The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 19, IMO.

field, of officers not doing their duty. Several of

,hese were called out, and Garibaldi, in the pre-

sence of the troops, had their swords taken away,
their distinctive marks stripped off, and had them

gnominiously expelled from the corps, declaring
them to be unworthy of being Italians, and telling
them that their only mode of redeeming their past

behaviour was to enter as privates and do their
duty.
Every one hopes that this measure of rigour will
be extended to the whole army, which, among ex-
cellent officers who would be an honour to any
army, contains likewise black sheep. No wonder ;
in the hurry in which the army was got together,
it was impossible to sift the claims of those who

presented themselves; besides, there were so many
intrusted to organise battalions and brigades that
the responsibility must remain with those who
proposed men unfit fsr their posts. The army being
continually in movement, there was no possibility

to sift it; but, now that the time is not distant
when it is to be amalgamated with the Piedmon•

tese forces, the thing becomes absolutely necessary
and the battle of the Ist offered a good opportunity

EVENING.
Garibaldi, after having passed in review General
Bixio's troops, came on to Santa Maria, and thence

to his usual post at St. Angelo. He arrived there
about noon, and at 2 p.m. the Neapolitans made a
reconnaissance with a few battalions towards the
road of St. Angelo, and to the left of it towards the
river where our outposts stand. The object was
evidently to see and not to act, for they withdrew
as soon as ours advanced. Towards half-past three
they came on again, helping on their advance by
the fire of the fortress, which can throw its shells
at a tolerable distance in that direction. A column
of ours was sent down to support our outposts,
while at the same time another advanced from
Santa Maria to take them in the flank. The fire
was kept up till nightfall, and the Neapolitans
withdrew.
The Neapolitans are perfectly aware that prepa-
rations are going on at St. Angelo to force the pas-
sage of the river, that powerful batteries are being
thrown up, and that as soon as they are ready there
will be an advance. It is natural that this should
cause uneasiness—nay, it may drive them even to
make an attempt to destroy these works.
Among our troops the impression that we shall
hear of something to-morrow is very strong.
OCTOBER 9, MORNING.
The night passed very quietly; indeed, more so
than our nights usually do, and there is no sign of
any hostile intention on either side.
SANTA MARIA, OCT. 11.
On the Bth an armistice was concluded for the
next day. The object of it was the burial of the
dead who fell within the range of the guns of the
fortress, and could not be buried on account of the
fire of the artillery of Capua, which sweeps the.
river banks and the edge of the wood. When those
who fell towards St. Angelo and Santa Maria were
buried, an attempt was made to bury those now in
front, but as soon as a burying party showed the
guns opened, and it was impossible to retain the
country folks who were intrusted with this work.
The consequence was a frightful atmosphere towards
the outposts before St. Angelo. During the late
negotiations about the exchange of prisoners the
Neapolitans asked for the restoration of the water-
works which provide Capua with potable water. In
return a truce of 24 hours was agreed upon, during
which time the fortress was to be silent. But the
armistice extended merely to the fortress, General
Salzano declaring that he had no power over the
commander of the troops outside. The result was a
constant cannonade between our batteries at St.
Angelo and those of the enemy on the opposite
shore of the river.
On the very morning of the armistice Col. Bor-
done, who is directing the works against the oppo-
site shore, had a narrow escape. He had returned
late from the works to a little house not far distant
from them, where he had taken up his quarters with
two of his officers. Towards half-past 4 a.m. two
shells were sent, one close after the other, right
