The Sun.
London, England, 1860-08-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, *TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 14, 1860.

P LIBL ICATION S.

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Novready, in 2 vols., Bvo, with Illustrations, 30s. bound,
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.O\TERNMENT upon FIRST PRINCIPLES.
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PURSUANT.to a Decree of the High Court of
Chancery, made in a cause "Groom against Groom,"
the Creditors of Ann Birdseye, late of No. 4, Coburg-place
Bayswater, in the parish of Paddington, in the county of
Middlesex, widow, who died in or about the month of May,
1860, are, by their solicitors, on or before the sth day of No-
yembe.', 1860, to come in and prove their debts at the cham-
bers of the Vice-Chancellor Sir Ilichard Torin Kindersley,
No. 3, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's-inn, Middlesex, or in default
thereof they will be peremptorily excluded from the benefit
of the said Decree.

Saturday, the 10th day of November, 1860, at twelve o'clock
at noon, at the said chambers, is appointed for hearing and
adjudicating upon the claims.

Dated this 6th day of August, 1660.
CHAS. PUGH, Chief Clerk.
JOHN CASTLE GANT,
Plaintiff's Solicitor,
37, Nicholas-lane, London.

,PURSUANT to a Decree of the High Court of
Chancery, made in a cause of " Groom acrainst Birds-
eye," the creditors of James Birdseye, late of No. 4, Coburg
place, in the parish of Paddington, in the county of Middle-
sex, tea dealer. who died in or about the month of January,.
1839, are, by their Solicitors, on or before the sth day of No-
vember, 1860, to come in and prove their debts at the Cham-
bers of the Vice-Chancellor, Sir Richard Torin Kindersley,
at No. 3, Stone-buildings, Lincoln's-inn, Middlesex ; or, in
default thereof, they will be peremptorily excluded from the
benefit of the said Decree.

Saturday, the 10th day of November, 1800, at twelve
o'clock at noon, at the said Chambers, is appointed for
hearing and adjudicating upon the claims.

Dated this 6th day of August, 1860.
CHAS. PUGH, Chief Clerk.
JOHN CASTLE GANT,
Plaintiff's Solicitor,
37, Nicholas-lane, London.

SITUATION PANTED.
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2.11 E REVOL /11.7 ay IN. szva Y.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)

AUGUST 1.

This forenoon the armistice concluded by Medici
was to end or to be prolonged. Gen. Clary wished
for an interview with Garibaldi himself, which was
consented to, and held in the Casa Fiorentino, where
the first interview between Clary and Medici had
been held. This interview was held in the greatest
secrecy, the only point made public being the
evacuation of Syracuse and Agosta. But this is
only the least important part of the transaction,
for you must know we have come to this point that
we care but little about a couple of fortresses with
200 guns between them, or even the total evacua-
tion of Sicily. We fly at higher game ; and yet
this unheard-of success does by no means blind
Garibaldi, who even at this moment is ready to
listen to any arrangement, provided the great aim
which he has placed before him be secured. In the
interview of to-day Garibaldi laid down for the
first time the conditions under which he would con-
' sent to stop in his career of victory. A prolonga-
tion of the armistice for five days was agreed upon,
and General Clary leaves this evening for Naples
to carry there the conditions. He is to be back on
the evening of the sth inst.
As for the conditions, their aim is to unite the
north and south of Italy for all practical purposes,
without actually driving away the Bourbons. It is
one of those enthusiastic ideas which only Garibaldi
can conceive, and which I am afraid mankind are
too perverse to carry out. The question is neither
more nor less than of a king'y brotherhood, the
assimilation of their two kingdoms, one policy and
one army. Of course in this union Victor Em-
manuel, as the eldest of the two in the path of
Italian independence and freedom, is to have the
command of the whole army and the lead in the
Italian policy to be pursued ; Naples, in one word,
to follow, and to be assimilated to Italy, retaining,
however, its reigning family. As a first step in
this assimilation an exchange of troops—ltalian
troops to Naples.and the Neapolitans to the north,
to undergo a healthy transformation, and thus be- •
come national troops. The navy idem. The Con-
stitution adapted to that in force iii Upper Italy.
The Custom-house line between the two portions of
Italy abolished.
These are the chief points of the conditions laid
down by Garibaldi, and if they are accepted and
carried into effect the power for evil of the Bour-
bons of Naples is broken. In the meantime the
preparations are going on as if no result was ex- ,
petted from these negotiations; indeed, the condi-
tions are hard enough for us to be prepared for a
refusal. Yet, with most of the provinces of the
continent ready to revolt, witab. the capital on the
brink of a revolution, with a portion of the army
not to be trusted, it is not probable that the pro-
posals will be altogether refused. They will pos-
sibly be taken advantage of to try direct negotia-
tions with Piedmont, which have been unsuccessful
until now.

