The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-07 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence.

The folic zing are the new regulations in regara to the
naval uniform :
" The fall dress, undress, and frock coats, and also
the epaulettes, will be retained ; but the following alter-
ations will be made :
"MILITARY BRANCH.
. _ _

"Admirals—The gold lace of two filches and one and
a quarter inch in breadth now on the full-dress coat will
be reduced to one and three-quarters inch and one inch
respectively. The full-dress, undress, and frlck coats
will have a band of one and thrt e quarter inch gold lace
round each cuff, and the relative ranks of rear, vice, and
VI admirals, and admiral of the fleet, will be distin-
uished by the addition of one, two, three, and four bars
offive-eighths of an inch gold lace, a quarter of an inch
a part,above the band ; the upper bar to be curved or
turned up the sleeve about two inches.
" Captains, Commanders, &c.—The full, undress, and
rock coats of captains v. ill have three bars of half-inch
gold lace round the cuffs ; commanders two ditto, and
lieutenants and masters one ; mates and second masters
one bar of quarter-inch cord round the cuffs. The upper
bar in all cases being curved up the sleeve.
" All the epaulettes will be reduced in size. The one
epaulette now worn by mates, second masters, assistant-
surgeone, and paymasters' assistants will be discontinued
and a wing on each shoulder will be substituted, being
the strap of the epaulette without the bullion.

" CIVIL BRANCH.
" Medical Officers, Secretaries, Paymasters, and En-
gineers—The full, undress, and frocks coats will be con-
tinued ; also the epaulettes ; but the following altera-
tions will be made :
" All the mats will have distinction lace on the cuffs,
half an inch in breadth, according to the relative rank
of the officer with the officers of the military branch,
which lace is to be carried straight round the cuffs.
" The epaulettes will have the outer border or edging
of the strap a quarter of an inch in breadth, and also the
inner part of the cre.cent of silver instead of gold, in
other respects they are to remain as at present.
" Medical Officers, &c.—The undress and frock coats
of the medical officers will have the buttons placed by
threes, and those of secretaries and paymasters will have
the buttons placed by twos, as in full dress.
" Engineers—Engineers will have a uniform corre-
sponding with their relative rank in the military branch,
the right buttons on their coats to be placed by fours.
" Inspectors of machinery will have the civil epau-
lettes, with a star and anchor on the strap, and the chief
engineers will have the plain civil epaulettes.
" Assistant-engineers of the first class will wear two
wings—civil class; second and third, no wings on the
shoulder.

" The cocked bat of the civil branch will have lace
half an inch in breadth, instead of ballion, and the or-
naments will also be of flat lace.

" The following new cap will be introduced :
" The gold band will be discontinued, and a black
mohair band substituted.

" The ornament in front of the cap will be the crown
and anchor in embrDidery ; that of the military branch
will be gold, with a gold and silver crown ; and a silver
anchor ; that of the civil branch will be entirely gold.
" The edge and upper part of the peak of the admirals'
cap will be embroidered in gold ; the edge only of the
captains' and commanders' caps will be embroidered.
The sword belts of all ranks will have slings to carry
the sword, instead of its being fastened to the waistbelt.
" Midshipmen and cadets will have a dirk instead of
a sword.

" The detailed regulations will be issued in a few
days, and the correct patterns will also be transmitted
to the p.,rts."

