The Sun.
London, England, 1869-08-25 00:00:00

T.EIE SUN, LONDON, WE ESDAY EVENING, AUGUST' 25, ['69.

1 'HEATF .E-RGYAL DRURY-LANE.
dole Le ssee s nd Manager, Mr. F. B. Chatterton.

Tam EVEINID o, at 7, BELLES OF THE KITCHEN. At 8
FORMOSA Mt Issr . Barrett, H. Irving, David Fisher, Brittain
Wright, John Buse ; Mrs Billington, Misses M. Brennan, Mac
donald. and Kat bar ine Rodgers. Conclude with BORROWED
PLUMES.

m ore than repaid by the additional work which better
food enabled them to do, should convince the Devon-
shire farmer that an extra 2s. or 3s. a week paid to
his men will come back to him again. Should it
prove otherwise, the case is by no means hopeless for
the farmer. If he cannot really afford to pay the
extra wages, then he must co-operate with his neigh-
bours to substitute mechanical for human labour.
The result will be that the race of agricultural
labourers will diminish, the race of mechanics will
increase ; the money now spent on the farm
as wages for farm work, will be spent
at the factory in the purchase of implements.
Or there is another remedy; there is another form
of co-operation; that between farmers and labourers,
in which capital and labour will share the profits. This
principle, so remarkably successful in some forms of
manufacture, has yet to be applied on a large scale
to agriculture.

There was one other point connected with the
same subject discussed with considerable energy ; the
custom of paying agricultural labourers a portion
of their wages in cider. This custom which was
referred to in a paper read before the Bath meeting
of the Association, has since then received more
attention. Canon GIRDLESTONE believes it to be a

most vicious custom. We thoroughly agree with
him. The Standard criticises—we cannot say
answers—the Canon's arguments, by saying that the
labourers must drink something, and that it would
be absurd for them to go through the round-
about process of receiving the money from
their master in order to pay it back to
the master for the cider which he sells them. Yet
it is this very " roundabout" process which the law
insists upon being observed in the manufacturing
districts. It was found that the mechanic and the
miner did not get the full value at the 44 tommy" shop.
Either the goods were inferior in quality, or they
were charged for at an extortionate rate. The law,
therefore, in the shape of a Parliament largely com-

posed of landowners came in to the rescue of the
operative and the mechanic, and forbade the truck
system. But there the landowners stopped short.
They did not extend their measure to the agri-
cultural districts, and thus for nearly forty years the
farm labourer has been exposed to a system which
the landowner thinks iniquitous in all other occupa-
tions than farming. The mischief is all the greater
in Devonshire becausethere the article supplied in lieu
of wages is a luxury and not a necessity. Bread, bacon,
tea, and sugar, are all goods that must be obtained

in some way, if not at the tommy shop, then else-
where. But cider contains absolutely no nourish-
ment, and the man who drinks it is not one whit the
better for drinking it, but often the worse. Yet he
is compelled, under the present system, to spend
one-sixth or one-fourth of his wages in a luxury.
It would be reprehensible extravagance for us
who can afford luxuries, to spend twenty

per cent. of our incomes upon our cellars.

It is still more reprehensible for the labourer who
cannot even afford necessaries thus to squander his
money. Most reprehensible of all is the compulsion
placed upon him to be thus extravagant.

There were other subjects of great importance
discussed in the Economic Section, which has been,
we think, by far the most successful of any, thanks
in great measure to the presidency of Sir
STAFFORD NORTHCOTE. Devonshire has been
the foremost county in promoting educational
reform. To the representatives for the Northern
Division, Mr. ACLAND and Sir STAFFORD himself,
England owes a great weight of obligation. An
especial interest therefore attaches to the views of
these and other Devonshire men upon the great
question of the day. We cannot here allude to it

further than to say that the conviction seems to be
growing rapidly that a complete system of national
education must be compulsory. This opinion was
avowed also by Mr. LEWIS in his recent address
to the electors of Devonport. There is yet one more
topic of national importance, which owes its
prominence to a Devonshire man—the question of
local taxation—which was so ably treated by Sir
MAssEY LorEs during the past session. This topic
is rather closely associated with the last, and we fear
is likely to interfere with it. Local taxation
is excessive ; of that there can be no doubt. It
must be reduced ; upon that all are agreed.
How, then, can educational reforms hope to impose

?on the local rates the cost of educating

the people ? It is an awkward question, yet we
believe that the answer is not difficult. The money
devoted to education is the best possible investment.
Spend money upon that, and you will cease, in great
measure, to want money for gaols and police. One-
half of our local expenditure is spent upon the
punishment and prevention of crime. Another
large proportion is spent upon relieving pauperism.
Both crime and pauperism would be almost extin-
guished by education.