You will remember that when the Neapolitans
evacuated the town they consigned the Bank of
Messina to the Committee. This bank is altogether
a private institution, being above all used as a bank
of discount, and, as such, it has been of great ser-
vice to the commerce of the place. According to
its charter, it has, however, the power of advancing
money tit, the Government on the revenues.
This afternoon the Governor of the Bank called
on Garibaldi; and informed him that the bank of
discount had about 200,000 ducats, or about
50,0001., at his disposal. This was most welcome
news, fur money is going much faster than it is
coming in, and were it not for Garibaldi's name,
which commands credit, the thing would have come
to a stop. Arming, dressing, accoutring, and feed-
ing an army in a country without industry, where
almost all articles have to be imported, providing
materiel for artillery, buying and hiring steamers
for transport, absorb large sums. Besides this, it
is impossible, under the circumstances, to superin-
tend so closely the expenditure as not to leave a
considerable margin for waste, negligence and fraud.
Certain administrative traditions have been incul-
cated by the Bourbon rule, and, change as you
may the personnel, they cannot be got rid of in
Iny consideration of this financial difficulty an
order of the day was signed by Garibaldi at Melazzo,
reducing both the soldiers' and officers' pay. The
first,,, who hitherto received their rations and one
taxi, are to have their rations and four bajocchi, or
about 2d. a day ; the officers to have their rations
like the soldiers and 2f. pay, without distinction of
rank, on account, the rest being paid when the war
is over. You will see from this that those who come
here are by no
i means leading the life of Sardana-
palus, and it s but justice to say that those who
come from Upper Italy bear privations without
murmuring. Patriotism has a meaning for them.
For the Sicilian volunteers as a body this was rather
a strong measure, many of them having come for
the money rather than from patriotism. I am, of
course, speaking of the mass, for there are not a few
of the better classes who swell the ranks, and these
are as good as any other Italians.
In times of war and political crisis such as that
through which Sicily has been passing for the
last three months, you cannot expect that the reve-
nues should come in very regularly. Besides this,
many of the taxes imposed by the late Government
were so odious and vexatious that they could not
very well be kept up, and, unfortunately, these were
just the most productive ones for instance, the mill
tax, according to which evety
for the food of the people had grain of corn used
to pay about 25 per
cent. But even the collection of the taxes which
were retained offers difficulties. The most import-
ant of these is the land-tax (fondiaria), which is
paid every four months. The idea of freedom is, in
the eyes of the lower classes all over the world,
equivalent to not paying anything. In Sicily some
of the higher classes seem equally
this view, disposed to take.
it seems. The greater part of the soil
being in the hands of great. proprietors, and in, i
mortmain, the slowness n the payment of the land-
tax cannot but suggest this idea.
From all this you will see that the first great con-
dition in making war—namelyonnney,has its due
value in national warfare as in any other. There
are plenty of resources in the country, but they re-
quire time and different circumstances to be deve-
loped. Until this can be done our sympathisers
might to exert themselves.

