The Sun.
London, England, 1860-02-09 00:00:00

AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY.
The screw steamship Anglo-Saxon, Captain Bal-
lantyne, which landed the Irish portion of the Ca-
nadian mails at Queenstown yesterday, arrived in
the Mersey today. Her advices are to the 28th
ult.

The Teutonia had arrived out.
The Senate was not in session. Tho House of
Representatives had adjourned for a few days, after
another ineffectual attempt to elect a Speaker. The
division last stood :
" Whole number of votes .
Necessary to a choice
Mr. Sherman had
Mr. Smith (North Carolina)
Mr. Corwin 4
Scattering
The discussion which led to the division was as
follows :
" Mr. Mallory said his party yesterday voted for
one of their own members, Mr. Smith, of North
Carolina, bt.lieving his name would result in the
organisation of the House. Gentlemen on the
other side had said they were willing to vote for
some sound, national man of the American party,
and elect him to the Speaker's chair. Hence Mr.
Smith was voted for by the Americans, on the faith
of implied pledges. He (Mallory) had been ap-
proached by gentlemen on all sides, who stated they
did not like that way of putting the gentleman for-
ward, and claimed that, in order that they should
understand what they were doing, his friends
should formally nominate him this morning. In
compliance with their wishes he had been instructed
by his party to nominate Mr. Smith, of North Caro-
lina, as their nominee for the Speakership. Mr.
Adrian called attention to the statement in
the Arew York nibune, that he and cer-
tain other Anti-Lecomptonites were chosen by
Repuillican votes, with the understanding they
would assist the Republicans in organizing the
house. The house voted for Speaker amid much
excitement. The South Americans voted for Smith,
of North Carolina. Various Democrats, now seeing
there was a prospect of an election, changed their
votes to him. Some made brief explanations to the
effect that they wanted to promote harmony in the
contest. There was frequent applause, and marked
attention was paid on all sides. Morris, of Penn-
sylvania, Millward, Nixon, Scranton and Wood,
who had voted heretofore for Sherman, now voted
for Smith. Before the result was announced there
was a change in the current of feeling. John Coch-
rane rose to give his reasons why he could not vote
for Smith. Several gentlemen endeavoured to de-
prive him of the floor by raisin..b points of order
on him. In conclusion Mr. Cochrane changed hie
vote to Mr. Millson ; he could vote for none but a
Democrat. Other explanations were made bye
Democrats for a change of their votes to Smith.
Mr. M'Clernand said, as it was now in the power of
the Democratic party proper to elect Smith, he
changed his vote for him, and expressed the hope
thatthe Democrats of the'north-west would give him
their support. Bocock made a short speech. He
was always willing to unite on any soand man, and
voted for Smith. Other Democratic changes were
made to Smith, accompanied with occasional re-
marks, some saying they desired to give peace to
the country and strike a blow at the irrepressible
conflict, preferring a national Whig to a sectional
Republican. Mr. Morris, of Illinois, said, if his
vote could elect Smith he would not give it.
Other explanations were made favourable to chang-
ing for Smith. Intense interest was expressed
throughout the proceedings. More short speeches
were made. Mr. Cobb made a humorous speech
by way of exhortation to his dissenting poli-
tical friends to come up to the support of
Smith. He called attention to tho fact that men of
all parties voted for him. If gentlemen did not
now avail themselves of the present opportunity
they never would come nearer to electineb a nominee
who was opposed by the Republicans. Mr. Ruffin,
as the only man standing aloof from the southern
phalanx voted, after explanation, for Smith, saying
he had been encouraged by his northern Democra•
tie colleague to do so. Other explanations fol-
lowed. Messrs. English and Niblack voted for
Smith, as the contest narrowed down between them,
a Republican and an American. Mr. Morris, of
Illinois, wanted Mr. Smith to any for himself whe-
ther he repudiated the doctrines of the Know-
Nothings. Several Democrats stated that they had
heard this fact from his own lips. Mr. Burnett
thought they ought to let patriotism be above party
at this crisis. Mr. Morris wanted Mr. Smith to
answer the question. Mr. Clemens and others ob-
jected to Mr. Smith's responding. Mr. Clemens
wanted a mau to go into the chair untrammelled,
as a fair and honest man. Other votes were
changed for Smith, and were greeted with applause.
Mr. Morris, of Illinois, finally came over to Smith,
being satisfied he was not a Know-Nothing. Tre-
mendous applause followed. Several other Demo-
crats changed to Smith, among them John Coch-
rane, who had learned that Mr. Smith never was a
member of a Know-Nothing lodge, but that he was
an old line Whig. and a representative of national
principles. (Applause followed.) The interest in-
creased as the House neared an election. Mr. Barr
changed his vote to Smith. Mr. Sherman voted
for Corwin, when Mr. Jenkins changed from Smith
to Sherman, thus spoiling for the time an election.
Mr. Scranton withdrew his vote from Smith, and
put Corwin in nomination. Cries of too late' and
much sensation. Messrs. Vallandighan and Cox
changed to Smith. Two more votes were now un-
derstood to be required to elect Smith. Intense
interest was everywhere manifested. Mr. Morris, of
Pennsylvania, understanding that the Republicans
would present Mr. Corwin, withdrew his name
from Smith and voted for Corwin. (Hisses from the
galleries and cries of announce the vote.') Mr.
Nixon changed from Mr. Smith to Mr. Penning.
ton, thus removing the result further off. Mr.
Keitt commenced a speech. Mr. Dunn thought
Mr. Keitt's remarks were designed to delay in
order to afford an opportunity to manipulate ten•
der-footed Democrats. Mr. Keitt proceeded to ex-
pose the inconsistency of those who voted for and
then changed against Mr. Smith.
An armed body of 1,000 men raised in Texas had
volunteered for service in Mexico.