LATEST INTELL LGENCE

(R EUTE n's TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.

NEW Yong, August 24.
The Inman Royal mail steamship City of
Paris arrived here to-day at 5 a.m. All well.

Company's steamer
England a'h eNational
a ivSedteoaumtshtoip-day.
lsoarr
The Cunard steamship Cuba arrived here at

6 a.m. to-day.

The Hamburg and American steamship Silesia
arrived here at 2 a.m. to-day.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
CLOSNIG PRICES.

Gold closed at 133 ; the highest quotation dur-
ing the day was 133 ; the lowest, 132 k.
Sterling Exchange on London lO9l.
5-20 U. S. Bonds, 1882 1221.
1885 l2lf.
41 " 1867 l2Ol.
10-40 11
Illinois
Erie 29.
Cot ton upland 3sc.
Petroleum—Standard White 32c.
Flour, extra state, $6.70c. to $7.30c. Corn, old
mixed, sl.loc.

QUEENSTO WNW Aug. 25.

The Inman Royal mail steamer City of Antwerp,
from New York, arrived here at 7 a.m., and
having landed mails and passengers proceeded im-
mediately for Liverpool. All well. She brings
$BB,OOO in specie.

SOUTHAMPTON, Aug. 23.

The North German Lloyd steamer Baltimore,
from Baltimore, arrived here this morning with 51
passengers and a general cargo for Bremen.
On the 19th she spoke the English ship Bos-
phorus and the bark Thames, and on the 24th the
ship Benlomond.

11 UN GARY.

PESTI!, AUG. 25.

The Emperor, who is expected here this evening,
will inspect the Honved Battalions to-morrow, and
afterwards proceed to the camp at Bruck.
The case of Prince Kargeorgevich will be pro-
ceeded with before the Supreme Court to-morrow.

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION.

EXETER, TUESDAY

Seldom, if ever, did so much excitement, not to say con-
fusion, prevail at any meeting of the general committee
as at the one held in the Albert Memorial Museum yes-
terday. The struggle for the honour of receiving the
Association next year was intense between Edinburgh
and Liverpool. When all that could be done in the way
of advocacy had been done by the deputations from
the two districts, the show of hands was so
nearly equal that it was clear—indeed, he admit-
ted the fact himself—the President was unable to
form no accurate idea of -a hich was the winning
side. Then, on every hand, arose loud cries of "Divide,"
and Professor Stokes, strong as a philosopher, but weak
as a chairman, evidently knew not what to do. On the
suggestion of one of the officials, it was then attempted
to take the vote by ranging the adherents of Edinburgh
on one side of the room, and those of Liverpool on the
other. But again the difficulty of counting blocked the
way, and, as a last resource, the two competing sections
went out into different lobbies, when the numbers were
correctly ascertained and duly announced by the Presi-
dent, who has raised a good joke against himself for ever
and a day by saying that ninety-one bad voted for
Liverpool and eighty-six for Edinburgh, which gave the
former a majority of six, which, to say the least of it, was
rather a funny calculation for a mathematical professor.
Much that is congratulatory has been said to-day about
the election of Professor Huxley as President, and already
it has been predicted that the address of 1870 will possess
an exceptional interest. Report has it that the following
year the presidential chair will be occupied by Professor
Tyndall. In point of numbers, the present is the smallest
meeting since the one held at Cambridge, the total
number of tickets sold being only 1,847.
Mr. Norman Lockyer discoursed learnedly and plea-
santly on the Sun last night, in the Victoria Hall, his
lecture being illustrated by experiments.
Mr. Fletcher's paper on " Government action with
regard to boiler explosions," which was read yesterday,
gave rise to a long discussion in the Mechanical Science
Section this morning. Mr. Bramwell declared that the
number of deaths caused by boiler explosions was not
one-tenth of those which occur through carriage accidents
in the streets of London alone. He thought, however,
that such a lamentable loss of life ought to be prevented,
and was of opinion that people ought to be able to live in
the vicinity of boilers without a constant fear that an
accident will take place. He contended that coroners
onght to avail themselves of professional advice
when inquiring into the causes of explosions, be-
lieving that such direct inquiries would do more
to prevent the recurrence of these catastrophes than
Government inspection. In conclusion, be suggested that
no one should be allowed to make a boiler unless he had
previously demonstrated that he was fully capable of
doing so. Professor Ranking thought that if more
responsibility were enforced upon the owners, it would
have greater effect than placing the boilers under Govern-
ment inspection. The Section generally appeared op‘
nosed to the idea of Government interference, but was
in favour of inspection by associations or local officers—
the former proposition evidently meeting with the most
approval.