• EVENING.
General Clary has left for Naples. The story is,
that besides his mission as negotiator, which he as-
sumed at the last moment, he has received a formal
call to Naples to exculpate himself from the accu-
sations brought against hit by Colonel Bosco.
The latter is said to attribute to him the disas-
ter of Melazzo, declaring tltt it had been agreed
beforehand that reinforcemen s should be sent after
the first column, and that thesOre.inforcements were
not sent. We know, by the indiscretion of the
Semaphore, that Clary's excusc was that he was him-
self threatened by the column coming from Catania.

AUGUST 2.
I this morning accompanied Garibaldi in his
usual morning visit to the Faro. Whatever be the
season, Garibaldi gets up at dawn, and it is these
early hours of the morning which he calls his own,
when he likes to indulge in his day-dreams, or
spend the time in confidential conversation. When
at home or in the camp he likes to saunter about,
leaving no spot in the neighbourhood unexplored,
and having, above all, a tendency to ascend all
high hills or towers from which you have the most
extensive view in the neighbourhood. It was in
these early morning walks, near the village of
Quarto, in the mountains about Genoa, that he
worked out his idea of a descent upon Sicily, and
on the heights of the Pizzo di Fico that he decided
on the bold blow at Palermo. The tower of the

lighthouse at the Fa, o is likely to become the
brooding-place of some other great idea, for not a
morning passes without Garibaldi being seen at
this chosen spot. Besides indulging in this favourite
pastime of contemplation and concentration in him-
self, his presence at the Faro just at this time is
required to vivify and advance the works which
are being constructed there.
Like time, Garibaldi waits for nobody, so I took
care to be there at dawn. He lives at the Royal
Palace,close to the villa,the little ornamental garden
in the main street. As usual, leaving the larger
apartments to his suite, he retired into, a small
corner room, which forms his bedroom, 'ES tudy, and
private room ; adjoining it is a small, room occu-
pied by his private secretary. He had just done
dressing when I entered ; he walked about in the
room, scarcely illuminated by the first gray light
of the morning, finishing hiei toilet. Coffee and
some hard biscuits were rae.dy for breakfast on a
small table encumbered veir,h papers, while in the
rest of the 'room were lyi'ag about in picturesque
confusion other papers, raodel arms, rifles, muskets,
swords, and revolvers, samples of the soldiers' ra-
tions as they ought to be, and cigars. Welcoming
me with a hearty shrike of the hand, he continued
walking about twice or three times along the room,
then stopping, he asked me, "Do you remember
the' Carme dells. Morte' of Ugo Foscolo ?" On my
confessing my ignorance he began to recite it to
me, giving al', the emphasis of which those sublime
verses are Capable. Having finished we sat doWn
to have some coffee, ialkiug of poetry and the su-
periority of versi sciolti over rhymes.
The 'carriage was ready, and we drove through
the staleilent street towards the Marina. It isatout
nine :niles to the Faro; almost all along the road
there is a succession of dwelling-houses, villas, and
villages.. The first part of it is the usual summer
evening drive in ordinary times, and it well merits
its attractions, with that deep blue sea, and the
white fort and houses of Messina rising out of
it ; the picturesque fishing and coasting boats
drawn up on the beach; to the left the verdant
hills, coming down close to the road and exhibit-
ing a deep green, tropical vegetation on their
slopes ; before you, in a graceful curve, the sandy
promontory, with the Faro at its extremity ; and
on the opposite side of the Strait .the mountains of
Calabria, and the white bu'ldings of Villa San Gio-
vanni and Reggio, bathed by the sea. It is hard
to say whether this scene is more lovely in the
warm evening tinge, or seen in the rosy vapours of
the morning.
Although it was only sunrise when we left the
town, the dwellings of the lower classes were
already open, the children playing en the beach,
their elders peeping out of windows, or standing at
the door, to give their greeting to their saviour, as
Garibaldi is called. Man, woman, and child seemed
to know him like an old acquaintance, and saluted
him with their best smile. They are lying, as it
were, in wait for him, knowing, as they do, that he
passes every morning. By seeing him every morn-
ing they seem to think that they have acquired a
kind of right to his acquaintance, and, above all,
the children watch for his carriage and never fail
to stammer the " .Evviva Garibaldi !" It is a kind
of affectionate popularity which he enjoys on this
spot, and which is quite different from the noisy
popularity which is the usual tribute paid to great
men; and Garibaldi is just the man to appreciate
this popularity, and to comply with its tyrannical
exigencies. Every one expects to have a look of
recognition, a familiar smile, a slight nod or wav-
ing of the hand ; it would tire out any one else ex-
cept the man from whom they are expected. He
sees every one and listens to every one—the most
formidable corvee in a country where every one
begins his speech with the creation of the world.
Among these continual nods and 93.1utes we
passed the five miles to the village of Pace, with its
little roadstead frequented by coasters, and its
pretentious church surmounted by a cracked cupola.
After leaving this village the houses become more
sparse and the gardens more numerous ; you pass
several dry river-courses, and then proceed on a
narrow strip of land between two salt-water lakes
renowned for their oysters, which are even preferred
to those found in the Mare Morto, near Beim.
Emerging from this strip of land, you come to
the village of Faro Inferiore, and beyor a it to the
sandy, bare peninsula at the point of which rises
the lighthouse.

