
the subject, for one of their large frigates placed her-
self right at the entrance of the harbour, so that all
idea of going out with the steamers had to be given
up.

This morning at daybreak there was a heavy fire
of musketry, first in the vicinity and then in Reggio
itself. Two Neapolitan steamers and five gunboats
soon opened fire likewise. This firing lasted for
several hours; after some time the fort of Reggio
joined also. About 8 a.m. the musketry fire ceased,
but the ships continued to fire on the town. About
9 a.m. the fort, which had ceased firing for some
time, commenced again, but no answer was returned
from the shipping. It is past noon, and the firing
has ceased on that side, but no notice has as yet
reached us of the success or failure of the attack en
11,-ggio. The firing of the Neapolitan ships on the
town would make one suppose that the forces under
Garibaldi had entered Ihe town, while the begin-
ning of the cannonade from the fort seems to indi-
cate that the Neapolitans had withdrawn to the
fort.

While this was passing towards Reggio a part of
Cosenz's Division embarked in boats at the Faro.
It was broad daylight when the expedition started,
in spite of four Neapolitan steamers which were
cruising in the neighbourhood. Two others which
were on their way to Reggio turned likewise as
soon as they saw the movement from the Faro. All
these steamers approached the fort of the Fiumara,
towards which the expedition had started, and
opened fire, as well as the three forts of Scylla,
Fiumara, and Punta di Pozzo. The batteries on the
Faro opened also for the first time. A well-sus-
tained fire was kept up on both sides till 9 a.m., but
as at Reggio, we are still in the dark as to how
far the disembarkation has been successful.

10 A.M.

The firing at Reggio has again begun. The sound
of musketry is distinctly heard in the town, and the
fort is likewise firing towards the town. This leaves
no doubt that the town has been entered by our

Hassan Bey was sent down here from Damascus
with special instructions from Fuad Pasha, in accor-
dance with which a Turkish liner steamed out on
the evening of the 14th, with a battalion of 850 men
on board, for Sidon, and Hassan Bey left yesterday
afternoon for the same destination in a Turkish
gunboat, to take command of the expedition. The
instructions are most precise and emphatic for the
safety of the Christians, in whose defence the Tur-
kish soldiers are told they ought not to hesitate to
shed their last drop of blood. When the Christians
are in safety it is probable that Hassan Bey will
unite under his command the Turkish garrisons
and tribes willing to fight against the Druses, and
establish himself in force either in Rasheya or
in Hasbeya, with a view to maintain com-
munications between Sidon and Damascus, and
at the same time intercept the Druses who may
seek to retire from hereabout into the Haouran.
The line is one of considerable strategical impor-
tance. If occupied in force, it divides the
Druses, and compels them to act separately,
while by cutting off their line of retreat on the
Lejah it may the sooner bring about their submis-
sion. Within the last few days Fuad Pasha has
detached a column from the garrison of Damascus,
consisting of 3,000 infantry, a battery of horse ar-
tillery, a regiment of regular cavalry, and detach-
ments of irregular cavalry. The destination of the
column is unknown, but it took the direction of
Aleppo. The movement shows that Fuad Pasha,
feels himself secure, and sure of the fidelity of his
troops, notwithstanding the " shaves" circulated
here of his having been compelled to shut himself
up in the castle, and of the wholesale desertion of
the troops. Of " shaves" there is no lack, and it
is pretty certain that many will find their way
into official despatches, especially in those written
by foreign, Consular agents. I could cite a few
which have been credited, and upon the faith of
which representations have been made to the Tur-
kish authorities much to their perplexity, while
proceedings have been insisted upon greatly to the
impediment of public business. I fancy our Con-
sul-General, Mr. Moore, must be often puzzled to
discriminate between truth and the craven exag-
geration of the Levantine mind.