The sewage question cropped up both in the Chemical
Section and the one devoted to Mechanical Science.
In the former, Mr. Stanford contended in favour
of dry earth being used for the treatment
of the excretion of towns instead of the system
now adopted. In the Mechanical Science Section, Mr.
Barry argued against the theory that the irrigation of
land by sewage was calculated to culminate in financial
success.

Dr. Mann read a paper on "Assisted Emigration" in
the section devoted to Economic Science. He insisted
that the emigration movement ought to be con-
sidered in the light of a commercial transaction,
instead of being looked upon as a charitable
object. He believed that the money thus spent would be
well invested, at the same time pointing out that Natal
was a favourable colony for intending emigrants. In
proof of this statement, he referred to the fact that a
number of Germans who bad settled in Natal had
acquired considerable property by dint of perseverance.
Mr. Hamilton dealt with the economic progress of
New Zealand, in which he argued against the policy of
providing for the colonists indiscriminate imperial assis-
tance At the same time, he considered that it was the
duty of the mother country to keep faith with the natives.
For his own part, he was of opinion that it was
the best policy of both countries to adopt a more
conciliatory tone, instead of continually snub-
14,ing on one side, and snarling on the other.
Sir George Grey spoke in the discussion, expressing his
opinion that Great Britain ought to support the colony
not only by her army, but in other ways calculated to
itake the country prosperous. This view was strongly
combatted by ea-Professor Rogers, who believed that the
adoption of such a course would be a curse to the colony.
In this section a paper was read by Mr. Heywood on
" Municipal Government for Canadian-Indian Reserves."
It was principally an account of a bill lately in!roduced
into the House of Assembly at Ottawa., for th purpose of
giving Canadian-Indians the Lentfit3 of municipal govern-
ment. The plan has received the approval of Miss Nightin-

gale, who had written as follows :—" how much I should
rejoice to learn that this very sensible way of civilising
the Indians had succeeded. To turn their power of self-
government to purposes of civilisation and progress is
certainly the true way of improving them."
The Geographical Section had under consideration
several subjects of a kindred character, such as trade
routes between Northern India and other parts of the
Asiatic continent, the Himalayas, Central Asia, &c. Btr.
Trelawny Saunders expatiated on the difficulty of Mr.
Cooper's attempt to cross from China to India.
The announcement that Miss Becker would read a paper
attracted a large number of the curious to the Biology
Section. The subject, however,,was not a promising one,
being the alteration caused by the development of a parasitic
fungus in the structure of the lechnis dcvica, one of the
group of which the wild flower called the Ragged Robin
is the type. In this section the improvement of the
Devon and Cornwall salmon fisheries was the subject of
a paper of local interest by Mr. Frank Buckland.

FRAUD IN THE ADULTERATION OF SEEDS.---By
the new Act, to "kill seeds," by destroying the vital
power, oc to "dye seeds," by colour to give them the
appearance of another seed, is punisnable by a fine of £5
for the first offence, and £5O afterwards, with publication
of the offender at his expense in newspapers.

"WORKING MEN'S CLUB AND INSTITUTE UNION.--
The report of the council just issued states that the
working men's clubs and institutes have risen from 312 to
355 during the past year, being an ircrease of 43, as com-
pared with an increase of 55 last year, and of 38 in the
preceding year. In the case of these 13,23 were established
with the aid of this society.