into the house, smashing everything about the
place, and rolling under the bed where the two offi-
cers were reposing, burst there, throwing them up
in the air, and wounding one on the head and the
other on the leg, bet without hurting Col. Bordone,
who was only oo'rered with dust and fragments of
grass and rubbish. I mention this because it is ex-
traordinary; otherwise the fire of the batteries
from the other side has done very little harm.
Since the armistice ended, yesterday at noon,
things have been more quiet than while it lasted.
The fortress is quite silent, and sends only at long
intervals a shot or two against our batteries.
• Otherwise, the Neapolitans keep on the strictest
defensive. They have only a few small posts outside
Capua, and even these are withdrawn at night into
the immediate neighbourhood of the fortress. And,
indeed, from what we hear, this plan seems to put
Capua into a complete state of defence, so as to be
able to hold out for some time, even if the army in
the field had to fall back toward Gaeta. All the in-
habitants have been ordered to provide themselves
with provisions for two months, and those who are
unable to do so have got orders to leave the town.
People of this place who have communications
with Caput), state that the fortress, as well as the
Neapolitan army, expects but 'the arrival of the
Piedmontese to surrender. This on dit is by no
means improbable. The officers want to secure their
position, and were they sure that Garibaldi's reign
was to last, they would probably have already aban-
doned the falling cause they are defending now.
The Piedmontese army represents an established
government and the natural successor of Garibaldi's
interregnum. Since the battle of the Ist there are
but few in the Neapolitan army who indulge in any
illusions about a possible success, nor can it be other-
wise; many of the officers are supposed to be luke-
warm, and the defeat of the Ist is attributed to this
circumstance. An order of the day of Francis 11.
is reported, which attributes this ill success to the
treachery of the officers, and enjoins the soldiers to
watch over their conduct. If true, the King of
Gaeta and Capua does more to loosen the discipline
of his army than his adversaries could do.
These are the news which come to us from Capua.
At Gaeta, on the contrary, every one seems in high
spirits. A gentleman, who spoke yesterday with
one of the members of the Spanish Legation, returned
the day before from Gaeta, says that the latter seemed
quite confident of the speedy return of the old Go-
vernment at Naples. The curious thing was that
he seemed to know nothing about the movements of
the Piedmontese—that the first brigade of them had
already landed at Naples, and that another was
soon expected, that the avante-garde of one corps
had landed at Giulia Nuova, and that another was
expected to land at Manfredonia, and make its
way towards Beaevento. Thus, before long, the
Neapolitans will be shut in on all sides from land
and sea, and may have before them the fate of
Lamoriciere's army.
hitherto, of all the thousands of the Neapolitan
army who surrendered or capitulated only very
few remained to swell our ranks, most of whom
went home to resume their pacific pursuits.
Thus all that army, so laboriously formed,
threatened to disappear without leaving any advan-
tage to Italy, and yet it contained excellent mate-
rials, which required only a different organisation
to do good service. N. or is there any disinclination
in this respect, as may be seen from the eircurn•
stance that most of those who were taken prisoners
at Caserta have consented to serve, and were sent
off to Genoa to be reorganised. In all future ope-
rations against the Neapolitans, the object is rather
to preserve the military elements than to destroy
them ; and this object will account for Garibaldi's
inactivity. With his well known unselfishness, of
which late events have given so great a proof,
.he
foregoes all the glory which might be earned by
finishing before the Piedmontese come up, in order
to gain with their co-operation so much greater
advantage Mr Italy.

