The Sun.
London, England, 1860-11-28 00:00:00

Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST.

T H E CATTLE SHOW
AND
CANTERBURY HALL. "
C. MORTON be to inform ♦isitors to London that the
above HALL, with its Magnificent Gallery of Modern Paint-
ings, by all the best masters, is OPEN EVERT EVENING
at 7 o'clock.

GRAND SELECTIONS
FROM
BELLINI'S NOBRA AND FLOTOW'S MARTHA.
PRINCIPAL ARTISTES,
MESS RUSSELL NADA ME MAR IA
MISS TYRPEL MISS WI I. KIN SON
Mr. HENRY HERBERT and Mr. BERNARD.
Conductor Mr. JONGIIII ANS.
The Comte Department comprises Messrs. A. B. Hollings-
worth, W. T. Critehtield, J. Blanchard, G. W. I'ell, Charley
Fox, and E. Marshall, in his transformation song, "THE
DOMESTIC DRAMA," personating-, five different characters.

IVE;ITHER.—SUN OFFICE, Nov. 28 Iseo.

"i'REEMOMET'ER, TN THE SHADE.

47--hi chest since noon yesterday.
40 —'owest this morning and during the night.
43 —this day at noon.

BAROMETER-29.78.
Wrxn--South-Westerly ; light, with dull weather. We
had a few glimpses of sunshine, but they have vanished.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
DA Y. —Morning, lh. 32m.—Afternoon, Ih. 49w.
To- M nßitow.-Morning, 2h. Bm.—Afternoon, 2h. 26m.

4,kt
N 41- • ••••$$ , ,
L.

THE SUN.

DIN1)01N, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 28, 13e0.

Hitherto, it appears, we have been in a great
measure groping in darkness for a clue to the real
meaning of the late proceedings—both warlike and
diplomatic--.open the Chinese battle grounds be-
tween Tien-tsin and Pekin. The unlooked for
spiriting-away of the Times Correspondent involved
in unusual obscurity the majority of the recent
events ‘,N, hich have taken place at that seat of war
at tlye northeastern extremity of Asia. Insomuch
have we felt this to be the case, that we yesterday
F;kened the capture of that emissary of our chief
"'morning contemporary to the cutting off the wires
of the electric telegraph. Although that able and
vigilant eye-witness still remains, according to the
latest accounts, held prisoner within the walls of
tlie Chinese capital, the public in England have
1O-day received some degree of consolation for his
constrained silence " upon compulsion "—a broad
flood of light having now been thrown most oppor-
tunely into the latterly almost impenetrable dark-
ness of late occurrences out at the seat of war there
in China—first of all, through the thrice welcome
despatches of Sir TrIoPE GRANT, the British Com-
mander•in-Chipe., and,
secondly, through the vivid
and picturesque narrative penned by the Daily
News Correspondent. Thanks to these two sources
of fully detailed and perfectly reliable information
—sources both official and unofficial—we are at
length enabled to appreciate at their true value the
that
character of the truly extraordinary incidents
have there been recently transpiring, that
trans-
pired there upon our march between Tien-tsin and
Pekin during the last mouth *hut one, namely,
during that henceforth memorable month of Sep..
tember,
Reading the record of these remarkable occur-
rences by the light of Sir HOPE GRANT'S despatches,
and of these last letters from the Paii.Y -News
Correspondent—we are in the first place impiessod
more profoundly than ever with a sense of the
wholly matchless deceit, infamy, and turpitude
of those lying and lawless .barbarians with whom
we are at war. In the next place we are con-
strained to recognise the perillous plight in
which these last flagitious proceedings of the
Chinese have placed our captured fellow-country-
men: It is impossible at the same time not t•
understand also the absolute powerlessness of
those swarming hordes of Chinese when opposed to
the serried ranks of the (viewing them simply in re-
gard to their numbers) comparatively insignificant
bands of the English and French soldiers, having

with them, these latter—here, the EMPEROR'S
deadly brass rifled cannon—there our own terrific
ARMSTRONG guns! Twice during this last Sep-
tember the Allied Forces, to the number of only
4,000 men, have been confronted by the armed
and mounted legions of Chinese Tartary. Twice
the Anglo-French expedition to the number, as
we have said, of only 4,000 men, have found
themselves opposed by the immense array of the
Chinese Army—first, on the 18th of September
—secondly, on the 21st of September. Upon
both occasions the enormous masses of the enemy
being swept before us by the charges of our cavalry
and the discharges of our artillery—swept before
our numerically insignificant phalanx to death and
confusion—a confusion ending at the close of both
the days mentioned in the enemy's total discom-
fiture.

