The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-03 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCT. 3, 1860.

The report of Count CAVOUR. of which a brief
summary bas reached us, has at least the merit
of frankness on the three leading points on which
public attention has of late been fixed—Venetia,
Rome, and the misunderstanding with GARIBALDI.
Hardly anything can be said to be added to our
previous knowledge of the Count's views, on any of
these subjects, but we have them now not inci-
dentally, or by inference, but in an authentic form.
Some spirited debating, is likely to follow, for
there will doubtless be advocates of the bolder
policy in the Sardinian Chamber ; but the Count's
views are almost certain to be shared by a large
majority of the Deputies, who are informed that
they are convened for the special purpose of pro-
nouncing on the policy of the present Ministry.
The business done by the Chambers on their first
meeting marks out the policy popular with
them. The project of law presented, and
received with loud cheers, was to enable
the Government to complete the annexation
of those provinces of Northern and Cen-
tral which should, by direct and universal suf-
frage, freely express their wish to form "an
integral part of our constitutional monarchy."
Sardinia, therefore, holds out her right hand to
all the provinces which are now free to act as
they please, and we shall soon see whether their
wishes on the subject are strong enough to induce
them to move. In Central Italy the KING has no
one to obstruct him. FANTI and CIALDINI, not
GARIBALDI, are omnipotent there; and it is pro-
bable that the Marches and Umbria, and
and perhaps districts nearer Rome, will avail them-
selves promptly of the Sardinian offer. They all
lie, too, next door to Tuscany and the Legations,
which already form part of the Piedmontese
monarchy. The populations freed from oppression
are assured, however, that their independence will
be respected—we presume this means their inde-
pendence in regard to voting annexation, since the
kind of annexation offered is that of becoming
" an integral part" of the Sardinian monarchy.
The reason assigned for not interfering with
Venetia, is that which the Count has before given.
Not that it would be wrong, or a violation of
Treaties, as Lord JoIIN RUSSELL tells him ; not
even that FANTI and GARIBALDI could not drive
out the Austrians, if he let them; but that e almost"
all the European Powers unanimously wish the
unfortunate Venetians to be left in their misery, or
Austria to be undisturbed in her oppression, and
that it would raise up a formidable European
Coalition against Sardinia. We do not know
whether the Count has his eye on Warsaw, and on
the un-English and Austrianising letter of our
Foreign Secretary ; we should think, however,
that it is to these he alludes, as justifying him in
expecting such a movement. Let him be assured
that no e interests we have in the Adriatic" would
induce England to fire a shot, if Sardinia and
GARIBALDI should initiate a movement which
would Strip Austria of her entire Adriatic
from Italycoast,to Turkey itself. The whole
has been acquired by wrong, and it is used
for no good to the inhabitants, or to any one in
the world besides. Nuthing would please England

better than to see Hungary as an independent
kingdom resume the seacoast she once had on the
gulf, and recommence that free trade with all the
world,which gleamed on her, like a moment's sun-

shine amid clouds, during the KOSSUTH adminstra-

We must agree altagetherwith the Count, so far as
we in this country can judge ; indeed we have said
the same thing already—that " constituting a strong
Italy is serving the cause of Venetia." It will do
so in every way. If Italy be seen united and pros -
pering under VICTOR EMMANUEL discontent in
Venetia must grow every hour ; with inereasing
discontent it must become more and more
costly for Austria to keep the province
down, and more and more difficult to
govern it. The pressure on the poverty of the
Austrian Exchequer and on her military resources,
must then become so great that she will be driven
to accept a settlement or a war. The former would
recruit her finances, and, practically, almost double
her army ; the latter would be certain, if Italy
were strong, to ruin both. GAP,IBALDI'S plan is the
nobler and the more fascinating; and, though we
can hardly think so, he may have information which
justifies him in preferring it. But the Count's pro-
posal to make Italy strong before more is attempted,
is the surer, and as we are at present advised, in
our judgment, the better way.