TIIE BARNET RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—TIIO inquest
on the body of Arthur South, who was killed on Monday
week in the railway collision near Barnet, was reopened
on Tuesday. Witnesses *ere examined as to speed and
the signals. The coroner remarked that the collision
would not have occurred if the signalman at the Barnet
Station had not signalled that the line was clear. It seemed
that the chief culpability was on the part of the driver,
who went 823 yards on the wrong line. The jury retired,
and after having been absent about an hour, determined
to adjourn for a month for further evidence.
AN " ARTFUL DODGER" OUTWITTED.—An im-
pudent but unsuccessful attempt was made last week by
a tramping shoemaker, named Barry, to swindle a
Rotherham tradesman. Mr. Bibbs keeps a pawn-
broker's shop in Church-street, and amongst thyf taany
persons who visited it on Saturday night for the purpose
of handing sundry articles over to the care of "Uncle,"
was Barry, who wished to have 10s. advanced on a coat.
Mr. Bibbs was present at the time Barry made his
appearance, and recognised the coat as one which he had
only a few minutes before been hangingup at his own door
exposed for sale. Without manifesting any symptoms of
surprise at this cool attempt to swindle him, be went into
an adjoining office, leaving Barry to flatter himself that
his doilge had answered, and that the worthy pawnbroker
had gone to fetch the money. From the office, however,
Mr. Bibbs emerged into the passage, where Barry was
standing and unceremoniously ushered him into the office.
The crest-fallen shoemaker was soon provided with
lodgings at the police-station. _ _

THE PUBLIC lIBALTII.—Last week the rate of
mortality both in London and in 13 other large towns of
the United Kingdom was 25 per 1,000; in Paris, 22;
and in Berlin 35. The deaths referred to diarrhoea in the
11 large Euglish towns, including London, which in the
two previous weeks bad been 741 and 700, declined last
week to 552, sheaving an average annual death-rate for
the week of 5 per 1,000 persons estimated to be living in
those towns. The death-rate from this disease in the
several towns varied from 3 per 1,003 in Newcastle-
upon-Tyne and Bristol to 9 per 1,000 in both Salford
awl Liverpool. In the metropolis 2,131 births and 1,527
deaths were registered, the latter having exceeded
by GS the estimated number. Ihe deaths from zyrnotic
diseases were 595, the corrected average number being
535. Five persons died from smallpox, 21 from measles,
132 from scarlet fever, 5 from diphtheria, GO from whoop-
ing-cough, 13 from typhus fever, 17 from enteric fever,
and 5 from simple continued fever. The deaths of 14
children, and 3 adults from simple cholera were recorded.
The mortality from scarlet fever continued to increase,
while, on the other hand, no deaths by injuries from
horses or vehicles in the streets were registered. The
mean temperature durin,-, the week WAS 58'7. or 2'3 below
.the 411/6gci

THE TRADES UTIONS CONGRESS AT

BI.RIIII.NGIIA M.

The paper read by Mr. Potter at the Birmingham

Grades Union Congress, on Tuesday, which paper was
very strenuously condemned by some person present be-
:muse it introduced subjects foreign to the object of the
nference, was entitled "Disorganisation of Labour,"
=braced a variety of subjects, and had special reference
;o pauperism and the use of intoxicating drinks by the
vorking classes. Upon the question of trade and trades

anions the author remarked that the trade of a country
lepended upon the position towards it of the great
loroughfarcs of the world, upon its climate, the cheapness
Ind abundance of its raw material, and upon the health,
;he skill, and the mental and moral character of the
eorkmen. Pauperism, which was the result in a
:rent degree of drinking, was the bane of the country,
Ind it would seem that the national industry and intellect
were powerless to avert it. It was true the army of in-
lustry declared war against the cause of pauperism and
crime which was producing so much misery. Let them
-ealise the fact that every year upwards of 228 millions
)f pounds sterling were spent, or rather wasted, by the

British nation in intoxicating drinks, and that this stun

early was not reproductive. The object of the paper
ippearel to be to slicw that drunkenness was so telling
Ipon the people that a national war should be declared
against it, and, in conclusion, it urged upon trades unions
;he importance of encouraging the masses to cultivate
labits of temperance and providence.
Mr. Owen read a paper on " Courts of Arbitration, how
Far they will promote peace between capital and labour."
The author argued strongly in favour of arbitration in the
settlement of trade disputes. In his opinion neither the