The Neapolitan steamers were rather busy this
morning, and before we left the town we could dis-
tinguish four of them cruising about between the
point of Messina and Villa San Giovanni, on the
opposite coast. I don't know whether it was
accident, or whether they saw us, but they seemed
bent upon keeping company with us. As we
advanced, they followed, till they arrived with us
in the neighbourhood of the Faro. There were

three other steamers already there, and all the
seven together seemed to watch with great interest
what we were doing. If we went on they went on,
if we returned they returned. Garibaldi seemed
scarcely aware of their existence. At the outskirts
of the village we descended, and went on towards
the works near the lighthouse point. Before arriving
there we passed the guns lately brought from Pa-
lermo and Melazzo, which were drawn up in a re-
spectable line along the beach. The first hour or
two after our arrival was given to the inspection of
this nzateriel and of the works, where some hundred
men were busy excavating the sandy ground.
The inspection being over we ascended to the
gallery of the lighthouse, from which you enjoy a
magnifient view of the Straits. Almost opposite
you have the rock and town of Scylla; next to it
Torre di Cavallo, surmounted by a battery built of
stone. Underneath winds along the slopes the only
carriage road of Calabria. A little to the left of
Torre di Cavallo you see a large plateau half way
up the mountain. This is the Campo, so called
because the French during their occupation of
Naples had established there an intrenched camp,
from which they threatened a descent into Sicily.
This camp forms an excellent point ci appui for any
operations in Calabria. A few miles lower down
you can see a string of white houses, they are the
village of Cornaitello ; and on the Punta di Pezzo
beyond it you see another battery. A number of
columns of smoke above the rock of Scylla indicated
an encampment, and we know that there are about
2,000 men stt that pcint. At Villa S. Giovanni,
only a few miles from Reggio, there is an equal
number ; while at Reggio itself there is about
3,000 men. These are all the forces on the coast
looking towards Sicily. Some battalions are echel-
loned along the road by Bagnara Palmi and Mon-
teleone. These are all the forces at present in
this part of Calabria. Evidently the Neapolitans,
in case of a descent, don't intend to make a stand
in this part of Calabria, but reserve their resist-
ance for higher up—for instance, on the line
between Nicastro and Tiriolo, where the road
crosses the main chain of the Appenines, and de-
scends into the valley of the river Crati. For an
army which really intends to fight, there are positions
enough all along the road; but it must be likewise
recollected, that for light troops, without baggage,
every footpath or mule trick is a road. This is
the advantage we have. The Neapolitans cannot
operate, and dare not move where we can. They
have, besides, the drawback of having the popula-
tion against them. Not only the two Calabrias,
but likewise the adjoining province of Basilica,
give unequivocal signs of their intention to make
common cause with Garibaldi. I myself have no
great faith in their active co-operation, but even
the passive sympathy of a population is a power-
ful auxiliary in military operations.
It was nearly 10 a.m. before we returned to
town, where already hosts were waiting to see and
speak to the Dictator. And this is the busiest part
of the day. In vain is notice after notice stuck up
to inform people that all matters of routine are in
the hands of the Ministry, everyone thinks his own
affairs sufficiently important for the country to
weary the Dictator with their recital.. A great
deal of this eagerness arises from the conviction
that there is more chance of being listened to by
him than by anyone else.

