The Sun.
London, England, 1869-09-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TICI'SDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2, 1A69.

LONDON AND NORTH - WESTERN
RAILWAY.
SEVEN OR FOURTEEN DAYS IN IRELAND.
On FRIDAY, September 3rd, a CHEAT EXCURSION will
leave Euston Station at 9.50 a.m., and Camden 9.ss—Trains in
connection will also be run from Clapham Junction, Victoria
(L. B. and S. C. Side), Battersea, Chels: a, West Brompton, and
Kensington, Broad-street (City), Dalston, andHighbur y—fo r
DUBLIN via 11 olyhPad. Returning 10th September, or on any
week-day up to 17th September.
Faro fer the Double Journey :
To return 10th September only. To return h
any
Septembereek-day up;
17t
335.
435.
to be had at the Stations; Par-
ize's Tourist Office, 163, Strand.
ELL, General Manager.

Covered Cars and Deck 21s.
First Class and Saloon 4os.
For full particulars, see Bills,
eels Receiving Offices; and at G

W. CAWKI
Euston Station, August, 181

!`COMPENSATION IN CASE OF INJURY,
AND
A FIXED SUM IN CASE OF DEATH
Caused by ACCIDENT OF ANY K 1
D, may be secured by a
Policy of the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY.
An Annual Payment of £3 to £6 ss. insures £l,OOO at Death,
and an Allowance at the rate of £6 per week for Injury.
RAILWAY ACCIDENTS ALONE may be provided against
by Insurance Tickets for Single or Double Journies.
-For particulars apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, to
She Local Agents, or at the Offices, 51, COENGILL and 10, REGENT
STREET, LONDON.

[WILLIAM J. VIAN Secretary.

THE UNITED LAND COMPANN
(Limited).

The Holder: of the INTEREST WARRANTS for the
INTERIM DIVIDEND et the rate of 5 per cent. per annum,
for the four minths ending 31st July, are requested to present
the same for PAYMENT forthwith. at the Offices, 33, Norfolk-
street, Strand, W.C.
By order of the Board.
CHARLES LEWIS GRUNEESEg,
Secretary.

HE NEVADA FREEHOLD PROPERTIES
T
TRUST (Registration is not Required for Trust
Properties).—Subscription, £340,000, in Certificates of £2
each, bearing interest 12} per Cent., payable to Bearer ;
Li on Application, and £1 on Issue of Certificates. No
further Liability whatever.

TRUSTEES.
The Honourable James Tobin.
Major- General T. E. Monk Mason.
Lieutenant-Colonel P. L. C. Paget.
Charles F. Heneage, Esq.
John R. L. Walmaley, Esq.
BANKERS.—The National Provincial Bank of England
and all the Branches.
AUDITORS.—Messrs. Johnstone, Cooper, Wintle, and
Evans, 8, Coleman-street-buildings, E.C.
SOLICITORS.—iVaImsIey an
uildhall. d Co., Gresham-buildings,
G
SECRETARY, PRO TEM.—C. EL Thomas, Esq.
Office —22, Moorgate-street.
The object of this Trust is to purchase the Fee Simple
or Freehold of Twenty-four large Estates in Nevada
namely, Twenty-two unencumbered Freehold Silver
Mining Properties, giving a total measurement of 52,200
lineal feet (or nearly ten miles), all of which are let on
leases, and Two Estates of Fine Pine Woodlands, com-
prising nearly six square miles.
L Rentals above £52,000 annually, with Royalties in-
creasing yearly, raising the income to nearly £70,000 as
the minimum.
2. Twelve and a half per cent. interest during the whole
term of the Trust (17 years); all the Certificates to be re-
paid in full to holders, by yearly drawings within that
period.
3. A fourth of the subscriptions for Certificates at the
Bankers reserved as guarantee for the first two years' in-
terest.
4. The Certificates to be payable to holder or bearer.
5. At the termination of the Trust the Freehold Proper-
ties will be realised and the proceeds divided between the
Certificate holders in proportion to the amount of the
Coupons of Reversion held by each.
6. The Trust is not required to provide working capital
or machinery, or to incur expenses of any kind, as the
lessees employ their own means to develope the pro-
perties.
Within three months from the allotment of Certificates
a General Meeting of Certificate holders will be convened
to appoint a Committee in the terms of the Trust Deed.
The Contract and Trust Deed, together with Forms of
the Certificates, maps, plans, certified copies of records,
reports, &c., may be seen at the Offices of the Solicitors to
the Trust, where also can be obtained Prospectuses and
Forms of Application, and at the Offices of the Trust, 22,
Moorgate-street, E.C.

A GENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE
to introduce commodi ies valuable to every householder
high and low. This offers a highly remunerative Commission to
Tradesmen, Travellers, Gentlemen's Servants, ate. Apply with
two stamps to It. 3IARRISON, Great Orford-street,Norwich.

(011 N GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
TOOTH PASTE is greatly superior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from dec►y, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to
the breath. Price Is. 6d.—Red Bull Wharf, 93, Upper
Thames-street, London.

UNFURNISHED APARTAIENTS TO LET,
consisting of Three Rooms and Dressing Room, with use
of Kitchen. Niee uhtrden. Four minutes' wall; to "Bus and Ra:l
to City and West-end.-44, St. Paul's-road, Camden-square,

THEATRE R() YAL. DRURY-LANE.
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. F. 2. Ohatt.rton.
THIS EVENINn, at 7, ItELLE4 OF TIIE KITCHEN.
At 8, FORMOS.A. new four-act Drama, by Dion Boucicsult
Slessrs. Barrett, H. Irving, David Fisher, Brittsin Wright.
lohl, rouse; Mr.: Billington, Alizses 31. Brennan, Macdonald.
lnrl Katharine Rodgers.
To conclude With the farce cf BORROWED PLUMES.

rrlIF, c,bUN" NEWSPAPETI.—C;.II. G LEXIE

delis .trs the LATE EDITION at Chelsea, 7.40 ; Kilburn
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QPORTING.—JOHN ROBERTS supplies tht
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rf HE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN"
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TILE LATE EDITION of "THE SUN" at
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rr HE LATE EDITION of " TIIE SUN' a
1 JAMES SPEEDY'S, "The-Wellington,"Wellington-streel
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I HE THIRD EDITION OF « THE SUN,''
giving all the SPORTING NEWS of the day, maybe seen
at JEM kiY MANTON'S house, "The Swan and Horse Shoe,"
Little Britain, City, E.C.

(SHE LATEST EDITION of " THE SUN "
supplied, as soon as published, Every Evening, by \V
ALEXANDER (late Brooks), Newspaper Agent, ho. 4, Old
Cavendish street, Oxford-street.

THEATRE-ROYAL DRURY-L ANE.
ole Lessee and 'Manager, Mr. F. B. Chatterton.
THIS EVENING, at 7, BELLES OF THE KITCHEN. At 8,
FORMOS .1 : Messrs. Barrett, Fl Irving, David Fisher, Brittain.
Wright, R
John Rouse: Mrs Billington, Misses M. Brennan, Mac-
donald and Katharine odgers. Conclude with BORROWED
PL UM L S

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manageress. Mrs. Swanborourth.
tris EN/MING. at 7.30, AMONG TIIE BREAKERS: Mr
Clarke. THE TOODLES. And THE PILGRIM OF LOVE
Messrs. E. Terty, Bruce, &c.; Mesdames Richardson, Newton,
Fosbrooke, &o , _

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. THREE BALLETS
Promenade Concert. Band of 60. Begin at 3. le. Box-office
open fromll to 4.

CEIRISTY MINSTRELS, St. James's Hall, Every Night, at 8
Wednesdays and Saturdays, at I and 8 all the year round.

ZOOLOGIC4L GA.ROENS, Regent's- ark, OPEN daily (ex-
cept Suudayb). Adin.Aselon, le.; ph *Adage, GI Children
114411;114040) o_l4

da
AvejOy
.45')

LONDON, 711URSDAY, SEPT. 2, 1869.