Respecting Rome, the Count speaks in very
strong terms of the gratitude due from the Italians
to the French, and refers to it as a question which
cannot be settled by the sword alone—as

" presenting moral obstacles which moral
force alone can vanquish." This may be
very proper language for a Minister whose Go-
vernment, after all, has gained so immensely by
the French alliance, granting that French inter-
vention was not merely for an idea. Still it does
not excuse the French. They have no right but the
right of might in Rome. They are there in viola-
tion of the most elementary rights of the inhabi-
tants. It might be unbecoming for the King of
SARDINIA to attack, were it of any use, a power
to which he is so largely indebted, but
it is disgraceful for the French to coerce
half a million Italians to bow their necks to
a priest, just because they have bayonets and
artillery enough to enable them to do it. The
pretence about the Papacy, is palpably but a pre-
text. The POPE himself denies that his spiritual
supremacy would fall with his temporal sway ;
and it is notorious that it could not. The King of
SARDINIA is himself a Catholic, and would take
good care of the Bishop of his Capital, if he were
Chief Bishop of Papal Christendom also ; and the
Catholic Powers would see to it that his indepen-
dence was as perfect as it now can be.
The terms in which CAVOUR speaks of GARI-
BALDI as a political opponent will give pleasure to
all. We hope GARIBALDI himself will fully
respond to this English and constitu-
tional way of regarding our great poli-
tical rivals ; indeed his late proceedings at
Naples seem to show that he is already approach-
ing to harmony of action with the Count; and the
late victory of his troops over the KING'S troops
will, we trust, rather encourage him to union with
CAVOUR than otherwise. He will not seem to be
driven to it by reverses.

The interchange of sympathies during this past
week between the City of Glasgow and the ex-
Chancellor Lord BROUGHAM must, assuredly, have
been a source of intense mutual gratification. Nor
have the graceful speeches addressed to the citizens
of Glasgow by Lord BROUGHAM—nor yet, again,
have the enthusiastic acclamations with which not
only those speeches severally have been welcomed
by the Glasgow citizens, but by which the latter
have hailed every separate occasion of Lord
BROUGHAM'S appearance among them—been simply
complimentary. There is a sterling good sense
about the thrifty, industrious, and enlightened
population of the mercantile metropolis of Scot-
land, that effectually serves to guard them from the
risk of lapsing into any such empty, frivolous, and
utterly valueless demonstrations. Beyond which,
the venerable recipient of these honours is the very
last man who would be disposed to tolerate, with
even an amiable affectation of complacency, mere
vapid displays of puerile flattery, or meaningless
adulation. The kindly greetings of Lord BROUGHAM
to his philosophic associates in the Social Science
Congress, to the honest working men gathered
together in the City Hall of Glasgow, and to the
convivial throng assembled in the same hall on
Friday, the 28th ult., under the noble and learned
lord's chairmanship, have each and all of them
especial value and their peculiar significance.
And so, too, has it been, on the other hand,
with regard to those ringing responsive accla-
mations. They have been the ardent inti-
mations addressed by assembled thousands to
Lord BROUGHAM, that his beneficent and
lifelong labours for the diffusion of knowledge
among the masses, and for the advancement of in-
terests of national education as far as might be in
any way practicable independently of the Govern-
ment, have been watchfully observed, have been
fervently appreciated, have been and still are most
gratefully borne in the popular remembrance. The
proceedings of this last week at Glasgow in con-
nection with the renewal for yet another year of
the periodical labours of the Social Science Asso-
ciation, but particularly in connection with the
welcome personally accorded to the illustrious and
venerable man who is its Originator and its President
—are fraught throughout, therefore, with auguries
of the happiest encouragement ! Auguries of good
omen for the especial interests and ambition of the
Congress itself—portents of the most auspicious
character for the wider and more generalised inte-
rests of tge social advancement of the entire popu-
lation ! Is it not suggestive, for example, as a re-
minder of the abundant reasons possessed by us
here in this country for gratitude in our position as
a nation—the startling contrast presented to view
by the state of things during the past week, in ITALY
and in ENGLAND ?

Amongst ourselves, what has been the spec-
tacle ? Parliament scattered for the annual
repose of the long vacation for the interval
of rest dividing the autumnal prorogation
from the spring reassembling of the Lords and
Commons. The professional labours of the year
no less than its political labours either relaxed or
altogether interrupted. The well-to-do, comprising
a considerable proportion of the middle classes, to-
gether with the whole of the upper ten thousand—
scattered far and wide like the members, generally,
of both Houses of the Legislature, in search of
health and recreation. The mercantile towns and
seaports still droning on monotonously as the cease-
less hives of industry and enterprise. The country
itself—picturesque with the toils of harvest—the
last remnants of happily not unabandant crops,
being hurriedly gathered in during the sparse in-
tervals of fine weather, chequering the rainy resi-
due of this humid year of 1860. The Volunteer
corps, to the number altogether of some 150,000
skilled riflemen, still steadily perfecting their dis-
cipline and general efficiency as a National Guard in
all parts of these happy and favoured islands, in-
termittently with the sports of leisure and the toils
Hof industrial occupation. These have been the