Arbitration Act of 1824 nor the Councils of Conciliation
Act of 1867 had been of much utility, but the extra-
judicial boards of arbitration established by Messrs.
i4lundella and Kettle had been productive of good,
?ffecting a radical change in the operations and spirit
)f workmen and masters towards each other. Such Boards
of Arbitration had been established at Nottingham, Wob.
verhampton, the Potteries, Walsall, Coventry, Worcester,
Bristol, Manchester, Leeds, Oldham, Huddersfield,
Wakefield, Derby, Leicester, Birmingham, and in con-
nection with the North of England iron and glass trades.
There was an element in the constitution of these tri-
ounals calculated to obviate or do away with the necessity
of strikes, but the success of the element depended on the
manner in which its overtures were received and the
honour and liberality with which the scheme was carried
out. They would be useful in catching the incipient mis-
understanding before it had time to develope into a quar-
rel. They gave an opportunity of getting at the modera-
ration and wisdom of the two parties. The paper
concluded with an emphatic remark that " union without
Irbitration was better than arbitration without union,"
%rid elicited marks of approbation. This paper gave rise
to a prolonged discussion.

Mr. Walton (London), to give practical effect to it,
moved the following resolution :—" That this Congress is
of opinion that the establishment of Courts of Arbitration
and Conciliation will greatly conduce to the just and
peaceable settlement of all disputes between employers
and employed, and be the means of preventing strikes
and lock-outs, as well as being conducive to
industrial and commercial enterprise." It would
be well, he said, that such a resolution should emanate
from an assembly like that. It would command for
them the respect of the public when it was known how
anxious the trades of England were to adopt arbitration
instead of having recourse to strikes.—Mr. Howell
(London) seconded the resolution.—Mr. Burton (Man-
chester) feared the visit of Mr. Kettle to Manchester had
proved a death-blow to arbitration in that city.
Mr. Summers (Birmingham) said arbitration in Bir-
mingham had not been so successful as could have been
lesired.—Mr. Kane (Vice-President) characterised the
conduct pursued by Mr. Kettle in the case of the dispute
at Manchester as open, manly, frank, and straightfor-
ward.—Mr. Burt (Newcastle-on-Tyne) said in the North

the men had wished to arbitrate, but the masters had
refused. The courts of France bad, on the whoje, been
successful ; but in establishing courts in Englaid trades
Unions ought not to be superseded by their adoption.—
NIL Gaunt (Coopers' and Casemakers' Society) thought
one of her Majeity's judges should preside over a court,
and that its decision should be binding.—On Arr. Walton's
resolution being put to the meeting, it was carried with
only two dissentients.

ALBERT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.

An application has been made to the Chief Clerk in Vice-
Chancellor James's Chambers by the representatives of
Messrs. Brandon, on behalf of a number of the policy-
holders in this company, to appoint a representative of

their body to attend the meetings recently sanctioned
by the Vice-Chancellor to be held in various parts of Eng-
land and on the Continent. The applicant observed that
the policy-holders represented n large sum of money,
and he attended on their behalf to object to
these meetings being held at the expense of the
estate. The whole facts were not before thci judge
at the time his Honour made that direction, nor were the
policy-holders then represented. The effect of this we uld be
to take out of the assets belonging to the policy-holders
a large sum of their money to their detriment, and to the
benefit of the other creditors, for a purpose which the
policy-holders were competent to carry out without
asking the official liquidator and all the necessary
paraphernalia to attend at the various places
in the country and on the Continent. There were
a large number of policy-holders at Vienna, Berlin, Paris,
and other places on the Continent, and with reference to
those at Berlin, in the course of a post or two ho expected
to receive special instructions to appear for the
whole body. Ho was at present instructed by
a body of policy-holders in London, Hull, and, he
expected, in Leeds. These policy-holders urged that
nothing could be more prejudicial than that those
meetings should be held by means of .tbeir
assets. He did not know whether it had
been before the Chief Clerk that the original
manager of the company, the late Mr. Kirby,
whom he (the applicant) had had dealings with for
upwards of twenty years, was at first simply manager,
but by a fortuity of circumstances subsequently became
managing director, and his son, who was now appointed
provisional liquidator, succeeded his father as manager.
The first object of Mr. Kirby would be to clear the
memory of his father from any imputations cast on it by
the policy-holders, and there was no more effec-
tual way of so doing than by getting the whole
strings of the company into the hands of him-
self and Mr. Bruce, who might never have heard
of the company before, except through their advertise-
ments. Mr. Kirby, having the reins thus in his hands,
would attend the meetings at the expense of the policy.