Don JLTAN, otherwise the Count DE REL'S, other-
wise the Marquis DE LOS CASTF:LLEGOS, otherwise
General, or, in fact, now, more correctly, Marshal
PRIM, the Leader of the Spanish Revolutionists, the
Pacificator and actual Ruler of Spain since the date
of the overthrow of the whole fabric of Monarchical
Government in that country, is signalising at this
moment, in a remarkable manner, the utter collapse,
rather than the complete suppression, of the Carlis t
movement. Leaving the Regent SEnnallo at Madrid,
Punt, the real Master of the Situation, is at this mo-
ment relaxing his rather overwrought energies by
enjoying a holiday excursion to the north of the
Pyrenees. If matters were not in a safe and
sP. tiL•fictory condition at the Spanish Capital,
we may be quite certain of this that Marshal Pent
would not be absenting himself from Madrid very
willingly. Expatriated as he has often been, he has
won for himself so recently the absolute mastery of
the fortunes of his country, that he would hardly
slacken his grasp of the reins of Government for the
mere sake of the luxury of a little repose, during this
month of September, unless he saw and knew for that
matter that he could do so with impunity. Born in
1811, he is now inhis fifty-eighth year, strong through
the very misfortunes he has had to endure, and
taught by a wonderful variety of political ex-
periences. A Castalian by birth, he has, now,
throughout the lifetime of a whole generation,
shown himself to be intensely alive to the
necessity of vindicating, at' all hazard to his own
person and individual fortunes, the honour and
glory of the whole race of the Spaniards. In the de-
velopment or manifestation of his ambition as a
Patriot, PRIM has shown himself to be, at any rate
during the last quarter of a century, now as an Exile,
now as an Insurgent, now as a Revolutionary Leader,
now as a Minister or Administrator, persistent and
thorough in his consistency. During the first ten
years of his public life, namely, from 1833 until
1843, he was, in his capacity as a soldier, it is true, a
devoted adherent of the Child-Queen ISABELLA 11.,
and, during the first three or four of those ten
years, an earnest champion of the interests of the
Queen-Mother CHRISTINA. His entrance as an
officer into the Royal army occured in 1833, simul-
taneously with ISABELLA'S ascension. It was in
1837 that he was promoted to his Colonelcy.
CIIRIS-
TINA having been expelled from Spain, PRIM asso-
ciated himself with the political party then opposed to
ESPAP.TERO'S dictatorship—namely, the great, and
powerful, and -intelligent party of the I'rogressistas.
In 1842 he was charged with complicity in the in-
surrectionary movement at Saragossa and, in conse-
quence of this accusation, crossed the Pyrenees into
France, where he for a time allied himself with the
little group who were conspiring to aid Queen
CHRISTINA in bringing about a reaction, or, in other
words, a restoration. In the year following, that
is, in 1813, he returned into. Spain, however, having
been elevated to a seat in the Cortes as representa-
tive of the city of Barcelona. In that character he
took part in the coalition which was then brought
about between the hitherto divided foes of Es-
P.arrrErto, the Christinos, and the Progres3istas.
PRIM could do so consistently, for, in point of fact,
he was both one and the other, he was a Christino
and he was a Progressista. Leading a revolt in the
May of 1813 at his native place, Rens, he and his
followers were driven out of that town by Zunnaso,
' one of Esr.v.rmuo's ikutenants. PRIM, in his dis-
comfiture, found refuge, however, among his own
coustitueLts at Barcelona. • Shortly after, xards
came the downfall of- Don BALDOMEP.O Es-
PARTERO, Marshal and Regent of Spain,
and PI ince of VITTORIA EsrarrrEno's over-

throw bringing Qicen CHRISTINA back to power,
and, among other changes, winning for Dos JUAN
Pram the rank of General, the title of COUNT of
REus, and the position of G-ivernor of the Capital.
A revolt breaking out soon after this at Barcelona,
General Plum was de: patched thither by CHRISTINA'S
Government, with a view to insure in the most effec-
tual way the supprersion of the insurrectionary move-
ment. The authorities were in this, however, entirely

disappointed in their expectations. Instead of put-
ting down the insurgents with a strong hand, PRIM,
for the better carrying out of his own personal
ambition, it was thought, kept alive the popular
turmoil for the better part of a whol twelvemonth in
those disturbed districts of Ca.taloaia. In conse-
quence of the suspicions, or rather worse than
merely vague suspicions, he had thus excited, he
was arraigned at the bar of justice on two very
heir.ous charges—first of all, on the charge of High
Treason, and, iu the next place, ou the distinct
charge of complicity in the attempt which had been
made at NARVAEZ'S assassination. It is hardly
necessary to remind any one nowadays of the fact,
that, upon the latter accusation, Punt was fully and
honourably acquitted. Upon the former, however,
he was condemned under a modified sen-
tence of incarceration. . Thereupon for s)me

time his patriotic ardour was not unnaturally
chilled and repressed. Until 1853, in fact, he seemed
to shrink from publicity. In that year, however, he
took service under VIER PACIIA, and wan fresh dis-

tinction, at the point of his sword, in Silistria. Re-
called, in 1855, by his faithful constituency at Bar-
celona, to a seat as once more Deputy in the Cortes,
General Punt, some two or three years afterwards,
was elevated to the rank of Senator. lie was then
Lieutenant-General of Spain and Captain-General of
Grenada. In 1860 hereaped fresh laurels in Morocco,
and towards the close of 1861 was appointed to take
command of the SpaniSh Expedition then intended
to act in concert wittl the forces of France and