OCTOP,EIt 13.

A complete standstill in the operations. Garibaldi
gone to Naples for some days to superintend politics.

It is stated that a special meeting of the Regent's
Canal Company is about to be called to consider the expedi-
ency of applying to Parliament in the ensuing session for
powers to make a railwa along the line of the canal from
the Maslen-lane to Limehouse, to be worked in conjunction with

ITALIAN UNITY.

(From the Mites.)
The dead set which the French clergy
an; making
on the Emperor, joined to the strong pressure of
Austria and Russia, through their Ministers at
Paris, might perhaps make a less resolute man and
less deep calculator waver in the present cause of
Italian unity. We cannot imagine that much can
come even of such combined pressure in the present
case. As for the foaming torrent of invective
which is being discharged from the mouth of the
French Episcopate, he can hardly think it worth
more attention than the flattery from the same
mouth a little time ago. These fawning adulators,
who have but just risen from licking the dust
before him, have well earned an extremity of con-
tempt. These caitiffs, who made themselves the

scorn of Europe, should for mere shame slink hack
into their holes when their idol disappoints them
and refuses to be their puppet. Are these men in
a position to give advice ? They committed them-
selves, body and soul, to the " elected of the 6th of
December" upon his first start; they worshipped
him as a God; he was to think for tnem, will for
them, act for them. Well, that is just what he is
now doing. What have they to complain of ? Do
they think they have mistaken their man ? If they
have, it is too late to correct the mistake now ; and
if they do not know this there is somebody else
who does. But, what is their advice when they
give it? Is there anything in it that could move
for a moment a man of sense ? It is made up of
the stalest assumptions, the refuse and dregs of the
old religious-political argument, worn out cries and
cut and dried platitudes, of which the history of
three centuries has proved the absolute falsehood.
" It is true," says the Bishop of Poictiers, " the Pope
has more than St. Peter ever had, but it is required
for the spiritual chief of the whole world, the guide
of 200,000,000 of consciences." But is not the
direction of 200,000,000 of consciences quite
work enough for any man, without the addition of
a whole temporal kingdom to look after ? The
Bishop of Poictiers does not see this. It does not
occur to him to ask himself the question, " Why
does the guide of 200,000,000 of consciences want
this temporal appendage ?" He assumes it ; he
asserts it—it does not need a reason ;it is too self-
evident to him for that; it is an axiom, a fact, a
truism, a law of nature ; it is written in the sky
that the Pope must be a king. He can no more
argue about .it than any necessary assumption in
matters of reason or practice. Why do we want to
breathe; why do we want to eat, or drink, or
sleep ? Why do we assume our own existence or
anything else ? Because we find we must do so,
and in the same way the Bishop of Poictiers
assumes the necessity of a King-Pope. There must
be a King-Pope—nothing can go on without a
King-Pope—religion will drop without a King-
Pope. But this is not reason, it is impression it is
mere habit, it is one of those irrational, artificial
instincts, which grow out of the simple continu-
ance of a particular state of things; one of those
manufactured first principles which are of the
of the essence of delusion ; the fiction of brains
are too weak to untie any present combina-
tions, and separate principle from any existing
state of fact. The reason of Europe has been long
undermining the status quo of the Papacy, and if it
can appeal to nothing in its defence but a mere
shadow of itself, or the assumed necessity of its own
existence, which is the mere reflection of the past
in the minds of its followers, and only shows the
force of custom in the world of ideas, the shadow of
reason must yield to the substance. There is no
one who sees more clearly than the French Em-
peror the growing evidence, on which Cavour rests
so much, to the fact that the influence of religion is
not connected with this or that secular shape of
thing, and that it is a mere sham and imposture
upon such a ground to sound the alarmist cry that
religion is in danger.
The Russian and Austrian screw may possibly
work a little deeper than the clerical one, but the
arguments of these Courts will not gain much, at
any rate, from the general position and intrinsic
credit of the advisers. Their fundamental relations
to the, new Freneh dynasty are not such as to im-
part a very genuine character to any suggestions
they may offer for the benefit of French policy.
Napoleon 111. has, from the very nature and basis
of his throne, one absorbing and engrossing inte-
rest, and that is the success of his own dynasty.
His first thought on his ascent was a spouse of the
Royal blood of Europe, for Royal alliances are the
natural prop of a European throne. But he could
not get one, because certain Courts were resolved
to look on him as an adventurer. Two Courts, how-
ever, have given him the treatment of a Royal King,
and given him solid help and support as the founder
of a dynasty; and those are the Erglish and Sar-
dinian; the one gave him a Royal reception which
would have suited the descendant of a hundred
Kings; the other gave his family a Royal Princess.
And we may add—without going into the casuistry
of the original commencement of the Italian under-
taking—that, now that the co.ubo of Italian unity is
fairly afloat, Napoleon's liberal Italian. policy liqf,
cemented and confirmed English approbation of all
the acts of the French Emperor connected with this
movement; bit it is not too much to say that the
patronage of the cause of Italian unity has given
French despotism a much more favourable light
to stand in before the English public than it would
otherwise have had ; and this applies, we need not
say, in a much stronger degree to Sardinia.
It is certainly a question, then, whether Napoleon
HI. could possibly gain much by receding at this
time of day, when the stream of events has been
allowed to flow so far, from the cause of Sardinia
and Italian unity at the suggestion of two Courts who
naturally support dynastic interests wholly opposite
to his own, It may very likely be the case that the
cause of Italian unity has outstripped his original de-
sign, gone faster than he wanted, and taken a shape
which he had never intended for it. His ideawas that
of a confederacy which would have raised no new
Power in Europe, have given ample opportunity
for French interference, and possibly issued only in
an exchange of French influence for Austrian in
Italy. That idea has been obliged to vanish before
facts, and the form which Italian unity is now as-
suming is that of one compact kingdom in powerful
administrative hands. This is a different thing al-
together, and the dream of a French possession of
Italy is over. Still Sardinia is his ally, his rela-
tion; he wants royal connexions; it is his interest
to support them and make the most of them when
he has got them. A great Italian monarchy in al-
liance and affinity with the Napoleonic dynasty
would be a gain in this light, even if it left less
roo.n for the control of France as an empire over
Italian politics. The French Emperor is too saga-
cious to be angry with a movement because it has
not quite answered his expectations ; he knows the
uncertainty of human events as well as any one,
and the wisdom of meeting them half-way, and ex-
tracting all the advantage which can be extracted
from them, it' more cannot be. With all drawbacks
his interest even now lies in the cause of Italian
unity; it will give him, at any rate, one great
European Royal alliance ; whereas to recede from
it, now that it has made such way, would be to lose
one alliance and possibly not get another in its
place, to embitter Sardinia, to disgust England, and
to abandon that whole ground which strengthened
his throne in the feelings of the liberal nations of
Europe.