The feet at Spithead was augmented on Saturday
and yesterday by the arrival of the Meander, 44-gun
sailing-frigate, Capt. Baillie, from Leith ; the Transit,
6, steam troop-ship, Commander C. R. Johnson ; the
Intrepid, 6, st.am gun-vessel, Commander W. Wood,
from Woolwich ; the Princess Alice, despatch yacht, from
Woolwich ; the Mastiff and the MisCetoe gun-boats
from the Thames. To day Vice-Admiral Sir G. Sey-
mour, K.C.8,, the Commander-in-Chief, will hoist his
flag tin the Arrogant, 46, Captain Lyster, and proceed
to marshal the fleet in the order to be observed at the
forthcoming review, a rehearsal of which will be made
on Thursday, the 10th inst., when the ships and gun-
boat flotilla will be anchored towards Stokes Bay. The
fleet and gun-boats, in two lines, at the closest possible
available distance, will cover four miles of water The
gnn-boats will manceuvre by forming line abreast, then
in two columns. Each division will be led by its re-
spective line-of-battle-ship. The Algiers, 91, Captain
Codrington, C. 8., will lead the red squadron ; the Colos-
sus, 81, Captain the Hon. H. Keppel, C. 8., will lead the
white squadron ; the Brunswick, 81, Captain Yelver-
ton, C. 8., will lead the blue squadron ; the Sanspareil,
71, Captain A. C. Key, C. 8., will lead the light squad-
ron. A great number of hands was employed from
daylight until dark yesterday to expedite the equipment
of the gun-boats newly taken to Portsmouth from the
several contractors, in order that they may be ready to
take part in the forthcoming Royal naval spectacle ; and
such as are not ready by the 10th inst. are to be taken
out to the anchorage, moored in" line, and called the
"reserve." One division of the gun-boat fl itilla will
make a chain attack on the Rodney, 90-gun ship ;
another division will make a similar attack on the Duke
of Wellington, on board of which the Lords of the
Admiralty will muster ; another division is to attack
Southsea Castle, &c. This is the rumoured order of
rehearsal for Thursday next. On the day of the re-
view the Transit will be appropriated to carry the
members of the House of Lords, and the Urgent will
carry the members of the House of Commons. Every
available craft that will float will have some special
occupation on the eventful day. All leave was pro-
hibited from the feet on Saturday, and the signal re-
mains in force for the present. The Fire Queen steam-
yacht, Master Commander W. F. Paul, embarked Ad-
mirals Sir M. F. F. Berkeley and Sir G. Seymour, and
the Captain of the Fleet, the Hon. F. T. Pelham, yes-
terday afternoon, and conveyed them out to Spithead.
The sailing transport Sahlanha, No. 209, Capt.W. H.
Watts, Lieut. Chas. Hawkey, It.N., Admiralty agent,
arrived at Spithead on Saturday morning from the Ea+t,
with invalids from the following regiments, under the
command of Capt. R. W. Piper, 46th ; and in medical
charge of Staff-Surgeon A. L. Adams, Assistant-Surgeon
W. V. Brown, Hospital dresser J. Stewart, and R. F.
Blackmore, purveyor on duty :-Royal Hone Artillery,
2 ; Osmanli Horse Artillery, 20; Ist Dragoon Guards,
5 ; sth ditto, 6 ; 6th ditto, 6 ; Ist Royal Dragoons, 11 ;
2d ditto, 9 ; 4th Light Dragoons, 8 ; 6th ditto. 2 ; 10th
Hussars, 3 ; 11th ditto, 2 ; 12th Lancers, 10 ; 13th Light
Dragoons, 3 ; 17th Lancers, 3 ; Grenadier Guards, 1 ; Ist
Royal 6 Regiment of Foot, Ist Battalion, 1 ; 2d ditto, 3 ;
3d Foot, 2 ; 4th, 2 ; 7th, 5 ; Out, 2 ; 14t.h, 5 ; 17th, 1;
18th, 4 ; 19th, 5 ; 29th, 1 ; 21st, 1 ; 23,3, 4 ; 28th, 3
30th, 2 ; 31st, 1 ; 333, 1 ; 34th, 1 ; 38th, 2 ; 41-t, 4 •
44th, 5 ; 46th, 4 ; 47th, 3 ; 48th, 1 ; 50th, 1 ; 55th, 5
56th, 2 ; 57th, 1 ; 62,1, 1 ; 633, 3 ; 68th, 5 ; 72d, 2
77th, 8 ; 79th, 1 ; 821, 6 ; 88th, 4 ; 89th, 2 ; 90th, 1
97th, 3 ; Ise Battalion R.fle Brigade, 2 ; 2,1 ditto, 2
Ambulance Corps, 1 ; Land Transport Corps, 29 ; Royal
Sappers and Miners, 2 ; Army Works Corps, 2 ; Medi-
cal Staff, 2 ; German Legion, 18 ; 2 nurses, 3 soldiers'
wives, 4 soldiers' children, and 1 convict. During the
passage 10 deaths occurred, and 7 bad cases were landed
at Queenstown and at Malta. The Saldnnha is in whole-
some condition, which is proved by the fact that, with
the exception of those men who have lost limbs, all are
fit to return to military duty. She went into Ports-
mouth harbour yesterday afternoon to land her passen-