holders, and explain the remarkable policy which his
late father carried out, and which had resulted in almost
absolute ruin. For the protection of the policy-holders, it
vas absolutely necessary'that there should be an indepen-
dent representative, and those gentlemen who had
done him the honour to appoint him desired
:rim to urge on the Chief Clerk most strongly the pro-
priety of countermanding those meetings until the sum-
monses and petition had been heard before the Vice-
Chancellor in September, when the whole of the facts
would be brought forward if necessary on affidavits.
In reply to the Chief Clerk, the applicant said he was
not prepared that the representative should attend the
meetings at his own expense, on which the Chief Clerk
said in that case he did not think he would be able to

make any order.
Messrs. Lewis, on the part of the provisional

liquidators, said the scheme of reconstruction had
been submitted to the Vice-Chancellor, and in the
main approved of by him, and he directed that these
meetings should be held, not only in the town specified on
the affidavit, but in other places. The provisional

liquidators were most anxious to give the policy.
holders every information they had asked, and, more,
agree to, viz., the appointment of a local com-
mittee to co-operate 'with the central committee
in carrying out the scheme. If the Chief Clerk made the
order asked for, he would be going in the teeth of the
judge, who said the best thing that could be done would
be that these meeting 4 should be held.

The Chief Clerk said he shoUid— decline having the
meetings held at the expense of the company.
Mr. Brandon expressed his readiness to accept an ad-
journment until after the petitions had been heard by the
Vice-Chancellor.

The Chief Clerk assented to the arrangement, observing
that he had (lone nothing more than to adjourn the applica-
tion to the judge.

The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster has
placed Mr. Higgin, Q.C., on the commission of the peace for
the county palatine, and he mas on Monday formally elected
Chairman of Quarter Sessions for the Salford hundred.
BniEr BUT EMPHATIC.—A new paper in Bois 3
City, Idaho, introduces itself to the public in the following
terms :—" Salutatory. We have started a paper. Name :
Capital Chronicle. Principles : Democratic to the hilt.
Object : To make a living. Office : On Main street,
about three hundred yards below the Overland Hotel,
opposite an old oyster can in the road. And we'll run it
or ' bust.'"
VULPECIDISM IN CHESHIRE.—TIIO following in-
scription on a piece of paper was attached to a dead fox
found in a lane at Bunbury on the 10th instant :—" Gen-
tlemen and sportsmen, our doom is sealed if the farmers'
claims be not paid for the fowls and lambs we have eaten.
I am not the first who has paid the forfeit with my life.
Mind, brother Reynard, what you eat, that you don't get
poisoned, as we shall all be if the farmers' claims are nob
nald.=To, tholita WA" thc.