A deputation from Newcastle-upon-Tyne, West
Hartlepool, and Filey, had an interview with Lord
Palmerston, at his lordship's residence in Picca-
dilly, yesterday, with a view of pressing upon
her Majesty's Government the urgent necessity
of commencing the construction of harbours of re-
fuge (as suggested by a select committee of the
House of Commons appointed to inquire into the
best sites) by the formation of harbours cot the
north-east coast, the scene of so much loss of life
and property. The deputation consisted of Mr. J.
Cowen, of the Tyne Commission, Mr. It. W. Jack-
son, of West Hartlepool, and Dr. Cortes, of Filey,
accompanied by the following gentlemen—Lord
Hotham, M.P., Lord Stanley, M.P., Major-Genera
Sir Frederick Smith, M.P., Rear-Admiral the Hon
A. buncombe, M.P., the Hon. 11. G. Liddell, NI.P.,
Lord Adolphus V. Tempest, M.P., the Hon. W. C.
Fitz william, M:P., Sir M. W. Ridley, M.P., Mr.
Titus Salt., M.P., Mr. G. S. Beecroft, M.P., Mr. J.
Somes, M.P., Mr. J. Clay, NI.P., Mr. E. Cayley,
M.P., Mr. 'l'. Bazley, M.P.,-Sir J. Duke, M.P., Mr.
lienrh Paull, M.P.. Mr. G. Ridley, M.P., the Right
Hon. T. E. 'bedlam, M.P., Mr. J. Fairer, M.P.,
Mr. H. Pease, M.P., Mr. R. E. D. Shafto, M.l'.,
Mr. R. Ingham, M.P., Mr. IL Taylor, M.P., Mr. J.
P. B. Westhead, M.P. There were also in attend-
ance—Messrs. Hodgson and Stevenson of the River
Tyne Commissioners ; Mr. J. Williamson, Mayor
of South Shielo.s ; Mr. J. Clayton, Clerk to the
Tyne Improvement Commissioners ; and Mr. J.
Guthrie, Secretary.
Sir F. SMITII, in introducing the deputation, said
the great national work of providing harbours of
refuge had already occupied the attention Of a Select
Committee of the House of Commons and a Royal
Commission appointed to inquire into the best sites,
of both of which he had been a member. They did
not apriear before his lordship with a view of press-
ing the subject upon her Majesty's Government
with regard to any particular local interest, but to
deal with it as of national importance. The select
committee, in their report upon the subject to the
House of ommons, expressed an opinion that, con-
sidering what constituted the chief source of the
commercial greatness and of the political security
of the country, and
.considering the enormous
loss of both life and property to which the
station was at present exposed from the dan-
gerous and unprotected state of their coasts, and
the consequent defective character of their navi-
gation, there was no object for which public money
could be more usefully or more profitably employed,
having regard to the present and future welfare of
the nation.

Mr. CoWEN, of the Tyne Improvement Commis-
sion, then addressed his lordship, and noticed tho
emphatic expression of the Royal Commissioners
with regard to the pressing necessity and practi•
cability of the formation of the proposed harbours
on the north-east coast.