conspicuous features of the spectacle presented to
view throughout the bulk of the population of
Great Britain, while, crowning the whole pacific
spectacle, yonder at Glasgow, the Social Science
Congress has been earnestly prosecuting its annual
labours under the presidency of that noble and
learned " guide, philosopher, and friend," whose
apparition there, in that Scottish Liverpool and
Birmingham united, has been the signal for these
resounding acclamations.
And, meanwhile, far away yonder in the south,
how has it been with our Italian contemporaries ?
There the toils of agriculture and commerce have
been altogether, in a great measure, suspended.
So, too, has it been there with the accustomed
labours of art, and science, and literature. So,
likewise, even with the loftiest enterprises of
Italian statesmanship. Everything there has been
delegated to the supreme arbitrament of the sword.
All are fighting, or are preparing to fight yonder
for the life and for the death, from north to south,
from the shores of the Adriatic to those of the
Mediterranean,

The striking nature of the contrast which we
have been here reverting to is yet further signalised
upon the instant by reference to the convivial,
genial, humorous, delightful speeches delivered by
the various guests at the Glasgow Banquet of Fri-
day evening—and comparing them with the terse
and solemn and heart-stirring telegrams flashing
to us all the while from different parts of the
Roman Peninsula. The arrival of the Sardinian
SOVEREIGN at Bologna—the hurried movements of
GARIBALDI hither and thither along the flanks of the
Neapolitan army—the fierce strife at Capua (that
name of evil omen !)—the bombardment, and final
capitulation of Aucona—Piedmont waiting for the
final triumphs that are to crown all these past suc-
cesses of his Re Galantuonto—Venice tarrying
eagerly the while for the long looked-for signal of
her own emancipation.
Contrasting thus widely, though they do, these
contemporaneous careers of Italy and England—
contrasting as widely as the labours of a Glasgow
and of a BROUGHAM—they are, nevertheless, cha-
racterised by the same intimate blending, by the
same virtual unity, so to speak, of all their loftier
and profounder sympathies.

IRON-CASED SHIPS OF WAR.

LATEST SEWS.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr, Reuter's office :

TURIN, OCT. 3.

The following is a summary of the Ministerial
report read by Count Cavour on the occasion of the
opening of the Sardinian Chambers yesterday :
After having recalled the happy results obtained
by the Cabinet during the last few months, the
Ministerial report thus continued :
" Henceforth, Italy, with the exception of
Venetia, is free. As regards the latter province
we cannot make war upon Austria against the
almost unanimous wish of the European Powers.
Such an enterprise would create a formidable
coalition against Italy. But in constituting a
strong Italy we are serving the cause of Venetia.
These reasons also impose upon us the duty of re-
specting Rome. The question of Rome cannot be
decided by the sword alone. It meets with moral
obstacles, which moral force alone can vanquish.
The Ministerial report, in speaking of the ru-
moured possiblity of a collision with Fradce at
Rome, says, " An act of ingratitude so monstrous
would brand our country with a deep disgrace
such as centuries-of suffering could not obliterate.
Whatever populations may be freed from oppres-
sion, their independence will be respected.
The Ministerial report concludes as follows :
Parliament has been convoked in order to pro-
nounce whether the present Ministry still enjoys
its confidence. " This is so much the more neces-
sary as a voice, which is with reason dear to the
people, has manifested its distrust of us to the
Crown and the country.

CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 26.

Ali Pasha has formally denied having stated to
the Austrian charge d'affaires that he had proofs of
Sir Henry Bulwer having conspired against the
Sultan, a story which he declared to be utterly
absurd and untrue. The Grand Vizier has been
suddenly recalled by the Sultan. He is expected
to arrive in Constantinople on the 29th inst.
Another Minister has been sent to complete his
mission. In Syria Fuad Pasha and the French
general are to act in concert against the Drases.
Prince Couza is expected to arrive at Constanti-
nople on the 2d proximo. The Persian ambassa-
dor to London leaves to-morrow in the Banshee for
Malta.

BERLIN, TUESDAY.

The Spanish Government has addressed to the
different powers a note supporting the protest
issued by the King of Naples, when retiring to