(From the Daily News.)

It was the startling reflection of an ancient ver-
ger in one of our cathedrals to an occasional wor-
shipper, who had remarked a sort of suspended
animation in the performance of the service, and a
sleepiness in the preaching of a minor Canon,
" Sir, I have been five and twenty years•verger of
this church, and, thank Heaven ! I am not an
atheist yet." We cannot help fancying that some
such sensation of pleased surprise must have
flitted of late across the brain, if not the heart, of
many an honest and enlightened believer iu the
superhuman prerogatives and pretensions of the
Holy Father, whose advisers and apostles have
been running a muck of commination at almost all
the Powers in heaven and earth, from Providence
in default to Victor Emmanuel in possession. Let
us only conceive a sincere disciple of the Roman
Church, who should be neither an Irish repealer,
nor an English convert, nor a French royalist, nor
a Roman nobleman, nor a Spanish crusader. Let
us suppose this simple-minded creature to have
lived so far out of the way of realities as to imagine
that the Vicar of Christ is a paragon of meekness,
patience, and unworldliness, and his authority
purely moral and unsecular. Conceive this ingenu-
ous specimen of the Faithful suddenly transported
to Antonelli's ante-chambers in the Vatican, or even
to a church in which the gentle Callen is pouring
forth a flood of prayer and praise, in a style which
resembles nothing in the whole range of human
language so much as the choicest Billingsgate ren-
dered into dog-Latin and back again. Or let our
idei! Catholic take up a pastoral of that polite
acadmilicin the Bishop of Orleans, or the portfolio
of General „,_T.amoriciere, or any recent number of
and study any, one of their
the Journal
latest developments o;
°J. 11)"ze,..faith and dofctrhmed.
by
lnot
his soul be strengthened refreshed
Our these
in-
comfortable words of peace and L— --n with awe
genuous friend can scarcely.fail to pr.., ^f all
upon this inspiring procession, so to speak,
the gracei, all the virtues, all the humilities, all the
abnegations of the Christian life in its highest I
earthly expression. Fortunately however, for
heretical journalists, they need not place themselves
at an ideal point of view when temporal powers
are in question.
We are free to confess that we continue to
derive edification and instruction from all that is
passing before our eyes at Rome, in France, and

in Ireland. We remark, for example, the small
account that the friends of his Holiness appear to

make of merely spiritual authority when Pinvinces
and revenues are slipping away. We observe with
pleasii-j-,3 that the entire collection of Peter's pence
from all the Faitu' up to the latest dates, attains
the et:lab:tots total of two Lnndred and fifty thou-
sand pounds. We tote with ;ni,..4-yest the truly
Catholic subscription for a tritthiphai wort: to the
Commander-in-chief of the Papal army, *rho has
just returned to Rome to take leave of the Pope. A
scabbard without the sword would perhaps be a
more appropriate testimonial for the moment; but
there is something felicitously Irish in the sword.
For it is to the Irish crusaders that the neatest corn-