gers.
The Transit naval steam troopship, Commander C. H.
Johnson, was towed out of Portsmouth on Saturday and
anchored at Spithead. The Lucifer steam-tug arrived
at Portsmouth on Saturday from Plymouth with euoer-
numeraries. The Glatton, 14, steam-battery, Captain
Cumming, was taken out of dock on Friday, and the
Victor and NVanderer steam gun-vessels, Commanders
de Horsey and Luce, taken in for repairs. The sailing-
sloop, Lily, 12, was removed from ordinary at Ports-
mouth on Saturday to the dockyard, to undergo con-
version to a coal depot for the use of the fleet at the
Mutherbank, where a party of riggers proceeded in the
Pigmy steam-tug on Saturday to lay down moorings for
her. The steam-tug Dreadnought went into Portsmouth
harbour on Saturday morning with two new mortar-
vessels from Liverpool.
The new works now in course of construction at the
dockyard at Pembroke are being diligently carried on.
The following sums have been voted for their completion
—viz., the sum of 10,0001. fir a new roof over building-
slip No. 12, and for extending the seaward roof over
the same slip, 1,700/. The roofs over slips 1 and 2 are
also to be extended seaward at a cost of 3,6001. ; and
14,0001. is to be expended on the construction of the
two new slips and the new boat-basin. The lengthen.
ing and widening of the dock will cost this year 10,0001.,
and to widen the entrance will be 5,000/. more. The
sawmills, engine-house, and workshops have 11,000/.
voted, and an additional storehouse is to cost 6,3001.
The new machinery that is to be placed in this esta-
blishment will cost 8,000/. The foundry and plumbers'
shop, with new forges, store for iron, and stare for
oakum will cost 9,0001. These alterations and additions
will touch improve the capabilities of the establishment.
Four mortar floats, Nos. 101, 102, 104, and 105, were
on Saturday towed down to the Arsenal-wharf to re-
ceive their ammunition, having been stored from Wool-
wich Dockyard with three months service stock. Their
respective complements of ammunition were speedily
shipped from the Ordnance department, and they were
conveyed thence on Sunday morning to Sheerness, pre-
paratory to joining the flotilla at Portsmouth. Nos. 106
and 107 of the same class, and not being entirely cleared
from the shipwrights department, were also warped
out
of the fitting-basin into the river, so as to beableto
carry on their fitment and subsequent despatch with the
least possible delay.
The gun-boats of the Delight, No. 49, the Leveret,
No. 8, and the Mackerel, No. 32,
steamed at the same
time down to the Arsenal moorings at Woolwich from
the dockyard fitting-basin to be equipped for their voy-
age, so as to augment the forthcoming gun-boat display,
to which no inconsiderable number has been contributed
from Woolwich, 30 gun and mortar vessels having been
fitted out and manned from the dockyard and arsenal
there during the past month.
Some brass rifle 12-pounder guns of a peculiar bore
were on Saturday forwarded to Shoeburyness for experi-
ments.

PUBLIC 'WORKS BILL.—Two Government bills just
brought in authorise, for a further period, the advance
of money out of the Consolidated Fund for carrying on
public works and fisheries, and for the employment of
the poor and for public works in Ireland. The first bi►l
authorises the Treasury to approprilte during the live
years next ensuing Eth of April, 1857, 300,000/. a-veal,
to be charged on the consolidated fulid ; and the second
bill, cut of this sum, authorises the appropriation of
5,000/. per quarter, for fiTe year", for pablio works tit
'shad,

Spirit of the Public Joiznals.