--
SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNAII

,
The Times says that if price is a measure of pleno ttba.
prospects of the present harvest are becoming °leer!
The wheat crop may not equal the produce of last sub'
mer, but the aggregate of agricultural produce will be far
more abundant in 1869 than in 1868. We may have
wheat, but we shall have more barley, hay, straw,
°
stock food of every description ; rich herbage in Place „
burnt pastures; and abundant root crops insteadof bole;
fellows. If it is asked what this comes to, the ansvieit
is easy. Bread, it is thought, may sligit
advance, but the price of meat should fall•
present the price of corn, under ordinary c'e
cumstances, can be kept at a reasonable gllr°i
Six times, indeed, within the last fifteen years it has, t
the average of the twelve months, been below that Priee!
455., at which a noble Protectionist declared that ti
:
British farmer " couldn't live." It is not much above tll3.
price at the present moment, whereas the latest guri,°t;e
tions from the cattle-market are as high as ever. .1,
supply of best breeds is " bare," both for sheep and eatehea
nor does the high price appear either to increase
supply or diminish the demand. In fact, if we rea'''t
from the present phenomena and ask ourselves 111;,3,1
quantity of stock we should require if good beef 3;
mutton were again to be had at 6d. per pound, the
elusion would be almost overwhelming ; but the fiee:
of production in Australia and South America are al/
lutely boundless. As it is, the importation
. eeion
foreign cattle makes so imperceptible an Isar 'lse
on cur stores that the very smallness of the suPPI7 0.
been made an argument for treating it with little °if,
sideration in the regulations against the cattle plagued to
however, the South American source could be turtle' a
good account, we might soon hear a different story'
meat, meat, in its turn, might become as plentiful as br:
Already, as regards the corn-market, we may look lee,
t,
year of sufficiency, alf %ciency, if not abundance. The h
according to a calculation by no means over sangefiles,
within 13 per cent. of an average, and it is not insprobawo
we think, under the influence of the present weather, too
the estimate may be improved. In all crops, ex-cePtgeed
wheat crop itself, the yield is luxuriant, and with og,
corn delivered from foreign ports at less than er-enor
quarter, we can very easily afford to lose a little P;s4
grown wheat for the sake of plentiful stock food
better pastures.
Oel
The Standard refers to two extraordinary instanceao
clerical intolerance which have just been brought 11/1,40
public notice. It is said, on the one hand, that the .11;10)
of Exeter has refused the use of the cathedral PUIJ o
the Rev. H. P. Liddon, who had been requested,
preach before the British Association ; and, on the
that the Dean of Ripon has written to the secretarleaese
the forthcoming Church Congress at Liverpool, "Pre/teed
ing against the Rev. A. H. Mackonochie," who is invitee,
to read a paper on the working of the offertory ellirchl
" being recognised as a fellow-labourer in the C11_8„010
These statements are made publicly in the ie'sa,.
of Exeter and Liverpool, and, as they rerceilited
contradicted, we are forced to assume that
eeele
are accurate. If we are to take this for granted, we;;Jee
say that we have rarely met with a more arrogant cLe-tes
of bigotry and narrowmindedness. It 'natters apd
pins that Mr. Liddon is a High Church theologial.ll.dee,
Mr. Mackonochie a leading ritualist, and that theeZreli.
taries who denounce them are members of the Low L'is re,
party. How comes it that the sin of intolerance er
specially conspicuous among the deans? Churchrateet
not have forgotten how the narrowmindedness of
Churchmanship was illustrated by Dean Stanley in
ring the doors of Westminster Abbey.against the
no
Anglican Synod, and now we have a dean in the 14
lerP
proclaiming a kind of interdict against a brother c toe
man, and a dean in the West'closieg his pulpit egaillEi tee
of the most distinguished theologians and preachers of
age. Now we desire to urge very earnestly upon these uiect
taries that if their policy were to be carried intoeTlio
they would be the first to experience its evil results' el
Church of England is maintained as the est°li 0(11
religion of the nation mainly because of its largenesactice
comprehensiveness. To make it the Church of ase it
of Churchmen is the surest way of bringing down 1•1110;t.
the fate of its Irish sister, and we leave it to thesedeeet
concerned to consider what would happen to the a to'
and chapters if the Establishment were shells,"eplisir
morrow. Certainly the way to get rid of the
ment is to make the Church illiberal and sectioTsete
curb its generosity, to ban its intellect, and to kllec 4,0
its brains. This is very much the sort of task t° Uut
the Deans of Ripon and Exeter have set themselves°, tie
they may rely upon it that their own order will b
first to suffer by theirthat the success.
The Post declares principal feature in tic tie
toral letter of the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol 1.0 will
invitation to the laity. If all accept and attend there
and
be a preponderance of the long-ignored lay eleMeiltie;ol