England against President JUAREZ, the then leader
of the Mexican Government. It was on the 4th of
January, 1866, that General PP, D 1 raised in Spain,
ineffectually, as the event proved, the standard of
insurrection. The rest of his public history is too
vividly within the remembrance of us all to require,
here, any precise record by way of reminder. The
whole is within our immediate observation. SERRANO
is there nominally, it is true, as Regent, at the head of
the Revolutionised Spanish Government. But the
real head of that Government, the actual Master of
the Situation, as we have said, is, within the recogni-
tion of all Europe, Paus. Pant, in effect, is PREMIER.
Ile has the laws of Spain at his commanding. And
so firmly has he secured his ascendancy, that he can
enjoy, that he is actually at this moment enjoying, a
holiday excursion beyond the Pyrenees.

THE land question of Ireland is a social problem of
exceeding difficulty, but it may be entered upon with
a feeling of confidence, which may justly be derived
from past experience. Had no improvement been
visible in the condition of the sister isle, had
the position of to-day been the position
of half a century ago, the despair shewn
in some quarters, the policy of inaction
so freely advocated, might have appeared reasonable.
But scarcely any country in the world has made
greater progress of late years than this " hopeless "
province across the St. George's Channel. The
entire social organisation of the country has changed
within the memory of the generation now living.
Twenty years ago Ireland was burdened with an
enormous excess of inhabitants, and this population
exiAted iu the worst ponible relations, Vae auta-

gonism of race and creed was then at its height.
The land was mostly in the hands of owners
who never visited their property. Nume-
rous landlords were unable to fulfil a

single duty of their position ; they could neither
make improvements, nor pay others for making
them. Other landlords were able, but were not
willing, to discharge their obligations. In many
other instances, "middlemen," interposing between
the owner and the occupier, worked infinite
mischief. Worse than all, the entire land was
overspread by a dense cottier population—a class
without hope, condemned first to serfdom and
penury, and in the end to pauperism and want.
Whatever disputes there may be as to this or that
point of the land question, it is now pretty well
agreed that of all forms of tenure that of a cottier is
the worst. The system arose through the deficiency
of capital. The farmer, unable to pay wages in
money, delivered to his labourer a piece of bind
ready manured, the rent of which was worked out
in labour at a money valuation. The effect of this
tenure is that the plots of land are open
to the competition of the whole population,
and the labour rent is soon forced to the
highest possible point. The land is a fixed
quantity, and as the population increases so does the
rent of the cottier plots. No prudence on the part
of the cottier can prevent his neighbour over-bidding
him. The ultimate effect in Ireland was that the
peasantry were saddled with more labour-rent than
they could possibly pay, and were always in debt.
The hopeless misery of such an existence grew more
intense year after year, until a terrible affliction
brought the end. The potato crop failed, the famine
ensued, and the masses of wretched humanity
sought refuge from death in an unparalleled emigra-
tion. Since then the state of the country has
rapidly improved. Such of the cottiers as were left
have been transformed into agricultural labourers.
Wages are higher, the absentee landlords are
fewer, landed property hal; Imprvytil, cus woll as agri-
culture, and millions of waste acres have been
reclaimed. The worst features of "landlordism" have
vanished—let us hope for ever.