Mr. W. JACKSON, of Hartlepool, stated that
within the 100 miles of coast in question one-fourth
of the 800 lives known to be wrecked on the whole
coast of the country were lost, besides the lives of
which no record was kept.
Dr. CORTIS, of Filey, dwelt upon the important
character of the coal trade which passed along the
north-cast coast, and the terrible loss of property
and lives which was constantly occurring through
the want of h2rbours accessible in storms.
Lord PALMERSTON having asked several ques-
tions of different members of the deputation, said
the whole subject was one of very great import-
ance, and ho would lay what had been addressed to
him before her Majesty's Government. Ho was
indebted to the deputation for the information they
had given him, and he could assure them that the
matter would have their serious consideration.
The deputation then withdrew.

LETTER Pit oif TM g PO PE 7'o TLIE
EMPEROR NAPOLEON 111.
•

The Indepeitelanee Beige publishes the following,
which it states to be a letter addressed by Pope
Pius IX. to the Emperor of the Prowl'. The letter,
it says, was originally in Italian. We lay it before
our readers, leaving the responsit)ility to our Bel-
gian contemporary :
" Sire,--I have received the letter u bich your
Majesty had the kindness to write to me, and I reply
to it without reserve--as the saying is, with open
heart. And, imprimis, Ido not disavow the diffi-
cult position of your Majesty, which you yourself
do not conceal from me, and which I behold in its
full gravity. Your Majesty might get out of that
position by some decisive measure, which, perhaps,
excites your repugnance, it is precisely because
you find yourself in that position that you advise
me again, for the sake of the peace of Europe, to
relinquish the insurgent provinces, assuring me
that the Powers will guarantee to the Pope those
that remain to him.
" A project of this nature off ‘rs insurmountable
difficulties, and to be convinced of them it will suf-
fice to reflect upon my situation, ou my sacred cha-
racter, and upon the rights of the Holy See—rights
which are not those of a dynasty, but of all Catho-
lics. The difficulties are insurmountable, because
I cannot concede that which does not belong to me,
and because I see clearly that tha victory which it
is intended to give to the revolutionists of the Le-
gations will serve as a pretext and as an encourage-
ment to domestic and foreign revolutionists of the
other provinces to play the same game on beholding
the success of the first; and when I say the revolu-
tionists I mean the least considerable and the moat
audacious portion of the population.
" The Powers, you say, will guarantee the rest ;
but in the serious and extraordinary circumstances
which may be foreseen, considering the immense
support the inhabitants receive from without, will
it be possible for those Powers to employ force
in an efficacious manner? If that be not so,
your Majesty will be persuaded, like myself, that
the usurpers of the property of others and the
revolutionists are invincible if only dealt with by
the arms of reasoning.
"However this may be, however, I feel myself
obliged to declare plainly to your Majesty that I
cannot cede the Legations without violating the
solemn oaths that bind me, without producing a
disaster and a shock in the other provinces, with-
out doing harm to and putting to shame all Catho-
lics, without weakening the rights, not only of the
Sovereigns of Italy unjustly despoiled of their do•
mains, but also of the Sovereigns of the whole
Christian world, who cannot behold with indiffe-
rence the destruction of certain principles.
" Your Majesty makes the peace of the world
depend upon the cession by the Pope of the Lega-
tions, which, for SO years, have been a continual
source of unibarrassment to the Pontifical Govern-
ment; but, as I promised at the beginning of this
letter to speak with open heart, you will allow me
to reverse the argument. Who can count up the
revolutions that have taken place in France within
the last 70 years ? But, at the same time, who is
there that dares to say to the great French nation
that for the peace of Europe it would be advisable
to narrow the limits of the empire ? The argument
proves too much ; and you will therefore allow me
not to admit it. And then your Majesty is not
ignorant by what persons, with what money, with
what support the recent attempts at Bologna, Ra-
venna, and other cities have been made. Nearly
the whole of the populations remained terror-
stricken at the movement, which it had not ex-
pected, and which they did not show any incli-
nation to follow. Let your Majesty refleet that,
if I had accopted the project expressed in the
letter which you sent me through M. de Men-
neval, the insurgent provinces would be actually
under my authority. To say the truth, that letter
was in opposition to the one which you had hon-
oured me with before commencing the Italian
campaign, and in which you gave me consoling
assurances without causing me affliction.
" However, the letter to which you make allu-
sion proposed to me, in its first part, a project
inadmissible like the present one; and, as concerns
the second part, I think I have adopted it, as the
documents will prove which have been placed in
the hands of your ambassador at Rome.
" I also reflect upon that phrase of your Majesty
that if I had accepted that project I should have
maintained my authority over those provinces,
which seems to imply that at the point we have
arrived at they are irretrievably lost. Sire, I beg
of you, in the name of the Church, and also in the
point of view of your own interests, to make my
apprehensions unjustified. Certain memoirs, said
to be secret ones, inform me that the Emperor Na-
poleon I. left to his family useful warnings, worthy
of a Christian philosopher, who, in adversity, found
in religion alone resources and consolation.