Reverting to the period from which has been all
along dated the actual recommencement of hostili-
ties—namely, that 9th day of September, upon
which the advanced guard of our little invading
army left Tien-tsin and began a direct march
upon the capital—it now appears that our forces
having advanced att rate of ten miles per diem
for four days, halt hile at the command of Sir
HOPE GRANT, up the 13th of September. They
were so halted aethat point by reason of certain
new Imperial Commissioners from the Chinese
Government—Commissioners reported to be of the
very highest rank among the great dignitaries of
the Empire, and, what was yet more, reported also
(this time) to be fully and completely authorised to
treat with the Anglo-French Plenipotentiaries—
because of these eminent and mysterious person-
ages having sent letters to her Britannic MA-
JESTY'S Ambassador, craving urgently for the
opening up new diplomatic negotiations. Because
of this, it now appears, chiefly, if not entirely, be-
cause, of this—Sir HOPE GRANT halted his forces
at a distance of about forty miles beyond Tien-tsin,
at a place called Hoo-sei-woo, upon the 13th
day of September. Thereupon Messrs. PARKES
and WADE, Consul and Interpreter, were
sent forward by Lord ELGIN to meet
the new. Chinese Commissioners. When two
days had elapsed—namely, on the 15th of Septem-
ber—Messrs. PARKES and WADE return to the
British head-quarters with the tidings that they
have entered into a formal agreement with the
enemy, that the Chinese themselves will forthwitll
evacuate a convenient camping ground situated
at the distance of twenty miles in advance, Koo-sei-
woo, an encampment only five miles short of the
city of Tung-chow,at a place called Chang-tsia-wan.
This encampment, it was thus arranged, after
having been vacated by the Chinese, was to be
occupied by the French and English forces, so
that immediately the allied army should have there
taken up their position, our Ambassadors might
advance with an escort over the five miles inter-
vening between the encampment and Tung-chow,
and there, at Tung-chow, negotiate and complet7
the proposed Convention in concert with the newly
(and duly) authorised Chinese Commissioners.
Directly the arrangements have been explained by
Mr. PARKES, they are frankly accepted by the
English and French Generals, and by the English
and French Plenipotentiaries. Mr. PARKES is
thereupon sent back by Lord ELGIN to Tung-
chow, accompanied this time by Mr. LOCH, his
lordship's own private secretary. These gentle-
men are instructed to return to Tung-chow, sim-
ply for the purpose of duly preparing there for the
reception of our Ambassador. Together with
Messrs. PARKES and LOCH, the British Comman-
der-in• Chief sends forward Lieut.-Colonel WALKER,
to the end that that officer may accurately mark out
the site of the camp in accordance with the views of
the Chinese military authorities. Sir HOPE GRANT
sending forward, also, in company with Colonel
WALKER and the civilians before named, Deputy-
Assistant-Commissary-Gen. THOMPSON, instructed
and empowered to receive the supplies which had
been formerly promised for our forces upon their
arrival at that projected place of encampment at
Chang-tsia-wan. Thither—Sir HOPE GRANT fol-
lows with his little army on the 18th of September.
It was only upon that very day—when the allied
forces had arrived at a distance of merley one mile
from Chang-tsia-wan—that the Commander-in-
Chief found that not one iota of the agreement
which had been entered into had been attended to
by the Chinese. The encampment had not been
evacuated—but, on the contrary, there still re-
mained in that strong position the whole mass of
the Chinese army ! Soon afterwards comes
back to the British head-quarters, now
advanced to within view of the Chinese army
at Chang-tsia-wan—comes back to Lord ELGIN,
his lordship's Private Secretary with these not very
readily reconcileable fragments of intelligence—.
Ist, that the Imperial Commissioners at Tung-chow
have been most obliging and complaisant, and
2dly, that the Chinese Commander-in-Chief is ra-
pidly throwing up batteries effectually command-
ing the Allied encampment ! The Ambassador's
Private Secretary is, in consequence, sent back at
once to Tung-chow with peremptory instructions
commanding the instant return of his little party
of comrades. Mr. LOCH goes back in
obedience to this order —he returns to
Tung-chow under the protection, under the
sacred protection of a flag of truce ! Thu

symbol—respected by all civilised races through.