an opportunity will be afforded to layman of 51 cao
what amount of practical advice and energy °llea
furnish. It has been often cast in the teeth of the
(1 oot
that they are prone to act without the laity. We :lent
think the reproach altogether deserved, They c°"" that
administer the Church as they find it. We believe
oisie
we only do them justice when we say tliat,ast'el
tenths of them would hail with gratitude the pro'
and co-operation of laymen really earnest in Chu° lag
gress. What they have complained of is that Ibef, eecl
leave them too much alone and stand too much sl°°ristiao
take too little interest in the success of all the Chste'
undertakings of which nail- parish church is th
.overs
i
But the Bishop of Gloucester's letter invites lay c°t,
tion, though he has to go out of the usual rut to deteiel4
is clear that he and his clergy wish for it; and led e°
that the lay Churchmen of that well-superintencidetbeS9
ought to embrace heartily the opportunity oilere„isboi°
We cannot doubt that in that case, under the Ph (itter
able presidency, some of our most important Chtirc.tviaid
Cons will benefit by no small amount of patient ;ji bales
and skilful elucidation. If otherwise, the laity 11°00
only themselves to blame. The challenge to sP before
and be useful has been fearlessly thrown down
them. bad
And so at last, exclaims the Daily News, the illet
ID jese
eh pi
found a deadly foe—bent on his abolition! T.
miller is a sort of sacred character among uwhies.peetrl,
machinery is the only elaborate machinery
recognise as poetical. His haunts, his Pursav:
lonanner of life, and his whole character have Leporfl
romance about them ; he himself occupies an roebehor
place in ancient legends as in modern fiction. All thotl 13110
civilisation threatens to extinguish him. API.: dill tit
been discovered of making bread without gr'cos.
corn, and a patent has been taken out for the Prcea-d fro'
is said that whereas in the process of making bra
flour there is much waste, so that 100 P°uriciseevi Pof
yield only 112 pounds of bread, according to the mesas
cess 100 pounds of grain will produce 145 or 150 PtieetitPo
bread. The new bread is not only increased llingreia.iir
but is also said to be of better quality Aces dece';
the old process much of the gluten WBO is Pro
posed and lost in the heat of grieding• oeer o°oo
served when grinding is unnecessary ; said the eels °fe),
of fermentation contributes greatly to the wlnueneeow'sre
bread. Of course we give no opinion on the.ol
nipioo, ie
whether it does or doesnot proceed on sound Prl iieetientio
whether if the principles be sound their aruPtie of
practicable. But in reading the glowing ale dignatiel
new method of bread-making, which is now t° e,eo
with the grand French name of panification,i-ieer,
help feeling a pang for our old friend th° the toe,
wondering whether or not he is indeed t° 'se be, t...a
victim of our all-conquering civilisation? Id,libtere"
vanish with the old Charlies, the old lan3Pllg
el'et
the old coachmen? see
No chain, observes the Star, is stronger than systelsi,
Point, and the weak point in our own sat
the eilriessre
beyond a doubt the ignorance and poverty of ne thatnst
tural labourer. It is a common saying in 11.'1151' it 151.0/7,
can do without State aid ; and, ton certain extent'in religleoe
and honourable boast. The voluntary syste.inlas dole goo
in education, in a hundred social wants, I _
short 00
service, and if its results have sometimes failenisntiere.o,
more systematic product of State organics the /00
difference has been more than made tip tilt it cs11501)0
vidnal energy and force of character which 0 jail° of
play. But there are fields of activity t° lostie
ourtalcenpionplboya
population
ny vsoolunptarorystreaffteort.andThheer..leplisesvin.theneoi;
vital power seems to have abandoned
caw eel's the
roughly speaking, is time case with a gc !lee deeeene,,„te,
rural parishes, and such the situation whi",..l the P:700
aid, and even the compulsory interference)
turenvee
Eight shillings a week while health and 8 _..a 018
out ; the workhouse for a shelter in sickness to.
Devonshire Pea""".„eees
Such are the prospects of the the biberne'hie
means on which he takes to himself a wife, nageuenebneit
to which lie begets sons and daughters. 1-°
the hbetter
scanty wage with alms would be to convertst.o_ i a do,
workman into a mendicant. Eniigrao! evil* dr
all self-'. Iremedy, but it does not go to the root t pined
help alone can elevate a class, and
st e noee„ode
pends on knowledge. The labourer mu estciet
to
iu the
eul secondl i iscl, igltelnreenrattoiosnc.h The
ihaenwci
oillNlideosirNei;ltTyllei:e,seetp:coehealocigeorechFottoora
must be compelled to bear the charge: app 4
tO the nee
the moment might not be over-ag
gßilvietstlisse.y.
iwt'oi:lid)eqcautilcsled
state of things. If Yorkshire gives 1
Wellfecllll3 11 the
:reel:floc:lre of tri:tseel7:e _ s A teclii
wo
paratively well-educated Yorkshireniane
time, r°‘'
he 4
difference in its market price. If an di reinlS
press rather heavily on the land for a.
poor rates would give ample compensation.

gotti"
A Yankee contemporary auggeato that 00.7
znent of the Alabort3. cIP,In)§ 01911,14_1?-061c!LUPQ
Intettationni kat4ace,