A rumour was circulated, and generally believed,
that a meeting of Druse chiefs had been held to
consult upon their position in respect of foreign
intervention, and that it had been decided not to
resist. I believe that up to the present time no
general course of action has been decided upon, or
any regularly official meeting of the representa-
tives of the Druse nation held. A few Sheiks,
like those at Rasheya, may have boasted of what
they meant to do, but anything like a national
policy is unknown. Last week the son of Hotar
Beg Amad died of his wounds, received in the fight
before Zahleh. It is reported by a Druse Sheik—
with what truth I know not—that immediately
upon his son's death Hotar Beg Amad set out on a
journey with some followers, and gave orders that
the body was not to be interred until after his
return. In a few days he came back and
gave permission for the funeral to proceed,
as he had killed four, some say seven, Chris.-
tians. Even if this report be not true, it shows
what must be the tone of the native Christian. so-
ciety for it to be credited. According to Druse eti-
quette, all the neighbouring chiefs, or their vakeels
(official representatives), are bound to offer condo-
lence (a hod hater) to the parents. Consequently
there was an assembly of Sheiks at Brih, the chief
place of the Amads, which may have given rise to
the report about the meeting ; and it is quite pos-
sible that after their condolences had been offered
the Sheiks may have conversed among themselves
and with Hotar Beg respecting the future line of
policy to be pursued by the Druse nation. What-
ever decision was arrived at, if any was come to at
all, would be binding only on those who were pre-
sent ; and unless its publication was deemed benefi-
cial we shall know nothing about it. Up to the
time of the death of Hotar Beg Amad's son it was
the intention of the Drusm Sheiks to lay a joint
statement of their case before Vice-Admiral Martin,
in which they were to set forth their perfect wil-
lingness to la, tried by any court that might be ap.
p...;"1-.a, provide/I th. Would give them the
guarantee of England that they should have fair
play, that their persons should not be seized during
trial, and that no harm should come to them if they
spoke the truth. The last condition, is very signifi-
tent. It would argue that the Druses feel them-
selves certain of being able to prove that in all they
did they had the authority of the Turkish officials,
and this agrees with the information I have received
as to the existence of proofs of Kurschid Pasha's
guilt. It is not improbable that the Druses may
have other evidence establishing the complicity of
other parties, which I hope to be able to forward
by the next mail. If this surmise be correct, they
will indeed require protection. One of their Sheiks
said the other day---" How dare I tell the truth,
unless I have security that no harm will befall me
for doing so ? But give us the guarantee of Eng-
land for a fair trial, and every Druse you may re-
quire shall attend the court, be he peasant or
Sheik, and abide its verdict." One word more with
respect to the Druses. They have been cruel, fierce,
and bloodthirsty, but they are not guilty of any of
the outrages that have been perpetrated upon women.
The widows of the slain say—" We saw our hus-
bands butchered before our eyes, but truth compels
us to state that no Druse offered the slightest insult
to a woman." Wherever outrages of this nature
were committed they were deeds of Turkish soldiers
and Moslems. The greatest enemies of the Druses
never accuse them of violence to women. Not a
finger would they lay upon a woman, and hardly
would they look her in the face, if she were a
stranger. Greek' Catholics, Orthodox Greeks, and
even Jews have been accused of having joined the
Druses against the Maronites, of having taken more
than their fair share of the plunder, and of having
insulted the women. In fact the Jews are stated
to be deeply implicated in the atrocities at Damas-
cus, but I trust the charge may prove unfounded.
Yesterday a second caravan of about 2,000 Chris-
tians came in from Damascus, and stories are cur-
rent of some of the women having been violated by
the soldiers of the escort. The thing is incredible
when it is remembered that the crime must have
been committed in public. At the quarantine out-
side the town there are some 2,000 refugees from
the massacre of Deir-el-Kamar. They seem to be
better cared for than the Damascenes, and are
allowed by the Turkish Government two piastres a
day. Still their condition is pitiable in the extreme.
Of one family the mother and four daughters alone
remain. Several of the widows are eneiente, and
one mother showed me the skullcap of her son,
which she had kept hidden in her bosom for the
last six weeks. It was all stained with blood.
The Anglo-American Committee have received
intelligence from London of much needed remit-
tances having been made, but in consequence of
some informality they are not available, or, at least,
were not so up to yesterday. This is all the more
to be regretted, as money is urgently wanted, and I
would beg leave to suggest making the able-bodied
recipients of the charity do something towards
earning it. The roads round Beyrout are wretched.
With the amount of labour here they might be put
into tolerable condition. A. labour test would
greatly lighten the work of the Committee, for it
was only the other day that a person who was on
the relief list wrote to say he had a mare which
lie should feel obliged by the missionaries putting
on thehe B
l f iosroytasltso.
T
hone came in to-day with half the 16th
battalion Foot Chasseurs. The remainder, with
a battery of artillery and a company of engineers,
arrived later in the Amerique. General Beaufort
d'Hautpool was
the on board the Amerique. Already
aTpearance of foreign troops has been the signal
for the manifestation of ill-feeling between Christian
and Moslem. Partial fights have taken place in
Beyrout.

UTITAMPToN, Thursday.—It has been blowing
a gale hero for nearly 24 hours. The wind has been so
strong even in the docks that the Royal Mail steamer
Oneida could not be swung there to adjust her compasses
previous to her taking out the Brazil mail on the ath of
next month.
EXTRAORDINARY ATTRMPT AT FRAUD.—Whilst
hay was fetching £5 a ton, a well-to-do farmer in the Isle
of Man hid himself in a load, and his weight of course wax
added to that of the hay. Before the hay was shipped the
trick was detected, and after another weighing 7s. Od. was
deducted from the price.—Cumberland _racquet.