pliments were paid by the Algerian general in his
despatches. He can hardly find enough marching
and drill for these unquiet Celts, and wherever
they are sent it is noticeable that these champions
of law and order are always " under escort." It
turns out that all these mercenaries of the Faith

were but counters in a grand game which was to
have been played by Lamoriciere on behalf of
Francis the Second', the Duke of Modena, and the
Emperor of Austria, against the French Emperor
and his Sardinian ally.
The result of this grand ecclesiastical and legiti-
mist conspiracy is agreeably calculated to open the
French Emperor's eyes, and to enable him to make
election between his early friends and his implaca-
ble enemies.. If history contained no warning ap-
posite enough, passing events might teach him that
ecclesiastical enmity is not to be bought off by
flatteries or favours, short of unconditional submis-

sion and entire complicity. French troops .may
repossess and guard the patrimony of St. Peter, but
Papal and priestly gratitude will call French troops
gaolers rather than protectors. There is one su-
preme humiliation, however, for which his Holiness
is grateful ; the offered aid of the Spanish Queen.
The religious zeal of Isabella's solders is beyond
suspicion. But it is not a calumny to suppose that
the Holy Father is in need of any intervention, so
far at least as the patrimony of St. Peter is con-
cerned ? The Journal of Rome assures us that the
populations of the towns and villages, restored to
the dominion of the Church by the French on
the voluntary retirement of the Piedmonteso,
welcome back the Papal authorities " .with en-
thusiasm." One is disposed to regret that this
timely enthusiasm should have been compelled
to display itself under the doubtful auspices
of French bayonets. At Viterbo the en-
thusiasm of the population displayed • itself in
a singular manner. As soon as the return of the
Pontifical gendarmes was announced the population
sent to the French General to say that it would
burn the town rather than receive them. It was
only on the intimation that French soldiers would
at all events precede the Pontifical authoyities that
the inhabitants consented to leave their town stand-
ing; for as to themselves, they migrated across the
frontier with all convenient speed. It is thus that,
under cover of a new French army of occupation,
the Papal Government is in a condition to treat
with contempt the counsels of the French Emperor,
and its agents every where to conspire against him.
Napoleon 111. may affect to despise this impotent
malignity, but the time must, sooner or later, ar-
rive when he can no longer decently or safely main-
tain an army of occupation at Rome in the centre
of a freed and flourishing Italy. It is equally cer-
tain that no other foreign troops will take the place
of the French. There remains one of two conse-
quences ; either the 'Pope as a temporal ruler will
go, or as a Bishop only, and Supreme Head of the
Catholic Church, he will remain. Were we Catholics,
and anxious that the crying scandal of the Church
should cease, we should humbly beg the successor
of St. Peter to put up the sword in the sheath,
since he cannot cut off the ear of Europe.

PUBLIC HONOURS TO COLOURED

PEOPLE.

(From the New York Independent.)

The coloured people are now in high honour in
New York. The prejudice against a dark complexion
seems to be vanishing away. The city authorities,
and the citizens themselves, have just been lavish-
ing profuse attentions upon a few dozen new comers
with dusky skins. The newspapers, for several days
past, have been pre-announcing their movements;
the largest of the hotels has been•engaged expressly
for their accommodation ; the fleetest of North
River steamboats was' chartered to steam them
up the bay to the Battery ; the flags of the
shipping were hoisted in honour of their arrival;
the store-windows of the finest marble fronts on
Broadway were crowded with badges and banners,
printed in large letters, bidding them welcome; the
military were drawn up in procession, 7,000 etrong,
to add to the scene the honours of the national
stripes and stars ; the streets were crowded with
half the inhabitants of the city, to swell with the
popular voice the general chbrus of the day ; and
all this bustle and excitement, all this gathering of
a great multitude in holiday attire, all this beating
of drazno, and playing of Moe, and wavin3 of pocket-
handkerchiefs, performed simply and solely in
honour of a few carriage loads of coloured people,
newly arrived from their warm country across the
sea, their faces tinged with a very unpopular
blackish brown !