"It is certain that we shall all shortly have to
appear before the Supreme Tribunal to render a
strict account of our acts, of all our words and
thoughts. Let us, then, endeavour to appear before
that great tribunal of God in such guise as to b.
able to feel the effects of His mercy, and not those
of His justicc _ _

" I speak to you, also, in my quality of father,
which gives me the right of speaking the naked
truth to my sons, no matter how high may be their
position in this world. I thank you, nevertheless,
for your benevolent expressions towards me, and
for the assurance which you give me to continue that
solicitude which you say you have always hitherto
entertained for me. It remains only for me to pray
God to shed the abundance of His blessings upon
you, upon the Empress, and upon the young Prince
Imperial. "PIUS IX."
" The 'Vatican, Jan. 8, 1860."

AN AuSTItIAN GENERAL UPON CRINOLINE.—The
following is a literal translation of an official" notification"
issued by the General Commanding at Mantua :—"Certain
blind intriguers, the vile instrtunents of a well-known fac-
tion, who by the infamous and reprehensible means endea-
vour to overturn the order established by God and by sound
reason, have Presumed, even in this fortress, whose command
has been confided to me by his Alajeety our august Emperor,
to commit cowardly acts solemnly condemned by every edu-
cated citizen,—even profaning the sacred temple of God,
they have disgracefully insulted the weaker sex on account
of a fashion already far some time generally adopted. I
hereby call upon the respectable inhabitants of this city and
futtress, who have hitherto given proofs of the most loyal
sentiments, and of the wisest and most peaceable behaviour,
torn-operate cordially with all their influence in preventing
the repetition of these and other scandalous excesses com-
mitted by the above-named infamous faction, and which
have for their sole object the disturbance in this city--a
fortress of public order and tranquillity. And I further give
notice that if they should again occur I will, as commandant
of the place, make use of the extreme powers confided to
me by adopting the severest measures for the suppression
and prevention of such foolish proceedings. The
teicitizensr
(of Mantua) will have to blame themselves alone, and
own lukewarmness and depravity if, through. such energetic
measures, they may suffer in their dearest and most vital
interests.—Mantua, Jan. 30. The Imperial Royal Lieu-
tenant-Mareschal, Governor, Commanding the city and
fortress, Baron CuLoz."

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• • fr'7lt\ii-04.-.. Y:`..A •
•
ext ;;.t?ry that renders 14,0x-4001- tt4
A-- basilica surronvdettrfelt.
veneration, guaranteed by the r;litie:toY:
whole world, will better insure his iodepetlen4s`
than a disputed domai❑ and a tottering throne.
It is grievous for us, sire, to think that the city,
formerly mistress of the world, the cradle of so
many illustrious men, that has given so many signal
proofs of its patriotism and virtues, should continue
to be deprived of the essential benefits that should
he bestowed on us. If high political reasons
demand it, if the weal of Italy herself requires so
great a sacrifice, your Majesty will know how to
mitigate its bitterness, and your perspicacity will
find some fortunate mode by which, while Rome re-
mains with the Pontiff; Italy will remain with the
Romans, and our common country will not be de-
prived of citizens so honourable and so dear to- us.
This, sire, is the expression of our wishes.
Knowing the feeling that animates you, we are per-
suaded that you will graciously and benevolently
receive them, and ensure their fulfilment.
The high Powers of Europa Is ill comprehend
that it belongs more to your Mjesty 'Lau to any
one else, to you so eminently c:allolic, to save the
faith of our fathers. After having restored to Italy
her nationality, to the Church her primitive purity
and splendour, Europe will repose on firm and en-
during bases, whilst the name of your Majesty and
of the Prince that shall have costributed to this
magnanimous work will be handed down glorious
and blessed to future generations.
Florence, January, .1 6i30,
About 250 signatures follow, amongst which are
those of Count Campello, Baron Danzetta, Prince
Simonetta, Count &e.