It is often asked, Why, if time has brought about
all these improvements, should not the same agency
be allowed to complete the work ? The answer is
simple. These changes have not come in the natural
order of things. It was not in the course of nature
that half a nation crossed the Atlantic; that a strin-
gent Poor Law assisted this emigration,"and prevented
more pauperism from settling on the Irish soil ; that
good laws were made to simplify and reform tenures,
and to attract capital to the forsaken country;
that the Imperial Exchequer was made to contribute
loans for the improvement of landed property. -Yet
it is to these reforms that the progress of the last
twenty years is owing. Surely the same means
may yet further amend these good results.
If wise laws have commenced the work
of mercy, more wise laws should be allowed
to carry it on. There are yet very many
sore grievances in Ireland which await" reform. The
same picture is a fair representation of the entire
country, if Ulster be excepted. The owner and the
occupier are generally of different religious creeds,
and the landlord is very often an absentee;
but these can be accounted only as of minor
import. The worst evil of the landed system in
Ireland is that the tenant farmer is almost univer-
sally unprotected by a lease or other security.
Some leases are granted, but the majority of tenants
may be changed at the will of the owner, at
short notice. The evils which arise from
this state of affairs are aggravated by the
fact that improvements in land are, as a
general rule, the work of the occupier. The owner
seldom does anything to amend his property, and yet
he may, and sometimes does, appropriate the fruits
of the farmer's labour without paying a farthing in
return. It is in his power to expel a tenant after
the latter has laid out a considerable sum in money,
the land being then relet at a higher rate. It often
happens that a new tenant pays money to the old
one for the goodwill of his holding, and for the
improvements which he has made. But this payment
confers no right of any kind upon the new corner.
He may be turned out at a brief notice immediately
of ter taking possession of the holding for which he
has paid.

It is clear that such a landed system con-
fers great and unreasonable powers on the land-
lord. True the arbitrary exercise of such power is
not very common. Good landlords, who will not
take an unfair advantage, are to be found in Ireland
as elsewhere, and, moreover, a terrible revenge too
often awaits the owner who " does what he likes
with his own." But oppression is not unfre-
quent. The most common form of it is when the
landlord raises the rent in consequence of improve-
ments which the tenant bimself has effected. In
some cases notices to quit are regularly served every
year in order to give the landlord the opportunity
of adding as much rent as he pleases. This
sort of oppression, of course, has its limit ; but
grievous injury may be inflicted before that
limit is reached. Eviction does occur under
deplorable circumstances. The vote of the tenant
" goes with the land." In one or two instances
the widows of tenants have been forbidden to
remarry ! On another occasion, just brought before
the public a widow who had lost husband, son, and
daughter wished to have her surviving daughter
in the house, but was informed that "the rules of
the estate " would not permit this companion to
reside on the same holding with her. The widow
took her daughter and was turned out. These acts
of tyranny are grievous, but there is a worse result
of the land system—worse, because it is of more
general effect. More detrimental than any actual
oppression is the feeling of insecurity which is every-
where the consequence of a one-sided land tenure.
A man will do much for property which is
his own, he will do something for a tenancy
which is secured to him for a moderate period, but
he will seldom do anything on land which may at
any time be given to another occupier. When
the reputation of the landlord is high, the tenant
will expend his money on the good faith
of the owner. In all cases he must, in order to live,
make certain improvements when the landlord
will not. But it is clear that the natural result of a
tenancy-at-will is to restrict the development of the
soil's resources, and to hamper the industry of the
occupier. It is idle to assert that such conditions
are the same as those under which we manage
pretty well in England. There is much
tenancy-at-will in the larger island, but the attendant
circumstances are very different. The farmer is
generally well-to-do, often wealthy, and is not at the
mercy of the landlord as is the Irish peasant. The
improvements in England are, for the most part,
made by the owner ; in Ireland the greater part of
the work falls on the occupier. There is none of that
want of sympathy between the two parties in England
which in Ireland is engendered by difference of race
and religion. And, lastly, England does not need to
be rescued from a condition of hopeless misery, as
the sister isle, to a certain extent, yet does. The
evil is peculiar, and the remedies must be peculiar
also.

SII:ES AND SONS.—Mr. George Horcan, a fa-mer
at Liscortlo, in Ireland, has been gored to deL.tla by a bull.
About ten yea' s ago Mr. Ilorean's father was killed in the
same way by a sire of the same animal.
The iron-clad double screw turret ship Cerberus,
4, 250-horse power, in the fourth dock at Chatham,
has bad a number of additional shipwrights and
mechanics placed on board, in order that the work
of fitting and completing her may he carried on as
expeditiously as possible. She is to bo fitted with
a fore and aft deck to enable her to be navigated
out to Australia, as it would be dangerous to
despatch her round the Cape i❑ her present condi-
tion without bulwarks, and with her exceedingly
low freeboard. The deck with which the Cerberus
is to be fitted will be removed as soon as she arrives
at Melbourne. Her steering apparatus will also
require to undergo some improvement, the Cerberus
during her late repeated trials having been found
to steer very badly. A number of hired mechanics
have been entered at the dockyard for service on
bond the Cerberue.