The coloured people sat in their carriages, and
politely bowed to the whites who gathered around
them on every side. They gave evident tokens by
repeated, smiles, and by graceful gestures of the
hand, that they were immensely pleased with their
honourable reception. After this, who will ever
again accuse the coloured people of ingratitude ?
They appeared to be in very good condition, with-
out fault or flaw; or, as they say in Richmond,
" warranted sound and healthy—right and title
good." We should think—though not claiming to
be the best judge of such articles—that Simmi
Boojsen-no-Kami, first ambassador, being now a
little old and careworn, and probably having seen
his best days, might not bring into the market
more than 800 dole. Mooragaki Awajsi-no•l(ami,
who is slightly injured in personal appearance by
heavy lips and protruding front teeth, might be
knocked down at the same price. Moorata
Okatoroh, who, it is said, has learned to read Eng-
lish, might on that account be considered a little
dangerous to our peculiar institutions, and would
hardly be a desirable article of purchase. But
"Tommy," who is a general favourite, would un-
doubtedly command a high cash price, because of
the extreme liveliness of his disposition, and his
remarkable ability to amuse.
These coloured people, however, notwithstanding
the general activity of the coloured people's market,
have not yet been offered for sale at any price. In
fact, they have some very unmarketable had habits;
the most striking of which is a claim to natural and,
social equality with the rest of mankind. Thus,
although coloured people, they not only made a
visit to Washington, but, to the great discredit of
our institutions, actually succeeded in getting into
the best circle of society. there ! Although only
coloured people, they nevertheless were invited into
the White House by the white man who lives in it,
and the white, pretty young woman who sits at the
head of the table. 'I he Old Public Functionary,
who writes himself as the Grey-haired, made a pro-
found bow to these coloured people, whO, in bowing
in return, as was plainly noticed, showed themselves
like that well-known coloured person, Uncle Ned—

" Without any wool 'on the top of his head."
The coloured people then proceeded to Baltimore,
and although they had no free papers to show, and,
so far as we are informed, no vouchers according to
law, were permitted to pass through the city after.
only a brief detention on the part of the authorities.
On Sunday afternoon they arrived in this city, and
although their eoming created great excitement,
we have not learned that Capt. Rynders, or his
deputy marshals, made any attempts at arrest. On
the contrary, the chief magistrate, Mayor Wood,
who stood so very high upon his dignity during his
recent visit to the coloured people at Charleston,
kindly condescended to give a cordial greeting to
these coloured people on their visit to him at the
City Hall. The Mayor's brother, too, sent to the
coloured people a handsome bouquet ; though this
instance has not made so striking an impression as
the other, inasmuch as he is himself one of the
coloured people, of the tribe of Wood's Minstrels.
Gov. Morgan, from whom we had a right to expect
great kindness to all coloured people, did no more
than we anticipated in his, polite attentions. But
we confess to a grateful surprise at the generous
invitation of Mr. and Mrs. James Gordon Ben-
nett, soliciting the pleasure of the company of the
Coloured people in their spacious parlours at Wash-
ington Heights, on Tuesday, at 1 o'clock. It is how-
ever but just to Mr. Bennett to say that his invita-
tions were issued privately, and not through the
columns of the Herald, so that no apprehension
need be felt for the Union of the States.

It is to be hoped that so many and so flittering
demonstrations of good-will towards the coloured
people may be the harbinger of an era of better feel-
ing. We are glad to learn that, during their stay in
this city, they will be handsomely entertained at
the Metropolitan Hotel, and will be permitted to sit
at the same table with the whites. They now walk
up and down our streets unmolested, greeted with
much curious but always respectful attention ; and
when, fatigued with walking, they prefer to ride,
they are gratified to find, as another evidence of in-
^reasing public sympathy, vehicles on almost all
--sues fitted up for their express accommoda-
the ave._ ".enerous announcement, " Coloured
tion, with the b ••-
car." Thus, everything will
people allowed in thib —sab both to them-
be done to make their sta3l ag.-
selves and to usr and we doubt net t
them not -nly our
iil-2.t when they
go away they will take with
warm prejil-
warm regards, but also our equall;y
dices against,the coloured peoplf!