out the world—is deemed worthy of no considera.

tion, howevor, by the Chinese Barbarians. No.
merely does Mr. Locu—bearing in his hand that

flag of truce !—fail in bringing back Mr. Consu

PARKES and his companions, but he himself, in

spite of his flag of truce, is taken prisoner, together

with each member of that little cluster of military

and civilians, whose names we ourselves in these

columns have more than once particularised.

The mendacious character of these proceedings
cannot possibly be exaggerated, no matter how

strong the language in which they may be repro-
bated. Scarcely has the General-in-Chief recognised

the heinous nature of the act perpetrated by the

Chinese in this lawless seizure of our Consul and

his companions than the signal for a contest

with the whole Chinese Army (there confront-

ing him treacherously in battle array) is

given by the all but miraculous escape of

Colonel WALKER and his party from the

midst of the Chinese encampment ! The fire
opened upon that gallant officer as he returns at a
gallop towards the front ranks of the Allied Forces

—sounds the onset for the battle of Chang-tsia-wan !
Thereupon the Allies, numbering in all,
as We have seen, but 4,000 defeat and
rout the whole Chinese army, comprising
within it fully 20,000 Tartar horsemen.
The ARMSTRONG guns alone sweep such deadly
de3truction through the dense masses of the
Chinese, that while we ourselves could number
only 2tineteen wounded, there lay upon the field of
battle when the conflict was over six hundred
Chinese KlLLED—seventy-five guns remaining in
the hands of, the Allies as trophies of their vic-
tory-
The subsequent contest, on the 21st Sep-
tember,signalised in a, kindred manner the
in
vin
c 6 e
power of the Anglo-French Ex-

pedition, as opposed to the swarming multitudes

of those treacherous and flagitious Asiatics.

Everything combines, in effect, to demonstrate

more and more clearly that but one single and
very simple course indeed now lies before the
Anglo-French Generals and Plenipotentiaries.
That course leading, in fact, directly in a straight
path to the seizure and occupation of the city of
Pekin, and the dictation there and nowhere else of
the final terms of Pacification.

Loud, and ludicrous as loud, have been the shouts
for disunion from the Southern States. Once in the
course, we may say, of sixty years, they have been
thoroughly beaten in what is equivalent there to a
general election here. And, unlike the country
from which they sprung, they do not know to put up
with a great political defeat. Slaveholders, by the
aid of the great Democratic party, which may be
said to have been organised by JEFFERSON in 1801,
have ever since been increasing, consolidating, we
may add, and abusing their power in the Union,
till they know no bounds. They have forced
Presidents, and an army of officials, to do
their bidding, on the too patient north ;
they have got fugitive slave laws, DEED
SCOTT decisions, and even repeals of their own
compromises, issuing in all the local and Federal
atrocities of Kansas—till at length the North could
bear it no longer. The twenty-one millions of the
Free States could not submit to be transformed
into Slave States. They have awaked and
told the seven and a half millions of the South—
We have done with you and slavery for ever.
We proclaim FREEDOM, not SLAVERY, the basis
of our Federal Constitution; we interfere not
with you in your domains, but we solemnly pro-
hibit you from spreading further the.curse and
blight of your sectional institution.

At one thing we do not wonder—the despair of
the South. Till this Month it has been the head
of the Union. It gave law to the whole, admini-
stered the government, ruled in the Church, com-
pelled society to do it homage—now, all is gone !
hopelessly gone ! Slaveholding is a villany—yet,
while attired in the robes of power, and dispensing
all the favours of the State, its fascinations beguiled
even those who ought to have known better; but
once strip the DUESSA —expose the filthy hag, as
what she is, and her power to enchant has
vanished, and can never be regained. Slavery
will now be looked at in its own repulsive
nakedness. No prestige of the Presidential chair,
and universal domination, will dazzle the mire-
fleeting, or bribe the time-serving. It will step
down in American eyes to its true position—that
of a loathsome social abomination, of which it will
be an honour to be rid—a disgrace to retain it. To
mention the Slave States now, will not be to speak
of a power of which all stood in unaccountable awe,
but to name a defeated section on which all the
intelligence and power of the land will look down
with contempt. Virtue or liberty fallen may arise
the hundredth time—an anti-human institution,
like slavery, once fallen, is prostrate for ever.
How utterly absurd are the ravings of the South,
a very few figures will show. The States which
are making most noise are Georgia and South
Carolina. Their relative population of white men
and slaves stands thus :