AUGUST 3.
This morning was taken up with disposition of
the Commissariat Department and of the General
Council of War, which is to supersede all the par-
tial ones in the different corps. Both are difficult
matters. The number of troops, which were hitherto
scattered in different parts of the country, are by
degrees collected here, and every day new efforts are
required to suffice for the exigency in this respect.
This becomes doubly difficult from the want of a
proper machinery to superintend the contractors.
These latter, for want of better ones, are the same
who served the Neapolitans, and have acquired
certain practices which are allowed to passin re-
gular armies, but which excite great vices in volun-
teers given to arguing the point. However ready
to bear privations when it cannot be helped, there
are no troops more exacting than volunteers in quar-
ters; and rightly so, every deficiency is remarked
and the quality criticised, so that the Commissariat
Department and contractors have a hard life of it.
But all this will settle down by degrees.
The punishment of military offenders is not less
difficult than the feeding of a volunteer force. Gari-
baldi won't hear of an oath, which constitutes else-
where the basis of obligation in the soldier. Under

PRICE 41). STARTED. sr.

these circumstances it was extremely difficult to
apply a military code, and few or no councils of war
could be found willing to go to the extreme penalty
of the law, without having some basis to go upon ;
and, volunteers or conscripts, no army can go on
without the power of inflicting the punishment of
death. Garibaldi himself has lately become con-
vinced of this, and a General Council of War, with
full powers to apply the military code, has been
instituted at headquarters, to which all offences be-
yond those amenable to the internal discipline of
the battalions and brigades are referred. With
our Sicilian volunteers some examples are necessary,
for they have queer ideas of volunteering, taking the
word in its literal meaning—for a permission to do
as they like.

During the day the Governer of the Bank came
again to present his personnel, and at the same time
to announce that the Neapolitans had drawn out of
the Bank 400,000 ducats, or well nigh £BO,OOO.
There was great want of money, and no remittances
from Naples, so forced loans were made from the
Bank. It was decided to send one of the employes
to Naples in order to try and recover this money
forcibly taken from the Bank.

A lIGITSr 4.
This morning one of our steamers, with two bat-
talions, conspicuous in their red shirts, came into
the harbour itself, passing Neapolitan cruisers, and
arriving amid the cheers of the crowd which was
attracted by the sight. It was TYle, thkrtit
for it might have ended in the breaking of the
armistice, but as it succeeded it is sure to please
Garibaldi.

AUGUST 5.
To-day General Clary, or whoever the Neapolitan
Government will send with the answer, ought to
arrive. But as he is not expected till evening, and
the French steamer leaves before that, I shall pro-
bably be unable to inform you by this mail of the
result. To• morrow, however, another French packet
comes in from Malta on its way along the Italian
coast, so that I hope to send the news that way.
The steamers from Palermo to Genoa still continue
their service, but with the uncertainty of the com-
munication between this and Palermo, cannot be
relied upon. So we are reduced to the French
steamers, which are too close to each other.