(From the Times of this day.)
It is now more than 40 years since the Congress a
Vienna met to give new territorial-divisions and a new
destiny to Europe. The great revolution of Franca
was supposed to have come to an end, legitimate Sove-
reigns were not only triumphant, but seemed to the
world, and perhaps to themselves, the supporters of juss
tice, tranquillity, and human freedom.. They undertook
to regenerate Europe on the principles of religions truth
and respect for venerable usages. But far more than by
the Gospel, or by immemorial laws, were the monarchs of
the continent united through a common fear of France.
The war which closed with Napoleon's downfall was the
contest of old Europe against France, its principles, and
its arms. It cannot be wondered that at the pacificatioa
every statesman of the alliance should base been intent
on safeguards and guarantees against French aggression.
To preserve the minds of nations from French doctrines'
and their frontiers from French columns was the first
and almost the sole object of the farateue assembly whieh
met at Vienna. On this account every Power which
fought at Leipsic, or was on the march for Waterloo,
was considered to be allied for evermore. Althoegit
Russia had a few years bef eeized Finland steel Besse.:
rabia, 'no -diplomatist dared to hint that Europe had
need of securities against the policy of St. Petersburgh
as well as of Paris. The return from Elba so terrified
the Cabinets that the endeavours of England and Louis
XVIII.'s Ministers to oppose the preponderance of the
North were abandoned, and never renewed. The for-
tresses of France were dismantled, while along her
whole frontier the strongholds of her enemies were
multiplied and strengthened. Territory was distributed
and races were divided so as to give every State an
interest in the repression of the dreaded people.
Even the course of trade was made dependent 011
these considerations. The enemy was to be combated
by hostile tariff., and roads which would have joined
important cities were forbidden be.tause they might retie
der more easy the sudden march of the invader.
It cannot be wondered at that in such a partition of
Europe the weak States should suffer grievously. The
great Powers took their precautions and securities with
all the remorselessness of fear. One land which, to use
the language then in fashion, had been " swept over by
the revolutionary torrent," received the special attention
of the crowned heads. The first triumphs of the French
Emperor had been won in Italy. To the Cisalpine 110.
public and the Parthenopo3an Republic had succeeded
the kingdom of Italy, the secularisation of the Pavel
States, and the reign of Joseph at Naples. The entry
of the French into these rich and classic regions was
looked upon as dangerously easy, and to be prevented
only by foreign armies and a strict control over the po-
pulation. To Austria the task of defending Italy must
fall, and therefore it was thought just that she should
virtually rule it even in times of quiet. What the re-
sults of this rule have been is pretty well known to thee
world. Out of the last 40 years Austrian troops have
occupied portions of the Papal States for no less than
24. The Milanese and Venetian territories are now
under a severer discipline than at the era of the Viennese
Congress. Of Rome it is still more mournful to speak.
A priesthood which even fanatics do not undertake to.
defend rules 3,000,000 of Italians by the support ref
foreign bayonets. The Legations, one part of *le
great Napoleon's empire, and regulated by the pro-
visions of his code, are now the most unhappy
part of Italy, for they are under a dominion which
unites the worst evils of despotism and anarchy. The
Austrians occupy the country with a military force,
while the laws are administered by the Papal authori-
ties, who must in all cases consult the pleasure of the
foreign generals. Tuscany is only an outwork of Aug_
trig, who does not even conceal her claim to direct the
whole policy of the Duchy. When we come to Naples
it is hardly necessary to recall the past or expatiate on
what is now occurring. The kingdom has fallen from
bad to worse during the lifetime of this generation, and
when we hear of the dungeon of Poerio, or the spies of
Mazes, we have no reason to believe that we are indig-
nant at isolated and rare acts.