Slaves. Whites.
South Carolina
Georgia

906,598 .. 904,065

So that these two loud talking- States would, if
left to themselves, have more than enough to do
to watch their slaves ; indeed, remembering that
the "miserable whites" form the majority of the
free population, the slaveholders have but a wretched
minority really interested in the preservation of
slavery. Nor is that all. The mere populous and
thriving States which still are, legally, slave States
are fast losing that character, and will never, in
any question of emancipation, cast in their
lot with the wretehed slave States. Of these slave
States with rapidly increasing white population,
five refused to vote for BRECKENRIDGE, the
Southern man ; four of them voting for BELL, the
Union candidate, and one, Missouri, for DOUGLAS.
Look at their population :

Votes. Whites. Slaves.
Kentucky
Maryland .. 8 .. 519,300 .. 98,612
Tennessee
Virginia
Missouri 9 .. 735,573 .. 95,397

Total
Remaining Slave States 64 3,465,794 .. 2,609,135
From these few figures the reader will see at a
glance that, population alone regarded, the whites
in the Slave States avowedly favourable to the
Federal Union, States, too, which are daily
approaching the time when they will gradually
abolish slavery, are a considerable majority, and
that the slaves in the remainder bear a most dan-
gerous proportion to the whites. To talk of
secession under such circumstances is, indeed, to
talk of a fatal and servile war, of the ruin of the
seceding States by the insecurity of life and pro-
perty, and of their utter extinction as civilised

communities.
If we read, therefore, of all kinds of valiant
defiances of the North by South Carolina and
Georgia, we may be sure that it all means and
can mean nothing. Burning Mr. LINCOLN in
effigy is the sort of sth of November display we
might expect ; it looks a little more grave when
Federal officers resign in a body, when assemblies
vote a convention of the people, when Governors
recommend retaliation and reprisals on the Free
States, when Slave State after Slave State holds
meetings at which " Secession" is the watchword,
whoa at Washington itself secession is talked of as
probable, and it is proposed to give the seceders
rope enough to hang themselves. We should
not, indeed, be at all surprised if some of
these foolish States should vote for secession,
but the certainty that they would soon be obliged
to nullify their own vote would merely exhibit their
folly to the Union and to the world. They will,
in fact, have no basis for action till some attempt is
made on their sovereign or federal rights, and
certainly it cannot be among these, that they
should nominate the President and Executive of
the United States for ever.
When to all :this we add the enormous wealth,
energy, and power of the Free States, in all of
which they surpass the Southern States fully as
much as in population, and that the South is deeply
mortgaged to the wealthy North, whose mortgagees
will firmly enforce their pecuniary claims, it is evi-
dent enough that the former cannot part connec-
tion with the latter. There will probably be no
end of wanton freaks of impotent rage, both in
Governmental and Legislatorial proceedings, and
in popular displays, but the odds are too great.
&vela Millions of Southern pauper whites, ham-
pered, too, by four millions of slaves, against twenty-
one millions of Northerns, free to act as they please,
and with all the sinews of war in their power, are
the elements of decision, and they leave no doubt
as to what the ultimate decision must be.

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon
at the official residence of the First I. ord of the Treasury
in Downing. street. 1-t-.-vas- attended by Viscount Palmer-
ston, Earl Granville, Sir G. Cornwall Lewis, Lord John
Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, the Right Hon. Sydney
Herbert, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, the Duke of Somerset, Sir George Grey, Lord Stanley
of Alderley, and the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers.
His Excellency the Portuguese Minister has
arrived at his residence in Gloucester-place, from visiting
her Majesty at Windsor Castle.