It would be hard for any one to argue that the Go-
vernments of Italy are not absolutely worse than in the
years succeeding 1815. But, even if it be allowed that
there has been no real, yet it must be admitted that
there has been a relative, retrogression. In every part
of Europe new ideas, new sciences, a new literature have
raised the mass of the people. At the last settlement of
Europe kings, nobles, and a small educated class made
up the world, and when these were satisfied a country
would be likely to be tranquil. But now, even on the
Danube and the Vistula, there are classes low in the
social scale who talk about freedom of thought and in-
dependence of nationalities. The more the Italians have
risen in attainments the stricter has been the repression.
The priesthood of the Roman States has been unable to
preserve its influence eveu with the poor. Whatever in
old times tempered the evils of clerical control has now
vanished. Tee prelates are no longer men of historic
name, connected with families which inherited wealth
and certain traditions of patriotism and just administra-
tion. If not maligned, they are now t.) a great extent
adventurers, without the pride to resist foreign intrigue
or the decency to hide their domestic •ices. As a class
they are unable to govern, and a fatal antipathy divides
theta from all of their countrymen who give signs of
genius or high principle.
Such is the state of things in these latter days, when
after 40 years of seeming lethargy an Italian state has
risen to take a bold part in the affairs of the world, and
give new hopes to the whole peninsula. A Congress is
now sitting in Paris, which may be considered as repre-
senting the reaction against all that Vienna dictated.
As before, a coalition has been victorious over a common
foe, and is intent on taking securities for Europe. But
nearly half a century, prolific in great ideas, has changed
the policy of the world. In 1815 statesmen thought
chiefly of the strengthening of frontiers ; now, even the
least advanced trust for tranquillity to the contentment
of na'ions. There is no 111V4011 that the Plenipotentiaries
of Paris any more than.tbose of Vienna should con-
fine themselves strictly to the contents of any via-
ntatunt or protocol. They have met to secure the peace
of Europe, and any vain distinction between the affairs
of the East and of the West is below the attention of
earnest men. We cannot therefore but hope that the
state of the Italian peninsula will be fully discussed,
and a remedy found for evils which are a scandal to
this age. Austria, it may be trusted, is willing to carry
out that nobler policy of which she has given hopes.
The allies may therefore represent to her, in no un-
friendly spirit, the wrongs which her protectorate has
prolonged. It would be, indeed, the pedantry of diplo-
matic etiquette to shrink from mention of what all men
know concerning Lombardy and Venice. Can it be
denied that the people of these regions do not love their
rulers, that they are coerced by an overbearing eel-
clery and an infamous police, that an advantageous in-
tercourse with Piedmont is forbidden, through fear
of liberal ideas, and that the whole state policy is of
a kind which might be called Machiavellian, if that
terns did not convey some notion of prudence
and success ? But the Roman States call for the
earliest decision. Hero there is no Government which
even lays claim to independence. Austrian troops at
Ancona balance French troops at Rome. The country
is occupied by foreign soldiere, and no one dares to sug-
gest that they should be withdrawn as long as a Pope
is a temp coral sovereign and his ministers are cardinals.
What must be the opinion even of continental monarchs
when they assert in one breath that the Romans are de-
generete and pusillanimous, and yet that the Pope could
not reign a week without French bayorets What mu t
be the rule which such a people would rise against in
mass the moment that external repression was with-
drawn ? Into the details of any proposed change we
cannot enter. Whether it be suitable that the legations
should be divided from the remaining territory and ad-
minieterod by a temporal government with more en-
lightened laws—whether the Pope should guarantee the
ceseat ion of the present priestly rule, except over eccle-
siastics, should be matters only decided after attentive
discussion. But those grievances which drove the Ita-
lians into tumult a full year before Louis Philippe fell
should no lower be disregmrded. An approach to a
national unity, by the abolition of impediments to in-
tercourse, should be attempted, and the exaggerated
system of passports and Customs at once modified.
Something like a real amnesty would, we are oonfidsnt,
have much effect in soottlin,4 the sense of Hustice which
now embitters so many minds. A. combined rell1011•
strance of the great Powers would, no doubt, be SUM.
cient to alter much that is scandalous at Naples. On
the whole, statesmen who should seriously devote them-
selves to the amelioration of this unhappy land would
find a field for the exercise of their highest facilities, and
by their success conf benefits on Europe not less than
those which have been won by the war which has just
been brought to a conclusion.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge
and the Princess Mary arrived in town, on Saturday,
from visiting the Earl and Countess of Wilton, at Mel-
ton Mowbray. The Countess Helene Kielmansegge was
in attendance. Their Royal Highnesses Paid a visit t•
the Duchess of Gloucester, at Gloucester House, befor
returning to Kew.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited the
Duchess of Gloucester, at Gloucester House, on Satur-
day.
We have reason to belly(' the Earl of Clarendon will
not leave Paris until the week after next, by which time
it is considered that peace will be ratified.
The Lord Chancellor will receive the Judges, Queen's
Counsel, &c., to-morrow, the first day of Easter Term,
at his lordship's, residence, in Upper Brook-street, at
12 o'clock.
The Earl and Countess of Jersey entertained a select
party, at dinner, on Friday evening, at their mansion,
in Berkeley-square. Her ladyship reoeived a few friends
after dinner.
The Earl and Countess Cowper arrived in town, on
Friday, from Wingham Lodge, Kent.
The Countess Helene Kielmansegge has arrived at the
residence of the Hanoverian Legation, from attending
on the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary.
The Earl and Countess of Harewood arrived in town,
on Friday last, from Harewoed House, Yorkshire.
Viscount and Viscountess Sydney arrived in town, on
Saturday, from Paris.
Viscount Grey de Wilton has arrived in town, from
Melton Mowbray.
Lady Overtone has issued cards for a reception on
Thursday next.
The only son of Sir George Grey, now on service with
the Rifle Brigade in the Crimea, came of age on Satur-
day. The right hon. baronet gave an entertainment to
eh the servants and retainers of the family, at his resi-
' dense in Eaton-place, to celebrate the event.
rDr. R. Drindas Thomson has been elected by the Se.
-nate of the University of London to the Examinership
ier Chemistry (in Arts) vacated by Professor Graham, on
his appointment to the Mastership of the Mint.
We (United Service Gazette) are concerned to state
that, although greatly improved, the health of Lord
Seaton ie still giving uneasiness to his iriende.